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O'Connor AM, Hagenauer MH, Thew Forrester LC, Maras PM, Arakawa K, Hebda-Bauer EK, Khalil H, Richardson ER, Rob FI, Sannah Y, Watson SJ, Akil H. Adolescent environmental enrichment induces social resilience and alters neural gene expression in a selectively bred rodent model with anxious phenotype. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 31:100651. [PMID: 38933284 PMCID: PMC11201356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress is a major influence on mental health status; the ways that individuals respond to or copes with stressors determine whether they are negatively affected in the future. Stress responses are established by an interplay between genetics, environment, and life experiences. Psychosocial stress is particularly impactful during adolescence, a critical period for the development of mood disorders. In this study we compared two established, selectively-bred Sprague Dawley rat lines, the "internalizing" bred Low Responder (bLR) line versus the "externalizing" bred High Responder (bHR) line, to investigate how genetic temperament and adolescent environment impact future responses to social interactions and psychosocial stress, and how these determinants of stress response interact. Male bLR and bHR rats were exposed to social and environmental enrichment in adolescence prior to experiencing social defeat and were then assessed for social interaction and anxiety-like behavior. Adolescent enrichment caused rats to display more social interaction, as well as nominally less social avoidance, less submission during defeat, and resilience to the effects of social stress on corticosterone, in a manner that seemed more notable in bLRs. For bHRs, enrichment also caused greater aggression during a neutral social encounter and nominally during defeat, and decreased anxiety-like behavior. To explore the neurobiology underlying the development of social resilience in the anxious phenotype bLRs, RNA-seq was conducted on the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens, two brain regions that mediate stress regulation and social behavior. Gene sets previously associated with stress, social behavior, aggression and exploratory activity were enriched with differential expression in both regions, with a particularly large effect on gene sets that regulate social behaviors. Our findings provide further evidence that adolescent enrichment can serve as an inoculating experience against future stressors. The ability to induce social resilience in a usually anxious line of animals by manipulating their environment has translational implications, as it underscores the feasibility of intervention strategies targeted at genetically vulnerable adolescent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan Hastings Hagenauer
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Liam Cannon Thew Forrester
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Pamela M. Maras
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Keiko Arakawa
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Elaine K. Hebda-Bauer
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Huzefa Khalil
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Evelyn R. Richardson
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Farizah I. Rob
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Yusra Sannah
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Stanley J. Watson
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Huda Akil
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
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O'Connor AM, Hagenauer MH, Forrester LCT, Maras PM, Arakawa K, Hebda-Bauer EK, Khalil H, Richardson ER, Rob FI, Sannah Y, Watson SJ, Akil H. Adolescent environmental enrichment induces social resilience and alters neural gene expression in a selectively bred rodent model with anxious phenotype. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.03.560702. [PMID: 38645129 PMCID: PMC11030238 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.03.560702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Stress is a major influence on mental health status; the ways that individuals respond to or copes with stressors determine whether they are negatively affected in the future. Stress responses are established by an interplay between genetics, environment, and life experiences. Psychosocial stress is particularly impactful during adolescence, a critical period for the development of mood disorders. In this study we compared two established, selectively-bred Sprague Dawley rat lines, the "internalizing" bred Low Responder (bLR) line versus the "externalizing" bred High Responder (bHR) line, to investigate how genetic temperament and adolescent environment impact future responses to social interactions and psychosocial stress, and how these determinants of stress response interact. Male bLR and bHR rats were exposed to social and environmental enrichment in adolescence prior to experiencing social defeat and were then assessed for social interaction and anxiety-like behavior. Adolescent enrichment caused rats to display more social interaction, as well as nominally less social avoidance, less submission during defeat, and resilience to the effects of social stress on corticosterone, in a manner that seemed more notable in bLRs. For bHRs, enrichment also caused greater aggression during a neutral social encounter and nominally during defeat, and decreased anxiety-like behavior. To explore the neurobiology underlying the development of social resilience in the anxious phenotype bLRs, RNA-seq was conducted on the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens, two brain regions that mediate stress regulation and social behavior. Gene sets previously associated with stress, social behavior, aggression and exploratory activity were enriched with differential expression in both regions, with a particularly large effect on gene sets that regulate social behaviors. Our findings provide further evidence that adolescent enrichment can serve as an inoculating experience against future stressors. The ability to induce social resilience in a usually anxious line of animals by manipulating their environment has translational implications, as it underscores the feasibility of intervention strategies targeted at genetically vulnerable adolescent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huda Akil
- Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Thümmler K, Wrzos C, Franz J, McElroy D, Cole JJ, Hayden L, Arseni D, Schwarz F, Junker A, Edgar JM, Kügler S, Neef A, Wolf F, Stadelmann C, Linington C. Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9)-mediated neurodegeneration: Implications for progressive multiple sclerosis? Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12935. [PMID: 37705188 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling is dysregulated in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological and psychiatric conditions, but there is little or no consensus as to how individual FGF family members contribute to disease pathogenesis. Lesion development in MS is associated with increased expression of FGF1, FGF2 and FGF9, all of which modulate remyelination in a variety of experimental settings. However, FGF9 is also selectively upregulated in major depressive disorder (MDD), prompting us to speculate it may also have a direct effect on neuronal function and survival. METHODS Transcriptional profiling of myelinating cultures treated with FGF1, FGF2 or FGF9 was performed, and the effects of FGF9 on cortical neurons investigated using a combination of transcriptional, electrophysiological and immunofluorescence microscopic techniques. The in vivo effects of FGF9 were explored by stereotactic injection of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors encoding either FGF9 or EGFP into the rat motor cortex. RESULTS Transcriptional profiling of myelinating cultures after FGF9 treatment revealed a distinct neuronal response with a pronounced downregulation of gene networks associated with axonal transport and synaptic function. In cortical neuronal cultures, FGF9 also rapidly downregulated expression of genes associated with synaptic function. This was associated with a complete block in the development of photo-inducible spiking activity, as demonstrated using multi-electrode recordings of channel rhodopsin-transfected rat cortical neurons in vitro and, ultimately, neuronal cell death. Overexpression of FGF9 in vivo resulted in rapid loss of neurons and subsequent development of chronic grey matter lesions with neuroaxonal reduction and ensuing myelin loss. CONCLUSIONS These observations identify overexpression of FGF9 as a mechanism by which neuroaxonal pathology could develop independently of immune-mediated demyelination in MS. We suggest targeting neuronal FGF9-dependent pathways may provide a novel strategy to slow if not halt neuroaxonal atrophy and loss in MS, MDD and potentially other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Thümmler
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Claudia Wrzos
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Franz
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel McElroy
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John J Cole
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lorna Hayden
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Diana Arseni
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Friedrich Schwarz
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Junker
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia M Edgar
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sebastian Kügler
- Institute for Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Neef
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fred Wolf
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Network of Excitable Cells (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Network of Excitable Cells (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Zhai W, Zhang T, Jin Y, Huang S, Xu M, Pan J. The fibroblast growth factor system in cognitive disorders and dementia. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1136266. [PMID: 37214403 PMCID: PMC10196031 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1136266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is the core precursor to dementia and other cognitive disorders. Current hypotheses suggest that they share a common pathological basis, such as inflammation, restricted neurogenesis, neuroendocrine disorders, and the destruction of neurovascular units. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are cell growth factors that play essential roles in various pathophysiological processes via paracrine or autocrine pathways. This system consists of FGFs and their receptors (FGFRs), which may hold tremendous potential to become a new biological marker in the diagnosis of dementia and other cognitive disorders, and serve as a potential target for drug development against dementia and cognitive function impairment. Here, we review the available evidence detailing the relevant pathways mediated by multiple FGFs and FGFRs, and recent studies examining their role in the pathogenesis and treatment of cognitive disorders and dementia.
