1
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Tillib SV, Goryainova OS. Extending Linker Sequences between Antigen-Recognition Modules Provides More Effective Production of Bispecific Nanoantibodies in the Periplasma of E. coli. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:933-941. [PMID: 38880653 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924050134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Technology of production of single-domain antibodies (NANOBODY® molecules, also referred to as nanoantibodies, nAb, or molecules based on other stable protein structures) and their derivatives to solve current problems in biomedicine is becoming increasingly popular. Indeed, the format of one small, highly soluble protein with a stable structure, fully functional in terms of specific recognition, is very convenient as a module for creating multivalent, bi-/oligo-specific genetically engineered targeting molecules and structures. Production of nAb in periplasm of E. coli bacterium is a very convenient and fairly universal way to obtain analytical quantities of nAb for the initial study of the properties of these molecules and selection of the most promising nAb variants. The situation is more complicated with production of bi- and multivalent derivatives of the initially selected nAbs under the same conditions. In this work, extended linker sequences (52 and 86 aa) between the antigen-recognition modules in the cloned expression constructs were developed and applied in order to increase efficiency of production of bispecific nanoantibodies (bsNB) in the periplasm of E. coli bacteria. Three variants of model bsNBs described in this study were produced in the periplasm of bacteria and isolated in soluble form with preservation of functionality of all the protein domains. If earlier our attempts to produce bsNB in the periplasm with traditional linkers no longer than 30 aa were unsuccessful, the extended linkers used here provided a significantly more efficient production of bsNB, comparable in efficiency to the traditional production of original monomeric nAbs. The use of sufficiently long linkers could presumably be useful for increasing efficiency of production of other bsNBs and similar molecules in the periplasm of E. coli bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Tillib
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Oksana S Goryainova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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2
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Gibbings SL, Haist KC, Redente EF, Henson PM, Bratton DL. TNFα: TNFR1 signaling inhibits maturation and maintains the pro-inflammatory programming of monocyte-derived macrophages in murine chronic granulomatous disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354836. [PMID: 38404573 PMCID: PMC10884288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Loss of NADPH oxidase activity results in proinflammatory macrophages that contribute to hyperinflammation in Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD). Previously, it was shown in a zymosan-induced peritonitis model that gp91phox-/- (CGD) monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMacs) fail to phenotypically mature into pro-resolving MoMacs characteristic of wild type (WT) but retain the ability to do so when placed in the WT milieu. Accordingly, it was hypothesized that soluble factor(s) in the CGD milieu thwart appropriate programming. Methods We sought to identify key constituents using ex vivo culture of peritoneal inflammatory leukocytes and their conditioned media. MoMac phenotyping was performed via flow cytometry, measurement of efferocytic capacity and multiplex analysis of secreted cytokines. Addition of exogenous TNFα, TNFα neutralizing antibody and TNFR1-/- MoMacs were used to study the role of TNFα: TNFR1 signaling in MoMac maturation. Results More extensive phenotyping defined normal MoMac maturation and demonstrated failure of maturation of CGD MoMacs both ex vivo and in vivo. Protein components, and specifically TNFα, produced and released by CGD neutrophils and MoMacs into conditioned media was identified as critical to preventing maturation. Exogenous addition of TNFα inhibited WT MoMac maturation, and its neutralization allowed maturation of cultured CGD MoMacs. TNFα neutralization also reduced production of IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCL1 by CGD cells though these cytokines played no role in MoMac programming. MoMacs lacking TNFR1 matured more normally in the CGD milieu both ex vivo and following adoptive transfer in vivo. Discussion These data lend mechanistic insights into the utility of TNFα blockade in CGD and to other diseases where such therapy has been shown to be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L. Gibbings
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Kelsey C. Haist
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth F. Redente
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Peter M. Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Donna L. Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
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3
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Orcutt-Jahns B, Emmel PC, Snyder EM, Taylor SD, Meyer AS. Multivalent, asymmetric IL-2-Fc fusions show enhanced selectivity for regulatory T cells. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadg0699. [PMID: 37847758 PMCID: PMC10658882 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adg0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) has the potential to treat autoimmune disease but is limited by its modest specificity toward immunosuppressive regulatory T (Treg) cells. IL-2 receptors consist of combinations of α, β, and γ chains of variable affinity and cell specificity. Engineering IL-2 to treat autoimmunity has primarily focused on retaining binding to the relatively Treg-selective, high-affinity receptor while reducing binding to the less selective, low-affinity receptor. However, we found that refining the designs to focus on targeting the high-affinity receptor through avidity effects is key to optimizing Treg selectivity. We profiled the dynamics and dose dependency of signaling responses in primary human immune cells induced by engineered fusions composed of either wild-type IL-2 or mutant forms with altered affinity, valency, and fusion to the antibody Fc region for stability. Treg selectivity and signaling response variations were explained by a model of multivalent binding and dimer-enhanced avidity-a combined measure of the strength, number, and conformation of interaction sites-from which we designed tetravalent IL-2-Fc fusions that had greater Treg selectivity in culture than do current designs. Biasing avidity toward IL2Rα with an asymmetrical multivalent design consisting of one α/β chain-binding and one α chain-binding mutant further enhanced Treg selectivity. Comparative analysis revealed that IL2Rα was the optimal cell surface target for Treg selectivity, indicating that avidity for IL2Rα may be the optimal route to producing IL-2 variants that selectively target Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Orcutt-Jahns
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peter C. Emmel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eli M. Snyder
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Scott D. Taylor
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aaron S. Meyer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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4
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Zheng W, Zhou T, Zhang Y, Ding J, Xie J, Wang S, Wang Z, Wang K, Shen L, Zhu Y, Gao C. Simplified α 2-macroglobulin as a TNF-α inhibitor for inflammation alleviation in osteoarthritis and myocardial infarction therapy. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122247. [PMID: 37487780 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is a leading proinflammatory cytokine as the master regulator of inflammation in chronic inflammation diseases. Although TNF-α antagonists such as small molecules and peptides are in development, comparable effectiveness in TNF-α neutralization is hardly achieved only with TNF-α capture. In this study, simplified α2-macroglobulin (SM) as a novel TNF-α inhibitor was fabricated to relieve inflammation response by TNF-α capture and internalization with lysosomal degradation. SM was prepared by conjugating a TNF-α-targeting peptide with a receptor binding domain (RBD) derived from α2-macroglobulin through a synthetic biology strategy. SM exhibited effective capture and bioactivity inhibition of TNF-α. Improved endocytosis of TNF-α into lysosomes was observed with SM in macrophages. Even challenged with LPS/IFNγ, the macrophages showed relieved inflammation response with SM treatment. When administrated in chronic inflammation injury in vivo, SM achieved comparable therapeutic efficacy with Infliximab, showing ameliorated cartilage degeneration with relieved inflammation in osteoarthritis (OA) and preserved cardiac function with mitigated myocardium injury in myocardial infarction (MI). These results suggest that SM functioning in TNF-α capture-internalization mechanism might be promising therapeutic alternatives of TNF-α antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jie Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jieqi Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shuqin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhaoyi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kai Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liyin Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Center for Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312099, China.
