1
|
Peters A, Gerdes LA, Wekerle H. Multiple sclerosis and the intestine: Chasing the microbial offender. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38809041 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects more than 2.8 million people worldwide but the distribution is not even. Although over 200 gene variants have been associated with susceptibility, studies of genetically identical monozygotic twin pairs suggest that the genetic make-up is responsible for only about 20%-30% of the risk to develop disease, while the rest is contributed by milieu factors. Recently, a new, unexpected player has entered the ranks of MS-triggering or facilitating elements: the human gut microbiota. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge of microbial effects on formation of a pathogenic autoreactive immune response targeting the distant central nervous system and delineate the approaches, both in people with MS and in MS animal models, which have led to this concept. Finally, we propose that a tight combination of investigations of human patients with studies of suitable animal models is the best strategy to functionally characterize disease-associated microbiota and thereby contribute to deciphering pathogenesis of a complex human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Peters
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lisa Ann Gerdes
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Hartmut Wekerle
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jank L, Bhargava P. Relationship Between Multiple Sclerosis, Gut Dysbiosis, and Inflammation: Considerations for Treatment. Neurol Clin 2024; 42:55-76. [PMID: 37980123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is associated with gut dysbiosis, marked by changes in the relative abundances of specific microbes, circulating gut-derived metabolites, and altered gut permeability. This gut dysbiosis promotes disease pathology by increasing circulating proinflammatory bacterial factors, reducing tolerogenic factors, inducing molecular mimicry, and changing microbial nutrient metabolism. Beneficial antiinflammatory effects of the microbiome can be harnessed in therapeutic interventions. In the future, it is essential to assess the efficacy of these therapies in randomized controlled clinical trials to help make dietary and gut dysbiosis management an integral part of multiple sclerosis care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Jank
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 6-144, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Pavan Bhargava
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 6-144, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lehman PC, Ghimire S, Price JD, Ramer-Tait AE, Mangalam AK. Diet-microbiome-immune interplay in multiple sclerosis: Understanding the impact of phytoestrogen metabolizing gut bacteria. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250236. [PMID: 37673213 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and progressive autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to the pathobiology of the disease. Although HLA genes have emerged as the strongest genetic factor linked to MS, consensus on the environmental risk factors is lacking. Recently, the gut microbiota has garnered increasing attention as a potential environmental factor in MS, as mounting evidence suggests that individuals with MS exhibit microbial dysbiosis (changes in the gut microbiome). Thus, there has been a strong emphasis on understanding the role of the gut microbiome in the pathobiology of MS, specifically, factors regulating the gut microbiota and the mechanism(s) through which gut microbes may contribute to MS. Among all factors, diet has emerged to have the strongest influence on the composition and function of gut microbiota. As MS patients lack gut bacteria capable of metabolizing dietary phytoestrogen, we will specifically discuss the role of a phytoestrogen diet and phytoestrogen metabolizing gut bacteria in the pathobiology of MS. A better understanding of these mechanisms will help to harness the enormous potential of the gut microbiota as potential therapeutics to treat MS and other autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Lehman
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pathology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sudeep Ghimire
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Price
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Amanda E Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Ashutosh K Mangalam
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pathology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yadav SK, Ito K, Dhib-Jalbut S. Interaction of the Gut Microbiome and Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis: Impact of Diet and Immune Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14756. [PMID: 37834203 PMCID: PMC10572709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional communication between the gut and central nervous system (CNS) through microbiota is known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The brain, through the enteric neural innervation and the vagus nerve, influences the gut physiological activities (motility, mucin, and peptide secretion), as well as the development of the mucosal immune system. Conversely, the gut can influence the CNS via intestinal microbiota, its metabolites, and gut-homing immune cells. Growing evidence suggests that gut immunity is critically involved in gut-brain communication during health and diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The gut microbiota can influence the development and function of gut immunity, and conversely, the innate and adaptive mucosal immunity can influence microbiota composition. Gut and systemic immunity, along with gut microbiota, are perturbed in MS. Diet and disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) can affect the composition of the gut microbial community, leading to changes in gut and peripheral immunity, which ultimately affects MS. A high-fat diet is highly associated with gut dysbiosis-mediated inflammation and intestinal permeability, while a high-fiber diet/short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can promote the development of Foxp3 Tregs and improvement in intestinal barrier function, which subsequently suppress CNS autoimmunity in the animal model of MS (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis or EAE). This review will address the role of gut immunity and its modulation by diet and DMTs via gut microbiota during MS pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kumar Yadav
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (S.K.Y.); (K.I.)
| | - Kouichi Ito
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (S.K.Y.); (K.I.)
| | - Suhayl Dhib-Jalbut
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (S.K.Y.); (K.I.)
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Buga AM, Padureanu V, Riza AL, Oancea CN, Albu CV, Nica AD. The Gut-Brain Axis as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2023; 12:1872. [PMID: 37508537 PMCID: PMC10378521 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The CNS is very susceptible to oxidative stress; the gut microbiota plays an important role as a trigger of oxidative damage that promotes mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. In the current review, we discuss recent findings on oxidative-stress-related inflammation mediated by the gut-brain axis in multiple sclerosis (MS). Growing evidence suggests targeting gut microbiota can be a promising strategy for MS management. Intricate interaction between multiple factors leads to increased intra- and inter-individual heterogeneity, frequently painting a different picture in vivo from that obtained under controlled conditions. Following an evidence-based approach, all proposed interventions should be validated in clinical trials with cohorts large enough to reach significance. Our review summarizes existing clinical trials focused on identifying suitable interventions, the suitable combinations, and appropriate timings to target microbiota-related oxidative stress. Most studies assessed relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS); only a few studies with very limited cohorts were carried out in other MS stages (e.g., secondary progressive MS-SPMS). Future trials must consider an extended time frame, perhaps starting with the perinatal period and lasting until the young adult period, aiming to capture as many complex intersystem interactions as possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Buga
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Vlad Padureanu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania
| | - Anca-Lelia Riza
- Laboratory of Human Genomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania
- Regional Center for Medical Genetics Dolj, Emergency County Hospital Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania
| | - Carmen Nicoleta Oancea
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Carmen Valeria Albu
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Alexandru Dan Nica
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khlidj Y, Haireche MA. Schizophrenia as autoimmune disease: Involvement of Anti-NCAM antibodies. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 161:333-341. [PMID: 37001338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia has always been an unsolved puzzle for modern medicine. This seems to be due to both disease complexity and lack of sufficient knowledge regarding the biological and non-biological anomalies that exhibit schizophrenia subjects. However, dysregulated immunity is a commonly identified feature in affected individuals. Thus, recently, a hallmark study showed causality relationship between anti-NCAM antibodies and schizophrenia-related behaviors in mice. NCAM plays crucial role in neurodevelopment during early life and neuroplasticity against different stressors during adulthood, and its dysfunction in schizophrenia is increasingly proven. The present review provides the main evidence that support the contribution of autoimmunity and NCAM abnormalities in the development of schizophrenia. Furthermore, it introduces five hypotheses that may explain the mechanism by which anti-NCAM antibodies are produced in the context of schizophrenia: (i) molecular mimicry, (ii) gut dysbiosis, (iii) viral infection, (iv) exposure to environmental pollutants, (v) and NCAM production anomalies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yehya Khlidj
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Plafker SM, Titcomb T, Zyla-Jackson K, Kolakowska A, Wahls T. Overview of diet and autoimmune demyelinating optic neuritis: a narrative review. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM (SURREY, ENGLAND)) 2023; 5:e00022. [PMID: 37128292 PMCID: PMC10144304 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the cellular and molecular underpinnings of autoimmune demyelinating optic neuritis (ADON), a common sequela of multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases. We further present nutritional interventions tested for people with multiple sclerosis focusing on strategies that have shown efficacy or associations with disease course and clinical outcomes. We then close by discuss the potential dietary guidance for preventing and/or ameliorating ADON.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Plafker
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- *Correspondence: Scott M. Plafker, E-mail:
| | - Tyler Titcomb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Katarzyna Zyla-Jackson
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Aneta Kolakowska