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Parthasarathy G, Pattison MB, Midkiff CC. The FGF/FGFR system in the microglial neuroinflammation with Borrelia burgdorferi: likely intersectionality with other neurological conditions. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:10. [PMID: 36650549 PMCID: PMC9847051 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lyme neuroborreliosis, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS, PNS). The CNS manifestations, especially at later stages, can mimic/cause many other neurological conditions including psychiatric disorders, dementia, and others, with a likely neuroinflammatory basis. The pathogenic mechanisms associated with Lyme neuroborreliosis, however, are not fully understood. METHODS In this study, using cultures of primary rhesus microglia, we explored the roles of several fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in neuroinflammation associated with live B. burgdorferi exposure. FGFR specific siRNA and inhibitors, custom antibody arrays, ELISAs, immunofluorescence and microscopy were used to comprehensively analyze the roles of these molecules in microglial neuroinflammation due to B. burgdorferi. RESULTS FGFR1-3 expressions were upregulated in microglia in response to B. burgdorferi. Inhibition of FGFR 1, 2 and 3 signaling using siRNA and three different inhibitors showed that FGFR signaling is proinflammatory in response to the Lyme disease bacterium. FGFR1 activation also contributed to non-viable B. burgdorferi mediated neuroinflammation. Analysis of the B. burgdorferi conditioned microglial medium by a custom antibody array showed that several FGFs are induced by the live bacterium including FGF6, FGF10 and FGF12, which in turn induce IL-6 and/or CXCL8, indicating a proinflammatory nature. To our knowledge, this is also the first-ever described role for FGF6 and FGF12 in CNS neuroinflammation. FGF23 upregulation, in addition, was observed in response to the Lyme disease bacterium. B. burgdorferi exposure also downregulated many FGFs including FGF 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 16, 20 and 21. Some of the upregulated FGFs have been implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD) or dementia development, while the downregulated ones have been demonstrated to have protective roles in epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, spinal cord injury, blood-brain barrier stability, and others. CONCLUSIONS In this study we show that FGFRs and FGFs are novel inducers of inflammatory mediators in Lyme neuroborreliosis. It is likely that an unresolved, long-term (neuro)-Lyme infection can contribute to the development of other neurologic conditions in susceptible individuals either by augmenting pathogenic FGFs or by suppressing ameliorative FGFs or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Parthasarathy
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, 18703, Three Rivers Road, Room 109, Covington, LA, 70433, USA.
| | - Melissa B Pattison
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, 18703, Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Cecily C Midkiff
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, 18703, Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
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Huang W, Qiu W, Chen K, Ye S, Wang D, Hu J, Xu H, Lin L, Li X. Research progress of fibroblast growth factor in nervous system diseases. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 51:738-749. [PMID: 36915973 PMCID: PMC10262007 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are a group of structurally related polypeptides which constitute an elaborate signaling system with their receptors. Evidence accumulated in the years suggests that the FGF family plays a key role in the repair of central nervous system injury. The main protective mechanisms include activating the expression of PI3K-Akt, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) and other signals; inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis; regulating neuronal differentiation and neuronal excitability as well as participating in protection of neurovascular units and nerve function repair. This paper comprehensively summarizes the latest research progress in FGF signaling related to diseases of the central nervous system such as cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy and depression, aiming to provide scientific basis and reference for the development of innovative FGF drugs for the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Huang
- 1. Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wanhua Qiu
- 2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kun Chen
- 2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shasha Ye
- 2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- 2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Hu
- 2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huiqin Xu
- 1. Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Lin
- 2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- 2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
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Chronic Trazodone and Citalopram Treatments Increase Trophic Factor and Circadian Rhythm Gene Expression in Rat Brain Regions Relevant for Antidepressant Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214041. [PMID: 36430520 PMCID: PMC9698904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trazodone is an efficacious atypical antidepressant acting both as an SSRI and a 5HT2A and 5HT2C antagonist. Antagonism to H1-histaminergic and alpha1-adrenergic receptors is responsible for a sleep-promoting action. We studied long-term gene expression modulations induced by chronic trazodone to investigate the molecular underpinning of trazodone efficacy. Rats received acute or chronic treatment with trazodone or citalopram. mRNA expression of growth factor and circadian rhythm genes was evaluated by qPCR in the prefrontal cortex (PFCx), hippocampus, Nucleus Accumbens (NAc), amygdala, and hypothalamus. CREB levels and phosphorylation state were evaluated using Western blotting. BDNF levels were significantly increased in PFCx and hippocampus by trazodone and in the NAc and hypothalamus by citalopram. Likewise, TrkB receptor levels augmented in the PFCx after trazodone and in the amygdala after citalopram. FGF-2 and FGFR2 levels were higher after trazodone in the PFCx. The CREB phosphorylation state was increased by chronic trazodone in the PFCx, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Bmal1 and Per1 were increased by both antidepressants after acute and chronic treatments, while Per2 levels were specifically augmented by chronic trazodone in the PFCx and NAc, and by citalopram in the PFCx, amygdala, and NAc. These findings show that trazodone affects the expression of neurotrophic factors involved in antidepressant responses and alters circadian rhythm genes implicated in the pathophysiology of depression, thus shedding light on trazodone's molecular mechanism of action.
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8
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1549. [PMID: 35142107 PMCID: PMC10115509 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs 1-4) and four intracellular proteins (intracellular FGFs or iFGFs) that primarily function to regulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels and other molecules. The canonical FGFs, endocrine FGFs, and iFGFs have been reviewed extensively by us and others. In this review, we briefly summarize past reviews and then focus on new developments in the FGF field since our last review in 2015. Some of the highlights in the past 6 years include the use of optogenetic tools, viral vectors, and inducible transgenes to experimentally modulate FGF signaling, the clinical use of small molecule FGFR inhibitors, an expanded understanding of endocrine FGF signaling, functions for FGF signaling in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, roles for FGF signaling in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, a continuing elaboration of mechanisms of FGF signaling in development, and an expanding appreciation of roles for FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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Proteins associated with future suicide attempts in bipolar disorder: A large-scale biomarker discovery study. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3857-3863. [PMID: 35697758 PMCID: PMC9708594 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01648-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is a major cause of death worldwide. Several biological systems have been implicated in suicidal behavior but studies of candidate biomarkers have failed to produce clinically relevant biomarkers for suicide prediction. The objective of the present study was to identify novel candidate biomarkers for suicidal behavior. We used a nested case-control study design where a large cohort of patients with bipolar disorder (N = 5 110) were followed up to 8 years after blood sampling. We included patients that attempted suicide during follow-up (N = 348) and matched bipolar disorder patients from the same cohort who did not attempt suicide during the study period (N = 348) and analyzed a total of 92 proteins with a neuro exploratory multiplex panel. Using a multivariate classification algorithm devised to minimize bias in variable selection, we identified a parsimonious set of proteins that best discriminated bipolar disorder patients with and without prospective suicide attempts. The algorithm selected 16 proteins for the minimal-optimal classification model, which outperformed 500 models with permuted outcome (p = 0.0004) but had low sensitivity (53%) and specificity (64%). The candidate proteins were then entered in separate logistic regression models to calculate protein-specific associations with prospective suicide attempts. In individual analyses, three of these proteins were significantly associated with prospective suicide attempt (SCGB1A1, ANXA10, and CETN2). Most of the candidate proteins are novel to suicide research.
