1
|
Li YY, Murai K, Lyu J, Honda M. Roles Played by DOCK11, a Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor, in HBV Entry and Persistence in Hepatocytes. Viruses 2024; 16:745. [PMID: 38793626 PMCID: PMC11125634 DOI: 10.3390/v16050745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
HBV infection is challenging to cure due to the persistence of viral covalently closed circular viral DNA (cccDNA). The dedicator of cytokinesis 11 (DOCK11) is recognized as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for CDC42 that has been reported to be required for HBV persistence. DOCK11 is expressed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of human hepatocytes and is functionally associated with retrograde trafficking proteins Arf-GAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat, and pleckstrin homology domain-containing protein 2 (AGAP2), and ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1), together with the HBV capsid, in the trans-Golgi network (TGN). This opens an alternative retrograde trafficking route for HBV from early endosomes (EEs) to the TGN and then to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), thereby avoiding lysosomal degradation. DOCK11 also facilitates the association of cccDNA with H3K4me3 and RNA Pol II for activating cccDNA transcription. In addition, DOCK11 plays a crucial role in the host DNA repair system, being essential for cccDNA synthesis. This function can be inhibited by 10M-D42AN, a novel DOCK11-binding peptide, leading to the suppression of HBV replication both in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with a combination of 10M-D42AN and entecavir may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Consequently, DOCK11 may be seen as a potential candidate molecule in the development of molecularly targeted drugs against CHB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Murai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Junyan Lyu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Masao Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Du X, Gao Y, Zhang H, Xu X, Li Y, Zhao L, Luo M, Wang H. HDA6 modulates Arabidopsis pavement cell morphogenesis through epigenetic suppression of ROP6 GTPase expression and signaling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2523-2539. [PMID: 38214469 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The transcriptional regulation of Rho-related GTPase from plants (ROPs), which determine cell polarity formation and maintenance during plant development, still remains enigmatic. In this study, we elucidated the epigenetic mechanism of histone deacetylase HDA6 in transcriptional repression of ROP6 and its impact on cell polarity and morphogenesis in Arabidopsis leaf epidermal pavement cells (PCs). We found that the hda6 mutant axe1-4 exhibited impaired jigsaw-shaped PCs and convoluted leaves. This correlated with disruptions in the spatial organizations of cortical microtubules and filamentous actin, which is integral to PC indentation and lobe formation. Further transcriptional analyses and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that HDA6 specifically represses ROP6 expression through histone H3K9K14 deacetylation. Importantly, overexpression of dominant negative-rop6 in axe1-4 restored interdigitated cell morphology. Our study unveils HDA6 as a key regulator in Arabidopsis PC morphogenesis through epigenetic suppression of ROP6. It reveals the pivotal role of HDA6 in the transcriptional regulation of ROP6 and provides compelling evidence for the functional interplay between histone deacetylation and ROP6-mediated cytoskeletal arrangement in the development of interdigitated PCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Du
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yingmiao Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lifeng Zhao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Doan PTB, Nio K, Shimakami T, Kuroki K, Li YY, Sugimoto S, Takayama H, Okada H, Kaneko S, Honda M, Yamashita T. Super-Resolution Microscopy Analysis of Hepatitis B Viral cccDNA and Host Factors. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051178. [PMID: 37243264 DOI: 10.3390/v15051178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) cannot be cured completely because of the persistence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). We previously found that the host gene dedicator of cytokinesis 11 (DOCK11) was required for HBV persistence. In this study, we further investigated the mechanism that links DOCK11 to other host genes in the regulation of cccDNA transcription. cccDNA levels were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in stable HBV-producing cell lines and HBV-infected PXB-cells®. Interactions between DOCK11 and other host genes were identified by super-resolution microscopy, immunoblotting, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. FISH facilitated the subcellular localization of key HBV nucleic acids. Interestingly, although DOCK11 partially colocalized with histone proteins, such as H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, and nonhistone proteins, such as RNA Pol II, it played limited roles in histone modification and RNA transcription. DOCK11 was functionally involved in regulating the subnuclear distribution of host factors and/or cccDNA, resulting in an increase in cccDNA closely located to H3K4me3 and RNA Pol II for activating cccDNA transcription. Thus, it was suggested that the association of cccDNA-bound Pol II and H3K4me3 required the assistance of DOCK11. DOCK11 facilitated the association of cccDNA with H3K4me3 and RNA Pol II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thi Bich Doan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kouki Nio
