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Czarnecki J, Nowakowska-Domagała K, Mokros Ł. Combined cold-water immersion and breathwork may be associated with improved mental health and reduction in the duration of upper respiratory tract infection - a case-control study. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2330741. [PMID: 38509857 PMCID: PMC10962303 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2330741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A polar plunge is a term referring to an ice-cold water immersion (CWI), usually in the winter period. It is also a part of a specific training program (STP) which currently gains popularity worldwide and was proven to display paradigm-shifting characteristics. The aim of this study was to compare the indices of mental functioning (including depression, anxiety, mindfulness) and duration of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) measured among the study participants. A set of questionnaires was distributed via the Internet. Participants declaring regular STP practice were selected (N = 77). Two groups were matched based on a case-control principle: the first one (the control group) comprised participants who did not declare nor CWI practice, nor STP practice. The second one comprised participants declaring regular CWI practice only. The CWI only group displayed better mental health indices and shorter URTIs compared to the control group. Moreover, the STP group also displayed better general mental health, less somatic complaints, and shorter URTIs compared to the CWI only group. This study suggests the existence of CWI's potential in boosting mental health and immune system functioning, however when complemented by a specific breathwork, this potential can be increased. However, further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Czarnecki
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Łukasz Mokros
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Lewis-Healey E, Tagliazucchi E, Canales-Johnson A, Bekinschtein TA. Breathwork-induced psychedelic experiences modulate neural dynamics. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae347. [PMID: 39191666 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Breathwork is an understudied school of practices involving intentional respiratory modulation to induce an altered state of consciousness (ASC). We simultaneously investigate the phenomenological and neural dynamics of breathwork by combining Temporal Experience Tracing, a quantitative methodology that preserves the temporal dynamics of subjective experience, with low-density portable EEG devices. Fourteen novice participants completed a course of up to 28 breathwork sessions-of 20, 40, or 60 min-in 28 days, yielding a neurophenomenological dataset of 301 breathwork sessions. Using hypothesis-driven and data-driven approaches, we found that "psychedelic-like" subjective experiences were associated with increased neural Lempel-Ziv complexity during breathwork. Exploratory analyses showed that the aperiodic exponent of the power spectral density-but not oscillatory alpha power-yielded similar neurophenomenological associations. Non-linear neural features, like complexity and the aperiodic exponent, neurally map both a multidimensional data-driven composite of positive experiences, and hypothesis-driven aspects of psychedelic-like experience states such as high bliss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Lewis-Healey
- Cambridge Consciousness and Cognition Lab, Department of Psychology, Downing Place, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Enzo Tagliazucchi
- Consciousness, Culture and Complexity Lab, Department of Physics, Pabellón I, University of Buenos Aires, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, 7910000, Chile
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Universidad de San Andrés, Vito Dumas 284, B1644BID Victoria, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andres Canales-Johnson
- Cambridge Consciousness and Cognition Lab, Department of Psychology, Downing Place, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
- The Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neurosciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, 3460000, Talca, Chile
| | - Tristan A Bekinschtein
- Cambridge Consciousness and Cognition Lab, Department of Psychology, Downing Place, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
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Bu Y, Burks J, Yang K, Prince J, Borna A, Coe CL, Simmons A, Tu XM, Baker D, Kimball D, Rao R, Shah V, Huang M, Schwindt P, Coleman TP, Lerman I. Non-invasive ventral cervical magnetoneurography as a proxy of in vivo lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Commun Biol 2024; 7:893. [PMID: 39075164 PMCID: PMC11286963 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of autonomic homeostasis is continuously calibrated by sensory fibers of the vagus nerve and sympathetic chain that convey compound action potentials (CAPs) to the central nervous system. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intravenous challenge reliably elicits a robust inflammatory response that can resemble systemic inflammation and acute endotoxemia. Here, we administered LPS intravenously in nine healthy subjects while recording ventral cervical magnetoneurography (vcMNG)-derived CAPs at the rostral Right Nodose Ganglion (RNG) and the caudal Right Carotid Artery (RCA) with optically pumped magnetometers (OPM). We observed vcMNG RNG and RCA neural firing rates that tracked changes in TNF-α levels in the systemic circulation. Further, endotype subgroups based on high and low IL-6 responders segregate RNG CAP frequency (at 30-120 min) and based on high and low IL-10 response discriminate RCA CAP frequency (at 0-30 min). These vcMNG tools may enhance understanding and management of the neuroimmune axis that can guide personalized treatment based on an individual's distinct endophenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Bu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jamison Burks
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jacob Prince
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Amir Borna
- Quantum Information Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87123, USA
| | - Christopher L Coe
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Alan Simmons
- Center for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH) VA San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Xin M Tu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dewleen Baker
- Center for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH) VA San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Donald Kimball
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ramesh Rao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Vishal Shah
- Quspin Laboratory Head Quarters, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Mingxiong Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Peter Schwindt
- Quantum Information Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87123, USA
| | - Todd P Coleman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Imanuel Lerman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Center for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH) VA San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- InflammaSense Incorporated Head Quarters, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Fincham GW, Epel E, Colasanti A, Strauss C, Cavanagh K. Effects of brief remote high ventilation breathwork with retention on mental health and wellbeing: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16893. [PMID: 39043650 PMCID: PMC11266346 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
High ventilation breathwork with retention (HVBR) has been growing in popularity over the past decade and might be beneficial for mental and physical health. However, little research has explored the potential therapeutic effects of brief, remotely delivered HVBR and the tolerability profile of this technique. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of a fully-automated HVBR protocol, along with its tolerability, when delivered remotely in a brief format. This study (NCT06064474) was the largest blinded randomised-controlled trial on HVBR to date in which 200 young, healthy adults balanced for gender were randomly allocated in blocks of 2 by remote software to 3 weeks of 20 min daily HVBR (fast breathing with long breath holds) or a placebo HVBR comparator (15 breaths/min with short breath holds). The trial was concealed as a 'fast breathwork' study wherein both intervention and comparator were masked, and only ~ 40% guessed their group assignment with no difference in accuracy between groups. Both groups reported analogous credibility and expectancy of benefit, subjective adherence, positive sentiment, along with short- and long-term tolerability. At post-intervention (primary timepoint) for stress level (primary outcome), we found no significant group × time interaction, F(1,180) = 1.98, p = 0.16, ηp2 = 0.01, d = 0.21), nor main effect of group, (F = 0.35, p = 0.55, ηp2 < 0.01) but we did find a significant main effect of time, (F = 13.0, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.07). There was a significant improvement in stress pre-post-intervention in both groups, however there was no significant difference in such improvement between groups. In addition to stress at follow-up, we found no significant group x time interactions for secondary trait outcomes of anxiety, depression, mental wellbeing, and sleep-related impairment. This was also the case for state positive and negative affect after the first session of breathwork and at post-intervention. Brief remote HVBR therefore may not be more efficacious at improving mental health than a well-designed active comparator in otherwise healthy, young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy W Fincham
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
| | - Elissa Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Alessandro Colasanti
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, UK
| | - Clara Strauss
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, UK
| | - Kate Cavanagh
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, UK
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Ferreira LMA, Brites R, Fraião G, Pereira G, Fernandes H, de Brito JAA, Pereira Generoso L, Maziero Capello MG, Pereira GS, Scoz RD, Silva JRT, Silva ML. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation modulates masseter muscle activity, pain perception, and anxiety levels in university students: a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Front Integr Neurosci 2024; 18:1422312. [PMID: 39051059 PMCID: PMC11266314 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2024.1422312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic anxiety is a statemarked by sustained activation of the masseter muscle, manifesting in both mental and physical strain. This prolonged tension can significantly impact mental wellbeing and cognitive abilities, posing a risk for a range of health complications. This double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial investigated the impact of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (TAVNS) on masseter muscle activity, pressure pain threshold (PPT), and anxiety levels in university students with elevated anxiety. Methods Forty-two participants meeting inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to either active TAVNS or sham TAVNS groups. Various parameters, including masseter muscle electromyographic (EMG) signals, PPT, and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scores, were assessed before pretreatment, immediately after the intervention week, and 2 weeks follow-up. Results Active TAVNS significantly reduced both left and right masseter activation during resting mandibular position, persisting for 2 weeks post-intervention. Additionally, TAVNS induced a lasting decrease in both left and right masseter PPT, indicative of altered pain perception. Notably, BAI scores showed a substantial reduction, emphasizing TAVNS as a potential intervention for anxiety, with effects maintained at the 2-week follow-up. Discussion This study provides comprehensive insights into the multifaceted effects of TAVNS on physiological and psychological aspects associated with anxiety in university students. The promising results underscore TAVNS as a potential neuromodulatory intervention for anxiety-related conditions, warranting further research and clinical exploration. Clinical Trial Registration https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-4s4kt2r.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Maia Alves Ferreira
- Neuromodulation and Pain Unit (NeuroPain), Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Brites
- Neuromodulation and Pain Unit (NeuroPain), Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Fraião
- Neuromodulation and Pain Unit (NeuroPain), Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Pereira
- Neuromodulation and Pain Unit (NeuroPain), Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, Portugal
| | - Henrique Fernandes
- Neuromodulation and Pain Unit (NeuroPain), Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, Portugal
| | - José Américo Almeida de Brito
- Neuromodulation and Pain Unit (NeuroPain), Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, Portugal
| | - Laura Pereira Generoso
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Neuromodulation and Study of Pain (LANNED), Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Gabriela Maziero Capello
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Neuromodulation and Study of Pain (LANNED), Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabrielly Santos Pereira
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Neuromodulation and Study of Pain (LANNED), Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Robson Dias Scoz
- Neuromodulation and Pain Unit (NeuroPain), Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, Portugal
| | - Josie Resende Torres Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Neuromodulation and Study of Pain (LANNED), Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Lourenço Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Neuromodulation and Study of Pain (LANNED), Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Richardson L, Graham JK. Embracing a New Evidence-Based Thought Paradigm of Sepsis. CLIN NURSE SPEC 2024; 38:171-174. [PMID: 38889057 DOI: 10.1097/nur.0000000000000828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In 1991, sepsis was first defined by the Society of Critical Care Medicine as the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, in the presence of infection. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome is an adaptive host response to infection, as well as to other insults like trauma and stress. Research pertaining to sepsis was guided by this adaptive definition for 25 years. After established guidelines for sepsis management were challenged in 2014, sepsis was redefined in 2016 as a dysregulated host response to infection. However, there still remains no consensus on which immunologic or metabolic mechanisms have become dysregulated. We sought to examine sepsis literature published after the 2016 consensus definition and compare it to the original systemic inflammatory response syndrome paradigm proposed in 1991. The purpose of this intensive analysis was to recommend a new sepsis archetype, with consideration to dysregulated immunologic and metabolic mechanisms that have recently been identified in sepsis. Nurses and other clinicians must shift their thought paradigm toward an evidence-based dysregulated model, in order to improve on sepsis recognition and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Richardson