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5
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Siegmund D, Wajant H. TNF and TNF receptors as therapeutic targets for rheumatic diseases and beyond. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:576-591. [PMID: 37542139 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-01002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine TNF signals via two distinct receptors, TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNFR2, and is a central mediator of various immune-mediated diseases. Indeed, TNF-neutralizing biologic drugs have been in clinical use for the treatment of many inflammatory pathological conditions, including various rheumatic diseases, for decades. TNF has pleiotropic effects and can both promote and inhibit pro-inflammatory processes. The integrated net effect of TNF in vivo is a result of cytotoxic TNFR1 signalling and the stimulation of pro-inflammatory processes mediated by TNFR1 and TNFR2 and also TNFR2-mediated anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective activities. Inhibition of the beneficial activities of TNFR2 might explain why TNF-neutralizing drugs, although highly effective in some diseases, have limited benefit in the treatment of other TNF-associated pathological conditions (such as graft-versus-host disease) or even worsen the pathological condition (such as multiple sclerosis). Receptor-specific biologic drugs have the potential to tip the balance from TNFR1-mediated activities to TNFR2-mediated activities and enable the treatment of diseases that do not respond to current TNF inhibitors. Accordingly, a variety of reagents have been developed that either selectively inhibit TNFR1 or selectively activate TNFR2. Several of these reagents have shown promise in preclinical studies and are now in, or approaching, clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Siegmund
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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6
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Therapeutic Potential of Combining IL-6 and TNF Blockade in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073521. [PMID: 35408882 PMCID: PMC8998171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined anti-cytokine therapy is a promising therapeutic approach for uncontrolled steroid-resistant asthma. In this regard, simultaneous blockade of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling by Dupilumab (anti-IL-4Ra monoclonal antibody) was recently approved for severe eosinophilic asthma. However, no therapeutic options for neutrophilic asthma are currently available. Recent advances in our understanding of asthma pathogenesis suggest that both IL-6 and TNF may represent potential targets for treatment of severe neutrophilic asthma. Nevertheless, the efficacy of simultaneous pharmacological inhibition of TNF and IL-6 in asthma was not yet studied. To evaluate the potency of combined cytokine inhibition, we simultaneously administrated IL-6 and TNF inhibitors to BALB/c mice with HDM-induced asthma. Combined IL-6/TNF inhibition, but not individual blockade of these two cytokines, led to complex anti-inflammatory effects including reduced Th2-induced eosinophilia and less prominent Th17/Th1-mediated neutrophilic infiltrate in the airways. Taken together, our results provide evidence for therapeutic potential of combined IL-6/TNF inhibition in severe steroid-resistant asthma.
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7
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Pharmacogenomics of Anti-TNF Treatment Response Marks a New Era of Tailored Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042366. [PMID: 35216481 PMCID: PMC8879844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most commonly occurring chronic inflammatory arthritis, the exact mechanism of which is not fully understood. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-targeting drugs has been shown to exert high effectiveness for RA, which indicates the key importance of this cytokine in this disease. Nevertheless, the response to TNF inhibitors varies, and approximately one third of RA patients are non-responders, which is explained by the influence of genetic factors. Knowledge in the field of pharmacogenomics of anti-TNF drugs is growing, but has not been applied in the clinical practice so far. Different genome-wide association studies identified a few single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with anti-TNF treatment response, which largely map genes involved in T cell function. Studies of the gene expression profile of RA patients have also indicated specific gene signatures that may be useful to develop novel prognostic tools. In this article, we discuss the significance of TNF in RA and present the current knowledge in pharmacogenomics related to anti-TNF treatment response.
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8
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Alizadeh AA, Morris MB, Church WB, Yaqoubi S, Dastmalchi S. A mechanistic perspective, clinical applications, and phage-display-assisted discovery of TNFα inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:503-518. [PMID: 34628042 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
TNFα participates in a variety of physiological processes, but at supra-physiological concentrations it has been implicated in the pathology of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, much attention has been devoted to the development of strategies that overcome the effects of aberrant TNFα concentration. Promising strategies include drugs that destabilize the active (trimeric) form of TNFα and antagonists of TNFα receptor type I. Underpinning these strategies is the successful application of phage-display technology to identify anti-TNFα peptides and antibodies. Here, we review the development of inhibitors of the TNFα-TNF receptor system, with particular focus on the phage-display-assisted identification of molecules that interfere with this system by acting as inhibitors of TNFα or by sequestering TNFα away from its receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Alizadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Michael B Morris
- Discipline of Physiology and Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - W Bret Church
- Group in Biomolecular Structure and Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy A15, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Shadi Yaqoubi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, PO Box 99138, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey.
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9
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ADAM17 orchestrates Interleukin-6, TNFα and EGF-R signaling in inflammation and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119141. [PMID: 34610348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It was realized in the 1990s that some membrane proteins such as TNFα, both TNF receptors, ligands of the EGF-R and the Interleukin-6 receptor are proteolytically cleaved and are shed from the cell membrane as soluble proteins. The major responsible protease is a metalloprotease named ADAM17. So far, close to 100 substrates, including cytokines, cytokine receptors, chemokines and adhesion molecules of ADAM17 are known. Therefore, ADAM17 orchestrates many different signaling pathways and is a central signaling hub in inflammation and carcinogenesis. ADAM17 plays an important role in the biology of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) since the generation of the soluble Interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) is needed for trans-signaling, which has been identified as the pro-inflammatory activity of this cytokine. In contrast, Interleukin-6 signaling via the membrane-bound Interleukin-6 receptor is mostly regenerative and protective. Probably due to its broad substrate spectrum, ADAM17 is essential for life and most of the few human individuals identified with ADAM17 gene defects died at young age. Although the potential of ADAM17 as a therapeutic target has been recognized, specific blockade of ADAM17 is not trivial since the metalloprotease domain of ADAM17 shares high structural homology with other proteases, in particular matrix metalloproteases. Here, the critical functions of ADAM17 in IL-6, TNFα and EGF-R pathways and strategies of therapeutic interventions are discussed.