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Terry Wahls
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tian Q, Zhang T, Wang L, Ma J, Sun X. Gut dysbiosis contributes to chlamydial induction of hydrosalpinx in the upper genital tract. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1142283. [PMID: 37125189 PMCID: PMC10133527 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1142283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common sexually infections that cause infertility, and its genital infection induces tubal adhesion and hydrosalpinx. Intravaginal Chlamydia muridarum infection in mice can induce hydrosalpinx in the upper genital tract and it has been used for studying C. trachomatis pathogenicity. DBA2/J strain mice were known to be resistant to the chlamydial induction of hydrosalpinx. In this study, we took advantage of this feature of DBA2/J mice to evaluate the role of antibiotic induced dysbiosis in chlamydial pathogenicity. Antibiotics (vancomycin and gentamicin) were orally administrated to induce dysbiosis in the gut of DBA2/J mice. The mice with or without antibiotic treatment were evaluated for gut and genital dysbiosis and then intravaginally challenged by C. muridarum. Chlamydial burden was tested and genital pathologies were evaluated. We found that oral antibiotics significantly enhanced chlamydial induction of genital hydrosalpinx. And the antibiotic treatment induced severe dysbiosis in the GI tract, including significantly reduced fecal DNA and increased ratios of firmicutes over bacteroidetes. The oral antibiotic did not alter chlamydial infection or microbiota in the mouse genital tracts. Our study showed that the oral antibiotics-enhanced hydrosalpinx correlated with dysbiosis in gut, providing the evidence for associating gut microbiome with chlamydial genital pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Birth Defect Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Tian,
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- Key Lab of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Tianyuan Zhang,
| | - Luying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingyue Ma
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Esposito P, Gandelman M, Rodriguez C, Liang J, Ismail N. The acute effects of antimicrobials and lipopolysaccharide on the cellular mechanisms associated with neurodegeneration in pubertal male and female CD1 mice. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 26:100543. [PMID: 36345322 PMCID: PMC9636049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to stressors during puberty can cause enduring effects on brain functioning and behaviours related to neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. The gut microbiome is a complex and dynamic system that could serve as a possible mechanism through which early life stress may increase the predisposition to neurodegeneration. Therefore, the current study was designed to examine the acute effects of pubertal antimicrobial and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatments on the cellular mechanisms associated with neurodegenerative disorders in male and female mice. At five weeks of age, male and female CD-1 mice received 200 μL of broad-spectrum antimicrobials or water, through oral gavage, twice daily for seven days. Mice received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of either saline or LPS at 6 weeks of age (i.e., pubertal period). Sickness behaviours were recorded and mice were euthanized 8 h post-injection. Following euthanasia, brains and blood samples were collected. The results indicated that puberal antimicrobial and LPS treatment induced sex-dependent changes in biomarkers related to sickness behaviour, peripheral inflammation, intestinal permeability, and neurodegeneration. The findings suggest that pubertal LPS and antimicrobial treatment may increase susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases later in life, particularly in males. Pubertal antimicrobial and LPS treatment increase cytokine concentrations. Antimicrobial and LPS treatment have sex-specific effects on intestinal permeability. They also induce sex-specific changes in neurodegenerative markers. Antimicrobial treatment did not potentiate LPS-induced sickness behaviours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Esposito
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Michelle Gandelman
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Cloudia Rodriguez
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jacky Liang
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada,Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada,Corresponding author. 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier Vanier Hall, Room 2076A, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yadav SK, Ito N, Mindur JE, Kumar H, Youssef M, Suresh S, Kulkarni R, Rosario Y, Balashov KE, Dhib-Jalbut S, Ito K. Fecal Lcn-2 level is a sensitive biological indicator for gut dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation in multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1015372. [PMID: 36341389 PMCID: PMC9634083 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1015372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has been reported to be associated with intestinal inflammation and gut dysbiosis. To elucidate the underlying biology of MS-linked gut inflammation, we investigated gut infiltration of immune cells during the development of spontaneous experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in humanized transgenic (Tg) mice expressing HLA-DR2a and human T cell receptor (TCR) specific for myelin basic protein peptide (MBP87-99)/HLA-DR2a complexes. Strikingly, we noted the simultaneous development of EAE and colitis, suggesting a link between autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) and intestinal inflammation. Examination of the colon in these mice revealed the infiltration of MBP-specific Th17 cells as well as recruitment of neutrophils. Furthermore, we observed that fecal Lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2), a biomarker of intestinal inflammation, was significantly elevated and predominantly produced by the gut-infiltrating neutrophils. We then extended our findings to MS patients and demonstrate that their fecal Lcn-2 levels are significantly elevated compared to healthy donors (HDs). The elevation of fecal Lcn-2 levels correlated with reduced bacterial diversity and increased levels of other intestinal inflammation markers including neutrophil elastase and calprotectin. Of interest, bacteria thought to be beneficial for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as Anaerobutyricum, Blautia, and Roseburia, were reduced in fecal Lcn-2-high MS patients. We also observed a decreasing trend in serum acetate (a short-chain fatty acid) levels in MS Lcn-2-high patients compared to HDs. Furthermore, a decrease in the relative abundance of Blautia massiliensis was significantly associated with a reduction of acetate in the serum of MS patients. This study suggests that gut infiltration of Th17 cells and recruitment of neutrophils are associated with the development of gut dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation, and that fecal Lcn-2 level is a sensitive biological indicator for gut dysbiosis in multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir K. Yadav
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Naoko Ito
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - John E. Mindur
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Hetal Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Mysra Youssef
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Shradha Suresh
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Ratuja Kulkarni
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Yaritza Rosario
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Konstantin E. Balashov
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Suhayl Dhib-Jalbut
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Kouichi Ito
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Singh AA, Kharwar A, Dandekar MP. A Review on Preclinical Models of Ischemic Stroke: Insights Into the Pathomechanisms and New Treatment Strategies. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1667-1686. [PMID: 34493185 PMCID: PMC9881062 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210907092928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a serious neurovascular problem and the leading cause of disability and death worldwide. The disrupted demand to supply ratio of blood and glucose during cerebral ischemia develops hypoxic shock, and subsequently necrotic neuronal death in the affected regions. Multiple causal factors like age, sex, race, genetics, diet, and lifestyle play an important role in the occurrence as well as progression of post-stroke deleterious events. These biological and environmental factors may be contributed to vasculature variable architecture and abnormal neuronal activity. Since recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the only clinically effective clot bursting drug, there is a huge unmet medical need for newer therapies for the treatment of stroke. Innumerous therapeutic interventions have shown promise in the experimental models of stroke but failed to translate it into clinical counterparts. METHODS Original publications regarding pathophysiology, preclinical experimental models, new targets and therapies targeting ischemic stroke have been reviewed since the 1970s. RESULTS We highlighted the critical underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral stroke and preclinical stroke models. We discuss the strengths and caveats of widely used ischemic stroke models, and commented on the potential translational problems. We also describe the new emerging treatment strategies, including stem cell therapy, neurotrophic factors and gut microbiome-based therapy for the management of post-stroke consequences. CONCLUSION There are still many inter-linked pathophysiological alterations with regards to stroke, animal models need not necessarily mimic the same conditions of stroke pathology and newer targets and therapies are the need of the hour in stroke research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya A. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, TS 500037, India
| | - Akash Kharwar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, TS 500037, India