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10
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Ryan M, Ryznar R. The Molecular Basis of Resilience: A Narrative Review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:856998. [PMID: 35599764 PMCID: PMC9120427 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.856998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resilience refers to the adaptability of a person - an ability to "bounce-back" from stressors. We question if resilience can be strengthened, potentially to decrease the risk of stress-related disorders. Unfortunately, the molecular origins of resilience are complicated and not yet well understood. In this review, we examine the various physiological biomarkers of resilience, including the associated genes, epigenetic changes, and protein biomarkers associated with resilient phenotypes. In addition to assessing biomarkers that may indicate higher levels of resilience, we also review at length the many biomarkers that confer lower levels of resilience and may lead to disorders of low resilience, such as anxiety and depression. This large and encompassing review may help to identify the possible therapeutic targets of resilience. Hopefully these studies will lead to a future where stress-related disorders can be prevented, rather than treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Ryan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States
| | - Rebecca Ryznar
- Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States
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11
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Li XL, Yu Y, Hu Y, Wu HT, Li XS, Chen GY, Cheng Y. Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 as a Potential Biomarker for Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:788677. [PMID: 35546939 PMCID: PMC9082542 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.788677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) system contributed to the onset and development of schizophrenia (SCZ). However, there was no strong clinical evidence to link an individual FGF with SCZ. In this study, we aim to measure blood FGF9 levels in the patients with SCZ with and/or without medication, and test whether FGF9 has a potential to be a biomarker for SCZ. We recruited 130 patients with SCZ and 111 healthy individuals, and the ELISA and qRT-PCR assays were used to measure serum FGF9 levels in the participants. ELISA assay demonstrated that serum FGF9 protein levels were dramatically reduced in first-episode, drug-free patients, but not in chronically medicated patients when compared to healthy control subjects. Further analysis showed that treatment of the first-episode, drug-free SCZ patients with antipsychotics for 8 weeks significantly increased the serum FGF9 levels. In addition, we found that blood FGF9 mRNA levels were significantly lower in first-onset SCZ patients than controls. Under the receiver operating characteristic curve, the optimal cutoff values for FGF9 protein level as an indicator for diagnosis of drug-free SCZ patients was projected to be 166.4 pg/ml, which yielded a sensitivity of 0.955 and specificity of 0.86, and the area under the curve was 0.973 (95% CI, 0.954-0.993). Furthermore, FGF9 had good performance to discriminate between drug-free SCZ patients and chronically medicated patients, the optimal cutoff value for FGF9 concentration was projected to be 165.035 pg/ml with a sensitivity of 0.86 and specificity of 0.919, and the AUC was 0.968 (95% CI, 0.944, 0.991). Taken together, our results for the first time demonstrated the dysregulation of FGF9 in SCZ, and FGF9 has the potential to be served as a biomarker for SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Li
- The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.,Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Yu
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Huan-Tong Wu
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Song Li
- The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Guang-Yang Chen
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
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12
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Xu G, Huang Z, Sheng J, Gao X, Wang X, Garcia JQ, Wei G, Liu D, Gong J. FGF binding protein 3 is required for spinal cord motor neuron development and regeneration in zebrafish. Exp Neurol 2021; 348:113944. [PMID: 34896115 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor binding protein 3 (Fgfbp3) have been known to be crucial for the process of neural proliferation, differentiation, migration, and adhesion. However, the specific role and the molecular mechanisms of fgfbp3 in regulating the development of motor neurons remain unclear. In this study, we have investigated the function of fgfbp3 in morphogenesis and regeneration of motor neuron in zebrafish. Firstly, we found that fgfbp3 was localized in the motor neurons and loss of fgfbp3 caused the significant decrease of the length and branching number of the motor neuron axons, which could be partially rescued by fgfbp3 mRNA injection. Moreover, the fgfbp3 knockdown (KD) embryos demonstrated similar defects of motor neurons as identified in fgfbp3 knockout (KO) embryos. Furthermore, we revealed that the locomotion and startle response of fgfbp3 KO embryos were significantly restricted, which were partially rescued by the fgfbp3 overexpression. In addition, fgfbp3 KO remarkably compromised axonal regeneration of motor neurons after injury. Lastly, the malformation of motor neurons in fgfbp3 KO embryos was rescued by overexpressing drd1b or neurod6a, respectively, which were screened by transcriptome sequencing. Taken together, our results provide strong cellular and molecular evidence that fgfbp3 is crucial for the axonal morphogenesis and regeneration of motor neurons in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmin Xu
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases; Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zigang Huang
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases; Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiajing Sheng
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases; Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases; Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases; Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jason Q Garcia
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Guanyun Wei
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases; Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases; Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Jie Gong
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases; Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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13
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Wu C, Wang D, Niu K, Feng Q, Chen H, Zhu H, Xiang H. Gene expression profiling in peripheral blood lymphocytes for major depression: preliminary cues from Chinese discordant sib-pair study. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:540. [PMID: 34667146 PMCID: PMC8526709 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) involves many factors such as heredity and environment. There are very few MDD-related studies in Chinese population using twin or sib-pairs for depression-control samples. Here we used the microarray approach and compared gene expression profiling of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 6 sib-pairs discordant on lifetime history of MDD. Within sib-pair differentially expressed genes are obvious fewer in the 1st, 2nd, and 5th compared with those in the 3rd, 4th, and 6th sib-pairs. Gene expression pattern of these DEGs distinguished MDD individuals from the normal one in 3rd, 4th, and 6th sib-pair but not in the 1st, 2nd, and 5th pair, suggesting heterogeneity of different sib-pairs and somewhat commonalities among the 3rd, 4th, and 6th sib-pairs. Comprehensive protein interaction network analysis revealed two key genes PTH and FGF2 in a dominant network where the majority of the genes were significantly down-regulated. PTH was significantly down-regulated in all the sib-pairs while FGF2 was in the 3rd, 4th, and 6th sib-pairs. KEGG enrichment analysis of all the DEGs in networks showed that PTH and related genes were significantly enriched in the pathway of parathyroid hormone secretion, synthesis, and action while FGF2 and related genes were significantly enriched in the pathways of cancer and specifically breast cancer. Generally reduced expression of these genes in peripheral blood lymphocytes of MDD individuals implied their functional repression associated with MDD. Pending validation in more samples, the findings in this study provided valuable cues for understanding the potential mechanism of MDD, as well as potential markers for the diagnosis and treatment of depression in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Wu
- grid.459864.20000 0004 6005 705XSouth China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medical Research, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China ,grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Danfeng Wang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangkang Niu
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Qili Feng
- grid.459864.20000 0004 6005 705XSouth China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medical Research, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China ,grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Hanwei Chen
- grid.459864.20000 0004 6005 705XSouth China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medical Research, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibing Zhu
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medical Research, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hui Xiang
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medical Research, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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14
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Xia J, Xue X, Liu W, Qi Z, Liu W. The Role of Fgf9 in the Antidepressant Effects of Exercise and Fluoxetine in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Mice. Psychosom Med 2021; 83:795-804. [PMID: 33938506 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The neurotrophic hypothesis of depression posits that stress and depression decrease neurotrophic factor expression in brain, whereas antidepressants and exercise can contribute to the blockade of stress effects and produce antidepressant effects. Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9), a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, has been reported to be dysregulated in depression. The present study aimed to determine whether and how Fgf9 mediates the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine and exercise in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to CUMS for 7 weeks. From the fourth week, CUMS-exposed mice were subjected to fluoxetine treatment or swimming exercise for 4 weeks. Forced swim test, tail suspension test, and hole-board test were used to assess behaviors of mice. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to examine hippocampal messenger RNA levels of Fgf9, Fgf2, FgfR1, FgfR2, and FgfR3. Western blotting was used to examine the protein levels of Fgf9, protein kinase B (Akt), and phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 in mouse hippocampus. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that CUMS induced depression-like behaviors, which were reversed by fluoxetine treatment and swimming exercise. Moreover, we found that CUMS resulted in a dysregulation of Fgf9, Fgf2, and FgfR2 expression, whereas fluoxetine and swimming restored the FGF expression in CUMS-exposed mice. An analysis of the proteins suggests that the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine and exercise in CUMS-exposed mice were associated with ameliorated Fgf9/Akt signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our findings have demonstrated that swimming exercise mimics the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine by regulating Fgf9 in CUMS-exposed mice, which may offer new mechanism-based therapeutic targets for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xia
