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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Xun X, Ma Y, Liu Y, Wang Q. Homologous Design and Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Acaricidal 2,4-Diphenyloxazolines Containing Different Heteroatoms and Alkyl Chains. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:13431-13438. [PMID: 38815265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In order to speculate the three-dimensional structure of the potential binding pocket of the chitin synthase inhibitor, a series of 2,4-diphenyloxazoline derivatives with different lengths of alkyl chains and heteroatoms were designed and synthesized by a homologous strategy. The bioassay results indicate that both the length of the alkyl chains and the type of substituents can affect the acaricidal activity against mite eggs. Compounds containing chloropropyl, alkoxyalkyl, and para-substituted phenoxyalkyl or phenylthioalkyl groups exhibit good activity, while those containing steric hindrance substituents or carbonyl substituents on the benzene ring exhibit reduced activity. Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study showed that there may be a narrow hydrophobic region deep in the pocket, and the steric effect plays a more important role than the electrostatic effect. The current work will provide assistance for future molecular design and target binding research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiwei Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin 300071, China
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2
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Zhang F, Zhang YC, Yu ZT, Zeng B, Sun H, Xie YQ, Zhu KY, Gao CF. The G932C mutation of chitin synthase 1 gene (CHS1) mediates buprofezin resistance as confirmed by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in approach in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 202:105953. [PMID: 38879307 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is a major destructive rice pest in Asia. High levels of insecticide resistance have been frequently reported, and the G932C mutation in the chitin synthase 1 (CHS1) gene has been found to mediate buprofezin resistance. However, there has been no direct evidence to confirm the functional significance of the single G932C substitution mutation leading to buprofezin resistance in N. lugens. Here, we successfully constructed a knock-in homozygous strain (Nl-G932C) of N. lugens using CRISPR/Cas9 coupled with homology-directed repair (HDR). Compared with the background strain susceptible to buprofezin (Nl-SS), the knock-in strain (Nl-G932C) showed a 94.9-fold resistance to buprofezin. Furthermore, resistant strains (Nl-932C) isolated from the field exhibited a 2078.8-fold resistance to buprofezin, indicating that there are other mechanisms contributing to buprofezin resistance in the field. Inheritance analysis showed that the resistance trait is incomplete dominance. In addition, the Nl-G932C strain had a relative fitness of 0.33 with a substantially decreased survival rate, emergence rate, and fecundity. This study provided in vivo functional evidence for the causality of G932C substitution mutation of CHS1 with buprofezin resistance and valuable information for facilitating the development of resistance management strategies in N. lugens. This is the first example of using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology in a hemipteran insect to directly confirm the role of a candidate target site mutation in insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide-Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Chao Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide-Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Tao Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide-Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Zeng
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide-Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide-Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Qiu Xie
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide-Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Cong-Fen Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide-Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Ray SS, Parihar K, Goyal N, Mahapatra DM. Synergistic insights into pesticide persistence and microbial dynamics for bioremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119290. [PMID: 38823612 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Rampant use of fertilizers and pesticides for boosting agricultural crop productivity has proven detrimental impact on land, water, and air quality globally. Although fertilizers and pesticides ensure greater food security, their unscientific management negatively impacts soil fertility, structure of soil microbiome and ultimately human health and hygiene. Pesticides exert varying impacts on soil properties and microbial community functions, contingent on factors such as their chemical structure, mode of action, toxicity, and dose-response characteristics. The diversity of bacterial responses to different pesticides presents a valuable opportunity for pesticide remediation. In this context, OMICS technologies are currently under development, and notable advancements in gene editing, including CRISPR technologies, have facilitated bacterial engineering, opening promising avenues for reducing toxicity and enhancing biological remediation. This paper provides a holistic overview of pesticide dynamics, with a specific focus on organophosphate, organochlorine, and pyrethroids. It covers their occurrence, activity, and potential mitigation strategies, with an emphasis on the microbial degradation route. Subsequently, the pesticide degradation pathways, associated genes and regulatory mechanisms, associated OMICS approaches in soil microbes with a special emphasis on CRISPR/Cas9 are also being discussed. Here, we analyze key environmental factors that significantly impact pesticide degradation mechanisms and underscore the urgency of developing alternative strategies to diminish our reliance on synthetic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Sinha Ray
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kashish Parihar
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Nishu Goyal
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Durga Madhab Mahapatra
- School of Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India; Energy and Wetlands Research Group, Center for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, 560012, India; Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
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4
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Mastrantonio V, Libro P, Di Martino J, Matera M, Bellini R, Castrignanò T, Urbanelli S, Porretta D. Integrated de novo transcriptome of Culex pipiens mosquito larvae as a resource for genetic control strategies. Sci Data 2024; 11:471. [PMID: 38724521 PMCID: PMC11082219 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a de novo transcriptome of the mosquito vector Culex pipiens, assembled by sequences of susceptible and insecticide resistant larvae. The high quality of the assembly was confirmed by TransRate and BUSCO. A mapping percentage until 94.8% was obtained by aligning contigs to Nr, SwissProt, and TrEMBL, with 27,281 sequences that simultaneously mapped on the three databases. A total of 14,966 ORFs were also functionally annotated by using the eggNOG database. Among them, we identified ORF sequences of the main gene families involved in insecticide resistance. Therefore, this resource stands as a valuable reference for further studies of differential gene expression as well as to identify genes of interest for genetic-based control tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pietro Libro
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Jessica Di Martino
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Michele Matera
- Envu, 2022 ES Deutschland GmbH, Germany, Monheim, Germany
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Romeo Bellini
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente "G. Nicoli", Via Sant'Agata 835, 40014, Crevalcore, Italy
| | - Tiziana Castrignanò
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Sandra Urbanelli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Porretta
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Wang XX, Ding MJ, Gao J, Zhao L, Cao R, Wang XW. Modulation of host lipid metabolism by virus infection leads to exoskeleton damage in shrimp. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012228. [PMID: 38739679 PMCID: PMC11115362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The arthropod exoskeleton provides protection and support and is vital for survival and adaption. The integrity and mechanical properties of the exoskeleton are often impaired after pathogenic infection; however, the detailed mechanism by which infection affects the exoskeleton remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the damage to the shrimp exoskeleton is caused by modulation of host lipid profiles after infection with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). WSSV infection disrupts the mechanical performance of the exoskeleton by inducing the expression of a chitinase (Chi2) in the sub-cuticle epidermis and decreasing the cuticle chitin content. The induction of Chi2 expression is mediated by a nuclear receptor that can be activated by certain enriched long-chain saturated fatty acids after infection. The damage to the exoskeleton, an aftereffect of the induction of host lipogenesis by WSSV, significantly impairs the motor ability of shrimp. Blocking the WSSV-caused lipogenesis restored the mechanical performance of the cuticle and improved the motor ability of infected shrimp. Therefore, this study reveals a mechanism by which WSSV infection modulates shrimp internal metabolism resulting in phenotypic impairment, and provides new insights into the interactions between the arthropod host and virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ming-Jie Ding
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutrition, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Rong Cao
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutrition, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xian-Wei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Mori K, Nakagawa Y, Watanabe B, Miyata H, Morita T, Hayashi K. Novel ability of diflubenzuron as an inhibitor of mitochondrial function. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 167:104088. [PMID: 38342197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Compounds classified as benzoylphenylurea (BPU), such as diflubenzuron (DFB), are used as insecticides. Although BPU disrupts molting by inhibiting chitin biosynthesis and exhibits insecticidal activity, their exact mode of action remains unknown. Since epidermal cells proliferate and morphologically change from squamous to columnar cells during the early stages of insect molting, we speculate that a transition similar to that from epithelium to mesenchyme occurs and that BPU may inhibit this transition. Here, we addressed this possibility. We found that DFB decreases actin expression in insect cells (the tissue cultures of insect integument). Detailed analysis in Schneider S2 cells reveals that DFB inhibits the expression of actin isoforms (Act5C and Act42A) and the Drosophila ortholog of myocardin-related transcription factor (Mrtf), leading to cell growth suppression. Proteomics identified the Drosophila ortholog of prohibitin (Phb1D and Phb2E) as one of the DFB-binding proteins. DFB inhibits the interaction between Phb1D and Phb2E and induces mitochondrial dysfunction. The knock-down of Phb2E suppresses the expression of Act5C, Act42A, and Mrtf, leading to cell growth inhibition. Thus, the disruption of Phb function is a possible novel target of DFB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Mori
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakagawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Bunta Watanabe
- Chemistry Laboratory, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 8-3-1 Kokuryo, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8570, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyata
- Department of Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Morita
- Department of Biology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 580 Mikazura, Wakayama, 641-0011, Japan
| | - Ken'ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minami-Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan; Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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7