| | - Manoj P. Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, TS 500037, India,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, TS 500037, India; Tel: +91-40-23074750; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Y, Wei J, Zhang W, Doherty M, Zhang Y, Xie H, Li W, Wang N, Lei G, Zeng C. Gut dysbiosis in rheumatic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 92 observational studies. EBioMedicine 2022; 80:104055. [PMID: 35594658 PMCID: PMC9120231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence suggests that dysbiosis in gut microbiota may contribute to the occurrence or development of several rheumatic diseases. Since gut microbiota dysbiosis is potentially modifiable, it has been postulated to be a promising preventive or therapeutic target for rheumatic diseases. However, the current understanding on the potential associations between gut microbiota and rheumatic diseases is still inadequate. Therefore, we aimed to synthesise the accumulating evidence for the relation of gut microbiota to rheumatic diseases. Methods The PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to March 11, 2022 to include observational studies evaluating the associations between gut microbiota and rheumatic diseases. Standardised mean difference (SMD) of α-diversity indices between rheumatic diseases and controls were estimated using random-effects model. β-diversity indices and relative abundance of gut microbes were summarised qualitatively. Findings Of the included 92 studies (11,998 participants), 68 provided data for α-diversity. Taken together as a whole, decreases in α-diversity indices were consistently found in rheumatic diseases (observed species: SMD = −0.36, [95%CI = −0.63, −0.09]; Chao1: SMD = −0.57, [95%CI = −0.88, −0.26]; Shannon index: SMD = −0.33, [95%CI = −0.48, −0.17]; Simpson index: SMD = −0.32, [95%CI = −0.49, −0.14]). However, when specific rheumatic diseases were examined, decreases were only observed in rheumatoid arthritis (observed species: SMD = −0.51, [95%CI = −0.78, −0.24]; Shannon index: SMD = −0.31, [95%CI = −0.49, −0.13]; Simpson index: SMD = −0.31, [95%CI = −0.54, −0.08]), systemic lupus erythematosus (Chao1: SMD = −1.60, [95%CI = −2.54, −0.66]; Shannon index: SMD = −0.63, [95%CI = −1.08, −0.18]), gout (Simpson index: SMD = −0.64, [95%CI = −1.07, −0.22]) and fibromyalgia (Simpson index: SMD = −0.28, [95%CI = −0.44, −0.11]), whereas an increase was observed in systemic sclerosis (Shannon index: SMD = 1.25, [95%CI = 0.09, 2.41]). Differences with statistical significance in β-diversity were consistently reported in ankylosing spondylitis and IgG4-related diseases. Although little evidence of disease specificity of gut microbes was found, shared alterations of the depletion of anti-inflammatory butyrate-producing microbe (i.e., Faecalibacterium) and the enrichment of pro-inflammatory microbe (i.e., Streptococcus) were observed in rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. Interpretation Gut microbiota dysbiosis was associated with rheumatic diseases, principally with potentially non-specific, shared alterations of microbes. Funding National Natural Science Foundation of China (81930071, 81902265, 82072502 and U21A20352).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, China
| | - Weiya Zhang
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Pain Centre Versus Arthritis UK, Nottingham, UK
| | - Michael Doherty
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Pain Centre Versus Arthritis UK, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; The Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Haibin Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Guanghua Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ucciferri CC, Dunn SE. Effect of puberty on the immune system: Relevance to multiple sclerosis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1059083. [PMID: 36533239 PMCID: PMC9755749 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1059083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Puberty is a dynamic period marked by changing levels of sex hormones, the development of secondary sexual characteristics and reproductive maturity. This period has profound effects on various organ systems, including the immune system. The critical changes that occur in the immune system during pubertal onset have been shown to have implications for autoimmune conditions, including Multiple Sclerosis (MS). MS is rare prior to puberty but can manifest in children after puberty. This disease also has a clear female preponderance that only arises following pubertal onset, highlighting a potential role for sex hormones in autoimmunity. Early onset of puberty has also been shown to be a risk factor for MS. The purpose of this review is to overview the evidence that puberty regulates MS susceptibility and disease activity. Given that there is a paucity of studies that directly evaluate the effects of puberty on the immune system, we also discuss how the immune system is different in children and mice of pre- vs. post-pubertal ages and describe how gonadal hormones may regulate these immune mechanisms. We present evidence that puberty enhances the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokine production by type 2 dendritic cells (DC2s) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), increases T helper 1 (Th1), Th17, and T follicular helper immunity, and promotes immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody production. Overall, this review highlights how the immune system undergoes a functional maturation during puberty, which has the potential to explain the higher prevalence of MS and other autoimmune diseases seen in adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C Ucciferri
- Department of Immunology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shannon E Dunn
- Department of Immunology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Farshbafnadi M, Agah E, Rezaei N. The second brain: The connection between gut microbiota composition and multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 360:577700. [PMID: 34482269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota composition may affect the central nervous system (CNS) and immune function. Several studies have recently examined the possible link between gut microbiota composition and multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Most of these studies agree that patients with MS suffer from dysbiosis. Moreover, an altered proportion of certain phyla of bacteria was detected in the digestive tracts of these patients compared to healthy individuals. This review article gathers information from research papers that have examined the relationship between gut microbiota composition and MS and its possible mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elmira Agah
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, NeuroImmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nicoletti F, Hammer L, Furtado S, Mangano K, Mathiowitz E, Green B, Auci DL. Oral Delivery of Encapsulated All-Trans Retinoic Acid Ameliorates Disease in Rodent Models of Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 28:455-465. [PMID: 34417826 PMCID: PMC8889276 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a biologically active isomer of retinoic acid (RA). Topical ATRA (retin-a, retin-a micro, atralin, renova, and avita) is the active pharmaceutical ingredient for FDA-approved treatments for acne and skin wrinkles. Oral formulations (Vesanoid) treat acute promyelocytic leukemia, but oral dosing can induce severe side effects. Despite benefits in various rodent models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), toxicity and controversial clinical observations have diminished enthusiasm for ATRA IBD clinical trials. To circumvent these issues and to use ATRA's key role in maintaining gut tolerance, we developed a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microsphere (MS) encapsulated ATRA formulation aimed at directing ATRA delivery to immune structures of the gut, limiting systemic exposure. Initially, ATRA MS was developed as a component of a combinatorial product (TreXTAM) that also contained encapsulated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and ATRA in a 1:2 w/w ratio. Although the combination was optimal, benefit was also observed when ATRA MS was given alone in the CD4+ CD25-T-cell adoptive transfer (ACT) colitis model. METHODS We used the ACT and DSS-induced murine models of colitis to expand on the dose-dependent effects of oral ATRA MS when given alone. The DSS model was also used to compare the efficacy of ATRA MS and soluble ATRA, while healthy animals were used to compare the pharmacokinetics of the two drugs. RESULTS In both the ACT and DSS-induced murine models of colitis, ATRA MS was observed to be effective in ameliorating disease. ATRA MS was also observed to be more effective than soluble ATRA in these models and displayed more favorable pharmacokinetics. CONCLUSIONS We suggest ATRA MS, as a standalone product, may attenuate IBD and perhaps limit fibrosis, while limiting systemic side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dominick L Auci
- Therapyx, Inc., Louisville, Kentucky, USA,Address correspondence to: Dominick L. Auci, PhD, Vice President, Research and Development, Therapyx, Inc., 2010 Cherokee Pkwy, Suite 2, Louisville, KY 40204, USA ()
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zeng W, Wu AG, Zhou XG, Khan I, Zhang RL, Lo HH, Qu LQ, Song LL, Yun XY, Wang HM, Chen J, Ng JPL, Ren F, Yuan SY, Yu L, Tang Y, Huang GX, Wong VKW, Chung SK, Mok SWF, Qin DL, Sun HL, Liu L, Hsiao WLW, Law BYK. Saponins isolated from Radix polygalae extent lifespan by modulating complement C3 and gut microbiota. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105697. [PMID: 34062240 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in human lifespan, population aging is one of the major problems worldwide. Aging is an irreversible progressive process that affects humans via multiple factors including genetic, immunity, cellular oxidation and inflammation. Progressive neuroinflammation contributes to aging, cognitive malfunction, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, precise mechanisms or drugs targeting age-related neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment remain un-elucidated. Traditional herbal plants have been prescribed in many Asian countries for anti-aging and the modulation of aging-related symptoms. In general, herbal plants' efficacy is attributed to their safety and polypharmacological potency via the systemic manipulation of the body system. Radix polygalae (RP) is a herbal plant prescribed for anti-aging and the relief of age-related symptoms; however, its active components and biological functions remained un-elucidated. In this study, an active methanol fraction of RP containing 17 RP saponins (RPS), was identified. RPS attenuates the elevated C3 complement protein in aged mice to a level comparable to the young control mice. The active RPS also restates the aging gut microbiota by enhancing beneficial bacteria and suppressing harmful bacteria. In addition, RPS treatment improve spatial reference memory in aged mice, with the attenuation of multiple molecular markers related to neuroinflammation and aging. Finally, the RPS improves the behavior and extends the lifespan of C. elegans, confirming the herbal plant's anti-aging ability. In conclusion, through the mouse and C. elegas models, we have identified the beneficial RPS that can modulate the aging process, gut microbiota diversity and rectify several aging-related phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau; Department of Center for Neuro-metabolism and Regeneration Research, Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - An Guo Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Zhou
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Imran Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Rui Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Hang Hong Lo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Li Qun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Lin Lin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Xiao Yun Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Hui Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Juan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jerome P L Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Fang Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Si Yu Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau; Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guo Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Sookja Kim Chung
- Department of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Simon Wing Fai Mok
- Department of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Da Lian Qin
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hua Lin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.
