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Gowda D, Masum MA, B Gowda SG, Shekhar C, Rubel MZU, Kira S, Ichii O, Kon Y, Chiba H, Hui SP. Lipidomic study of kidney in a mouse model with urine flow obstruction. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18042. [PMID: 39098953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Obstructed urine flow is known to cause structural and functional kidney damage leading to renal fibrosis. However, limited information is available on the change in kidney lipids during urinary tract obstruction. In this study, we investigated the change in lipidome in a mouse model with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The establishment of the UUO model was confirmed by histopathological examination using transmission electron microscopy. Untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was carried out over a time course of 4 and 7 days. Compared to the sham control, the UUO kidney at 7 days showed dilatation of the renal tubule with loss of brush borders and thickening of the capillary endothelium. In the kidney lipidomes obtained from the UUO 7 days group compared to the control, a significant decrease of ceramide, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, lysophospholipids, and phosphatidylethanolamine was observed, whereas cholesteryl esters, free fatty acids, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipins were significantly increased. The present study revealed the disturbed lipid metabolism in the UUO model, which may provide a clue to potential lipid pathways and therapeutic targets for the early stage of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyavani Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Md Abdul Masum
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
- Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0809, Japan
| | - Chandra Shekhar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
- Departments of Physiology, Medicine, Molecular Biology Immunology and Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Md Zahir Uddin Rubel
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shunnosuke Kira
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
- Laboratory of Agrobiomedical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0809, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Nakanuma, Nishi-4-3-1-15, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, 007-0894, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
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2
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Tabe S, Hikiji H, Hashidate-Yoshida T, Shindou H, Shimizu T, Tominaga K. The role of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 in osteoblastic differentiation of C2C12 cells. FEBS Open Bio 2024. [PMID: 39075841 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycerophospholipids, a primary component of cellular membranes, play important structural and functional roles in cells. In the remodelling pathway (Lands' cycle), the concerted actions of phospholipase As and lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) contribute to the incorporation of diverse fatty acids in glycerophospholipids in an asymmetric manner, which differ between cell types. In this study, the role of LPLATs in osteoblastic differentiation of C2C12 cells was investigated. Gene and protein expression levels of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 (LPCAT2), one of the LPLATs, increased during osteoblastic differentiation in C2C12 cells. LPCAT2 knockdown in C2C12 cells downregulated the expression of osteoblastic differentiation markers and the number and size of lipid droplets (LDs) and suppressed the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/9. In addition, LPCAT2 knockdown inhibited Snail1 and the downstream target of Runx2 and vitamin D receptor (VDR). These results suggest that LPCAT2 modulates osteoblastic differentiation in C2C12 cells through the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/Smad signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirou Tabe
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Science of Physical Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu-shi, Japan
| | - Hisako Hikiji
- School of Oral Health Sciences, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu-shi, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hashidate-Yoshida
- Department of Lipid Life Science, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Life Science, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
- Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Medical Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), AMED, Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Life Science, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
- Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tominaga
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Science of Physical Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu-shi, Japan
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3
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Bai Y, Nan Y, Wu T, Zhu A, Xie X, Sun Y, Deng Y, Dou Z, Hu X, Zhou R, Xu S, Zhang Y, Fan J, Ju D. Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 Against Rubicon Ameliorates NAFLD by Modulating CD36 Along with Glycerophospholipid Metabolism. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400493. [PMID: 38894572 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prominent cause of various chronic metabolic hepatic diseases with limited therapeutics. Rubicon, an essential regulator in lysosomal degradation, is reported to exacerbate hepatic steatosis in NAFLD mice and patients, indicating its probability of being a therapeutic target for NAFLD treatment. In this study, the therapeutic potential of Rubicon blockage is investigated. Lipid nanoparticles carrying Rubicon-specific CRISPR-Cas9 components exhibited liver accumulation, cell internalization, and Rubicon knockdown. A single administration of the nanoparticles results in attenuated lipid deposition and hepatic steatosis, with lower circulating lipid levels and decreased adipocyte size in NAFLD mice. Furthermore, the increase of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine levels can be observed in the NAFLD mice livers after Rubicon silencing, along with regulatory effects on metabolism-related genes such as CD36, Gpcpd1, Chka, and Lpin2. The results indicate that knockdown of Rubicon improves glycerophospholipid metabolism and thereby ameliorates the NAFLD progression, which provides a potential strategy for NAFLD therapy via the restoration of Rubicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanyang Nan
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - An Zhu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xinlei Xie
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201321, P. R. China
| | - Yong Deng
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201321, P. R. China
| | - Zihan Dou
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhi Hu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Rongrui Zhou
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shuwen Xu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
- Shanghai Hailu Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201200, P. R. China
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
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4
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Wang K, Xu H, Zou R, Zeng G, Yuan Y, Zhu X, Zhao X, Li J, Zhang L. PCYT1A deficiency disturbs fatty acid metabolism and induces ferroptosis in the mouse retina. BMC Biol 2024; 22:134. [PMID: 38858683 PMCID: PMC11165903 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a group of debilitating visual disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration of photoreceptors, which ultimately lead to blindness. Among the causes of this condition, mutations in the PCYT1A gene, which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for phosphatidylcholine (PC) de novo synthesis via the Kennedy pathway, have been identified. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the association between PCYT1A mutations and IRDs remain unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we focused on elucidating the functions of PCYT1A in the retina. RESULTS We found that PCYT1A is highly expressed in Müller glial (MG) cells in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the retina. Subsequently, we generated a retina-specific knockout mouse model in which the Pcyt1a gene was targeted (Pcyt1a-RKO or RKO mice) to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying IRDs caused by PCYT1A mutations. Our findings revealed that the deletion of Pcyt1a resulted in retinal degenerative phenotypes, including reduced scotopic electroretinogram (ERG) responses and progressive degeneration of photoreceptor cells, accompanied by loss of cells in the INL. Furthermore, through proteomic and bioinformatic analyses, we identified dysregulated retinal fatty acid metabolism and activation of the ferroptosis signalling pathway in RKO mice. Importantly, we found that PCYT1A deficiency did not lead to an overall reduction in PC synthesis within the retina. Instead, this deficiency appeared to disrupt free fatty acid metabolism and ultimately trigger ferroptosis. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a novel mechanism by which mutations in PCYT1A contribute to the development of IRDs, shedding light on the interplay between fatty acid metabolism and retinal degenerative diseases, and provides new insights into the treatment of IRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifang Wang
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Huijuan Xu
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Rong Zou
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangqun Zeng
- The People's Hospital of Pengzhou, Chengdu, 611930, Sichuan, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Medical Center Hospital of Qionglai City, Chengdu, 611530, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- The People's Hospital of Pengzhou, Chengdu, 611930, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jie Li
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China.
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
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5
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Song Q, Zhao Z, Liu H, Zhang J, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Ma G, Ge S. Pseudotargeted lipidomics analysis of scoparone on glycerophospholipid metabolism in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis mice by LC-MRM-MS. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17380. [PMID: 38799063 PMCID: PMC11122033 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
As the inflammatory subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with disorders of glycerophospholipid metabolism. Scoparone is the major bioactive component in Artemisia capillaris which has been widely used to treat NASH in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the underlying mechanisms of scoparone against NASH are not yet fully understood, which hinders the development of effective therapeutic agents for NASH. Given the crucial role of glycerophospholipid metabolism in NASH progression, this study aimed to characterize the differential expression of glycerophospholipids that is responsible for scoparone's pharmacological effects and assess its efficacy against NASH. Liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (LC-MRM-MS) was performed to get the concentrations of glycerophospholipids, clarify mechanisms of disease, and highlight insights into drug discovery. Additionally, pathologic findings also presented consistent changes in high-fat diet-induced NASH model, and after scoparone treatment, both the levels of glycerophospholipids and histopathology were similar to normal levels, indicating a beneficial effect during the observation time. Altogether, these results refined the insights on the mechanisms of scoparone against NASH and suggested a route to relieve NASH with glycerophospholipid metabolism. In addition, the current work demonstrated that a pseudotargeted lipidomic platform provided a novel insight into the potential mechanism of scoparone action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Song
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Hu Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jinling Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public HealthPublic Health, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yunqi Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Guowei Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Shaoqin Ge
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University of Technology, Baoding, Hebei, China
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6
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Agarwal AK, Garg A. Phospholipid biosynthetic pathways and lipodystrophies: a novel syndrome due to PLAAT3 deficiency. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:128-129. [PMID: 38191657 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Agarwal
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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7
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Chai C, Chen L, Deng MG, Liang Y, Liu F, Nie JQ. Dietary choline intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in U.S. adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:1160-1166. [PMID: 37634048 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether there is an association between dietary choline intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in American adults remains unclear. METHODS Data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018. Choline intake was defined by the mean amounts of two 24 h dietary recalls, and choline intake was categorized into three groups according to the quartiles: inadequate ( P75). Hepatic steatosis was assessed with FibroScan®, in which VCTE was employed with controlled attenuation to derive the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), and NAFLD was defined as a CAP score ≥285 dB/m. Multivariable linear regression was performed to assess the linear relationship between choline intake and CAP. Multivariable logistics regression models were conducted to assess the association between choline intake status and NAFLD in the final sample and subgroup analysis was then performed in men and women. RESULTS The amount of dietary choline was inversely associated with CAP score (β = -0.262, 95% CI: -0.280, -0.245). Compared to inadequate choline intake, optimal choline intake was related to a lower risk of NAFLD (OR: 0.705, 95% CI: 0.704-0.706) in the final sample. Subgroup analysis by gender revealed that the highest choline intake status was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD both in females (OR: 0.764, 95% CI: 0.762-0.766), and males (OR: 0.955, 95% CI: 0.953-0.958) when compared to the lowest choline intake. CONCLUSIONS With the latest NHANES data, we found that higher dietary choline was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD in American adults, and such a relationship exists in both females and males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chai
- Emergency Center, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Emergency Department, Xiantao First People's Hospital Affiliated to Changjiang University, Xiantao, China
| | - Ming-Gang Deng
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yuehui Liang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jia-Qi Nie
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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8
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Schuermans N, El Chehadeh S, Hemelsoet D, Gautheron J, Vantyghem MC, Nouioua S, Tazir M, Vigouroux C, Auclair M, Bogaert E, Dufour S, Okawa F, Hilbert P, Van Doninck N, Taquet MC, Rosseel T, De Clercq G, Debackere E, Van Haverbeke C, Cherif FR, Urtizberea JA, Chanson JB, Funalot B, Authier FJ, Kaya S, Terryn W, Callens S, Depypere B, Van Dorpe J, Poppe B, Impens F, Mizushima N, Depienne C, Jéru I, Dermaut B. Loss of phospholipase PLAAT3 causes a mixed lipodystrophic and neurological syndrome due to impaired PPARγ signaling. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1929-1940. [PMID: 37919452 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase A/acyltransferase 3 (PLAAT3) is a phospholipid-modifying enzyme predominantly expressed in neural and white adipose tissue (WAT). It is a potential drug target for metabolic syndrome, as Plaat3 deficiency in mice protects against diet-induced obesity. We identified seven patients from four unrelated consanguineous families, with homozygous loss-of-function variants in PLAAT3, who presented with a lipodystrophy syndrome with loss of fat varying from partial to generalized and associated with metabolic complications, as well as variable neurological features including demyelinating neuropathy and intellectual disability. Multi-omics analysis of mouse Plaat3-/- and patient-derived WAT showed enrichment of arachidonic acid-containing membrane phospholipids and a strong decrease in the signaling of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), the master regulator of adipocyte differentiation. Accordingly, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated PLAAT3 inactivation in human adipose stem cells induced insulin resistance, altered adipocyte differentiation with decreased lipid droplet formation and reduced the expression of adipogenic and mature adipocyte markers, including PPARγ. These findings establish PLAAT3 deficiency as a hereditary lipodystrophy syndrome with neurological manifestations, caused by a PPARγ-dependent defect in WAT differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Schuermans