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shimakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kuroki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Ying-Yi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Saiho Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hideo Takayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hikari Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Masao Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The intersection between circadian and heat-responsive regulatory networks controls plant responses to increasing temperatures. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1151-1165. [PMID: 35758233 PMCID: PMC9246330 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing temperatures impact plant biochemistry, but the effects can be highly variable. Both external and internal factors modulate how plants respond to rising temperatures. One such factor is the time of day or season the temperature increase occurs. This timing significantly affects plant responses to higher temperatures altering the signaling networks and affecting tolerance levels. Increasing overlaps between circadian signaling and high temperature responses have been identified that could explain this sensitivity to the timing of heat stress. ELF3, a circadian clock component, functions as a thermosensor. ELF3 regulates thermoresponsive hypocotyl elongation in part through its cellular localization. The temperature sensitivity of ELF3 depends on the length of a polyglutamine region, explaining how plant temperature responses vary between species. However, the intersection between the circadian system and increased temperature stress responses is pervasive and extends beyond this overlap in thermosensing. Here, we review the network responses to increased temperatures, heat stress, and the impacts on the mechanisms of gene expression from transcription to translation, highlighting the intersections between the elevated temperature and heat stress response pathways and circadian signaling, focusing on the role of ELF3 as a thermosensor.
Collapse
|
5
|
A Small Gtp-Binding Protein GhROP3 Interacts with GhGGB Protein and Negatively Regulates Drought Tolerance in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121580. [PMID: 35736735 PMCID: PMC9227279 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As a plant-specific Rho-like small G protein, the ROP (Rho-related GTPase of plants) protein regulates the growth and development of plants and various stress responses in the form of molecular switches. Drought is a major abiotic stress that limits cotton yield and fiber quality. In this study, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology was used to analyze the biological function of GhROP3 in cotton drought stress tolerance. Meanwhile, we used yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays to examine the interaction between GhROP3 and GhGGB. GhROP3 has a high expression level in cotton true leaves and roots, and responds to drought, high salt, cold, heat stress, and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin (IAA) treatments. Silencing GhROP3 improved the drought tolerance of cotton. The water loss rates (WLR) of detached leaves significantly reduced in silenced plants. Also, the relative water content (RWC) and total contents of chlorophyll (Chl) and proline (Pro) of leaves after drought stress and the activities of three antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) significantly increased, whereas the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly reduced. In the leaves of silenced plants, the expression of genes related to ABA synthesis and its related pathway was significantly upregulated, and the expression of decomposition-related GhCYP707A gene and genes related to IAA synthesis and its related pathways was significantly downregulated. It indicated that GhROP3 was a negative regulator of cotton response to drought by participating in the negative regulation of the ABA signaling pathway and the positive regulation of the IAA signaling pathway. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed that the GhROP3 protein interacted with the GhGGB protein in vivo and in vitro. This study provided a theoretical basis for the in-depth investigation of the drought resistance–related molecular mechanism of the GhROP3 gene and the biological function of the GhGGB gene.