- Author Affiliations: Grad Student (Ms Richardson) and Assistant Professor (Dr Graham), San Diego State University; and Clinical Nurse Specialist (Dr Graham), Sharp HealthCare, San Diego, California
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Ma W, Geng Y, Liu Y, Pan H, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Wang L. The mechanisms of white matter injury and immune system crosstalk in promoting the progression of Parkinson's disease: a narrative review. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1345918. [PMID: 38863783 PMCID: PMC11165104 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1345918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged and elderly people with some pathological mechanisms including immune disorder, neuroinflammation, white matter injury and abnormal aggregation of alpha-synuclein, etc. New research suggests that white matter injury may be important in the development of PD, but how inflammation, the immune system, and white matter damage interact to harm dopamine neurons is not yet understood. Therefore, it is particularly important to delve into the crosstalk between immune cells in the central and peripheral nervous system based on the study of white matter damage in PD. This crosstalk could not only exacerbate the pathological process of PD but may also reveal new therapeutic targets. By understanding how immune cells penetrate through the blood-brain barrier and activate inflammatory responses within the central nervous system, we can better grasp the impact of structural destruction of white matter in PD and explore how this process can be modulated to mitigate or combat disease progression. Microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and peripheral immune cells (especially T cells) play a central role in its pathological process where these immune cells produce and respond to pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and interleukin-6(IL-6), and white matter injury causes microglia to become pro-inflammatory and release inflammatory mediators, which attract more immune cells to the damaged area, increasing the inflammatory response. Moreover, white matter damage also causes dysfunction of blood-brain barrier, allows peripheral immune cells and inflammatory factors to invade the brain further, and enhances microglia activation forming a vicious circle that intensifies neuroinflammation. And these factors collectively promote the neuroinflammatory environment and neurodegeneration changes of PD. Overall, these findings not only deepen our understanding of the complexity of PD, but also provide new targets for the development of therapeutic strategies focused on inflammation and immune regulation mechanisms. In summary, this review provided the theoretical basis for clarifying the pathogenesis of PD, summarized the association between white matter damage and the immune cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and then emphasized their potential specific mechanisms of achieving crosstalk with further aggravating the pathological process of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ma
- Graduate School of Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yifan Geng
- Xuzhou Clinical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youhan Liu
- Graduate School of Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huixin Pan
- Graduate School of Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qinglu Wang
- Graduate School of Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yaohua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering & Technology of Shandong High School, Qilu Medical University, Zibo, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Graduate School of Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Hoekstra S, Ettema F, van der Bijll M, van der Sterren V, van Binsbergen E, van Orsouw L, Achterberg W, Daanen H, Janssen T, de Groot S. The effect of breathing exercises and mindset with or without cold exposure on mental and physical health in persons with a spinal cord injury-a protocol for a three-arm randomised-controlled trial. Spinal Cord 2024; 62:237-240. [PMID: 38491303 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-024-00976-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A three-arm randomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of the Wim Hof Method (WHM), with (WHM-C) and without cold exposure (WHM-NC), on mental and physical health in persons with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING Rehabilitation centre (assessments and once-weekly intervention sessions) and home-based (daily intervention sessions). METHODS Sixty adults with chronic SCI will be randomised (1:1:1) to one of three groups: participants in the intervention groups (i.e., WHM-C and WHM-NC) will engage in a 7-week intervention, with one weekly practice session at the rehabilitation centre and a daily WHM session at home. WHM-NC will consist of breathing exercises and mindset, while participants in WHM-C will partake in breathing exercises, mindset and cold exposure. Participants allocated to usual care (UC) will not receive the WHM intervention. The primary outcome is mental health reported via the Mental Health Inventory (MHI)-5, while secondary outcomes include circulating inflammatory and metabolic marker concentration, pulmonary function, body composition, sleep quality, spasticity, chronic pain and psychological stress. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval has been obtained from the medical ethics committee of the Máxima Medical Centre (Veldhoven, the Netherlands; identifier: w22.069). If shown efficacious in improving mental health, as well as physical health, in persons with chronic SCI, the low cost and accessibility of the WHM allows it to be directly implemented in SCI rehabilitation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05704322.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Hoekstra
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Frank Ettema
- Reade Center for Rehabilitation & Rheumatology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max van der Bijll
- Reade Center for Rehabilitation & Rheumatology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ludwine van Orsouw
- Reade Center for Rehabilitation & Rheumatology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Achterberg
- Reade Center for Rehabilitation & Rheumatology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hein Daanen
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Janssen
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja de Groot
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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Buskermolen AD, Michielsen CMS, de Jong AM, Prins MWJ. Towards continuous monitoring of TNF-α at picomolar concentrations using biosensing by particle motion. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 249:115934. [PMID: 38215637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The ability to continuously monitor cytokines is desirable for fundamental research studies and healthcare applications. Cytokine release is characterized by picomolar circulating concentrations, short half-lives, and rapid peak times. Here, we describe the characteristics and feasibility of a particle-based biosensing technique for continuous monitoring of TNF-α at picomolar concentrations. The technique is based on the optical tracking of particle motion and uses an antibody sandwich configuration. Experimental results show how the analyte concentration influences the particle diffusivity and characteristic response time of the sensor, and how the sensitivity range depends on the antibody functionalization density. Furthermore, the data clarifies how antibodies supplemented in solution can shorten the characteristic response time. Finally, we demonstrate association rate-based sensing as a first step towards continuous monitoring of picomolar TNF-α concentrations, over a period of 2 h with delay times under 15 min. The insights from this research will enable the development of continuous monitoring sensors using high-affinity binders, providing the sensitivity and speed needed in applications like cytokine monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa D Buskermolen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Claire M S Michielsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur M de Jong
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Menno W J Prins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Helia Biomonitoring, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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10
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Chen J, Lai X, Song Y, Su X. Neuroimmune recognition and regulation in the respiratory system. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:240008. [PMID: 38925790 PMCID: PMC11216688 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0008-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroimmune recognition and regulation in the respiratory system is a complex and highly coordinated process involving interactions between the nervous and immune systems to detect and respond to pathogens, pollutants and other potential hazards in the respiratory tract. This interaction helps maintain the health and integrity of the respiratory system. Therefore, understanding the complex interactions between the respiratory nervous system and immune system is critical to maintaining lung health and developing treatments for respiratory diseases. In this review, we summarise the projection distribution of different types of neurons (trigeminal nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, spinal dorsal root nerve, sympathetic nerve) in the respiratory tract. We also introduce several types of cells in the respiratory epithelium that closely interact with nerves (pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, brush cells, solitary chemosensory cells and tastebuds). These cells are primarily located at key positions in the respiratory tract, where nerves project to them, forming neuroepithelial recognition units, thus enhancing the ability of neural recognition. Furthermore, we summarise the roles played by these different neurons in sensing or responding to specific pathogens (influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, herpes viruses, Sendai parainfluenza virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, amoebae), allergens, atmospheric pollutants (smoking, exhaust pollution), and their potential roles in regulating interactions among different pathogens. We also summarise the prospects of bioelectronic medicine as a third therapeutic approach following drugs and surgery, as well as the potential mechanisms of meditation breathing as an adjunct therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiaoyun Lai
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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11
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Crosswell AD, Mayer SE, Whitehurst LN, Picard M, Zebarjadian S, Epel ES. Deep rest: An integrative model of how contemplative practices combat stress and enhance the body's restorative capacity. Psychol Rev 2024; 131:247-270. [PMID: 38147050 PMCID: PMC11003855 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Engaging in contemplative practice like meditation, yoga, and prayer, is beneficial for psychological and physical well-being. Recent research has identified several underlying psychological and biological pathways that explain these benefits. However, there is not yet consensus on the underlying overlapping physiological mechanisms of contemplative practice benefits. In this article, we integrate divergent scientific literatures on contemplative practice interventions, stress science, and mitochondrial biology, presenting a unified biopsychosocial model of how contemplative practices reduce stress and promote physical health. We argue that engaging in contemplative practice facilitates a restorative state termed "deep rest," largely through safety signaling, during which energetic resources are directed toward cellular optimization and away from energy-demanding stress states. Our model thus presents a framework for how contemplative practices enhance positive psychological and physiological functioning by optimizing cellular energy consumption. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D. Crosswell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Stefanie E. Mayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
- New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | | | - Elissa S. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
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12
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Fincham GW, Kartar A, Uthaug MV, Anderson B, Hall L, Nagai Y, Critchley H, Colasanti A. High ventilation breathwork practices: An overview of their effects, mechanisms, and considerations for clinical applications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105453. [PMID: 37923236 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
High Ventilation Breathwork (HVB) refers to practices employing specific volitional manipulation of breathing, with a long history of use to relieve various forms of psychological distress. This paper seeks to offer a consolidative insight into potential clinical application of HVB as a treatment of psychiatric disorders. We thus review the characteristic phenomenological and neurophysiological effects of these practices to inform their mechanism of therapeutic action, safety profiles and future clinical applications. Clinical observations and data from neurophysiological studies indicate that HVB is associated with extraordinary changes in subjective experience, as well as with profound effects on central and autonomic nervous systems functions through modulation of neurometabolic parameters and interoceptive sensory systems. This growing evidence base may guide how the phenomenological effects of HVB can be understood, and potentially harnessed in the context of such volitional perturbation of psychophysiological state. Reports of putative beneficial effects for trauma-related, affective, and somatic disorders invite further research to obtain detailed mechanistic knowledge, and rigorous clinical testing of these potential therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy W Fincham
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sussex, UK; University of Sussex, School of Psychology, Brighton, UK.
| | - Amy Kartar
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sussex, UK
| | - Malin V Uthaug
- The Centre for Psychedelic Research, Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, UK; Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Brittany Anderson
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Lottie Hall
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sussex, UK
| | - Yoko Nagai
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sussex, UK
| | - Hugo Critchley
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sussex, UK
| | - Alessandro Colasanti
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sussex, UK; Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust.