| | - W L Wendy Hsiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.
| | - Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fleck AK, Hucke S, Teipel F, Eschborn M, Janoschka C, Liebmann M, Wami H, Korn L, Pickert G, Hartwig M, Wirth T, Herold M, Koch K, Falk-Paulsen M, Dobrindt U, Kovac S, Gross CC, Rosenstiel P, Trautmann M, Wiendl H, Schuppan D, Kuhlmann T, Klotz L. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid links reduced intestinal inflammation to amelioration of CNS autoimmunity. Brain 2021; 144:1152-1166. [PMID: 33899089 PMCID: PMC8105041 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A close interaction between gut immune responses and distant organ-specific autoimmunity including the CNS in multiple sclerosis has been established in recent years. This so-called gut–CNS axis can be shaped by dietary factors, either directly or via indirect modulation of the gut microbiome and its metabolites. Here, we report that dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid, a mixture of linoleic acid isomers, ameliorates CNS autoimmunity in a spontaneous mouse model of multiple sclerosis, accompanied by an attenuation of intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammation as well as an increase in intestinal myeloid-derived suppressor-like cells. Protective effects of dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid were not abrogated upon microbiota eradication, indicating that the microbiome is dispensable for these conjugated linoleic acid-mediated effects. Instead, we observed a range of direct anti-inflammatory effects of conjugated linoleic acid on murine myeloid cells including an enhanced IL10 production and the capacity to suppress T-cell proliferation. Finally, in a human pilot study in patients with multiple sclerosis (n = 15, under first-line disease-modifying treatment), dietary conjugated linoleic acid-supplementation for 6 months significantly enhanced the anti-inflammatory profiles as well as functional signatures of circulating myeloid cells. Together, our results identify conjugated linoleic acid as a potent modulator of the gut–CNS axis by targeting myeloid cells in the intestine, which in turn control encephalitogenic T-cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Fleck
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hucke
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Flavio Teipel
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Melanie Eschborn
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Claudia Janoschka
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marie Liebmann
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Haleluya Wami
- Institute for Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lisanne Korn
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Geethanjali Pickert
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marvin Hartwig
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Timo Wirth
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Herold
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Koch
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maren Falk-Paulsen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dobrindt
- Institute for Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stjepana Kovac
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Catharina C Gross
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marcel Trautmann
- Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fettig NM, Osborne LC. Direct and indirect effects of microbiota-derived metabolites on neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis. Microbes Infect 2021; 23:104814. [PMID: 33775860 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are highly influenced by changes in the microbiota and of microbiota-derived metabolites, including short chain fatty acids, bile acids, and tryptophan derivatives. This review will discuss the effects of microbiota-derived metabolites on neuroinflammation driven by central nervous system-resident cells and peripheral immune cells, and their influence on outcomes of EAE and MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi M Fettig
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lisa C Osborne
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Immunoregulatory Effects of Tolerogenic Probiotics in Multiple Sclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1286:87-105. [PMID: 33725347 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55035-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota has essential roles in the prevention and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). The association between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system (CNS) or immune system response of MS patients has been documented in many studies. The composition of the gut microbiota could lead to sensitization or resistance against promotion and development of MS disease. Probiotics are the major part of gut microflorapopulation and could be substituted with tolerogenic probiotics that protect the CNS against autoimmune responses. Tolerogenic probiotics with anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory properties have effects on intestinal flora and can reestablish regulatory mucosal and systemic immune responses. Probiotics are able to prevent and restore excessive activation of inflammatory responses, especially autoreactive T cells and inflammatory cytokines. Tolerogenic probiotics, through induction of regulatory T cells and increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines, play a crucial role in controlling inflammation and maintaining tolerance and hemostasis. Therefore, probiotics can be considered as a preventive or therapeutic tool in MS. In the present review, we focus on the immunoregulatory effects of tolerogenic probiotics on the severity of disease, as well as Th1, Th2, and Treg populations in different experimental and human studies of MS.
Collapse
|
20
|
Chitnis T, Aaen G, Belman A, Benson L, Gorman M, Goyal MS, Graves JS, Harris Y, Krupp L, Lotze T, Mar S, Ness J, Rensel M, Schreiner T, Tillema JM, Waubant E, Weinstock-Guttman B, Roalstad S, Rose J, Weiner HL, Casper TC, Rodriguez M. Improved relapse recovery in paediatric compared to adult multiple sclerosis. Brain 2021; 143:2733-2741. [PMID: 32810215 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Incomplete relapse recovery contributes to disability accrual and earlier onset of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. We sought to investigate the effect of age on relapse recovery. We identified patients with multiple sclerosis from two longitudinal prospective studies, with an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score within 30 days after onset of an attack, and follow-up EDSS 6 months after attack. Adult patients with multiple sclerosis (n = 632) were identified from the Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigations in Multiple Sclerosis at Brigham study (CLIMB), and paediatric patients (n = 132) from the US Network of Paediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centers (NPMSC) registry. Change in EDSS was defined as the difference in EDSS between attack and follow-up. Change in EDSS at follow-up compared to baseline was significantly lower in children compared to adults (P = 0.001), as were several functional system scores. Stratification by decade at onset for change in EDSS versus age found for every 10 years of age, EDSS recovery is reduced by 0.15 points (P < 0.0001). A larger proportion of children versus adults demonstrated improvement in EDSS following an attack (P = 0.006). For every 10 years of age, odds of EDSS not improving increase by 1.33 times (P < 0.0001). Younger age is associated with improved recovery from relapses. Age-related mechanisms may provide novel therapeutic targets for disability accrual in multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanuja Chitnis
- Partners Paediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Greg Aaen
- Paediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Anita Belman
- Paediatric MS Center at NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leslie Benson
- Paediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program at Boston Children's Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Mark Gorman
- Paediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program at Boston Children's Hospital, MA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer S Graves
- Paediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yolanda Harris
- UAB Center for Paediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lauren Krupp
- Paediatric MS Center at NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy Lotze
- The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Soe Mar
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jayne Ness
- UAB Center for Paediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mary Rensel
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Teri Schreiner
- Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jan-Mendelt Tillema
- Mayo Clinic Paediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- Paediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- Jacobs Paediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shelly Roalstad
- Data Coordinating and Analysis Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John Rose
- Data Coordinating and Analysis Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Partners MS Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Charles Casper
- Data Coordinating and Analysis Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Moses Rodriguez
- Mayo Clinic Paediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Asakly S, Magen-Rimon R, Ighbariya A, Marjih-Shallufi M, Ben-Porat T, Ravid S, Eran A, Gepstein V, Hanna S, Weiss R. Bariatric Surgery-Associated Myelopathy. Obes Facts 2021; 14:431-439. [PMID: 34311464 PMCID: PMC8406245 DOI: 10.1159/000515374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is gaining acceptance as an efficient treatment modality for adults and adolescents with morbid obesity. The early postbariatric period has the potential to induce an immunomodulatory imbalance due to the development or worsening of nutritional deficiencies, changes in hormonal balance (specifically after sleeve gastrectomy), and a shift in the proinflammatory cytokine profile along with a major change in the gut microbiome and permeability. These changes may induce encephalomyelitic T cell activity, change neural barrier permeability, and induce gut dysbioisis, favoring a proinflammatory metabolic profile. Such changes, in genetically prone individuals or those with additional risk factors, may lead to the development of myelopathy, particularly MS. Key Message: Postbariatric myelopathy is rare but should be considered in bariatric patients with relevant complaints in the postoperative period.