- From the Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education (Xia, Xue, Wenbin Liu, Qi, Weina Liu), College of Physical Education and Health (Xia, Wenbin Liu, Qi, Weina Liu), East China Normal University; and Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education (Xue), Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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15
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Le Marois M, Tzavara E, Ibrahim EC, Blin O, Belzeaux R. RNA therapeutics for mood disorders: current evidence toward clinical trials. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:721-736. [PMID: 33966550 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1928073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mood disorders are severe yet frequent psychiatric disorders worldwide, comprising major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorders (BD). Their treatment remains poorly effective. Recently, growing evidence for epigenetic mechanisms has emerged. Consequently, a great interest in a novel pharmacological class arose: RNA therapeutics. AREAS COVERED We conducted a systematic review of RNA therapeutics -antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), and micro-RNA (miRNA) therapeutics- for the treatment of mood disorders studied in pre-clinical animal models listed in PubMed, in clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov and available on the market by combining literature search and Food and Drug Administration and European Medicine Agency online databases. Eighteen pre-clinical studies investigated the antidepressant effects of RNA therapeutics. However, even though there is an increasing number of marketing authorizations and clinical trials for the past twenty years, no RNA therapeutic has reached the clinical development pipeline for the treatment of psychiatric disorders yet. EXPERT OPINION Several promising RNA therapeutics have been tested in pre-clinical studies for MDD, whereas no molecule has been developed for BD. There are several issues to address before reaching clinical development and new challenges include stratifying patient population and predicting therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite Le Marois
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, Inst Neurosci Syst, University Hospital Federation DHUNE, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Pharmacovigilance, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Inst Neurosci Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Eleni Tzavara
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Pôle De Psychiatrie, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - El Chérif Ibrahim
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Inst Neurosci Timone, Marseille, France.,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Olivier Blin
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, Inst Neurosci Syst, University Hospital Federation DHUNE, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Pharmacovigilance, Marseille, France
| | - Raoul Belzeaux
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Inst Neurosci Timone, Marseille, France.,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Pôle De Psychiatrie, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, AP-HM, Marseille, France
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16
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Birt IA, Hagenauer MH, Clinton SM, Aydin C, Blandino P, Stead JD, Hilde KL, Meng F, Thompson RC, Khalil H, Stefanov A, Maras P, Zhou Z, Hebda-Bauer EK, Goldman D, Watson SJ, Akil H. Genetic Liability for Internalizing Versus Externalizing Behavior Manifests in the Developing and Adult Hippocampus: Insight From a Meta-analysis of Transcriptional Profiling Studies in a Selectively Bred Rat Model. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:339-355. [PMID: 32762937 PMCID: PMC7704921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For more than 16 years, we have selectively bred rats for either high or low levels of exploratory activity within a novel environment. These bred high-responder (bHR) and bred low-responder (bLR) rats model temperamental extremes, exhibiting large differences in internalizing and externalizing behaviors relevant to mood and substance use disorders. METHODS We characterized persistent differences in gene expression related to bHR/bLR phenotype across development and adulthood in the hippocampus, a region critical for emotional regulation, by meta-analyzing 8 transcriptional profiling datasets (microarray and RNA sequencing) spanning 43 generations of selective breeding (postnatal day 7: n = 22; postnatal day 14: n = 49; postnatal day 21: n = 21; adult: n = 46; all male). We cross-referenced expression differences with exome sequencing within our colony to pinpoint candidates likely to mediate the effect of selective breeding on behavioral phenotype. The results were compared with hippocampal profiling from other bred rat models. RESULTS Genetic and transcriptional profiling results converged to implicate multiple candidate genes, including two previously associated with metabolism and mood: Trhr and Ucp2. Results also highlighted bHR/bLR functional differences in the hippocampus, including a network essential for neurodevelopmental programming, proliferation, and differentiation, centering on Bmp4 and Mki67. Finally, we observed differential expression related to microglial activation, which is important for synaptic pruning, including 2 genes within implicated chromosomal regions: C1qa and Mfge8. CONCLUSIONS These candidate genes and functional pathways may direct bHR/bLR rats along divergent developmental trajectories and promote a widely different reactivity to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle A. Birt
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Megan H. Hagenauer
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Cigdem Aydin
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Peter Blandino
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John D.H. Stead
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario,
Canada
| | - Kathryn L. Hilde
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Fan Meng
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert C. Thompson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Huzefa Khalil
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alex Stefanov
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Pamela Maras
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zhifeng Zhou
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elaine K. Hebda-Bauer
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David Goldman
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stanley J. Watson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Huda Akil
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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17
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Wang XQ, Tang YH, Zeng GR, Wu LF, Zhou YJ, Cheng ZN, Jiang DJ. Carnosic acid alleviates depression-like behaviors on chronic mild stressed mice via PPAR-γ-dependent regulation of ADPN/FGF9 pathway. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:501-516. [PMID: 33161473 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05699-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The pathway of adiponectin (ADPN)/fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) was recently thought as a key role in the development of depression. ADPN is crucially regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ). Natural material carnosic acid (CA) has been applied for therapeutics of mental disorders. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the antidepressive effect of CA in stress-treated mice and define whether its effects is involved in the regulation of ADPN/FGF9 pathway. METHODS In vivo study, the levels of ADPN and FGF9 in both serum and hippocampus tissues, the expressions of ADPN receptor 2 (AdipoR2) in hippocampus and PPAR-γ in abdominal adipose, as well as the pathological changes of hippocampus were determined in 28-day period of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression model of male ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice or adipo-/- mice. In vitro study, the level of ADPN and the mRNA expressions of both ADPN and PPAR-γ were determined in mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. RESULTS In vivo study, treatment with CA (50 or 100 mg/kg per day) for 21 days markedly suppressed depressive-like behaviors, the elevating levels of FGF9 and decreasing levels of ADPN in both serum and hippocampus tissues, the downregulating protein and mRNA expressions of AdipoR2 in hippocampus and PPAR-γ in abdominal adipose, as well as the pathological injury of hippocampus induced by CUMS in male ICR mice. The antidepressive effects of CA were markedly attenuated in male CUMS-treated adipo-/- mice. In vitro study, incubation with CA (3-30 μmol/L) for 24 h could concentration-dependently upregulate the mRNA expressions of both PPAR-γ and ADPN as well as increase the level of ADPN. The experiments using PPAR-γ-specific inhibitor GW9662 and transient transfection with mutated PPAR-γ-binding site promotor constructs showed that the activation of PPAR-γ mediated CA-induced ADPN expression in adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS CA could significantly improve stress-induced depressive disorder, which may be related to regulating the dysfunction of ADPN-FGF9 pathway via activating PPAR-γ in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Wang
- XiangYa Pharmacy School, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.,Hunan Center for Safety Evaluation and Research of Drugs & Hunan Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of New Drugs, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ya-Hui Tang
- Hunan Center for Safety Evaluation and Research of Drugs & Hunan Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of New Drugs, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Gui-Rong Zeng
- Hunan Center for Safety Evaluation and Research of Drugs & Hunan Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of New Drugs, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Li-Feng Wu
- Hunan Center for Safety Evaluation and Research of Drugs & Hunan Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of New Drugs, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhou
- XiangYa Pharmacy School, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Ze-Neng Cheng
- XiangYa Pharmacy School, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - De-Jian Jiang
- Hunan Center for Safety Evaluation and Research of Drugs & Hunan Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of New Drugs, Changsha, 410013, China.
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18
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Expression of fibroblast growth factor 9 and its receptors in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus in poststroke depression rats. Neuroreport 2021; 32:321-325. [PMID: 33470768 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies have found that fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) might have a negative effect in the psychiatric diseases, such as depression or anxiety, but its potential role in the pathophysiology of poststroke depression (PSD) remains uncertain. Here, we set out to investigate the expression changes of FGF9 and its receptors in PSD rats. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress was used to establish the PSD rat model. Then, the rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (sham-operation), MCAO, PSD and treated (fluoxetine injection by intraperitoneal). Weight measurement, sucrose preference test, open-field test and forced swim test were performed to evaluate the behavioral changes, and then Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression level of FGF9, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and receptor 3 (FGFR3) in the dentate gyrus of rat hippocampus. We found that FGF9 protein and mRNA expression increased significantly in the MCAO and PSD groups; FGFR3 protein and mRNA expression decreased significantly in the MCAO and PSD groups; FGFR1 protein and mRNA expression decreased significantly in the PSD group, but increased in the treated group. Furthermore, the changes mentioned above were reversed obviously by fluoxetine. These results indicated that upregulated FGF9 expression and downregulated FGFR1 and FGFR3 expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of PSD, and the FGF9/FGFR signaling pathway may be considered as an attractive target for further study.