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Salima El Chehadeh
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS-UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, UMRS_1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Université de Strasbourg et INSERM, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Jérémie Gautheron
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Vantyghem
- Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism Department, National Competence Centre for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- University of Lille, INSERM U1190, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Sonia Nouioua
- Department of Neurology of the EHS of Cherchell, University Centre of Blida, Tipaza, Algeria
- NeuroSciences Research Laboratory, University of Algiers Benyoucef Benkhedda, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Meriem Tazir
- NeuroSciences Research Laboratory, University of Algiers Benyoucef Benkhedda, Algiers, Algeria
- Department of Neurology, CHU Algiers (Mustapha Pacha Hospital), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, National Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Endocrinology, and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Paris, France
| | - Martine Auclair
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, National Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Endocrinology, and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Paris, France
| | - Elke Bogaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Dufour
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fumiya Okawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Pascale Hilbert
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Pathology and Genetics, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Nike Van Doninck
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, General Hospital VITAZ, Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
| | - Marie-Caroline Taquet
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nutrition, Hopitaux Universitaires Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Toon Rosseel
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet De Clercq
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elke Debackere
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ferroudja Ramdane Cherif
- Department of Neurology of the EHS of Cherchell, University Centre of Blida, Tipaza, Algeria
- NeuroSciences Research Laboratory, University of Algiers Benyoucef Benkhedda, Algiers, Algeria
| | | | - Jean-Baptiste Chanson
- Service de Neurologie et Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire Nord/Est/Ile de France, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Benoit Funalot
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
- INSERM UMR955, Team Relaix, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil, France
| | - François-Jérôme Authier
- INSERM UMR955, Team Relaix, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil, France
- Centre Expert de Pathologie Neuromusculaire/Histologie, Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Sabine Kaya
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wim Terryn
- Department of Nephrology, Jan Yperman Hospital, Ieper, Belgium
| | - Steven Callens
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bernard Depypere
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Dorpe
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruce Poppe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francis Impens
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Christel Depienne
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS-UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Jéru
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Department of Medical Genetics, DMU BioGeM, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Bart Dermaut
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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9
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Musso G, Saba F, Cassader M, Gambino R. Lipidomics in pathogenesis, progression and treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): Recent advances. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101238. [PMID: 37244504 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease affecting up to 30% of the general adult population. NAFLD encompasses a histological spectrum ranging from pure steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH can progress to cirrhosis and is becoming the most common indication for liver transplantation, as a result of increasing disease prevalence and of the absence of approved treatments. Lipidomic readouts of liver blood and urine samples from experimental models and from NASH patients disclosed an abnormal lipid composition and metabolism. Collectively, these changes impair organelle function and promote cell damage, necro-inflammation and fibrosis, a condition termed lipotoxicity. We will discuss the lipid species and metabolic pathways leading to NASH development and progression to cirrhosis, as well as and those species that can contribute to inflammation resolution and fibrosis regression. We will also focus on emerging lipid-based therapeutic opportunities, including specialized proresolving lipid molecules and macrovesicles contributing to cell-to-cell communication and NASH pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Musso
- Dept of Emergency Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesca Saba
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cassader
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambino
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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10
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Uehara K, Santoleri D, Whitlock AEG, Titchenell PM. Insulin Regulation of Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4785-4809. [PMID: 37358513 PMCID: PMC10760932 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity, insulin resistance, and type II diabetes (T2DM) continues to rise worldwide. The liver is a central insulin-responsive metabolic organ that governs whole-body metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, defining the mechanisms underlying insulin action in the liver is essential to our understanding of the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. During periods of fasting, the liver catabolizes fatty acids and stored glycogen to meet the metabolic demands of the body. In postprandial conditions, insulin signals to the liver to store excess nutrients into triglycerides, cholesterol, and glycogen. In insulin-resistant states, such as T2DM, hepatic insulin signaling continues to promote lipid synthesis but fails to suppress glucose production, leading to hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia. Insulin resistance is associated with the development of metabolic disorders such as cardiovascular and kidney disease, atherosclerosis, stroke, and cancer. Of note, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a spectrum of diseases encompassing fatty liver, inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, is linked to abnormalities in insulin-mediated lipid metabolism. Therefore, understanding the role of insulin signaling under normal and pathologic states may provide insights into preventative and therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Here, we provide a review of the field of hepatic insulin signaling and lipid regulation, including providing historical context, detailed molecular mechanisms, and address gaps in our understanding of hepatic lipid regulation and the derangements under insulin-resistant conditions. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4785-4809, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahealani Uehara
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dominic Santoleri
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna E. Garcia Whitlock
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul M. Titchenell
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Wu HC, Hsieh YR, Wang W, Chang CW, Chang IW, Chen CL, Chang CC, Chang CH, Kao WY, Huang SY. Potential Hepatic Lipid Markers Associated with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis in Morbid Obesity Patients. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113730. [PMID: 37297926 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated differences in lipidomic profile features in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) between mild and significant liver fibrosis cases among patients with morbid obesity. Wedge liver biopsy was performed during sleeve gastrectomy and significant liver fibrosis was defined as a fibrosis score ≥ 2. We selected patients with NASH with non/mild fibrosis (stage F0-F1; n = 30) and NASH with significant fibrosis (stage F2-F4; n = 30). The results of the liver tissue lipidomic analysis revealed that the fold changes of triglyceride (TG) (52:6); cholesterol ester (CE) (20:1); phosphatidylcholine (PC) (38:0) and (50:8); phosphatidic acid (PA) (40:4); phosphatidylinositol (PI) (49:4); phosphatidylglycerol (PG) (40:2); and sphingomyelin (SM) (35:0) and (37:0) were significantly lower in patients with NASH with F2-F4 than those with NASH with F0-F1 (p < 0.05). However, the fold changes of PC (42:4) were relatively higher in patients with NASH with stage 2-4 fibrosis (p < 0.05). Moreover, predictive models incorporating serum markers levels, ultrasonographic studies, and levels of specific lipid components [PC (42:4) and PG (40:2)] yielded the highest area under receiver operating curve (0.941), suggesting a potential correlation between NASH fibrosis stages and liver lipid accumulation among specific lipid species subclasses. This study demonstrated that the concentrations of particular lipid species in the liver correlate with NASH fibrosis stages and may indicate hepatic steatosis regression or progression in patients with morbid obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Chien Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ru Hsieh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Weu Wang
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 247202, USA
| | - I-Wei Chang
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chao Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Chang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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12
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Wang Z, Yang M, Yang Y, He Y, Qian H. Structural basis for catalysis of human choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase 1. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2529. [PMID: 37137909 PMCID: PMC10156783 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are two primary components of the eukaryotic membrane and play essential roles in the maintenance of membrane integrity, lipid droplet biogenesis, autophagosome formation, and lipoprotein formation and secretion. Choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase 1 (CEPT1) catalyzes the last step of the biosynthesis of PC and PE in the Kennedy pathway by transferring the substituted phosphate group from CDP-choline/ethanolamine to diacylglycerol. Here, we present the cryo-EM structures of human CEPT1 and its complex with CDP-choline at resolutions of 3.7 Å and 3.8 Å, respectively. CEPT1 is a dimer with 10 transmembrane segments (TMs) in each protomer. TMs 1-6 constitute a conserved catalytic domain with an interior hydrophobic chamber accommodating a PC-like density. Structural observations and biochemical characterizations suggest that the hydrophobic chamber coordinates the acyl tails during the catalytic process. The PC-like density disappears in the structure of the complex with CDP-choline, suggesting a potential substrate-triggered product release mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Meng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Yufan Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Yonglin He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Hongwu Qian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
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13
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Zhu J, Meng W, Man Lam S, Shui G, Huang X. Phosphatidylcholine deficiency increases ferroptosis susceptibility in the C. elegans germline. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:318-329. [PMID: 36933794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a regulated and iron-dependent form of cell death characterized by peroxidation of membrane phospholipids, has tremendous potential for the therapy of human diseases. The causal link between phospholipid homeostasis and ferroptosis is incompletely understood. Here, we reveal that spin-4, a previously identified regulator of the "B12-one-carbon cycle-phosphatidylcholine (PC)" pathway, sustains germline development and fertility by ensuring PC sufficiency in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Mechanistically, SPIN-4 regulates lysosomal activity which is required for B12-associated PC synthesis. PC deficiency-induced sterility can be rescued by reducing the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), reactive oxygen species (ROS) , and redox-active iron, which indicates that the sterility is mediated by germline ferroptosis. These results highlight the critical role of PC homeostasis in ferroptosis susceptibility and offer a new target for pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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14
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Tsuchiya M, Tachibana N, Nagao K, Tamura T, Hamachi I. Organelle-selective click labeling coupled with flow cytometry allows pooled CRISPR screening of genes involved in phosphatidylcholine metabolism. Cell Metab 2023:S1550-4131(23)00050-5. [PMID: 36917984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Cellular lipid synthesis and transport are governed by intricate protein networks. Although genetic screening should contribute to deciphering the regulatory networks of lipid metabolism, technical challenges remain-especially for high-throughput readouts of lipid phenotypes. Here, we coupled organelle-selective click labeling of phosphatidylcholine (PC) with flow cytometry-based CRISPR screening technologies to convert organellar PC phenotypes into a simple fluorescence readout for genome-wide screening. This technique, named O-ClickFC, was successfully applied in genome-scale CRISPR-knockout screens to identify previously reported genes associated with PC synthesis (PCYT1A, ACACA), vesicular membrane trafficking (SEC23B, RAB5C), and non-vesicular transport (PITPNB, STARD7). Moreover, we revealed previously uncharacterized roles of FLVCR1 as a choline uptake facilitator, CHEK1 as a post-translational regulator of the PC-synthetic pathway, and CDC50A as responsible for the translocation of PC to the outside of the plasma membrane bilayer. These findings demonstrate the versatility of O-ClickFC as an unprecedented platform for genetic dissection of cellular lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Tsuchiya
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; PRESTO (Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology), JST, Sanbancho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Tachibana
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; PRESTO (Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology), JST, Sanbancho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Nagao
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasaginakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Tomonori Tamura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; ERATO (Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology), JST, Sanbancho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan.
