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Garcia MAC, Carvalho TSD, Matsuda RH, Baffa O, Imbiriba LA, Souza VH. Forearm Posture Affects the Corticospinal Excitability of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Hand Muscles in Dominant and Nondominant Sides. J Appl Biomech 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38925535 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2022-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Different forearm postures can modulate corticospinal excitability. However, there is no consensus on whether handedness plays a role in such a mechanism. This study investigated the effects of 3 forearm postures (pronation, neutral, and supination) on the corticospinal excitability of muscles from the dominant and nondominant upper limbs. Surface electromyography was recorded from the abductor digiti minimi, flexor pollicis brevis, and flexor carpi radialis from both sides of 12 right-handed volunteers. Transcranial magnetic stimulation pulses were applied to each muscle's hotspot in both cerebral hemispheres. Motor-evoked potential peak-to-peak amplitude and latency and resting motor threshold were measured. The data were evaluated by analysis of variance. The level of significance was set at 5%. The resting motor threshold was similar for the 3 muscles and both sides. Motor-evoked potential peak-to-peak amplitude from flexor pollicis brevis was lower during supination, and the dominant upper limb latency was longer. The flexor carpi radialis presented lower motor-evoked potential peak-to-peak amplitudes for neutral and shorter latencies during supination. Abductor digiti minimi seemed not to be affected by posture or side. Different muscles from dominant and nondominant sides may undergo corticospinal modulation, even distally localized from a particular joint and under rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Cavalcanti Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação e Desempenho Físico-Funcional, Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudos em Neuro Biomecânica, Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Biofísica e Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago Santos de Carvalho
- Departamento de Biociências e Atividades Físicas, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renan Hiroshi Matsuda
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Baffa
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Aureliano Imbiriba
- Departamento de Biociências e Atividades Físicas, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação e Desempenho Físico-Funcional, Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudos em Neuro Biomecânica, Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, School of Science, Espoo, Finland
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2
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Knezic A, Budusan E, Saez NJ, Broughton BRS, Rash LD, King GF, Widdop RE, McCarthy CA. Hi1a Improves Sensorimotor Deficit following Endothelin-1-Induced Stroke in Rats but Does Not Improve Functional Outcomes following Filament-Induced Stroke in Mice. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1043-1054. [PMID: 38638162 PMCID: PMC11022283 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Activation of acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) plays a major role in mediating acidosis-induced neuronal injury following a stroke. Therefore, the inhibition of ASIC1a is a potential therapeutic avenue for the treatment of stroke. Venom-peptide Hi1a, a selective and highly potent ASIC1a inhibitor, reduces the infarct size and functional deficits when injected into the brain after stroke in rodents. However, its efficacy when administered using a clinically relevant route of administration remains to be established. Therefore, the current investigation aims to examine the efficacy of systemically administered Hi1a, using two different models of stroke in different species. Mice were subjected to the filament model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and treated with Hi1a systemically using either a single- or multiple-dosing regimen. 24 h poststroke, mice underwent functional testing, and the brain infarct size was assessed. Rats were subjected to endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced MCAO and treated with Hi1a intravenously 2 h poststroke. Rats underwent functional tests prior to and for 3 days poststroke, when infarct volume was assessed. Mice receiving Hi1a did not show any improvements in functional outcomes, despite a trend toward reduced infarct size. This trend for reduced infarct size in mice was consistent regardless of the dosing regimen. There was also a trend toward lower infarct size in rats treated with Hi1a. More specifically, Hi1a reduced the amount of damage occurring within the somatosensory cortex, which was associated with an improved sensorimotor function in Hi1a-treated rats. Thus, this study suggests that Hi1a or more brain-permeable ASIC1a inhibitors are a potential stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Knezic
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine
Discovery Institute (BDI), Department of Pharmacology, Monash
University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Elena Budusan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine,
The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072,
Australia
| | - Natalie J. Saez
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The
University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072,
Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for
Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of
Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Brad R. S. Broughton
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine
Discovery Institute (BDI), Department of Pharmacology, Monash
University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Lachlan D. Rash
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine,
The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072,
Australia
| | - Glenn F. King
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The
University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072,
Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for
Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of
Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert E. Widdop
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine
Discovery Institute (BDI), Department of Pharmacology, Monash
University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Claudia A. McCarthy
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine
Discovery Institute (BDI), Department of Pharmacology, Monash
University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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3
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Chang YJ, Chen YI, Yeh HC, Santacruz SR. Neurobiologically realistic neural network enables cross-scale modeling of neural dynamics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5145. [PMID: 38429297 PMCID: PMC10907713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54593-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Fundamental principles underlying computation in multi-scale brain networks illustrate how multiple brain areas and their coordinated activity give rise to complex cognitive functions. Whereas brain activity has been studied at the micro- to meso-scale to reveal the connections between the dynamical patterns and the behaviors, investigations of neural population dynamics are mainly limited to single-scale analysis. Our goal is to develop a cross-scale dynamical model for the collective activity of neuronal populations. Here we introduce a bio-inspired deep learning approach, termed NeuroBondGraph Network (NBGNet), to capture cross-scale dynamics that can infer and map the neural data from multiple scales. Our model not only exhibits more than an 11-fold improvement in reconstruction accuracy, but also predicts synchronous neural activity and preserves correlated low-dimensional latent dynamics. We also show that the NBGNet robustly predicts held-out data across a long time scale (2 weeks) without retraining. We further validate the effective connectivity defined from our model by demonstrating that neural connectivity during motor behaviour agrees with the established neuroanatomical hierarchy of motor control in the literature. The NBGNet approach opens the door to revealing a comprehensive understanding of brain computation, where network mechanisms of multi-scale activity are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Jui Chang
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yuan-I Chen
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Samantha R Santacruz
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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Haas A, Chung J, Kent C, Mills B, McCoy M. Vertebral Subluxation and Systems Biology: An Integrative Review Exploring the Salutogenic Influence of Chiropractic Care on the Neuroendocrine-Immune System. Cureus 2024; 16:e56223. [PMID: 38618450 PMCID: PMC11016242 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper we synthesize an expansive body of literature examining the multifaceted influence of chiropractic care on processes within and modulators of the neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) system, for the purpose of generating an inductive hypothesis regarding the potential impacts of chiropractic care on integrated physiology. Taking a broad, interdisciplinary, and integrative view of two decades of research-documented outcomes of chiropractic care, inclusive of reports ranging from systematic and meta-analysis and randomized and observational trials to case and cohort studies, this review encapsulates a rigorous analysis of research and suggests the appropriateness of a more integrative perspective on the impact of chiropractic care on systemic physiology. A novel perspective on the salutogenic, health-promoting effects of chiropractic adjustment is presented, focused on the improvement of physical indicators of well-being and adaptability such as blood pressure, heart rate variability, and sleep, potential benefits that may be facilitated through multiple neurologically mediated pathways. Our findings support the biological plausibility of complex benefits from chiropractic intervention that is not limited to simple neuromusculoskeletal outcomes and open new avenues for future research, specifically the exploration and mapping of the precise neural pathways and networks influenced by chiropractic adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Haas
- Research, Foundation for Vertebral Subluxation, Kennesaw, USA
| | - Jonathan Chung
- Research, Foundation for Vertebral Subluxation, Kennesaw, USA
| | - Christopher Kent
- Research, Sherman College, Spartanburg, USA
- Research, Foundation for Vertebral Subluxation, Kennesaw, USA
| | - Brooke Mills
- Research, Foundation for Vertebral Subluxation, Kennesaw, USA
| | - Matthew McCoy
- Research, Foundation for Vertebral Subluxation, Kennesaw, USA
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Ross CF, Laurence-Chasen JD, Li P, Orsbon C, Hatsopoulos NG. Biomechanical and Cortical Control of Tongue Movements During Chewing and Swallowing. Dysphagia 2024; 39:1-32. [PMID: 37326668 PMCID: PMC10781858 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-023-10596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tongue function is vital for chewing and swallowing and lingual dysfunction is often associated with dysphagia. Better treatment of dysphagia depends on a better understanding of hyolingual morphology, biomechanics, and neural control in humans and animal models. Recent research has revealed significant variation among animal models in morphology of the hyoid chain and suprahyoid muscles which may be associated with variation in swallowing mechanisms. The recent deployment of XROMM (X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology) to quantify 3D hyolingual kinematics has revealed new details on flexion and roll of the tongue during chewing in animal models, movements similar to those used by humans. XROMM-based studies of swallowing in macaques have falsified traditional hypotheses of mechanisms of tongue base retraction during swallowing, and literature review suggests that other animal models may employ a diversity of mechanisms of tongue base retraction. There is variation among animal models in distribution of hyolingual proprioceptors but how that might be related to lingual mechanics is unknown. In macaque monkeys, tongue kinematics-shape and movement-are strongly encoded in neural activity in orofacial primary motor cortex, giving optimism for development of brain-machine interfaces for assisting recovery of lingual function after stroke. However, more research on hyolingual biomechanics and control is needed for technologies interfacing the nervous system with the hyolingual apparatus to become a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum F Ross
- Department of Organismal Biology & Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 East 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - J D Laurence-Chasen
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Peishu Li
- Department of Organismal Biology & Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 East 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Courtney Orsbon
- Department of Radiology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, USA
| | - Nicholas G Hatsopoulos
- Department of Organismal Biology & Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 East 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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6