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13
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Romanchuk O. Cardiorespiratory dynamics during respiratory maneuver in athletes. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 3. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3389/fnetp.2023.1276899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The modern practice of sports medicine and medical rehabilitation requires the search for subtle criteria for the development of conditions and recovery of the body after diseases, which would have a prognostic value for the prevention of negative effects of training and rehabilitation tools, and also testify to the development and course of mechanisms for counteracting pathogenetic processes in the body. The purpose of this study was to determine the informative directions of the cardiorespiratory system parameters dynamics during the performing a maneuver with a change in breathing rate, which may indicate the body functional state violation.Methods: The results of the study of 183 healthy men aged 21.2 ± 2.3 years who regularly engaged in various sports were analyzed. The procedure for studying the cardiorespiratory system included conducting combined measurements of indicators of activity of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems in a sitting position using a spiroarteriocardiograph device. The duration of the study was 6 min and involved the sequential registration of three measurements with a change in breathing rate (spontaneous breathing, breathing at 0.1 Hz and 0.25 Hz).Results: Performing a breathing maneuver at breathing 0.1 Hz and breathing 0.25 Hz in comparison with spontaneous breathing leads to multidirectional significant changes in heart rate variability indicators–TP (ms2), LF (ms2), LFHF (ms2/ms2); of blood pressure variability indicators–TPDBP (mmHg2), LFSBP (mmHg2), LFDBP (mmHg2), HFSBP (mmHg2); of volume respiration variability indicators - LFR, (L×min-1)2; HFR, (L×min-1)2; LFHFR, (L×min-1)2/(L×min-1)2; of arterial baroreflex sensitivity indicators - BRLF (ms×mmHg-1), BRHF (ms×mmHg-1). Differences in indicators of systemic hemodynamics and indicators of cardiovascular and respiratory systems synchronization were also informative.Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it is shown that during performing a breathing maneuver with a change in the rate of breathing, there are significant changes in cardiorespiratory parameters, the analysis of which the increments made it possible to determine of the changes directions dynamics, their absolute values and informative limits regarding the possible occurrence of the cardiorespiratory interactions dysregulation.
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14
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Romanchuk O. Cardiorespiratory dynamics during respiratory maneuver in athletes. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 3:1276899. [PMID: 38020241 PMCID: PMC10643240 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2023.1276899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The modern practice of sports medicine and medical rehabilitation requires the search for subtle criteria for the development of conditions and recovery of the body after diseases, which would have a prognostic value for the prevention of negative effects of training and rehabilitation tools, and also testify to the development and course of mechanisms for counteracting pathogenetic processes in the body. The purpose of this study was to determine the informative directions of the cardiorespiratory system parameters dynamics during the performing a maneuver with a change in breathing rate, which may indicate the body functional state violation. Methods: The results of the study of 183 healthy men aged 21.2 ± 2.3 years who regularly engaged in various sports were analyzed. The procedure for studying the cardiorespiratory system included conducting combined measurements of indicators of activity of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems in a sitting position using a spiroarteriocardiograph device. The duration of the study was 6 min and involved the sequential registration of three measurements with a change in breathing rate (spontaneous breathing, breathing at 0.1 Hz and 0.25 Hz). Results: Performing a breathing maneuver at breathing 0.1 Hz and breathing 0.25 Hz in comparison with spontaneous breathing leads to multidirectional significant changes in heart rate variability indicators-TP (ms2), LF (ms2), LFHF (ms2/ms2); of blood pressure variability indicators-TPDBP (mmHg2), LFSBP (mmHg2), LFDBP (mmHg2), HFSBP (mmHg2); of volume respiration variability indicators - LFR, (L×min-1)2; HFR, (L×min-1)2; LFHFR, (L×min-1)2/(L×min-1)2; of arterial baroreflex sensitivity indicators - BRLF (ms×mmHg-1), BRHF (ms×mmHg-1). Differences in indicators of systemic hemodynamics and indicators of cardiovascular and respiratory systems synchronization were also informative. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it is shown that during performing a breathing maneuver with a change in the rate of breathing, there are significant changes in cardiorespiratory parameters, the analysis of which the increments made it possible to determine of the changes directions dynamics, their absolute values and informative limits regarding the possible occurrence of the cardiorespiratory interactions dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Romanchuk
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Ukrainian Research Institute of Medical Rehabilitation and Resort Therapy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Odesa, Ukraine
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15
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Ketelhut S, Querciagrossa D, Bisang X, Metry X, Borter E, Nigg CR. The effectiveness of the Wim Hof method on cardiac autonomic function, blood pressure, arterial compliance, and different psychological parameters. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17517. [PMID: 37845341 PMCID: PMC10579249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wim Hof method (WHM) is a multi-disciplinary approach to physical and mental well-being combining cold exposure, breathing exercises, and meditation. This study evaluated the effects of a 15 days WHM intervention on cardiovascular parameters at rest and during a cold pressor test (CPT), as well as on various psychological parameters. Forty two participants were randomized into an intervention (IG) and a control group. Throughout the 15 days intervention, the IG performed the WHM daily. Before and after the intervention, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), heart rate (HR), root mean sum of squared distance (RMSSD), and standard deviation of RR-intervals (SDNN) were assessed at rest and during a CPT. Furthermore, perceived stress (PSS), positive affect (PANAS+), negative affect (PANAS-), and subjective vitality (trait (SVSt) and state (SVSs)) was determined. No significant time × group interactions could be detected in HR (p = 0.709); RMSSD (p = 0.820), SDNN (p = 0.186), SBP (p = 0.839), DBP (p = 0.318), PWV (p = 0.983), PANAS+ (p = 0.427), PANAS- (p = 0.614), SVSt (p = 0.760), SVSs (p = 0.366), and PSS (p = 0.364). No significant time × group effects could be detected during the CPT (ΔHR: p = 0.596; ΔSBP: p = 0.366; ΔDBP: p = 0.999; ΔPWV: p = 0.635; perceived pain: p = 0.231). Performing the WHM daily did not exert positive effects on cardiovascular and psychological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Ketelhut
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Dario Querciagrossa
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Bisang
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Metry
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eric Borter
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio R Nigg
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Benson S, Karshikoff B. How Can Experimental Endotoxemia Contribute to Our Understanding of Pain? A Narrative Review. Neuroimmunomodulation 2023; 30:250-267. [PMID: 37797598 PMCID: PMC10619593 DOI: 10.1159/000534467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system and the central nervous system exchange information continuously. This communication is a prerequisite for adaptive responses to physiological and psychological stressors. While the implicate relationship between inflammation and pain is increasingly recognized in clinical cohorts, the underlying mechanisms and the possibilities for pharmacological and psychological approaches aimed at neuro-immune communication in pain are not fully understood yet. This calls for preclinical models which build a bridge from clinical research to laboratory research. Experimental models of systemic inflammation (experimental endotoxemia) in humans have been increasingly recognized as an approach to study the direct and causal effects of inflammation on pain perception. This narrative review provides an overview of what experimental endotoxemia studies on pain have been able to clarify so far. We report that experimental endotoxemia results in a reproducible increase in pain sensitivity, particularly for pressure and visceral pain (deep pain), which is reflected in responses of brain areas involved in pain processing. Increased levels of blood inflammatory cytokines are required for this effect, but cytokine levels do not always predict pain intensity. We address sex-dependent differences in immunological responses to endotoxin and discuss why these differences do not necessarily translate to differences in behavioral measures. We summarize psychological and cognitive factors that may moderate pain sensitization driven by immune activation. Together, studying the immune-driven changes in pain during endotoxemia offers a deeper mechanistic understanding of the role of inflammation in chronic pain. Experimental endotoxemia models can specifically help to tease out inflammatory mechanisms underlying individual differences, vulnerabilities, and comorbid psychological problems in pain syndromes. The model offers the opportunity to test the efficacy of interventions, increasing their translational applicability for personalized medical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Benson
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Medical Education, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bianka Karshikoff
- Department of Social Studies, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Oswald V, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Annen J, Martial C, Bicego A, Rousseaux F, Sombrun C, Harel Y, Faymonville ME, Laureys S, Jerbi K, Gosseries O. Autonomic nervous system modulation during self-induced non-ordinary states of consciousness. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15811. [PMID: 37737222 PMCID: PMC10516905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-induced cognitive trance (SICT) is a voluntary non-ordinary state of consciousness characterized by a lucid yet narrowed awareness of the external surroundings. It involves a hyper-focused immersive experience of flow, expanded inner imagery, modified somatosensory processing, and an altered perception of self and time. SICT is gaining attention due to its potential clinical applications. Similar states of non-ordinary state of consciousness, such as meditation, hypnosis, and psychedelic experiences, have been reported to induce changes in the autonomic nervous system. However, the functioning of the autonomic nervous system during SICT remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of SICT on the cardiac and respiratory signals of 25 participants proficient in SICT. To accomplish this, we measured various metrics of heart rate variability (HRV) and respiration rate variability (RRV) in three conditions: resting state, SICT, and a mental imagery task. Subsequently, we employed a machine learning framework utilizing a linear discriminant analysis classifier and a cross-validation scheme to identify the features that exhibited the best discrimination between these three conditions. The results revealed that during SICT, participants experienced an increased heart rate and a decreased level of high-frequency (HF) HRV compared to the control conditions. Additionally, specific increases in respiratory amplitude, phase ratio, and RRV were observed during SICT in comparison to the other conditions. These findings suggest that SICT is associated with a reduction in parasympathetic activity, indicative of a hyperarousal state of the autonomic nervous system during SICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Oswald
- Sensation and Perception Research Group, GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Lab, Psychology Département, University of Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse
- Sensation and Perception Research Group, GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
- Interdisciplinary Algology Center, CHU, University Hospital of Liège, B35, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Jitka Annen
- Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Martial
- Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Aminata Bicego
- Sensation and Perception Research Group, GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Floriane Rousseaux
- Sensation and Perception Research Group, GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Yann Harel
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Lab, Psychology Département, University of Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-Elisabeth Faymonville
- Interdisciplinary Algology Center, CHU, University Hospital of Liège, B35, Liège, Belgium
- Arsène Burny Center, Hospital of Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Centre du Cerveau, Hospital of Liège University, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- CERVO Research Institute, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karim Jerbi
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Lab, Psychology Département, University of Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Olivia Gosseries
- Sensation and Perception Research Group, GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
- Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
- Centre du Cerveau, Hospital of Liège University, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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18
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Zouali M. Pharmacological and Electroceutical Targeting of the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway in Autoimmune Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1089. [PMID: 37631004 PMCID: PMC10459025 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous dialogue between the immune system and the brain plays a key homeostatic role in various immune responses to environmental cues. Several functions are under the control of the vagus nerve-based inflammatory reflex, a physiological mechanism through which nerve signals regulate immune functions. In the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, the vagus nerve, its pivotal neurotransmitter acetylcholine, together with the corresponding receptors play a key role in modulating the immune response of mammals. Through communications of peripheral nerves with immune cells, it modulates proliferation and differentiation activities of various immune cell subsets. As a result, this pathway represents a potential target for treating autoimmune diseases characterized by overt inflammation and a decrease in vagal tone. Consistently, converging observations made in both animal models and clinical trials revealed that targeting the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway using pharmacologic approaches can provide beneficial effects. In parallel, bioelectronic medicine has recently emerged as an alternative approach to managing systemic inflammation. In several studies, nerve electrostimulation was reported to be clinically relevant in reducing chronic inflammation in autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes. In the future, these new approaches could represent a major therapeutic strategy for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moncef Zouali
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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19