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15
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Bai Z, Huang X, Wu G, Zhou Y, Deng X, Yang J, Yin J, Nie S. Hepatic metabolism-related effects of polysaccharides from red kidney bean and small black soybean on type 2 diabetes. Food Chem 2023; 403:134334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Clinical Spectrum of LMNA-Associated Type 2 Familial Partial Lipodystrophy: A Systematic Review. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050725. [PMID: 36899861 PMCID: PMC10000975 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD2) is a laminopathic lipodystrophy due to pathogenic variants in the LMNA gene. Its rarity implies that it is not well-known. The aim of this review was to explore the published data regarding the clinical characterisation of this syndrome in order to better describe FPLD2. For this purpose, a systematic review through a search on PubMed until December 2022 was conducted and the references of the retrieved articles were also screened. A total of 113 articles were included. FPLD2 is characterised by the loss of fat starting around puberty in women, affecting limbs and trunk, and its accumulation in the face, neck and abdominal viscera. This adipose tissue dysfunction conditions the development of metabolic complications associated with insulin resistance, such as diabetes, dyslipidaemia, fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and reproductive disorders. However, a great degree of phenotypical variability has been described. Therapeutic approaches are directed towards the associated comorbidities, and recent treatment modalities have been explored. A comprehensive comparison between FPLD2 and other FPLD subtypes can also be found in the present review. This review aimed to contribute towards augmenting knowledge of the natural history of FPLD2 by bringing together the main clinical research in this field.
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17
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Ludwig-Peisker O, Ansel E, Schweizer D, Jagannathan V, Loechel R, Leeb T. PCYT1A Missense Variant in Vizslas with Disproportionate Dwarfism. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122354. [PMID: 36553621 PMCID: PMC9777673 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Disproportionate dwarfism phenotypes represent a heterogeneous subset of skeletal dysplasias and have been described in many species including humans and dogs. In this study, we investigated Vizsla dogs that were affected by disproportionate dwarfism that we propose to designate as skeletal dysplasia 3 (SD3). The most striking skeletal changes comprised a marked shortening and deformation of the humerus and femur. An extended pedigree with six affected dogs suggested autosomal recessive inheritance. Combined linkage and homozygosity mapping localized a potential genetic defect to a ~4 Mb interval on chromosome 33. We sequenced the genome of an affected dog, and comparison with 926 control genomes revealed a single, private protein-changing variant in the critical interval, PCYT1A:XM_038583131.1:c.673T>C, predicted to cause an exchange of a highly conserved amino acid, XP_038439059.1:p.(Y225H). We observed perfect co-segregation of the genotypes with the phenotype in the studied family. When genotyping additional Vizslas, we encountered a single dog with disproportionate dwarfism that did not carry the mutant PCYT1A allele, which we hypothesize was due to heterogeneity. In the remaining 130 dogs, we observed perfect genotype-phenotype association, and none of the unaffected dogs were homozygous for the mutant PCYT1A allele. PCYT1A loss-of-function variants cause spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with cone-rod dystrophy (SMD-CRD) in humans. The skeletal changes in Vizslas were comparable to human patients. So far, no ocular phenotype has been recognized in dwarf Vizslas. We propose the PCYT1A missense variant as a candidate causative variant for SD3. Our data facilitate genetic testing of Vizslas to prevent the unintentional breeding of further affected puppies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odette Ludwig-Peisker
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emily Ansel
- BluePearl Pet Hospital, Raleigh, NC 27616, USA
| | - Daniela Schweizer
- Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-31-684-23-26
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18
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Garg A, Keng WT, Chen Z, Sathe AA, Xing C, Kailasam PD, Shao Y, Lesner NP, Llamas CB, Agarwal AK, Mishra P. Autosomal recessive progeroid syndrome due to homozygosity for a TOMM7 variant. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e156864. [PMID: 36282599 PMCID: PMC9711873 DOI: 10.1172/jci156864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple genetic loci have been reported for progeroid syndromes. However, the molecular defects in some extremely rare forms of progeria have yet to be elucidated. Here, we report a 21-year-old man of Chinese ancestry who has an autosomal recessive form of progeria, characterized by severe dwarfism, mandibular hypoplasia, hyperopia, and partial lipodystrophy. Analyses of exome sequencing data from the entire family revealed only 1 rare homozygous missense variant (c.86C>T; p.Pro29Leu) in TOMM7 in the proband, while the parents and 2 unaffected siblings were heterozygous for the variant. TOMM7, a nuclear gene, encodes a translocase in the outer mitochondrial membrane. The TOMM complex makes up the outer membrane pore, which is responsible for importing many preproteins into the mitochondria. A proteomic comparison of mitochondria from control and proband-derived cultured fibroblasts revealed an increase in abundance of several proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation, as well as a reduction in abundance of proteins involved in phospholipid metabolism. We also observed elevated basal and maximal oxygen consumption rates in the fibroblasts from the proband as compared with control fibroblasts. We concluded that altered mitochondrial protein import due to biallelic loss-of-function TOMM7 can cause severe growth retardation and progeroid features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu Garg
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Wee-Teik Keng
- Medical Genetics Department, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Chao Xing
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, and
- Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Yanqiu Shao
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, and
| | | | | | - Anil K. Agarwal
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Genetic or acquired lipodystrophies are characterized by selective loss of body fat along with predisposition towards metabolic complications of insulin resistance, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic steatosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and acanthosis nigricans. In this review, we discuss the various subtypes and when to suspect and how to diagnose lipodystrophy. RECENT FINDINGS The four major subtypes are autosomal recessive, congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL); acquired generalized lipodystrophy (AGL), mostly an autoimmune disorder; autosomal dominant or recessive familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD); and acquired partial lipodystrophy (APL), an autoimmune disorder. Diagnosis of lipodystrophy is mainly based upon physical examination findings of loss of body fat and can be supported by body composition analysis by skinfold measurements, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and whole-body magnetic resonance imaging. Confirmatory genetic testing is helpful in the proband and at-risk family members with suspected genetic lipodystrophies. The treatment is directed towards the specific comorbidities and metabolic complications, and there is no treatment to reverse body fat loss. Metreleptin should be considered as the first-line therapy for metabolic complications in patients with generalized lipodystrophy and for prevention of comorbidities in children. Metformin and insulin therapy are the best options for treating hyperglycemia and fibrates and/or fish oil for hypertriglyceridemia. Lipodystrophy should be suspected in lean and muscular subjects presenting with diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome, or amenorrhea. Diabetologists should be aware of lipodystrophies and consider genetic varieties as an important subtype of monogenic diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Patni
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-8537, USA.