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Lorenz EA, Su X, Skjæret-Maroni N. A review of combined functional neuroimaging and motion capture for motor rehabilitation. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2024; 21:3. [PMID: 38172799 PMCID: PMC10765727 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technological advancements in functional neuroimaging and motion capture have led to the development of novel methods that facilitate the diagnosis and rehabilitation of motor deficits. These advancements allow for the synchronous acquisition and analysis of complex signal streams of neurophysiological data (e.g., EEG, fNIRS) and behavioral data (e.g., motion capture). The fusion of those data streams has the potential to provide new insights into cortical mechanisms during movement, guide the development of rehabilitation practices, and become a tool for assessment and therapy in neurorehabilitation. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE This paper aims to review the existing literature on the combined use of motion capture and functional neuroimaging in motor rehabilitation. The objective is to understand the diversity and maturity of technological solutions employed and explore the clinical advantages of this multimodal approach. METHODS This paper reviews literature related to the combined use of functional neuroimaging and motion capture for motor rehabilitation following the PRISMA guidelines. Besides study and participant characteristics, technological aspects of the used systems, signal processing methods, and the nature of multimodal feature synchronization and fusion were extracted. RESULTS Out of 908 publications, 19 were included in the final review. Basic or translation studies were mainly represented and based predominantly on healthy participants or stroke patients. EEG and mechanical motion capture technologies were most used for biomechanical data acquisition, and their subsequent processing is based mainly on traditional methods. The system synchronization techniques at large were underreported. The fusion of multimodal features mainly supported the identification of movement-related cortical activity, and statistical methods were occasionally employed to examine cortico-kinematic relationships. CONCLUSION The fusion of motion capture and functional neuroimaging might offer advantages for motor rehabilitation in the future. Besides facilitating the assessment of cognitive processes in real-world settings, it could also improve rehabilitative devices' usability in clinical environments. Further, by better understanding cortico-peripheral coupling, new neuro-rehabilitation methods can be developed, such as personalized proprioceptive training. However, further research is needed to advance our knowledge of cortical-peripheral coupling, evaluate the validity and reliability of multimodal parameters, and enhance user-friendly technologies for clinical adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel A Lorenz
- Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Xiaomeng Su
- Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nina Skjæret-Maroni
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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7
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Lu X, Wang Y, Liu Z, Gou Y, Jaeger D, St-Pierre F. Widefield imaging of rapid pan-cortical voltage dynamics with an indicator evolved for one-photon microscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6423. [PMID: 37828037 PMCID: PMC10570354 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Widefield imaging with genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) is a promising approach for understanding the role of large cortical networks in the neural coding of behavior. However, the limited performance of current GEVIs restricts their deployment for single-trial imaging of rapid neuronal voltage dynamics. Here, we developed a high-throughput platform to screen for GEVIs that combine fast kinetics with high brightness, sensitivity, and photostability under widefield one-photon illumination. Rounds of directed evolution produced JEDI-1P, a green-emitting fluorescent indicator with enhanced performance across all metrics. Next, we optimized a neonatal intracerebroventricular delivery method to achieve cost-effective and wide-spread JEDI-1P expression in mice. We also developed an approach to correct optical measurements from hemodynamic and motion artifacts effectively. Finally, we achieved stable brain-wide voltage imaging and successfully tracked gamma-frequency whisker and visual stimulations in awake mice in single trials, opening the door to investigating the role of high-frequency signals in brain computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Lu
- Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yunmiao Wang
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zhuohe Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yueyang Gou
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dieter Jaeger
- Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - François St-Pierre
- Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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8
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Seo HG, Yun SJ, Farrens A, Johnson C, Reinkensmeyer DJ. A Systematic Review of the Learning Dynamics of Proprioception Training: Specificity, Acquisition, Retention, and Transfer. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2023; 37:744-757. [PMID: 37864458 PMCID: PMC10847967 DOI: 10.1177/15459683231207354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify key aspects of the learning dynamics of proprioception training including: 1) specificity to the training type, 2) acquisition of proprioceptive skills, 3) retention of learning effects, and 4) transfer to different proprioceptive skills. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search using the database (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and PEDro). The inclusion criteria required adult participants who underwent any training program that could enhance proprioceptive function, and at least 1 quantitative assessment of proprioception before and after the intervention. We analyzed within-group changes to quantify the effectiveness of an intervention. RESULTS In total, 106 studies with 343 participant-outcome groups were included. Proprioception-specific training resulted in large effect sizes with a mean improvement of 23.4 to 42.6%, nonspecific training resulted in medium effect sizes with 12.3 to 22% improvement, and no training resulted in small effect sizes with 5.0 to 8.9% improvement. Single-session training exhibited significant proprioceptive improvement immediately (10 studies). For training interventions with a midway evaluation (4 studies), trained groups improved by approximately 70% of their final value at the midway point. Proprioceptive improvements were largely maintained at a delayed follow-up of at least 1 week (12 studies). Finally, improvements in 1 assessment were significantly correlated with improvements in another assessment (10 studies). CONCLUSIONS Proprioceptive learning appears to exhibit several features similar to motor learning, including specificity to the training type, 2 time constant learning curves, good retention, and improvements that are correlated between different assessments, suggesting a possible, common mechanism for the transfer of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gil Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Irvine, California, USA
| | - Seo Jung Yun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Human System Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Andria Farrens
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Irvine, California, USA
| | - Christopher Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Irvine, California, USA
| | - David J. Reinkensmeyer
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California at Irvine, California, USA
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Arce-McShane FI, Sessle BJ, Ram Y, Ross CF, Hatsopoulos NG. Multiple regions of sensorimotor cortex encode bite force and gape. Front Syst Neurosci 2023; 17:1213279. [PMID: 37808467 PMCID: PMC10556252 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2023.1213279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise control of bite force and gape is vital for safe and effective breakdown and manipulation of food inside the oral cavity during feeding. Yet, the role of the orofacial sensorimotor cortex (OSMcx) in the control of bite force and gape is still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate how individual neurons and populations of neurons in multiple regions of OSMcx differentially encode bite force and static gape when subjects (Macaca mulatta) generated different levels of bite force at varying gapes. We examined neuronal activity recorded simultaneously from three microelectrode arrays implanted chronically in the primary motor (MIo), primary somatosensory (SIo), and cortical masticatory (CMA) areas of OSMcx. We used generalized linear models to evaluate encoding properties of individual neurons and utilized dimensionality reduction techniques to decompose population activity into components related to specific task parameters. Individual neurons encoded bite force more strongly than gape in all three OSMCx areas although bite force was a better predictor of spiking activity in MIo vs. SIo. Population activity differentiated between levels of bite force and gape while preserving task-independent temporal modulation across the behavioral trial. While activation patterns of neuronal populations were comparable across OSMCx areas, the total variance explained by task parameters was context-dependent and differed across areas. These findings suggest that the cortical control of static gape during biting may rely on computations at the population level whereas the strong encoding of bite force at the individual neuron level allows for the precise and rapid control of bite force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritzie I. Arce-McShane
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Barry J. Sessle
- Faculty of Dentistry and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yasheshvini Ram
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Callum F. Ross
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Pancholi R, Sun-Yan A, Laughton M, Peron S. Sparse and distributed cortical populations mediate sensorimotor integration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.21.558857. [PMID: 37790362 PMCID: PMC10542548 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.21.558857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Touch information is central to sensorimotor integration, yet little is known about how cortical touch and movement representations interact. Touch- and movement-related activity is present in both somatosensory and motor cortices, making both candidate sites for touch-motor interactions. We studied touch-motor interactions in layer 2/3 of the primary vibrissal somatosensory and motor cortices of behaving mice. Volumetric two-photon calcium imaging revealed robust responses to whisker touch, whisking, and licking in both areas. Touch activity was dominated by a sparse population of broadly tuned neurons responsive to multiple whiskers that exhibited longitudinal stability and disproportionately influenced interareal communication. Movement representations were similarly dominated by sparse, stable, reciprocally projecting populations. In both areas, many broadly tuned touch cells also produced robust licking or whisking responses. These touch-licking and touch-whisking neurons showed distinct dynamics suggestive of specific roles in shaping movement. Cortical touch-motor interactions are thus mediated by specialized populations of highly responsive, broadly tuned neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Pancholi
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Pl., Rm. 621, New York, NY 10003
| | - Andrew Sun-Yan
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Pl., Rm. 621, New York, NY 10003
| | - Maya Laughton
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Pl., Rm. 621, New York, NY 10003
| | - Simon Peron
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Pl., Rm. 621, New York, NY 10003
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11
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Papaleo ED, D'Alonzo M, Fiori F, Piombino V, Falato E, Pilato F, De Liso A, Di Lazzaro V, Di Pino G. Integration of proprioception in upper limb prostheses through non-invasive strategies: a review. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2023; 20:118. [PMID: 37689701 PMCID: PMC10493033 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Proprioception plays a key role in moving our body dexterously and effortlessly. Nevertheless, the majority of investigations evaluating the benefits of providing supplemental feedback to prosthetics users focus on delivering touch restitution. These studies evaluate the influence of touch sensation in an attempt to improve the controllability of current robotic devices. Contrarily, investigations evaluating the capabilities of proprioceptive supplemental feedback have yet to be comprehensively analyzed to the same extent, marking a major gap in knowledge within the current research climate. The non-invasive strategies employed so far to restitute proprioception are reviewed in this work. In the absence of a clearly superior strategy, approaches employing vibrotactile, electrotactile and skin-stretch stimulation achieved better and more consistent results, considering both kinesthetic and grip force information, compared with other strategies or any incidental feedback. Although emulating the richness of the physiological sensory return through artificial feedback is the primary hurdle, measuring its effects to eventually support the integration of cumbersome and energy intensive hardware into commercial prosthetic devices could represent an even greater challenge. Thus, we analyze the strengths and limitations of previous studies and discuss the possible benefits of coupling objective measures, like neurophysiological parameters, as well as measures of prosthesis embodiment and cognitive load with behavioral measures of performance. Such insights aim to provide additional and collateral outcomes to be considered in the experimental design of future investigations of proprioception restitution that could, in the end, allow researchers to gain a more detailed understanding of possibly similar behavioral results and, thus, support one strategy over another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermanno Donato Papaleo
- Research Unit of Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction (NeXTlab), Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Álvaro Del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco D'Alonzo
- Research Unit of Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction (NeXTlab), Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Álvaro Del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Fiori
- Research Unit of Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction (NeXTlab), Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Álvaro Del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Piombino
- Research Unit of Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction (NeXTlab), Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Álvaro Del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Emma Falato
- Research Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Pilato
- Research Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo De Liso
- Research Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Research Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Pino
- Research Unit of Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction (NeXTlab), Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Álvaro Del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy.