Collapse
|
22
|
Mindur JE, Yadav SK, Ito N, Senoh M, Kato H, Dhib-Jalbut S, Ito K. Surface Layer Protein A Expressed in Clostridioides difficile DJNS06-36 Possesses an Encephalitogenic Mimotope of Myelin Basic Protein. Microorganisms 2020; 9:microorganisms9010034. [PMID: 33374217 PMCID: PMC7824458 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies suggest that migration of Th1 and Th17 cells specific for enteric bacteria from the gut to the CNS may lead to the initiation and/or exacerbation of autoimmune diseases including MS. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR15 is an MHC class II (MHCII) haplotype highly associated with the development of MS that contains the two HLA-DRB* genes, DRB1*1501 (DR2b) and DRB5*0101 (DR2a). To identify enteric bacteria which harbor antigenic epitopes that activate myelin-specific T cells and drive CNS inflammation, we screened for enteric bacteria which express cross-reactive epitopes ('mimotopes') of an immunodominant myelin basic protein 89-98 (MBP89-98) epitope. Based on known MHCII HLA-DR2a amino acid binding motifs and cultivation with splenic T cells isolated from MBP-T cell receptor (TCR)/DR2a transgenic (Tg) mice, we discovered that a certain variant of surface layer protein A (SLPA), which is expressed by a subtype of Clostridioides difficile, contains an amino acid sequence that activates MBP89-98-reactive T cells. Furthermore, activation of MBP-specific T cells by SLPA upon active immunization induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in MBP-TCR/DR2a Tg mice. This study suggests that a unique strain of C. difficile possesses an encephalitogenic mimotope of MBP that activates autoreactive, myelin-specific T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John E. Mindur
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (J.E.M.); (S.K.Y.); (N.I.); (S.D.-J.)
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sudhir K. Yadav
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (J.E.M.); (S.K.Y.); (N.I.); (S.D.-J.)
| | - Naoko Ito
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (J.E.M.); (S.K.Y.); (N.I.); (S.D.-J.)
| | - Mitsutoshi Senoh
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-001, Japan; (M.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Haru Kato
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-001, Japan; (M.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Suhayl Dhib-Jalbut
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (J.E.M.); (S.K.Y.); (N.I.); (S.D.-J.)
| | - Kouichi Ito
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (J.E.M.); (S.K.Y.); (N.I.); (S.D.-J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-732-235-5482
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Alzheimer's Disease: Neuroinflammation Is to Blame? Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010037. [PMID: 33374235 PMCID: PMC7824474 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For years, it has been reported that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Various external and internal factors may contribute to the early onset of AD. This review highlights a contribution of the disturbances in the microbiota–gut–brain (MGB) axis to the development of AD. Alteration in the gut microbiota composition is determined by increase in the permeability of the gut barrier and immune cell activation, leading to impairment in the blood–brain barrier function that promotes neuroinflammation, neuronal loss, neural injury, and ultimately AD. Numerous studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in brain function and changes in the behavior of individuals and the formation of bacterial amyloids. Lipopolysaccharides and bacterial amyloids synthesized by the gut microbiota can trigger the immune cells residing in the brain and can activate the immune response leading to neuroinflammation. Growing experimental and clinical data indicate the prominent role of gut dysbiosis and microbiota–host interactions in AD. Modulation of the gut microbiota with antibiotics or probiotic supplementation may create new preventive and therapeutic options in AD. Accumulating evidences affirm that research on MGB involvement in AD is necessary for new treatment targets and therapies for AD.
Collapse
|
24
|
Pancreatic Diseases and Microbiota: A Literature Review and Future Perspectives. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113535. [PMID: 33139601 PMCID: PMC7692447 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota represent an interesting worldwide research area. Several studies confirm that microbiota has a key role in human diseases, both intestinal (such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, intestinal infectious diseases, irritable bowel syndrome) and extra intestinal disorders (such as autism, multiple sclerosis, rheumatologic diseases). Nowadays, it is possible to manipulate microbiota by administering prebiotics, probiotics or synbiotics, through fecal microbiota transplantation in selected cases. In this scenario, pancreatic disorders might be influenced by gut microbiota and this relationship could be an innovative and inspiring field of research. However, data are still scarce and controversial. Microbiota manipulation could represent an important therapeutic strategy in the pancreatic diseases, in addition to standard therapies. In this review, we analyze current knowledge about correlation between gut microbiota and pancreatic diseases, by discussing on the one hand existing data and on the other hand future possible perspectives.
Collapse
|
25
|
Gerdes LA, Yoon H, Peters A. [Microbiota and multiple sclerosis]. DER NERVENARZT 2020; 91:1096-1107. [PMID: 33044577 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-020-01012-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system driven by autoreactive lymphocytes. Due to its close contact with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, the intestinal microbiota and/or their metabolites may be one of the factors that influence the activation of autoreactive lymphocytes. This article summarizes and discusses the current research efforts to characterize the microbiome of MS patients using human material. In addition, we present research studies that utilized classical or humanized animal models to determine the influence of certain microbiota species or compositions of microbiota on the immune system and disease progression and to define possible causal associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Gerdes
- Institut für Klinische Neuroimmunologie und Biomedizinisches Zentrum, LMU Klinikum München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Deutschland
| | - H Yoon
- Institut für Klinische Neuroimmunologie und Biomedizinisches Zentrum, LMU Klinikum München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Deutschland
| | - A Peters
- Institut für Klinische Neuroimmunologie und Biomedizinisches Zentrum, LMU Klinikum München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lu D, Huang Y, Kong Y, Tao T, Zhu X. Gut microecology: Why our microbes could be key to our health. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110784. [PMID: 33152942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body contains a large number of microorganisms, and the gut microecology environment contains the largest number and types of microorganisms. The structure and function of gut microbiota are closely related to the health of the human body. In a cascade of studies, the diversity of gut microbiota and its metabolite often found changed in patients or mice model. What kind of gut microbiota that associated with the occurrence or treatment of diseases were also found in many studies. Gut microbiota and its products can affect the function of the human body. Short-chain fatty acids, bile acid, indoles and so on were found can regulate the inflammation, immune response to affect the process of diseases. Immune cells like natural killer T cells, CD3 + T cells were also found had a link to gut microbiota which associated with diseases. Changes in gut microbiota are associated with changes in the body's major systems, such as the digestive system, the endocrine system, the cardiovascular system, the endocrine and metabolic system, the urinary system diseases, the respiratory system and so on. It is of great significance to study gut microecology for the prevention and treatment of various human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dihuan Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjian, 524023, China; The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Yongmei Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjian, 524023, China; The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430033, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255000, China.