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20
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Identification of two pathways mediating protein targeting from ER to lipid droplets. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1364-1377. [PMID: 36050470 PMCID: PMC9481466 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00974-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pathways localizing proteins to their sites of action are essential for eukaryotic cell organization and function. Although mechanisms of protein targeting to many organelles have been defined, how proteins, such as metabolic enzymes, target from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to cellular lipid droplets (LDs) is poorly understood. Here we identify two distinct pathways for ER-to-LD protein targeting: early targeting at LD formation sites during formation, and late targeting to mature LDs after their formation. Using systematic, unbiased approaches in Drosophila cells, we identified specific membrane-fusion machinery, including regulators, a tether and SNARE proteins, that are required for the late targeting pathway. Components of this fusion machinery localize to LD–ER interfaces and organize at ER exit sites. We identified multiple cargoes for early and late ER-to-LD targeting pathways. Our findings provide a model for how proteins target to LDs from the ER either during LD formation or by protein-catalysed formation of membrane bridges. Song et al. identify two protein-targeting pathways from the endoplasmic reticulum to (1) early lipid droplets (LDs) and (2) mature lipid droplets. They define key factors mediating the second, late pathway and its many cargoes.
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21
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Stoica C, Ferreira AK, Hannan K, Bakovic M. Bilayer Forming Phospholipids as Targets for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095266. [PMID: 35563655 PMCID: PMC9100777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids represent a crucial component for the structure of cell membranes. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine are two phospholipids that comprise the majority of cell membranes. De novo biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine occurs via the Kennedy pathway, and perturbations in the regulation of this pathway are linked to a variety of human diseases, including cancer. Altered phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine membrane content, phospholipid metabolite levels, and fatty acid profiles are frequently identified as hallmarks of cancer development and progression. This review summarizes the research on how phospholipid metabolism changes over oncogenic transformation, and how phospholipid profiling can differentiate between human cancer and healthy tissues, with a focus on colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. The potential for phospholipids to serve as biomarkers for diagnostics, or as anticancer therapy targets, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Stoica
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (C.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Adilson Kleber Ferreira
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
- Department of Oncology, Alchemypet—Veterinary Dignostic Medicine, São Paulo 05024-000, Brazil
| | - Kayleigh Hannan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (C.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Marica Bakovic
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (C.S.); (K.H.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Zhou M, Cheng C, Han Y, Niu M, Huang Y, He X, Liu Y, Xiao X, Wang J, Ma Z. 自身免疫性肝炎、原发性胆汁性胆管炎及其重叠综合征的临床代谢组学表征及区分. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Iqbal J, Jiang HL, Wu HX, Li L, Zhou YH, Hu N, Xiao F, Wang T, Xu SN, Zhou HD. Hereditary severe insulin resistance syndrome: Pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and clinical management. Genes Dis 2022. [PMID: 37492723 PMCID: PMC10363564 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe insulin resistance has been linked to some of the most globally prevalent disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and hypertension. Hereditary severe insulin resistance syndrome (H-SIRS) is a rare disorder classified into four principal categories: primary insulin receptor defects, lipodystrophies, complex syndromes, and obesity-related H-SIRS. Genes such as INSR, AKT2, TBC1D4, AGPAT2, BSCL2, CAV1, PTRF, LMNA, PPARG, PLIN1, CIDEC, LIPE, PCYT1A, MC4R, LEP, POMC, SH2B1, RECQL2, RECQL3, ALMS1, PCNT, ZMPSTE24, PIK3R1, and POLD1 have been linked to H-SIRS. Its clinical features include insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperandrogenism, severe dyslipidemia, fatty liver, abnormal topography of adipose tissue, and low serum leptin and adiponectin levels. Diagnosis of H-SIRS is based on the presence of typical clinical features associated with the various H-SIRS forms and the identification of mutations in H-SIRS-linked genes by genetic testing. Diet therapy, insulin sensitization, exogenous insulin therapy, and leptin replacement therapy have widely been adopted to manage H-SIRS. The rarity of H-SIRS, its highly variable clinical presentation, refusal to be tested for genetic mutations by patients' family members who are not severely sick, unavailability of genetic testing, and testing expenses contribute to the delayed or underdiagnoses of H-SIRS. Early diagnosis facilitates early management of the condition, which results in improved glycemic control and delayed onset of diabetes and other complications related to severe insulin resistance. The use of updated genetic sequencing technologies is recommended, and long-term studies are required for genotype-phenotype differentiation and formulation of diagnostic and treatment protocols.
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24
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Feng Z, Zhong Y, He G, Sun H, Chen Y, Zhou W, Lin S. Yeast culture improved the growth performance, liver function, intestinal barrier and microbiota of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed high-starch diet. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:706-715. [PMID: 34954371 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of yeast culture on the growth, health and microflora of the juvenile largemouth bass fed high-starch diet. The experiment set three isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, control (high-starch diet), HSY1 (high-starch diet with 1% yeast culture) and HSY3 (high-starch diet with 3% yeast culture). A feeding trial was conducted in largemouth bass juveniles for 8 weeks. The results indicated fish fed with 3% yeast culture not only could improve specific growth rate (SGR), but also significantly decreased hepatic lipid content, hepatic glycogen content, and hepatopancreas somatic index (HSI) compared with the control group (p<0.05). The total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities of HSY3 group significantly increased while malondialdehyde (MDA) content significantly reduced in liver compared with the control group (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the mRNA expression levels of hepatic Sod and Cat were up-regulated (p<0.05), and liver metabolism showed 111 metabolites were significantly changed in HSY3 group, liver lipid metabolism pathway remarkably changed. Besides, the intestinal anti-inflammatory cytokines were significantly up-regulated, and the pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly down-regulated as the inclusion of yeast culture (p<0.05). Notably, HSY3 group diet up-regulated the expression of Zo-1, Claudin and Occludin in intestine compared with the other groups (p<0.05). Serum d-lactate (D-lac), diamine oxidase (DAO) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) decreased significantly with the inclusion of yeast culture (p<0.05). Furthermore, the abundance of probiotics (such as Lactobacillus, Bacillus and Bifidobacterium) increased significantly, and the abundance of intestinal potential pathogenic bacteria (Plesiomonas) decreased in HSY3 group (p<0.05). The phenotypic analysis showed that gram-negative bacteria significantly decreased while gram-positive bacteria increased in HSY3 group (p<0.05). All in all, this study revealed that supplementation of 3% yeast culture can improve the growth performance and the health of juvenile largemouth bass, and has the potential to be used as an effective synbiotics for M. salmoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuandong Feng
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Yunfei Zhong
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Guanglun He
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Beijing Enhalor Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Shimei Lin
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
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25
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Olarte MJ, Swanson JMJ, Walther TC, Farese RV. The CYTOLD and ERTOLD pathways for lipid droplet-protein targeting. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:39-51. [PMID: 34583871 PMCID: PMC8688270 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are the main organelles for lipid storage, and their surfaces contain unique proteins with diverse functions, including those that facilitate the deposition and mobilization of LD lipids. Among organelles, LDs have an unusual structure with an organic, hydrophobic oil phase covered by a phospholipid monolayer. The unique properties of LD monolayer surfaces require proteins to localize to LDs by distinct mechanisms. Here we review the two pathways known to mediate direct LD protein localization: the CYTOLD pathway mediates protein targeting from the cytosol toLDs, and the ERTOLD pathway functions in protein targeting from the endoplasmic reticulum toLDs. We describe the emerging principles for each targeting pathway in animal cells and highlight open questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Jesus Olarte
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Tobias C Walther
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02124, USA.
| | - Robert V Farese
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02124, USA.
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26
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Fernández-Pombo A, Sánchez-Iglesias S, Cobelo-Gómez S, Hermida-Ameijeiras Á, Araújo-Vilar D. Familial partial lipodystrophy syndromes. Presse Med 2021; 50:104071. [PMID: 34610417 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2021.104071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophies are a heterogeneous group of rare conditions characterised by the loss of adipose tissue. The most common forms are the familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) syndromes, which include a set of disorders, usually autosomal dominant, due to different pathogenetic mechanisms leading to improper fat distribution (loss of fat in the limbs and gluteal region and variable regional fat accumulation). Affected patients are prone to suffering serious morbidity via the development of metabolic complications associated to insulin resistance and an inability to properly store lipids. Although no well-defined diagnostic criteria have been established for lipodystrophy, there are certain clues related to medical history, physical examination and body composition evaluation that may suggest FPLD prior to confirmatory genetic analysis. Its treatment must be fundamentally oriented towards the control of the metabolic abnormalities. In this sense, metreleptin therapy, the newer classes of hypoglycaemic agents and other investigational drugs are showing promising results. This review aims to summarise the current knowledge of FPLD syndromes and to describe their clinical and molecular picture, diagnostic approaches and recent treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antía Fernández-Pombo
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology of Rare Diseases Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Sofía Sánchez-Iglesias
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology of Rare Diseases Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Silvia Cobelo-Gómez
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology of Rare Diseases Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Álvaro Hermida-Ameijeiras
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology of Rare Diseases Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Division of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - David Araújo-Vilar
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology of Rare Diseases Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain.
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27
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Jéru I. Genetics of lipodystrophy syndromes. Presse Med 2021; 50:104074. [PMID: 34562561 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2021.104074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophic syndromes (LS) constitute a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by a loss of adipose tissue. These syndromes are usually associated with metabolic complications, which are determinant for morbidity and mortality. The classical forms of LS include partial, generalized, and progeroid lipodystrophies. They are usually due to defects in proteins playing a key role in adipogenesis and adipocyte functions. More recently, systemic disorders combining lipodystrophy and multiple organ dysfunction have been described, including autoinflammatory syndromes, mitochondrial disorders, as well as other complex entities. To date, more than thirty genes have been implicated in the monogenic forms of LS, but the majority of them remain genetically-unexplained. The associated pathophysiological mechanisms also remain to be clarified in many instances. Next generation sequencing-based approaches allow simultaneous testing of multiple genes and have become crucial to speed up the identification of new disease-causing genes. The challenge for geneticists is now the interpretation of the amount of available genetic data, generated especially by exome and whole-genome sequencing. International recommendations on the interpretation and classification of variants have been set up and are regularly reassessed. Very close collaboration between geneticists, clinicians, and researchers will be necessary to make rapid progress in understanding the molecular and cellular basis of these diseases, and to promote personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Jéru
- Laboratoire commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris 75012, France.