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Chaudhary V, Kumar M, Chauhan C, Sirohi U, Srivastav AL, Rani L. Strategies for mitigation of pesticides from the environment through alternative approaches: A review of recent developments and future prospects. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120326. [PMID: 38387349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Chemical-based peticides are having negative impacts on both the healths of human beings and plants as well. The World Health Organisation (WHO), reported that each year, >25 million individuals in poor nations are having acute pesticide poisoning cases along with 20,000 fatal injuries at global level. Normally, only ∼0.1% of the pesticide reaches to the intended targets, and rest amount is expected to come into the food chain/environment for a longer period of time. Therefore, it is crucial to reduce the amounts of pesticides present in the soil. Physical or chemical treatments are either expensive or incapable to do so. Hence, pesticide detoxification can be achieved through bioremediation/biotechnologies, including nano-based methodologies, integrated approaches etc. These are relatively affordable, efficient and environmentally sound methods. Therefore, alternate strategies like as advanced biotechnological tools like as CRISPR Cas system, RNAi and genetic engineering for development of insects and pest resistant plants which are directly involved in the development of disease- and pest-resistant plants and indirectly reduce the use of pesticides. Omics tools and multi omics approaches like metagenomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics for the efficient functional gene mining and their validation for bioremediation of pesticides also discussed from the literatures. Overall, the review focuses on the most recent advancements in bioremediation methods to lessen the effects of pesticides along with the role of microorganisms in pesticides elimination. Further, pesticide detection is also a big challenge which can be done by using HPLC, GC, SERS, and LSPR ELISA etc. which have also been described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar-Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping Architecture, College of Horticulture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chetan Chauhan
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping Architecture, College of Horticulture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ujjwal Sirohi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Lal Srivastav
- Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Lata Rani
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
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8
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Napolitano C, Benfatti F, Hamdan FB, Bristow JA, Dapiaggi F, Firth LC, Guest M, Saunders HA, Hall RG, Monaco MR, Quetglas V, Rendine S, Eterovic M. Synthesis and insecticidal activity of N-(5-phenylpyrazin-2-yl)-benzamide derivatives: Elucidation of mode of action on chitin biosynthesis through symptomology and genetic studies. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 199:105771. [PMID: 38458679 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Among the six-membered heterocycles, the pyrazine ring is poorly explored in crop protection and does not feature in any product listed in the current IRAC MoA classification. In an effort to identify new leads for internal research, we synthesized a series of N-(5-phenylpyrazin-2-yl)-benzamide derivatives and evaluated them for their insecticidal activity. N-(5-phenylpyrazin-2-yl)-benzamide derivatives 3 were prepared using an automated two-step synthesis protocol. These compounds were tested for their initial biological activity against a wide range of sucking and chewing insect pests and found to be active against lepidopterans only. More detailed experiments, including symptomology studies on the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) and the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) showed that analog 3q causes severe abnormalities in the lepidopteran cuticle leading to larval mortality. Compound 3q shows strong potency against both P. xylostella and S. littoralis, whereas analog 3i shows better potency against S. littoralis causing also impaired cuticular structure and death of the larvae. Additionally, P. xylostella genetic studies showed that compound 3q resistance is linked to Chitin Synthase 1. Our studies show that N-(5-phenylpyrazin-2-yl)-benzamide derivatives 3, and in particular analogs 3i and 3q, act as insect growth modulator insecticides. Conformational similarities with lufenuron are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Napolitano
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, Stein CH-4332, Switzerland
| | - Fides Benfatti
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, Stein CH-4332, Switzerland
| | - Farhan Bou Hamdan
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, Stein CH-4332, Switzerland
| | - Julia A Bristow
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Federico Dapiaggi
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, Stein CH-4332, Switzerland
| | - Lucy C Firth
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Marcus Guest
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK.
| | - Helena A Saunders
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Roger G Hall
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, Stein CH-4332, Switzerland
| | - Mattia R Monaco
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, Stein CH-4332, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Quetglas
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, Stein CH-4332, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Rendine
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, Stein CH-4332, Switzerland
| | - Marisa Eterovic
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, Stein CH-4332, Switzerland.
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9
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Pan H, Song B, Liao J, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Buprofezin delayed the molting of Pardosa pseudoannulata, a predatory enemy for insect pests, by suppressing chitin synthase 1 expression. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 199:105798. [PMID: 38458668 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Spiders, the major predatory enemies of insect pests in fields, are vulnerable to insecticides. In this study, we observed that the recommended dose of buprofezin delayed the molting of the pond wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata, although it had no lethal effect on the spiders. Since buprofezin is an insect chitin biosynthesis inhibitor, we identified two chitin synthase genes (PpCHS1 and PpCHS2) in P. pseudoannulata. Tissue-specific expression profiling showed that PpCHS1 was most highly expressed in cuticle. In contrast, PpCHS2 showed highest mRNA levels in the midgut and fat body. RNAi knockdown of PpCHS1 significantly delayed the molting of 12-days old spiderlings, whereas no significant effect on the molting was observed in the PpCHS2-silencing spiderlings. The expression of PpCHS1 was significantly suppressed in the spiderlings treated with buprofezin, but rescued by exogenous ecdysteroid ponasterone A (PA). Consistent with this result, the molting delay caused by buprofezin was also rescued by PA. The results revealed that buprofezin delayed the molting of spiders by suppressing PpCHS1 expression, which will benefit the protection of P. pseudoannulate and related spider species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiya Pan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Bo Song
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiajie Liao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yixi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China.
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10
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Yu A, Beck M, Merzendorfer H, Yang Q. Advances in understanding insect chitin biosynthesis. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 164:104058. [PMID: 38072083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.104058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Chitin, a natural polymer of N-acetylglucosamine chains, is a principal component of the apical extracellular matrix in arthropods. Chitin microfibrils serve as structural components of natural biocomposites present in the extracellular matrix of a variety of invertebrates including sponges, molluscs, nematodes, fungi and arthropods. In this review, we summarize the frontier advances of insect chitin synthesis. More specifically, we focus on the chitin synthase (CHS), which catalyzes the key biosynthesis step. CHS is also known as an attractive insecticidal target in that this enzyme is absent in mammals, birds or plants. As no insect chitin synthase structure have been reported so far, we review recent studies on glycosyltransferase domain structures derived from fungi and oomycetes, which are conserved in CHS from all species containing chitin. Auxiliary proteins, which coordinate with CHS in chitin biosynthesis and assembly, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Yu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Marius Beck
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Hans Merzendorfer
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany.
| | - Qing Yang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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11
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Njiru C, Saalwaechter C, Mavridis K, Vontas J, Geibel S, Wybouw N, Van Leeuwen T. The complex II resistance mutation H258Y in succinate dehydrogenase subunit B causes fitness penalties associated with mitochondrial respiratory deficiency. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4403-4413. [PMID: 37394630 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acaricides cyflumetofen, cyenopyrafen and pyflubumide inhibit the mitochondrial electron transport chain at complex II [succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex]. A target site mutation H258Y was recently discovered in a resistant strain of the spider mite pest Tetranychus urticae. H258Y causes strong cross-resistance between cyenopyrafen and pyflubumide, but not cyflumetofen. In fungal pests, fitness costs associated with substitutions at the corresponding H258 position that confer resistance to fungicidal SDH inhibitors have not been uncovered. Here, we used H258 and Y258 near-isogenic lines of T. urticae to quantify potential pleiotropic fitness effects on mite physiology. RESULTS The H258Y mutation was not associated with consistent significant changes of single generation life history traits and fertility life table parameters. In contrast, proportional Sanger sequencing and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction showed that the frequency of the resistant Y258 allele decreased when replicated 50:50 Y258:H258 experimentally evolving populations were maintained in an acaricide-free environment for approximately 12 generations. Using in vitro assays with mitochondrial extracts from resistant (Y258) and susceptible (H258) lines, we identified a significantly reduced SDH activity (48% lower activity) and a slightly enhanced combined complex I and III activity (18% higher activity) in the Y258 lines. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the H258Y mutation is associated with a high fitness cost in the spider mite T. urticae. Importantly, while it is the most common approach, it is clear that only comparing life history traits and life table fecundity does not allow to reliably estimate fitness costs of target site mutations in natural pest populations. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Njiru
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Konstantinos Mavridis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sven Geibel
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Monheim, Germany
| | - Nicky Wybouw
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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12
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De Rouck S, İnak E, Dermauw W, Van Leeuwen T. A review of the molecular mechanisms of acaricide resistance in mites and ticks. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 159:103981. [PMID: 37391089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The Arachnida subclass of Acari comprises many harmful pests that threaten agriculture as well as animal health, including herbivorous spider mites, the bee parasite Varroa, the poultry mite Dermanyssus and several species of ticks. Especially in agriculture, acaricides are often used intensively to minimize the damage they inflict, promoting the development of resistance. Beneficial predatory mites used in biological control are also subjected to acaricide selection in the field. The development and use of new genetic and genomic tools such as genome and transcriptome sequencing, bulked segregant analysis (QTL mapping), and reverse genetics via RNAi or CRISPR/Cas9, have greatly increased our understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms of resistance in Acari, especially in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae which emerged as a model species. These new techniques allowed to uncover and validate new resistance mutations in a larger range of species. In addition, they provided an impetus to start elucidating more challenging questions on mechanisms of gene regulation of detoxification associated with resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander De Rouck
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emre İnak
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Dıskapı, 06110, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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13