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12
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Cheng I, Sasegbon A, Hamdy S. Evaluating the Therapeutic Application of Neuromodulation in the Human Swallowing System. Dysphagia 2023; 38:1005-1024. [PMID: 36239821 PMCID: PMC10326109 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-022-10528-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, the focus of neurogenic dysphagia management has moved from passive compensatory strategies to evidence-based rehabilitative approaches. Advances in technology have enabled the development of novel treatment approaches such as neuromodulation techniques, which target the promotion of neurological reorganization for functional recovery of swallowing. Given the rapid pace of development in the field, this review aims to summarize the current findings on the effects of neuromodulation techniques on the human swallowing system and evaluate their therapeutic potential for neurogenic dysphagia. Implications for future clinical research and practical considerations for using neuromodulation in clinical practice will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Cheng
- Centre for Gastrointestinal Sciences, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ayodele Sasegbon
- Centre for Gastrointestinal Sciences, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Shaheen Hamdy
- Centre for Gastrointestinal Sciences, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Centre for Gastrointestinal Sciences, University of Manchester, Clinical Sciences Building, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Eccles Old Road, Salford, M6 8HD, UK.
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13
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Laurence-Chasen JD, Ross CF, Arce-McShane FI, Hatsopoulos NG. Robust cortical encoding of 3D tongue shape during feeding in macaques. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2991. [PMID: 37225708 PMCID: PMC10209084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dexterous tongue deformation underlies eating, drinking, and speaking. The orofacial sensorimotor cortex has been implicated in the control of coordinated tongue kinematics, but little is known about how the brain encodes-and ultimately drives-the tongue's 3D, soft-body deformation. Here we combine a biplanar x-ray video technology, multi-electrode cortical recordings, and machine-learning-based decoding to explore the cortical representation of lingual deformation. We trained long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks to decode various aspects of intraoral tongue deformation from cortical activity during feeding in male Rhesus monkeys. We show that both lingual movements and complex lingual shapes across a range of feeding behaviors could be decoded with high accuracy, and that the distribution of deformation-related information across cortical regions was consistent with previous studies of the arm and hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Laurence-Chasen
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Callum F Ross
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Fritzie I Arce-McShane
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box #357475, Seattle, WA, 98195-7475, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195-7475, USA
| | - Nicholas G Hatsopoulos
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Program in Computational Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, 5812 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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14
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Charyasz E, Heule R, Molla F, Erb M, Kumar VJ, Grodd W, Scheffler K, Bause J. Functional mapping of sensorimotor activation in the human thalamus at 9.4 Tesla. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1116002. [PMID: 37008235 PMCID: PMC10050447 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1116002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the thalamus is perceived as a passive relay station for almost all sensory signals, the function of individual thalamic nuclei remains unresolved. In the present study, we aimed to identify the sensorimotor nuclei of the thalamus in humans using task-based fMRI at a field strength of 9.4T by assessing the individual subject-specific sensorimotor BOLD response during a combined active motor (finger-tapping) and passive sensory (tactile-finger) stimulation. We demonstrate that both tasks increase BOLD signal response in the lateral nuclei group (VPL, VA, VLa, and VLp), and in the pulvinar nuclei group (PuA, PuM, and PuL). Finger-tapping stimuli evokes a stronger BOLD response compared to the tactile stimuli, and additionally engages the intralaminar nuclei group (CM and Pf). In addition, our results demonstrate reproducible thalamic nuclei activation during motor and tactile stimuli. This work provides important insight into understanding the function of individual thalamic nuclei in processing various input signals and corroborates the benefits of using ultra-high-field MR scanners for functional imaging of fine-scale deeply located brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Charyasz
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department for High Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Edyta Charyasz,
| | - Rahel Heule
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department for High Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for MR Research, University Children’s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesko Molla
- Department for High Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Erb
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department for High Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vinod Jangir Kumar
- Department for High Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Grodd
- Department for High Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department for High Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Bause
- Department for High Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
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15
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Mayerl CJ, Gould FDH, Adjerid K, Edmonds C, German RZ. The Pathway from Anatomy and Physiology to Diagnosis: A Developmental Perspective on Swallowing and Dysphagia. Dysphagia 2023; 38:33-41. [PMID: 35441265 PMCID: PMC9579268 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-022-10449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Dysphagia results from diverse and distinct etiologies. The pathway from anatomy and physiology to clinical diagnosis is complex and hierarchical. Our approach in this paper is to show the linkages from the underlying anatomy and physiology to the clinical presentation. In particular, the terms performance, function, behavior, and physiology are often used interchangeably, which we argue is an obstacle to clear discussion of mechanism of pathophysiology. We use examples from pediatric populations to highlight the importance of understanding anatomy and physiology to inform clinical practice. We first discuss the importance of understanding anatomy in the context of physiology and performance. We then use preterm infants and swallow-breathe coordination as examples to explicate the hierarchical nature of physiology and its impact on performance. We also highlight where the holes in our knowledge lie, with the ultimate endpoint of providing a framework that could enhance our ability to design interventions to help patients. Clarifying these terms, and the roles they play in the biology of dysphagia will help both the researchers studying the problems as well as the clinicians applying the results of those studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Mayerl
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - F D H Gould
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - K Adjerid
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - C Edmonds
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - R Z German
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA.
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16
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Coupled Dynamics of Stimulus-Evoked Gustatory Cortical and Basolateral Amygdalar Activity. J Neurosci 2023; 43:386-404. [PMID: 36443002 PMCID: PMC9864615 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1412-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gustatory cortical (GC) single-neuron taste responses reflect taste quality and palatability in successive epochs. Ensemble analyses reveal epoch-to-epoch firing-rate changes in these responses to be sudden, coherent transitions. Such nonlinear dynamics suggest that GC is part of a recurrent network, producing these dynamics in concert with other structures. Basolateral amygdala (BLA), which is reciprocally connected to GC and central to hedonic processing, is a strong candidate partner for GC, in that BLA taste responses evolve on the same general clock as GC and because inhibition of activity in the BLA→GC pathway degrades the sharpness of GC transitions. These facts motivate, but do not test, our overarching hypothesis that BLA and GC act as a single, comodulated network during taste processing. Here, we provide just this test of simultaneous (BLA and GC) extracellular taste responses in female rats, probing the multiregional dynamics of activity to directly test whether BLA and GC responses contain coupled dynamics. We show that BLA and GC response magnitudes covary across trials and within single responses, and that changes in BLA-GC local field potential phase coherence are epoch specific. Such classic coherence analyses, however, obscure the most salient facet of BLA-GC coupling: sudden transitions in and out of the epoch known to be involved in driving gaping behavior happen near simultaneously in the two regions, despite huge trial-to-trial variability in transition latencies. This novel form of inter-regional coupling, which we show is easily replicated in model networks, suggests collective processing in a distributed neural network.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT There has been little investigation into real-time communication between brain regions during taste processing, a fact reflecting the dominant belief that taste circuitry is largely feedforward. Here, we perform an in-depth analysis of real-time interactions between GC and BLA in response to passive taste deliveries, using both conventional coherence metrics and a novel methodology that explicitly considers trial-to-trial variability and fast single-trial dynamics in evoked responses. Our results demonstrate that BLA-GC coherence changes as the taste response unfolds, and that BLA and GC specifically couple for the sudden transition into (and out of) the behaviorally relevant neural response epoch, suggesting (although not proving) that: (1) recurrent interactions subserve the function of the dyad as (2) a putative attractor network.
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17
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Beta rhythmicity in human motor cortex reflects neural population coupling that modulates subsequent finger coordination stability. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1375. [PMID: 36522455 PMCID: PMC9755311 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human behavior is not performed completely as desired, but is influenced by the inherent rhythmicity of the brain. Here we show that anti-phase bimanual coordination stability is regulated by the dynamics of pre-movement neural oscillations in bi-hemispheric primary motor cortices (M1) and supplementary motor area (SMA). In experiment 1, pre-movement bi-hemispheric M1 phase synchrony in beta-band (M1-M1 phase synchrony) was online estimated from 129-channel scalp electroencephalograms. Anti-phase bimanual tapping preceded by lower M1-M1 phase synchrony exhibited significantly longer duration than tapping preceded by higher M1-M1 phase synchrony. Further, the inter-individual variability of duration was explained by the interaction of pre-movement activities within the motor network; lower M1-M1 phase synchrony and spectral power at SMA were associated with longer duration. The necessity of cortical interaction for anti-phase maintenance was revealed by sham-controlled repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over SMA in another experiment. Our results demonstrate that pre-movement cortical oscillatory coupling within the motor network unknowingly influences bimanual coordination performance in humans after consolidation, suggesting the feasibility of augmenting human motor ability by covertly monitoring preparatory neural dynamics.