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28
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Goh YQ, Cheam G, Wang Y. Understanding Choline Bioavailability and Utilization: First Step Toward Personalizing Choline Nutrition. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10774-10789. [PMID: 34392687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Choline is an essential macronutrient involved in neurotransmitter synthesis, cell-membrane signaling, lipid transport, and methyl-group metabolism. Nevertheless, the vast majority are not meeting the recommended intake requirement. Choline deficiency is linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, skeletal muscle atrophy, and neurodegenerative diseases. The conversion of dietary choline to trimethylamine by gut microbiota is known for its association with atherosclerosis and may contribute to choline deficiency. Choline-utilizing bacteria constitutes less than 1% of the gut community and is modulated by lifestyle interventions such as dietary patterns, antibiotics, and probiotics. In addition, choline utilization is also affected by genetic factors, further complicating the impact of choline on health. This review overviews the complex interplay between dietary intakes of choline, gut microbiota and genetic factors, and the subsequent impact on health. Understanding of gut microbiota metabolism of choline substrates and interindividual variability is warranted in the development of personalized choline nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qi Goh
- Singapore Phenome Center, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921
| | - Guoxiang Cheam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Yulan Wang
- Singapore Phenome Center, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921
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29
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Generalized lipoatrophy syndromes. Presse Med 2021; 50:104075. [PMID: 34562560 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2021.104075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Generalized lipodystrophy (GL) syndromes are a group of rare heterogenous disorders, characterized by total subcutaneous fat loss. The frequency of GL is currently assessed as approximately 0,23 cases per million of the population, in Europe - as 0,96 cases per million of the population. They can be congenital (CGL) or acquired (AGL) depending on the etiology and the time of the onset of fat loss. Both CGL and AGL are often associated with different metabolic complications, such as hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance and lipoatrophic diabetes mellitus, metabolically associated FLD, arterial hypertension, proteinuria, reproductive system disorders. In this review we aimed to summarize the information on all forms of generalized lipodystrophy, especially the ones of genetic etiology, their clinical manifestations and complications, the perspectives for diagnostics, treatment and further research.
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30
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Brito MDF, Torre C, Silva-Lima B. Scientific Advances in Diabetes: The Impact of the Innovative Medicines Initiative. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:688438. [PMID: 34295913 PMCID: PMC8290522 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.688438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is one of the World Health Organization's priority diseases under research by the first and second programmes of Innovative Medicines Initiative, with the acronyms IMI1 and IMI2, respectively. Up to October of 2019, 13 projects were funded by IMI for Diabetes & Metabolic disorders, namely SUMMIT, IMIDIA, DIRECT, StemBANCC, EMIF, EBiSC, INNODIA, RHAPSODY, BEAT-DKD, LITMUS, Hypo-RESOLVE, IM2PACT, and CARDIATEAM. In general, a total of €447 249 438 was spent by IMI in the area of Diabetes. In order to prompt a better integration of achievements between the different projects, we perform a literature review and used three data sources, namely the official project's websites, the contact with the project's coordinators and co-coordinator, and the CORDIS database. From the 662 citations identified, 185 were included. The data collected were integrated into the objectives proposed for the four IMI2 program research axes: (1) target and biomarker identification, (2) innovative clinical trials paradigms, (3) innovative medicines, and (4) patient-tailored adherence programmes. The IMI funded projects identified new biomarkers, medical and research tools, determinants of inter-individual variability, relevant pathways, clinical trial designs, clinical endpoints, therapeutic targets and concepts, pharmacologic agents, large-scale production strategies, and patient-centered predictive models for diabetes and its complications. Taking into account the scientific data produced, we provided a joint vision with strategies for integrating personalized medicine into healthcare practice. The major limitations of this article were the large gap of data in the libraries on the official project websites and even the Cordis database was not complete and up to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Torre
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical & Regulatory Science-Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Silva-Lima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical & Regulatory Science-Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
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31
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Xiao C, Rossignol F, Vaz FM, Ferreira CR. Inherited disorders of complex lipid metabolism: A clinical review. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:809-825. [PMID: 33594685 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over 80 human diseases have been attributed to defects in complex lipid metabolism. A majority of them have been reported recently in the setting of rapid advances in genomic technology and their increased use in clinical settings. Lipids are ubiquitous in human biology and play roles in many cellular and intercellular processes. While inborn errors in lipid metabolism can affect every organ system with many examples of genetic heterogeneity and pleiotropy, the clinical manifestations of many of these disorders can be explained based on the disruption of the metabolic pathway involved. In this review, we will discuss the physiological function of major pathways in complex lipid metabolism, including nonlysosomal sphingolipid metabolism, acylceramide metabolism, de novo phospholipid synthesis, phospholipid remodeling, phosphatidylinositol metabolism, mitochondrial cardiolipin synthesis and remodeling, and ether lipid metabolism as well as common clinical phenotypes associated with each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changrui Xiao
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Francis Rossignol
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos R Ferreira
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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32
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Chen SS, Huang Y, Guo YM, Li SS, Shi Z, Niu M, Zou ZS, Xiao XH, Wang JB. Serum Metabolomic Analysis of Chronic Drug-Induced Liver Injury With or Without Cirrhosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:640799. [PMID: 33855035 PMCID: PMC8039323 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.640799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) occurs in up to 20% of all DILI patients. It presents a chronic pattern with persistent or relapsed episodes and may even progress to cirrhosis. However, its underlying development mechanism is poorly understood. Aims: To find serum metabolite signatures of chronic DILI with or without cirrhosis, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Methods: Untargeted metabolomics coupled with pattern recognition approaches were used to profile and extract metabolite signatures from 83 chronic DILI patients, including 58 non-cirrhosis (NC) cases, 14 compensated cirrhosis (CC) cases, and 11 decompensated cirrhosis (DC) cases. Results: Of the 269 annotated metabolites associated with chronic DILI, metabolic fingerprints associated with cirrhosis (including 30 metabolites) and decompensation (including 25 metabolites), were identified. There was a significantly positive correlation between cirrhosis-associated fingerprint (eigenmetabolite) and the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) (r = 0.315, P = 0.003). The efficacy of cirrhosis-associated eigenmetabolite coupled with APRI to identify cirrhosis from non-cirrhosis patients was significantly better than APRI alone [area under the curve (AUC) value 0.914 vs. 0.573]. The decompensation-associated fingerprint (eigenmetabolite) can effectively identify the compensation and decompensation periods (AUC value 0.954). The results of the metabolic fingerprint pathway analysis suggest that the blocked tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and intermediary metabolism, excessive accumulation of bile acids, and perturbed amino acid metabolism are potential mechanisms in the occurrence and development of chronic DILI-associated cirrhosis. Conclusions: The metabolomic fingerprints characterize different stages of chronic DILI progression and deepen the understanding of the metabolic reprogramming mechanism of chronic DILI progression to cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Shuai Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Liver Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ming Guo
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Shi
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Niu
- Department of Poisoning Treatment, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Sheng Zou
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-He Xiao
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Bo Wang
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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33
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Sienski G, Narayan P, Bonner JM, Kory N, Boland S, Arczewska AA, Ralvenius WT, Akay L, Lockshin E, He L, Milo B, Graziosi A, Baru V, Lewis CA, Kellis M, Sabatini DM, Tsai LH, Lindquist S. APOE4 disrupts intracellular lipid homeostasis in human iPSC-derived glia. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eaaz4564. [PMID: 33658354 PMCID: PMC8218593 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz4564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The E4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) has been established as a genetic risk factor for many diseases including cardiovascular diseases and Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. APOE is a lipid transport protein, and the dysregulation of lipids has recently emerged as a key feature of several neurodegenerative diseases including AD. However, it is unclear how APOE4 perturbs the intracellular lipid state. Here, we report that APOE4, but not APOE3, disrupted the cellular lipidomes of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes generated from fibroblasts of APOE4 or APOE3 carriers, and of yeast expressing human APOE isoforms. We combined lipidomics and unbiased genome-wide screens in yeast with functional and genetic characterization to demonstrate that human APOE4 induced altered lipid homeostasis. These changes resulted in increased unsaturation of fatty acids and accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets both in yeast and in APOE4-expressing human iPSC-derived astrocytes. We then identified genetic and chemical modulators of this lipid disruption. We showed that supplementation of the culture medium with choline (a soluble phospholipid precursor) restored the cellular lipidome to its basal state in APOE4-expressing human iPSC-derived astrocytes and in yeast expressing human APOE4 Our study illuminates key molecular disruptions in lipid metabolism that may contribute to the disease risk linked to the APOE4 genotype. Our study suggests that manipulating lipid metabolism could be a therapeutic approach to help alleviate the consequences of carrying the APOE4 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Sienski
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Priyanka Narayan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Julia Maeve Bonner
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nora Kory
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sebastian Boland
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aleksandra A Arczewska
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - William T Ralvenius
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Leyla Akay
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elana Lockshin
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Liang He
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Blerta Milo
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Agnese Graziosi
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Valeriya Baru
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Caroline A Lewis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David M Sabatini
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Susan Lindquist
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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34
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Lim K, Haider A, Adams C, Sleigh A, Savage DB. Lipodistrophy: a paradigm for understanding the consequences of "overloading" adipose tissue. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:907-993. [PMID: 33356916 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00032.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophies have been recognized since at least the nineteenth century and, despite their rarity, tended to attract considerable medical attention because of the severity and somewhat paradoxical nature of the associated metabolic disease that so closely mimics that of obesity. Within the last 20 yr most of the monogenic subtypes have been characterized, facilitating family genetic screening and earlier disease detection as well as providing important insights into adipocyte biology and the systemic consequences of impaired adipocyte function. Even more recently, compelling genetic studies have suggested that subtle partial lipodystrophy is likely to be a major factor in prevalent insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), justifying the longstanding interest in these disorders. This progress has also underpinned novel approaches to treatment that, in at least some patients, can be of considerable therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koini Lim