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Zwaag J, Timmerman H, Pickkers P, Kox M. Modulation of Pain Sensitivity by a Hyperventilatory Breathing Exercise and Cold Exposure Training. J Pain Res 2023; 16:1979-1991. [PMID: 37333948 PMCID: PMC10276601 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s400408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence indicates that healthy individuals who follow a training program comprised hyperventilatory breathing exercises and cold exposure can voluntarily activate their sympathetic nervous system and attenuate their systemic inflammatory response during experimental endotoxemia (intravenous administration of bacterial endotoxin). Furthermore, trained participants reported less endotoxemia-induced flu-like symptoms. However, it remained to be determined whether the effects on symptoms are due to the mitigated inflammatory response or involve direct analgesic effects of (elements of) the training program. Methods In the present study, we used Nijmegen-Aalborg Screening Quantitative sensory testing (NASQ) to objectively map pain sensitivity using non-invasive stimuli to address this question. First, NASQ parameters were evaluated in 20 healthy volunteers before, during, and after the conduct of the hyperventilatory breathing exercise. Second, NASQ measurements were performed before and after 48 healthy volunteers followed different modalities of the training program: breathing exercise training, cold exposure training, the combination of both, or no training. Lastly, NASQ measurements were performed in these 48 subjects during experimental endotoxemia. Results Electrical pain detection thresholds increased during the breathing exercise (p = 0.001) as well as four hours afterwards (p = 0.03). Furthermore, cold exposure training resulted in lower VAS scores during hand immersion in ice water (p < 0.001). Systemic inflammation induced by administration of endotoxin nullified the decreased pain perception during the ice water test in subjects trained in cold exposure. Conclusion A hyperventilatory breathing exercise decreases pain perception induced by an electrical stimulus. Furthermore, cold exposure training may decrease pain perception induced by hand immersion in ice water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Zwaag
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Timmerman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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20
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He H, Luo H, Xu H, Qian B, Zou X, Zhang G, Zeng F, Zou J. Preclinical models and evaluation criteria of prostatitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183895. [PMID: 37228599 PMCID: PMC10203503 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostatitis is a common urological condition that affects almost half of all men at some point in their life. The prostate gland has a dense nerve supply that contributes to the production of fluid to nourish sperm and the mechanism to switch between urination and ejaculation. Prostatitis can cause frequent urination, pelvic pain, and even infertility. Long-term prostatitis increases the risk of prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia. Chronic non-bacterial prostatitis presents a complex pathogenesis, which has challenged medical research. Experimental studies of prostatitis require appropriate preclinical models. This review aimed to summarize and compare preclinical models of prostatitis based on their methods, success rate, evaluation, and range of application. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of prostatitis and advance basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan He
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui Luo
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Biao Qian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guoxi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fei Zeng
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junrong Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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21
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Salgado HC, Brognara F, Ribeiro AB, Lataro RM, Castania JA, Ulloa L, Kanashiro A. Autonomic Regulation of Inflammation in Conscious Animals. Neuroimmunomodulation 2023; 30:102-112. [PMID: 37232031 DOI: 10.1159/000530908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioelectronic medicine is a novel field in modern medicine based on the specific neuronal stimulation to control organ function, cardiovascular, and immune homeostasis. However, most studies addressing neuromodulation of the immune system have been conducted on anesthetized animals, which can affect the nervous system and neuromodulation. Here, we review recent studies involving conscious experimental rodents (rats and mice) to better understand the functional organization of neural control of immune homeostasis. We highlight typical experimental models of cardiovascular regulation, such as electrical activation of the aortic depressor nerve or the carotid sinus nerve, bilateral carotid occlusion, the Bezold-Jarisch reflex, and intravenous administration of the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. These models have been used to investigate the relationship between neuromodulation of the cardiovascular and immune systems in conscious rodents (rats and mice). These studies provide critical information about the neuromodulation of the immune system, particularly the role of the autonomic nervous system, i.e., the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches acting both centrally (hypothalamus, nucleus ambiguus, nucleus tractus solitarius, caudal ventrolateral medulla, and rostral ventrolateral medulla), and peripherally (particularly spleen and adrenal medulla). Overall, the studies in conscious experimental models have certainly highlighted to the reader how the methodological approaches used to investigate cardiovascular reflexes in conscious rodents (rats and mice) can also be valuable for investigating the neural mechanisms involved in inflammatory responses. The reviewed studies have clinical implications for future therapeutic approaches of bioelectronic modulation of the nervous system to control organ function and physiological homeostasis in conscious physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helio Cesar Salgado
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brognara
- Department of Nursing, General and Specialized, Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Maria Lataro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Jaci Airton Castania
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandre Kanashiro
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Medical Sciences Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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22
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Shihmani B, Rassouli A, Mehrzad J, Shokrpoor S. The anti-inflammatory effects of minocycline on lipopolysaccharide-induced paw oedema in rats: a histopathological and molecular study. Inflammopharmacology 2023:10.1007/s10787-023-01236-7. [PMID: 37119392 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Minocycline is a semi-synthetic antimicrobial agent with claimed anti-inflammatory properties reported from different experimental models. This study was aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of minocycline, compared to the actions of two common anti-inflammatory agents, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced paw oedema through some clinical, histopathological, haematological and molecular analyses. Forty-eight rats were divided into eight groups (n = 6). In control group (Ctrl), each animal was injected with normal saline into its sub-plantar region of hind paw. In groups 2-7, hind paw oedema was induced by injection of LPS. One hour before injections, groups 1 (Ctrl) and 2 (LPS) were treated orally with distilled water, 3 and 4 with methylprednisolone (Pred) and meloxicam (Melo) and 5-7 with minocycline in doses of 50, 150 and 450 mg/kg (M50, M150 and M450, respectively). The 8th group (MC) was given minocycline (150 mg/kg) orally and normal saline was injected into sub-plantar region. Paw swelling and body temperature were assessed at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 24 h post-injections. At 24 h, samples of blood and liver, kidney, spleen and hind paw tissues were taken for haematological and histopathological examinations. Some samples of the paw were also obtained for molecular analysis of some inflammatory-related cytokines at mRNA level. Paw swelling and body temperature increased in all LPS-injected groups 2 h post-injection. In LPS group, they remained significantly increased up to 24 h; however, these parameters decreased to normal in Pred, Melo and all minocycline groups. The histological findings showed mild-to-moderate signs of inflammation in tissue samples of groups 2-6, but not in group M450. Additionally, gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) increased significantly in LPS group compared to other groups. In conclusion, this study supports the role of minocycline as an anti-inflammatory agent with effects comparable to those of meloxicam and methylprednisolone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basim Shihmani
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1419963114, Iran
| | - Ali Rassouli
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1419963114, Iran.
| | - Jalil Mehrzad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Shokrpoor
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Parker J. Pathophysiological Effects of Contemporary Lifestyle on Evolutionary-Conserved Survival Mechanisms in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041056. [PMID: 37109585 PMCID: PMC10145572 DOI: 10.3390/life13041056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is increasingly being characterized as an evolutionary mismatch disorder that presents with a complex mixture of metabolic and endocrine symptoms. The Evolutionary Model proposes that PCOS arises from a collection of inherited polymorphisms that have been consistently demonstrated in a variety of ethnic groups and races. In utero developmental programming of susceptible genomic variants are thought to predispose the offspring to develop PCOS. Postnatal exposure to lifestyle and environmental risk factors results in epigenetic activation of developmentally programmed genes and disturbance of the hallmarks of health. The resulting pathophysiological changes represent the consequences of poor-quality diet, sedentary behaviour, endocrine disrupting chemicals, stress, circadian disruption, and other lifestyle factors. Emerging evidence suggests that lifestyle-induced gastrointestinal dysbiosis plays a central role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Lifestyle and environmental exposures initiate changes that result in disturbance of the gastrointestinal microbiome (dysbiosis), immune dysregulation (chronic inflammation), altered metabolism (insulin resistance), endocrine and reproductive imbalance (hyperandrogenism), and central nervous system dysfunction (neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous system). PCOS can be a progressive metabolic condition that leads to obesity, gestational diabetes, type two diabetes, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. This review explores the mechanisms that underpin the evolutionary mismatch between ancient survival pathways and contemporary lifestyle factors involved in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Parker
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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24
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Chakraborty P, Farhat K, Po SS, Armoundas AA, Stavrakis S. Autonomic Nervous System and Cardiac Metabolism: Links Between Autonomic and Metabolic Remodeling in Atrial Fibrillation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2023:S2405-500X(23)00117-2. [PMID: 37086229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2023.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous activation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems is crucial for the initiation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). However, unbalanced activation of the sympathetic system is characteristic of autonomic remodeling in long-standing persistent AF. Moreover, the adrenergic activation-induced metabolic derangements provide a milieu for acute AF and promote the transition from the paroxysmal to the persistent phase of AF. On the other hand, cholinergic activation ameliorates the maladaptive metabolic remodeling in the face of metabolic challenges. Selective inhibition of the sympathetic system and restoration of the balance of the cholinergic system by neuromodulation is emerging as a novel nonpharmacologic strategy for managing AF. This review explores the link between cardiac autonomic and metabolic remodeling and the potential roles of different autonomic modulation strategies on atrial metabolic aberrations in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praloy Chakraborty
- Cardiovascular Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Kassem Farhat
- Cardiovascular Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sunny S Po
- Cardiovascular Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Antonis A Armoundas
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Cardiovascular Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
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25
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Santacroce L, Colella M, Charitos IA, Di Domenico M, Palmirotta R, Jirillo E. Microbial and Host Metabolites at the Backstage of Fever: Current Knowledge about the Co-Ordinate Action of Receptors and Molecules Underlying Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030461. [PMID: 36984901 PMCID: PMC10056708 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fever represents an elevation of body temperature, that exerts a protective effect against pathogens. Innate immune cells and neurons are implicated in the regulation of body temperature. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, i.e., lipopolysaccharides from Gram-negative bacteria and peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid from Gram-positive bacteria are exogenous pyrogens, that bind to Toll-like receptors on immune and non-immune cells. The subsequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6 and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha] and their passage through the brain trigger the febrile response. In fact, neurons of the pre-optic area produce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), that, in turn, bind to the PGE2 receptors; thus, generating fever. Apart from classical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, i.e., aspirin and acetaminophen, various botanicals are currently used as antipyretic agents and, therefore, their mechanisms of action will be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marica Colella
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- CEDICLO-Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', 70124 Bari, Italy
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26
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Inter-Day Variation in the Fasting Plasma Lipopolysaccharide Concentration in the Morning Is Associated with Inter-Day Variation in Appetite in Japanese Males: A Short-Term Cohort Study. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030395. [PMID: 36984835 PMCID: PMC10053071 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a product of gut bacteria, into the blood increases blood triglycerides and cortisol, an appetite-stimulating hormone. Meanwhile, small amounts of LPS derived from gut bacteria are thought to enter the bloodstream from the gut in daily basis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of LPS influx on appetite or lipid metabolism in humans in everyday life. We measured the fasting plasma LPS concentration before breakfast and the corresponding days’ appetite and fat-burning markers for 10 days in four Japanese males (28–31 years) and analyzed the correlation of their inter-day variation. The LPS concentration was negatively correlated with fullness, and positively correlated with the carbohydrate intake. Against our hypothesis, the LPS concentration was positively correlated with the fasting breath acetone concentration, a fat-burning marker. There was a positive correlation between the LPS concentration and fasting body mass index (BMI), but the inter-day variation in BMI was slight. The results suggest that the LPS influx in everyday life is at least associated with appetite in the day.
