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Zlobin IE. Tree post-drought recovery: scenarios, regulatory mechanisms and ways to improve. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:1595-1612. [PMID: 38581143 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Efficient post-drought recovery of growth and assimilation enables a plant to return to its undisturbed state and functioning. Unlike annual plants, trees suffer not only from the current drought, but also from cumulative impacts of consecutive water stresses which cause adverse legacy effects on survival and performance. This review provides an integrated assessment of ecological, physiological and molecular evidence on the recovery of growth and photosynthesis in trees, with a view to informing the breeding of trees with a better ability to recover from water stress. Suppression of recovery processes can result not only from stress damage but also from a controlled downshift of recovery as part of tree acclimation to water-limited conditions. In the latter case, recovery processes could potentially be activated by turning off the controlling mechanisms, but several obstacles make this unlikely. Tree phenology, and specifically photoperiodic constraints, can limit post-drought recovery of growth and photosynthesis, and targeting these constraints may represent a promising way to breed trees with an enhanced ability to recover post-drought. The mechanisms of photoperiod-dependent regulation of shoot, secondary and root growth and of assimilation processes are reviewed. Finally, the limitations and trade-offs of altering the photoperiodic regulation of growth and assimilation processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya E Zlobin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St, Moscow, 127276, Russia
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2
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Hu Z, Wu Z, Zhu Q, Ma M, Li Y, Dai X, Han S, Xiang S, Yang S, Luo J, Kong Q, Ding J. Multilayer regulatory landscape and new regulators identification for bud dormancy release and bud break in Populus. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:3181-3197. [PMID: 38712996 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
For trees originating from boreal and temperate regions, the dormancy-to-active transition, also known as bud dormancy release and bud break, are crucial processes that allow trees to reactive growth in the spring. The molecular mechanisms underlying these two processes remain poorly understood. Here, through integrative multiomics analysis of the transcriptome, DNA methylome, and proteome, we gained insights into the reprogrammed cellular processes associated with bud dormancy release and bud break. Our findings revealed multilayer regulatory landscapes governing bud dormancy release and bud break regulation, providing a valuable reference framework for future functional studies. Based on the multiomics analysis, we have determined a novel long intergenic noncoding RNA named Phenology Responsive Intergenic lncRNA 1 (PRIR1) plays a role in the activation of bud break. that the molecular mechanism of PRIR1 has been preliminary explored, and it may partially promote bud break by activating its neighbouring gene, EXORDIUM LIKE 5 (PtEXL5), which has also been genetically confirmed as an activator for bud break. This study has revealed a lncRNA-mediated regulatory mechanism for the control of bud break in Populus, operating independently of known regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhu Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingru Ma
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaokang Dai
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaopeng Han
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Songzhu Xiang
- Shennongjia Academy of Forestry, Shennongjia Forestry District, Hubei, China
| | - Siting Yang
- Shennongjia Academy of Forestry, Shennongjia Forestry District, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Luo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiusheng Kong
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihua Ding
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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3
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Guo X, Li J, Li M, Zhou B, Zheng S, Li L. A molecular module connects abscisic acid with auxin signals to facilitate seasonal wood formation in Populus. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38963121 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Perennial trees have a recurring annual cycle of wood formation in response to environmental fluctuations. However, the precise molecular mechanisms that regulate the seasonal formation of wood remain poorly understood. Our prior study indicates that VCM1 and VCM2 play a vital role in regulating the activity of the vascular cambium by controlling the auxin homoeostasis of the cambium zone in Populus. This study indicates that abscisic acid (ABA) affects the expression of VCM1 and VCM2, which display seasonal fluctuations in relation to photoperiod changes. ABA-responsive transcription factors AREB4 and AREB13, which are predominantly expressed in stem secondary vascular tissue, bind to VCM1 and VCM2 promoters to induce their expression. Seasonal changes in the photoperiod affect the ABA amount, which is linked to auxin-regulated cambium activity via the functions of VCM1 and VCM2. Thus, the study reveals that AREB4/AREB13-VCM1/VCM2-PIN5b acts as a molecular module connecting ABA and auxin signals to control vascular cambium activity in seasonal wood formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulei Guo
- Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Li
- Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Gao Y, Chen Z, Feng Q, Long T, Ding J, Shu P, Deng H, Yu P, Tan W, Liu S, Rodriguez LG, Wang L, Resco de Dios V, Yao Y. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5a modulates FLOWERING LOCUS T2 and gibberellin levels to control dormancy and bud break in poplar. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1963-1984. [PMID: 38271284 PMCID: PMC11062467 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Photoperiod is a crucial environmental cue for phenological responses, including growth cessation and winter dormancy in perennial woody plants. Two regulatory modules within the photoperiod pathway explain bud dormancy induction in poplar (Populus spp.): the circadian oscillator LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 2 (LHY2) and GIGANTEA-like genes (GIs) both regulate the key target for winter dormancy induction FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2). However, modification of LHY2 and GIs cannot completely prevent growth cessation and bud set under short-day (SD) conditions, indicating that additional regulatory modules are likely involved. We identified PtoHY5a, an orthologs of the photomorphogenesis regulatory factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) in poplar (Populus tomentosa), that directly activates PtoFT2 expression and represses the circadian oscillation of LHY2, indirectly activating PtoFT2 expression. Thus, PtoHY5a suppresses SD-induced growth cessation and bud set. Accordingly, PtoHY5a knockout facilitates dormancy induction. PtoHY5a also inhibits bud-break in poplar by controlling gibberellic acid (GA) levels in apical buds. Additionally, PtoHY5a regulates the photoperiodic control of seasonal growth downstream of phytochrome PHYB2. Thus, PtoHY5a modulates seasonal growth in poplar by regulating the PtoPHYB2-PtoHY5a-PtoFT2 module to determine the onset of winter dormancy, and by fine-tuning GA levels to control bud-break.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Gao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Qian Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Tao Long
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Jihua Ding
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Shu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037 Chongqing, China
| | - Heng Deng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Peizhi Yu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Wenrong Tan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Siqin Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Lucas Gutierrez Rodriguez
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Víctor Resco de Dios
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Yinan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
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Zhang T, Wang X, Yuan Y, Zhu S, Liu C, Zhang Y, Gai S. PsmiR159b- PsMYB65 module functions in the resumption of bud growth after endodormancy by affecting the cell cycle in tree peony. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae052. [PMID: 38638681 PMCID: PMC11025381 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Bud endodormancy in perennial plants is a sophisticated system that adapts to seasonal climatic changes. Growth-promoting signals such as low temperature and gibberellins (GAs) are crucial for facilitating budbreak following endodormancy release (EDR). However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying GA-mediated budbreak in tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) remain unclear. In tree peony, the expression of PsmiR159b among three differentially expressed miR159 members was inhibited with the prolonged chilling, and overexpression of PsMIR159b delayed budbreak, whereas silencing PsmiR159b promoted budbreak after dormancy. PsMYB65, a downstream transcription factor in the GA pathway, was induced by prolonged chilling and exogenous GA3 treatments. PsMYB65 was identified as a target of PsmiR159b, and promoted budbreak in tree peony. RNA-seq of PsMYB65-slienced buds revealed significant enrichment in the GO terms regulation of 'cell cycle' and 'DNA replication' among differentially expressed genes. Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that PsMYB65 directly bound to the promoter of the type-D cyclin gene PsCYCD3;1. Dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that PsMYB65 positively regulate PsCYCD3;1 expression, suggesting that miR159b-PsMYB65 module contributes to budbreak by influencing the cell cycle. Our findings revealed that the PsmiR159b-PsMYB65 module functioned in budbreak after dormancy by regulating cell proliferation, providing valuable insights into the endodormancy release regulation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yanchao Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shoujie Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chunying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shupeng Gai
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
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Wei H, Luo M, Deng J, Xiao Y, Yan H, Liu H, Li Y, Song Q, Xiao X, Shen J, Kong H, Sun F, Luo K. SPL16 and SPL23 mediate photoperiodic control of seasonal growth in Populus trees. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1646-1661. [PMID: 38115785 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Perennial trees in boreal and temperate regions undergo growth cessation and bud set under short photoperiods, which are regulated by phytochrome B (phyB) photoreceptors and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 8 (PIF8) proteins. However, the direct signaling components downstream of the phyB-PIF8 module remain unclear. We found that short photoperiods suppressed the expression of miR156, while upregulated the expression of miR156-targeted SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 16 (SPL16) and SPL23 in leaves and shoot apices of Populus trees. Accordingly, either overexpression of MIR156a/c or mutagenesis of SPL16/23 resulted in the attenuation of growth cessation and bud set under short days (SD), whereas overexpression of SPL16 and SPL23 conferred early growth cessation. We further showed that SPL16 and SPL23 directly suppressed FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2) expression while promoted BRANCHED1 (BRC1.1 and BRC1.2) expression. Moreover, we revealed that PIF8.1/8.2, positive regulators of growth cessation, directly bound to promoters of MIR156a and MIR156c and inhibited their expression to modulate downstream pathways. Our results reveal a connection between the phyB-PIF8 module-mediated photoperiod perception and the miR156-SPL16/23-FT2/BRC1 regulatory cascades in SD-induced growth cessation. Our study provides insights into the rewiring of a conserved miR156-SPL module in the regulation of seasonal growth in Populus trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mengting Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiao Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huiting Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huajie Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yi Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xingyue Xiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Junlong Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hanying Kong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Zhao B, Wang JW. Perenniality: From model plants to applications in agriculture. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:141-157. [PMID: 38115580 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
To compensate for their sessile nature, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms enabling them to adapt to ever-changing environments. One such prominent feature is the evolution of diverse life history strategies, particularly such that annuals reproduce once followed by seasonal death, while perennials live longer by cycling growth seasonally. This intrinsic phenology is primarily genetic and can be altered by environmental factors. Although evolutionary transitions between annual and perennial life history strategies are common, perennials account for most species in nature because they survive well under year-round stresses. This proportion, however, is reversed in agriculture. Hence, perennial crops promise to likewise protect and enhance the resilience of agricultural ecosystems in response to climate change. Despite significant endeavors that have been made to generate perennial crops, progress is slow because of barriers in studying perennials, and many developed species await further improvement. Recent findings in model species have illustrated that simply rewiring existing genetic networks can lead to lifestyle variation. This implies that engineering plant life history strategy can be achieved by manipulating only a few key genes. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of genetic basis of perenniality and discuss major questions and challenges that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS, Shanghai 200032, China; New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shanghai 200032, China.