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Afreen Haider
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Adams
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Sleigh
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David B Savage
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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35
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Wu X, Zhang Y, Qiu J, Xu Y, Zhang J, Huang J, Bai J, Huang Z, Qiu X, Xu W. Lipidomics Analysis Indicates Disturbed Hepatocellular Lipid Metabolism in Reynoutria multiflora-Induced Idiosyncratic Liver Injury. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:569144. [PMID: 33408629 PMCID: PMC7779765 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.569144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The root of Reynoutria multiflora (Thunb.) Moldenke (syn.: Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., HSW) is a distinguished herb that has been popularly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Evidence of its potential side effect on liver injury has accumulated and received much attention. The objective of this study was to profile the metabolic characteristics of lipids in injured liver of rats induced by HSW and to find out potential lipid biomarkers of toxic consequence. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat model of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI) was constructed and evident liver injury caused by HSW was confirmed based on the combination of biochemical, morphological, and functional tests. A lipidomics method was developed for the first time to investigate the alteration of lipid metabolism in HSW-induced IDILI rat liver by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/Q-exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry coupled with multivariate analysis. A total of 202 characterized lipids, including phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylinositol (PI), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphoglycerols (PG), and ceramide (Cer), were compared among groups of LPS and LPS + HSW. A total of 14 out 26 LPC, 22 out of 47 PC, 19 out of 29 LPE, 16 out of 36 PE, and 10 out of 15 PI species were increased in HSW-treated rat liver, which indicated that HSW may cause liver damage via interfering the phospholipid metabolism. The present work may assist lipid biomarker development of HSW-induced DILI and it also provide new insights into the relationships between phospholipid perturbation and herbal-induced idiosyncratic DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yating Zhang
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Qiu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Xu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Huang
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqi Bai
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Xu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Guangzhou, China
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36
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Tavasoli M, Lahire S, Reid T, Brodovsky M, McMaster CR. Genetic diseases of the Kennedy pathways for membrane synthesis. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17877-17886. [PMID: 33454021 PMCID: PMC7762932 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.013529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The two branches of the Kennedy pathways (CDP-choline and CDP-ethanolamine) are the predominant pathways responsible for the synthesis of the most abundant phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, respectively, in mammalian membranes. Recently, hereditary diseases associated with single gene mutations in the Kennedy pathways have been identified. Interestingly, genetic diseases within the same pathway vary greatly, ranging from muscular dystrophy to spastic paraplegia to a childhood blinding disorder to bone deformations. Indeed, different point mutations in the same gene (PCYT1; CCTα) result in at least three distinct diseases. In this review, we will summarize and review the genetic diseases associated with mutations in genes of the Kennedy pathway for phospholipid synthesis. These single-gene disorders provide insight, indeed direct genotype-phenotype relationships, into the biological functions of specific enzymes of the Kennedy pathway. We discuss potential mechanisms of how mutations within the same pathway can cause disparate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Tavasoli
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sarah Lahire
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Taryn Reid
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Maren Brodovsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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37
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Knebel B, Müller-Wieland D, Kotzka J. Lipodystrophies-Disorders of the Fatty Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228778. [PMID: 33233602 PMCID: PMC7699751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophies are a heterogeneous group of physiological changes characterized by a selective loss of fatty tissue. Here, no fat cells are present, either through lack of differentiation, loss of function or premature apoptosis. As a consequence, lipids can only be stored ectopically in non-adipocytes with the major health consequences as fatty liver and insulin resistance. This is a crucial difference to being slim where the fat cells are present and store lipids if needed. A simple clinical classification of lipodystrophies is based on congenital vs. acquired and generalized vs. partial disturbance of fat distribution. Complications in patients with lipodystrophy depend on the clinical manifestations. For example, in diabetes mellitus microangiopathic complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy may develop. In addition, due to ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver, fatty liver hepatitis may also develop, possibly with cirrhosis. The consequences of extreme hypertriglyceridemia are typically acute pancreatitis or eruptive xanthomas. The combination of severe hyperglycemia with dyslipidemia and signs of insulin resistance can lead to premature atherosclerosis with its associated complications of coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular changes. Overall, lipodystrophy is rare with an estimated incidence for congenital (<1/1.000.000) and acquired (1-9/100.000) forms. Due to the rarity of the syndrome and the phenotypic range of metabolic complications, only studies with limited patient numbers can be considered. Experimental animal models are therefore useful to understand the molecular mechanisms in lipodystrophy and to identify possible therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Knebel
- German Diabetes-Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Müller-Wieland
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Jorg Kotzka
- German Diabetes-Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-221-3382537
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38
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Chen X, Zhu Y, Jijiwa M, Nasu M, Ai J, Dai S, Jiang B, Zhang J, Huang G, Deng Y. Identification of plasma lipid species as promising diagnostic markers for prostate cancer. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2020; 20:223. [PMID: 32967667 PMCID: PMC7513490 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-020-01242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a very common and highly fatal in men. Current non-invasive detection methods like serum biomarker are unsatisfactory. Biomarkers with high accuracy for diagnostic of prostate cancer are urgently needed. Many lipid species have been found related to various cancers. The purpose of our study is to explore the diagnostic value of lipids for prostate cancer. RESULTS Using triple quadruple liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, we performed lipidomics profiling of 367 lipids on a total 114 plasma samples from 30 patients with prostate cancer, 38 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 46 male healthy controls to evaluate the lipids as potential biomarkers in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database was used to construct the potential mechanism pathway. After statistical analysis, five lipids were identified as a panel of potential biomarkers for the detection of prostate cancer between prostate cancer group and the BPH group; the sensitivity, specificity, and area under curve (AUC) of the combination of these five lipids were 73.3, 81.6%, and 0.800, respectively. We also identified another panel of five lipids in distinguishing between prostate cancer group and the control group with predictive values of sensitivity at 76.7%, specificity at 80.4%, and AUC at 0.836, respectively. The glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway of the selected lipids was considered as the target pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that the identified plasma lipid biomarkers have potential in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Chen
- Medical Science Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi China
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
- National Medical Centre of Colorectal Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Mayumi Jijiwa
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Masaki Nasu
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Junmei Ai
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Shengming Dai
- Medical Science Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi China
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Bin Jiang
- National Medical Centre of Colorectal Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jicai Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, College of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000 P. R. China
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 P. R. China
| | - Youping Deng
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI USA
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39
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Cornell RB. Membrane Lipids Assist Catalysis by CTP: Phosphocholine Cytidylyltransferase. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5023-5042. [PMID: 32234309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While most of the articles in this issue review the workings of integral membrane enzymes, in this review, we describe the catalytic mechanism of an enzyme that contains a soluble catalytic domain but appears to catalyze its reaction on the membrane surface, anchored and assisted by a separate regulatory amphipathic helical domain and inter-domain linker. Membrane partitioning of CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT), a key regulatory enzyme of phosphatidylcholine metabolism, is regulated chiefly by changes in membrane phospholipid composition, and boosts the enzyme's catalytic efficiency >200-fold. Catalytic enhancement by membrane binding involves the displacement of an auto-inhibitory helix from the active site entrance-way and promotion of a new conformational ensemble for the inter-domain, allosteric linker that has an active role in the catalytic cycle. We describe the evidence for close contact between membrane lipid, a compact allosteric linker, and the CCT active site, and discuss potential ways that this interaction enhances catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary B Cornell
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A-1S6.
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40
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Yu J, Wu C, Wu Q, Huang J, Fu W, Xie X, Li W, Tang W, Xu C, Jin G. PCYT1A suppresses proliferation and migration via inhibiting mTORC1 pathway in lung adenocarcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:353-361. [PMID: 32703435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of most common malignant cancer worldwide. It is emerging that PCYT1A, a rate-limiting enzyme required for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, is associated with cancer progression. However, the biological functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of PCYT1A in lung adenocarcinoma is still unknown. Here we found that PCYT1A suppressed lung adenocarcinoma cancer cell proliferation and migration. Mechanically, PCYT1A served as a novel negative regulator of mTORC1 signaling. PCYT1A knockdown enhanced the malignant proliferation and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells by activating mTORC1. The promoting effects of PCYT1A silencing on cell proliferation and migration could be abolished when mTORC1 signaling was inhibited by rapamycin or RAPTOR depletion. Importantly, PCYT1A high expression predicted longer survival of lung cancer patients. The expression of PCYT1A was also negatively correlated with mTORC1 activation in the clinical lung cancer samples. We therefore reveal that PCYT1A suppresses proliferation and migration by inhibiting the mTORC1 signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma. PCYT1A shows as a potential promising biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), And Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Changtao Wu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), And Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), And Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiafeng Huang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), And Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjuan Fu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), And Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Xie
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
| | - Wen Li
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610047, China
| | - Weizhong Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610047, China.
| | - Guoxiang Jin
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), And Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.