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18
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Zhang X, Xie H, Wang X, Li Z, Song R, Shan Y, Li C, Chen J, Hong J, Li X, Wan G, Zhang Y, An D, Dou Z, Wen H. Modulating swallowing-related functional connectivity and behavior via modified pharyngeal electrical stimulation: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy evidence. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1006013. [PMID: 36299270 PMCID: PMC9589107 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1006013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Modified pharyngeal electrical stimulation (mPES) is a novel therapeutic modality for patients with neurogenic dysphagia. However, the underlying neural mechanism remains poorly understood. This study aimed to use functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to explore the influence of mPES on swallowing-related frequency-specific neural networks and ethology. Methods Twenty-two healthy right-handed volunteers participated in the study. Each participant was randomly assigned to either the sham or the mPES group and provided a 10-min intervention program every day for 5 days. Oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentration changes verified by fNIRS were recorded on days 1, 3, and 5. Five characteristic frequency signals (0.0095-2 Hz) were identified using the wavelet transform method. To calculate frequency-specific functional connectivity, wavelet phase coherence (WPCO) was adopted. Furthermore, behavioral performance was assessed pre- and post-mPES using a 150 ml-water swallowing stress test. Results Compared with sham stimulation on day 1, the significantly decreased WPCO values were mainly associated with the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe, Broca's area, and middle temporal lobe. Compared with the sham mPES on day 1, the mPES showed a noticeable effect on the total swallow duration. Compared with the baseline, the WPCO values on days 3 and 5 showed a stepwise decrease in connectivity with the application of mPES. Furthermore, the decreased WPCO was associated with a shortened time per swallow after mPES. Conclusions The mPES could modulate swallowing-related frequency-specific neural networks and evoke swallowing cortical processing more efficiently. This was associated with improved performance in a water swallowing stress test in healthy participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengyong Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Song
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilong Shan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiemei Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiena Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guifang Wan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaowen Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Delian An
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zulin Dou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Zulin Dou
| | - Hongmei Wen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Hongmei Wen
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19
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Shen Y, Zhang C, Cui S, Wang R, Cai H, Zhao W, Zhu J, Yu Y. Transcriptional substrates underlying functional connectivity profiles of subregions within the human sensorimotor cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:5562-5578. [PMID: 35899321 PMCID: PMC9704778 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The human sensorimotor cortex has multiple subregions showing functional commonalities and differences, likely attributable to their connectivity profiles. However, the molecular substrates underlying such connectivity profiles are unclear. Here, transcriptome-neuroimaging spatial correlation analyses were performed between transcriptomic data from the Allen human brain atlas and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of 24 fine-grained sensorimotor subregions from 793 healthy subjects. Results showed that rsFC of six sensorimotor subregions were associated with expression measures of six gene sets that were specifically expressed in brain tissue. These sensorimotor subregions could be classified into the polygenic- and oligogenic-modulated subregions, whose rsFC were related to gene sets diverging on their numbers (hundreds vs. dozens) and functional characteristics. First, the former were specifically expressed in multiple types of neurons and immune cells, yet the latter were not specifically expressed in any cortical cell types. Second, the former were preferentially expressed during the middle and late stages of cortical development, while the latter showed no preferential expression during any stages. Third, the former were prone to be enriched for general biological functions and pathways, but the latter for specialized biological functions and pathways. Fourth, the former were enriched for neuropsychiatric disorders, whereas this enrichment was absent for the latter. Finally, although the identified genes were commonly associated with sensorimotor behavioral processes, the polygenic-modulated subregions associated genes were additionally related to vision and dementia. These findings may advance our understanding of the functional homogeneity and heterogeneity of the human sensorimotor cortex from the perspective of underlying genetic architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Shen
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical ImagingHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Cun Zhang
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical ImagingHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Shunshun Cui
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical ImagingHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical ImagingHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Huanhuan Cai
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical ImagingHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Wenming Zhao
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical ImagingHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical ImagingHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical ImagingHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
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20
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Bono D, Belyk M, Longo MR, Dick F. Beyond language: The unspoken sensory-motor representation of the tongue in non-primates, non-human and human primates. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 139:104730. [PMID: 35691470 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The English idiom "on the tip of my tongue" commonly acknowledges that something is known, but it cannot be immediately brought to mind. This phrase accurately describes sensorimotor functions of the tongue, which are fundamental for many tongue-related behaviors (e.g., speech), but often neglected by scientific research. Here, we review a wide range of studies conducted on non-primates, non-human and human primates with the aim of providing a comprehensive description of the cortical representation of the tongue's somatosensory inputs and motor outputs across different phylogenetic domains. First, we summarize how the properties of passive non-noxious mechanical stimuli are encoded in the putative somatosensory tongue area, which has a conserved location in the ventral portion of the somatosensory cortex across mammals. Second, we review how complex self-generated actions involving the tongue are represented in more anterior regions of the putative somato-motor tongue area. Finally, we describe multisensory response properties of the primate and non-primate tongue area by also defining how the cytoarchitecture of this area is affected by experience and deafferentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bono
- Birkbeck/UCL Centre for Neuroimaging, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H0AP, UK; Department of Experimental Psychology, UCL Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H0AP, UK.
| | - Michel Belyk
- Department of Speech, Hearing, and Phonetic Sciences, UCL Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, 2 Wakefield Street, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Matthew R Longo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet St, London WC1E7HX, UK
| | - Frederic Dick
- Birkbeck/UCL Centre for Neuroimaging, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H0AP, UK; Department of Experimental Psychology, UCL Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H0AP, UK; Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet St, London WC1E7HX, UK.
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21
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Laurence-Chasen JD, Arce-McShane FI, Hatsopoulos NG, Ross CF. Loss of oral sensation impairs feeding performance and consistency of tongue-jaw coordination. J Oral Rehabil 2022; 49:806-816. [PMID: 35514258 PMCID: PMC9540871 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Individuals with impaired oral sensation report difficulty chewing, but little is known about the underlying changes to tongue and jaw kinematics. Methodological challenges impede the measurement of 3D tongue movement and its relationship to the gape cycle. Objective The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of loss of oral somatosensation on feeding performance, 3D tongue kinematics and tongue‐jaw coordination. Methodology XROMM (X‐ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology) was used to quantify 3D tongue and jaw kinematics during feeding in three rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) before and after an oral tactile nerve block. Feeding performance was measured using feeding sequence duration, number of manipulation cycles and swallow frequency. Coordination was measured using event‐ and correlation‐based metrics of jaw pitch, anterior tongue length, width and roll. Results In the absence of tactile sensation to the tongue and other oral structures, feeding performance decreased, and the fast open phase of the gape cycle became significantly longer, relative to the other phases (p < .05). The tongue made similar shapes in both the control and nerve block conditions, but the pattern of tongue‐jaw coordination became significantly more variable after the block (p < .05). Conclusion Disruption of oral somatosensation impacts feeding performance by introducing variability into the typically tight pattern of tongue‐jaw coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Laurence-Chasen
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Nicholas G Hatsopoulos
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Callum F Ross
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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22
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Cu H, Lynch L, Huang K, Truccolo W, Nurmikko A. Grasp-squeeze adaptation to changes in object compliance leads to dynamic beta-band communication between primary somatosensory and motor cortices. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6776. [PMID: 35474117 PMCID: PMC9042850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10871-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In asking the question of how the brain adapts to changes in the softness of manipulated objects, we studied dynamic communication between the primary sensory and motor cortical areas when nonhuman primates grasp and squeeze an elastically deformable manipulandum to attain an instructed force level. We focused on local field potentials recorded from S1 and M1 via intracortical microelectrode arrays. We computed nonparametric spectral Granger Causality to assess directed cortico-cortical interactions between these two areas. We demonstrate that the time-causal relationship between M1 and S1 is bidirectional in the beta-band (15-30 Hz) and that this interareal communication develops dynamically as the subjects adjust the force of hand squeeze to reach the target level. In particular, the directed interaction is strongest when subjects are focused on maintaining the instructed force of hand squeeze in a steady state for several seconds. When the manipulandum's compliance is abruptly changed, beta-band interareal communication is interrupted for a short period (~ 1 s) and then is re-established once the subject has reached a new steady state. These results suggest that transient beta oscillations can provide a communication subspace for dynamic cortico-cortical S1-M1 interactions during maintenance of steady sensorimotor states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Cu
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Laurie Lynch
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kevin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wilson Truccolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Arto Nurmikko
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. .,Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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23
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Moon J, Pathak P, Kim S, Roh SG, Roh C, Shim Y, Ahn J. Supra-threshold vibration applied to the foot soles enhances jump height under maximum effort. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266597. [PMID: 35385540 PMCID: PMC8985973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that absence or reduction of cutaneous sensory feedback can diminish human motor performance under maximum effort. However, it has not been explored whether any appropriate intervention in the cutaneous sensory input can augment the output motor performance, particularly in motor tasks such as jumping that involve the kinematic chain of the entire body. Using shoes with active vibrating insoles, we applied mechanical vibration to the soles of 20 young and healthy adults and evaluated the change in the jump height and muscle activation using within-participants repeated measures. The noise-like vibration having an amplitude of 130% of the sensory threshold of each participant led to an average increase of 0.38 cm in the jump height (p = 0.008) and activation of the rectus femoris of the dominant leg (p = 0.011). These results indicate that application of a properly designed cutaneous stimulus to the soles, the distal end effectors of motor tasks, can augment the output performance by involving the prime movers distant from the end effector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongin Moon
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Prabhat Pathak
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sudeok Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-gon Roh
- Robot Center in Samsung Seoul R&D Campus, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jooeun Ahn
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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24