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8
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Liao X, Su Y, Klintenäs M, Li Y, Sane S, Wu Z, Chen Q, Zhang B, Nilsson O, Ding J. Age-dependent seasonal growth cessation in Populus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2311226120. [PMID: 37991940 PMCID: PMC10691234 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311226120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In temperate and boreal regions, perennial plants adapt their annual growth cycle to the change of seasons. In natural forests, juvenile seedlings usually display longer growth seasons compared to adult trees to ensure their establishment and survival under canopy shade. However, how trees adjust their annual growth according to their age is not known. In this study, we show that age-dependent seasonal growth cessation is genetically controlled and found that the miR156-SPL3/5 module, a key regulon of vegetative phase change (VPC), also triggers age-dependent growth cessation in Populus trees. We show that miR156 promotes shoot elongation during vegetative growth, and its targets SPL3/5s function in the same pathway but as repressors. We find that the miR156-SPL3/5s regulon controls growth cessation in both leaves and shoot apices and through multiple pathways, but with a different mechanism compared to how the miR156-SPL regulon controls VPC in annual plants. Taken together, our results reveal an age-dependent genetic network in mediating seasonal growth cessation, a key phenological process in the climate adaptation of perennial trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Yunjie Su
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Maria Klintenäs
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå901 83, Sweden
| | - Yue Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Shashank Sane
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå901 83, Sweden
| | - Zhihao Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Qihui Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå901 83, Sweden
| | - Ove Nilsson
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå901 83, Sweden
| | - Jihua Ding
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
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9
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Fan S, Luo F, Wang M, Xu Y, Chen W, Yang G. Comparative transcriptome analysis of genes involved in paradormant bud release response in 'Summer Black' grape. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1236141. [PMID: 37818318 PMCID: PMC10561283 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1236141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Grapevines possess a hierarchy of buds, and the fruitful winter bud forms the foundation of the two-crop-a-year cultivation system, yielding biannual harvests. Throughout its developmental stages, the winter bud sequentially undergoes paradormancy, endodormancy, and ecodormancy to ensure survival in challenging environmental conditions. Releasing the endodormancy of winter bud results in the first crop yield, while breaking the paradormancy of winter bud allows for the second crop harvest. Hydrogen cyanamide serves as an agent to break endodormancy, which counteracting the inhibitory effects of ABA, while H2O2 and ethylene function as signaling molecules in the process of endodormancy release. In the context of breaking paradormancy, common agronomic practices include short pruning and hydrogen cyanamide treatment. However, the mechanism of hydrogen cyanamide contributes to this process remains unknown. This study confirms that hydrogen cyanamide treatment significantly improved both the speed and uniformity of bud sprouting, while short pruning proved to be an effective method for releasing paradormancy until August. This observation highlights the role of apical dominance as a primary inhibitory factor in suppressing the sprouting of paradormant winter bud. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the sixth node winter bud convert to apical tissue following short pruning and established a polar auxin transport canal through the upregulated expression of VvPIN3 and VvTIR1. Moreover, short pruning induced the generation of reactive oxygen species, and wounding, ethylene, and H2O2 collectively acted as stimulating signals and amplified effects through the MAPK cascade. In contrast, hydrogen cyanamide treatment directly disrupted mitochondrial function, resulting in ROS production and an extended efficacy of the growth hormone signaling pathway induction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guoshun Yang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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10
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Vicentini G, Biancucci M, Mineri L, Chirivì D, Giaume F, Miao Y, Kyozuka J, Brambilla V, Betti C, Fornara F. Environmental control of rice flowering time. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100610. [PMID: 37147799 PMCID: PMC10504588 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Correct measurement of environmental parameters is fundamental for plant fitness and survival, as well as for timing developmental transitions, including the switch from vegetative to reproductive growth. Important parameters that affect flowering time include day length (photoperiod) and temperature. Their response pathways have been best described in Arabidopsis, which currently offers a detailed conceptual framework and serves as a comparison for other species. Rice, the focus of this review, also possesses a photoperiodic flowering pathway, but 150 million years of divergent evolution in very different environments have diversified its molecular architecture. The ambient temperature perception pathway is strongly intertwined with the photoperiod pathway and essentially converges on the same genes to modify flowering time. When observing network topologies, it is evident that the rice flowering network is centered on EARLY HEADING DATE 1, a rice-specific transcriptional regulator. Here, we summarize the most important features of the rice photoperiodic flowering network, with an emphasis on its uniqueness, and discuss its connections with hormonal, temperature perception, and stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Vicentini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Biancucci
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mineri
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Chirivì
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Giaume
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Yiling Miao
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Vittoria Brambilla
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Betti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Fornara
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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11
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Panigrahy M. Editorial: Light, clock, flowering, and hormone pathways in attaining abiotic stress tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1215517. [PMID: 37426977 PMCID: PMC10325636 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1215517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhusmita Panigrahy
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Training School Complex, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
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12
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Sheng X, Mahendra RA, Wang CT, Brunner AM. CRISPR/Cas9 mutants delineate roles of Populus FT and TFL1/CEN/BFT family members in growth, dormancy release and flowering. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1042-1054. [PMID: 36892416 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vegetative and reproductive phase change and phenology are economically and ecologically important traits. Trees typically require several years of growth before flowering and, once mature, seasonal control of the transition to flowering and flower development is necessary to maintain vegetative meristems and for reproductive success. Members of two related gene subfamilies, FLOWERING LOCUST (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1)/CENTRORADIALIS (CEN)/BROTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (BFT), have antagonistic roles in flowering in diverse species and roles in vegetative phenology in trees, but many details of their functions in trees have yet to be resolved. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate single and double mutants involving the five Populus FT and TFL1/CEN/BFT genes. The ft1 mutants exhibited wild-type-like phenotypes in long days and short days, but after chilling, to release dormancy, they showed delayed bud flush and GA3 could compensate for the ft1 mutation. After rooting and generating some phytomers in tissue culture, both cen1 and cen1ft1 mutants produced terminal as well as axillary flowers, indicating that the cen1 flowering phenotype is independent of FT1. The CEN1 showed distinct circannual expression patterns in vegetative and reproductive tissues and comparison with the expression patterns of FT1 and FT2 suggests that the relative levels of CEN1 compared with FT1 and FT2 regulate multiple phases of vegetative and reproductive seasonal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Sheng
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, 310 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - R Ayeshan Mahendra
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, 310 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Chieh-Ting Wang
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, 310 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Amy M Brunner
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, 310 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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13
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Tao W, Li R, Li T, Li Z, Li Y, Cui L. The evolutionary patterns, expression profiles, and genetic diversity of expanded genes in barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1168124. [PMID: 37180392 PMCID: PMC10171312 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1168124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Gene duplication resulting from whole-genome duplication (WGD), small-scale duplication (SSD), or unequal hybridization plays an important role in the expansion of gene families. Gene family expansion can also mediate species formation and adaptive evolution. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is the world's fourth largest cereal crop, and it contains valuable genetic resources due to its ability to tolerate various types of environmental stress. In this study, 27,438 orthogroups in the genomes of seven Poaceae were identified, and 214 of them were significantly expanded in barley. The evolutionary rates, gene properties, expression profiles, and nucleotide diversity between expanded and non-expanded genes were compared. Expanded genes evolved more rapidly and experienced lower negative selection. Expanded genes, including their exons and introns, were shorter, they had fewer exons, their GC content was lower, and their first exons were longer compared with non-expanded genes. Codon usage bias was also lower for expanded genes than for non-expanded genes; the expression levels of expanded genes were lower than those of non-expanded genes, and the expression of expanded genes showed higher tissue specificity than that of non-expanded genes. Several stress-response-related genes/gene families were identified, and these genes could be used to breed barley plants with greater resistance to environmental stress. Overall, our analysis revealed evolutionary, structural, and functional differences between expanded and non-expanded genes in barley. Additional studies are needed to clarify the functions of the candidate genes identified in our study and evaluate their utility for breeding barley plants with greater stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Tao