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjian, 524023, China; The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Possible links between gut-microbiota and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders in children and adolescents. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:3391-3403. [PMID: 32918136 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An association between gut-microbiota and several neuropsychiatric conditions including autism, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been observed. Despite being the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents worldwide, the etiology and curative approaches to treatment of ADHD remain unclear. There is a probability that gut-microbiota may contribute to ADHD via bidirectional communication between the gut and brain, a system known as the "gut-brain axis". Although a mechanistic link in the gut-brain axis in ADHD has been proposed, there is still a lack of information about the correlation of the microbiome profile with the mechanisms involved. The objective of this review was to summarize the diversity of the gut-microbiota and taxonomic profiles in children and adolescents with ADHD. In this review, we have provided an overview of the association between ADHD and gut-microbiota. The evidence pertinent to potentially distinctive gut-microbiota in children and adolescents with ADHD is also discussed and compared to that of their non-ADHD peers. Finally, the implications and future directions for investigation into the gut microbiome in ADHD patients are proposed.
Collapse
|
28
|
Susukida T, Aoki S, Shirayanagi T, Yamada Y, Kuwahara S, Ito K. HLA transgenic mice: application in reproducing idiosyncratic drug toxicity. Drug Metab Rev 2020; 52:540-567. [PMID: 32847422 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2020.1800725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Various types of transgenic mice carrying either class I or II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules are readily available, and reports describing their use in a variety of studies have been published for more than 30 years. Examples of their use include the discovery of HLA-specific antigens against viral infection as well as the reproduction of HLA-mediated autoimmune diseases for the development of therapeutic strategies. Recently, HLA transgenic mice have been used to reproduce HLA-mediated idiosyncratic drug toxicity (IDT), a rare and unpredictable adverse drug reaction that can result in death. For example, abacavir-induced IDT has successfully been reproduced in HLA-B*57:01 transgenic mice. Several reports using HLA transgenic mice for IDT have proven the utility of this concept for the evaluation of IDT using various HLA allele combinations and drugs. It has become apparent that such models may be a valuable tool to investigate the mechanisms underlying HLA-mediated IDT. This review summarizes the latest findings in the area of HLA transgenic mouse models and discusses the current challenges that must be overcome to maximize the potential of this unique animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Susukida
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Immunology, Section of Host Defenses, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shirayanagi
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yushiro Yamada
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Saki Kuwahara
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kousei Ito
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Arteaga-Henríquez G, Rosales-Ortiz SK, Arias-Vásquez A, Bitter I, Ginsberg Y, Ibañez-Jimenez P, Kilencz T, Lavebratt C, Matura S, Reif A, Rethelyi J, Richarte V, Rommelse N, Siegl A, Ramos-Quiroga JA. Treating impulsivity with probiotics in adults (PROBIA): study protocol of a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:161. [PMID: 32046750 PMCID: PMC7014653 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-4040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity and compulsivity are related to emotional and social maladjustment and often underlie psychiatric disorders. Recently, alterations in microbiota composition have been shown to have implications for brain development and social behavior via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, the exact mechanisms are not fully identified. Recent evidence suggests the modulatory effect of synbiotics on gut microbiota and the contribution of these agents in ameliorating symptoms of many psychiatric diseases. To date, no randomized controlled trial has been performed to establish the feasibility and efficacy of this intervention targeting the reduction of impulsivity and compulsivity. We hypothesize that supplementation with synbiotics may be an effective treatment in adults with high levels of impulsivity and/or compulsivity. METHODS/DESIGN This is a prospective, multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial with two arms: treatment with a synbiotic formula versus placebo treatment. The primary outcome is the response rate at the end of the placebo-controlled phase (response defined as a Clinical Global Impression-Improvement Scale score of 1 or 2 = very much improved or much improved, plus a reduction in the Affective Reactivity Index total score of at least 30% compared with baseline). A total of 180 participants with highly impulsive behavior and a diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or borderline personality disorder, aged 18-65 years old, will be screened at three study centers. Secondary outcome measures, including changes in general psychopathology, ADHD symptoms, neurocognitive function, somatic parameters, physical activity, nutritional intake, and health-related quality of life, will be explored at assessments before, during, and at the end of the intervention. The effect of the intervention on genetics, microbiota, and several blood biomarkers will also be assessed. Gastrointestinal symptoms and somatic complaints will additionally be explored at 1-week follow-up. DISCUSSION This is the first randomized controlled trial to determine the effects of supplementation with synbiotics on reducing impulsive and compulsive behavior. This clinical trial can contribute to explaining the mechanisms involved in the crosstalk between the intestinal microbiome and the brain. If effects can be established by reducing impulsive and compulsive behavior, new cost-effective treatments might become available to these patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03495375. Registered on 26 February 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gara Arteaga-Henríquez
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Arias-Vásquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Istvan Bitter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ylva Ginsberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pol Ibañez-Jimenez
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Tünde Kilencz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silke Matura
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Janos Rethelyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vanesa Richarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nanda Rommelse
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Siegl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Michaud E, Mastrandrea C, Rochereau N, Paul S. Human Secretory IgM: An Elusive Player in Mucosal Immunity. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:141-156. [PMID: 31928913 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Secretory IgMs (SIgMs) were amongst the first identified immunoglobulins. However, their importance was not fully understood and recent advances have shown they play a key role in establishing and promoting commensal gut tolerance in mice and humans. The true interactions between SIgMs and the microbiota remain controversial and we aim to consolidate current knowledge in this review. Through comprehensive examination of SIgMs and their corresponding B cell secretors in several different pathological immunological contexts, we review the presumed role of these molecules in gut tolerance, inflammatory bowel diseases, and lung immunity. As SIgMs harbor a mostly tolerogenic function, we posit that their inclusion in further immunological research is paramount.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Michaud
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Nicolas Rochereau