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41
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O’Dwyer C, Yaworski R, Katsumura S, Ghorbani P, Gobeil Odai K, Nunes JR, LeBlond ND, Sanjana S, Smith TT, Han S, Margison KD, Alain T, Morita M, Fullerton MD. Hepatic Choline Transport Is Inhibited During Fatty Acid-Induced Lipotoxicity and Obesity. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:876-889. [PMID: 32490323 PMCID: PMC7262319 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline is an essential nutrient and a critical component of the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylcholine (PC), the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, while also contributing to the methylation pathway. In the liver specifically, PC is the major membrane constituent and can be synthesized by the cytidine diphosphate-choline or the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase pathway. With the continuing global rise in the rates of obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, we sought to explore how excess fatty acids on primary hepatocytes and diet-induced obesity affect choline uptake and metabolism. Our results demonstrate that hepatocytes chronically treated with palmitate, but not oleate or a mixture, had decreased choline uptake, which was associated with lower choline incorporation into PC and lower expression of choline transport proteins. Interestingly, a reduction in the rate of degradation spared PC levels in response to palmitate when compared with control. The effects of palmitate treatment were independent of endoplasmic reticulum stress, which counterintuitively augmented choline transport and transporter expression. In a model of obesity-induced hepatic steatosis, male mice fed a 60% high-fat diet for 10 weeks had significantly diminished hepatic choline uptake compared with lean mice fed a control diet. Although the transcript and protein expression of various choline metabolic enzymes fluctuated slightly, we observed reduced protein expression of choline transporter-like 1 (CTL1) in the liver of mice fed a high-fat diet. Polysome profile analyses revealed that in livers of obese mice, the CTL1 transcript, despite being more abundant, was translated to a lesser extent compared with lean controls. Finally, human liver cells demonstrated a similar response to palmitate treatment. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the altered fatty acid milieu seen in obesity-induced fatty liver disease progression may adversely affect choline metabolism, potentially through CTL1, but that compensatory mechanisms work to maintain phospholipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor O’Dwyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Rebecca Yaworski
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Sakie Katsumura
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX
| | - Peyman Ghorbani
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Kaelan Gobeil Odai
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Julia R.C. Nunes
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Nicholas D. LeBlond
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Sabrin Sanjana
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Tyler T.K. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Shauna Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Kaitlyn D. Margison
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Tommy Alain
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaONCanada
| | - Masahiro Morita
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX
- Institute of Resource Development and AnalysisKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Morgan D. Fullerton
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
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Andrejeva G, Gowan S, Lin G, Wong Te Fong ACLF, Shamsaei E, Parkes HG, Mui J, Raynaud FI, Asad Y, Vizcay-Barrena G, Nikitorowicz-Buniak J, Valenti M, Howell L, Fleck RA, Martin LA, Kirkin V, Leach MO, Chung YL. De novo phosphatidylcholine synthesis is required for autophagosome membrane formation and maintenance during autophagy. Autophagy 2020; 16:1044-1060. [PMID: 31517566 PMCID: PMC7469489 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1659608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy can enable cancer cells to withstand cellular stress and maintain bioenergetic homeostasis by sequestering cellular components into newly formed double-membrane vesicles destined for lysosomal degradation, potentially affecting the efficacy of anti-cancer treatments. Using 13C-labeled choline and 13C-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and western blotting, we show increased de novo choline phospholipid (ChoPL) production and activation of PCYT1A (phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1, choline, alpha), the rate-limiting enzyme of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) synthesis, during autophagy. We also discovered that the loss of PCYT1A activity results in compromised autophagosome formation and maintenance in autophagic cells. Direct tracing of ChoPLs with fluorescence and immunogold labeling imaging revealed the incorporation of newly synthesized ChoPLs into autophagosomal membranes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria during anticancer drug-induced autophagy. Significant increase in the colocalization of fluorescence signals from the newly synthesized ChoPLs and mCherry-MAP1LC3/LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3) was also found on autophagosomes accumulating in cells treated with autophagy-modulating compounds. Interestingly, cells undergoing active autophagy had an altered ChoPL profile, with longer and more unsaturated fatty acid/alcohol chains detected. Our data suggest that de novo synthesis may be required to increase autophagosomal ChoPL content and alter its composition, together with replacing phospholipids consumed from other organelles during autophagosome formation and turnover. This addiction to de novo ChoPL synthesis and the critical role of PCYT1A may lead to development of agents targeting autophagy-induced drug resistance. In addition, fluorescence imaging of choline phospholipids could provide a useful way to visualize autophagosomes in cells and tissues. ABBREVIATIONS AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; BAX: BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator; BECN1: beclin 1; ChoPL: choline phospholipid; CHKA: choline kinase alpha; CHPT1: choline phosphotransferase 1; CTCF: corrected total cell fluorescence; CTP: cytidine-5'-triphosphate; DCA: dichloroacetate; DMEM: dulbeccos modified Eagles medium; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GDPD5: glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 5; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GPC: glycerophosphorylcholine; HBSS: hanks balances salt solution; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; LPCAT1: lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1; LysoPtdCho: lysophosphatidylcholine; MRS: magnetic resonance spectroscopy; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; PCho: phosphocholine; PCYT: choline phosphate cytidylyltransferase; PLA2: phospholipase A2; PLB: phospholipase B; PLC: phospholipase C; PLD: phospholipase D; PCYT1A: phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1, choline, alpha; PI3K: phosphoinositide-3-kinase; pMAFs: pancreatic mouse adult fibroblasts; PNPLA6: patatin like phospholipase domain containing 6; Pro-Cho: propargylcholine; Pro-ChoPLs: propargylcholine phospholipids; PtdCho: phosphatidylcholine; PtdEth: phosphatidylethanolamine; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; RPS6: ribosomal protein S6; SCD: stearoyl-CoA desaturase; SEM: standard error of the mean; SM: sphingomyelin; SMPD1/SMase: sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal; SGMS: sphingomyelin synthase; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Andrejeva
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research London and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sharon Gowan
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research London, London, UK
| | - Gigin Lin
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research London and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Anne-Christine LF Wong Te Fong
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research London and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Elham Shamsaei
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research London and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Harry G. Parkes
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research London and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - James Mui
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research London, London, UK
| | - Florence I. Raynaud
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research London, London, UK
| | - Yasmin Asad
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Melanie Valenti
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research London, London, UK
| | - Louise Howell
- Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research London, London, UK
| | - Roland A. Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Lesley-Ann Martin
- Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research London, London, UK
| | - Vladimir Kirkin
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research London, London, UK
| | - Martin O. Leach
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research London and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Yuen-Li Chung
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research London and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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43
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Lee J, Salsman J, Foster J, Dellaire G, Ridgway ND. Lipid-associated PML structures assemble nuclear lipid droplets containing CCTα and Lipin1. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/8/e202000751. [PMID: 32461215 PMCID: PMC7266991 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PML proteins assemble into noncanonical lipid-associated PML structures (LAPS) on nuclear lipid droplets, which recruit CCTα and Lipin1 for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol. Nuclear lipid droplets (nLDs) form on the inner nuclear membrane by a mechanism involving promyelocytic leukemia (PML), the protein scaffold of PML nuclear bodies. We report that PML structures on nLDs in oleate-treated U2OS cells, referred to as lipid-associated PML structures (LAPS), differ from canonical PML nuclear bodies by the relative absence of SUMO1, SP100, and DAXX. These nLDs were also enriched in CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase α (CCTα), the phosphatidic acid phosphatase Lipin1, and DAG. Translocation of CCTα onto nLDs was mediated by its α-helical M-domain but was not correlated with its activator DAG. High-resolution imaging revealed that CCTα and LAPS occupied distinct polarized regions on nLDs. PML knockout U2OS (PML KO) cells lacking LAPS had a 40–50% reduction in nLDs with associated CCTα, and residual nLDs were almost devoid of Lipin1 and DAG. As a result, phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol synthesis was inhibited in PML KO cells. We conclude that in response to excess exogenous fatty acids, LAPS are required to assemble nLDs that are competent to recruit CCTα and Lipin1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwa Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jayme Salsman
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jason Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada .,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Neale D Ridgway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada .,Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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44
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Hepatic lipid droplet homeostasis and fatty liver disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 108:72-81. [PMID: 32444289 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In cells, lipids are stored in lipid droplets, dynamic organelles that adapt their size, abundance, lipid and protein composition and organelle interactions to metabolic changes. Lipid droplet accumulation in the liver is the hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Due to the prevalence of obesity, the strongest risk factor for steatosis, NAFLD and its associated complications are currently affecting more than 1 billion people worldwide. Here, we review how triglyceride and phospholipid homeostasis are regulated in hepatocytes and how imbalances between lipid storage, degradation and lipoprotein secretion lead to NAFLD. We discuss how organelle interactions are altered in NAFLD and provide insights how NAFLD progression is associated with changes in hepatocellular signaling and organ-crosstalk. Finally, we highlight unsolved questions in hepatic LD and lipoprotein biology and give an outlook on therapeutic options counteracting hepatic lipid accumulation.