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Zhao M, Bonassi G, Samogin J, Taberna GA, Pelosin E, Nieuwboer A, Avanzino L, Mantini D. Frequency-dependent modulation of neural oscillations across the gait cycle. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:3404-3415. [PMID: 35384123 PMCID: PMC9248303 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Balance and walking are fundamental to support common daily activities. Relatively accurate characterizations of normal and impaired gait features were attained at the kinematic and muscular levels. Conversely, the neural processes underlying gait dynamics still need to be elucidated. To shed light on gait‐related modulations of neural activity, we collected high‐density electroencephalography (hdEEG) signals and ankle acceleration data in young healthy participants during treadmill walking. We used the ankle acceleration data to segment each gait cycle in four phases: initial double support, right leg swing, final double support, left leg swing. Then, we processed hdEEG signals to extract neural oscillations in alpha, beta, and gamma bands, and examined event‐related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) across gait phases. Our results showed that ERD/ERS modulations for alpha, beta, and gamma bands were strongest in the primary sensorimotor cortex (M1), but were also found in premotor cortex, thalamus and cerebellum. We observed a modulation of neural oscillations across gait phases in M1 and cerebellum, and an interaction between frequency band and gait phase in premotor cortex and thalamus. Furthermore, an ERD/ERS lateralization effect was present in M1 for the alpha and beta bands, and in the cerebellum for the beta and gamma bands. Overall, our findings demonstrate that an electrophysiological source imaging approach based on hdEEG can be used to investigate dynamic neural processes of gait control. Future work on the development of mobile hdEEG‐based brain–body imaging platforms may enable overground walking investigations, with potential applications in the study of gait disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Zhao
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gaia Bonassi
- S.C. Medicina Fisica e Riabilitazione Ospedaliera, Chiavari, Italy
| | - Jessica Samogin
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Elisa Pelosin
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alice Nieuwboer
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Avanzino
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dante Mantini
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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25
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Davis M, Wang Y, Bao S, Buchanan JJ, Wright DL, Lei Y. The Interactions Between Primary Somatosensory and Motor Cortex during Human Grasping Behaviors. Neuroscience 2021; 485:1-11. [PMID: 34848261 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Afferent inputs to the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) are differentially processed during precision and power grip in humans. However, it remains unclear how S1 interacts with the primary motor cortex (M1) during these two grasping behaviors. To address this question, we measured short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI), reflecting S1-M1 interactions via thalamo-cortical pathways, using paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during precision and power grip. The TMS coil over the hand representation of M1 was oriented in the posterior-anterior (PA) and anterior-posterior (AP) direction to activate distinct sets of corticospinal neurons. We found that SAI increased during precision compared with power grip when AP, but not PA, currents were applied. Notably, SAI tested in the AP direction were similar during two-digit than five-digit precision grip. The M1 receives movement information from S1 through direct cortico-cortical pathways, so intra-hemispheric S1-M1 interactions using dual-site TMS were also evaluated. Stimulation of S1 attenuated M1 excitability (S1-M1 inhibition) during precision and power grip, while the S1-M1 inhibition ratio remained similar across tasks. Taken together,our findings suggest that distinct neural mechanisms for S1-M1 interactions mediate precision and power grip, presumably by modulating neural activity along thalamo-cortical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Davis
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Yiyu Wang
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Shancheng Bao
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - John J Buchanan
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - David L Wright
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Yuming Lei
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
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26
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Convergence of forepaw somatosensory and motor cortical projections in the striatum, claustrum, thalamus, and pontine nuclei of cats. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:361-379. [PMID: 34665323 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The basal ganglia and pontocerebellar systems regulate somesthetic-guided motor behaviors and receive prominent inputs from sensorimotor cortex. In addition, the claustrum and thalamus are forebrain subcortical structures that have connections with somatosensory and motor cortices. Our previous studies in rats have shown that primary and secondary somatosensory cortex (S1 and S2) send overlapping projections to the neostriatum and pontine nuclei, whereas, overlap of primary motor cortex (M1) and S1 was much weaker. In addition, we have shown that M1, but not S1, projects to the claustrum in rats. The goal of the current study was to compare these rodent projection patterns with connections in cats, a mammalian species that evolved in a separate phylogenetic superorder. Three different anterograde tracers were injected into the physiologically identified forepaw representations of M1, S1, and S2 in cats. Labeled fibers terminated throughout the ipsilateral striatum (caudate and putamen), claustrum, thalamus, and pontine nuclei. Digital reconstructions of tracer labeling allowed us to quantify both the normalized distribution of labeling in each subcortical area from each tracer injection, as well as the amount of tracer overlap. Surprisingly, in contrast to our previous findings in rodents, we observed M1 and S1 projections converging prominently in striatum and pons, whereas, S1 and S2 overlap was much weaker. Furthermore, whereas, rat S1 does not project to claustrum, we confirmed dense claustral inputs from S1 in cats. These findings suggest that the basal ganglia, claustrum, and pontocerebellar systems in rat and cat have evolved distinct patterns of sensorimotor cortical convergence.
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27
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Tomita H, Kamagata K, Andica C, Uchida W, Fukuo M, Waki H, Sugano H, Tange Y, Mitsuhashi T, Lukies M, Hagiwara A, Fujita S, Wada A, Akashi T, Murata S, Harada M, Aoki S, Naito H. Connectome analysis of male world-class gymnasts using probabilistic multishell, multitissue constrained spherical deconvolution tracking. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2558-2572. [PMID: 34245603 PMCID: PMC9541483 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In athletes, long‐term intensive training has been shown to increase unparalleled athletic ability and might induce brain plasticity. We evaluated the structural connectome of world‐class gymnasts (WCGs), as mapped by diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging probabilistic tractography and a multishell, multitissue constrained spherical deconvolution method to increase the precision of tractography at the tissue interfaces. The connectome was mapped in 10 Japanese male WCGs and in 10 age‐matched male controls. Network‐based statistic identified subnetworks with increased connectivity density in WCGs, involving the sensorimotor, default mode, attentional, visual, and limbic areas. It also revealed a significant association between the structural connectivity of some brain structures with functions closely related to the gymnastic skills and the D‐score, which is used as an index of the gymnasts' specific physical abilities for each apparatus. Furthermore, graph theory analysis demonstrated the characteristics of brain anatomical topology in the WCGs. They displayed significantly increased global connectivity strength with decreased characteristic path length at the global level and higher nodal strength and degree in the sensorimotor, default mode, attention, and limbic/subcortical areas at the local level as compared with controls. Together, these findings extend the current understanding of neural mechanisms that distinguish WCGs from controls and suggest brain anatomical network plasticity in WCGs resulting from long‐term intensive training. Future studies should assess the contribution of genetic or early‐life environmental factors in the brain network organization of WCGs. Furthermore, the indices of brain topology (i.e., connection density and graph theory indices) could become markers for the objective evaluation of gymnastic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tomita
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koji Kamagata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christina Andica
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Uchida
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Fukuo
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Waki
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidenori Sugano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tange
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthew Lukies
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Akifumi Hagiwara
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Fujita
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Wada
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Akashi
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syo Murata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Harada
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Chiba, Japan
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28
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Studying the functional connectivity of the primary motor cortex with the binarized cross recurrence plot: The influence of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252565. [PMID: 34097691 PMCID: PMC8183987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new recurrence plot methods (the binary recurrence plot and binary cross recurrence plot) were introduced here to study the long-term dynamic of the primary motor cortex and its interaction with the primary somatosensory cortex, the anterior motor thalamus of the basal ganglia motor loop and the precuneous nucleus of the default mode network. These recurrence plot methods: 1. identify short-term transient interactions; 2. identify long-lasting delayed interactions that are common in complex systems; 3. work with non-stationary blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) data; 4. may study the relationship of centers with non-linear functional interactions; 5 may compare different experimental groups performing different tasks. These methods were applied to BOLD time-series obtained in 20 control subjects and 20 Parkinson´s patients during the execution of motor activity and body posture tasks (task-block design). The binary recurrence plot showed the task-block BOLD response normally observed in the primary motor cortex with functional magnetic resonance imaging methods, but also shorter and longer BOLD-fluctuations than the task-block and which provided information about the long-term dynamic of this center. The binary cross recurrence plot showed short-lasting and long-lasting functional interactions between the primary motor cortex and the primary somatosensory cortex, anterior motor thalamus and precuneous nucleus, interactions which changed with the resting and motor tasks. Most of the interactions found in healthy controls were disrupted in Parkinson's patients, and may be at the basis of some of the motor disorders and side-effects of dopaminergic drugs commonly observed in these patients.
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29
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Ghai S, Maso FD, Ogourtsova T, Porxas AX, Villeneuve M, Penhune V, Boudrias MH, Baillet S, Lamontagne A. Neurophysiological Changes Induced by Music-Supported Therapy for Recovering Upper Extremity Function after Stroke: A Case Series. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050666. [PMID: 34065395 PMCID: PMC8161385 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Music-supported therapy (MST) follows the best practice principles of stroke rehabilitation and has been proven to instigate meaningful enhancements in motor recovery post-stroke. The existing literature has established that the efficacy and specificity of MST relies on the reinforcement of auditory-motor functional connectivity in related brain networks. However, to date, no study has attempted to evaluate the underlying cortical network nodes that are key to the efficacy of MST post-stroke. In this case series, we evaluated changes in connectivity within the auditory-motor network and changes in upper extremity function following a 3-week intensive piano training in two stroke survivors presenting different levels of motor impairment. Connectivity was assessed pre- and post-training in the α- and the β-bands within the auditory-motor network using magnetoencephalography while participants were passively listening to a standardized melody. Changes in manual dexterity, grip strength, movement coordination, and use of the upper extremity were also documented in both stroke survivors. After training, an increase in the clinical measures was accompanied by enhancements in connectivity between the auditory and motor network nodes for both the α- and the β-bands, especially in the affected hemisphere. These neurophysiological changes associated with the positive effects of post-stroke MST on motor outcomes delineate a path for a larger scale clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Ghai
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y5, Canada; (T.O.); (M.-H.B.); (A.L.)
- Feil & Oberfeld Research Centre of the Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital–CISSS Laval, A Research Site of the Centre for Interdisciplinary Research of Greater Montreal (CRIR), Laval, QC H7V 1R2, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| | - Fabien Dal Maso
- Laboratory of Simulation and Movement Modelling, School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l’Apprentissage, Montréal, QC H7N 0A5, Canada
| | - Tatiana Ogourtsova
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y5, Canada; (T.O.); (M.-H.B.); (A.L.)
- Feil & Oberfeld Research Centre of the Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital–CISSS Laval, A Research Site of the Centre for Interdisciplinary Research of Greater Montreal (CRIR), Laval, QC H7V 1R2, Canada;
| | - Alba-Xifra Porxas
- Graduate Program in Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada;
| | - Myriam Villeneuve
- Feil & Oberfeld Research Centre of the Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital–CISSS Laval, A Research Site of the Centre for Interdisciplinary Research of Greater Montreal (CRIR), Laval, QC H7V 1R2, Canada;
| | - Virginia Penhune
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada;
- Laboratory for Brain Music and Sound (BRAMS), Centre for Research in Brain, Language and Music, Montreal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Boudrias
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y5, Canada; (T.O.); (M.-H.B.); (A.L.)
- Feil & Oberfeld Research Centre of the Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital–CISSS Laval, A Research Site of the Centre for Interdisciplinary Research of Greater Montreal (CRIR), Laval, QC H7V 1R2, Canada;
| | - Sylvain Baillet
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
| | - Anouk Lamontagne
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y5, Canada; (T.O.); (M.-H.B.); (A.L.)