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19
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Azhar M, Zeng G, Ahmed A, Dar Farooq A, Choudhary MI, De-Jiang J, Liu X. Carnosic acid ameliorates depressive-like symptoms along with the modulation of FGF9 in the hippocampus of middle carotid artery occlusion-induced Sprague Dawley rats. Phytother Res 2020; 35:384-391. [PMID: 32779789 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The increased survival rate of stroke patients has led to the higher incidences of post-stroke depression. Carnosic acid has the ability to cross blood brain barrier with good neuro-modulatory actions. Recently, inclined level of fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) in the postmortem brain of the depressed patients was noted. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of carnosic acid on post-stroke depression-like behavior, and the expression of FGF9 were evaluated. After 3 weeks of middle carotid artery occlusion in Sprague Dawley rats, carnosic acid (20 and 40 mg/kg) was administered for 2 weeks. Sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, and open field test were performed and hippocampi were analyzed for FGF9 and FGFR-3. In comparison to post-stroke depressed rats, carnosic acid increased the sucrose preference, and reduced the immobility time of the rats by ~2×. The speed and distance-covered were also increased. At 40 mg/kg, FGF9 was reduced by ~3× while FGFR-3/Actin was increased by ~1.5×. Altogether results suggest anti-depressant-like activity of carnosic acid in post-stroke depressed rats with decreased expression of hippocampal FGF9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassar Azhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of New Drugs & Hunan Provincial Research Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Changsha, China.,Dr. Panjwani Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, International Center for Chemical and Biological Center, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Guirong Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of New Drugs & Hunan Provincial Research Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Changsha, China.,Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ayaz Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of New Drugs & Hunan Provincial Research Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Changsha, China.,Dr. Panjwani Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, International Center for Chemical and Biological Center, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ahsana Dar Farooq
- Hamdard Al-Majeed College of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad I Choudhary
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, International Center for Chemical and Biological Center, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiang De-Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of New Drugs & Hunan Provincial Research Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Changsha, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of New Drugs & Hunan Provincial Research Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Changsha, China.,Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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20
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Revisiting the Stress Concept: Implications for Affective Disorders. J Neurosci 2020; 40:12-21. [PMID: 31896560 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0733-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 50 years, the concept of stress has evolved significantly, and our understanding of the underlying neurobiology has expanded dramatically. Rather than consider stress biology to be relevant only under unusual and threatening conditions, we conceive of it as an ongoing, adaptive process of assessing the environment, coping with it, and enabling the individual to anticipate and deal with future challenges. Though much remains to be discovered, the fundamental neurocircuitry that underlies these processes has been broadly delineated, key molecular players have been identified, and the impact of this system on neuroplasticity has been well established. More recently, we have come to appreciate the critical interaction between the brain and the rest of the body as it pertains to stress responsiveness. Importantly, this system can become overloaded due to ongoing environmental demands on the individual, be they physical, physiological, or psychosocial. The impact of this overload is deleterious to brain health, and it results in vulnerability to a range of brain disorders, including major depression and cognitive deficits. Thus, stress biology is one of the best understood systems in affective neuroscience and is an ideal target for addressing the pathophysiology of many brain-related diseases. The story we present began with the discovery of glucocorticoid receptors in hippocampus and has extended to other brain regions in both animal models and the human brain with the further discovery of structural and functional adaptive plasticity in response to stressful and other experiences.
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21
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Wang X, Zhu L, Hu J, Guo R, Ye S, Liu F, Wang D, Zhao Y, Hu A, Wang X, Guo K, Lin L. FGF21 Attenuated LPS-Induced Depressive-Like Behavior via Inhibiting the Inflammatory Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:154. [PMID: 32184729 PMCID: PMC7058797 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a serious neuropsychiatric disorder with high rates of recurrence and mortality. Many studies have supported that inflammatory processes play a central role in the etiology of depression. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a member of the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) family, regulates a variety of pharmacological activities, including energy metabolism, glucose and lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. In addition, recent studies showed that the administration of FGF21, a regulator of metabolic function, had therapeutic effects on mood stabilizers, indicating that FGF21 could be a common regulator of the mood response. However, few studies have highlighted the antidepressant effects of FGF21 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mice, and the anti-inflammatory mechanism of FGF21 in depression has not yet been elucidated. The purpose of the current study was to determine the antidepressant effects of recombinant human FGF21 (rhFGF21). The effects of rhFGF21 on depression-like behaviors and the inflammatory signaling pathway were investigated in both an LPS-induced mouse model and primary microglia in vitro. The current study demonstrated that LPS induced depressive-like behaviors, upregulated proinflammatory cytokines, and activated microglia in the mouse hippocampus and activated the inflammatory response in primary microglia, while pretreatment with rhFGF21 markedly improved depression-like behavior deficits, as shown by an increase in the total distance traveled and number of standing numbers in the open field test (OFT) and a decrease in the duration of immobility in the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST). Furthermore, rhFGF21 obviously suppressed expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inhibited microglial activation and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signing pathway. Moreover, coadministration of rhFGF21 with the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitor PD173074 significantly reversed these protective effects, indicating that the antidepressant effects of rhFGF21 occur through FGFR1 activation. Taken together, the results of the current study demonstrated for the first time that exogenous rhFGF21 ameliorated LPS-induced depressive-like behavior by inhibiting microglial expression of proinflammatory cytokines through NF-κB suppression. This new discovery suggests rhFGF21 as a new therapeutic candidate for depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liyun Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruili Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shasha Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yeli Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, China
| | - Aiping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kaiming Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, China
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22
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Wang XQ, Li WH, Tang YH, Wu LF, Zeng GR, Wang YH, Cheng ZN, Jiang DJ. The correlation between adiponectin and FGF9 in depression disorder. Brain Res 2019; 1729:146596. [PMID: 31836511 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin (ADPN) and fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) has been reported as anti-depressive and pro-depressive factor, respectively. However, it is unknown whether there is directly interaction between ADPN and FGF9 in depression. The present study aims to investigate the correlation between ADPN and FGF9 in depression disorder. Firstly, the decreased level of ADPN and the increased level of FGF9 in plasma of depressive patients compared with non-depressive subjects were observed. Furthermore, these is a significant negative correlation between the ratio of ADPN to FGF9 and the total score of Hamilton Depression Scale in total investigated subjects. The similar changes of ADPN and FGF9 were also observed in elder adiponectin gene knockout (Adipo-/-) mice with an increasing trend to depressive-like behaviors. Secondly, the decreasing level of ADPN and increasing level of FGF9 in plasma and hippocampus tissues were observed in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression in ICR mice with significant depressive-like behaviors and hippocampus damage, which attenuated by injection of recombinant ADPN or FGF9 antibody into lateral ventricle. In Adipo-/- mice, injection of FGF9 antibody into lateral ventricle also attenuated CUMS-induced depressivelike behaviors. The protein expression of FGF receptor 3 (FGFR3), the main receptor of FGF9, was significantly down-regulated in hippocampus tissues of CUMS-treated mice, which could be attenuated by treatment with either recombinant ADPN or anti-FGF9. In summary, the present results suggest that ADPN maybe a key negative regulator of FGF9/FGFR3 in depressive disorder and the dysfunction of ADPN-FGF9 pathway plays a key role in stress-induced depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Wang
- XiangYa Pharmacy School, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Hunan Center for Safety Evaluation and Research of Drugs & Hunan Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of New Drugs, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wei-Hui Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Ya-Hui Tang
- Hunan Center for Safety Evaluation and Research of Drugs & Hunan Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of New Drugs, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Li-Feng Wu
- Hunan Center for Safety Evaluation and Research of Drugs & Hunan Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of New Drugs, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Gui-Rong Zeng