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27
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Critchley HD, Sherrill SP, Ewing DL, van Praag CG, Habash-Bailey H, Quadt L, Eccles JA, Meeten F, Jones AM, Garfinkel SN. Cardiac interoception in patients accessing secondary mental health services: A transdiagnostic study. Auton Neurosci 2023; 245:103072. [PMID: 36709619 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2023.103072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in the regulation of physiological arousal and interoceptive processing are implicated in the expression and maintenance of specific psychiatric conditions and symptoms. We undertook a cross-sectional characterisation of patients accessing secondary mental health services, recording measures relating to cardiac physiology and interoception, to understand how physiological state and interoceptive ability relate transdiagnostically to affective symptoms. METHODS Participants were patients (n = 258) and a non-clinical comparison group (n = 67). Clinical diagnoses spanned affective disorders, complex personality presentations and psychoses. We first tested for differences between patient and non-clinical participants in terms of cardiac physiology and interoceptive ability, considering interoceptive tasks and a self-report measure. We then tested for correlations between cardiac and interoceptive measures and affective symptoms. Lastly, we explored group differences across recorded clinical diagnoses. RESULTS Patients exhibited lower performance accuracy and confidence in heartbeat discrimination and lower heartbeat tracking confidence relative to comparisons. In patients, greater anxiety and depression predicted greater self-reported interoceptive sensibility and a greater mismatch between performance accuracy and sensibility. This effect was not observed in comparison participants. Significant differences between patient groups were observed for heart rate variability (HRV) although post hoc differences were not significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Finally, accuracy in heartbeat tracking was significantly lower in schizophrenia compared to other diagnostic groups. CONCLUSIONS The multilevel characterisation presented here identified certain physiological and interoceptive differences associated with psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses. The clinical stratification and therapeutic targeting of interoceptive mechanisms is therefore of potential value in treating certain psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo D Critchley
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Samantha P Sherrill
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Donna L Ewing
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; School of Humanities and Social Science, University of Brighton, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Cassandra Gould van Praag
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Haniah Habash-Bailey
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; School of Psychology, University of Sussex, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Lisa Quadt
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jessica A Eccles
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Fran Meeten
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; School of Psychology, University of Sussex, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Anna-Marie Jones
- Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Sarah N Garfinkel
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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28
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Fuke N, Yamashita T, Shimizu S, Matsumoto M, Sawada K, Jung S, Tokuda I, Misawa M, Suzuki S, Ushida Y, Mikami T, Itoh K, Suganuma H. Association of Plasma Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein Concentration with Dietary Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Health Status in the Japanese General Adult Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020250. [PMID: 36837869 PMCID: PMC9965710 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The influx of intestinal bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the blood has attracted attention as a cause of diseases. The aim of this study is investigating the associations between the influx of LPS, dietary factors, gut microbiota, and health status in the general adult population. Food/nutrient intake, gut microbiota, health status and plasma LPS-binding protein (LBP; LPS exposure indicator) were measured in 896 residents (58.1% female, mean age 54.7 years) of the rural Iwaki district of Japan, and each correlation was analyzed. As the results, plasma LBP concentration correlated with physical (right/left arms' muscle mass [β = -0.02, -0.03]), renal (plasma renin activity [β = 0.27], urine albumin creatinine ratio [β = 0.50]), adrenal cortical (cortisol [β = 0.14]), and thyroid function (free thyroxine [β = 0.05]), iron metabolism (serum iron [β = -0.14]), and markers of lifestyle-related diseases (all Qs < 0.20). Plasma LBP concentration were mainly negatively correlated with vegetables/their nutrients intake (all βs ≤ -0.004, Qs < 0.20). Plasma LBP concentration was positively correlated with the proportion of Prevotella (β = 0.32), Megamonas (β = 0.56), and Streptococcus (β = 0.65); and negatively correlated with Roseburia (β = -0.57) (all Qs < 0.20). Dietary factors correlated with plasma LBP concentration correlated with positively (all βs ≥ 0.07) or negatively (all βs ≤ -0.07) the proportion of these bacteria (all Qs < 0.20). Our results suggested that plasma LBP concentration in the Japanese general adult population was associated with various health issues, and that dietary habit was associated with plasma LBP concentration in relation to the intestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Fuke
- Innovation Division, KAGOME Co., Ltd., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Tochigi, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-80-1573-5815
| | - Takahiro Yamashita
- Innovation Division, KAGOME Co., Ltd., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Sunao Shimizu
- Innovation Division, KAGOME Co., Ltd., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Vegetable Life Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
| | - Mai Matsumoto
- Innovation Division, KAGOME Co., Ltd., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kaori Sawada
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
| | - Songee Jung
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Digital Nutrition and Health Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
| | - Itoyo Tokuda
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
| | - Mina Misawa
- Center of Innovation Research Initiatives Organization, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shigenori Suzuki
- Innovation Division, KAGOME Co., Ltd., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ushida
- Innovation Division, KAGOME Co., Ltd., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Vegetable Life Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suganuma
- Innovation Division, KAGOME Co., Ltd., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Tochigi, Japan
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29
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Breathwork Interventions for Adults with Clinically Diagnosed Anxiety Disorders: A Scoping Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020256. [PMID: 36831799 PMCID: PMC9954474 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most common group of mental disorders, but they are often underrecognized and undertreated in primary care. Dysfunctional breathing is a hallmark of anxiety disorders; however, mainstays of treatments do not tackle breathing in patients suffering anxiety. This scoping review aims to identify the nature and extent of the available research literature on the efficacy of breathwork interventions for adults with clinically diagnosed anxiety disorders using the DSM-5 classification system. Using the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, a search of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus was conducted using terms related to anxiety disorders and breathwork interventions. Only clinical studies using breathwork (without the combination of other interventions) and performed on adult patients diagnosed with an anxiety disorder using the DSM-5 classification system were included. From 1081 articles identified across three databases, sixteen were included for the review. A range of breathwork interventions yielded significant improvements in anxiety symptoms in patients clinically diagnosed with anxiety disorders. The results around the role of hyperventilation in treatment of anxiety were contradictory in few of the examined studies. This evidence-based review supports the clinical utility of breathwork interventions and discusses effective treatment options and protocols that are feasible and accessible to patients suffering anxiety. Current gaps in knowledge for future research directions have also been identified.
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30
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Pratscher SD, Sibille KT, Fillingim RB. Conscious connected breathing with breath retention intervention in adults with chronic low back pain: protocol for a randomized controlled pilot study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2023; 9:15. [PMID: 36694217 PMCID: PMC9872326 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is a major source of human suffering, and chronic low back pain (cLBP) is among the most prevalent, costly, and disabling of pain conditions. Due to the significant personal and societal burden and the complex and recurring nature of cLBP, self-management approaches that can be practiced at home are highly relevant to develop and test. The respiratory system is one of the most integrated systems of the body, and breathing is bidirectionally related with stress, emotion, and pain. Thus, the widespread physiological and psychological impact of breathing practices and breathwork interventions hold substantial promise as possible self-management strategies for chronic pain. The primary aim of the current randomized pilot study is to test the feasibility and acceptability of a conscious connected breathing with breath retention intervention compared to a sham control condition. METHODS The rationale and procedures for testing a 5-day conscious connected breathing with breath retention intervention, compared to a deep breathing sham control intervention, in 24 adults (18-65 years) with cLBP is described. Both interventions will be delivered using standardized audio recordings and practiced over 5 days (two times in-person and three times at-home), and both are described as Breathing and Attention Training to reduce possible expectancy and placebo effects common in pain research. The primary outcomes for this study are feasibility and acceptability. Feasibility will be evaluated by determining rates of participant recruitment, adherence, retention, and study assessment completion, and acceptability will be evaluated by assessing participants' satisfaction and helpfulness of the intervention. We will also measure other clinical pain, psychological, behavioral, and physiological variables that are planned to be included in a follow-up randomized controlled trial. DISCUSSION This will be the first study to examine the effects of a conscious connected breathing with breath retention intervention for individuals with chronic pain. The successful completion of this smaller-scale pilot study will provide data regarding the feasibility and acceptability to conduct a subsequent trial testing the efficacy of this breathing self-management practice for adults with cLBP. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04740710 . Registered on 5 February 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Pratscher
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Kimberly T Sibille
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Roger B Fillingim
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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31
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Balban MY, Neri E, Kogon MM, Weed L, Nouriani B, Jo B, Holl G, Zeitzer JM, Spiegel D, Huberman AD. Brief structured respiration practices enhance mood and reduce physiological arousal. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100895. [PMID: 36630953 PMCID: PMC9873947 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlled breathwork practices have emerged as potential tools for stress management and well-being. Here, we report a remote, randomized, controlled study (NCT05304000) of three different daily 5-min breathwork exercises compared with an equivalent period of mindfulness meditation over 1 month. The breathing conditions are (1) cyclic sighing, which emphasizes prolonged exhalations; (2) box breathing, which is equal duration of inhalations, breath retentions, and exhalations; and (3) cyclic hyperventilation with retention, with longer inhalations and shorter exhalations. The primary endpoints are improvement in mood and anxiety as well as reduced physiological arousal (respiratory rate, heart rate, and heart rate variability). Using a mixed-effects model, we show that breathwork, especially the exhale-focused cyclic sighing, produces greater improvement in mood (p < 0.05) and reduction in respiratory rate (p < 0.05) compared with mindfulness meditation. Daily 5-min cyclic sighing has promise as an effective stress management exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Yilmaz Balban
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eric Neri
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Manuela M. Kogon
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Stanford Center for Integrative Medicine, Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Lara Weed
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bita Nouriani
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Booil Jo
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gary Holl
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jamie M. Zeitzer
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care Service, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - David Spiegel
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Stress and Health, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Andrew D. Huberman
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,BioX, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Corresponding author