- Feil & Oberfeld Research Centre of the Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital–CISSS Laval, A Research Site of the Centre for Interdisciplinary Research of Greater Montreal (CRIR), Laval, QC H7V 1R2, Canada;
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30
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Cerebellar Purkinje cells can differentially modulate coherence between sensory and motor cortex depending on region and behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2015292118. [PMID: 33443203 PMCID: PMC7812746 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015292118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity of sensory and motor cortices is essential for sensorimotor integration. In particular, coherence between these areas may indicate binding of critical functions like perception, motor planning, action, or sleep. Evidence is accumulating that cerebellar output modulates cortical activity and coherence, but how, when, and where it does so is unclear. We studied activity in and coherence between S1 and M1 cortices during whisker stimulation in the absence and presence of optogenetic Purkinje cell stimulation in crus 1 and 2 of awake mice, eliciting strong simple spike rate modulation. Without Purkinje cell stimulation, whisker stimulation triggers fast responses in S1 and M1 involving transient coherence in a broad spectrum. Simultaneous stimulation of Purkinje cells and whiskers affects amplitude and kinetics of sensory responses in S1 and M1 and alters the estimated S1-M1 coherence in theta and gamma bands, allowing bidirectional control dependent on behavioral context. These effects are absent when Purkinje cell activation is delayed by 20 ms. Focal stimulation of Purkinje cells revealed site specificity, with cells in medial crus 2 showing the most prominent and selective impact on estimated coherence, i.e., a strong suppression in the gamma but not the theta band. Granger causality analyses and computational modeling of the involved networks suggest that Purkinje cells control S1-M1 phase consistency predominantly via ventrolateral thalamus and M1. Our results indicate that activity of sensorimotor cortices can be dynamically and functionally modulated by specific cerebellar inputs, highlighting a widespread role of the cerebellum in coordinating sensorimotor behavior.
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Abstract
The global population of 80 years and older is predicted to reach 437
million by 2050. As overall brain structure and function progressively degrades,
older and younger adults show differences in sensorimotor performance and brain
activity in the sensorimotor regions. Oral sensorimotor functions are an
important area of focus in natural aging and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
because oral health issues are commonly found in both elderly and AD
populations. While human behavioral studies on changes in oral sensorimotor
functions abound, very little is known about their neuronal correlates in normal
and pathological aging.
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32
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Different activation signatures in the primary sensorimotor and higher-level regions for haptic three-dimensional curved surface exploration. Neuroimage 2021; 231:117754. [PMID: 33454415 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Haptic object perception begins with continuous exploratory contact, and the human brain needs to accumulate sensory information continuously over time. However, it is still unclear how the primary sensorimotor cortex (PSC) interacts with these higher-level regions during haptic exploration over time. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigates time-dependent haptic object processing by examining brain activity during haptic 3D curve and roughness estimations. For this experiment, we designed sixteen haptic stimuli (4 kinds of curves × 4 varieties of roughness) for the haptic curve and roughness estimation tasks. Twenty participants were asked to move their right index and middle fingers along the surface twice and to estimate one of the two features-roughness or curvature-depending on the task instruction. We found that the brain activity in several higher-level regions (e.g., the bilateral posterior parietal cortex) linearly increased as the number of curves increased during the haptic exploration phase. Surprisingly, we found that the contralateral PSC was parametrically modulated by the number of curves only during the late exploration phase but not during the early exploration phase. In contrast, we found no similar parametric modulation activity patterns during the haptic roughness estimation task in either the contralateral PSC or in higher-level regions. Thus, our findings suggest that haptic 3D object perception is processed across the cortical hierarchy, whereas the contralateral PSC interacts with other higher-level regions across time in a manner that is dependent upon the features of the object.
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33
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Thomas J, Sharma D, Mohanta S, Jain N. Resting-State functional networks of different topographic representations in the somatosensory cortex of macaque monkeys and humans. Neuroimage 2020; 228:117694. [PMID: 33385552 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Information processing in the brain is mediated through a complex functional network architecture whose comprising nodes integrate and segregate themselves on different timescales. To gain an understanding of the network function it is imperative to identify and understand the network structure with respect to the underlying anatomical connectivity and the topographic organization. Here we show that the previously described resting-state network for the somatosensory area 3b comprises of distinct networks that are characteristic for different topographic representations. Seed-based resting-state functional connectivity analysis in macaque monkeys and humans using BOLD-fMRI signals from the face, the hand and rest of the medial somatosensory representations of area 3b revealed different correlation patterns. Both monkeys and humans have many similarities in the connectivity networks, although the networks are more complex in humans with many more nodes. In both the species face area network has the highest ipsilateral and contralateral connectivity, which included areas 3b and 4, and ventral premotor area. The area 3b hand network included ipsilateral hand representation in area 4. The emergent functional network structures largely reflect the known anatomical connectivity. Our results show that different body part representations in area 3b have independent functional networks perhaps reflecting differences in the behavioral use of different body parts. The results also show that large cortical areas if considered together, do not give a complete and accurate picture of the network architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Thomas
- National Brain Research Centre, NH 8, Manesar 122052, Haryana, India
| | - Dixit Sharma
- National Brain Research Centre, NH 8, Manesar 122052, Haryana, India
| | - Sounak Mohanta
- National Brain Research Centre, NH 8, Manesar 122052, Haryana, India
| | - Neeraj Jain
- National Brain Research Centre, NH 8, Manesar 122052, Haryana, India.
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34
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Kohn A, Jasper AI, Semedo JD, Gokcen E, Machens CK, Yu BM. Principles of Corticocortical Communication: Proposed Schemes and Design Considerations. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:725-737. [PMID: 32771224 PMCID: PMC7484382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nearly all brain functions involve routing neural activity among a distributed network of areas. Understanding this routing requires more than a description of interareal anatomical connectivity: it requires understanding what controls the flow of signals through interareal circuitry and how this communication might be modulated to allow flexible behavior. Here we review proposals of how communication, particularly between visual cortical areas, is instantiated and modulated, highlighting recent work that offers new perspectives. We suggest transitioning from a focus on assessing changes in the strength of interareal interactions, as often seen in studies of interareal communication, to a broader consideration of how different signaling schemes might contribute to computation. To this end, we discuss a set of features that might be desirable for a communication scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kohn
- Dominik Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA; Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Anna I Jasper
- Dominik Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
| | - João D Semedo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Evren Gokcen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christian K Machens
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Byron M Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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35
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Veuthey TL, Derosier K, Kondapavulur S, Ganguly K. Single-trial cross-area neural population dynamics during long-term skill learning. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4057. [PMID: 32792523 PMCID: PMC7426952 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cortex has both local and cross-area connections, suggesting vital roles for both local and cross-area neural population dynamics in cortically-dependent tasks, like movement learning. Prior studies of movement learning have focused on how single-area population dynamics change during short-term adaptation. It is unclear how cross-area dynamics contribute to movement learning, particularly long-term learning and skill acquisition. Using simultaneous recordings of rodent motor (M1) and premotor (M2) cortex and computational methods, we show how cross-area activity patterns evolve during reach-to-grasp learning in rats. The emergence of reach-related modulation in cross-area activity correlates with skill acquisition, and single-trial modulation in cross-area activity predicts reaction time and reach duration. Local M2 neural activity precedes local M1 activity, supporting top-down hierarchy between the regions. M2 inactivation preferentially affects cross-area dynamics and behavior, with minimal disruption of local M1 dynamics. Together, these results indicate that cross-area population dynamics are necessary for learned motor skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Veuthey
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Neurology and Rehabilitation Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K Derosier
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Neurology and Rehabilitation Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Kondapavulur
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Neurology and Rehabilitation Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K Ganguly
- Neurology and Rehabilitation Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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36
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Sasegbon A, Cheng I, Zhang M, Hamdy S. Advances in the Use of Neuromodulation for Neurogenic Dysphagia: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Application of Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2020; 29:1044-1064. [PMID: 32650660 DOI: 10.1044/2020_ajslp-19-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The swallowing motor system and, specifically, its cortical substrates appear to have certain unique properties that make it highly susceptible to brain plasticity, both driven and following injury. Furthermore, neurogenic dysphagia is a common complication of brain disease, associated with poor outcomes, and yet treatment options remain limited. Therefore, translating the physiology of neurostimulation into clinical populations becomes imperative. In this review, we describe therapeutic application of neuroplasticity in the human swallowing motor system by initially examining the role of pharyngeal electrical stimulation from a mechanistic perspective and then reporting on clinical studies using this approach. Thereafter, we explore the application of noninvasive brain stimulation, which has previously been used to treat nervous system disorders such as depression, pain modulation, and cognitive impairment. Transcranial brain stimulations, in particular, transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation, have been utilized by a number of investigators for rehabilitation in early-stage clinical trials, including dysphagia after neurological disease. In this review, we assess its usefulness in neurogenic dysphagia. Conclusion Early studies indicate these emerging neurostimulatory techniques hold future therapeutic promise. However, both a greater number of and larger clinical trials are required to provide evidence delineating their efficacy and scope of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele Sasegbon
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Ivy Cheng
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Mengqing Zhang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Shaheen Hamdy
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Salford, United Kingdom