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10
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Gogoleva VS, Atretkhany KSN, Dygay AP, Yurakova TR, Drutskaya MS, Nedospasov SA. Current Perspectives on the Role of TNF in Hematopoiesis Using Mice With Humanization of TNF/LT System. Front Immunol 2021; 12:661900. [PMID: 34054827 PMCID: PMC8155636 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF is a multifunctional cytokine with its key functions attributed to inflammation, secondary lymphoid tissue organogenesis and immune regulation. However, it is also a physiological regulator of hematopoiesis and is involved in development and homeostatic maintenance of various organs and tissues. Somewhat unexpectedly, the most important practical application of TNF biology in medicine is anti-TNF therapy in several autoimmune diseases. With increased number of patients undergoing treatment with TNF inhibitors and concerns regarding possible adverse effects of systemic cytokine blockade, the interest in using humanized mouse models to study the efficacy and safety of TNF-targeting biologics in vivo is justified. This Perspective discusses the main functions of TNF and its two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, in steady state, as well as in emergency hematopoiesis. It also provides a comparative overview of existing mouse lines with humanization of TNF/TNFR system. These genetically engineered mice allow us to study TNF signaling cascades in the hematopoietic compartment in the context of various experimental disease models and for evaluating the effects of various human TNF inhibitors on hematopoiesis and other physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta S Gogoleva
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
| | - Kamar-Sulu N Atretkhany
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arina P Dygay
- Department of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Taisiya R Yurakova
- Department of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina S Drutskaya
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
| | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Dawson RE, Jenkins BJ, Saad MI. IL-6 family cytokines in respiratory health and disease. Cytokine 2021; 143:155520. [PMID: 33875334 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung fibrosis represent a major burden on healthcare systems with limited effective therapeutic options. Developing effective treatments for these debilitating diseases requires an understanding of how alterations at the molecular level affect lung macroscopic architecture. A common theme among these lung disorders is the presence of an underlying dysregulated immune system which can lead to sustained chronic inflammation. In this respect, several inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of lung diseases, thus leading to the notion that cytokines are attractive therapeutic targets for these disorders. In this review, we discuss and highlight the recent breakthroughs that have enhanced our understanding of the role of the interleukin (IL)-6 family of cytokines in lung homeostasis and chronic diseases including asthma, COPD, lung fibrosis and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby E Dawson
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendan J Jenkins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohamed I Saad
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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12
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Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) target two different epitopes. These are an up-and-coming class of biologics, with two such therapeutics (emicizumab and blinatumomab) FDA approved and on the market, and many more in clinical trials. While the first reported bsAbs were constructed by chemical methods, this approach has fallen out of favour with the advent of modern genetic engineering techniques and, nowadays, the vast majority of bsAbs are produced by protein engineering. However, in recent years, relying on innovations in the fields of bioconjugation and bioorthogonal click chemistry, new chemical methods have appeared that have the potential to be competitive with protein engineering techniques and, indeed, hold some advantages. These approaches offer modularity, reproducibility and batch-to-batch consistency, as well as the integration of handles, whereby additional cargo molecules can be attached easily, e.g. to generate bispecific antibody-drug conjugates. The linker between the antibodies/antibody fragments can also be easily varied, and new formats (types, defined by structural properties or by construction methodology) can be generated rapidly. These attributes offer the potential to revolutionize the field. Here, we review chemical methods for the generation of bsAbs, showing that the newest examples of these techniques are worthy competitors to the industry-standard expression-based strategies.
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13
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Vasilenko EA, Gorshkova EN, Astrakhantseva IV, Drutskaya MS, Tillib SV, Nedospasov SA, Mokhonov VV. The structure of myeloid cell-specific TNF inhibitors affects their biological properties. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3542-3550. [PMID: 32865225 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Spatial organization and conformational changes of antibodies may significantly affect their biological functions. We assessed the effect of mutual organization of the two VH H domains within bispecific antibodies recognizing human TNF and the surface molecules of murine myeloid cells (F4/80 or CD11b) on TNF retention and inhibition. TNF-neutralizing properties in vitro and in vivo of MYSTI-2 and MYSTI-3 antibodies were compared with new variants with interchanged VH H domains and different linker sequences. The most effective structure of MYSTI-2 and MYSTI-3 proteins required the Ser/Gly-containing 'superflexible' linker. The orientation of the modules was crucial for the activity of the proteins, but not for MYSTI-3 with the Pro/Gln-containing 'semi-rigid' linker. Our results may contribute toward the development of more effective drug prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irina V Astrakhantseva
- Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Marina S Drutskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei V Tillib
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav V Mokhonov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Blokhina Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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14
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Kruglov A, Drutskaya M, Schlienz D, Gorshkova E, Kurz K, Morawietz L, Nedospasov S. Contrasting contributions of TNF from distinct cellular sources in arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:1453-1459. [PMID: 32796044 PMCID: PMC7569389 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Neutralisation of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is widely used as a therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, this therapy is only effective in less than a half of patients and is associated with several side effects. We hypothesised that TNF may possess non-redundant protective and immunomodulatory functions in vivo that cannot be blocked without a cost. The present work aimed to identify cellular sources of protective and pathogenic TNF, and its molecular forms during autoimmune arthritis. Methods Mice lacking TNF expression by distinct cell types, such as myeloid cells and T or B lymphocytes, were subjected to collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and collagen antibody-induced arthritis. Mice lacking soluble TNF production were also employed. The severity and incidence of the disease, as well as humoral and cellular responses were assessed. Results Myeloid cell-derived TNF contributes to both induction and pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis. Conversely, T cell-derived TNF is protective during the induction phase of arthritis via limiting of interleukin-12 production by dendritic cells and by subsequent control of autoreactive memory T cell development, but is dispensable during the effector phase of arthritis. B cell-derived TNF mediates severity of CIA via control of pathogenic autoantibody production. Conclusions Distinct TNF-producing cell types may modulate disease development through different mechanisms, suggesting that in arthritis TNF ablation from restricted cellular sources, such as myeloid cells, while preserving protective TNF functions from other cell types may be superior to pan-anti-TNF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Kruglov
- Chronic inflammation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany .,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Drutskaya
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dirk Schlienz
- Chronic inflammation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Gorshkova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Katharina Kurz
- Chronic inflammation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Morawietz
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinischen Versorgungszentrum im Fürstenberg-Karree Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergei Nedospasov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation .,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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15
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16
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Abstract
Bispecific therapeutics target two distinct antigens simultaneously and provide novel functionalities that are not attainable with single monospecific molecules or combinations of them. The unique potential of bispecific therapeutics is driving extensive efforts to discover synergistic dual targets, design molecular formats to integrate bispecific elements, and accelerate successful clinical translation. In particular, the past decade has witnessed a boom in the design and development of bispecific antibody formats with more than 100 collections to date. Despite the remarkable progress that has been made to expand the number of formats, qualitative fine-tuning of bispecific formats is needed to achieve optimal dual-target engagement based on understanding of the spatiotemporal interdependence of the two physically linked binding specificities and the complex target biology associated with bispecific approaches. This review provides insights into the design parameters - including affinity, valency, and geometry - that need to be considered at an early stage of development in order to take the best advantage of bispecific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung In Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Yongso-ro 45, Nam-gu, Busan, South Korea.