Collapse
|
6
|
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases and CTD Phosphatases in Cell Cycle Transcriptional Control: Conservation across Eukaryotic Kingdoms and Uniqueness to Plants. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020279. [PMID: 35053398 PMCID: PMC8774115 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle control is vital for cell proliferation in all eukaryotic organisms. The entire cell cycle can be conceptually separated into four distinct phases, Gap 1 (G1), DNA synthesis (S), G2, and mitosis (M), which progress sequentially. The precise control of transcription, in particular, at the G1 to S and G2 to M transitions, is crucial for the synthesis of many phase-specific proteins, to ensure orderly progression throughout the cell cycle. This mini-review highlights highly conserved transcriptional regulators that are shared in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Arabidopsis thaliana model plant, and humans, which have been separated for more than a billion years of evolution. These include structurally and/or functionally conserved regulators cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) phosphatases, and the classical versus shortcut models of Pol II transcriptional control. A few of CDKs and CTD phosphatases counteract to control the Pol II CTD Ser phosphorylation codes and are considered critical regulators of Pol II transcriptional process from initiation to elongation and termination. The functions of plant-unique CDKs and CTD phosphatases in relation to cell division are also briefly summarized. Future studies towards testing a cooperative transcriptional mechanism, which is proposed here and involves sequence-specific transcription factors and the shortcut model of Pol II CTD code modulation, across the three eukaryotic kingdoms will reveal how individual organisms achieve the most productive, large-scale transcription of phase-specific genes required for orderly progression throughout the entire cell cycle.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yuan C, Xu J, Chen Q, Liu Q, Hu Y, Jin Y, Qin C. C-terminal domain phosphatase-like 1 (CPL1) is involved in floral transition in Arabidopsis. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:642. [PMID: 34482814 PMCID: PMC8418720 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07966-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA polymerase II plays critical roles in transcription in eukaryotic organisms. C-terminal Domain Phosphatase-like 1 (CPL1) regulates the phosphorylation state of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II subunit B1, which is critical in determining RNA polymerase II activity. CPL1 plays an important role in miRNA biogenesis, plant growth and stress responses. Although cpl1 mutant showes delayed-flowering phenotype, the molecular mechanism behind CPL1's role in floral transition is still unknown. RESULTS To study the role of CPL1 during the floral transition, we first tested phenotypes of cpl1-3 mutant, which harbors a point-mutation. The cpl1-3 mutant contains a G-to-A transition in the second exon, which results in an amino acid substitution from Glu to Lys (E116K). Further analyses found that the mutated amino acid (Glu) was conserved in these species. As a result, we found that the cpl1-3 mutant experienced delayed flowering under both long- and short-day conditions, and CPL1 is involved in the vernalization pathway. Transcriptome analysis identified 109 genes differentially expressed in the cpl1 mutant, with 2 being involved in floral transition. Differential expression of the two flowering-related DEGs was further validated by qRT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Flowering genetic pathways analysis coupled with transciptomic analysis provides potential genes related to floral transition in the cpl1-3 mutant, and a framework for future studies of the molecular mechanisms behind CPL1's role in floral transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yuan
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingya Xu
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinggang Liu
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yikai Hu
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yicheng Jin
- Division of Research and Development, Oriomics Inc, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Blein T, Balzergue C, Roulé T, Gabriel M, Scalisi L, François T, Sorin C, Christ A, Godon C, Delannoy E, Martin-Magniette ML, Nussaume L, Hartmann C, Gautheret D, Desnos T, Crespi M. Landscape of the Noncoding Transcriptome Response of Two Arabidopsis Ecotypes to Phosphate Starvation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:1058-1072. [PMID: 32404413 PMCID: PMC7333710 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Root architecture varies widely between species; it even varies between ecotypes of the same species, despite strong conservation of the coding portion of their genomes. By contrast, noncoding RNAs evolve rapidly between ecotypes and may control their differential responses to the environment, since several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to quantitatively regulate gene expression. Roots from ecotypes Columbia and Landsberg erecta of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) respond differently to phosphate starvation. Here, we compared transcriptomes (mRNAs, lncRNAs, and small RNAs) of