- Hunan Center for Safety Evaluation and Research of Drugs & Hunan Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of New Drugs, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yu-Hong Wang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Ze-Neng Cheng
- XiangYa Pharmacy School, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - De-Jian Jiang
- Hunan Center for Safety Evaluation and Research of Drugs & Hunan Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of New Drugs, Changsha 410013, China; Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
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23
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Xu YH, Zhu Y, Zhu YY, Wei H, Zhang NN, Qin JS, Zhu XL, Yu M, Li YF. Abnormalities in FGF family members and their roles in modulating depression-related molecules. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 53:140-150. [PMID: 31491043 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) system in depression has received considerable attention in recent years. To understand the role of this system, it is important to identify the specific members of the FGF family that have been implicated and the various mechanisms that they modulated. Here, we review the role of FGFs in depression and integrate evidence from clinical and basic research. These data suggest that changes in the FGF family are involved in depression and possibly in a wider range of psychiatric disorders. We analyse the abnormalities of FGF family members in depression and their roles in modulating depression-related molecules. The role of the FGF family in depression and related disorders needs to be studied in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neuroimaging laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Neuroimaging laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neuroimaging laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neuroimaging laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning-Ning Zhang
- Department of Neuroimaging laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Qin
- Department of Neuroimaging laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Zhu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Feng Li
- Department of Neuroimaging laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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24
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Gley K, Murani E, Haack F, Trakooljul N, Zebunke M, Puppe B, Wimmers K, Ponsuksili S. Haplotypes of coping behavior associated QTL regions reveal distinct transcript profiles in amygdala and hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112038. [PMID: 31202863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stress response and coping behavior in pigs are largely shaped by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympatho-adrenomedullary system action. However, the dynamic interaction between amygdala and hippocampus crucially modulates the behavioral response towards significant emotional events. While this functional relationship is well documented, the molecular underpinnings still remain insufficiently understood. Our study used transcriptome profiling of porcine amygdala and hippocampus to identify molecular pathways that are differentially activated depending on the haplotype of a significantly coping behavior-associated region on pig chromosome 12 (SSC12). The pigs were classified into two groups based on the haplotype information of this QTL-region discovered in our previous genome-wide association study. Ten each of high- (HR) and low- (LR) reactive pigs (n = 20) were selected for differential gene expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression analysis with subsequent pathway analysis. Differentially expressed genes identified in the amygdala include SELL, CXCR7 and NTS, while TRAF3, PTGS2 and CFI were detected in the hippocampus indicating a role of neuroinflammation and immunological processes. Pathway analysis revealed IL-8 signaling, NF-κB signaling, glutamate and GABA metabolism, glucocorticoid receptor signaling and chemokine signaling in the amygdala and ephrin receptor signaling, as well as NF-κB signaling in the hippocampus. We discovered candidate genes in regions detected by genome-wide association study including ARRB2, ADRBK2, THRB, NEK7 and ACVR2B, which relate to dopaminergic and other monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems, neuroimmunomodulation, neuroinflammation and GABA-ergic neurotransmission. These findings provide insights into the molecular underpinning of divergent coping behavior and associated haplotypes in limbic forebrain system in pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Gley
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Murani
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Fiete Haack
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Manuela Zebunke
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Behavioral Physiology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Birger Puppe
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Behavioral Physiology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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25
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Deng Z, Deng S, Zhang MR, Tang MM. Fibroblast Growth Factors in Depression. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:60. [PMID: 30804785 PMCID: PMC6370647 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most serious diseases and now becomes a major public health problem in the world. The pathogenesis of depression remains poorly understood. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) belong to a large family of growth factors that are involved in brain development during early periods as well as maintenance and repair throughout adulthood. In recent years, studies have found a correlation between the members of the FGF system and depression. These signaling molecules may be expected to be biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of MDD, and may provide new drug targets for the treatment of depression. Here, we reviewed the correlation between some members of the FGF system and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Deng
- Hospital Evaluation Office, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mu-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mi-Mi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
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26
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Connective Tissue Growth Factor Is a Novel Prodepressant. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:555-562. [PMID: 29861095 PMCID: PMC6249676 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While downregulation of several growth factors in major depressive disorder is well established, less attention has been paid to the upregulation of other growth factors. Yet, upregulated growth factors may offer better therapeutic targets. We show that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) represents a target based on its upregulation in major depressive disorder and studies in animal models implicating it in negative affect. METHODS CTGF gene expression was first evaluated in the postmortem human amygdala. The findings were followed up in outbred rats and in two rat lines that were selectively bred for differences in novelty-seeking and anxiety behavior (bred low responders and bred high responders). We studied the impact of social defeat and early-life treatment with fibroblast growth factor 2 on CTGF expression. Finally, we assessed the ability of an anti-CTGF antibody (FG-3019) to alter CTGF expression and emotionality. RESULTS In the human amygdala, CTGF expression was significantly increased in major depressive disorder compared with control subjects. CTGF expression was also significantly increased in the dentate gyrus of adult bred low responders compared with bred high responders. Social defeat stress in bred low responders significantly increased CTGF expression in the dentate gyrus. Early-life fibroblast growth factor 2, a treatment that reduces anxiety-like behavior throughout life, decreased CTGF expression in the adult dentate gyrus. In outbred rats, CTGF administration increased depression-like behavior. Chronic treatment with FG-3019 decreased CTGF expression, and acute and chronic treatment was antidepressant. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to implicate CTGF as a prodepressant molecule that could serve as a target for the development of novel therapeutics.
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27
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Uneven balance of power between hypothalamic peptidergic neurons in the control of feeding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E9489-E9498. [PMID: 30224492 PMCID: PMC6176613 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802237115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between the anorexigenic and orexigenic neurons in the arcuate nucleus that contributes to the control of feeding remains elusive. Using optogenetic stimulation, we show that activation of POMC neurons rapidly inhibits feeding behavior in fasted animals. However, simultaneous stimulation of both POMC neurons and a subset of the orexigenic neurons that express AgRP is sufficient to reverse that inhibition and trigger intense feeding behavior. We used 3D imaging and functional studies to illuminate the anatomical underpinning of both the inhibitory and excitatory events. Our work suggests that translational applications that aim to control appetite need to target the activation rather than the inhibition mechanisms. Two classes of peptide-producing neurons in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) of the hypothalamus are known to exert opposing actions on feeding: the anorexigenic neurons that express proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and the orexigenic neurons that express agouti-related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). These neurons are thought to arise from a common embryonic progenitor, but our anatomical and functional understanding of the interplay of these two peptidergic systems that contribute to the control of feeding remains incomplete. The present study uses a combination of optogenetic stimulation with viral and transgenic approaches, coupled with neural activity mapping and brain transparency visualization to demonstrate the following: (i) selective activation of Arc POMC neurons inhibits food consumption rapidly in unsated animals; (ii) activation of Arc neurons arising from POMC-expressing progenitors, including POMC and a subset of AgRP neurons, triggers robust feeding behavior, even in the face of satiety signals from POMC neurons; (iii) the opposing effects on food intake are associated with distinct neuronal projection and activation patterns of adult hypothalamic POMC neurons versus Arc neurons derived from POMC-expressing lineages; and (iv) the increased food intake following the activation of orexigenic neurons derived from POMC-expressing progenitors engages an extensive neural network that involves the endogenous opioid system. Together, these findings shed further light on the dynamic balance between two peptidergic systems in the moment-to-moment regulation of feeding behavior.