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17
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Vasilenko EA, Gorshkova EN, Astrakhantseva IV, Nedospasov SA, Mokhonov VV. Three-Domain Antibodies against the Tumor Necrosis Factor: Investigation of Their Biological Activity In Vitro. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020030218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Gordon S, Plüddemann A, Mukhopadhyay S. Plasma membrane receptors of tissue macrophages: functions and role in pathology. J Pathol 2020; 250:656-666. [PMID: 32086805 DOI: 10.1002/path.5404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) constitute a dispersed organ, which is distributed throughout the body. Macrophages in different tissues display distinctive mosaic phenotypes as resident and recruited cells of embryonic and bone marrow origin, respectively. They help to maintain homeostasis during development and throughout adult life, yet contribute to the pathogenesis of many disease processes, including inflammation, innate and adaptive immunity, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Heterogeneous tissue macrophage populations display a wide variety of surface molecules to recognise and respond to host, microbial, and exogenous ligands in their environment; their receptors mediate the uptake and destruction of effete and dying host cells and pathogens, as well as contribute trophic and secretory functions within every organ in the body. Apart from local cellular interactions, macrophage surface molecules and products serve to mobilise and coordinate systemic humoral and cellular responses. Their use as antigen markers in pathogenesis and as potential drug targets has lagged in clinical pathology and human immunotherapy. In this review, we summarise the properties of selected surface molecules expressed on macrophages in different tissues and disease processes, to provide a functional basis for diagnosis, further research, and treatment. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamon Gordon
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Annette Plüddemann
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Subhankar Mukhopadhyay
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK
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19
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Smagina IV, Elchaninova SA, Palashchenko AS, Galaktionova LP. [Pathological and protective effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in multiple sclerosis]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 119:14-20. [PMID: 31934984 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20191191014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is involved in the regulation of both physiological and pathological processes in the central nervous system (CNS). The effects of TNF-α on CNS reported in clinical trials and experimental studies, evidence of involvement of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis are analyzed. Possible causes of failures of non-selective pharmacological inhibition of TNF-α effects in MS are considered in view of current concepts on mechanisms of TNF-α action.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Smagina
- Altai State Medical University, Barnaul, Russia; Regional Clinical Hospital, Barnaul, Russia
| | | | - A S Palashchenko
- Altai State Medical University, Barnaul, Russia; Regional Clinical Hospital, Barnaul, Russia
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20
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Drutskaya MS, Nosenko MA, Gorshkova EA, Mokhonov VV, Zvartsev RV, Polinova AI, Kruglov AA, Nedospasov SA. Effects of myeloid cell-restricted TNF inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:933-939. [PMID: 32040234 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ab0120-532r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic TNF neutralization can be used as a therapy for several autoimmune diseases. To evaluate the effects of cell type-restricted TNF blockade, we previously generated bispecific antibodies that can limit TNF secretion by myeloid cells (myeloid cell-specific TNF inhibitors or MYSTIs). In this study several such variable domain (VH) of a camelid heavy-chain only antibody-based TNF inhibitors were compared in relevant experimental models, both in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment with MYSTI-2, containing the anti-F4/80 module, can restrict the release of human TNF (hTNF) from LPS-activated bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) cultures of humanized TNF knock-in (mice; hTNFKI) more effectively than MYSTI-3, containing the anti-CD11b module. MYSTI-2 was also superior to MYSTI-3 in providing in vivo protection in acute toxicity model. Finally, MYSTI-2 was at least as effective as Infliximab in preventing collagen antibody-induced arthritis. This study demonstrates that a 33 kDa bispecific mini-antibody that specifically restricts TNF secretion by macrophages is efficient for amelioration of experimental arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina S Drutskaya
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim A Nosenko
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Gorshkova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav V Mokhonov
- Blokhina Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ruslan V Zvartsev
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Andrey A Kruglov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Modulation of bioavailability of proinflammatory cytokines produced by myeloid cells. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2019; 49:S39-S42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Yang M, Zhou Y, Liu L, Wang S, Jiang J, Shang Q, Yu H, Xiang X, Pang X, Li T, Zhao P. Decreased A20 expression on circulating CD56 bright NK cells contributes to a worse disease status in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 198:1-10. [PMID: 31206174 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A20, a pivotal anti-inflammatory protein, preserves immune homeostasis and regulates prolonged inflammation. A previous study has shown that A20 expression levels are down-regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). However, the precise role of A20 in reducing autoimmune disorders needs to be further elucidated. In this study, A20 expression was found to be preferentially reduced on circulating CD56bright natural killer (NK) cells in patients with AS, and its level was negatively correlated with that of proinflammatory cytokines. Further investigation demonstrated that A20 reduces interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in CD56bright NK cells after stimulation with monokines or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin(P/I). Furthermore, CD56bright NK cells isolated from AS patients promote TNF-α secretion by autologous monocytes, and increasing the A20 expression level partially attenuates this process. More importantly, decreased A20 expression on circulating CD56bright NK cells is associated with worse disease status in patients with AS. Our findings reveal that A20 participates in the pathogenesis of AS by negatively regulating CD56bright NK cells and that its reduced expression contributes to a worsened disease status in patients with AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yang
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - L Liu
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Zibo, China
| | - S Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Zibo Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Zibo, China
| | - J Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Q Shang
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Zibo, China
| | - H Yu
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Zibo, China
| | - X Xiang
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Zibo, China
| | - X Pang
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Zibo, China
| | - T Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - P Zhao
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Zibo, China
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23
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Lambertsen KL, Finsen B, Clausen BH. Post-stroke inflammation-target or tool for therapy? Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:693-714. [PMID: 30483945 PMCID: PMC6482288 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1930-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is currently considered a prime target for the development of new stroke therapies. In the acute phase of ischemic stroke, microglia are activated and then circulating immune cells invade the peri-infarct and infarct core. Resident and infiltrating cells together orchestrate the post-stroke inflammatory response, communicating with each other and the ischemic neurons, through soluble and membrane-bound signaling molecules, including cytokines. Inflammation can be both detrimental and beneficial at particular stages after a stroke. While it can contribute to expansion of the infarct, it is also responsible for infarct resolution, and influences remodeling and repair. Several pre-clinical and clinical proof-of-concept studies have suggested the effectiveness of pharmacological interventions that target inflammation post-stroke. Experimental evidence shows that targeting certain inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-10, holds promise. However, as these cytokines possess non-redundant protective and immunoregulatory functions, their neutralization or augmentation carries a risk of unwanted side effects, and clinical translation is, therefore, challenging. This review summarizes the cell biology of the post-stroke inflammatory response and discusses pharmacological interventions targeting inflammation in the acute phase after a stroke that may be used alone or in combination with recanalization therapies. Development of next-generation immune therapies should ideally aim at selectively neutralizing pathogenic immune signaling, enhancing tissue preservation, promoting neurological recovery and leaving normal function intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lykke Lambertsen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Research, BRIDGE-Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Bente Finsen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, BRIDGE-Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Bettina Hjelm Clausen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, BRIDGE-Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
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24
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Immunoreceptor Engineering and Synthetic Cytokine Signaling for Therapeutics. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:258-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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25
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Jank L, Pinto-Espinoza C, Duan Y, Koch-Nolte F, Magnus T, Rissiek B. Current Approaches and Future Perspectives for Nanobodies in Stroke Diagnostic and Therapy. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:antib8010005. [PMID: 31544811 PMCID: PMC6640704 DOI: 10.3390/antib8010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based biologics are the corner stone of modern immunomodulatory therapy. Though highly effective in dampening systemic inflammatory processes, their large size and Fc-fragment mediated effects hamper crossing of the blood brain barrier (BBB). Nanobodies (Nbs) are single domain antibodies derived from llama or shark heavy-chain antibodies and represent a new generation of biologics. Due to their small size, they display excellent tissue penetration capacities and can be easily modified to adjust their vivo half-life for short-term diagnostic or long-term therapeutic purposes or to facilitate crossing of the BBB. Furthermore, owing to their characteristic binding mode, they are capable of antagonizing receptors involved in immune signaling and of neutralizing proinflammatory mediators, such as cytokines. These qualities combined make Nbs well-suited for down-modulating neuroinflammatory processes that occur in the context of brain ischemia. In this review, we summarize recent findings on Nbs in preclinical stroke models and how they can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic reagents. We further provide a perspective on the design of innovative Nb-based treatment protocols to complement and improve stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Jank