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Zhang Y, Huang Q, Sheng C, Liu G, Zhang K, Jia Z, Tang T, Mao X, Jones AK, Han Z, Zhao C. G3'MTMD3 in the insect GABA receptor subunit, RDL, confers resistance to broflanilide and fluralaner. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010814. [PMID: 37384781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Meta-diamides (e.g. broflanilide) and isoxazolines (e.g. fluralaner) are novel insecticides that target the resistant to dieldrin (RDL) subunit of insect γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABARs). In this study, we used in silico analysis to identify residues that are critical for the interaction between RDL and these insecticides. Substitution of glycine at the third position (G3') in the third transmembrane domain (TMD3) with methionine (G3'M TMD3), which is present in vertebrate GABARs, had the strongest effect on fluralaner binding. This was confirmed by expression of RDL from the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (CsRDL) in oocytes of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, where the G3'MTMD3 mutation almost abolished the antagonistic action of fluralaner. Subsequently, G3'MTMD3 was introduced into the Rdl gene of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Larvae of heterozygous lines bearing G3'MTMD3 did not show significant resistance to avermectin, fipronil, broflanilide, and fluralaner. However, larvae homozygous for G3'MTMD3 were highly resistant to broflanilide and fluralaner whilst still being sensitive to fipronil and avermectin. Also, homozygous lines showed severely impaired locomotivity and did not survive to the pupal stage, indicating a significant fitness cost associated with the G3'MTMD3. Moreover, the M3'GTMD3 in the mouse Mus musculus α1β2 GABAR increased sensitivity to fluralaner. Taken together, these results provide convincing in vitro and in vivo evidence for both broflanilide and fluralaner acting on the same amino acid site, as well as insights into potential mechanisms leading to target-site resistance to these insecticides. In addition, our findings could guide further modification of isoxazolines to achieve higher selectivity for the control of insect pests with minimal effects on mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiutang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengwang Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Genyan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqiang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Tang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Mao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew K Jones
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zhaojun Han
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Panteleri R, Anthousi A, Denecke S, Boaventura D, Nauen R, Vontas J. Transgenic Drosophila to Functionally Validate Fall Armyworm ABCC2 Mutations Conferring Bt Resistance. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:386. [PMID: 37368687 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15060386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive agricultural pest with a global distribution, causing major crop losses annually. Its control strategies largely rely on chemical insecticides and transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins (Cry and Vip toxins); however, the development of high resistance poses a significant issue. The ATP-binding cassette transporter C2 (ABCC2) has been linked to Cry toxin pore formation, acting as a receptor of some Cry toxins. Recently detected mutations in the SfABCC2 gene in extracellular loop 4 (ECL4) have been associated with Bt toxin resistance in FAW. In the present study, we expressed the SfABCC2 gene in Drosophila melanogaster, a species normally unaffected by the Bt toxins. We demonstrate that susceptibility can be introduced by the ectopic and tissue-specific expression of wildtype SfABCC2. Next, we introduced mutations into ECL4-both individually and in combination-that have been recently described in Brazilian FAW and functionally validated by toxicity bioassays against the foliar Bt product Xentari. Our results provide an efficient demonstration of the suitability of transgenic Drosophila for validating FAW ABCC2 resistance mutations in ECL4 against Bt toxins, and potential cross-resistance issues between closely related proteins that use ABCC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Panteleri
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Amalia Anthousi
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Shane Denecke
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Debora Boaventura
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, Pest Control, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, Pest Control, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
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15
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Zhang YC, Gao Y, Ye WN, Peng YX, Zhu KY, Gao CF. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of NlCYP6CS1 gene reveals its role in detoxification of insecticides in Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:2239-2246. [PMID: 36775840 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is one of the major rice insect pests in Asia. Recently, high levels of insecticide resistance have been frequently reported and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450)-mediated metabolic detoxification is a common resistance mechanism in N. lugens. However, there has been no persuasive genetic method to prove the role of P450s in insecticide resistance in N. lugens. RESULTS Here, CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to disrupt the P450 gene NlCYP6CS1 to elucidate its role in insecticide resistance in field populations of N. lugens. We successfully constructed a homozygous strain (Nl6CS1-KO) with a 5-bp deletion and 1-bp insertion mutation of NlCYP6CS1. Compared with a background resistant strain (Nl-R), the susceptibility of knockout strain Nl6CS1-KO to imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, and pymetrozine was increased by 2.3-, 3.4-, 7.0-, 4.2- and 3.9-fold, respectively, but not significantly changed to triflumezopyrim, chlorpyrifos and buprofezin. Life table analysis demonstrated that the Nl6CS1-KO strain resembled the Nl-R strain in terms of egg and nymph developmental duration and adult lifespan, but differed from the Nl-R strain in the survival rate of eggs and nymphs, reproduction, and body weight. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the effect of functional deletion of NlCYP6CS1 on multiple insecticide resistance in N. lugens. For the first time, we applied CRISPR/Cas9 system to reveal the mechanism of insecticide resistance in N. lugens, which may shed light on similar studies in other hemipteran insects. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chao Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide-Invention and Application, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide-Invention and Application, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Nan Ye
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide-Invention and Application, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide-Invention and Application, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Cong-Fen Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide-Invention and Application, Nanjing, China
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16
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Hopkinson J, Balzer J, Fang C, Walsh T. Insecticide resistance management of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Australian cotton - pyriproxyfen, spirotetramat and buprofezin. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1829-1839. [PMID: 36655826 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bemisia tabaci is a globally significant agricultural pest including in Australia, where it exhibits resistance to numerous insecticides. With a recent label change, buprofezin (group 16), is now used for whitefly management in Australia. This study investigated resistance to pyriproxyfen (group 7C), spirotetramat (group 23) and buprofezin using bioassays and available molecular markers. RESULTS Bioassay and selection testing of B. tabaci populations detected resistance to pyriproxyfen with resistance ratios ranging from 4.1 to 56. Resistance to spirotetramat was detected using bioassay, selection testing and sequencing techniques. In populations collected from cotton, the A2083V mutation was detected in three populations of 85 tested, at frequencies ≤4.1%, whereas in limited surveillance of populations from an intensive horticultural region the frequency was ≥75.8%. The baseline susceptibility of B. tabaci to buprofezin was determined from populations tested from 2019 to 2020, in which LC50 values ranged from 0.61 to 10.75 mg L-1 . From the bioassay data, a discriminating dose of 200 mg L-1 was developed. Recent surveillance of 16 populations detected no evidence of resistance with 100% mortality recorded at doses ≤32 mg L-1 . A cross-resistance study found no conclusive evidence of resistance to buprofezin in populations with high resistance to pyriproxyfen or spirotetramat. CONCLUSIONS In Australian cotton, B. tabaci pest management is challenged by ongoing resistance to pyriproxyfen, while resistance to spirotetramat is an emerging issue. The addition of buprofezin provides a new mode-of-action for whitefly pest management, which will strengthen the existing insecticide resistance management strategy. © 2023 Commonwealth of Australia. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Hopkinson
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Jacob Balzer
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Cao Fang
- CSIRO, Acton, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Tom Walsh
- CSIRO, Acton, Australia
- Department of Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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17
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Mavridis K, Ilias A, Papapostolou KM, Varikou K, Michaelidou K, Tsagkarakou A, Vontas J. Molecular diagnostics for monitoring insecticide resistance in the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1615-1622. [PMID: 36562265 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide resistance has emerged in various western flower thrips (WFT) populations across the world, threatening the efficiency of chemical control applications. Elucidation of insecticide resistance mechanisms at the molecular level provides markers for the development of diagnostics to monitor the trait and support evidence-based resistance management. RESULTS TaqMan and Droplet Digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) diagnostics were developed and validated, against Sanger sequencing, in individual and pooled WFT samples respectively, for the G275E mutation (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α6 gene, nAChR α6) associated with resistance to nAChR allosteric modulators, site I (spinosyns); L1014F, T929I, T929C and T292V mutations (voltage-gated sodium channel gene, vgsc) linked with pyrethroid resistance; and I1017M (chitin synthase 1 gene, chs1) conferring resistance to growth inhibitors affecting CHS1 (benzoylureas). The detection limits of ddPCR assays for mutant allelic frequencies (MAF) were in the range of 0.1%-0.2%. The assays were applied in nine WFT field populations from Crete, Greece. The G275E (MAF = 29.66%-100.0%), T929I and T929V (combined MAF = 100%), L1014F (MAF = 11.01%-37.29%), and I1017M (MAF = 17.74%-51.07%) mutations were present in all populations. CONCLUSION The molecular diagnostics panel that was developed in this study can facilitate the quick and sensitive resistance monitoring of WFT populations at the molecular level, to support evidence-based insecticide resistance management strategies. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Mavridis
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aris Ilias
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion, Greece
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DIMITRA", Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Maria Papapostolou
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Varikou
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DIMITRA", Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kleita Michaelidou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anastasia Tsagkarakou
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DIMITRA", Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Vontas
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion, Greece