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ruiying Li
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yihan Li
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Yihan Li, ; Licao Cui,
| | - Licao Cui
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Yihan Li, ; Licao Cui,
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14
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Singh RK, Bhalerao RP, Maurya JP. When to branch: seasonal control of shoot architecture in trees. FEBS J 2022; 289:8062-8070. [PMID: 34652884 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived perennial plants optimize their shoot architecture by responding to seasonal cues. The main strategy used by plants of temperate and boreal regions with respect to surviving the extremely unfavourable conditions of winter comprises the protection of their apical and lateral meristematic tissues. This involves myriads of transcriptional, translational and metabolic changes in the plants because shoot architecture is controlled by multiple pathways that regulate processes such as bud formation and flowering, small RNAs, environmental factors (especially light quality, photoperiod and temperature), hormones, and sugars. Recent studies have begun to reveal how these pathways are recruited for the seasonal adaptation and regulation of shoot architecture in perennial plants, including the role of a regulatory module consisting of antagonistic players terminal flower 1 (TFL1) and like-ap1 (LAP1) in the hybrid aspen. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of the genetic control of shoot architecture in perennials compared to in annuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jay P Maurya
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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15
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Jing S, Sun X, Yu L, Wang E, Cheng Z, Liu H, Jiang P, Qin J, Begum S, Song B. Transcription factor StABI5-like 1 binding to the FLOWERING LOCUS T homologs promotes early maturity in potato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1677-1693. [PMID: 35258599 PMCID: PMC9237700 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) maturity involves several important traits, including the onset of tuberization, flowering, leaf senescence, and the length of the plant life cycle. The timing of flowering and tuberization in potato is mediated by seasonal fluctuations in photoperiod and is thought to be separately controlled by the FLOWERING LOCUS T-like (FT-like) genes SELF-PRUNING 3D (StSP3D) and SELF-PRUNING 6A (StSP6A). However, the biological relationship between these morphological transitions that occur almost synchronously remains unknown. Here, we show that StABI5-like 1 (StABL1), a transcription factor central to abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, is a binding partner of StSP3D and StSP6A, forming an alternative florigen activation complex and alternative tuberigen activation complex in a 14-3-3-dependent manner. Overexpression of StABL1 results in the early initiation of flowering and tuberization as well as a short life cycle. Using genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA-sequencing, we demonstrate that AGAMOUS-like and GA 2-oxidase 1 genes are regulated by StABL1. Phytohormone profiling indicates an altered gibberellic acid (GA) metabolism and that StABL1-overexpressing plants are insensitive to the inhibitory effect of GA with respect to tuberization. Collectively, our results suggest that StABL1 functions with FT-like genes to promote flowering and tuberization and consequently life cycle length in potato, providing insight into the pleiotropic functioning of the FT gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Liu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Enshuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhengnan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Shahnewaz Begum
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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16
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Sheng X, Hsu CY, Ma C, Brunner AM. Functional Diversification of Populus FLOWERING LOCUS D-LIKE3 Transcription Factor and Two Paralogs in Shoot Ontogeny, Flowering, and Vegetative Phenology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:805101. [PMID: 35185983 PMCID: PMC8850916 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.805101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Both the evolution of tree taxa and whole-genome duplication (WGD) have occurred many times during angiosperm evolution. Transcription factors are preferentially retained following WGD suggesting that functional divergence of duplicates could contribute to traits distinctive to the tree growth habit. We used gain- and loss-of-function transgenics, photoperiod treatments, and circannual expression studies in adult trees to study the diversification of three Populus FLOWERING LOCUS D-LIKE (FDL) genes encoding bZIP transcription factors. Expression patterns and transgenic studies indicate that FDL2.2 promotes flowering and that FDL1 and FDL3 function in different vegetative phenophases. Study of dominant repressor FDL versions indicates that the FDL proteins are partially equivalent in their ability to alter shoot growth. Like its paralogs, FDL3 overexpression delays short day-induced growth cessation, but also induces distinct heterochronic shifts in shoot development-more rapid phytomer initiation and coordinated delay in both leaf expansion and the transition to secondary growth in long days, but not in short days. Our results indicate that both regulatory and protein coding sequence variation contributed to diversification of FDL paralogs that has led to a degree of specialization in multiple developmental processes important for trees and their local adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Sheng
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Chuan-Yu Hsu
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Cathleen Ma
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Amy M. Brunner
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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17
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Gómez-Soto D, Allona I, Perales M. FLOWERING LOCUS T2 Promotes Shoot Apex Development and Restricts Internode Elongation via the 13-Hydroxylation Gibberellin Biosynthesis Pathway in Poplar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:814195. [PMID: 35185961 PMCID: PMC8853612 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.814195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The adaptation and survival of boreal and temperate perennials relies on the precise demarcation of the growing season. Seasonal growth and development are defined by day length and temperature signals. Under long-day conditions in spring, poplar FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2) systemically induces shoot growth. In contrast, FT2 downregulation induced by autumnal short days triggers growth cessation and bud set. However, the molecular role of FT2 in local and long-range signaling is not entirely understood. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 editing tool was used to generate FT2 loss of function lines of hybrid poplar. Results indicate that FT2 is essential to promote shoot apex development and restrict internode elongation under conditions of long days. The application of bioactive gibberellins (GAs) to apical buds in FT2 loss of function lines was able to rescue bud set. Expression analysis of GA sensing and metabolic genes and hormone quantification revealed that FT2 boosts the 13-hydroxylation branch of the GA biosynthesis pathway in the shoot apex. Paclobutrazol treatment of WT leaves led to limited internode growth in the stem elongation zone. In mature leaves, FT2 was found to control the GA 13-hydroxylation pathway by increasing GA2ox1 and reducing GA3ox2 expression, causing reduced GA1 levels. We here show that in poplar, the FT2 signal promotes shoot apex development and restricts internode elongation through the GA 13-hydroxylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gómez-Soto
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Centro Nacional Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, CNINIA (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Allona
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Centro Nacional Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, CNINIA (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Centro Nacional Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, CNINIA (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Li Z, Lathe RS, Li J, He H, Bhalerao RP. Towards understanding the biological foundations of perenniality. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:56-68. [PMID: 34561180 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perennial life cycles enable plants to have remarkably long lifespans, as exemplified by trees that can live for thousands of years. For this, they require sophisticated regulatory networks that sense environmental changes and initiate adaptive responses in their growth patterns. Recent research has gradually elucidated fundamental mechanisms underlying the perennial life cycle. Intriguingly, several conserved components of the floral transition pathway in annuals such as Arabidopsis thaliana also participate in these regulatory mechanisms underpinning perenniality. Here, we provide an overview of perennials' physiological features and summarise their recently discovered molecular foundations. We also highlight the importance of deepening our understanding of perenniality in the development of perennial grain crops, which are promising elements of future sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Research Centre for Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology of Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, China.