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Kobayashi T, Fukami H, Ishikawa E, Shibata K, Kubota M, Kondo H, Sahara Y. An fMRI Study of the Brain Network Involved in Teeth Tapping in Elderly Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:32. [PMID: 32256334 PMCID: PMC7090023 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical activity during jaw movement has been analyzed using various non-invasive brain imaging methods, but the contribution of orofacial sensory input to voluntary jaw movements remains unclear. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to observe brain activities during a simple teeth tapping task in adult dentulous (AD), older dentulous (OD), and older edentulous subjects who wore dentures (OEd) or did not wear dentures (OE) to analyze their functional network connections. (1) To assess the effect of age on natural activation patterns during teeth tapping, a comparison of groups with natural dentition—AD and OD—was undertaken. A general linear model analysis indicated that the major activated site in the AD group was the primary sensory cortex (SI) and motor cortex (MI) (p < 0.05, family wise error corrected). In the OD group, teeth tapping induced brain activity at various foci (p < 0.05, family wise error corrected), including the SI, MI, insula cortex, supplementary motor cortex (SMC)/premotor cortex (PMA), cerebellum, thalamus, and basal ganglia in each group. (2) Group comparisons between the OD and OEd subjects showed decreased activity in the SI, MI, Brodmann’s area 6 (BA6), thalamus (ventral posteromedial nucleus, VPM), basal ganglia, and insular cortex (p ¡ 0.005, uncorrected). This suggested that the decreased S1/M1 activity in the OEd group was related to missing teeth, which led to reduced periodontal afferents. (3) A conjunction analysis in the OD and OEd/OE groups revealed that commonly activated areas were the MI, SI, cerebellum, BA6, thalamus (VPM), and basal ganglia (putamen; p < 0.05, FWE corrected). These areas have been associated with voluntary movements. (4) Psychophysiological interaction analysis (OEd vs OE) showed that subcortical and cortical structures, such as the MI, SI, DLPFC, SMC/PMA, insula cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum, likely function as hubs and form an integrated network that participates in the control of teeth tapping. These results suggest that oral sensory inputs are involved in the control of teeth tapping through feedforward control of intended movements, as well as feedback control of ongoing movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kobayashi
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - H Fukami
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Japan.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Health Care, Baika Women's University, Osaka, Japan
| | - E Ishikawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Japan
| | - K Shibata
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Japan
| | - M Kubota
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - H Kondo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Y Sahara
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Japan
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Kolasinski J, Dima DC, Mehler DMA, Stephenson A, Valadan S, Kusmia S, Rossiter HE. Spatially and Temporally Distinct Encoding of Muscle and Kinematic Information in Rostral and Caudal Primary Motor Cortex. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa009. [PMID: 32864612 PMCID: PMC7446240 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The organizing principle of human motor cortex does not follow an anatomical body map, but rather a distributed representational structure in which motor primitives are combined to produce motor outputs. Electrophysiological recordings in primates and human imaging data suggest that M1 encodes kinematic features of movements, such as joint position and velocity. However, M1 exhibits well-documented sensory responses to cutaneous and proprioceptive stimuli, raising questions regarding the origins of kinematic motor representations: are they relevant in top-down motor control, or are they an epiphenomenon of bottom-up sensory feedback during movement? Here we provide evidence for spatially and temporally distinct encoding of kinematic and muscle information in human M1 during the production of a wide variety of naturalistic hand movements. Using a powerful combination of high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetoencephalography, a spatial and temporal multivariate representational similarity analysis revealed encoding of kinematic information in more caudal regions of M1, over 200 ms before movement onset. In contrast, patterns of muscle activity were encoded in more rostral motor regions much later after movements began. We provide compelling evidence that top-down control of dexterous movement engages kinematic representations in caudal regions of M1 prior to movement production.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kolasinski
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Diana C Dima
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - David M A Mehler
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Alice Stephenson
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Sara Valadan
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Slawomir Kusmia
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Holly E Rossiter
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
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39
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Jiang T, Pellizzer G, Asman P, Bastos D, Bhavsar S, Tummala S, Prabhu S, Ince NF. Power Modulations of ECoG Alpha/Beta and Gamma Bands Correlate With Time-Derivative of Force During Hand Grasp. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:100. [PMID: 32116533 PMCID: PMC7033626 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that motor cortical oscillatory components are modulated in their amplitude during voluntary and imagined movements. These patterns have been used to develop brain-machine interfaces (BMI) which focused mostly on movement kinematics. In contrast, there have been only a few studies on the relation between brain oscillatory activity and the control of force, in particular, grasping force, which is of primary importance for common daily activities. In this study, we recorded intraoperative high-density electrocorticography (ECoG) from the sensorimotor cortex of four patients while they executed a voluntary isometric hand grasp following verbal instruction. The grasp was held for 2 to 3 s before being instructed to relax. We studied the power modulations of neural oscillations during the whole time-course of the grasp (onset, hold, and offset phases). Phasic event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the low-frequency band (LFB) from 8 to 32 Hz and event-related synchronization (ERS) in the high-frequency band (HFB) from 60 to 200 Hz were observed at grasp onset and offset. However, during the grasp holding period, the magnitude of LFB-ERD and HFB-ERS decreased near or at the baseline level. Overall, LFB-ERD and HFB-ERS show phasic characteristics related to the changes of grasp force (onset/offset) in all four patients. More precisely, the fluctuations of HFB-ERS primarily, and of LFB-ERD to a lesser extent, correlated with the time-course of the first time-derivative of force (yank), rather than with force itself. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that establishes such a correlation. These results have fundamental implications for the decoding of grasp in brain oscillatory activity-based neuroprosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiao Jiang
- Clinical Neural Engineering Lab, Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Giuseppe Pellizzer
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, MN, United States
| | - Priscella Asman
- Clinical Neural Engineering Lab, Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dhiego Bastos
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shreyas Bhavsar
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sudhakar Tummala
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sujit Prabhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nuri F Ince
- Clinical Neural Engineering Lab, Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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40
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Cassady K, Ruitenberg MFL, Reuter-Lorenz PA, Tommerdahl M, Seidler RD. Neural Dedifferentiation across the Lifespan in the Motor and Somatosensory Systems. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:3704-3716. [PMID: 32043110 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related declines in sensorimotor performance have been linked to dedifferentiation of neural representations (i.e., more widespread activity during task performance in older versus younger adults). However, it remains unclear whether changes in neural representations across the adult lifespan are related between the motor and somatosensory systems, and whether alterations in these representations are associated with age declines in motor and somatosensory performance. To investigate these issues, we collected functional magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral data while participants aged 19-76 years performed a visuomotor tapping task or received vibrotactile stimulation. Despite one finding indicative of compensatory mechanisms with older age, we generally observed that 1) older age was associated with greater activity and stronger positive connectivity within sensorimotor and LOC regions during both visuomotor and vibrotactile tasks; 2) increased activation and stronger positive connectivity were associated with worse performance; and 3) age differences in connectivity in the motor system correlated with those in the somatosensory system. Notwithstanding the difficulty of disentangling the relationships between age, brain, and behavioral measures, these results provide novel evidence for neural dedifferentiation across the adult lifespan in both motor and somatosensory systems and suggest that dedifferentiation in these two systems is related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Cassady
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA
| | - Marit F L Ruitenberg
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.,Department of Health, Medical and Neuropsychology, Leiden University, Leiden 2300, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mark Tommerdahl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA and
| | - Rachael D Seidler
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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41
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Rojas-Líbano D, Parada FJ. Body-World Coupling, Sensorimotor Mechanisms, and the Ontogeny of Social Cognition. Front Psychol 2020; 10:3005. [PMID: 31993013 PMCID: PMC6971058 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Líbano
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Social, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco J Parada
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Social, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
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42
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Zhao M, Marino M, Samogin J, Swinnen SP, Mantini D. Hand, foot and lip representations in primary sensorimotor cortex: a high-density electroencephalography study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19464. [PMID: 31857602 PMCID: PMC6923477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary sensorimotor cortex plays a major role in the execution of movements of the contralateral side of the body. The topographic representation of different body parts within this brain region is commonly investigated through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, fMRI does not provide direct information about neuronal activity. In this study, we used high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG) to map the representations of hand, foot, and lip movements in the primary sensorimotor cortex, and to study their neural signatures. Specifically, we assessed the event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the cortical space. We found that the performance of hand, foot, and lip movements elicited an ERD in beta and gamma frequency bands. The primary regions showing significant beta- and gamma-band ERD for hand and foot movements, respectively, were consistent with previously reported using fMRI. We observed relatively weaker ERD for lip movements, which may be explained by the fact that less fine movement control was required. Overall, our study demonstrated that ERD based on hdEEG data can support the study of motor-related neural processes, with relatively high spatial resolution. An interesting avenue may be the use of hdEEG for deeper investigations into the pathophysiology of neuromotor disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Zhao
- Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marco Marino
- Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.,Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126, Venice, Italy
| | - Jessica Samogin
- Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan P Swinnen
- Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dante Mantini
- Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium. .,Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126, Venice, Italy.