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Carolina Pinto-Espinoza
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Yinghui Duan
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Björn Rissiek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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26
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Naran K, Nundalall T, Chetty S, Barth S. Principles of Immunotherapy: Implications for Treatment Strategies in Cancer and Infectious Diseases. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3158. [PMID: 30622524 PMCID: PMC6308495 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The advances in cancer biology and pathogenesis during the past two decades, have resulted in immunotherapeutic strategies that have revolutionized the treatment of malignancies, from relatively non-selective toxic agents to specific, mechanism-based therapies. Despite extensive global efforts, infectious diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating novel, innovative therapeutics that address the current challenges of increasing antimicrobial resistance. Similar to cancer pathogenesis, infectious pathogens successfully fashion a hospitable environment within the host and modulate host metabolic functions to support their nutritional requirements, while suppressing host defenses by altering regulatory mechanisms. These parallels, and the advances made in targeted therapy in cancer, may inform the rational development of therapeutic interventions for infectious diseases. Although "immunotherapy" is habitually associated with the treatment of cancer, this review accentuates the evolving role of key targeted immune interventions that are approved, as well as those in development, for various cancers and infectious diseases. The general features of adoptive therapies, those that enhance T cell effector function, and ligand-based therapies, that neutralize or eliminate diseased cells, are discussed in the context of specific diseases that, to date, lack appropriate remedial treatment; cancer, HIV, TB, and drug-resistant bacterial and fungal infections. The remarkable diversity and versatility that distinguishes immunotherapy is emphasized, consequently establishing this approach within the armory of curative therapeutics, applicable across the disease spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krupa Naran
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Trishana Nundalall
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shivan Chetty
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stefan Barth
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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27
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Gogoleva VS, Atretkhany KSN, Drutskaya MS, Mufazalov IA, Kruglov AA, Nedospasov SA. Cytokines as Mediators of Neuroinflammation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:1089-1103. [PMID: 30472948 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918090110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis of the immune system and in regulation of the immune response. Cytokine dysregulation is often associated with development of various pathological conditions, including autoimmunity. Recent studies have provided insights into the cytokine signaling pathways that are involved not only in pathogenesis of autoimmune neuroinflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, but also in neurodegenerative states, for example, Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the exact molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and evaluation of relevant experimental animal models are necessary for development of effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Gogoleva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - K-S N Atretkhany
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - M S Drutskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - I A Mufazalov
- University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - A A Kruglov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - S A Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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28
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Intrinsic TNFR2 signaling in T regulatory cells provides protection in CNS autoimmunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:13051-13056. [PMID: 30498033 PMCID: PMC6304938 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807499115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of TNF involvement in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic TNF neutralization in MS patients was not successful. One of the possible reasons is that TNF possesses both pathogenic and protective features that may be related to TNFR1 versus TNFR2 receptor engagement. This study uncovers one of such protective functions of TNF mediated by intrinsic TNFR2 signaling in Treg cells. In mice bearing humanized TNF and TNFR2 genetic loci, TNFR2 ablation restricted to Treg cells led to reduced capacity to control Th17 cell responses, exacerbated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) development, and affected the maintenance of Treg cells. These findings provide support for the emerging role of TNFR2 signaling in autoimmunity, as demonstrated here in mice with conditional inactivation of TNFR2. TNF is a multifunctional cytokine involved in autoimmune disease pathogenesis that exerts its effects through two distinct TNF receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. While TNF- and TNFR1-deficient (but not TNFR2-deficient) mice show very similar phenotypes, the significance of TNFR2 signaling in health and disease remains incompletely understood. Recent studies implicated the importance of the TNF/TNFR2 axis in T regulatory (Treg) cell functions. To definitively ascertain the significance of TNFR2 signaling, we generated and validated doubly humanized TNF/TNFR2 mice, with the option of conditional inactivation of TNFR2. These mice carry a functional human TNF-TNFR2 (hTNF-hTNFR2) signaling module and provide a useful tool for comparative evaluation of TNF-directed biologics. Conditional inactivation of TNFR2 in FoxP3+ cells in doubly humanized TNF/TNFR2 mice down-regulated the expression of Treg signature molecules (such as FoxP3, CD25, CTLA-4, and GITR) and diminished Treg suppressive function in vitro. Consequently, Treg-restricted TNFR2 deficiency led to significant exacerbation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), accompanied by reduced capacity to control Th17-mediated immune responses. Our findings expose the intrinsic and beneficial effects of TNFR2 signaling in Treg cells that could translate into protective functions in vivo, including treatment of autoimmunity.
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29
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Gubernatorova EO, Gorshkova EA, Namakanova OA, Zvartsev RV, Hidalgo J, Drutskaya MS, Tumanov AV, Nedospasov SA. Non-redundant Functions of IL-6 Produced by Macrophages and Dendritic Cells in Allergic Airway Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2718. [PMID: 30534125 PMCID: PMC6276801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common inflammatory disease of the airway caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors and characterized by airflow obstruction, wheezing, eosinophilia, and neutrophilia of lungs and sputum. Similar to other proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 is elevated in asthma and plays an active role in this disease. However, the exact molecular mechanism of IL-6 involvement in the pathogenesis of asthma remains largely unknown and the major cellular source of pathogenic IL-6 has not been defined. In the present study, we used conditional gene targeting to demonstrate that macrophages and dendritic cells are the critical sources of pathogenic IL-6 in acute HDM-induced asthma in mice. Complete genetic inactivation of IL-6 ameliorated the disease with significant decrease in eosinophilia in the lungs. Specific ablation of IL-6 in macrophages reduced key indicators of type 2 allergic inflammation, including eosinophil and Th2 cell accumulation in the lungs, production of IgE and expression of asthma-associated inflammatory mediators. In contrast, mice with deficiency of IL-6 in dendritic cells demonstrated attenuated neutrophilic, but regular eosinophilic response in HDM-induced asthma. Taken together, our results indicate that IL-6 plays a pathogenic role in the HDM-induced asthma model and that lung macrophages and dendritic cells are the predominant sources of pathogenic IL-6 but contribute differently to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina O Gubernatorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Gorshkova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A Namakanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ruslan V Zvartsev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Juan Hidalgo
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina S Drutskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei V Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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30
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Abstract
Bispecific antibodies have moved from being an academic curiosity with therapeutic promise to reality, with two molecules being currently commercialized (Hemlibra® and Blincyto®) and many more in clinical trials. The success of bispecific antibodies is mainly due to the continuously growing number of mechanisms of actions (MOA) they enable that are not accessible to monoclonal antibodies. One of the earliest MOA of bispecific antibodies and currently the one with the largest number of clinical trials is the redirecting of the cytotoxic activity of T-cells for oncology applications, now extending its use in infective diseases. The use of bispecific antibodies for crossing the blood-brain barrier is another important application because of its potential to advance the therapeutic options for neurological diseases. Another noteworthy application due to its growing trend is enabling a more tissue-specific delivery or activity of antibodies. The different molecular solutions to the initial hurdles that limited the development of bispecific antibodies have led to the current diverse set of bispecific or multispecific antibody formats that can be grouped into three main categories: IgG-like formats, antibody fragment-based formats, or appended IgG formats. The expanded applications of bispecific antibodies come at the price of additional challenges for clinical development. The rising complexity in their structure may increase the risk of immunogenicity and the multiple antigen specificity complicates the selection of relevant species for safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Husain
- Protein Chemistry Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Diego Ellerman
- Protein Chemistry Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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31
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Chen YC, Huang AL, Kyaw TS, Bobik A, Peter K. Atherosclerotic Plaque Rupture: Identifying the Straw That Breaks the Camel's Back. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 36:e63-72. [PMID: 27466619 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Chen
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Y.-C.C., A.L.H., K.P.), and Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory (T.S.K., A.B.), Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.L.H., A.B., K.P.)