| | - Rahul S Lathe
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jinping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Research Centre for Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology of Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Research Centre for Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology of Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, China
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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19
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Liu H, Huang X, Ma B, Zhang T, Sang N, Zhuo L, Zhu J. Components and Functional Diversification of Florigen Activation Complexes in Cotton. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1542-1555. [PMID: 34245289 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In shoot apex cells of rice, a hexameric florigen activation complex (FAC), comprising flowering locus T (FT), 14-3-3 and the basic leucine zipper transcription factor FD, activates downstream target genes and regulates several developmental transitions, including flowering. The allotetraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) contains only one FT locus in both of the A- and D-subgenomes. However, there is limited information regarding cotton FACs. Here, we identified a 14-3-3 protein that interacts strongly with GhFT in the cytoplasm and the nuclei, and five FD homoeologous gene pairs were characterized. In vivo, all five GhFD proteins interacted with Gh14-3-3 and GhFT in the nucleus. GhFT, 14-3-3 and all the GhFDs interacted in the nucleus as well, suggesting that they formed a ternary complex. Virus-induced silencing of GhFD1, -2 and -4 in cotton delayed flowering and inhibited the expression of floral meristem identity genes. Silencing GhFD3 strongly decreased lateral root formation, suggesting a function in lateral root development. GhFD overexpression in Arabidopsis and transcriptional activation assays suggested that FACs containing GhFD1 and GhFD2 function mainly in promoting flowering with partial functional redundancy. Moreover, GhFD3 was specifically expressed in lateral root meristems and dominantly activated the transcription of auxin response factor genes, such as ARF19. Thus, the diverse functions of FACs may depend on the recruited GhFD. Creating targeted genetic mutations in the florigen system using Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and their associated proteins (Cas) genome editing may fine-tune flowering and improve plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Xianzhong Huang
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Bin Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Na Sang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Lu Zhuo
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
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20
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Yoshida A, Taoka KI, Hosaka A, Tanaka K, Kobayashi H, Muranaka T, Toyooka K, Oyama T, Tsuji H. Characterization of Frond and Flower Development and Identification of FT and FD Genes From Duckweed Lemna aequinoctialis Nd. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:697206. [PMID: 34707626 PMCID: PMC8542802 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.697206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Duckweeds (Araceae: Lemnoideae) are aquatic monocotyledonous plants that are characterized by their small size, rapid growth, and wide distribution. Developmental processes regulating the formation of their small leaf-like structures, called fronds, and tiny flowers are not well characterized. In many plant species, flowering is promoted by the florigen activation complex, whose major components are florigen FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein and transcription factor FD protein. How this complex is regulated at the molecular level during duckweed flowering is also not well understood. In this study, we characterized the course of developmental changes during frond development and flower formation in Lemna aequinoctialis Nd, a short-day plant. Detailed observations of frond and flower development revealed that cell proliferation in the early stages of frond development is active as can be seen in the separate regions corresponding to two budding pouches in the proximal region of the mother frond. L. aequinoctialis produces two stamens of different lengths with the longer stamen growing more rapidly. Using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and de novo assembly of transcripts from plants induced to flower, we identified the L. aequinoctialis FT and FD genes, whose products in other angiosperms form a transcriptional complex to promote flowering. We characterized the protein-protein interaction of duckweed FT and FD in yeast and examined the functions of the two gene products by overexpression in Arabidopsis. We found that L. aequinoctialis FTL1 promotes flowering, whereas FTL2 suppresses flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Yoshida
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Taoka
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aoi Hosaka
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisato Kobayashi
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Embryology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Kiminori Toyooka
- Technology Platform Division, Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tokitaka Oyama
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuji
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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21
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Gendron JM, Leung CC, Liu W. Energy as a seasonal signal for growth and reproduction. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:102092. [PMID: 34461431 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants measure photoperiod as a predictable signal for seasonal change. Recently, new connections between photoperiod measuring systems and metabolism in plants have been revealed. These studies explore historical observations of metabolism and photoperiod with modern tools and approaches, suggesting there is much more to learn about photoperiodism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Gendron
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| | - Chun Chung Leung
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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22
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Cai F, Shao C, Zhang Y, Shi G, Bao Z, Bao M, Zhang J. Two FD homologs from London plane (Platanus acerifolia) are associated with floral initiation and flower morphology. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 310:110971. [PMID: 34315589 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The flowering-time gene FD encodes a bZIP transcription factor that interacts with FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) to induce flowering in Arabidopsis. Previous research has identified two FT homologs of Platanus acerifolia, PaFT and PaFTL, which each have different expression patterns and are involved in diverse developmental processes. However, it is not known whether such FT/FD complexes participate in the flowering processes in P. acerifolia. Therefore, we isolated two closely related FD homologs, PaFDL1 and PaFDL2, and investigated their functions through the analysis of expression profiles, transgenic phenotypes, their interactions with different FT proteins, and potential cis-regulatory elements in their promoters. The PaFDL genes were found to display their maximal expression levels during the stage of floral transition, and subsequent expression patterns were also seen to be related to inflorescence developmental stage. In addition, both PaFDL1 and PaFDL2 were found to be subject to post-transcriptional alternative splicing, each gene producing two transcript forms. Transgenic tobacco overexpressing each of the four resulting transcript types displayed accelerated floral initiation and produced abnormal flowers. The results suggested that the complete PaFDL proteins may interact with different PaFT/PaFTL proteins in order to fulfill both conservative and diverse functions in floral initiation and floral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Changsheng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Gehui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhiru Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Manzhu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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23
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Jewaria PK, Hänninen H, Li X, Bhalerao RP, Zhang R. A hundred years after: endodormancy and the chilling requirement in subtropical trees. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:565-570. [PMID: 33811341 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Endodormancy and the related chilling requirement synchronize the seasonal development of trees from the boreal and temperate regions under the climatic conditions prevailing at their native growing sites. The phenomenon of endodormancy has been known at the whole-plant level for 100 years, and in the last couple of decades, insights into the physiological and molecular basis of endodormancy and its release have also been obtained. Intriguingly, recent studies have shown experimentally that subtropical trees also show endodormancy and a chilling requirement. Motivated by the climatic differences between the subtropical and more northern zones, here we address the similarities and differences in endodormancy between trees growing in the subtropical zone and those growing in more northern zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Jewaria
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083, China
| | - Heikki Hänninen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083, China
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083, China
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, SLU, Umeå, S-901 83, Sweden
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
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24
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Yang Q, Gao Y, Wu X, Moriguchi T, Bai S, Teng Y. Bud endodormancy in deciduous fruit trees: advances and prospects. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:139. [PMID: 34078882 PMCID: PMC8172858 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00575-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bud endodormancy is a complex physiological process that is indispensable for the survival, growth, and development of deciduous perennial plants. The timely release of endodormancy is essential for flowering and fruit production of deciduous fruit trees. A better understanding of the mechanism of endodormancy will be of great help in the artificial regulation of endodormancy to cope with climate change and in creating new cultivars with different chilling requirements. Studies in poplar have clarified the mechanism of vegetative bud endodormancy, but the endodormancy of floral buds in fruit trees needs further study. In this review, we focus on the molecular regulation of endodormancy induction, maintenance and release in floral buds of deciduous fruit trees. We also describe recent advances in quantitative trait loci analysis of chilling requirements in fruit trees. We discuss phytohormones, epigenetic regulation, and the detailed molecular network controlling endodormancy, centered on SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) and Dormancy-associated MADS-box (DAM) genes during endodormancy maintenance and release. Combining previous studies and our observations, we propose a regulatory model for bud endodormancy and offer some perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinsong Yang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuhao Gao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Takaya Moriguchi
- Shizuoka Professional University of Agriculture, Iwata, Shizuoka, 438-0803, Japan
| | - Songling Bai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Yuanwen Teng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, China
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25
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Behnam B, Higo A, Yamaguchi K, Tokunaga H, Utsumi Y, Selvaraj MG, Seki M, Ishitani M, Ceballos H, Lopez-Lavalle LAB, Tsuji H. Field-transcriptome analyses reveal developmental transitions during flowering in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:285-296. [PMID: 33855676 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We characterized genes that function in the photoperiodic flowering pathway in cassava. Transcriptome analysis of field-grown plants revealed characteristic expression patterns of these genes, demonstrating that field-grown cassava experiences two distinct developmental transitions. Cassava is an important crop for both edible and industrial purposes. Cassava develops storage roots that accumulate starch, providing an important source of staple food in tropical regions. To facilitate cassava breeding, it is important to elucidate how flowering is controlled. Several important genes that control flowering time have been identified in model plants; however, comprehensive characterization of these genes in cassava is still lacking. In this study, we identified genes encoding central flowering time regulators and examined these sequences for the presence or absence of conserved motifs. We found that cassava shares conserved genes for the photoperiodic flowering pathway, including florigen, anti-florigen and its associated transcription factor (GIGANTEA, CONSTANS, FLOWERING LOCUS T, CENTRORADIALIS/TERMINAL FLOWER1 and FD) and florigen downstream genes (SUPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 and APETALA1/FRUITFUL). We conducted RNA-seq analysis of field-grown cassava plants and characterized the expression of flowering control genes. Finally, from the transcriptome analysis we identified two distinct developmental transitions that occur in field-grown cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Behnam
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Asuka Higo
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kaho Yamaguchi
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tokunaga
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- International Laboratory for Cassava Molecular Breeding (ILCMB), AGI, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yoshinori Utsumi
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- International Laboratory for Cassava Molecular Breeding (ILCMB), AGI, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Motoaki Seki
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- International Laboratory for Cassava Molecular Breeding (ILCMB), AGI, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Manabu Ishitani
- International Laboratory for Cassava Molecular Breeding (ILCMB), AGI, Hanoi, Vietnam
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Hernan Ceballos
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | | | - Hiroyuki Tsuji
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
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26