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Healy LM, Yaqubi M, Ludwin S, Antel JP. Species differences in immune-mediated CNS tissue injury and repair: A (neuro)inflammatory topic. Glia 2019; 68:811-829. [PMID: 31724770 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems in the brain parenchyma and in the meningeal spaces contribute to physiologic functions and disease states in the central nervous system (CNS). Animal studies have demonstrated the involvement of immune constituents, along with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, in neural development and rare genetic disorders (e.g., colony stimulating factor 1 receptor [CSF1R] deficiency). Genome wide association studies suggest a comparable role of the immune system in humans. Although the CNS can be the target of primary autoimmune disorders, no current experimental model captures all of the features of the most common human disorder placed in this category, multiple sclerosis (MS). Such features include spontaneous onset, environmental contributions, and a recurrent/progressive disease course in a genetically predisposed host. Numerous therapeutic interventions related to antigen and cytokine specific therapies have demonstrated effectiveness in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model used to define principles underlying immune-mediated mechanisms in MS. Despite the similarities in the two diseases, most treatments used to ameliorate EAE have failed to translate to the human disease. As directly demonstrated in animal models and implicated by correlative studies in humans, adaptive and innate immune constituents within the systemic compartment and resident in the CNS contribute to the disease course of neurodegenerative and neurobehavioral disorders. The expanding knowledge of the molecular properties of glial cells provides increasing insights into species related variables. These variables affect glial bidirectional interactions with the immune system as well as their own production of "immune molecules" that mediate tissue injury and repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke M Healy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Moein Yaqubi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samuel Ludwin
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Buscarinu MC, Fornasiero A, Romano S, Ferraldeschi M, Mechelli R, Reniè R, Morena E, Romano C, Pellicciari G, Landi AC, Salvetti M, Ristori G. The Contribution of Gut Barrier Changes to Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1916. [PMID: 31555257 PMCID: PMC6724505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut barrier consists of several components, including the mucus layer, made of mucins and anti-bacterial molecule, the epithelial cells, connected by tight junction proteins, and a mixed population of cells involved in the interplay with microbes, such as M cells, elongations of “antigen presenting cells” dwelling the lamina propria, intraepithelial lymphocytes and Paneth cells secreting anti-bacterial peptides. Recently, the influence of intestinal permeability (IP) changes on organs far from gut has been investigated, and IP changes in multiple sclerosis (MS) have been described. A related topic is the microbiota dysfunction that underpins the development of neuroinflammation in animal models and human diseases, including MS. It becomes now of interest to better understand the mechanisms through which IP changes contribute to pathophysiology of neuroinflammation. The following aspects seem of relevance: studies on other biomarkers of IP alterations; the relationship with known risk factors for MS development, such as vitamin D deficiency; the link between blood brain barrier and gut barrier breakdown; the effects of IP increase on microbial translocation and microglial activation; the parallel patterns of IP and neuroimmune changes in MS and neuropsychiatric disorders, that afflict a sizable proportion of patients with MS. We will also discuss the therapeutic implications of IP changes, considering the impact of MS-modifying therapies on gut barrier, as well as potential approaches to enhance or protect IP homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Fornasiero
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Romano
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rosella Mechelli
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Reniè
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Morena
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Romano
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Pellicciari
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Chiara Landi
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mikó E, Kovács T, Sebő É, Tóth J, Csonka T, Ujlaki G, Sipos A, Szabó J, Méhes G, Bai P. Microbiome-Microbial Metabolome-Cancer Cell Interactions in Breast Cancer-Familiar, but Unexplored. Cells 2019; 8:E293. [PMID: 30934972 PMCID: PMC6523810 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death among women worldwide. Dysbiosis, an aberrant composition of the microbiome, characterizes breast cancer. In this review we discuss the changes to the metabolism of breast cancer cells, as well as the composition of the breast and gut microbiome in breast cancer. The role of the breast microbiome in breast cancer is unresolved, nevertheless it seems that the gut microbiome does have a role in the pathology of the disease. The gut microbiome secretes bioactive metabolites (reactivated estrogens, short chain fatty acids, amino acid metabolites, or secondary bile acids) that modulate breast cancer. We highlight the bacterial species or taxonomical units that generate these metabolites, we show their mode of action, and discuss how the metabolites affect mitochondrial metabolism and other molecular events in breast cancer. These metabolites resemble human hormones, as they are produced in a "gland" (in this case, the microbiome) and they are subsequently transferred to distant sites of action through the circulation. These metabolites appear to be important constituents of the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we discuss how bacterial dysbiosis interferes with breast cancer treatment through interfering with chemotherapeutic drug metabolism and availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edit Mikó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tünde Kovács
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Éva Sebő
- Kenézy Breast Center, Kenézy Gyula County Hospital, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Judit Tóth
- Kenézy Breast Center, Kenézy Gyula County Hospital, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Csonka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Gyula Ujlaki
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Adrienn Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Judit Szabó
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Meng X, Zhou HY, Shen HH, Lufumpa E, Li XM, Guo B, Li BZ. Microbe-metabolite-host axis, two-way action in the pathogenesis and treatment of human autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:455-475. [PMID: 30844549 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The role of microorganism in human diseases cannot be ignored. These microorganisms have evolved together with humans and worked together with body's mechanism to maintain immune and metabolic function. Emerging evidence shows that gut microbe and their metabolites open up new doors for the study of human response mechanism. The complexity and interdependence of these microbe-metabolite-host interactions are rapidly being elucidated. There are various changes of microbial levels in models or in patients of various autoimmune diseases (AIDs). In addition, the relevant metabolites involved in mechanism mainly include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), and polysaccharide A (PSA). Meanwhile, the interaction between microbes and host genes is also a factor that must be considered. It has been demonstrated that human microbes are involved in the development of a variety of AIDs, including organ-specific AIDs and systemic AIDs. At the same time, microbes or related products can be used to remodel body's response to alleviate or cure diseases. This review summarizes the latest research of microbes and their related metabolites in AIDs. More importantly, it highlights novel and potential therapeutics, including fecal microbial transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Nonetheless, exact mechanisms still remain elusive, and future research will focus on finding a specific strain that can act as a biomarker of an autoimmune disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Meng
- School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hao-Yue Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui-Hui Shen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Eniya Lufumpa
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Biao Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Bao-Zhu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Oral neonatal antibiotic treatment perturbs gut microbiota and aggravates central nervous system autoimmunity in Dark Agouti rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:918. [PMID: 30696913 PMCID: PMC6351648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been considered the essential element in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Antibiotics were administered orally to Dark Agouti (DA) rats early in their life with the aim of perturbing gut microbiota and investigating the effects of such intervention on the course of EAE. As a result, the diversity of the gut microbiota was reduced under the influence of antibiotics. Mainly, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were replaced by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, while decreased proportions of Clostridia and Bacilli classes were accompanied by an increase in Gamma-Proteobacteria in antibiotic-treated animals. Interestingly, a notable decrease in the Helicobacteraceae, Spirochaetaceae and Turicibacteriaceae was scored in antibiotic-treated groups. Also, levels of short chain fatty acids were reduced in the faeces of antibiotic-treated rats. Consequently, aggravation of EAE, paralleled with stronger immune response in lymph nodes draining the site of immunization, and increased inflammation within the CNS, were observed in antibiotic-treated DA rats. Thus, the alteration of gut microbiota leads to an escalation of CNS-directed autoimmunity in DA rats. The results of this study indicate that antibiotic use in early life may have subsequent unfavourable effects on the regulation of the immune system.