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Thia JA, Korhonen PK, Young ND, Gasser RB, Umina PA, Yang Q, Edwards O, Walsh T, Hoffmann AA. The redlegged earth mite draft genome provides new insights into pesticide resistance evolution and demography in its invasive Australian range. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:381-398. [PMID: 36573922 PMCID: PMC10107102 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Genomic data provide valuable insights into pest management issues such as resistance evolution, historical patterns of pest invasions and ongoing population dynamics. We assembled the first reference genome for the redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tucker, 1925), to investigate adaptation to pesticide pressures and demography in its invasive Australian range using whole-genome pool-seq data from regionally distributed populations. Our reference genome comprises 132 autosomal contigs, with a total length of 48.90 Mb. We observed a large complex of ace genes, which has presumably evolved from a long history of organophosphate selection in H. destructor and may contribute towards organophosphate resistance through copy number variation, target-site mutations and structural variants. In the putative ancestral H. destructor ace gene, we identified three target-site mutations (G119S, A201S and F331Y) segregating in organophosphate-resistant populations. Additionally, we identified two new para sodium channel gene mutations (L925I and F1020Y) that may contribute to pyrethroid resistance. Regional structuring observed in population genomic analyses indicates that gene flow in H. destructor does not homogenize populations across large geographic distances. However, our demographic analyses were equivocal on the magnitude of gene flow; the short invasion history of H. destructor makes it difficult to distinguish scenarios of complete isolation vs. ongoing migration. Nonetheless, we identified clear signatures of reduced genetic diversity and smaller inferred effective population sizes in eastern vs. western populations, which is consistent with the stepping-stone invasion pathway of this pest in Australia. These new insights will inform development of diagnostic genetic markers of resistance, further investigation into the multifaceted organophosphate resistance mechanism and predictive modelling of resistance evolution and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Thia
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pasi K Korhonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neil D Young
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Qiong Yang
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Owain Edwards
- Land and Water, CSIRO, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tom Walsh
- CSIRO, Black Mountain Laboratories, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Zeng B, Liu YT, Feng ZR, Chen FR, Wu SF, Bass C, Gao CF. The overexpression of cytochrome P450 genes confers buprofezin resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:125-133. [PMID: 36098067 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buprofezin, an insect growth regulator, has been widely used to control brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, one of the most destructive pests of rice crops in Asia. The intensive use of this compound has resulted in very high levels of resistance to buprofezin in the field, however, the underpinning mechanisms of resistance have not been fully resolved. RESULTS Insecticide bioassays using the P450 inhibitor piperonyl butoxide significantly synergized the toxicity of buprofezin in two resistant strains of BPH (BPR and YC2017) compared to a susceptible strain (Sus), suggesting P450s play a role in resistance to this compound. Whole transcriptome profiling identified 1110 genes that were upregulated in the BPR strain compared to the Sus strain, including 13 cytochrome P450 genes, eight esterases and one glutathione S-transferase. Subsequently, qPCR validation revealed that four of the P450 genes, CYP6ER1vA, CYP6CW1, CYP4C77, and CYP439A1 were significantly overexpressed in both the BRP and YC2017 strains compared with the Sus strain. Further functional analyses showed that only suppression of CYP6ER1vA, CYP6CW1, and CYP439A1 gene expression by RNA interference significantly increased the toxicity of buprofezin against BPH. However, only transgenic Drosophila melanogaster expressing CYP6ER1vA and CYP439A1 exhibited significant resistance to buprofezin. Finally, the BPR strain was found to exhibit modest but significant levels of resistance to acetamiprid, dinotefuran and pymetrozine. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide strong evidence that the overexpression of CYP6ER1vA and CYP439A1 contribute to buprofezin resistance in BPH, and that resistance to this compound is associated with low-level resistance to acetamiprid, dinotefuran and pymetrozine. These results advance understanding of the molecular basis of BPH resistance to buprofezin and will inform the development of management strategies for the control of this highly damaging pest. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zeng
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Ya-Ting Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, China
| | - Ze-Rui Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, China
| | - Fu-Rong Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, China
| | - Shun-Fan Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, China
| | - Chris Bass
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Cong-Fen Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, China
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Lv H, Ling S, Guo Z, Zheng C, Ma H, Li J, Ma K. Effects of lufenuron treatments on the growth and development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 263:109499. [PMID: 36336329 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Lufenuron is an effective benzoylurea insecticide that inhibits the synthesis of chitin and regulates the growth of insects. However, little is known about the effects of lufenuron treatment on the development of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). In this study, we assessed the toxicity of lufenuron on S. frugiperda and evaluated the effects of lufenuron treatment on the growth and development of S. frugiperda. The results showed that lufenuron exhibits high insecticidal activity against S. frugiperda, with the LC50 value of 0.99 mg L-1. Lufenuron treatments can significantly prolong the larval developmental duration and reduce the rates of pupation and emergence. To further explore the underlying mechanism of this observation, the expression profiles of the chitin synthase gene (SfCHS) and chitinase gene (SfCHT), two key enzyme genes involved in the molting of S. frugiperda, were determined after exposure to lufenuron for 96 h. The results of qRT-PCR demonstrated that lufenuron treatments can significantly reduce the expression of SfCHT, while the expression of SfCHS remained relatively stable. Furthermore, we found that lufenuron strongly interacted with chitinase (SfCHT) (-10.8 kcal/mol) and chitin synthase (SfCHS) (R1: -9.7 kcal/mol; R2: -10.2 kcal/mol). Our results indicated that lufenuron has significant effects on the development of S. frugiperda that might be attributed to the differential expression of SfCHT and SfCHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Lv
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shanshan Ling
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zhimin Guo
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Chengfeng Zheng
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Huina Ma
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jianhong Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Kangsheng Ma
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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21
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CRISPR-Cas Genome Editing for Insect Pest Stress Management in Crop Plants. STRESSES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/stresses2040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Global crop yield and food security are being threatened by phytophagous insects. Innovative methods are required to increase agricultural output while reducing reliance on hazardous synthetic insecticides. Using the revolutionary CRISPR-Cas technology to develop insect-resistant plants appears to be highly efficient at lowering production costs and increasing farm profitability. The genomes of both a model insect, Drosophila melanogaster, and major phytophagous insect genera, viz. Spodoptera, Helicoverpa, Nilaparvata, Locusta, Tribolium, Agrotis, etc., were successfully edited by the CRISPR-Cas toolkits. This new method, however, has the ability to alter an insect’s DNA in order to either induce a gene drive or overcome an insect’s tolerance to certain insecticides. The rapid progress in the methodologies of CRISPR technology and their diverse applications show a high promise in the development of insect-resistant plant varieties or other strategies for the sustainable management of insect pests to ensure food security. This paper reviewed and critically discussed the use of CRISPR-Cas genome-editing technology in long-term insect pest management. The emphasis of this review was on the prospective uses of the CRISPR-Cas system for insect stress management in crop production through the creation of genome-edited crop plants or insects. The potential and the difficulties of using CRISPR-Cas technology to reduce pest stress in crop plants were critically examined and discussed.
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22
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Lucchesi V, Grimaldi L, Mastrantonio V, Porretta D, Di Bella L, Ruspandini T, Di Salvo ML, Vontas J, Bellini R, Negri A, Epis S, Caccia S, Bandi C, Urbanelli S. Cuticle Modifications and Over-Expression of the Chitin-Synthase Gene in Diflubenzuron-Resistant Phenotype. INSECTS 2022; 13:1109. [PMID: 36555019 PMCID: PMC9782986 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide resistance is a major threat challenging the control of harmful insect species. The study of resistant phenotypes is, therefore, pivotal to understand molecular mechanisms underpinning insecticide resistance and plan effective control and resistance management strategies. Here, we further analysed the diflubenzuron (DFB)-resistant phenotype due to the point-mutation I1043M in the chitin-synthase 1 gene (chs1) in the mosquito Culex pipiens. By comparing susceptible and resistant strains of Cx. pipiens through DFB bioassays, molecular analyses and scanning electron microscopy, we showed that the I1043M-resistant mosquitoes have: (i) a striking level of DFB resistance (i.e., resistance ratio: 9006); (ii) a constitutive 11-fold over-expression of the chs1 gene; (iii) enhanced cuticle thickness and cuticular chitin content. Culex pipiens is one of the most important vector species in Europe and the rapid spread of DFB resistance can threaten its control. Our results, by adding new data about the DFB-resistant phenotype, provide important information for the control and management of insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lucchesi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Grimaldi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Porretta
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Di Bella
- Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Tania Ruspandini
- Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Martino Luigi Di Salvo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - John Vontas
- Department of Crop Science, Pesticide Science Lab, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 1385, GR-711 10 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Romeo Bellini
- Medical and Veterinary Entomology, Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “G. Nicoli”, 40014 Bologna, Italy
| | - Agata Negri
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Epis
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Caccia
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Pediatric CRC “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra Urbanelli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Das J, Kumar R, Shah V, Sharma AK. Functional characterization of chitin synthesis pathway genes, HaAGM and HaUAP, reveal their crucial roles in ecdysis and survival of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105273. [PMID: 36464378 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The chitin metabolic pathway is one of the most lucrative targets for designing pest management regimes. Inhibition of the chitin synthesis pathway causes detrimental effects on the normal growth and development of insects. Phospho-N-acetylglucosamine mutase (AGM) and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (UAP) are two key chitin biosynthesis enzymes in insects including Helicoverpa armigera, a pest of global significance. In the present study, we have identified, cloned and recombinantly expressed AGM and UAP from H. armigera (HaAGM and HaUAP). Biochemical characterization of recombinant HaAGM and HaUAP exhibited high affinities for their natural substrates N-acetyl glucosamine-6-phosphate (Km 38.72 ± 2.41) and N-acetyl glucosamine-1-phosphate (Km 3.66 ± 0.13), respectively. In the coupled enzyme-catalytic assay, HaAGM and HaUAP yielded the end-products, inorganic pyrophosphate and UDP-GlcNAc, confirming their active participation in the chitin synthesis pathway of H. armigera. Gene expression profiling revealed that HaAGM and HaUAP genes were expressed in all developmental stages and key tissues. These genes also showed substantial responses towards the moulting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone and chitin biosynthesis inhibitor, novaluron. Remarkably, the RNAi-mediated knockdown of either HaAGM or HaUAP led to severe developmental deformities and significant mortality ranging from 65.61 to 72.54%. Overall findings suggest that HaAGM and HaUAP play crucial roles in the ecdysis and survival of H. armigera. Further, these genes could serve as potential targets for designing pest management strategies for H. armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vivek Shah
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