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Dutta S, Deb A, Biswas P, Chakraborty S, Guha S, Mitra D, Geist B, Schäffner AR, Das M. Identification and functional characterization of two bamboo FD gene homologs having contrasting effects on shoot growth and flowering. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7849. [PMID: 33846519 PMCID: PMC8041875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bamboos, member of the family Poaceae, represent many interesting features with respect to their fast and extended vegetative growth, unusual, yet divergent flowering time across species, and impact of sudden, large scale flowering on forest ecology. However, not many studies have been conducted at the molecular level to characterize important genes that regulate vegetative and flowering habit in bamboo. In this study, two bamboo FD genes, BtFD1 and BtFD2, which are members of the florigen activation complex (FAC) have been identified by sequence and phylogenetic analyses. Sequence comparisons identified one important amino acid, which was located in the DNA-binding basic region and was altered between BtFD1 and BtFD2 (Ala146 of BtFD1 vs. Leu100 of BtFD2). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that this alteration had resulted into ten times higher binding efficiency of BtFD1 than BtFD2 to its target ACGT motif present at the promoter of the APETALA1 gene. Expression analyses in different tissues and seasons indicated the involvement of BtFD1 in flower and vegetative development, while BtFD2 was very lowly expressed throughout all the tissues and conditions studied. Finally, a tenfold increase of the AtAP1 transcript level by p35S::BtFD1 Arabidopsis plants compared to wild type confirms a positively regulatory role of BtFD1 towards flowering. However, constitutive expression of BtFD1 had led to dwarfisms and apparent reduction in the length of flowering stalk and numbers of flowers/plant, whereas no visible phenotype was observed for BtFD2 overexpression. This signifies that timely expression of BtFD1 may be critical to perform its programmed developmental role in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smritikana Dutta
- grid.412537.60000 0004 1768 2925Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Anwesha Deb
- grid.412537.60000 0004 1768 2925Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Prasun Biswas
- grid.412537.60000 0004 1768 2925Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India ,grid.411826.80000 0001 0559 4125Department of Botany, Kalna College, Kalna, West Bengal India
| | - Sukanya Chakraborty
- grid.412537.60000 0004 1768 2925Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Suman Guha
- grid.412537.60000 0004 1768 2925Department of Statistics, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Devrani Mitra
- grid.412537.60000 0004 1768 2925Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Birgit Geist
- grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Anton R. Schäffner
- grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Malay Das
- grid.412537.60000 0004 1768 2925Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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27
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Zhu Y, Klasfeld S, Wagner D. Molecular regulation of plant developmental transitions and plant architecture via PEPB family proteins: an update on mechanism of action. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2301-2311. [PMID: 33449083 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This year marks the 100th anniversary of the experiments by Garner and Allard that showed that plants measure the duration of the night and day (the photoperiod) to time flowering. This discovery led to the identification of Flowering Locus T (FT) in Arabidopsis and Heading Date 3a (Hd3a) in rice as a mobile signal that promotes flowering in tissues distal to the site of cue perception. FT/Hd3a belong to the family of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs). Collectively, these proteins control plant developmental transitions and plant architecture. Several excellent recent reviews have focused on the roles of PEBPs in diverse plant species; here we will primarily highlight recent advances that enhance our understanding of the mechanism of action of PEBPs and discuss critical open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samantha Klasfeld
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Doris Wagner
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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28
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Wu HX, Ker R, Chen Z, Ivkovic M. Balancing Breeding for Growth and Fecundity in Radiata Pine ( Pinus radiata D. Don) Breeding Programme. Evol Appl 2021; 14:834-846. [PMID: 33767756 PMCID: PMC7980311 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree breeding has focused on increasing stem volume growth with a cost to fecundity. However, fecundity is important in maintaining the fitness in natural stands and facilitating cross-pollination to advance breeding populations. Understanding the inheritance of fecundity and the genetic relationship between fecundity and growth is essential to understand the constraints of evolution in natural population and design an optimal selection strategy to balance breeding for growth and fecundity. Inheritance of female fecundity and the genetic relationship between fecundity and growth in radiata pine were investigated using a large Australia-wide progeny test, planted on eight sites involving 279 control-pollinated families. It was found that fecundity of female cones was highly heritable with an estimated heritability of 0.39-0.61, but genetically correlated with growth (-0.30 to -0.39). This indicates that improvement in tree growth alone could reduce the fecundity, thus to break the possible evolutionary constraint in natural population. To maintain fecundity for breeding purposes and minimize the interruption of the evolutionary constraint between fecundity and growth, use of a restraint selection index to impose no change of fecundity is developed in current breeding, while dissecting the genetic basis of adversely correlated traits at loci level is required for optimal long-term strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry X. Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- CSIRO National Research Collection AustraliaCanberraACTAustralia
- UPSCSwedish University of Agriculture SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Richard Ker
- Tree Breeding AustraliaMount GambierSAAustralia
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- UPSCSwedish University of Agriculture SciencesUmeåSweden
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29
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Cheng X, Li G, Krom N, Tang Y, Wen J. Genetic regulation of flowering time and inflorescence architecture by MtFDa and MtFTa1 in Medicago truncatula. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:161-178. [PMID: 33631796 PMCID: PMC8133602 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of floral transition and inflorescence development is crucial for plant reproductive success. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is one of the central players in the flowering genetic regulatory network, whereas FLOWERING LOCUS D (FD), an interactor of FT and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1), plays significant roles in both floral transition and inflorescence development. Here we show the genetic regulatory networks of floral transition and inflorescence development in Medicago truncatula by characterizing MtFTa1 and MtFDa and their genetic interactions with key inflorescence meristem (IM) regulators. Both MtFTa1 and MtFDa promote flowering; the double mutant mtfda mtfta1 does not proceed to floral transition. RNAseq analysis reveals that a broad range of genes involved in flowering regulation and flower development are up- or downregulated by MtFTa1 and/or MtFDa mutations. Furthermore, mutation of MtFDa also affects the inflorescence architecture. Genetic analyses of MtFDa, MtFTa1, MtTFL1, and MtFULc show that MtFDa is epistatic to MtFULc and MtTFL1 in controlling IM identity. Our results demonstrate that MtFTa1 and MtFDa are major flowering regulators in M. truncatula, and MtFDa is essential both in floral transition and secondary inflorescence development. The study will advance our understanding of the genetic regulation of flowering time and inflorescence development in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Cheng
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - Guifen Li
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - Nick Krom
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - Yuhong Tang
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
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30
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Cerise M, Giaume F, Galli M, Khahani B, Lucas J, Podico F, Tavakol E, Parcy F, Gallavotti A, Brambilla V, Fornara F. OsFD4 promotes the rice floral transition via florigen activation complex formation in the shoot apical meristem. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:429-443. [PMID: 32737885 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In rice, the florigens Heading Date 3a (Hd3a) and Rice Flowering Locus T 1 (RFT1), OsFD-like basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors, and Gf14 proteins assemble into florigen activation/repressor complexes (FACs/FRCs), which regulate transition to flowering in leaves and apical meristem. Only OsFD1 has been described as part of complexes promoting flowering at the meristem, and little is known about the role of other bZIP transcription factors, the combinatorial complexity of FAC formation, and their DNA-binding properties. Here, we used mutant analysis, protein-protein interaction assays and DNA affinity purification (DAP) sequencing coupled to in silico prediction of binding syntaxes to study several bZIP proteins that assemble into FACs or FRCs. We identified OsFD4 as a component of a FAC promoting flowering at the shoot apical meristem, downstream of OsFD1. The osfd4 mutants are late flowering and delay expression of genes promoting inflorescence development. Protein-protein interactions indicate an extensive network of contacts between several bZIPs and Gf14 proteins. Finally, we identified genomic regions bound by bZIPs with promotive and repressive effects on flowering. We conclude that distinct bZIPs orchestrate floral induction at the meristem and that FAC formation is largely combinatorial. While binding to the same consensus motif, their DNA-binding syntax is different, suggesting discriminatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cerise
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20123, Italy
- Department of Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, D-50829, Germany
| | - Francesca Giaume
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20123, Italy
| | - Mary Galli
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Bahman Khahani
- Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71441-65186, Iran
| | - Jérémy Lucas
- CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-DBSCI-LPCV, University Grenoble Alpes, 17 avenue des martyrs, Grenoble, F-38054, France
| | - Federico Podico
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20123, Italy
| | - Elahe Tavakol
- Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71441-65186, Iran
| | - François Parcy
- CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-DBSCI-LPCV, University Grenoble Alpes, 17 avenue des martyrs, Grenoble, F-38054, France
| | - Andrea Gallavotti
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Vittoria Brambilla
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20123, Italy
| | - Fabio Fornara
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20123, Italy
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31
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Sobral R, Silva HG, Laranjeira S, Magalhães J, Andrade L, Alhinho AT, Costa MMR. Unisexual flower initiation in the monoecious Quercus suber L.: a molecular approach. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1260-1276. [PMID: 32365206 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several plant species display a temporal separation of the male and female flower organ development to enhance outbreeding; however, little is known regarding the genetic mechanisms controlling this temporal separation. Quercus suber is a monoecious oak tree with accentuated protandry: in late winter, unisexual male flowers emerge adjacent to the swollen buds, whereas unisexual female flowers emerge in the axils of newly formed leaves formed during spring (4-8 weeks after male flowering). Here, a phylogenetic profiling has led to the identification of cork oak homologs of key floral regulatory genes. The role of these cork oak homologs during flower development was identified with functional studies in Arabidopsis thaliana. The expression profile throughout the year of flower regulators (inducers and repressors), in leaves and buds, suggests that the development of male and female flowers may be preceded by separated induction events. Female flowers are most likely induced during the vegetative flush occurring in spring, whereas male flowers may be induced in early summer. Male flowers stay enclosed within the pre-dormant buds, but complete their development before the vegetative flush of the following year, displaying a long period of anthesis that spans the dormant period. Our results portray a genetic mechanism that may explain similar reproductive habits in other monoecious tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rómulo Sobral
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Helena Gomes Silva
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sara Laranjeira
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Magalhães
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Luís Andrade
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Alhinho
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Ribeiro Costa
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Romera-Branchat M, Severing E, Pocard C, Ohr H, Vincent C, Née G, Martinez-Gallegos R, Jang S, Andrés F, Madrigal P, Coupland G. Functional Divergence of the Arabidopsis Florigen-Interacting bZIP Transcription Factors FD and FDP. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107717. [PMID: 32492426 PMCID: PMC7273178 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowering of many plant species depends on interactions between basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors and systemically transported florigen proteins. Members of the genus Arabidopsis contain two of these bZIPs, FD and FDP, which we show have largely complementary expression patterns in shoot apices before and during flowering. CRISPR-Cas9-induced null mutants for FDP flower slightly earlier than wild-type, whereas fd mutants are late flowering. Identical G-box sequences are enriched at FD and FDP binding sites, but only FD binds to genes involved in flowering and only fd alters their transcription. However, both proteins bind to genes involved in responses to the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), which controls developmental and stress responses. Many of these genes are differentially expressed in both fd and fdp mutant seedlings, which also show reduced ABA sensitivity. Thus, florigen-interacting bZIPs have distinct functions in flowering dependent on their expression patterns and, at earlier stages in development, play common roles in phytohormone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maida Romera-Branchat
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Edouard Severing
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Chloé Pocard
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hyonhwa Ohr
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Coral Vincent
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Guillaume Née
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Seonghoe Jang
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Fernando Andrés
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Pedro Madrigal
- Department of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - George Coupland
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany.