| | - Alex L Huang
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Y.-C.C., A.L.H., K.P.), and Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory (T.S.K., A.B.), Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.L.H., A.B., K.P.)
| | - Tin S Kyaw
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Y.-C.C., A.L.H., K.P.), and Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory (T.S.K., A.B.), Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.L.H., A.B., K.P.)
| | - Alex Bobik
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Y.-C.C., A.L.H., K.P.), and Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory (T.S.K., A.B.), Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.L.H., A.B., K.P.)
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Y.-C.C., A.L.H., K.P.), and Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory (T.S.K., A.B.), Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.L.H., A.B., K.P.).
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32
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Vasilenko EA, Mokhonov VV, Gorshkova EN, Astrakhantseva IV. Bispecific Antibodies: Formats and Areas of Application. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893318020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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33
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A New Venue of TNF Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051442. [PMID: 29751683 PMCID: PMC5983675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The first Food and Drug Administration-(FDA)-approved drugs were small, chemically-manufactured and highly active molecules with possible off-target effects, followed by protein-based medicines such as antibodies. Conventional antibodies bind a specific protein and are becoming increasingly important in the therapeutic landscape. A very prominent class of biologicals are the anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs that are applied in several inflammatory diseases that are characterized by dysregulated TNF levels. Marketing of TNF inhibitors revolutionized the treatment of diseases such as Crohn’s disease. However, these inhibitors also have undesired effects, some of them directly associated with the inherent nature of this drug class, whereas others are linked with their mechanism of action, being pan-TNF inhibition. The effects of TNF can diverge at the level of TNF format or receptor, and we discuss the consequences of this in sepsis, autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. Recently, researchers tried to design drugs with reduced side effects. These include molecules with more specificity targeting one specific TNF format or receptor, or that neutralize TNF in specific cells. Alternatively, TNF-directed biologicals without the typical antibody structure are manufactured. Here, we review the complications related to the use of conventional TNF inhibitors, together with the anti-TNF alternatives and the benefits of selective approaches in different diseases.
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34
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Mokhonov VV, Vasilenko EA, Gorshkova EN, Astrakhantseva IV, Novikov DV, Novikov VV. SlyD-deficient Escherichia coli strains: A highway to contaminant-free protein extraction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:967-972. [PMID: 29626483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Binding of native bacterial protein SlyD to metal affinity matrices remains a major problem in affinity purification of His-tagged recombinant proteins from Escherichia coli cells. In this study, four novel E. coli strains that lack the expression of SlyD/SlyX, were engineered using λ-red mediated chromosomal deletion. The resultant mutant E. coli strains allow us to obtain SlyD-free proteins immediately after metal affinity chromatography, and eliminate additional purification processes. As a model protein, bispecific antibodies composed of anti-F4/80 VHH module and anti-TNF VHH module (MYSTI-2) were used. Using this protein we have shown that the SlyD/SlyX-deficient E. coli strains allow us to obtain a fully functional protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav V Mokhonov
- Center of Molecular Biology and Biomedicine, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina A Vasilenko
- Center of Molecular Biology and Biomedicine, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N Gorshkova
- Center of Molecular Biology and Biomedicine, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia
| | - Irina V Astrakhantseva
- Center of Molecular Biology and Biomedicine, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Novikov
- Center of Molecular Biology and Biomedicine, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia
| | - Viktor V Novikov
- Center of Molecular Biology and Biomedicine, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia
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35
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Iezzi ME, Policastro L, Werbajh S, Podhajcer O, Canziani GA. Single-Domain Antibodies and the Promise of Modular Targeting in Cancer Imaging and Treatment. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29520274 PMCID: PMC5827546 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies and their fragments have significantly changed the outcome of cancer in the clinic, effectively inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, triggering antibody-dependent immune effector cell activation and complement mediated cell death. Along with a continued expansion in number, diversity, and complexity of validated tumor targets there is an increasing focus on engineering recombinant antibody fragments for lead development. Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), in particular those engineered from the variable heavy-chain fragment (VHH gene) found in Camelidae heavy-chain antibodies (or IgG2 and IgG3), are the smallest fragments that retain the full antigen-binding capacity of the antibody with advantageous properties as drugs. For similar reasons, growing attention is being paid to the yet smaller variable heavy chain new antigen receptor (VNAR) fragments found in Squalidae. sdAbs have been selected, mostly from immune VHH libraries, to inhibit or modulate enzyme activity, bind soluble factors, internalize cell membrane receptors, or block cytoplasmic targets. This succinct review is a compilation of recent data documenting the application of engineered, recombinant sdAb in the clinic as epitope recognition “modules” to build monomeric, dimeric and multimeric ligands that target, tag and stall solid tumor growth in vivo. Size, affinity, specificity, and the development profile of sdAbs drugs are seemingly consistent with desirable clinical efficacy and safety requirements. But the hepatotoxicity of the tetrameric anti-DR5-VHH drug in patients with pre-existing anti-drug antibodies halted the phase I clinical trial and called for a thorough pre-screening of the immune and poly-specific reactivities of the sdAb leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Iezzi
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Policastro
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio Nanomedicina, Gerencia de Desarrollo Tecnológico y Proyectos Especiales, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Werbajh
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Podhajcer
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Alicia Canziani
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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36
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Hearty S, Leonard P, Ma H, O'Kennedy R. Measuring Antibody-Antigen Binding Kinetics Using Surface Plasmon Resonance. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1827:421-455. [PMID: 30196510 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8648-4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is now widely embraced as a technology for monitoring a diverse range of protein-protein interactions and is considered almost de rigueur for characterizing antibody-antigen interactions. The technique obviates the need to label either of the interacting species, and the binding event is visualized in real time. Thus, it is ideally suited for screening crude, unpurified antibody samples that dominate early candidate panels following antibody selection campaigns. SPR returns not only concentration and affinity data but when used correctly can resolve the discrete component kinetic parameters (association and dissociation rate constants) of the affinity interaction. Herein, we outline some SPR-based generic antibody screening configurations and methodologies in the context of expediting data-rich ranking of candidate antibody panels and ensuring that antibodies with the optimal kinetic binding characteristics are reliably identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hearty
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Leonard
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hui Ma
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
- Qatar Foundation and Research Complex, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
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37
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Deyev SM, Lebedenko EN. Targeted Bifunctional Proteins and Hybrid Nanoconstructs for Cancer Diagnostics and Therapies. Mol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s002689331706005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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38