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Lv SL, Xu ZY, Li MJ, Mbuji AL, Gu M, Zhang L, Gao XW. Detection of Chitin Synthase Mutations in Lufenuron-Resistant Spodoptera frugiperda in China. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13100963. [PMID: 36292911 PMCID: PMC9604260 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is commonly known as fall armyworm, native to tropical and subtropical regions of America, is an important migratory agricultural pest. It is important to understand the resistance and internal mechanism of action of S. frugiperda against lufenuron in China. Lufenuron is one of the main insecticides recommended for field use in China and has a broad prospect in the future. We conducted a bioassay using the diet-overlay method and found that the current S. frugiperda in China are still at a low level of resistance to lufenuron. Secondly, we examined whether the mutation I1040M (I1042M in Plutella xylostella), associated with lufenuron resistance, was produced in the field. And then we tested the expression of chitin synthase SfCHSA and SfCHSB in different tissues, and the changes of these two genes after lufenuron induction. The results showed that there is still no mutation generation in China and there is a significant change in the expression of SfCHSA under the effect of lufenuron. In conclusion, our study suggests that field S. frugiperda populations in 2019 and 2020 were less resistant to lufenuron. In fall armyworm, chitin synthases included SfCHSA and SfCHSB genes, and after induction treatment with lufenuron, the expression of the SfCHSA gene was significantly increased. In SfCHSA, no mutation has been detected in the site associated with lufenuron resistance. Secondly, in S. frugiperda larvae, the SfCHSA gene was the highest in the head of the larvae, followed by the integument; while the SfCHSB gene was mainly concentrated in the midgut. Therefore, we believe that the SfCHSA gene plays a greater role in the resistance of S. frugiperda to lufenuron than the SfCHSB gene. It is worth noting that understanding the level of resistance to lufenuron in China, the main mechanism of action of lufenuron on larvae, and the mechanism of resistance to lufenuron in S. frugiperda will help in crop protection as well as in extending the life span of this insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lei Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6273-2974
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25
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Tadatsu M, Sakashita R, Panteleri R, Douris V, Vontas J, Shimotsuma Y, Ishida T, Sudo M, Van Leeuwen T, Osakabe M. A mutation in chitin synthase I associated with etoxazole resistance in the citrus red mite Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae) and its uneven geographical distribution in Japan. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4028-4036. [PMID: 35639971 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-levels of etoxazole resistance have not yet been frequently reported in Panonychus citri. Although a highly resistant strain was discovered in 2014, etoxazole resistance has not become a significant problem in areas of citrus production in Japan. A target site mutation in chitin synthase 1 (CHS1), I1017F, is a major etoxazole-resistance factor in Tetranychus urticae. To investigate the mechanisms of etoxazole resistance and the dispersal of resistance genes, we analyzed target-site mutations in a highly resistant strain and their geographical distribution in Japan. RESULTS High-level etoxazole resistance was completely recessive. The I1017F mutation was detected in CHS1 of the highly resistant strain, and its frequency was correlated with the hatchability of eggs treated with etoxazole. Sequencing and variant frequency analyses of local populations by quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that I1017F is restricted to the Ariake Sea area of Kyushu Island. Although a new nonsynonymous substitution, S1016L, accompanied by I1017F was found in CHS1 of the highly resistant strain, CRISPR/Cas9 engineering of flies showed that S1016L had no effect on the etoxazole resistance conferred by I1017F. CONCLUSION I1017F is a major target site mutation that confers high-level etoxazole resistance on P. citri. Dispersion of I1017F possibly was suppressed as a result of the completely recessive inheritance of resistance together with low gene flow between local populations. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misono Tadatsu
- Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryota Sakashita
- Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rafaela Panteleri
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Molecular Entomology, Department of Biology, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Vassilis Douris
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina and Institute of Biosciences, University Research Center of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Ioannina, Greece
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Crete, Greece
- Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Yushi Shimotsuma
- Agro-Science Research Center, Kyoyu Agri Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishida
- Agro-Science Research Center, Kyoyu Agri Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sudo
- Division of Fruit Tree and Tea Pest Control Research, Institute for Plant Protection, NARO, Kanaya Tea Research Station, Shimada, Japan
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Masahiro Osakabe
- Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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26
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Yang L, Chen M, Han X, Liu C, Wang C, Zhang G, Yang D, Zhao S. Discovery of ZQ- 8, a Novel Starting Point To Develop Inhibitors against the Potent Molecular Target Chitinase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11314-11323. [PMID: 36054909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study, we found that compound ZQ-8 had a strong impact on the growth and development of Helicoverpa armigera. However, the mechanism and target of ZQ-8 are not clear, which makes it difficult to optimize the structure of this compound. In this study, the preliminary mode of action of ZQ-8 was studied through RNA sequencing and molecular docking. We also analyzed the underlying mechanisms from the aspect of ZQ-8 with respect to chitinase. The results showed that ZQ-8 mainly affects chitinase activity in the epidermis of H. armigera. ZQ-8 can competitively combine with chitinase 2 and endochitinase to form a relatively stable complex of ZQ-8, resulting in the failure of chitinase to degrade chitin. These findings indicate that the epidermis of H. armigera was identified as the action site of ZQ-8 and chitinase 2 and endochitinase were potential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Utilization, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Utilization, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Utilization, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Utilization, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Utilization, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Utilization, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Desong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Utilization, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Sifeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Utilization, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, People's Republic of China
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27
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Tixier MS, Tabary L, Douin M. Drivers for mutation in amino acid sequences of two mitochondrial proteins (Cytb and COI) in Phytoseiidae mites (Acari: Mesostigmata). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2022; 88:1-40. [PMID: 36287353 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00741-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in amino acid sequences can affect protein function. Such aspects have been poorly studied for arthropods. As recent studies have shown mutations in cytochrome b (Cytb) associated with geographic locations in several Phytoseiidae species, the present study aims at investigating (i) the mutation pattern in additional species for the Cytb fragment, (ii) the mutation pattern for another mitochondrial amino acid sequence, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI), and (iii) factors affecting the mutations observed (taxonomy, plant support, climatic variables, wild vs. commercialised species). Mutations in amino acid sequences were assessed in seven Phytoseiidae species, with populations collected in contrasted environments. The DNA sequences were mainly obtained from published studies and some were newly obtained. Mutations were observed within and between the populations considered for both fragments, with higher mutation rates in Cytb than in COI sequences, confirming the robustness of this former fragment. Plant support and taxonomic position were not related to mutation patterns. A lower number of mutations was observed in commercialised populations than in wild ones. As preliminary tendencies, mutations in Cytb and COI sequences seem associated to temperature and moisture. Such a preliminary approach, attempting to relate mutation to functional adaptations, clearly opens new research tracks for better assessment of the drivers of mite adaptation, in a context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Stéphane Tixier
- CBGP, Institut Agro Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, University Montpellier, 755 Avenue du Campus Agropolis, CS 30016, 34988, Montferrier-sur-Lez cedex, France.
| | - Lou Tabary
- CBGP, Institut Agro Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, University Montpellier, 755 Avenue du Campus Agropolis, CS 30016, 34988, Montferrier-sur-Lez cedex, France
| | - Martial Douin
- CBGP, Institut Agro Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, University Montpellier, 755 Avenue du Campus Agropolis, CS 30016, 34988, Montferrier-sur-Lez cedex, France
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28
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Zhang C, Hu W, Yu Z, Liu X, Wang J, Xin T, Zou Z, Xia B. Characterization of Chitin Synthase A cDNA from Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and Its Response to Diflubenzuron. INSECTS 2022; 13:728. [PMID: 36005353 PMCID: PMC9409846 DOI: 10.3390/insects13080728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is the vector of HLB and one of the most common pests in citrus orchards in southern China. One of the most significant genes in D. citri's growth and development is the chitin synthase gene. In this study, the CHS gene (DcCHSA) of D. citri was cloned and analyzed by bioinformatics. According to RT-qPCR findings, DcCHSA was expressed at many growth processes of D. citri, with the greatest influence in the fifth-instar nymph. The molting failure rate and mortality of D. citri rose as DFB concentration increased in this research, as did the expression level of DcCHSA. Feeding on DcCHSA caused a large drop in target gene expression, affected nymph molting, caused failure or even death in freshly eclosion adults, increased mortality, and reduced the molting success rate over time. These findings showed that DcCHSA was involved in nymph to adult development and may aid in the identification of molecular targets for D. citri regulation. It provided new ideas for further control of D. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bin Xia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-136-1791-5100
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29
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Susceptibility Evaluation of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Infesting Maize in Kenya against a Range of Insecticides. J Toxicol 2022; 2022:8007998. [PMID: 35978563 PMCID: PMC9377907 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8007998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is a worldwide pest of gramineous crops and a major pest of corn. Kenya has, in the recent years, reported massive outbreaks of this pest causing huge economic losses in maize fields. The indiscriminate use of insecticides has led to the evolution of insecticide resistance. This presents serious challenges to the control of pests including fall armyworm. The fall armyworm infestation has greatly threatened food security in Kenya. Consequently, this has heightened the need to evaluate the susceptibility of the fall armyworm to commonly used insecticides in Kenya. In this study, thirteen populations of the fall armyworm were sampled from thirteen counties of Kenya and determined its susceptibility to a range of insecticides using leaf-dip bioassay method. The current study illustrated the high toxicity of spinetoram, spinosad, lufenuron, and pyridaben to fall armyworm while indoxacarb, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, and abamectin exhibited relatively low toxicity to fall armyworm. Possible cross-resistance between abamectin, imidacloprid, deltamethrin, indoxacarb, spinosad, spinetoram, and lufenuron was determined through pair-wise correlational analyses. Results of this study revealed no cross-resistance between lambda-cyhalothrin with all other insecticides tested. Susceptibility monitoring of the fall armyworm can be a valuable strategy in the control of fall armyworm in the field populations. This can help inform the policy to design management strategies that promote the judicious use of these chemicals and prolong their efficacy in the management of the fall armyworm in Kenya.