root tips from these two ecotypes during early phosphate starvation. We identified thousands of lncRNAs that were largely conserved at the DNA level in these ecotypes. In contrast to coding genes, many lncRNAs were specifically transcribed in one ecotype and/or differentially expressed between ecotypes independent of phosphate availability. We further characterized these ecotype-related lncRNAs and studied their link with small interfering RNAs. Our analysis identified 675 lncRNAs differentially expressed between the two ecotypes, including antisense RNAs targeting key regulators of root-growth responses. Misregulation of several lincRNAs showed that at least two ecotype-related lncRNAs regulate primary root growth in ecotype Columbia. RNA-sequencing analysis following deregulation of lncRNA NPC48 revealed a potential link with root growth and transport functions. This exploration of the noncoding transcriptome identified ecotype-specific lncRNA-mediated regulation in root apexes. The noncoding genome may harbor further mechanisms involved in ecotype adaptation of roots to different soil environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Blein
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Coline Balzergue
- Aix Marseille University, Commisariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseilles, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Signalisation pour l'Adaptation des Végétaux à leur Environnement (UMR7265 SAVE), 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Thomas Roulé
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Marc Gabriel
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Commisariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Université Paris Sud, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Laetitia Scalisi
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Tracy François
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Céline Sorin
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Aurélie Christ
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Christian Godon
- Aix Marseille University, Commisariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseilles, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Signalisation pour l'Adaptation des Végétaux à leur Environnement (UMR7265 SAVE), 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Etienne Delannoy
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Marie-Laure Martin-Magniette
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche MIA-Paris (UMR MIA-Paris), AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- Aix Marseille University, Commisariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseilles, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Signalisation pour l'Adaptation des Végétaux à leur Environnement (UMR7265 SAVE), 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Caroline Hartmann
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Daniel Gautheret
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Commisariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Université Paris Sud, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Thierry Desnos
- Aix Marseille University, Commisariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseilles, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Signalisation pour l'Adaptation des Végétaux à leur Environnement (UMR7265 SAVE), 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Martin Crespi
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang B, Zhong X, Sauane M, Zhao Y, Zheng ZL. Modulation of the Pol II CTD Phosphorylation Code by Rac1 and Cdc42 Small GTPases in Cultured Human Cancer Cells and Its Implication for Developing a Synthetic-Lethal Cancer Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030621. [PMID: 32143485 PMCID: PMC7140432 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases, including Rho, Cdc42, Rac and ROP subfamilies, are key signaling molecules in RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcriptional control. Our prior work has shown that plant ROP and yeast Cdc42 GTPases similarly modulate Ser2 and Ser5 phosphorylation status of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the Pol II largest subunit by regulating CTD phosphatase degradation. Here, we present genetic and pharmacological evidence showing that Cdc42 and Rac1 GTPase signaling modulates a similar CTD Ser2 and Ser5 phosphorylation code in cultured human cancer cells. While siRNA knockdown of Cdc42 and Rac1, respectively, in HeLa cells increased the level of CTD Ser phosphatases RPAP2 and FCP1, they both decreased the level of CTD kinases CDK7 and CDK13. In addition, the protein degradation inhibitor MG132 reversed the effect of THZ1, a CDK7 inhibitor which could decrease the cell number and amount of CDK7 and CDK13, accompanied by a reduction in the level of CTD Ser2 and Ser5 phosphorylation and DOCK4 and DOCK9 (the activators for Rac1 and Cdc42, respectively). Conversely, treatments of Torin1 or serum deprivation, both of which promote protein degradation, could enhance the effect of THZ1, indicating the involvement of protein degradation in controlling CDK7 and CDK13. Our results support an evolutionarily conserved signaling shortcut model linking Rho GTPases to Pol II transcription across three kingdoms, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia, and could lead to the development of a potential synthetic-lethal strategy in controlling cancer cell proliferation or death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