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Mach JP. Recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies, from Tumor Targeting to Cancer Immunotherapy: A Critical Overview. Mol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893317060115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Polanovsky OL. Antibody Engineering: From the Idea to Its Implementation. Mol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893317060139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Kruglov AA, Nedospasov SA. [Cytokine neutralization at specific cellular source : A new therapeutic paradigm? German Version]. Z Rheumatol 2017; 76:163-165. [PMID: 28058501 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-016-0244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, treatment of autoimmune diseases is based on manipulation of general control mechanisms, including those mediated by immunoregulatory cytokines. This approach is non-curative and may cause unwanted side effects due to numerous beneficial and non-redundant functions of a particular cytokine. METHODS Techniques of reverse genetics, such as conditional gene targeting, were employed to uncover the contributions of two proinflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), in various disease states. RESULTS Several non-redundant functions of TNF from distinct cellular sources were identified. TNF from myeloid cells is pathogenic in several autoimmune diseases, whereas TNF produced by T cells showed non-redundant protective functions in experimental arthritis and in a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection model. To test the idea of selective pharmacological inhibition of "bad" TNF produced by myeloid cells while sparing "good" TNF produced by T lymphocytes, a myeloid-specific TNF inhibitor (MYSTI) was designed - a recombinant mini-antibody with dual specificity that can bind to the surface molecule F4/80 on myeloid cells and to TNF. In vitro experiments confirmed retention of TNF on the surface of TNF-producing cells and in vivo experiments indicated that MYSTI can protect mice from lethal TNF-mediated hepatotoxicity. MYSTI is also effective in experimental arthritis. CONCLUSION The proposed therapeutic strategy may be more effective than systemic anti-cytokine therapy in several human autoimmune diseases, as it would preserve the potentially beneficial effects of the same cytokine produced by other cell types. Such bispecific biological agents may become interesting tools for experimental studies and, eventually, drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Kruglov
- Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology and Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moskau, Russland
| | - S A Nedospasov
- Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland. .,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology and Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moskau, Russland.
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41
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Nosenko MA, Atretkhany KSN, Mokhonov VV, Efimov GA, Kruglov AA, Tillib SV, Drutskaya MS, Nedospasov SA. VHH-Based Bispecific Antibodies Targeting Cytokine Production. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1073. [PMID: 28919896 PMCID: PMC5585155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF, IL-6, and IL-1, play pathogenic roles in multiple diseases and are attractive targets for biologic drugs. Because proinflammatory cytokines possess non-redundant protective and immunoregulatory functions, their systemic neutralization carries the potential for unwanted side effects. Therefore, next-generation anti-cytokine therapies would seek to selectively neutralize pathogenic cytokine signaling, leaving normal function intact. Fortunately, the biology of proinflammatory cytokines provides several such opportunities. Here, we discuss various applications of bispecific antibodies targeting cytokines with specific focus on selective TNF neutralization targeted directly to the surface of specific populations of monocytes and macrophages. These bispecific antibodies combine an anti-TNF VHH with VHHs or scFvs directed against abundant surface molecules on myeloid cells and serve to limit the bioavailability of TNF produced by these cells. Such reagents may become prototypes of a novel class of anti-cytokine biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A. Nosenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kamar-Sulu N. Atretkhany
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav V. Mokhonov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Grigory A. Efimov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Kruglov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- German Rheumatism Research Center, Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergei V. Tillib
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina S. Drutskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei A. Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- German Rheumatism Research Center, Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
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42
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Weizman T, Levin I, Zaretsky M, Sagi I, Aharoni A. Increased Potency of a Bi-specific TL1A-ADAM17 (TACE) Inhibitor by Cell Surface Targeting. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:61. [PMID: 28879185 PMCID: PMC5572276 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease characterized by the dysregulated activity of many pro-inflammatory factors. Thus, bi-specific inhibitors for the simultaneous inhibition of two pro-inflammatory factors can exhibit high therapeutic potential. Here, we developed a novel bi-specific inhibitor targeting the TL1A cytokine and ADAM17/TACE metalloprotease. Biochemical analysis of the bi-specific inhibitor revealed high TL1A binding and TACE inhibition that is similar to the two respective mono-specific inhibitors. Interestingly, cell based assays for TL1A inhibition revealed strong synergism between the inhibitory domains showing an up to 80-fold increase in potency of the bi-specific inhibitor. The dramatic increase in potency is associated with binding to cell membranes through the TACE inhibitory domain leading to increased concentration of the inhibitor on the cell surface. Our study highlights the high potential of the simultaneous targeting of cell surface metalloprotease (TACE) and soluble pro-inflammatory cytokine (TL1A) as a potential therapeutic approach in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Weizman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, BeershebaBeersheba, Israel.,The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, BeershebaBeersheba, Israel
| | - Itay Levin
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, BeershebaBeersheba, Israel
| | - Marianna Zaretsky
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, BeershebaBeersheba, Israel.,The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, BeershebaBeersheba, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Aharoni
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, BeershebaBeersheba, Israel.,The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, BeershebaBeersheba, Israel
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43
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Beirnaert E, Desmyter A, Spinelli S, Lauwereys M, Aarden L, Dreier T, Loris R, Silence K, Pollet C, Cambillau C, de Haard H. Bivalent Llama Single-Domain Antibody Fragments against Tumor Necrosis Factor Have Picomolar Potencies due to Intramolecular Interactions. Front Immunol 2017; 8:867. [PMID: 28824615 PMCID: PMC5534440 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a cytokine involved in inflammatory pathologies, can be inhibited by antibodies or trap molecules. Herein, llama-derived variable heavy-chain domains of heavy-chain antibody (VHH, also called Nanobodies™) were generated for the engineering of bivalent constructs, which antagonize the binding of TNF to its receptors with picomolar potencies. Three monomeric VHHs (VHH#1, VHH#2, and VHH#3) were characterized in detail and found to bind TNF with sub-nanomolar affinities. The crystal structures of the TNF-VHH complexes demonstrate that VHH#1 and VHH#2 share the same epitope, at the center of the interaction area of TNF with its TNFRs, while VHH#3 binds to a different, but partially overlapping epitope. These structures rationalize our results obtained with bivalent constructs in which two VHHs were coupled via linkers of different lengths. Contrary to conventional antibodies, these bivalent Nanobody™ constructs can bind to a single trimeric TNF, thus binding with avidity and blocking two of the three receptor binding sites in the cytokine. The different mode of binding to antigen and the engineering into bivalent constructs supports the design of highly potent VHH-based therapeutic entities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Desmyter
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France.,Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Silvia Spinelli
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France.,Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | | | - Lucien Aarden
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Remy Loris
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Christian Cambillau
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France.,Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France
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44
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Polygenic burdens on cell-specific pathways underlie the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Genet 2017; 49:1120-1125. [PMID: 28553958 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that a substantial portion of complex disease risk alleles modify gene expression in a cell-specific manner. To identify candidate causal genes and biological pathways of immune-related complex diseases, we conducted expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis on five subsets of immune cells (CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells and monocytes) and unfractionated peripheral blood from 105 healthy Japanese volunteers. We developed a three-step analytical pipeline comprising (i) prediction of individual gene expression using our eQTL database and public epigenomic data, (ii) gene-level association analysis and (iii) prediction of cell-specific pathway activity by integrating the direction of eQTL effects. By applying this pipeline to rheumatoid arthritis data sets, we identified candidate causal genes and a cytokine pathway (upregulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in CD4+ T cells). Our approach is an efficient way to characterize the polygenic contributions and potential biological mechanisms of complex diseases.