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32
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Stolk RF, Bruse N, Ter Horst R, Jansen A, Ricaño Ponce I, Gerretsen J, van der Hoeven J, Kumar V, Netea MG, Pickkers P, Kox M. The impact of ADRB2 polymorphisms on immune responses and norepinephrine-induced immunosuppression. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:84-92. [PMID: 36822159 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE To evaluate whether common nonsynonymous variants [single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or SNP haplotypes] in the β2-adrenergic receptor render subjects more susceptible to norepinephrine-induced immunosuppression and whether they are associated with dysregulated ex vivo and in vivo inflammatory responses. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers (main cohort: n = 106, secondary cohort: n = 408) were ex vivo stimulated with various stimuli and production of cytokines was assessed. Additionally, ex vivo modulation of cytokine production by norepinephrine was evaluated in the main cohort. Volunteers from the main cohort also underwent experimental endotoxemia (administration of 1 ng/kg lipopolysaccharide), during which in vivo plasma cytokine concentrations and clinical inflammatory parameters were measured. Subjects were genotyped, common SNPs in the ADRB2 gene were extracted (rs1042711, rs1042713, and rs1042714), and the presence of haplotypes was identified (CysGlyGln, CysArgGln, and ArgGlyGlu). RESULTS In both cohorts, presence of ADRB2 SNPs or haplotypes was not associated with altered ex vivo cytokine responses. Norepinephrine attenuated production of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-6 [-26% (-22% to -30%) and -14% (-9% to -18%), respectively, both P < 0.0001] and enhanced release of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 [+9% (+3% to +15%), P = 0.003]. These effects were not modulated by the presence of ADRB2 SNPs or haplotypes (all P values >0.37). In addition, no influence of SNPs or haplotypes on in vivo cytokine concentrations or clinical inflammatory parameters was observed (P values >0.14). CONCLUSIONS Common nonsynonymous variants in the ADRB2 gene influence neither ex vivo cytokine production or norepinephrine-mediated immunosuppression nor the systemic in vivo inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide administration in healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roeland F Stolk
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Radboud Centre for infectious diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Niklas Bruse
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Radboud Centre for infectious diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Ter Horst
- Research center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090, Austria
| | - Aron Jansen
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Radboud Centre for infectious diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Isis Ricaño Ponce
- Radboud Centre for infectious diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Gerretsen
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Radboud Centre for infectious diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes van der Hoeven
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Radboud Centre for infectious diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Radboud Centre for infectious diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands.,Nitte (deemed to be university), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Medical Sciences Complex, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Radboud Centre for infectious diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology nd Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115, Germany
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Radboud Centre for infectious diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Radboud Centre for infectious diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
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Fincham GW, Strauss C, Montero-Marin J, Cavanagh K. Effect of breathwork on stress and mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials. Sci Rep 2023; 13:432. [PMID: 36624160 PMCID: PMC9828383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Deliberate control of the breath (breathwork) has recently received an unprecedented surge in public interest and breathing techniques have therapeutic potential to improve mental health. Our meta-analysis primarily aimed to evaluate the efficacy of breathwork through examining whether, and to what extent, breathwork interventions were associated with lower levels of self-reported/subjective stress compared to non-breathwork controls. We searched PsycInfo, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and ISRCTN up to February 2022, initially identifying 1325 results. The primary outcome self-reported/subjective stress included 12 randomised-controlled trials (k = 12) with a total of 785 adult participants. Most studies were deemed as being at moderate risk of bias. The random-effects analysis yielded a significant small-to-medium mean effect size, g = - 0.35 [95% CI - 0.55, - 0.14], z = 3.32, p = 0.0009, showing breathwork was associated with lower levels of stress than control conditions. Heterogeneity was intermediate and approaching significance, χ211 = 19, p = 0.06, I2 = 42%. Meta-analyses for secondary outcomes of self-reported/subjective anxiety (k = 20) and depressive symptoms (k = 18) showed similar significant effect sizes: g = - 0.32, p < 0.0001, and g = - 0.40, p < 0.0001, respectively. Heterogeneity was moderate and significant for both. Overall, results showed that breathwork may be effective for improving stress and mental health. However, we urge caution and advocate for nuanced research approaches with low risk-of-bias study designs to avoid a miscalibration between hype and evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Strauss
- grid.12082.390000 0004 1936 7590Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK ,grid.451317.50000 0004 0489 3918Research and Development Department, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Jesus Montero-Marin
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,Teaching, Research and Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain. .,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Kate Cavanagh
- grid.12082.390000 0004 1936 7590Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK ,grid.451317.50000 0004 0489 3918Research and Development Department, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
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Spinal Cord Stimulation Attenuates Neural Remodeling, Inflammation, and Fibrosis After Myocardial Infarction. Neuromodulation 2023; 26:57-67. [PMID: 35088742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an established neuromodulation method that regulates the cardiac autonomic system. However, the biological mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of SCS after myocardial infarction (MI) remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five rabbits were divided into five groups: SCS-MI (voltage: 0.5 v; pulse width: 0.2 ms; 50 Hz; ten minutes on and 30 minutes off; two weeks; n = 5), MI (n = 5), sham SCS-MI (voltage: 0 v; two weeks; n = 5), sham MI (n = 5), and blank control (n = 5) groups. MI was induced by permanent left anterior descending artery ligation. SCS-MI and sham SCS-MI rabbits received the corresponding interventions 24 hours after MI. Autonomic remodeling was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. Inflammation and myocardial fibrosis were assessed using immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson staining, and Western blot. RESULTS SCS improved the abnormal systemic autonomic activity. Cardiac norepinephrine decreased after MI (p < 0.01) and did not improve with SCS. Cardiac acetylcholine increased with SCS compared with the MI group (p < 0.05). However, no difference was observed between the MI and blank control groups. Growth-associated protein 43 (p < 0.001) and tyrosine hydroxylase (p < 0.001) increased whereas choline acetyltransferase (p < 0.05) decreased in the MI group compared with the blank control group. These changes were attenuated with SCS. SCS inhibited inflammation, decreased the ratio of phosphorylated-Erk to Erk (p < 0.001), and increased the ratio of phosphorylated-STAT3 to STAT3 (p < 0.001) compared with the MI group. Myocardial fibrosis was also attenuated by SCS. CONCLUSIONS SCS improved abnormal autonomic activity after MI, leading to reduced inflammation, reactivation of STAT3, and inhibition of Erk. Additionally, SCS attenuated myocardial fibrosis. Our results warrant future studies of biological mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of SCS after MI.
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Neuroanatomy of the Will. NEUROSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/neurosci3040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Questions regarding the nature and source of consciousness and individual agency to make decisions have enormous practical implications that include human health and wellbeing, social policy, and economics. Ethical issues involving the ability for patients to make conscious, informed choices, such as in cases of dementia or coma, abound, and the health implications of individual choice on public wellbeing are becoming increasingly important as population densities increase. Furthermore, the use of animals for drug testing presents moral dilemmas related to our concepts of consciousness, pain, and consent. While philosophers have long debated aspects of consciousness, the means to scientifically address specific questions regarding regional and cellular functions of the brain are constantly emerging, as are new theories of physical laws and particle interactions which allow for the formation of new hypotheses of the source of consciousness. These emerging capabilities and hypotheses are increasingly able to be subjected to methodological scrutiny by the scientific community. To facilitate open discussion and advances in investigations regarding the nature of consciousness, this Topical Collection is intended to provide a peer-reviewed space to discuss or propose falsifiable hypotheses of consciousness in a full range of systems, using methods across disciplines of biology, physics, computer science, and philosophy of science that can inform such a discussion, while emphasizing the role that our conception of consciousness has on human health, society, and policy.
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Bekhbat M, Turpin RE. Sexual arousal after abuse: (Mal)adaptations of the local immune response. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 106:127-128. [PMID: 36041684 PMCID: PMC10659124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mandakh Bekhbat
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Rodman E Turpin
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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37
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Katayama PL, Leirão IP, Kanashiro A, Menani JV, Zoccal DB, Colombari DSA, Colombari E. The carotid body: A novel key player in neuroimmune interactions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033774. [PMID: 36389846 PMCID: PMC9644854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The idea that the nervous system communicates with the immune system to regulate physiological and pathological processes is not new. However, there is still much to learn about how these interactions occur under different conditions. The carotid body (CB) is a sensory organ located in the neck, classically known as the primary sensor of the oxygen (O2) levels in the organism of mammals. When the partial pressure of O2 in the arterial blood falls, the CB alerts the brain which coordinates cardiorespiratory responses to ensure adequate O2 supply to all tissues and organs in the body. A growing body of evidence, however, has demonstrated that the CB is much more than an O2 sensor. Actually, the CB is a multimodal sensor with the extraordinary ability to detect a wide diversity of circulating molecules in the arterial blood, including inflammatory mediators. In this review, we introduce the literature supporting the role of the CB as a critical component of neuroimmune interactions. Based on ours and other studies, we propose a novel neuroimmune pathway in which the CB acts as a sensor of circulating inflammatory mediators and, in conditions of systemic inflammation, recruits a sympathetic-mediated counteracting mechanism that appears to be a protective response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L. Katayama
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela P. Leirão
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Kanashiro
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José V. Menani
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel B. Zoccal
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora S. A. Colombari
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Colombari
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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38
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Kopplin CS, Rosenthal L. The positive effects of combined breathing techniques and cold exposure on perceived stress: a randomised trial. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-13. [PMID: 36248220 PMCID: PMC9540300 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A pranayama-inspired breathing technique, cold exposure, and their combined application were assessed for their potential to reduce perceived stress in adults and compared to a control group. An experiment involving four groups was conducted, yielding separate cells for breathing technique-only and cold exposure-only, as well as a combined treatment and a control group. Eighty-six individuals participated in the study. Perceived stress is measured employing the 10-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the 20-item version of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ). The instruments exhibit a substantial correlation (r = 0.842, p < 0.001). The combined group exhibited a medium to large positive effect on perceived stress compared to the control group. The breathing technique and cold exposure on their own were not found to yield substantial effects, indicating synergies between both exercises. Combinations of breathing techniques and cold exposure may be employed to decrease individuals' perceived stress.