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28
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Carboni L, Marchetti L, Lauria M, Gass P, Vollmayr B, Redfern A, Jones L, Razzoli M, Malki K, Begni V, Riva MA, Domenici E, Caberlotto L, Mathé AA. Cross-species evidence from human and rat brain transcriptome for growth factor signaling pathway dysregulation in major depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2134-2145. [PMID: 29950584 PMCID: PMC6098161 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An enhanced understanding of the pathophysiology of depression would facilitate the discovery of new efficacious medications. To this end, we examined hippocampal transcriptional changes in rat models of disease and in humans to identify common disease signatures by using a new algorithm for signature-based clustering of expression profiles. The tool identified a transcriptomic signature comprising 70 probesets able to discriminate depression models from controls in both Flinders Sensitive Line and Learned Helplessness animals. To identify disease-relevant pathways, we constructed an expanded protein network based on signature gene products and performed functional annotation analysis. We applied the same workflow to transcriptomic profiles of depressed patients. Remarkably, a 171-probesets transcriptional signature which discriminated depressed from healthy subjects was identified. Rat and human signatures shared the SCARA5 gene, while the respective networks derived from protein-based significant interactions with signature genes contained 25 overlapping genes. The comparison between the most enriched pathways in the rat and human signature networks identified a highly significant overlap (p-value: 3.85 × 10-6) of 67 terms including ErbB, neurotrophin, FGF, IGF, and VEGF signaling, immune responses and insulin and leptin signaling. In conclusion, this study allowed the identification of a hippocampal transcriptional signature of resilient or susceptible responses in rat MDD models which overlapped with gene expression alterations observed in depressed patients. These findings are consistent with a loss of hippocampal neural plasticity mediated by altered levels of growth factors and increased inflammatory responses causing metabolic impairments as crucial factors in the pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Carboni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luca Marchetti
- The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Rovereto, Trento, Italy
| | - Mario Lauria
- The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Rovereto, Trento, Italy
- Department of Mathematics, University of Trento, Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Peter Gass
- RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Vollmayr
- RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amanda Redfern
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lesley Jones
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Maria Razzoli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Karim Malki
- King's College London, at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IOPPN), London, UK
| | - Veronica Begni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco A Riva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Domenici
- The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Rovereto, Trento, Italy
- Laboratory of Neurogenomic Biomarkers, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Laura Caberlotto
- The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Rovereto, Trento, Italy
- The Aptuit Center for Drug Discovery & Development, Via Fleming, 4, 37135, Verona, Italy
| | - Aleksander A Mathé
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Cai J, Wen R, Li W, Wang X, Tian H, Yi S, Zhang L, Li X, Jiang C, Li H. Oil body bound oleosin-rhFGF9 fusion protein expressed in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) stimulates hair growth and wound healing in mice. BMC Biotechnol 2018; 18:51. [PMID: 30157831 PMCID: PMC6114888 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is a heparin-binding growth factor, secreted by both mesothelial and epithelial cells, which participates in hair follicle regeneration, wound healing, and bone development. A suitable source of recombinant human FGF9 (rhFGF9) is needed for research into potential clinical applications. We present that expression of oleosin-rhFGF9 fusion protein in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds stimulates hair growth and wound healing. Results The oleosin-rhFGF9 expressed in safflower seeds, in which it localizes to the surface of oil bodies. The expression of oleosin-rhFGF9 was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting. According to BCA and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay, the results show that the expression level of oleosin-rhFGF9 was 0.14% of oil body protein. The oil body bound oleosin-rhFGF9 showed mitogenic activity towards NIH3T3 cells in a methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The efficacy of oil body bound oleosin-rhFGF9 in promoting hair growth and wound healing was investigated in C57BL/6 mice. In a hair regeneration experiment, 50 μg/μl oil body bound oleosin-rhFGF9 was applied to the dorsal skin of mice in the resting phase of the hair growth cycle. After 15 days, thicker hair and increased number of new hairs were seen compared with controls. Furthermore, the number of new hairs was greater compared with rhFGF9-treated mice. The hair follicles of mice treated with oil body bound oleosin-rhFGF9 expressed β-catenin more abundantly. In a wound healing experiment, dorsal skin wounds were topically treated with 50 μg/μl oil body bound oleosin-rhFGF9. Wound healing was quicker compared with mice treated with rhFGF9 and controls, especially in the earlier stages of healing. Conclusions The oil body bound oleosin-rhFGF9 promotes both hair growth and wound healing. It appears to promote hair growth, at least in part, by up-regulating β-catenin expression. The potential of oil body bound oleosin-rhFGF9 as an external drug can treat the alopecia and wounds or use in further clinical application. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12896-018-0433-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Ruicheng Wen
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Xiuran Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Haishan Tian
- Wenzhou Biomedical Innovation Center, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Shanyong Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Linbo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Chao Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China. .,Wenzhou Biomedical Innovation Center, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Haiyan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
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Schütz LF, Hurst RE, Schreiber NB, Spicer LJ. Transcriptome profiling of bovine ovarian theca cells treated with fibroblast growth factor 9. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2018; 63:48-58. [PMID: 29413902 PMCID: PMC5837950 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) acts as an antidifferentiation factor, stimulating proliferation of granulosa cells (GCs) and theca cells (TCs) while suppressing hormone-induced steroidogenesis of these cells. How FGF9 acts to simultaneously suppress steroidogenesis and stimulate proliferation remains to be fully elucidated. Thus, this study was undertaken to clarify the effects of FGF9 on the TC transcriptome. Ovaries were obtained from beef heifers at a local abattoir, TCs were isolated from large antral follicles, and cultured with or without 30 ng/mL of FGF9 for 24 h in the presence of LH and IGF-1. After treatment, total RNA was extracted from TC and processed for microarray using Affymetrix GeneChip Bovine Genome Arrays (n = 4/group). Transcriptome analysis comparing FGF9-treated TC with control TC using 1.3-fold cutoff, and a P < 0.05 significance level identified 355 differentially expressed transcripts, with 164 elements upregulated and 191 elements downregulated by FGF9. The ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was used to investigate how FGF9 treatment affects molecular pathways, biological functions, and the connection between molecules in bovine TC. The IPA software identified 346 pathways in response to FGF9 in TC involved in several biological functions and unveiled interesting relationships among genes related to cell proliferation (eg, CCND1, FZD5, and MYB), antioxidation/cytoprotection (eg, HMOX1 and NQO1), and steroidogenesis (eg, CYP11A1 and STAR). Overall, genes, pathways, and networks identified in this study painted a picture of how FGF9 may regulate folliculogenesis, providing novel candidate genes for further investigation of FGF9 functions in ovarian follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Schütz
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - R E Hurst
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - N B Schreiber
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - L J Spicer
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Lee AG, Hagenauer M, Absher D, Morrison KE, Bale TL, Myers RM, Watson SJ, Akil H, Schatzberg AF, Lyons DM. Stress amplifies sex differences in primate prefrontal profiles of gene expression. Biol Sex Differ 2017; 8:36. [PMID: 29096718 PMCID: PMC5667444 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-017-0157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is a recognized risk factor for mood and anxiety disorders that occur more often in women than men. Prefrontal brain regions mediate stress coping, cognitive control, and emotion. Here, we investigate sex differences and stress effects on prefrontal cortical profiles of gene expression in squirrel monkey adults. METHODS Dorsolateral, ventrolateral, and ventromedial prefrontal cortical regions from 18 females and 12 males were collected after stress or no-stress treatment conditions. Gene expression profiles were acquired using HumanHT-12v4.0 Expression BeadChip arrays adapted for squirrel monkeys. RESULTS Extensive variation between prefrontal cortical regions was discerned in the expression of numerous autosomal and sex chromosome genes. Robust sex differences were also identified across prefrontal cortical regions in the expression of mostly autosomal genes. Genes with increased expression in females compared to males were overrepresented in mitogen-activated protein kinase and neurotrophin signaling pathways. Many fewer genes with increased expression in males compared to females were discerned, and no molecular pathways were identified. Effect sizes for sex differences were greater in stress compared to no-stress conditions for ventromedial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortical regions but not dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS Stress amplifies sex differences in gene expression profiles for prefrontal cortical regions involved in stress coping and emotion regulation. Results suggest molecular targets for new treatments of stress disorders in human mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd MSLS Room P104, Stanford, CA, 94305-5485, USA
| | - Megan Hagenauer
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Devin Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Kathleen E Morrison
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tracy L Bale
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Stanley J Watson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Huda Akil
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alan F Schatzberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd MSLS Room P104, Stanford, CA, 94305-5485, USA
| | - David M Lyons
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd MSLS Room P104, Stanford, CA, 94305-5485, USA.
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Xu YH, Yu M, Wei H, Yao S, Chen SY, Zhu XL, Li YF. Fibroblast growth factor 22 is a novel modulator of depression through interleukin-1β. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:907-916. [PMID: 28948716 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Emerging evidence shows that fibroblast growth factor 22 (FGF22) plays a critical role in the etiology of depression. However, the molecular mechanisms of FGF22 are not fully comprehended. Here, the effect of FGF22 in depression and its relationship with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were investigated in clinical, animal, and cell experiments. METHODS Serum from depressive patients was collected, and the levels of FGF22 and IL-1β were analyzed by ELISA. The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model was established, and primary hippocampal neuronal cells were cultured to examine changes in FGF22 and IL-1β levels in rat hippocampus. RESULTS The results revealed a negative correlation between serum FGF22 levels and serum IL-1β levels. The expression of IL-1β in the CUMS rat hippocampus decreased, and the apoptosis of hippocampal cells improved after the injection of lentiviral vector-mediated FGF22 (LV-FGF22). Further tests in primary hippocampal neuronal cells also showed a reduction in IL-1β and the cell apoptosis rate after treatment with FGF22. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results revealed that FGF22 plays a role in alleviating depression, which may be mediated by reduced expression of IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shun Yao
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Si-Yuan Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Zhu
- The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yue-Feng Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Dilated Virchow-Robin spaces in the hippocampus impact behaviors and effects of anti-depressant treatment in model of depressed rats. J Affect Disord 2017; 219:17-24. [PMID: 28501680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The occurrences of dilated Virchow-Robin spaces (dVRSs) and inflammatory factors were closely related with development of depression and antidepressants. The present study indicated accumulation of inflammatory factors in dVRSs played a practical role in behaviors and the treatment-resistant in rats with depression. Eighty-one male Wistar rats were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) until the model was successfully established. According to the detection of dVRSs on 7 T structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), rats were divided into two groups (45 CUMSnon-dVRSs rats and 36 CUMSdVRSs rats). Subsequently, different antidepressant treatment (nontreat, aspirin, fluoxetine, fluoxetine+aspirin) was given to the two groups, respectively. Sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swim test (FST) and morris water maze (MWM) was used to test the behaviors of rats. ELISA and Western blot was used to determine the levels of inflammatory factors. Compared with the negative control (NC) group, there were obvious behavioral abnormalities and increased inflammatory factors in the CUMSnon-dVRSs rats. Interestingly, these changes were more significant in the CUMSdVRSs rats. In addition, the efficacy of fluoxetine was only found in CUMSnon-dVRSs rats rather than CUMSdVRSs rats. Meanwhile, behaviors and levels of inflammatory factor in hippocampus were ameliorated in the aspirin group of CUMSdVRSs rats, and these effects were significantly enhanced in the fluoxetine+aspirin group. The dVRSs in the hippocampus might exacerbate depression-like behaviors and the effects of antidepressant treatment in depressed rats by increasing the levels of inflammatory factors.