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45
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Drutskaya MS, Efimov GA, Kruglov AA, Nedospasov SA. Can we design a better anti‐cytokine therapy? J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:783-790. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ma0117-025r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marina S. Drutskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigory A. Efimov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia; and
| | - Andrei A. Kruglov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergei A. Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
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Wolf Y, Shemer A, Polonsky M, Gross M, Mildner A, Yona S, David E, Kim KW, Goldmann T, Amit I, Heikenwalder M, Nedospasov S, Prinz M, Friedman N, Jung S. Autonomous TNF is critical for in vivo monocyte survival in steady state and inflammation. J Exp Med 2017; 214:905-917. [PMID: 28330904 PMCID: PMC5379969 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are circulating mononuclear phagocytes, poised to extravasate to sites of inflammation and differentiate into monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and its receptors are up-regulated during monopoiesis and expressed by circulating monocytes, as well as effector monocytes infiltrating certain sites of inflammation, such as the spinal cord, during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this study, using competitive in vitro and in vivo assays, we show that monocytes deficient for TNF or TNF receptors are outcompeted by their wild-type counterpart. Moreover, monocyte-autonomous TNF is critical for the function of these cells, as TNF ablation in monocytes/macrophages, but not in microglia, delayed the onset of EAE in challenged animals and was associated with reduced acute spinal cord infiltration of Ly6Chi effector monocytes. Collectively, our data reveal a previously unappreciated critical cell-autonomous role of TNF on monocytes for their survival, maintenance, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yochai Wolf
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Anat Shemer
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Polonsky
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mor Gross
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alexander Mildner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Simon Yona
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ki-Wook Kim
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tobias Goldmann
- Institute for Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Institut für Virologie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergei Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia 119991.,German Rheumatism Research Center, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute for Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nir Friedman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Atretkhany KSN, Drutskaya MS. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Proinflammatory Cytokines as Targets for Cancer Therapy. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:1274-1283. [PMID: 27914453 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916110055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells represent a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells. Under normal conditions, these cells differentiate into macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes. However, in pathological states such as inflammation, infection, or tumor growth, there is an arrest of their differentiation that results in the accumulation of immature myeloid cells in the organism. In addition, these cells acquire a suppressor phenotype, expressing anti-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and suppress T-cell immune response. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) contribute to cancerogenesis by forming a favorable microenvironment for tumor growth. Proinflammatory cytokines, secreted by tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, induce angiogenesis and metastasis and promote tumor growth. They also provide signals necessary for survival, accumulation, and function of MDSC. Understanding the mechanisms of myeloid suppressor cell development and the use of proinflammatory cytokine inhibitors may prove beneficial for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-S N Atretkhany
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Biologics for Targeting Inflammatory Cytokines, Clinical Uses, and Limitations. Int J Cell Biol 2016; 2016:9259646. [PMID: 28083070 PMCID: PMC5204077 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9259646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines are potent mediators of numerous biological processes and are tightly regulated in the body. Chronic uncontrolled levels of such cytokines can initiate and derive many pathologies, including incidences of autoimmunity and cancer. Therefore, therapies that regulate the activity of inflammatory cytokines, either by supplementation of anti-inflammatory recombinant cytokines or by neutralizing them by using blocking antibodies, have been extensively used over the past decades. Over the past few years, new innovative biological agents for blocking and regulating cytokine activities have emerged. Here, we review some of the most recent approaches of cytokine targeting, focusing on anti-TNF antibodies or recombinant TNF decoy receptor, recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and anti-IL-1 antibodies, anti-IL-6 receptor antibodies, and TH17 targeting antibodies. We discuss their effects as biologic drugs, as evaluated in numerous clinical trials, and highlight their therapeutic potential as well as emphasize their inherent limitations and clinical risks. We suggest that while systemic blocking of proinflammatory cytokines using biological agents can ameliorate disease pathogenesis and progression, it may also abrogate the hosts defense against infections. Moreover, we outline the rational need to develop new therapies, which block inflammatory cytokines only at sites of inflammation, while enabling their function systemically.
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Kruglov AA, Nedospasov SA. Cytokine neutralization at specific cellular source : A new therapeutic paradigm? Z Rheumatol 2016; 76:22-24. [PMID: 27787607 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-016-0215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, treatment of autoimmune diseases is based on manipulation of general control mechanisms, including those mediated by immunoregulatory cytokines. This approach is non-curative and may cause unwanted side effects due to numerous beneficial and non-redundant functions of a particular cytokine. METHODS Techniques of reverse genetics, such as conditional gene targeting, were employed to uncover the contributions of two proinflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), in various disease states. RESULTS Several non-redundant functions of TNF from distinct cellular sources were identified. TNF from myeloid cells is pathogenic in several autoimmune diseases, whereas TNF produced by T cells showed non-redundant protective functions in experimental arthritis and in a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection model. To test the idea of selective pharmacological inhibition of "bad" TNF produced by myeloid cells while sparing "good" TNF produced by T lymphocytes, a myeloid-specific TNF inhibitor (MYSTI) was designed-a recombinant mini-antibody with dual specificity that can bind to the surface molecule F4/80 on myeloid cells and to TNF. In vitro experiments confirmed retention of TNF on the surface of TNF-producing cells and in vivo experiments indicated that MYSTI can protect mice from lethal TNF-mediated hepatotoxicity. MYSTI is also effective in experimental arthritis. CONCLUSION The proposed therapeutic strategy may be more effective than systemic anti-cytokine therapy in several human autoimmune diseases, as it would preserve the potentially beneficial effects of the same cytokine produced by other cell types. Such bispecific biological agents may become interesting tools for experimental studies and, eventually, drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Kruglov
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), Institut der Leibniz Gemeinschaft, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology and Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - S A Nedospasov
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), Institut der Leibniz Gemeinschaft, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology and Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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