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39
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Herzog P, Kube T, Fassbinder E. How childhood maltreatment alters perception and cognition - the predictive processing account of borderline personality disorder. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2899-2916. [PMID: 35979924 PMCID: PMC9693729 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe mental disorder, comprised of heterogeneous psychological and neurobiological pathologies. Here, we propose a predictive processing (PP) account of BPD to integrate these seemingly unrelated pathologies. In particular, we argue that the experience of childhood maltreatment, which is highly prevalent in BPD, leaves a developmental legacy with two facets: first, a coarse-grained, alexithymic model of self and others - leading to a rigidity and inflexibility concerning beliefs about self and others. Second, this developmental legacy leads to a loss of confidence or precision afforded beliefs about the consequences of social behavior. This results in an over reliance on sensory evidence and social feedback, with concomitant lability, impulsivity and hypersensitivity. In terms of PP, people with BPD show a distorted belief updating in response to new information with two opposing manifestations: rapid changes in beliefs and a lack of belief updating despite disconfirmatory evidence. This account of distorted information processing has the potential to explain both the instability (of affect, self-image, and interpersonal relationships) and the rigidity (of beliefs about self and others) which is typical of BPD. At the neurobiological level, we propose that enhanced levels of dopamine are associated with the increased integration of negative social feedback, and we also discuss the hypothesis of an impaired inhibitory control of the prefrontal cortex in the processing of negative social information. Our account may provide a new understanding not only of the clinical aspects of BPD, but also a unifying theory of the corresponding neurobiological pathologies. We conclude by outlining some directions for future research on the behavioral, neurobiological, and computational underpinnings of this model, and point to some clinical implications of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Herzog
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Niemannsweg 147, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Ostbahnstr. 10, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Tobias Kube
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Ostbahnstr. 10, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Eva Fassbinder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Niemannsweg 147, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
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Wei X, Sun W, Zhu P, Ou G, Zhang S, Li Y, Hu J, Qu X, Zhong Y, Yu W, You Z, Wang Y, Wu Y. Refined polysaccharide from Dendrobium devonianum resists H1N1 influenza viral infection in mice by activating immunity through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Front Immunol 2022; 13:999945. [PMID: 36177044 PMCID: PMC9513056 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.999945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium polysaccharide exhibits multiple biological activities, such as immune regulation, antioxidation, and antitumor. However, its resistance to viral infection by stimulating immunity is rarely reported. In this study, we explored the effect and mechanism of DVP-1, a novel polysaccharide from Dendrobium devonianum, in the activation of immunity. After being activated by DVP-1, the ability of mice to prevent H1N1 influenza virus infection was investigated. Results of immune regulation showed that DVP-1 significantly improved the immune organ index, lymphocyte proliferation, and mRNA expression level of cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α in the spleen. Immunohistochemical results showed that DVP-1 obviously promoted the mucosal immunity in the jejunum tissue. In addition, the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, and TRAF6 and the phosphorylation levels of TAK1, Erk, JNK, and NF-κB in the spleen were upregulated by DVP-1. The virus infection results showed that the weight loss of mice slowed down, the survival rate increased, the organ index of the lung reduced, and the virus content in the lung decreased after DVP-1 activated immunity. By activating immunity with DVP-1, the production of inflammatory cells and inflammatory factors in BALF, and alveolar as well as peribronchiolar inflammation could be prevented. The results manifested that DVP-1 could resist H1N1 influenza virus infection by activating immunity through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Wei
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhu
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoteng Ou
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjin Hu
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Qu
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenying Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang You
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhenqiang You, ; Yin Wang, ; Yueguo Wu,
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China,School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhenqiang You, ; Yin Wang, ; Yueguo Wu,
| | - Yueguo Wu
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China,School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhenqiang You, ; Yin Wang, ; Yueguo Wu,
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Beyond mindfulness: Arousal-driven modulation of attentional control during arousal-based practices. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 3:100053. [PMID: 36246552 PMCID: PMC9559070 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report meditative techniques, which modulate attentional control by arousal-driven influences and not by monitoring continuous thought processes as during mindfulness-related practices. We focus on Vajrayana (Tantric Buddhism) practices, during which a sequence of generation (self-visualization as a deity - Yidam) or completion with sign (inner heat -Tummo) stages necessarily precedes non-dual awareness (NDA) Tantric Mahamudra. We compared the electrocardiographic and electroencephalographic correlates of Mahamudra performed after rest (non-Tantric Mahamudra) with Mahamudra performed after Yidam (Tantric Mahamudra) in 16 highly experienced Vajrayana practitioners, 10 of whom also performed Tummo. Both Yidam and Tummo developed the state of PNS withdrawal (arousal) and phasic alertness, as reflected by HF HRV decreases and Alpha2 power increases, later neurophysiologically employed in Tantric Mahamudra. The latter led to the unique state of high cortical excitability, “non-selective” focused attention, and significantly reduced attentional control, quantified by power reductions in all frequency bands, except Theta. In contrast, similar to mindfulness-related practices, non-Tantric Mahamudra was performed in a state of PNS dominance (relaxation), tonic alertness, and active monitoring, as suggested by Alpha1 power increases and less pronounced decreases in other frequency bands. A neurobiological model of meditation is proposed, differentiating arousal-based and mindfulness-related practices. Arousal-based meditations involve the state of PNS withdrawal and phasic alertness. Top-down control during arousal-based practices is modulated by arousal. Mindfulness-based practices involve the state of PNS dominance and tonic alertness. Top-down control during mindfulness-based practices is regulated by monitoring. NDA practices aim at non-selectivity of attention and reduction of top-down control.
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Joffre J, Wong E, Lawton S, Lloyd E, Nguyen N, Xu F, Sempio C, Kobzik L, Zlatanova I, Schumacher M, Klawitter J, Su H, Rabl K, Wilhelmsen K, Yeh CC, Hellman J. N-Oleoyl dopamine induces IL-10 via central nervous system TRPV1 and improves endotoxemia and sepsis outcomes. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:118. [PMID: 35610647 PMCID: PMC9131699 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) participates in thermosensation and inflammatory pain, but its immunomodulatory mechanisms remain enigmatic. N-Oleoyl dopamine (OLDA), an endovanilloid and endocannabinoid, is a TRPV1 agonist that is produced in the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. We studied the anti-inflammatory effects and TRPV1-dependent mechanisms of OLDA in models of inflammation and sepsis. Methods Mice were challenged intratracheally or intravenously with LPS, or intratracheally with S. aureus to induce pneumonia and sepsis, and then were treated intravenously with OLDA. Endpoints included plasma cytokines, leukocyte activation marker expression, mouse sepsis scores, lung histopathology, and bacterial counts. The role of TRPV1 in the effects of OLDA was determined using Trpv1−/− mice, and mice with TRPV1 knockdown pan-neuronally, in peripheral nervous system neurons, or in myeloid cells. Circulating monocytes/macrophages were depleted using clodronate to determine their role in the anti-inflammatory effects of OLDA in endotoxemic mice. Levels of exogenous OLDA, and of endovanilloids and endocannabinoids, at baseline and in endotoxemic mice, were determined by LC–MS/MS. Results OLDA administration caused an early anti-inflammatory response in endotoxemic and septic mice with high serum levels of IL-10 and decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. OLDA also reduced lung injury and improved mouse sepsis scores. Blood and lung bacterial counts were comparable between OLDA- and carrier-treated mice with S. aureus pneumonia. OLDA’s effects were reversed in mice with pan-neuronal TRPV1 knockdown, but not with TRPV1 knockdown in peripheral nervous system neurons or myeloid cells. Depletion of monocytes/macrophages reversed the IL-10 upregulation by OLDA in endotoxemic mice. Brain and blood levels of endovanilloids and endocannabinoids were increased in endotoxemic mice. Conclusions OLDA has strong anti-inflammatory actions in mice with endotoxemia or S. aureus pneumonia. Prior studies focused on the role of peripheral nervous system TRPV1 in modulating inflammation and pneumonia. Our results suggest that TRPV1-expressing central nervous system neurons also regulate inflammatory responses to endotoxemia and infection. Our study reveals a neuro-immune reflex that during acute inflammation is engaged proximally by OLDA acting on neuronal TRPV1, and through a multicellular network that requires circulating monocytes/macrophages, leads to the systemic production of IL-10. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02485-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Joffre
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Erika Wong
- Pediatric Critical Care Division UCSF Benioff Children's Hospitals, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Samira Lawton
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Elliot Lloyd
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Nina Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Fengyun Xu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Cristina Sempio
- Institute of Cognitive Science, CU Boulder, iC42 Integrated Solutions in Systems Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ivana Zlatanova
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Mark Schumacher
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Division of Pain Medicine, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jost Klawitter
- Institute of Cognitive Science, CU Boulder, iC42 Integrated Solutions in Systems Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Katalin Rabl
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Kevin Wilhelmsen
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Che-Chung Yeh
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Zwaag J, Naaktgeboren R, van Herwaarden AE, Pickkers P, Kox M. The Effects of Cold Exposure Training and a Breathing Exercise on the Inflammatory Response in Humans: A Pilot Study. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:457-467. [PMID: 35213875 PMCID: PMC9071023 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously showed that a training intervention comprising a combination of meditation, exposure to cold, and breathing exercises enables voluntary activation of the sympathetic nervous system, reflected by profoundly increased plasma epinephrine levels, and subsequent attenuation of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response. Several elements of the intervention may contribute to these effects, namely, two different breathing exercises (either with or without prolonged breath retention) and exposure to cold. We determined the contribution of these different elements to the observed effects. METHODS Forty healthy male volunteers were randomized to either a short or an extensive training in both breathing exercises by either the creator of the training intervention or an independent trainer. The primary outcome was plasma epinephrine levels. In a subsequent study, 48 healthy male volunteers were randomized to cold exposure training, training in the established optimal breathing exercise, a combination of both, or no training. These 48 participants were subsequently intravenously challenged with 2 ng/kg LPS. The primary outcome was plasma cytokine levels. RESULTS Both breathing exercises were associated with an increase in plasma epinephrine levels, which did not vary as a function of length of training or the trainer (F(4,152) = 0.53, p = .71, and F(4,152) = 0.92, p = .46, respectively). In the second study, the breathing exercise also resulted in increased plasma epinephrine levels. Cold exposure training alone did not relevantly modulate the LPS-induced inflammatory response (F(8,37) = 0.60, p = .77), whereas the breathing exercise led to significantly enhanced anti-inflammatory and attenuated proinflammatory cytokine levels (F(8,37) = 3.80, p = .002). Cold exposure training significantly enhanced the immunomodulatory effects of the breathing exercise (F(8,37) = 2.57, p = .02). CONCLUSIONS The combination of cold exposure training and a breathing exercise most potently attenuates the in vivo inflammatory response in healthy young males. Our study demonstrates that the immunomodulatory effects of the intervention can be reproduced in a standardized manner, thereby paving the way for clinical trials.Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT02417155 and NCT03240497.