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33
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A genetic framework for regulation and seasonal adaptation of shoot architecture in hybrid aspen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11523-11530. [PMID: 32393640 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004705117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Shoot architecture is critical for optimizing plant adaptation and productivity. In contrast with annuals, branching in perennials native to temperate and boreal regions must be coordinated with seasonal growth cycles. How branching is coordinated with seasonal growth is poorly understood. We identified key components of the genetic network that controls branching and its regulation by seasonal cues in the model tree hybrid aspen. Our results demonstrate that branching and its control by seasonal cues is mediated by mutually antagonistic action of aspen orthologs of the flowering regulators TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) and APETALA1 (LIKE APETALA 1/LAP1). LAP1 promotes branching through local action in axillary buds. LAP1 acts in a cytokinin-dependent manner, stimulating expression of the cell-cycle regulator AIL1 and suppressing BRANCHED1 expression to promote branching. Short photoperiod and low temperature, the major seasonal cues heralding winter, suppress branching by simultaneous activation of TFL1 and repression of the LAP1 pathway. Our results thus reveal the genetic network mediating control of branching and its regulation by environmental cues facilitating integration of branching with seasonal growth control in perennial trees.
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34
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Sakuma S, Schnurbusch T. Of floral fortune: tinkering with the grain yield potential of cereal crops. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1873-1882. [PMID: 31509613 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the yield potential and stability of small-grain cereals, such as wheat (Triticum sp.), rice (Oryza sativa), and barley (Hordeum vulgare), is a priority for global food security. Over the last several decades, plant breeders have increased grain yield mainly by increasing the number of grains produced in each inflorescence. This trait is determined by the number of spikelets per spike and the number of fertile florets per spikelet. Recent genetic and genomic advances in cereal grass species have identified the molecular determinants of grain number and facilitated the exchange of information across genera. In this review, we focus on the genetic basis of inflorescence architecture in Triticeae crops, highlighting recent insights that have helped to improve grain yield by, for example, reducing the preprogrammed abortion of floral organs. The accumulating information on inflorescence development can be harnessed to enhance grain yield by comparative trait reconstruction and rational design to boost the yield potential of grain crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Sakuma
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, 06466, Germany
- Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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35
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Maurya JP, Singh RK, Miskolczi PC, Prasad AN, Jonsson K, Wu F, Bhalerao RP. Branching Regulator BRC1 Mediates Photoperiodic Control of Seasonal Growth in Hybrid Aspen. Curr Biol 2019; 30:122-126.e2. [PMID: 31839452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cessation of growth as winter approaches is a key adaptive trait for survival of perennial plants, such as long-lived trees native to boreal and temperate regions [1, 2]. The timing of growth cessation in these plants is controlled by photoperiodic cues. As shown recently, perception of growth-repressive short photoperiod (SP) mediated via components of circadian clock results in downregulation of the tree ortholog of Arabidopsis flowering regulator FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), FT2 [3, 4]. Downregulation of FT2 results in suppression of downstream components LAP1 (orthologous to the Arabidopsis floral meristem identity gene APETALA1) and AIL1 (orthologous to AINTEGUMENTA in Arabidopsis), culminating in induction of growth cessation and bud set [5-7]. Results presented here reveal that, in addition to the CO/FT pathway, a photoperiodically controlled negative feedback loop involving a tree ortholog of Arabidopsis BRANCHED1 (BRC1) (a member of TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1, CYCLOIDEA, PCF family), LAP1, and FT2 participates in regulation of seasonal growth in the model tree hybrid aspen. In growth-promotive long photoperiod, LAP1 suppresses expression of BRC1, but upon perception of growth-repressive SP, downregulation of LAP1 de-represses expression of its downstream target BRC1. BRC1 physically interacts with FT2, and BRC1-FT interaction further reinforces the effect of SP and triggers growth cessation by antagonizing FT action. Accordingly, BRC1 gain and loss of function result in early and retarded growth cessation responses to SP, respectively. Thus, these results reveal a regulatory feedback loop that reinforces responses to SP and induction of seasonal growth cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay P Maurya
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pal C Miskolczi
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Amritha N Prasad
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Jonsson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Feng Wu
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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36
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Yu D, Wildhagen H, Tylewicz S, Miskolczi PC, Bhalerao RP, Polle A. Abscisic acid signalling mediates biomass trade-off and allocation in poplar. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1192-1203. [PMID: 31050802 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a well known stress hormone regulating drought adaptation of plants. Here, we hypothesised that genetic engineering of genes involved in ABA stress signalling and photoperiodic regulation affected drought resistance by trade-off with biomass production in perennial poplar trees. We grew Populus tremula × tremuloides wild-type (T89) and various transgenic lines (two transformation events of 35S::abi1-1, 35S::RCAR, RCAR:RNAi, 35S::ABI3, 35S::AREB3, 35S::FDL1, FDL1:RNAi, 35S::FDL2 and FDL2:RNAi) outdoors and exposed them to drought in the second growth period. After the winter, the surviving lines showed a huge variation in stomatal conductance, leaf size, whole-plant leaf area, tree height, stem diameter, and biomass. Whole-plant leaf area was a strong predictor for woody biomass production. The 35S::AREB3 lines were compromised in biomass production under well irrigated conditions compared with wild-type poplars but were resilient to drought. ABA signalling regulated FDL1 and FDL2 expression under stress. Poplar lines overexpressing FDL1 or FDL2 were drought-sensitive; they shed leaves and lost root biomass, whereas the FDL RNAi lines showed higher biomass allocation to roots under drought. These results assign a new function in drought acclimation to FDL genes aside from photoperiodic regulation. Our results imply a critical role for ABA-mediated processes in balancing biomass production and climate adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dade Yu
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Wildhagen
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Szymon Tylewicz
- Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umea Plant Science Centre, 90736, Umea, Sweden
| | - Pal C Miskolczi
- Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umea Plant Science Centre, 90736, Umea, Sweden
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umea Plant Science Centre, 90736, Umea, Sweden
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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37
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Natarajan B, Kondhare KR, Hannapel DJ, Banerjee AK. Mobile RNAs and proteins: Prospects in storage organ development of tuber and root crops. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 284:73-81. [PMID: 31084881 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Storage tuber and root crops make up a significant portion of the world's subsistence food supply. Because of their importance in food security, yield enhancement has become a priority. A major focus has been to understand the biology of belowground storage organ development. Considerable insights have been gained studying tuber development in potato. We now know that two mobile signals, a full-length mRNA, StBEL5, and a protein, StSP6A, play pivotal roles in regulating tuber development. Under favorable conditions, these signals move from leaves to a belowground modified stem (stolon) and regulate genes that activate tuberization. Overexpression of StBEL5 or StSP6A increases tuber yield even under non-inductive conditions. The mRNAs of two close homologs of StBEL5, StBEL11 and StBEL29, are also known to be mobile but act as repressors of tuberization. Polypyrimidine tract-binding proteins (PTBs) are RNA-binding proteins that facilitate the movement of these mRNAs. Considering their role in tuberization, it is possible that these mobile signals play a major role in storage root development as well. In this review, we explore the presence of these signals and their relevance in the development and yield potential of several important storage root crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani Natarajan
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Biology Division, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Kirtikumar R Kondhare
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Biology Division, Pune, 411008, India
| | - David J Hannapel
- Plant Biology Major, 253 Horticulture Hall, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, IA, United States
| | - Anjan K Banerjee
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Biology Division, Pune, 411008, India.