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30
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Kumari P, Jasrotia P, Kumar D, Kashyap PL, Kumar S, Mishra CN, Kumar S, Singh GP. Biotechnological Approaches for Host Plant Resistance to Insect Pests. Front Genet 2022; 13:914029. [PMID: 35719377 PMCID: PMC9201757 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.914029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Annually, the cost of insect pest control in agriculture crosses billions of dollars around the world. Until recently, broad-spectrum synthetic pesticides were considered as the most effective means of pest control in agriculture. However, over the years, the overreliance on pesticides has caused adverse effects on beneficial insects, human health and the environment, and has led to the development of pesticide resistant insects. There is a critical need for the development of alternative pest management strategies aiming for minimum use of pesticides and conservation of natural enemies for maintaining the ecological balance of the environment. Host plant resistance plays a vital role in integrated pest management but the development of insect-resistant varieties through conventional ways of host plant resistance takes time, and is challenging as it involves many quantitative traits positioned at various loci. Biotechnological approaches such as gene editing, gene transformation, marker-assisted selection etc. in this direction have recently opened up a new era of insect control options. These could contribute towards about exploring a much wider array of novel insecticidal genes that would otherwise be beyond the scope of conventional breeding. Biotechnological interventions can alter the gene expression level and pattern as well as the development of transgenic varieties with insecticidal genes and can improve pest management by providing access to novel molecules. This review will discuss the emerging biotechnological tools available to develop insect-resistant engineered crop genotypes with a better ability to resist the attack of insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Kumari
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
- CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Poonam Jasrotia
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Prem Lal Kashyap
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | | | - Sudheer Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
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Nganso BT, Pines G, Soroker V. Insights into gene manipulation techniques for Acari functional genomics. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 143:103705. [PMID: 35134533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Functional genomics is an essential tool for elucidating the structure and function of genes in any living organism. Here, we review the use of different gene manipulation techniques in functional genomics of Acari (mites and ticks). Some of these Acari species inflict severe economic losses to managed crops and health problems to humans, wild and domestic animals, but many also provide important ecosystem services worldwide. Currently, RNA interference (RNAi) is the leading gene expression manipulation tool followed by gene editing via the bacterial type II Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and associated protein 9 system (CRISPR-Cas9). Whilst RNAi, via siRNA, does not always lead to expected outcomes, the exploitations of the CRISPR systems in Acari are still in their infancy and are limited only to CRISP/Cas9 to date. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of RNAi and CRISPR-Cas9 and the technical challenges associated with their exploitations. We also compare the biochemical machinery of RNAi and CRISPR-Cas9 technologies. We highlight some potential solutions for experimental optimization of each mechanism in gene function studies. The potential benefits of adopting various CRISPR-Cas9 systems for expanding on functional genomics experiments in Acari are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice T Nganso
- Department of Entomology, Chemistry and Nematology, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Centre, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
| | - Gur Pines
- Department of Entomology, Chemistry and Nematology, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Centre, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
| | - Victoria Soroker
- Department of Entomology, Chemistry and Nematology, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Centre, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
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Porretta D, Mastrantonio V, Lucchesi V, Bellini R, Vontas J, Urbanelli S. Historical samples reveal a combined role of agriculture and public-health applications in vector resistance to insecticides. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1567-1572. [PMID: 34984788 PMCID: PMC9303699 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide resistance is the major threat to vector control and for the prevention of vector-borne diseases. Because almost all insecticides used against insect vectors are or have been used in agriculture, a connection between agricultural insecticide use and resistance in insect vectors has been hypothesized. However, it is challenging to find a causal link between past agricultural use of insecticides and current resistance in vector populations without historical data series. Here we investigated the relative contribution across time of agricultural and public-health insecticide applications in selecting for diflubenzuron (DFB) resistance in Culex pipiens populations. Using DNA sequencing, we looked for DFB resistant mutations in current and historical mosquito samples, dating back to the 1980s-1990s, when DFB was used in agriculture but not yet in mosquito control. RESULTS In the samples collected before the introduction of DFB in vector control, we found the resistant mutation I1043M in rural regions but not any of the neighboring urban and natural areas, indicating that the selection pressure was derived by agriculture. However, after the introduction of DFB for vector control, the resistant mutations were found across all study areas showing that the initial selection from agriculture was further boosted by the selection pressure imposed by the mosquito control applications in the 2000s. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a combined role of agricultural and public-health use of insecticides in vector resistance across time and call for specific actions in integrated resistance management, including increased communication between agriculture and health practitioners. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Porretta
- Department of Environmental BiologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | | | | | - Romeo Bellini
- Medical and Veterinary Entomology DepartmentCentro Agricoltura Ambiente ‘G. Nicoli’BolognaItaly
| | - John Vontas
- Department of Crop Science, Pesticide Science LabAgricultural University of AthensAthensGreece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyFoundation for Research and Technology HellasHeraklion, CreteGreece
| | - Sandra Urbanelli
- Department of Environmental BiologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
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Bajda SA, De Clercq P, Van Leeuwen T. Selectivity and molecular stress responses to classical and botanical acaricides in the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:881-895. [PMID: 34862726 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acaricide application remains an integral component of integrated pest management (IPM) for the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae. Species and strains of phytoseiid predatory mites vary significantly in their response to acaricides. For the success of IPM, it is imperative to identify the determinants of selectivity and molecular stress responses of acaricides in predatory mites. RESULTS The three classical acaricides bifenazate, cyflumetofen, and fenbutatin oxide did not affect the survival and fecundity of Phytoseiulus persimilis regardless of the route of exposure. Selectivity of the orange oil and terpenoid blend-based botanical acaricides was low via a combination of direct exposure, acaricide-laced diet, and residual exposure but improved when limiting exposure only to diet. To gain insights into the molecular stress responses, the transcriptome of P. persimilis was assembled. Subsequent gene expression analysis of predatory mites orally exposed to fenbutatin oxide and orange oil yielded only a limited xenobiotic stress response. In contrast, P. persimilis exhibited target-site resistance mutations, including I260M in SdhB, I1017M in CHS1, and kdr and super-kdr in VGSC. Extending the screen using available Phytoseiidae sequences uncovered I136T, S141F in cytb, G119S in AChE, and A2083V in ACC, well-known target-sites of acaricides. CONCLUSION Selectivity of the tested botanical acaricides to P. persimilis was low but could be enhanced by restricting exposure to a single route. Differential gene expression analysis did not show a robust induced stress response after sublethal exposure. In contrast, this study uncovered target-site mutations that may help to explain the physiological selectivity of several classical acaricides to phytoseiid predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina A Bajda
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Clercq
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Kato K, Okamura K, Hiki K, Kintsu H, Nohara K, Yamagishi T, Nakajima N, Watanabe H, Yamamoto H. Potential differences in chitin synthesis ability cause different sensitivities to diflubenzuron among three strains of Daphnia magna. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 243:106071. [PMID: 34995867 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicity testing of crustaceans using Daphnia magna has been implemented in the chemical management systems of various countries. While the chemical sensitivity of D. magna varies depending on genetically different clonal lineages, the strain used in ecotoxicity tests, including the acute immobilization test (OECD TG202), has not been specified. We hypothesized that comprehensive gene expression profiles could provide useful information on phenotypic differences among strains, including chemical sensitivity. To test this hypothesis, we performed mRNA sequencing on three different strains (NIES, England, and Clone 5) of D. magna under culture conditions. The resulting expression profile of the NIES strain was clearly different compared to the profiles of the other two strains. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis suggested that chitin metabolism was significantly enriched in the NIES strain compared to that in the England strain. Consistent with the GO analysis, evidence of high levels of chitin metabolism in the NIES strain were observed across multiple levels of biological organization, such as expression of chitin synthase genes, chitin content, and chitinase activity, which suggested that the different strains would exhibit different sensitivities to chemicals used to inhibit chitin synthesis. We found that among all strains, the NIES strain was more tolerant to diflubenzuron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, with a 14-fold difference in the 48 h-EC50 value for the acute immobilization test compared to the England strain. The present study demonstrates that the differences among strains in chitin metabolism may lead to sensitivity difference to diflubenzuron, and serves as a case study of the usefulness of comprehensive gene expression profiles in finding sensitivity differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Kato
- Department of Natural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan; Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Okamura
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kyoshiro Hiki
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kintsu
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Keiko Nohara
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamagishi
- Department of Natural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan; Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Nakajima
- Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Haruna Watanabe
- Department of Natural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan; Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Department of Natural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan; Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