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Fgf9 Y162C Mutation Alters Information Processing and Social Memory in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4580-4595. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0659-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Prater KE, Aurbach EL, Larcinese HK, Smith TN, Turner CA, Blandino P, Watson SJ, Maren S, Akil H. Selectively Bred Rats Provide a Unique Model of Vulnerability to PTSD-Like Behavior and Respond Differentially to FGF2 Augmentation Early in Life. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:1706-1714. [PMID: 28205604 PMCID: PMC5518903 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Individuals respond differently to traumatic experiences, including their propensity to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Understanding individual differences in PTSD vulnerability will allow the development of improved prevention and treatment options. Here we characterized fear conditioning and extinction in rats selectively bred for differences in their locomotor response to a novel environment. Selectively bred high-responder (bHR) and low-responder (bLR) male rats are known to differ in their emotional reactivity on a range of measures of spontaneous anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. We demonstrate that bHRs have facilitated extinction learning and retention compared with outbred Sprague Dawley rats, whereas bLRs show reduced extinction learning and retention. This indicates that bLRs are more vulnerable to PTSD-like behavior. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) has previously been implicated in the development of these behavioral phenotypes and facilitates extinction learning in outbred animals, therefore we examined the effects of early-life FGF2 on bHR and bLR behavior. FGF2 administered on the day after birth facilitated extinction learning and retention in bHRs, but not in bLRs or control rats, during adulthood. This indicates that, under the current fear conditioning paradigm, early-life FGF2 has protective effects only in resilient animals. This stands in contrast to FGF2's ability to protect vulnerable animals in milder tests of anxiety. These results provide a unique animal model of individual differences in PTSD-like behavior, allowing the study of genetic, developmental, and environmental factors in its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Prater
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 2008 MBNI Building, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5720, USA, Tel: 734 764 6999, Fax: 734 647 4130, E-mail:
| | - Elyse L Aurbach
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hanna K Larcinese
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Taylor N Smith
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cortney A Turner
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter Blandino
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stanley J Watson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen Maren
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station TX, USA
| | - Huda Akil
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Liu Y, Wang M, Tan X, Wang X, Yang X, Xiao J, Li X, Wang F. Negative correlation between cerebrospinal fluid FGF21 levels and BDI scores in male Chinese subjects. Psychiatry Res 2017; 252:111-113. [PMID: 28259034 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an important metabolic regulator of glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Recently, FGF21 has been shown to play a robust neuroprotective role and act as a mediator of the effects of mood stabilizers. In the present study, we measured the concentration of FGF21 in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and investigated the relationship of FGF21 levels with depression and anxiety emotions. Sixty-seven Chinese volunteers were recruited from Beijing Jishuitan Hospital. A significant negative association was found between CSF FGF21 levels and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores in male subjects. Our findings provide evidence of the role of FGF21 in mood regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- Psychosomatic Medicine Research Division, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010110, China
| | - Xiaohua Tan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100096, China; Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830028, China.
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Bonfili L, Cecarini V, Berardi S, Scarpona S, Suchodolski JS, Nasuti C, Fiorini D, Boarelli MC, Rossi G, Eleuteri AM. Microbiota modulation counteracts Alzheimer's disease progression influencing neuronal proteolysis and gut hormones plasma levels. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2426. [PMID: 28546539 PMCID: PMC5445077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has a proven role in regulating multiple neuro-chemical pathways through the highly interconnected gut-brain axis. Oral bacteriotherapy thus has potential in the treatment of central nervous system-related pathologies, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Current AD treatments aim to prevent onset, delay progression and ameliorate symptoms. In this work, 3xTg-AD mice in the early stage of AD were treated with SLAB51 probiotic formulation, thereby affecting the composition of gut microbiota and its metabolites. This influenced plasma concentration of inflammatory cytokines and key metabolic hormones considered therapeutic targets in neurodegeneration. Treated mice showed partial restoration of two impaired neuronal proteolytic pathways (the ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy). Their cognitive decline was decreased compared with controls, due to a reduction in brain damage and reduced accumulation of amyloid beta aggregates. Collectively, our results clearly prove that modulation of the microbiota induces positive effects on neuronal pathways that are able to slow down the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bonfili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, (MC), Italy.
| | - Valentina Cecarini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, (MC), Italy
| | - Sara Berardi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, (MC), Italy
| | - Silvia Scarpona
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, (MC), Italy
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Cinzia Nasuti
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032, Camerino, (MC), Italy
| | - Dennis Fiorini
- Division of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, I-62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Boarelli
- Division of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, I-62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, (MC), Italy
| | - Anna Maria Eleuteri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, (MC), Italy
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Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Sits at the Interface of Stress and Anxiety. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:419-421. [PMID: 27565541 PMCID: PMC5790313 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Salmaso N, Stevens HE, McNeill J, ElSayed M, Ren Q, Maragnoli ME, Schwartz ML, Tomasi S, Sapolsky RM, Duman R, Vaccarino FM. Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Modulates Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis Activity and Anxiety Behavior Through Glucocorticoid Receptors. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:479-489. [PMID: 27133954 PMCID: PMC8009045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite strong evidence linking fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) with anxiety and depression in both rodents and humans, the molecular mechanisms linking FGF2 with anxiety are not understood. METHODS We compare 1) mice that lack a functional Fgf2 gene (Fgf2 knockout [KO]), 2) wild-type mice, and 3) Fgf2 KO with adult rescue by FGF2 administration on measures of anxiety, depression, and motor behavior, and further investigate the mechanisms of this behavior by cellular, molecular, and neuroendocrine studies. RESULTS We demonstrate that Fgf2 KO mice have increased anxiety, decreased hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression, and increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. FGF2 administration in adulthood was sufficient to rescue the entire phenotype. Blockade of GR in adult mice treated with FGF2 precluded the therapeutic effects of FGF2 on anxiety behavior, suggesting that GR is necessary for FGF2 to regulate anxiety behavior. The level of Egr-1/NGFI-A was decreased in Fgf2 KO mice and was reestablished with FGF2 treatment. By chromatin immunoprecipitation studies, we found decreased binding of EGR-1 to the GR promoter region in Fgf2 KO mice. Finally, we examined anxiety behavior in FGF receptor (FGFR) KO mice; however, FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3 KO mice did not mimic the phenotype of Fgf2 KO mice, suggesting a role for other receptor subtypes (i.e., FGFR5). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that FGF2 levels are critically related to anxiety behavior and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, likely through modulation of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor expression, an effect that is likely receptor mediated, albeit not by FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3.
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Growth factors as clinical biomarkers of prognosis and diagnosis in psychiatric disorders. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 32:85-96. [PMID: 27618303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The psychiatric disorders are one of the most disabling illnesses in the world and represent a major problem for public health. These disorders are characterized by neuroanatomical or biochemical changes and it has been suggested that such changes may be due to inadequate neurodevelopment. Diverse alterations in the gene expression and/or serum level of specific growth factors have been implicated in the etiology, symptoms and progression of some psychiatric disorders. Herein, we summarize the latest information regarding the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), neuroregulin-1 (NGR-1), erythropoietin (EPO), vascular growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), nerve growth factor (NGF) and others cytokines in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, depression, bipolar and anxiety disorders. Focusing on the role of these growth factors and their relationship with the main impairments (cognitive, emotional and social) of these pathologies. Some of these signaling molecules may be suitable biological markers for diagnosis and prognosis in cognitive, mood and social disabilities across different mental disorders.
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