- Department of Biology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, China
| | - Xuelin Zhong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
- Biology PhD Program, Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Moira Sauane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
- Biology PhD Program, Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yihong Zhao
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies and Department of Applied Psychology, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zhi-Liang Zheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aristizabal MJ, Dever K, Negri GL, Shen M, Hawe N, Benschop JJ, Holstege FCP, Krogan NJ, Sadowski I, Kobor MS. Regulation of Skn7-dependent, oxidative stress-induced genes by the RNA polymerase II-CTD phosphatase, Fcp1, and Mediator kinase subunit, Cdk8, in yeast. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16080-16094. [PMID: 31506296 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fcp1 is a protein phosphatase that facilitates transcription elongation and termination by dephosphorylating the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. High-throughput genetic screening and gene expression profiling of fcp1 mutants revealed a novel connection to Cdk8, the Mediator complex kinase subunit, and Skn7, a key transcription factor in the oxidative stress response pathway. Briefly, Skn7 was enriched as a regulator of genes whose mRNA levels were altered in fcp1 and cdk8Δ mutants and was required for the suppression of fcp1 mutant growth defects by loss of CDK8 under oxidative stress conditions. Targeted analysis revealed that mutating FCP1 decreased Skn7 mRNA and protein levels as well as its association with target gene promoters but paradoxically increased the mRNA levels of Skn7-dependent oxidative stress-induced genes (TRX2 and TSA1) under basal and induced conditions. The latter was in part recapitulated via chemical inhibition of transcription in WT cells, suggesting that a combination of transcriptional and posttranscriptional effects underscored the increased mRNA levels of TRX2 and TSA1 observed in the fcp1 mutant. Interestingly, loss of CDK8 robustly normalized the mRNA levels of Skn7-dependent genes in the fcp1 mutant background and also increased Skn7 protein levels by preventing its turnover. As such, our work suggested that loss of CDK8 could overcome transcriptional and/or posttranscriptional alterations in the fcp1 mutant through its regulatory effect on Skn7. Furthermore, our work also implicated FCP1 and CDK8 in the broader response to environmental stressors in yeast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Aristizabal
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada.,Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - Kristy Dever
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Gian Luca Negri
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver V5Z 1L3, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mary Shen
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Nicole Hawe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Epigenetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joris J Benschop
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank C P Holstege
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Ivan Sadowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Epigenetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Park CJ, Park JM. Endoplasmic Reticulum Plays a Critical Role in Integrating Signals Generated by Both Biotic and Abiotic Stress in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:399. [PMID: 31019523 PMCID: PMC6458287 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Most studies of environmental adaptations in plants have focused on either biotic or abiotic stress factors in an attempt to understand the defense mechanisms of plants against individual stresses. However, in the natural ecosystem, plants are simultaneously exposed to multiple stresses. Stress-tolerant crops developed in translational studies based on a single stress often fail to exhibit the expected traits in the field. To adapt to abiotic stress, recent studies have identified the need for interactions of plants with various microorganisms. These findings highlight the need to understand the multifaceted interactions of plants with biotic and abiotic stress factors. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle that links various stress responses. To gain insight into the molecular integration of biotic and abiotic stress responses in the ER, we focused on the interactions of plants with RNA viruses. This interaction points toward the relevance of ER in viral pathogenicity as well as plant responses. In this mini review, we explore the molecular crosstalk between biotic and abiotic stress signaling through the ER by elaborating ER-mediated signaling in response to RNA viruses and abiotic stresses. Additionally, we summarize the results of a recent study on phytohormones that induce ER-mediated stress response. These studies will facilitate the development of multi-stress-tolerant transgenic crops in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jin Park
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Chang-Jin Park,
| | - Jeong Mee Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