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45
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Özen S, Akıncı B, Oral EA. Current Diagnosis, Treatment and Clinical Challenges in the Management of Lipodystrophy Syndromes in Children and Young People. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2020; 12:17-28. [PMID: 31434462 PMCID: PMC7127888 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2019.2019.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophy is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by lack of body fat in characteristic patterns, which can be genetic or acquired. Lipodystrophy is associated with insulin resistance that can develop in childhood and adolescence, and usually leads to severe metabolic complications. Diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, and hepatic steatosis ordinarily develop in these patients, and most girls suffer from menstrual abnormalities. Severe complications develop at a relatively young age, which include episodes of acute pancreatitis, renal failure, cirrhosis, and complex cardiovascular diseases, and all of these are associated with serious morbidity. Treatment of lipodystrophy consists of medical nutritional therapy, exercise, and the use of anti-hyperglycemic and lipid-lowering agents. New treatment modalities, such as metreleptin replacement, promise much in the treatment of metabolic abnormalities secondary to lipodystrophy. Current challenges in the management of lipodystrophy in children and adolescents include, but are not limited to: (1) establishing specialized centers with experience in providing care for lipodystrophy presenting in childhood and adolescence; (2) optimizing algorithms that can provide some guidance for the use of standard and novel therapies to ensure adequate metabolic control and to prevent complications; (3) educating patients and their parents about lipodystrophy management; (4) improving patient adherence to chronic therapies; (5) reducing barriers to access to novel treatments; and (5) improving the quality of life of these patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samim Özen
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir, Turkey,* Address for Correspondence: Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir, Turkey Phone: +90 232 390 12 30 E-mail:
| | - Barış Akıncı
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, İzmir, Turkey,University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Medicine, and Brehm Center for Diabetes, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Michigan, USA
| | - Elif A. Oral
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Medicine, and Brehm Center for Diabetes, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Michigan, USA
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Foss-Freitas MC, Akinci B, Luo Y, Stratton A, Oral EA. Diagnostic strategies and clinical management of lipodystrophy. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2020; 15:95-114. [PMID: 32368944 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2020.1735360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Lipodystrophy is a heterogeneous group of rare diseases characterized by various degrees of fat loss which leads to serious morbidity due to metabolic abnormalities associated with insulin resistance and subtype-specific clinical features associated with underlying molecular etiology.Areas covered: This article aims to help physicians address challenges in diagnosing and managing lipodystrophy. We systematically reviewed the literature on PubMed and Google Scholar databases to summarize the current knowledge in lipodystrophy management.Expert opinion: Adipose tissue is a highly active endocrine organ that regulates metabolic homeostasis in the human body through a comprehensive communication network with other organ systems such as the central nervous system, liver, digestive system, and the immune system. The adipose tissue is capable of producing and secreting numerous factors with important endocrine functions such as leptin that regulates energy homeostasis. Recent developments in the field have helped to solve some of the mysteries behind lipodystrophy that allowed us to get a better understanding of adipocyte function and differentiation. From a clinical standpoint, physicians who suspect lipodystrophy should distinguish the disease from several others that may present with similar clinical features. It is also important for physicians to carefully interpret clinical features, laboratory, and imaging results before moving to more sophisticated tests and making decisions about therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Foss-Freitas
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes (MEND), Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Sao Paulo University, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Baris Akinci
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes (MEND), Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yingying Luo
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes (MEND), Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Elif A Oral
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes (MEND), Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Dettlaff-Pokora A. Adipocyte differentiation impairment as well as lipid metabolism and transport problems – major causes of genetic lipodystrophies. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2019. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.6553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophies are heterogenic group of adipose tissue disorders with its general or partial atrophy. In case of congenital lipodystrophies disturbances of adipogenesis or/and alterations of adipocyte differentiation often occur leading to thermogenic adipocytes formation. Basic adipocyte functions can be perturbed, including improper synthesis of triacylglycerols and phospholipids of lipid droplet, but also impaired fatty acids release and intracellular lipid traffic. Lipodystrophy can result from weakening of adipose tissue structure, but also from improper function of both cytoskeleton and nuclear lamina leading to cell dysfunction. Lack of adipose tissue leads to a) increased plasma triacylglycerols level and ectopic fat accumulation in other tissues; b) total plasma cholesterol increase; c) plasma HDL-cholesterol decrease. Ectopic fat accumulation in liver can cause fatty liver and with time can lead to hepatomegaly and liver cirrhosis. Dysfunctions are proportional to the extent of fat tissue loss with generalized lipodystrophies patients developing complications at early ages. Diabetes and insulin resistance are common comorbidities. Improvement of diagnostic methods of medical genetics allows precise determination of their genotypes and correct diagnosis of patients suffering from lipodystrophy. For that reason number of described cases increased in recent years, also in Poland. New lipodystrophy types were described. Therefore there is a need to bring lipodystrophy syndromes for the attention of primary care physicians, pediatricians and endocrinologists.
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48
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Patni N, Hatab S, Xing C, Zhou Z, Quittner C, Garg A. A novel autosomal recessive lipodystrophy syndrome due to homozygous LMNA variant. J Med Genet 2019; 57:422-426. [PMID: 31857427 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite major advances in understanding the molecular basis of various genetic lipodystrophy syndromes, some rare patients still remain unexplained. CASES We report a novel autosomal recessive lipodystrophy affecting two sisters aged 17 and 19 years and characterised by early onset intellectual disability, and subsequent development of near-generalised loss of subcutaneous fat with diabetes mellitus, extreme hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic steatosis, short stature, clinodactyly, joint contractures, leiomyoma of uterus and cataracts in childhood. The lipodystrophy was more pronounced in the upper and lower extremities, and there was no associated muscular hypertrophy. Using whole exome sequencing in this consanguineous Hispanic pedigree, we report disease-causing homozygous p.Arg545His LMNA variant in the affected subjects, and confirm the lack of pathogenic variants in other known lipodystrophy genes. The mother and a younger brother were both heterozygous for p.Arg545His LMNA variant and were overweight with acanthosis nigricans without any evidence of lipodystrophy. Our patients are distinct from previously reported autosomal recessive lipodystrophy syndromes and have no overlap with other autosomal recessive laminopathies, including mandibuloacral dysplasia, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. CONCLUSION Our report of this unusual familial generalised lipodystrophy syndrome adds to the pleiotropy associated with biallelic autosomal recessive LMNA variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Patni
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah Hatab
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- Department of Bioinformatics and Department of Population and Data Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Claudia Quittner
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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49
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Goldberg IJ, Reue K, Abumrad NA, Bickel PE, Cohen S, Fisher EA, Galis ZS, Granneman JG, Lewandowski ED, Murphy R, Olive M, Schaffer JE, Schwartz-Longacre L, Shulman GI, Walther TC, Chen J. Deciphering the Role of Lipid Droplets in Cardiovascular Disease: A Report From the 2017 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop. Circulation 2019; 138:305-315. [PMID: 30012703 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.033704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are distinct and dynamic organelles that affect the health of cells and organs. Much progress has been made in understanding how these structures are formed, how they interact with other cellular organelles, how they are used for storage of triacylglycerol in adipose tissue, and how they regulate lipolysis. Our understanding of the biology of LDs in the heart and vascular tissue is relatively primitive in comparison with LDs in adipose tissue and liver. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a working group to discuss how LDs affect cardiovascular diseases. The goal of the working group was to examine the current state of knowledge on the cell biology of LDs, including current methods to study them in cells and organs and reflect on how LDs influence the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the working group discussion and recommendations on research areas ripe for future investigation that will likely improve our understanding of atherosclerosis and heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Reue
- University of California, Los Angeles (K.R.)
| | | | - Perry E Bickel
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.E.B.)
| | - Sarah Cohen
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (S.C.)
| | | | - Zorina S Galis
- National Institutes of Health/National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (Z.S.G., M.O., L.S.-L., J.C.)
| | | | | | | | - Michelle Olive
- National Institutes of Health/National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (Z.S.G., M.O., L.S.-L., J.C.)
| | | | - Lisa Schwartz-Longacre
- National Institutes of Health/National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (Z.S.G., M.O., L.S.-L., J.C.)
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Yale University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT (G.I.S.)
| | - Tobias C Walther
- Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA (T.C.W.)
| | - Jue Chen
- National Institutes of Health/National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (Z.S.G., M.O., L.S.-L., J.C.).
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50
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Vigouroux C, Guénantin AC, Vatier C, Capel E, Le Dour C, Afonso P, Bidault G, Béréziat V, Lascols O, Capeau J, Briand N, Jéru I. Lipodystrophic syndromes due to LMNA mutations: recent developments on biomolecular aspects, pathophysiological hypotheses and therapeutic perspectives. Nucleus 2019; 9:235-248. [PMID: 29578370 PMCID: PMC5973242 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2018.1456217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in LMNA, encoding A-type lamins, are responsible for laminopathies including muscular dystrophies, lipodystrophies, and premature ageing syndromes. LMNA mutations have been shown to alter nuclear structure and stiffness, binding to partners at the nuclear envelope or within the nucleoplasm, gene expression and/or prelamin A maturation. LMNA-associated lipodystrophic features, combining generalized or partial fat atrophy and metabolic alterations associated with insulin resistance, could result from altered adipocyte differentiation or from altered fat structure. Recent studies shed some light on how pathogenic A-type lamin variants could trigger lipodystrophy, metabolic complications, and precocious cardiovascular events. Alterations in adipose tissue extracellular matrix and TGF-beta signaling could initiate metabolic inflexibility. Premature senescence of vascular cells could contribute to cardiovascular complications. In affected families, metabolic alterations occur at an earlier age across generations, which could result from epigenetic deregulation induced by LMNA mutations. Novel cellular models recapitulating adipogenic developmental pathways provide scalable tools for disease modeling and therapeutic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Vigouroux
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France.,b Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires , Paris , France.,c Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Centre National de Référence des Pathologies Rares de l'Insulino-Sécrétion et de l'Insulino-Sensibilité (PRISIS), Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Endocrinologie de la Reproduction , Paris , France
| | - Anne-Claire Guénantin
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France.,d Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus , Hinxton , UK
| | - Camille Vatier
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France.,c Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Centre National de Référence des Pathologies Rares de l'Insulino-Sécrétion et de l'Insulino-Sensibilité (PRISIS), Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Endocrinologie de la Reproduction , Paris , France
| | - Emilie Capel
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France
| | - Caroline Le Dour
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France
| | - Pauline Afonso
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France
| | - Guillaume Bidault
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France.,e University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge CB2 0QQ , UK
| | - Véronique Béréziat
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France
| | - Olivier Lascols
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France.,b Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires , Paris , France
| | - Jacqueline Capeau
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France
| | - Nolwenn Briand
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France.,f Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Blindern , Oslo , Norway
| | - Isabelle Jéru
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France.,b Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires , Paris , France
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