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43
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Lyu S, Xing H, DeAndrade MP, Perez PD, Zhang K, Liu Y, Yokoi F, Febo M, Li Y. The role of BTBD9 in the cerebral cortex and the pathogenesis of restless legs syndrome. Exp Neurol 2019; 323:113111. [PMID: 31715135 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a nocturnal neurological disorder affecting up to 10% of the population. It is characterized by an urge to move and uncomfortable sensations in the legs which can be relieved by movements. Mutations in BTBD9 may confer a higher risk of RLS. We developed Btbd9 knockout mice as an animal model. Functional alterations in the cerebral cortex, especially the sensorimotor cortex, have been found in RLS patients in several imaging studies. However, the role of cerebral cortex in the pathogenesis of RLS remains unclear. To explore this, we used in vivo manganese-enhanced MRI and found that the Btbd9 knockout mice had significantly increased neural activities in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and the rostral piriform cortex. Morphometry study revealed a decreased thickness in a part of S1 representing the hindlimb (S1HL) and M1. The electrophysiological recording showed Btbd9 knockout mice had enhanced short-term plasticity at the corticostriatal terminals to D1 medium spiny neurons (MSNs). Furthermore, we specifically knocked out Btbd9 in the cerebral cortex of mice (Btbd9 cKO). The Btbd9 cKO mice showed a rest-phase specific motor restlessness, decreased thermal sensation, and a thinner S1HL and M1. Both Btbd9 knockout and Btbd9 cKO exhibited motor deficits. Our results indicate that systematic BTBD9 deficiency leads to both functional and morphometrical changes of the cerebral cortex, and an alteration in the corticostriatal pathway to D1 MSNs. Loss of BTBD9 only in the cerebral cortex is sufficient to cause similar phenotypes as observed in the Btbd9 complete knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangru Lyu
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hong Xing
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mark P DeAndrade
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Pablo D Perez
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Keer Zhang
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yuning Liu
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Fumiaki Yokoi
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yuqing Li
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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44
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Ohashi H, Gribble PL, Ostry DJ. Somatosensory cortical excitability changes precede those in motor cortex during human motor learning. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:1397-1405. [PMID: 31390294 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00383.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor learning is associated with plasticity in both motor and somatosensory cortex. It is known from animal studies that tetanic stimulation to each of these areas individually induces long-term potentiation in its counterpart. In this context it is possible that changes in motor cortex contribute to somatosensory change and that changes in somatosensory cortex are involved in changes in motor areas of the brain. It is also possible that learning-related plasticity occurs in these areas independently. To better understand the relative contribution to human motor learning of motor cortical and somatosensory plasticity, we assessed the time course of changes in primary somatosensory and motor cortex excitability during motor skill learning. Learning was assessed using a force production task in which a target force profile varied from one trial to the next. The excitability of primary somatosensory cortex was measured using somatosensory evoked potentials in response to median nerve stimulation. The excitability of primary motor cortex was measured using motor evoked potentials elicited by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation. These two measures were interleaved with blocks of motor learning trials. We found that the earliest changes in cortical excitability during learning occurred in somatosensory cortical responses, and these changes preceded changes in motor cortical excitability. Changes in somatosensory evoked potentials were correlated with behavioral measures of learning. Changes in motor evoked potentials were not. These findings indicate that plasticity in somatosensory cortex occurs as a part of the earliest stages of motor learning, before changes in motor cortex are observed.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We tracked somatosensory and motor cortical excitability during motor skill acquisition. Changes in both motor cortical and somatosensory excitability were observed during learning; however, the earliest changes were in somatosensory cortex, not motor cortex. Moreover, the earliest changes in somatosensory cortical excitability predict the extent of subsequent learning; those in motor cortex do not. This is consistent with the idea that plasticity in somatosensory cortex coincides with the earliest stages of human motor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ohashi
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul L Gribble
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut.,The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J Ostry
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Benedetto A, Morrone MC, Tomassini A. The Common Rhythm of Action and Perception. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 32:187-200. [PMID: 31210564 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research in the last decade has undermined the idea of perception as a continuous process, providing strong empirical support for its rhythmic modulation. More recently, it has been revealed that the ongoing motor processes influence the rhythmic sampling of sensory information. In this review, we will focus on a growing body of evidence suggesting that oscillation-based mechanisms may structure the dynamic interplay between the motor and sensory system and provide a unified temporal frame for their effective coordination. We will describe neurophysiological data, primarily collected in animals, showing phase-locking of neuronal oscillations to the onset of (eye) movements. These data are complemented by novel evidence in humans, which demonstrate the behavioral relevance of these oscillatory modulations and their domain-general nature. Finally, we will discuss the possible implications of these modulations for action-perception coupling mechanisms.
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Pannexin 1 Regulates Network Ensembles and Dendritic Spine Development in Cortical Neurons. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0503-18.2019. [PMID: 31118206 PMCID: PMC6557035 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0503-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are the postsynaptic targets of excitatory synaptic inputs that undergo extensive proliferation and maturation during the first postnatal month in mice. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate spines during this critical period is limited. Previous work has shown that pannexin 1 (Panx1) regulates neurite growth and synaptic plasticity. We therefore investigated the impact of global Panx1 KO on spontaneous cortical neuron activity using Ca2+ imaging and in silico network analysis. Panx1 KO increased both the number and size of spontaneous co-active cortical neuron network ensembles. To understand the basis for these findings, we investigated Panx1 expression in postnatal synaptosome preparations from early postnatal mouse cortex. Between 2 and 4 postnatal weeks, we observed a precipitous drop in cortical synaptosome protein levels of Panx1, suggesting it regulates synapse proliferation and/or maturation. At the same time points, we observed significant enrichment of the excitatory postsynaptic density proteins PSD-95, GluA1, and GluN2a in cortical synaptosomes from global Panx1 knock-out mice. Ex vivo analysis of pyramidal neuron structure in somatosensory cortex revealed a consistent increase in dendritic spine densities in both male and female Panx1 KO mice. Similar findings were observed in an excitatory neuron-specific Panx1 KO line (Emx1-Cre driven; Panx1 cKOE) and in primary Panx1 KO cortical neurons cultured in vitro. Altogether, our study suggests that Panx1 negatively regulates cortical dendritic spine development.
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Atypical somatosensory-motor cortical response during vowel vocalization in spasmodic dysphonia. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:1033-1040. [PMID: 30930193 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a debilitating voice/speech disorder without an effective cure. To obtain a better understanding of the underlying cortical neural mechanism of the disease we analyzed electroencephalographic (EEG) signals of people with SD during voice production. METHOD Ten SD individuals and 10 healthy volunteers produced 50 vowel vocalization epochs of 2500 ms duration. Two EEG features were derived: (1) event-related change in spectral power during vocalization relative to rest, (2) inter-regional spectral coherence. RESULTS During early vocalization (500-1000 ms) the SD group showed significantly larger alpha band spectral power over the left motor cortex. During late vocalization (1000-2500 ms) SD patients showed a significantly larger gamma band coherence between left somatosensory and premotor cortical areas. CONCLUSIONS Two atypical patterns of cortical activity characterize the pathophysiology of spasmodic dysphonia during voice production: (1) a reduced movement-related desynchronization of motor cortical networks, (2) an excessively large synchronization between left somatosensory and premotor cortical areas. SIGNIFICANCE The pathophysiology of SD is characterized by an abnormally high synchronous activity within and across cortical neural networks involved in voice production that is mainly lateralized in the left hemisphere.
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Semedo JD, Zandvakili A, Machens CK, Yu BM, Kohn A. Cortical Areas Interact through a Communication Subspace. Neuron 2019; 102:249-259.e4. [PMID: 30770252 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Most brain functions involve interactions among multiple, distinct areas or nuclei. For instance, visual processing in primates requires the appropriate relaying of signals across many distinct cortical areas. Yet our understanding of how populations of neurons in interconnected brain areas communicate is in its infancy. Here we investigate how trial-to-trial fluctuations of population responses in primary visual cortex (V1) are related to simultaneously recorded population responses in area V2. Using dimensionality reduction methods, we find that V1-V2 interactions occur through a communication subspace: V2 fluctuations are related to a small subset of V1 population activity patterns, distinct from the largest fluctuations shared among neurons within V1. In contrast, interactions between subpopulations within V1 are less selective. We propose that the communication subspace may be a general, population-level mechanism by which activity can be selectively routed across brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- João D Semedo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Amin Zandvakili
- Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Christian K Machens
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Byron M Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam Kohn
- Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Liu S, Iriate-Diaz J, Hatsopoulos NG, Ross CF, Takahashi K, Chen Z. Dynamics of motor cortical activity during naturalistic feeding behavior. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:026038. [PMID: 30721881 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The orofacial primary motor cortex (MIo) plays a critical role in controlling tongue and jaw movements during oral motor functions, such as chewing, swallowing and speech. However, the neural mechanisms of MIo during naturalistic feeding are still poorly understood. There is a strong need for a systematic study of motor cortical dynamics during feeding behavior. APPROACH To investigate the neural dynamics and variability of MIo neuronal activity during naturalistic feeding, we used chronically implanted micro-electrode arrays to simultaneously recorded ensembles of neuronal activity in the MIo of two monkeys (Macaca mulatta) while eating various types of food. We developed a Bayesian nonparametric latent variable model to reveal latent structures of neuronal population activity of the MIo and identify the complex mapping between MIo ensemble spike activity and high-dimensional kinematics. MAIN RESULTS Rhythmic neuronal firing patterns and oscillatory dynamics are evident in single-unit activity. At the population level, we uncovered the neural dynamics of rhythmic chewing, and quantified the neural variability at multiple timescales (complete feeding sequences, chewing sequence stages, chewing gape cycle phases) across food types. Our approach accommodates time-warping of chewing sequences and automatic model selection, and maps the latent states to chewing behaviors at fine timescales. SIGNIFICANCE Our work shows that neural representations of MIo ensembles display spatiotemporal patterns in chewing gape cycles at different chew sequence stages, and these patterns vary in a stage-dependent manner. Unsupervised learning and decoding analysis may reveal the link between complex MIo spatiotemporal patterns and chewing kinematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Quick KM, Mischel JL, Loughlin PJ, Batista AP. The critical stability task: quantifying sensory-motor control during ongoing movement in nonhuman primates. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:2164-2181. [PMID: 29947593 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00300.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Everyday behaviors require that we interact with the environment, using sensory information in an ongoing manner to guide our actions. Yet, by design, many of the tasks used in primate neurophysiology laboratories can be performed with limited sensory guidance. As a consequence, our knowledge about the neural mechanisms of motor control is largely limited to the feedforward aspects of the motor command. To study the feedback aspects of volitional motor control, we adapted the critical stability task (CST) from the human performance literature (Jex H, McDonnell J, Phatak A. IEEE Trans Hum Factors Electron 7: 138-145, 1966). In the CST, our monkey subjects interact with an inherently unstable (i.e., divergent) virtual system and must generate sensory-guided actions to stabilize it about an equilibrium point. The difficulty of the CST is determined by a single parameter, which allows us to quantitatively establish the limits of performance in the task for different sensory feedback conditions. Two monkeys learned to perform the CST with visual or vibrotactile feedback. Performance was better under visual feedback, as expected, but both monkeys were able to utilize vibrotactile feedback alone to successfully perform the CST. We also observed changes in behavioral strategy as the task became more challenging. The CST will have value for basic science investigations of the neural basis of sensory-motor integration during ongoing actions, and it may also provide value for the design and testing of bidirectional brain computer interface systems. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Currently, most behavioral tasks used in motor neurophysiology studies require primates to make short-duration, stereotyped movements that do not necessitate sensory feedback. To improve our understanding of sensorimotor integration, and to engineer meaningful artificial sensory feedback systems for brain-computer interfaces, it is crucial to have a task that requires sensory feedback for good control. The critical stability task demands that sensory information be used to guide long-duration movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Quick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica L Mischel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick J Loughlin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aaron P Batista
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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