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Katayama PL, Leirão IP, Kanashiro A, Luiz JPM, Cunha FQ, Navegantes LCC, Menani JV, Zoccal DB, Colombari DSA, Colombari E. The carotid body detects circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha to activate a sympathetic anti-inflammatory reflex. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 102:370-386. [PMID: 35339628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has suggested that the carotid bodies might act as immunological sensors, detecting pro-inflammatory mediators and signalling to the central nervous system, which, in turn, orchestrates autonomic responses. Here, we confirmed that the TNF-α receptor type I is expressed in the carotid bodies of rats. The systemic administration of TNF-α increased carotid body afferent discharge and activated glutamatergic neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) that project to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), where many pre-sympathetic neurons reside. The activation of these neurons was accompanied by an increase in splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity. Carotid body ablation blunted the TNF-α-induced activation of RVLM-projecting NTS neurons and the increase in splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity. Finally, plasma and spleen levels of cytokines after TNF-α administration were higher in rats subjected to either carotid body ablation or splanchnic sympathetic denervation. Collectively, our findings indicate that the carotid body detects circulating TNF-α to activate a counteracting sympathetic anti-inflammatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Katayama
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Isabela P Leirão
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Kanashiro
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João P M Luiz
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz C C Navegantes
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose V Menani
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel B Zoccal
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora S A Colombari
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Colombari
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Straat ME, Martinez-Tellez B, Janssen LG, van Veen S, van Eenige R, Kharagjitsing AV, van den Berg SA, de Rijke YB, Haks MC, Rensen PC, Boon MR. The effect of cold exposure on circulating transcript levels of immune genes in Dutch South Asian and Dutch Europid men. J Therm Biol 2022; 107:103259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Petraskova Touskova T, Bob P, Bares Z, Vanickova Z, Nyvlt D, Raboch J. A novel Wim Hof psychophysiological training program to reduce stress responses during an Antarctic expedition. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221089883. [PMID: 35437052 PMCID: PMC9021496 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221089883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this prospective observational study was to investigate the effects of a novel Wim Hof psychophysiological training program on stress responses and hormone release in healthy participants during an Antarctic expedition. Methods All members of an Antarctic expedition were included in the study. The participants were healthy volunteers allocated to an intervention group (n = 6) and a control group (n = 7). The intervention consisted of 8 weeks of Wim Hof training. The training program comprised three integrated parts: breathing exercises, cold exposure and meditation. Psychometric measures (the Beck Depression Inventory and the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40) and neuroendocrine measures (cortisol, melatonin) were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results The results showed that the 8-week training program significantly reduced stress responses, as indicated by a reduction in depressive symptoms. A non-significant reduction in cortisol was also observed. Conclusions These data constitute preliminary findings indicating that the Wim Hof Method may positively affect stress symptoms and adaptability of the hormonal system to respond adequately to the circadian rhythm in healthy volunteers who participated in an Antarctic expedition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Petraskova Touskova
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Research of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry and UHSL, First Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bob
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Research of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry and UHSL, First Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Bares
- Czech Antarctic Research Programme, Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdislava Vanickova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Nyvlt
- Czech Antarctic Research Programme, Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Raboch
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Research of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry and UHSL, First Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Marko D, Bahenský P, Bunc V, Grosicki GJ, Vondrasek JD. Does Wim Hof Method Improve Breathing Economy during Exercise? J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082218. [PMID: 35456308 PMCID: PMC9028328 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Breathing economy during endurance sports plays a major role in performance. Poor breathing economy is mainly characterized by excessive breathing frequency (BF) and low tidal volume (VT) due to shallow breathing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a 4 week intervention based on the Wim Hof breathing method (WHBM) would improve breathing economy during exercise in adolescent runners. (2) Methods: 19 adolescent (16.6 ± 1.53 years) middle- and long-distance runners (11 boys and 8 girls) participated in the study. Participants were randomly divided into experimental (n = 11) and control groups (n = 8). The study was set in the transition period between competitive race seasons and both groups had a similar training program in terms of running volume and intensity over the course of the study. The experimental group performed breathing exercises every day (~20 min/day) for 4 weeks. The control group did not perform any kind of breathing exercise. The breathing exercises consisted of three sets of controlled hyperventilation and consecutive maximum breath holds. Before and after the intervention, participants performed incremental cycle ergometer testing sessions consisting of two minute stages at 1, 2, 3, and 4 W·kg−1 with breath-by-breath metabolic analysis. During the testing sessions, BF, VT, and minute ventilation (VE) were assessed and compared. (3) Results: There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in BF, VT, or VE between experimental and control groups before or after the intervention. A nonsignificant small-to-large effect for an increase in VE and BF in both groups following the 4 week intervention period was observed, possibly due to a reduction in training volume and intensity owing to the down period between competitive seasons. (4) Conclusions: The 4 week intervention of WHBM did not appear to alter parameters of breathing economy during a maximal graded exercise test in adolescent runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Marko
- Sports Motor Skills Laboratory, Faculty of Sports, Physical Training and Education, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Petr Bahenský
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia, 371 15 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +42-038-777-3171
| | - Václav Bunc
- Sports Motor Skills Laboratory, Faculty of Sports, Physical Training and Education, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Gregory J. Grosicki
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, GA 31419, USA; (G.J.G.); (J.D.V.)
| | - Joseph D. Vondrasek
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, GA 31419, USA; (G.J.G.); (J.D.V.)
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Bellocchi C, Carandina A, Montinaro B, Targetti E, Furlan L, Rodrigues GD, Tobaldini E, Montano N. The Interplay between Autonomic Nervous System and Inflammation across Systemic Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052449. [PMID: 35269591 PMCID: PMC8910153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the immune system are deeply interrelated. The ANS regulates both innate and adaptive immunity through the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, and an imbalance in this system can determine an altered inflammatory response as typically observed in chronic conditions such as systemic autoimmune diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis all show a dysfunction of the ANS that is mutually related to the increase in inflammation and cardiovascular risk. Moreover, an interaction between ANS and the gut microbiota has direct effects on inflammation homeostasis. Recently vagal stimulation techniques have emerged as an unprecedented possibility to reduce ANS dysfunction, especially in chronic diseases characterized by pain and a decreased quality of life as well as in chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bellocchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (B.M.); (E.T.); (L.F.); (E.T.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (N.M.)
| | - Angelica Carandina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (B.M.); (E.T.); (L.F.); (E.T.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Montinaro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (B.M.); (E.T.); (L.F.); (E.T.)
| | - Elena Targetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (B.M.); (E.T.); (L.F.); (E.T.)
| | - Ludovico Furlan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (B.M.); (E.T.); (L.F.); (E.T.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gabriel Dias Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Eleonora Tobaldini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (B.M.); (E.T.); (L.F.); (E.T.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Nicola Montano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (B.M.); (E.T.); (L.F.); (E.T.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (N.M.)
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Sukul P, Bartels J, Fuchs P, Trefz P, Remy R, Rührmund L, Kamysek S, Schubert JK, Miekisch W. Effects of COVID-19 protective face-masks and wearing durations onto respiratory-haemodynamic physiology and exhaled breath constituents. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:13993003.00009-2022. [PMID: 35169028 PMCID: PMC9492982 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00009-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background While assumed to protect against coronavirus transmission, face masks may have effects on respiratory–haemodynamic parameters. Within this pilot study, we investigated immediate and progressive effects of FFP2 and surgical masks on exhaled breath constituents and physiological attributes in 30 adults at rest. Methods We continuously monitored exhaled breath profiles within mask space in older (age 60–80 years) and young to middle-aged (age 20–59 years) adults over the period of 15 and 30 min by high-resolution real-time mass-spectrometry. Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and respiratory and haemodynamic parameters were measured (noninvasively) simultaneously. Results Profound, consistent and significant (p≤0.001) changes in SpO2 (≥60_FFP2-15 min: 5.8±1.3%↓, ≥60_surgical-15 min: 3.6±0.9%↓, <60_FFP2-30 min: 1.9±1.0%↓, <60_surgical-30 min: 0.9±0.6%↓) and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PETCO2) (≥60_FFP2-15 min: 19.1±8.0%↑, ≥60_surgical-15 min: 11.6±7.6%↑, <60_FFP2- 30 min: 12.1±4.5%↑, <60_surgical- 30 min: 9.3±4.1%↑) indicate ascending deoxygenation and hypercarbia. Secondary changes (p≤0.005) to haemodynamic parameters (e.g. mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥60_FFP2-15 min: 9.8±10.4%↑) were found. Exhalation of bloodborne volatile metabolites, e.g. aldehydes, hemiterpene, organosulfur, short-chain fatty acids, alcohols, ketone, aromatics, nitrile and monoterpene mirrored behaviour of cardiac output, MAP, SpO2, respiratory rate and PETCO2. Exhaled humidity (e.g. ≥60_FFP2-15 min: 7.1±5.8%↑) and exhaled oxygen (e.g. ≥60_FFP2-15 min: 6.1±10.0%↓) changed significantly (p≤0.005) over time. Conclusions Breathomics allows unique physiometabolic insights into immediate and transient effects of face mask wearing. Physiological parameters and breath profiles of endogenous and/or exogenous volatile metabolites indicated putative cross-talk between transient hypoxaemia, oxidative stress, hypercarbia, vasoconstriction, altered systemic microbial activity, energy homeostasis, compartmental storage and washout. FFP2 masks had a more pronounced effect than surgical masks. Older adults were more vulnerable to FFP2 mask-induced hypercarbia, arterial oxygen decline, blood pressure fluctuations and concomitant physiological and metabolic effects. While assumed to protect against SARS-CoV-2 transmission, face masks cause various physiometabolic side-effects and changes in exhaled VOC profiles. Effects are more pronounced in FFP2 masks and are profound at age ≥60 years.https://bit.ly/33fzOMA
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Sukul
- Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Dept. of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Julia Bartels
- Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Dept. of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Patricia Fuchs
- Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Dept. of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Phillip Trefz
- Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Dept. of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rasmus Remy
- Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Dept. of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Leo Rührmund
- Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Dept. of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Svend Kamysek
- Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Dept. of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jochen K Schubert
- Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Dept. of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfram Miekisch
- Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Dept. of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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50
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Mueller B, Figueroa A, Robinson-Papp J. Structural and functional connections between the autonomic nervous system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and the immune system: a context and time dependent stress response network. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:951-960. [PMID: 35034231 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and immune system are connected anatomically and functionally. These three systems coordinate the central and peripheral response to perceived and systemic stress signals. Both the parasympathetic and sympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system rapidly respond to stress signals, while the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune system have delayed but prolonged actions. In vitro, animal, and human studies have demonstrated consistent anti-inflammatory effects of parasympathetic activity. In contrast, sympathetic activity exerts context-dependent effects on immune signaling and has been associated with both increased and decreased inflammation. The location of sympathetic action, adrenergic receptor subtype, and timing of activity in relation to disease progression all influence the ultimate impact on immune signaling. This article reviews the brain circuitry, peripheral connections, and chemical messengers that enable communication between the ANS, HPA axis, and immune system. We describe findings of in vitro and animal studies that challenge the immune system with lipopolysaccharide. Next, neuroimmune connections in animal models of chronic inflammatory disease are reviewed. Finally, we discuss how a greater understanding of the ANS-HPA-immune network may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies that are focused on modulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Mueller
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5 East 98th Street, Box 1139, New York City, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Alex Figueroa
- University of Texas at Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Robinson-Papp
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5 East 98th Street, Box 1139, New York City, NY, 10029, USA
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