Collapse
|
37
|
Severance EG, Yolken RH. Deciphering microbiome and neuroactive immune gene interactions in schizophrenia. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 135:104331. [PMID: 30471416 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The body's microbiome represents an actively regulated network of novel mechanisms that potentially underlie the etiology and pathophysiology of a wide range of diseases. For complex brain disorders such as schizophrenia, understanding the cellular and molecular pathways that intersect the bidirectional gut-brain axis is anticipated to lead to new methods of treatment. The means by which the microbiome might differ across neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders are not known. Brain disorders as diverse as schizophrenia, major depression, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis appear to share a common pathology of an imbalanced community of commensal microbiota, often measured in terms of a leaky gut phenotype accompanied by low level systemic inflammation. While environmental factors associated with these disease states might contribute to intestinal pathologies, products from a perturbed microbiome may also directly promote specific signs, symptoms and etiologies of individual disorders. We hypothesize that in schizophrenia, it is the putatively unique susceptibility related to genes that modulate the immune system and the gut-brain pleiotropy of these genes which leads to a particularly neuropathological response when challenged by a microbiome in dysbiosis. Consequences from exposure to this dysbiosis may occur during pre- or post-natal time periods and thus may interfere with normal neurodevelopment in those who are genetically predisposed. Here, we review the evidence from the literature which supports the idea that the intersection of the microbiome and immune gene susceptibility in schizophrenia is relevant etiologically and for disease progression. Figuring prominently at both ends of the gut-brain axis and at points in between are proteins encoded by genes found in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), including select MHC as well as non-MHC complement pathway genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Severance
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Robert H Yolken
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fernandes R, Viana SD, Nunes S, Reis F. Diabetic gut microbiota dysbiosis as an inflammaging and immunosenescence condition that fosters progression of retinopathy and nephropathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:1876-1897. [PMID: 30287404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and life expectancy of diabetic patients fosters the worldwide prevalence of retinopathy and nephropathy, two major microvascular complications that have been difficult to treat with contemporary glucose-lowering medications. The gut microbiota (GM) has become a lively field research in the last years; there is a growing recognition that altered intestinal microbiota composition and function can directly impact the phenomenon of ageing and age-related disorders. In fact, human GM, envisaged as a potential source of novel therapeutics, strongly modulates host immunity and metabolism. It is now clear that gut dysbiosis and their products (e.g. p-cresyl sulfate, trimethylamine‑N‑oxide) dictate a secretory associated senescence phenotype and chronic low-grade inflammation, features shared in the physiological process of ageing ("inflammaging") as well as in T2DM ("metaflammation") and in its microvascular complications. This review provides an in-depth look on the crosstalk between GM, host immunity and metabolism. Further, it characterizes human GM signatures of elderly and T2DM patients. Finally, a comprehensive scrutiny of recent molecular findings (e.g. epigenetic changes) underlying causal relationships between GM dysbiosis and diabetic retinopathy/nephropathy complications is pinpointed, with the ultimate goal to unravel potential pathophysiological mechanisms that may be explored, in a near future, as personalized disease-modifying therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fernandes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, CNC.IBILI Consortium & CIBB Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia D Viana
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, CNC.IBILI Consortium & CIBB Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara Nunes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, CNC.IBILI Consortium & CIBB Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, CNC.IBILI Consortium & CIBB Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hart PH, Norval M, Byrne SN, Rhodes LE. Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation in the Modulation of Human Diseases. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2018; 14:55-81. [PMID: 30125148 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses primarily on the beneficial effects for human health of exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). UVR stimulates anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive pathways in skin that modulate psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and vitiligo; suppresses cutaneous lesions of graft-versus-host disease; and regulates some infection and vaccination outcomes. While polymorphic light eruption and the cutaneous photosensitivity of systemic lupus erythematosus are triggered by UVR, polymorphic light eruption also frequently benefits from UVR-induced immunomodulation. For systemic diseases such as multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, asthma, schizophrenia, autism, and cardiovascular disease, any positive consequences of UVR exposure are more speculative, but could occur through the actions of UVR-induced regulatory cells and mediators, including 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, interleukin-10, and nitric oxide. Reduced UVR exposure is a risk factor for the development of several inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune conditions, including diseases initiated in early life. This suggests that UVR-induced molecules can regulate cell maturation in developing organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prue H Hart
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6008, Australia;
| | - Mary Norval
- University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom;
| | - Scott N Byrne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; .,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Lesley E Rhodes
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, and Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pepelyayeva Y, Rastall DPW, Aldhamen YA, O'Connell P, Raehtz S, Alyaqoub FS, Blake MK, Raedy AM, Angarita AM, Abbas AM, Pereira-Hicks CN, Roosa SG, McCabe L, Amalfitano A. ERAP1 deficient mice have reduced Type 1 regulatory T cells and develop skeletal and intestinal features of Ankylosing Spondylitis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12464. [PMID: 30127455 PMCID: PMC6102283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a prototypical sero-negative autoimmune disease that affects millions worldwide. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) gene have been linked to AS via GWAS studies, however, the exact mechanism as to how ERAP1 contributes to pathogenesis of AS is not understood. We undertook µCT imaging and histologic analysis to evaluate bone morphology of the axial skeletons of ERAP1-/- mice and discovered the hallmark skeletal features of AS in these mice, including spinal ankylosis, osteoporosis, and spinal inflammation. We also confirmed the presence of spontaneous intestinal dysbiosis and increased susceptibility to Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in ERAP1-/- mice, however the transfer of healthy microbiota from wild type mice via cross-fostering experiments did not resolve the skeletal phenotypes of ERAP1-/- mice. Immunological analysis demonstrated that while ERAP1-/- mice had normal numbers of peripheral Foxp3+ Tregs, they had reduced numbers of both "Tr1-like" regulatory T cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells, which are important for Tr1 cell differentiation. Together, our data suggests that ERAP1-/- mice may serve as a useful animal model for studying pathogenesis of intestinal, skeletal, and immunological manifestations of Ankylosing Spondylitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Pepelyayeva
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - David P W Rastall
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Yasser A Aldhamen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Patrick O'Connell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Sandra Raehtz
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Fadel S Alyaqoub
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Maja K Blake
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ashley M Raedy
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ariana M Angarita
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Abdulraouf M Abbas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Cristiane N Pereira-Hicks
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Sarah G Roosa
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Laura McCabe
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Andrea Amalfitano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen Z, Chen S, Liu J. The role of T cells in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 169:1-23. [PMID: 30114440 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, different components of the brain's immune system may exert diverse effects on neuroinflammatory events in PD. The adaptive immune response, especially the T cell response, can trigger type 1 pro-inflammatory activities and suppress type 2 anti-inflammatory activities, eventually resulting in deregulated neuroinflammation and subsequent dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Additionally, studies have increasingly shown that therapies targeting T cells can alleviate neurodegeneration and motor behavior impairment in animal models of PD. Therefore, we conclude that abnormal T cell-mediated immunity is a fundamental pathological process that may be a promising translational therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichun Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ming X, Chen N, Ray C, Brewer G, Kornitzer J, Steer RA. A Gut Feeling: A Hypothesis of the Role of the Microbiome in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders. Child Neurol Open 2018; 5:2329048X18786799. [PMID: 30023407 PMCID: PMC6047248 DOI: 10.1177/2329048x18786799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurologic disorder characterized by hyperactivity/impulsivity and/or inattentiveness, with genetic and environmental factors contributing to the disorder. With the growing recognition of the microbiome’s role in many neurological disorders, the authors propose that it may also be implicated in ADHD. Here, we describe several evolving areas of research to support this hypothesis. First, a unique composition of gut bacteria has been identified and linked to behaviors in ADHD. Second, our research found an increased incidence of 2 gastrointestinal symptoms (constipation and flatulence) in children with ADHD, as compared to controls. Finally, emerging data may be interpreted to suggest that immune dysregulation in ADHD be associated with an altered microbiome, low-grade inflammation, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Although more studies are needed to elucidate exact mechanisms and causality, we propose that an altered microbiome, gastrointestinal symptoms, and immune dysregulation may be associated with the ADHD phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ming
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Neil Chen
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Carly Ray
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Gretchen Brewer
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kornitzer
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Robert A Steer
- Department of Surgery, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Li B, Selmi C, Tang R, Gershwin ME, Ma X. The microbiome and autoimmunity: a paradigm from the gut-liver axis. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:595-609. [PMID: 29706647 PMCID: PMC6079090 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2018.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial cells significantly outnumber human cells in the body, and the microbial flora at mucosal sites are shaped by environmental factors and, less intuitively, act on host immune responses, as demonstrated by experimental data in germ-free and gnotobiotic studies. Our understanding of this link stems from the established connection between infectious bacteria and immune tolerance breakdown, as observed in rheumatic fever triggered by Streptococci via molecular mimicry, epitope spread and bystander effects. The availability of high-throughput techniques has significantly advanced our capacity to sequence the microbiome and demonstrated variable degrees of dysbiosis in numerous autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis and autoimmune liver disease. It remains unknown whether the observed differences are related to the disease pathogenesis or follow the therapeutic and inflammatory changes and are thus mere epiphenomena. In fact, there are only limited data on the molecular mechanisms linking the microbiota to autoimmunity, and microbial therapeutics is being investigated to prevent or halt autoimmune diseases. As a putative mechanism, it is of particular interest that the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in response to microbial stimuli enables the presentation of self-antigens, giving rise to the differentiation of autoreactive Th17 cells and other T helper cells. This comprehensive review will illustrate the data demonstrating the crosstalk between intestinal microbiome and host innate and adaptive immunity, with an emphasis on how dysbiosis may influence systemic autoimmunity. In particular, a gut–liver axis involving the intestinal microbiome and hepatic autoimmunity is elucidated as a paradigm, considering its anatomic and physiological connections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 200001, Shanghai, China
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ruqi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 200001, Shanghai, China
| | - M E Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 200001, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|