- Jeong Mee Park,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhu J, Liu M, Liu X, Dong Z. RNA polymerase II activity revealed by GRO-seq and pNET-seq in Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:1112-1123. [PMID: 30374093 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
RNA polymerase II (Pol II) plays an essential role in gene expression. We used plant native elongating transcript sequencing and global run-on sequencing to profile nascent RNAs genome wide in Arabidopsis. We found that Pol II tends to accumulate downstream of the transcription start site (TSS). Moreover, Pol II with an unphosphorylated carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) mainly accumulates downstream of the TSS, while Pol II with a Ser 5P CTD associates with spliceosomes, and Pol II with a Ser 2P CTD presents a sharp peak within 250 base pairs downstream of the polyadenylation site (PAS). Pol II pausing both at promoter-proximal regions and after PAS affects the transcription rate. Interestingly, active genes can be classified into three clusters based on the different modes of transcription. We demonstrate that these two methods are suitable to study Pol II dynamics in planta. Although transcription is conserved overall within eukaryotes, there is plant-specific regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiafu Zhu
- Plant Gene Engineering Centre, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Plant Gene Engineering Centre, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaobin Liu
- Plant Gene Engineering Centre, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Dong
- Plant Gene Engineering Centre, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The Arabidopsis RNA Polymerase II Carboxyl Terminal Domain (CTD) Phosphatase-Like1 (CPL1) is a biotic stress susceptibility gene. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13454. [PMID: 30194343 PMCID: PMC6128934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop breeding for improved disease resistance may be achieved through the manipulation of host susceptibility genes. Previously we identified multiple Arabidopsis mutants known as enhanced stress response1 (esr1) that have defects in a KH-domain RNA-binding protein and conferred increased resistance to the root fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Here, screening the same mutagenized population we discovered two further enhanced stress response mutants that also conferred enhanced resistance to F. oxysporum. These mutants also have enhanced resistance to a leaf fungal pathogen (Alternaria brassicicola) and an aphid pest (Myzus persicae), but not to the bacterial leaf pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. The causal alleles in these mutants were found to have defects in the ESR1 interacting protein partner RNA Polymerase II Carboxyl Terminal Domain (CTD) Phosphatase-Like1 (CPL1) and subsequently given the allele symbols cpl1-7 and cpl1-8. These results define a new role for CPL1 as a pathogen and pest susceptibility gene. Global transcriptome analysis and oxidative stress assays showed these cpl1 mutants have increased tolerance to oxidative stress. In particular, components of biotic stress responsive pathways were enriched in cpl1 over wild-type up-regulated gene expression datasets including genes related to defence, heat shock proteins and oxidative stress/redox state processes.
Collapse
|
14
|
Duffy EE, Canzio D, Maniatis T, Simon MD. Solid phase chemistry to covalently and reversibly capture thiolated RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:6996-7005. [PMID: 29986098 PMCID: PMC6101502 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe an approach to enrich newly transcribed RNAs from primary mouse neurons using 4-thiouridine (s4U) metabolic labeling and solid phase chemistry. This one-step enrichment procedure captures s4U-RNA by using highly efficient methane thiosulfonate (MTS) chemistry in an immobilized format. Like solution-based methods, this solid-phase enrichment can distinguish mature RNAs (mRNA) with differential stability, and can be used to reveal transient RNAs such as enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) and primary microRNAs (pri-miRNAs) from short metabolic labeling. Most importantly, the efficiency of this solid-phase chemistry made possible the first large scale measurements of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) elongation rates in mouse cortical neurons. Thus, our approach provides the means to study regulation of RNA metabolism in specific tissue contexts as a means to better understand gene expression in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Duffy