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38
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Abstract
In perennial plants, seasonal shifts provide cues that control adaptive growth patterns of the shoot apex. However, where these seasonal cues are sensed and communicated to the shoot apex remains unknown. We demonstrate that systemic signals from leaves play key roles in seasonal control of shoot growth in model tree hybrid aspen. Grafting experiments reveal that the tree ortholog of Arabidopsis flowering time regulator FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and the plant hormone gibberellic acid (GA) systemically convey seasonal cues to the shoot apex. GA (unlike FT) also acts locally in shoot apex, downstream of FT in seasonal growth control. At the shoot apex, antagonistic factors-LAP1, a target of FT and the FT antagonist TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1)-act locally to promote and suppress seasonal growth, respectively. These data reveal seasonal changes perceived in leaves that are communicated to the shoot apex by systemic signals that, in concert with locally acting components, control adaptive growth patterns.
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39
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Fritsche S, Klocko AL, Boron A, Brunner AM, Thorlby G. Strategies for Engineering Reproductive Sterility in Plantation Forests. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1671. [PMID: 30498505 PMCID: PMC6249417 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A considerable body of research exists concerning the development of technologies to engineer sterility in forest trees. The primary driver for this work has been to mitigate concerns arising from gene flow from commercial plantings of genetically engineered (GE) trees to non-GE plantations, or to wild or feral relatives. More recently, there has been interest in the use of sterility technologies as a means to mitigate the global environmental and socio-economic damage caused by the escape of non-native invasive tree species from planted forests. The current sophisticated understanding of the molecular processes underpinning sexual reproduction in angiosperms has facilitated the successful demonstration of a number of control strategies in hardwood tree species, particularly in the model hardwood tree Poplar. Despite gymnosperm softwood trees, such as pines, making up the majority of the global planted forest estate, only pollen sterility, via cell ablation, has been demonstrated in softwoods. Progress has been limited by the lack of an endogenous model system, long timescales required for testing, and key differences between softwood reproductive pathways and those of well characterized angiosperm model systems. The availability of comprehensive genome and transcriptome resources has allowed unprecedented insights into the reproductive processes of both hardwood and softwood tree species. This increased fundamental knowledge together with the implementation of new breeding technologies, such as gene editing, which potentially face a less oppressive regulatory regime, is making the implementation of engineered sterility into commercial forestry a realistic possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy L. Klocko
- Department of Biology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | | | - Amy M. Brunner
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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40
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A genetic network mediating the control of bud break in hybrid aspen. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4173. [PMID: 30301891 PMCID: PMC6177393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In boreal and temperate ecosystems, temperature signal regulates the reactivation of growth (bud break) in perennials in the spring. Molecular basis of temperature-mediated control of bud break is poorly understood. Here we identify a genetic network mediating the control of bud break in hybrid aspen. The key components of this network are transcription factor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE-LIKE (SVL), closely related to Arabidopsis floral repressor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE, and its downstream target TCP18, a tree homolog of a branching regulator in Arabidopsis. SVL and TCP18 are downregulated by low temperature. Genetic evidence demonstrates their role as negative regulators of bud break. SVL mediates bud break by antagonistically acting on gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) pathways, which function as positive and negative regulators of bud break, respectively. Thus, our results reveal the mechanistic basis for temperature-cued seasonal control of a key phenological event in perennial plants.
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41
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Grimberg Å, Lager I, Street NR, Robinson KM, Marttila S, Mähler N, Ingvarsson PK, Bhalerao RP. Storage lipid accumulation is controlled by photoperiodic signal acting via regulators of growth cessation and dormancy in hybrid aspen. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:619-630. [PMID: 29761498 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The signalling pathways that control seasonal modulation of carbon metabolism in perennial plants are poorly understood. Using genetic, metabolic and natural variation approaches, we identify factors mediating photoperiodic control of storage lipid accumulation in the model tree hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides). We characterized lipid accumulation in transgenic hybrid aspen with impaired photoperiodic and hormonal responses. Genome-wide association mapping was performed in Swedish aspen (P. tremula) genotypes to determine genetic loci associated with genotype variation in lipid content. Our data show that the storage lipid triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulates in cambial meristem and pith rays of aspen in response to photoperiodic signal controlling growth cessation and dormancy induction. We show that photoperiodic control of TAG accumulation is mediated by the FLOWERING LOCUS T/CONSTANS module, which also controls the induction of growth cessation. Hormonal and chromatin remodelling pathways also contribute to TAG accumulation by photoperiodic signal. Natural variation exists in lipid accumulation that is controlled by input from multiple loci. Our data shed light on how the control of storage metabolism is temporally coordinated with growth cessation and dormancy by photoperiodic signal, and reveals that storage lipid accumulation between seeds and perennating organs of trees may involve distinct regulatory circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Grimberg
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtskyddsvägen 1, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Ida Lager
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtskyddsvägen 1, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Nathaniel R Street
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Artedigränd 7, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kathryn M Robinson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Artedigränd 7, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Salla Marttila
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtskyddsvägen 1, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mähler
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Artedigränd 7, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pär K Ingvarsson
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas allé 5, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd, 90183, Umeå, Sweden
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42
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Ding J, Böhlenius H, Rühl MG, Chen P, Sane S, Zambrano JA, Zheng B, Eriksson ME, Nilsson O. GIGANTEA-like genes control seasonal growth cessation in Populus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018. [PMID: 29532940 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Survival of trees growing in temperate zones requires cycling between active growth and dormancy. This involves growth cessation in the autumn triggered by a photoperiod shorter than the critical day length. Variations in GIGANTEA (GI)-like genes have been associated with phenology in a range of different tree species, but characterization of the functions of these genes in the process is still lacking. We describe the identification of the Populus orthologs of GI and their critical role in short-day-induced growth cessation. Using ectopic expression and silencing, gene expression analysis, protein interaction and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, we show that PttGIs are likely to act in a complex with PttFKF1s (FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1) and PttCDFs (CYCLING DOF FACTOR) to control the expression of PttFT2, the key gene regulating short-day-induced growth cessation in Populus. In contrast to Arabidopsis, in which the GI-CONSTANS (CO)-FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) regulon is a crucial day-length sensor for flowering time, our study suggests that, in Populus, PttCO-independent regulation of PttFT2 by PttGI is more important in the photoperiodic control of growth cessation and bud set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Ding
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henrik Böhlenius
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Mark Georg Rühl
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peng Chen
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Shashank Sane
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jose A Zambrano
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Maria E Eriksson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ove Nilsson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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43
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Tylewicz S, Petterle A, Marttila S, Miskolczi P, Azeez A, Singh RK, Immanen J, Mähler N, Hvidsten TR, Eklund DM, Bowman JL, Helariutta Y, Bhalerao RP. Photoperiodic control of seasonal growth is mediated by ABA acting on cell-cell communication. Science 2018. [PMID: 29519919 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan8576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In temperate and boreal ecosystems, seasonal cycles of growth and dormancy allow perennial plants to adapt to winter conditions. We show, in hybrid aspen trees, that photoperiodic regulation of dormancy is mechanistically distinct from autumnal growth cessation. Dormancy sets in when symplastic intercellular communication through plasmodesmata is blocked by a process dependent on the phytohormone abscisic acid. The communication blockage prevents growth-promoting signals from accessing the meristem. Thus, precocious growth is disallowed during dormancy. The dormant period, which supports robust survival of the aspen tree in winter, is due to loss of access to growth-promoting signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tylewicz
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - A Petterle
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - S Marttila
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - P Miskolczi
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - A Azeez
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Jain R&D Laboratory, Agri Park, Jain Hills, Shirsoli Road, Jalgaon, India
| | - R K Singh
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Immanen
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, Post Office Box 65, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Mähler
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - T R Hvidsten
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - D M Eklund
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J L Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Y Helariutta
- Sainsbury Laboratory, Cambridge University, Bateman Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - R P Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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44