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Li G, Zhang J, Liu XY, Niu J, Wang JJ. De novo RNA-Seq and Annotation of Sesquiterpenoid and Ecdysteroid Biosynthesis Genes and MicroRNAs in a Spider Mite Eotetranychus kankitus. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:2543-2552. [PMID: 34668540 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Eotetranychus kankitus is an important mite pest in citrus, but molecular data on the developmental processes of E. kankitus are lacking. The different development stages mix of E. kankitus was used to sequence for transcriptome and small RNAs to identify genes and predict miRNAs associated with sesquiterpenoid and ecdysteroid biosynthesis and signaling pathways. More than 36 million clean reads were assembled and 67,927 unigenes were generated. Of the unigenes, 19,300 were successfully annotated through annotation databases NR, SwissProt, COG, GO, KEGG, PFAM, and KOG. The transcripts were involved in sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis (11 genes) and ecdysteroid biosynthesis and signaling pathway (13 genes). Another, small RNA library was obtained and 31 conserved miRNAs were identified. Five most abundant miRNAs were Ek-miR-5735, Ek-miR-1, Ek-miR-263a, Ek-miR-184, and Ek-miR-8. The target genes related to sesquiterpenoid and ecdysteroid showed that 10 of the conserved miRNAs could potentially target the sesquiterpenoid and ecdysteroid pathway according to four-prediction software, sRNAT, miRanda, RNAhybrid, and Risearch2. Thus, the results of this study will provide bioinformatics information for further molecular studies of E. kankitus which may facilitate improved pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xun-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jinzhi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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Tsitrina AA, Krasylov IV, Maltsev DI, Andreichenko IN, Moskvina VS, Ivankov DN, Bulgakova EV, Nesterchuk M, Shashkovskaya V, Dashenkova NO, Khilya VP, Mikaelyan A, Kotelevtsev Y. Inhibition of hyaluronan secretion by novel coumarin compounds and chitin synthesis inhibitors. Glycobiology 2021; 31:959-974. [PMID: 33978736 PMCID: PMC8434796 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma levels of hyaluronic acid (HA) is a disease marker in liver pathology and other inflammatory disorders. Inhibition of HA synthesis with coumarin 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) has a beneficial effect in animal models of fibrosis, inflammation, cancer and metabolic syndrome. 4MU is an active compound of approved choleretic drug hymecromone with low bioavailability and a broad spectrum of action. New, more specific and efficient inhibitors of hyaluronan synthases (HAS) are required. We have tested several newly synthesized coumarin compounds and commercial chitin synthesis inhibitors to inhibit HA production in cell culture assay. Coumarin derivative compound VII (10'-methyl-6'-phenyl-3'H-spiro[piperidine-4,2'-pyrano[3,2-g]chromene]-4',8'-dione) demonstrated inhibition of HA secretion by NIH3T3 cells with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 1.69 ± 0.75 μΜ superior to 4MU (IC50 = 8.68 ± 1.6 μΜ). Inhibitors of chitin synthesis, etoxazole, buprofezin, triflumuron, reduced HA deposition with IC50 of 4.21 ± 3.82 μΜ, 1.24 ± 0.87 μΜ and 1.48 ± 1.44 μΜ, respectively. Etoxazole reduced HA production and prevented collagen fibre formation in the CCl4 liver fibrosis model in mice similar to 4MU. Bioinformatics analysis revealed homology between chitin synthases and HAS enzymes, particularly in the pore-forming domain, containing the proposed site for etoxazole binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A Tsitrina
- Laboratory of problems of regeneration, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor V Krasylov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmitry I Maltsev
- Laboratory of problems of regeneration, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina N Andreichenko
- Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143025 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktoria S Moskvina
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmitry N Ivankov
- Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143025 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Bulgakova
- Laboratory of problems of regeneration, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Nesterchuk
- Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143025 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera Shashkovskaya
- Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143025 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya O Dashenkova
- Laboratory of problems of regeneration, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Khilya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Arsen Mikaelyan
- Laboratory of problems of regeneration, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri Kotelevtsev
- Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143025 Moscow, Russia
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Masetti A, Depalo L, Pasqualini E. Impact of Triflumuron on Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): Laboratory and Field Studies. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:1709-1715. [PMID: 34104951 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Halyomorpha halys, (the brown marmorated stink bug, BMSB), is a high-concern invasive species causing severe damage to orchards in many countries outside its native Asian range. Control options matching both effectiveness and sustainability are currently lacking. Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis might be exploited for integrated management programs because of the overall better ecotoxicological profile in comparison with most neurotoxic insecticides used so far against BMSB. In this study, the activity of triflumuron, a benzoylphenyl urea hampering chitin biosynthesis, was tested on BMSB in laboratory and field conditions. In laboratory bioassays, the insecticide was sprayed on potted peach plants (30 cm high) and residues were aged in a glasshouse for 0, 7, 14, and 21 d. Then, third-instar bugs were placed on the plants and continuously exposed to residues. Mortality was scored after 7, 14, and 21 d exposure. Triflumuron caused significantly higher mortality on BMSB nymphs in comparison with water controls at all aging periods. Moreover, aging of residues up to 21 d did not cause any significant reduction of activity. Field experiments were also carried out in 2019 in eight pear orchards. Injuries to fruits at harvest were compared between plots where triflumuron was added to insecticide sprays against BMSB and control plots managed exactly in the same way but without any triflumuron treatment. An overall mean of 9.99 ± 1.98% stink bug injured fruits was detected in plots managed with the strategy including triflumuron, whereas 19.45 ± 3.55% of fruits were injured in plots assigned to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Masetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma mater studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Depalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma mater studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Edison Pasqualini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma mater studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Yao Q, Quan LF, Xu S, Dong YZ, Li WJ, Chen BX. Effect of diflubenzuron on the chitin biosynthesis pathway in Conopomorpha sinensis eggs. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1061-1075. [PMID: 32686293 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conopomorpha sinensis is the dominant borer pest of Litchi chinensis (litchi) and Euphoria longan (longan) in China. Control of C. sinensis is difficult because of its cryptic life habit; thus, an effective ovicide could be beneficial. The larvicidal effects of diflubenzuron (DFB) have been documented in many insect pest species. Therefore, DFB might be a useful ovicide to control C. sinensis. However, the detailed mode of action of DFB interference with insect molting and egg hatching is unclear. Thus, we studied alterations in expression of all genes potentially affected by DFB treatment using a transcriptome approach in 2-d-old C. sinensis eggs. Clean reads were assembled to generate 203 455 unigenes and 440 558 transcripts. A total of 4625 differently expressed genes, which included 2670 up-regulated and 1955 down-regulated unigenes, were identified. Chitin binding and chitin metabolic processes were among the most significant enriched pathways according to Gene Ontology analyses. Most of the genes that encode enzymes involved in the chitin biosynthesis pathway were unaffected, whereas genes that presumably encode cuticle proteins were up-regulated. Furthermore, altered expression patterns of 10 genes involved in the chitin biosynthesis pathway of C. sinensis embryos were observed in response to DFB treatment at different time points by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We also observed abnormal development; there was reduced chitin content and modulated chitin distribution of newly hatched larvae, and altered egg hatching. Our findings illustrate an ovicidal effect of DFB on C. sinensis, and reveal more molecular consequences of DFB treatment on insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lin-Fa Quan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yi-Zhi Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bing-Xu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Mastrantonio V, Porretta D, Lucchesi V, Güz N, Çağatay NS, Bellini R, Vontas J, Urbanelli S. Evolution of Adaptive Variation in the Mosquito Culex pipiens: Multiple Independent Origins of Insecticide Resistance Mutations. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12080676. [PMID: 34442242 PMCID: PMC8396673 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The application of insecticides to control insect pests can result in the evolution of resistance. Within a population, the individuals carrying the resistant mutation survive after insecticide application while the others die, leading to the spread of resistance. The finding that the same mutations confer insecticide resistance in different species or populations raises the question how often these mutations arise in natural populations. Resistant mutations can originate once within a population and then spread. Alternatively, multiple origins can occur within the same population or in different geographic areas. Here, we used a phylogenetic approach to investigate the origin of three mutations conferring resistance to diflubenzuron insecticide in Italian and Turkish populations of the mosquito Culex pipiens. Our results support a scenario of multiple origins of the mutations. Resistance is a major threat to mosquito control, and these findings help inform resistance management. At the same time, insecticide resistance is an informative model for studying the origin of adaptive variation. In the words of Rachel Carson, “If Darwin were alive today, he would be astounded and delighted by the impressive verification that his theories of the survival of the fittest are receiving from the insect world” (Silent Spring, 1962) Abstract Insecticide resistance is an informative model for studying the appearance of adaptive traits. Simultaneously, understanding how many times resistance mutations originate is essential to design effective resistance management. In the mosquito Culex pipiens, target–site resistance to the insecticide diflubenzuron (DFB) has been recently found in Italian and Turkish populations. Three point mutations confer it at the codon 1043 of the chitin synthase 1 gene (chs-1): I1043L, I1043M, and I1043F. Whether the resistant mutations originated independently from different susceptible alleles or sequentially from resistant alleles and whether resistant alleles from Italy and Turkey have originated once or multiple times remain unresolved. Here, we sequenced a fragment of the chs-1 gene carrying the resistant mutations and inferred the phylogenetic relationships among susceptible and resistant alleles. Confirming previous findings, we found the three mutations in Italy and the I1043M in Turkey. Notably, the I1043F was also found for the first time in Turkish samples, highlighting the need for extensive monitoring activities. Phylogenetic analyses are consistent with an independent origin of the I1043F, I1043M, and I1043L mutations from different susceptible alleles and with multiple independent origins of the Italian and Turkish I1043M and I1043F alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Mastrantonio
- Department of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (V.L.); (S.U.)
| | - Daniele Porretta
- Department of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (V.L.); (S.U.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Lucchesi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (V.L.); (S.U.)
| | - Nurper Güz
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey; (N.G.); (N.S.Ç.)
| | - Naciye Sena Çağatay
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey; (N.G.); (N.S.Ç.)
| | - Romeo Bellini
- Medical and Veterinary Entomology Department, Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “G. Nicoli”, 40014 Bologna, Italy;
| | - John Vontas
- Department of Crop Science, Pesticide Science Lab, Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sandra Urbanelli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (V.L.); (S.U.)