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Daniele Canzio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tom Maniatis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matthew D Simon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Qi Y, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Gao J, Guan Z, Fang W, Chen S, Chen F, Jiang J. The over-expression of a chrysanthemum gene encoding an RNA polymerase II CTD phosphatase-like 1 enzyme enhances tolerance to heat stress. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:37. [PMID: 29977573 PMCID: PMC6026497 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme RNAPII CTD phosphatase-like 1 is known as a transcriptional regulator of the plant response to various abiotic stresses. Here, the isolation of CmCPL1, a chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) gene encoding this enzyme is described. Its predicted 955 residue gene product includes the FCPH catalytic domain, two double-stranded RNA binding motifs, and a nuclear localization signal. A sub-cellular localization assay confirmed that CmCPL1 was expressed in the nucleus. CmCPL1 transcription was shown to be significantly inducible by heat stress. The over-expression and knockdown of CmCPL1, respectively, increased and diminished the tolerance of chrysanthemum to heat stress, which maybe dependent on the regulation of CmCPL1 and on the expression of downstream heat stress-responsive genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Qi
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Zixin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Gao
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyong Guan
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Weimin Fang
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Feiguelman G, Fu Y, Yalovsky S. ROP GTPases Structure-Function and Signaling Pathways. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:57-79. [PMID: 29150557 PMCID: PMC5761820 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between receptor like kinases and guanyl nucleotide exchange factors together with identification of effector proteins reveal putative ROP GTPases signaling cascades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gil Feiguelman
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaul Yalovsky
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zheng ZL. Ras and Rho GTPase regulation of Pol II transcription: A shortcut model revisited. Transcription 2017; 8:268-274. [PMID: 28548879 DOI: 10.1080/21541264.2017.1321612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional control is critical in relaying signals mediated by Ras and Rho family small GTPases to effect gene expression. In the classical model, signaling components such as MAP kinase target sequence-specific transcription factors, which in turn recruit RNA polymerase (Pol) II holoenzyme to the promoter and activate transcription. Findings in recent years have led to the proposal of a shortcut model in which the Mediator components of the Pol II holoenzyme are regulated by signaling pathways. A very recent finding shows that an evolutionarily conserved Rho GTPase signaling pathway can directly modulate the Pol II C-terminal domain (CTD) phosphorylation by inhibiting the CTD phosphatase in yeast and Arabidopsis. This shortcut model allows direct targeting of the Pol II CTD code and thus has an advantage over the classical model in bringing about rapid, large-scale changes in gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Liang Zheng
- a Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College , City University of New York , Bronx , NY , USA.,b Plant Nutrient Signaling and Fruit Quality Improvement Laboratory, Citrus Research Institute , Southwest University , Beibei , Chongqing , China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Schepetilnikov M, Makarian J, Srour O, Geldreich A, Yang Z, Chicher J, Hammann P, Ryabova LA. GTPase ROP2 binds and promotes activation of target of rapamycin, TOR, in response to auxin. EMBO J 2017; 36:886-903. [PMID: 28246118 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Target of rapamycin (TOR) promotes reinitiation at upstream ORFs (uORFs) in genes that play important roles in stem cell regulation and organogenesis in plants. Here, we report that the small GTPase ROP2, if activated by the phytohormone auxin, promotes activation of TOR, and thus translation reinitiation of uORF-containing mRNAs. Plants with high levels of active ROP2, including those expressing constitutively active ROP2 (CA-ROP2), contain high levels of active TOR ROP2 physically interacts with and, when GTP-bound, activates TOR in vitro TOR activation in response to auxin is abolished in ROP-deficient rop2 rop6 ROP4 RNAi plants. GFP-TOR can associate with endosome-like structures in ROP2-overexpressing plants, indicating that endosomes mediate ROP2 effects on TOR activation. CA-ROP2 is efficient in loading uORF-containing mRNAs onto polysomes and stimulates translation in protoplasts, and both processes are sensitive to TOR inhibitor AZD-8055. TOR inactivation abolishes ROP2 regulation of translation reinitiation, but not its effects on cytoskeleton or intracellular trafficking. These findings imply a mode of translation control whereby, as an upstream effector of TOR, ROP2 coordinates TOR function in translation reinitiation pathways in response to auxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Schepetilnikov
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Joelle Makarian
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ola Srour
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Angèle Geldreich
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Johana Chicher
- Plateforme Proteómique Strasbourg-Esplanade, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, FRC 1589, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Hammann
- Plateforme Proteómique Strasbourg-Esplanade, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, FRC 1589, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lyubov A Ryabova
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|