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Triozzi PM, Ramos-Sánchez JM, Hernández-Verdeja T, Moreno-Cortés A, Allona I, Perales M. Photoperiodic Regulation of Shoot Apical Growth in Poplar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1030. [PMID: 30057588 PMCID: PMC6053638 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Woody perennials adapt their genetic traits to local climate conditions. Day length plays an essential role in the seasonal growth of poplar trees. When photoperiod falls below a given critical day length, poplars undergo growth cessation and bud set. A leaf-localized mechanism of photoperiod measurement triggers the transcriptional modulation of a long distance signaling molecule, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). This molecule targets meristem function giving rise to these seasonal responses. Studies over the past decade have identified conserved orthologous genes involved in photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis that regulate poplar vegetative growth. However, phenological and molecular examination of key photoperiod signaling molecules reveals functional differences between these two plant model systems suggesting alternative components and/or regulatory mechanisms operating during poplar vegetative growth. Here, we review current knowledge and provide new data regarding the molecular components of the photoperiod measuring mechanism that regulates annual growth in poplar focusing on main achievements and new perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo M. Triozzi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
| | - José M. Ramos-Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Hernández-Verdeja
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Moreno-Cortés
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Allona
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Isabel Allona
| | - Mariano Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
- Mariano Perales
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45
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Maurya JP, Triozzi PM, Bhalerao RP, Perales M. Environmentally Sensitive Molecular Switches Drive Poplar Phenology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1873. [PMID: 30619428 PMCID: PMC6304729 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Boreal and temperate woody perennials are highly adapted to their local climate, which delimits the length of the growing period. Moreover, seasonal control of growth-dormancy cycles impacts tree productivity and geographical distribution. Therefore, traits related to phenology are of great interest to tree breeders and particularly relevant in the context of global warming. The recent application of transcriptional profiling and genetic association studies to poplar species has provided a robust molecular framework for investigating molecules with potential links to phenology. The environment dictates phenology by modulating the expression of endogenous molecular switches, the identities of which are currently under investigation. This review outlines the current knowledge of these molecular switches in poplar and covers several perspectives concerning the environmental control of growth-dormancy cycles. In the process, we highlight certain genetic pathways which are affected by short days, low temperatures and cold-induced signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay P. Maurya
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paolo M. Triozzi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rishikesh P. Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Rishikesh P. Bhalerao, Mariano Perales,
| | - Mariano Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rishikesh P. Bhalerao, Mariano Perales,
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46
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Lloret A, Badenes ML, Ríos G. Modulation of Dormancy and Growth Responses in Reproductive Buds of Temperate Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1368. [PMID: 30271422 PMCID: PMC6146825 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
During autumn perennial trees cease growth and form structures called buds in order to protect meristems from the unfavorable environmental conditions, including low temperature and desiccation. In addition to increased tolerance to these abiotic stresses, reproductive buds modulate developmental programs leading to dormancy induction to avoid premature growth resumption, and flowering pathways. Stress tolerance, dormancy, and flowering processes are thus physically and temporarily restricted to a bud, and consequently forced to interact at the regulatory level. We review recent genomic, genetic, and molecular contributions to the knowledge of these three processes in trees, highlighting the role of epigenetic modifications, phytohormones, and common regulatory factors. Finally, we emphasize the utility of transcriptomic approaches for the identification of key structural and regulatory genes involved in bud processes, illustrated with our own experience using peach as a model.
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47
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Conde D, Moreno-Cortés A, Dervinis C, Ramos-Sánchez JM, Kirst M, Perales M, González-Melendi P, Allona I. Overexpression of DEMETER, a DNA demethylase, promotes early apical bud maturation in poplar. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2806-2819. [PMID: 28810288 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The transition from active growth to dormancy is critical for the survival of perennial plants. We identified a DEMETER-like (CsDML) cDNA from a winter-enriched cDNA subtractive library in chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), an economically and ecologically important species. Next, we characterized this DNA demethylase and its putative ortholog in the more experimentally tractable hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba), under the signals that trigger bud dormancy in trees. We performed phylogenetic and protein sequence analysis, gene expression profiling, and 5-methyl-cytosine methylation immunodetection studies to evaluate the role of CsDML and its homolog in poplar, PtaDML6. Transgenic hybrid poplars overexpressing CsDML were produced and analysed. Short days and cold temperatures induced CsDML and PtaDML6. Overexpression of CsDML accelerated short-day-induced bud formation, specifically from Stages 1 to 0. Buds acquired a red-brown coloration earlier than wild-type plants, alongside with the up-regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis enzymes and accumulation of flavonoids in the shoot apical meristem and bud scales. Our data show that the CsDML gene induces bud formation needed for the survival of the apical meristem under the harsh conditions of winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Conde
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Moreno-Cortés
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher Dervinis
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - José M Ramos-Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matias Kirst
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Mariano Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Melendi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Allona
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
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48
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Brambilla V, Martignago D, Goretti D, Cerise M, Somssich M, de Rosa M, Galbiati F, Shrestha R, Lazzaro F, Simon R, Fornara F. Antagonistic Transcription Factor Complexes Modulate the Floral Transition in Rice. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:2801-2816. [PMID: 29042404 PMCID: PMC5728136 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants measure day or night lengths to coordinate specific developmental changes with a favorable season. In rice (Oryza sativa), the reproductive phase is initiated by exposure to short days when expression of HEADING DATE 3a (Hd3a) and RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T 1 (RFT1) is induced in leaves. The cognate proteins are components of the florigenic signal and move systemically through the phloem to reach the shoot apical meristem (SAM). In the SAM, they form a transcriptional activation complex with the bZIP transcription factor OsFD1 to start panicle development. Here, we show that Hd3a and RFT1 can form transcriptional activation or repression complexes also in leaves and feed back to regulate their own transcription. Activation complexes depend on OsFD1 to promote flowering. However, additional bZIPs, including Hd3a BINDING REPRESSOR FACTOR1 (HBF1) and HBF2, form repressor complexes that reduce Hd3a and RFT1 expression to delay flowering. We propose that Hd3a and RFT1 are also active locally in leaves to fine-tune photoperiodic flowering responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Brambilla
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Goretti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Cerise
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marc Somssich
- Institute for Developmental Genetics and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Roshi Shrestha
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Lazzaro
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Rüdiger Simon
- Institute for Developmental Genetics and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabio Fornara
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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49
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Conde D, Le Gac AL, Perales M, Dervinis C, Kirst M, Maury S, González-Melendi P, Allona I. Chilling-responsive DEMETER-LIKE DNA demethylase mediates in poplar bud break. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2236-2249. [PMID: 28707409 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Annual dormancy-growth cycle is a developmental and physiological process essential for the survival of deciduous trees in temperate and boreal forests. Seasonal control of shoot growth in woody perennials requires specific genetic programmes responding to environmental signals. The environmental-controlled mechanisms that regulate the shift between winter dormancy and the growth-promoting genetic programmes are still unknown. Here, we show that dynamics in genomic DNA methylation levels are involved in the regulation of dormancy-growth cycle in poplar. The reactivation of growth in the apical shoot during bud break process in spring is preceded by a progressive reduction of genomic DNA methylation in apex tissue. The induction in apex tissue of a chilling-dependent poplar DEMETER-LIKE 10 (PtaDML10) DNA demethylase precedes shoot growth reactivation. Transgenic poplars showing downregulation of PtaDML8/10 caused delayed bud break. Genome-wide transcriptome and methylome analysis and data mining revealed that the gene targets of DEMETER-LIKE-dependent DNA demethylation are genetically associated with bud break. These data point to a chilling-dependent DEMETER-like DNA demethylase mechanisms being involved in the shift from winter dormancy to a condition that precedes shoot apical vegetative growth in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Conde
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne-Laure Le Gac
- LBLGC EA1207, USC 1328 INRA, University Orléans, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Mariano Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher Dervinis
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Matias Kirst
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Stéphane Maury
- LBLGC EA1207, USC 1328 INRA, University Orléans, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Pablo González-Melendi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Allona
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
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50
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Maurya JP, Bhalerao RP. Photoperiod- and temperature-mediated control of growth cessation and dormancy in trees: a molecular perspective. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 120:351-360. [PMID: 28605491 PMCID: PMC5591416 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND How plants adapt their developmental patterns to regular seasonal changes is an important question in biology. The annual growth cycle in perennial long-lived trees is yet another example of how plants can adapt to seasonal changes. The two main signals that plants rely on to respond to seasonal changes are photoperiod and temperature, and these signals have critical roles in the temporal regulation of the annual growth cycle of trees. SCOPE This review presents the latest findings to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms that underlie how photoperiodic and temperature signals regulate seasonal growth in trees. CONCLUSION The results point to a high level of conservation in the signalling pathways that mediate photoperiodic control of seasonal growth in trees and flowering in annual plants such as arabidopsis. Furthermore, the data indicate that symplastic communication may mediate certain aspects of seasonal growth. Although considerable insight into the control of phenology in model plants such as poplar and spruce has been obtained, the future challenge is extending these studies to other, non-model trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay P Maurya
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
- For correspondence. E-mail
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