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Guo L, Fan XY, Qiao X, Montell C, Huang J. An octopamine receptor confers selective toxicity of amitraz on honeybees and Varroa mites. eLife 2021; 10:68268. [PMID: 34263722 PMCID: PMC8313232 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Varroa destructor mite is a devastating parasite of Apis mellifera honeybees. They can cause colonies to collapse by spreading viruses and feeding on the fat reserves of adults and larvae. Amitraz is used to control mites due to its low toxicity to bees; however, the mechanism of bee resistance to amitraz remains unknown. In this study, we found that amitraz and its major metabolite potently activated all four mite octopamine receptors. Behavioral assays using Drosophila null mutants of octopamine receptors identified one receptor subtype Octβ2R as the sole target of amitraz in vivo. We found that thermogenetic activation of octβ2R-expressing neurons mimics amitraz poisoning symptoms in target pests. We next confirmed that the mite Octβ2R was more sensitive to amitraz and its metabolite than the bee Octβ2R in pharmacological assays and transgenic flies. Furthermore, replacement of three bee-specific residues with the counterparts in the mite receptor increased amitraz sensitivity of the bee Octβ2R, indicating that the relative insensitivity of their receptor is the major mechanism for honeybees to resist amitraz. The present findings have important implications for resistance management and the design of safer insecticides that selectively target pests while maintaining low toxicity to non-target pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yu Fan
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomu Qiao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Craig Montell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States
| | - Jia Huang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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CRISPR/Cas9 modified An. gambiae carrying kdr mutation L1014F functionally validate its contribution in insecticide resistance and combined effect with metabolic enzymes. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009556. [PMID: 34228718 PMCID: PMC8284791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insecticide resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes is a major obstacle in maintaining the momentum in reducing the malaria burden; mitigating strategies require improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Mutations in the target site of insecticides (the voltage gated sodium channel for the most widely used pyrethroid class) and over-expression of detoxification enzymes are commonly reported, but their relative contribution to phenotypic resistance remain poorly understood. Here we present a genome editing pipeline to introduce single nucleotide polymorphisms in An. gambiae which we have used to study the effect of the classical kdr mutation L1014F (L995F based on An. gambiae numbering), one of the most widely distributed resistance alleles. Introduction of 1014F in an otherwise fully susceptible genetic background increased levels of resistance to all tested pyrethroids and DDT ranging from 9.9-fold for permethrin to >24-fold for DDT. The introduction of the 1014F allele was sufficient to reduce mortality of mosquitoes after exposure to deltamethrin treated bednets, even as the only resistance mechanism present. When 1014F was combined with over-expression of glutathione transferase Gste2, resistance to permethrin increased further demonstrating the critical combined effect between target site resistance and detoxification enzymes in vivo. We also show that mosquitoes carrying the 1014F allele in homozygosity showed fitness disadvantages including increased mortality at the larval stage and a reduction in fecundity and adult longevity, which can have consequences for the strength of selection that will apply to this allele in the field. Escalation of pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes threatens to reduce the effectiveness of our most important tools in malaria control. Studying the mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance is critical to design mitigation strategies. Here, using genome modified mosquitoes, we functionally characterize the most prevalent mutation in resistant mosquitoes, showing that it confers substantial levels of resistance to all tested pyrethroids and undermines the performance of pyrethroid-treated nets. Furthermore, we show that combining this mutation with elevated levels of a detoxification enzyme further increases resistance. The pipeline we have developed provides a robust approach to quantifying the contribution of different combinations of resistance mechanisms to the overall phenotype, providing the missing link between resistance monitoring and predictions of resistance impact.
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Gong C, Wang X, Huang Q, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhan X, Zhang S, Hasnain A, Ruan Y, Shen L. The fitness advantages of bistrifluron resistance related to chitin synthase A in Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:3458-3468. [PMID: 33822459 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spodoptera litura is one of the major agricultural pests in China, and it has developed serious resistance to many traditional chemical insecticides. In the present study, the bistrifluron-resistant (Bis-SEL) strain accompanied by a higher oviposition, 113.8-fold RR compared to the bistrifluron-susceptible (Bis-UNSEL) strain, was obtained by bidirectional screening. A comparison of their gonad coefficiency and genes related to oviposition or resistance was used to elucidate the resurgence mechanism. RESULTS The ovarian index, oviposition, and potential egg production in the Bis-SEL strain of female adults were significantly higher than those in the Bis-UNSEL strain, and the length of ovariole in the Bis-SEL strain was also significantly elongated. The protein contents of vitellogenin (Vg) and vitellogenin receptor (VgR) in the Bis-UNSEL strain were lower than those in the Bis-SEL strain, consistent with their gene expressions levels, and there was a significantly positive linear correlation between Vg and VgR protein contents, further confirming that resistant strains have high reproductive fitness. Moreover, the chitin synthase A in the Bis-SEL strain was clearly up-regulated, and a mutation (H866Y) near the QRRRW in the catalytic domain caused a rise in the hydrogen bond between UDP-GlcNAc and chitin synthase, and its chitin content was higher than that in the Bis-UNSEL strain. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of the Bis-SEL strain to bistrifluron was significantly recovered when it was knocked down though RNA interference. CONCLUSION The fitness advantages of bistrifluron resistance may be related to the up-regulation and mution of chitin synthase A. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Gong
- Biorational Pesticide Research Lab, College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuegui Wang
- Biorational Pesticide Research Lab, College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Biorational Pesticide Research Lab, College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyue Zhang
- Biorational Pesticide Research Lab, College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- Biorational Pesticide Research Lab, College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhan
- Biorational Pesticide Research Lab, College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuirong Zhang
- Biorational Pesticide Research Lab, College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ali Hasnain
- Biorational Pesticide Research Lab, College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanwei Ruan
- Biorational Pesticide Research Lab, College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Litao Shen
- Biorational Pesticide Research Lab, College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Molecular Characterization of Chitin Synthase Gene in Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) and Its Response to Sublethal Concentrations of an Insecticide. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12060501. [PMID: 34071207 PMCID: PMC8227100 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, we identified chitin synthase 1 gene (TcCHS1) from Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) and then explored the gene expression levels of TcCHS1 at different developmental stages of T. cinnabarinus. We also investigated the effects of sublethal concentrations of diflubenzuron on the toxicities and survivals of T. cinnabarinus eggs and larvae as well as TcCHS1 expression levels. Our results demonstrated that TcCHS1 was essential for growth and development, and diflubenzuron exposure affected chitin metabolism. This work was undertaken to establish a foundation for further research on the functions of chitin synthase. It will provide a new target for controlling of T. cinnabarinus in the agricultural ecosystem. Abstract The carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval), is one of the most important acarine pest species. At present, its control remains primarily dependent on using various chemical insecticides/acaricides in agricultural crops worldwide. To clarify the mechanism whereby T. cinnabarinus responds to insecticide exposure, we identified the chitin synthase 1 gene (TcCHS1) and then explored the gene expression levels of TcCHS1 at different developmental stages of T. cinnabarinus. We also investigated the effects of sublethal concentrations of diflubenzuron on the toxicities and survivals of T. cinnabarinus eggs and larvae as well as TcCHS1 expression levels. The full-length cDNA sequence contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 4881 nucleotides that encoded for a 1474 amino acid residues protein. The predicted TcCHS1 protein had a molecular mass of 168.35 kDa and an isoelectric point of 6.26, and its amino acid sequence contained all the signature motifs (EDR, QRRRW and TWGTR) of chitin synthases. The results of phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the putative CHS1 amino acid sequence of T. cinnabarinus revealed high similarities with chitin synthases in other insects and mites. Additionally, at the molecular level, transcriptional analysis by real-time quantitative PCR in different developmental stages of T. cinnabarinus revealed that TcCHS1 mRNA was expressed in all stages, and highest in eggs and female adults, but lowest in deutonymphs. Furthermore, the results of toxicity bioassays indicated that diflubenzuron treatment resulted in high mortality rates in eggs and larvae of T. cinnabarinus. The mRNA expression levels of TcCHS1 from the eggs and larvae of T. cinnabarinus were up-regulated in response to sublethal concentrations of diflubenzuron exposures. Together, all these results demonstrate that diflubenzuron has ovicidal and larvicidal effects and TcCHS1 may play an important role in the growth and development of T. cinnabarinus and may disrupt the chitin biosynthesis, thereby controlling T. cinnabarinus populations.
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Pantha P, Chalivendra S, Oh DH, Elderd BD, Dassanayake M. A Tale of Two Transcriptomic Responses in Agricultural Pests via Host Defenses and Viral Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3568. [PMID: 33808210 PMCID: PMC8037200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Autographa californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is a baculovirus that causes systemic infections in many arthropod pests. The specific molecular processes underlying the biocidal activity of AcMNPV on its insect hosts are largely unknown. We describe the transcriptional responses in two major pests, Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) and Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper), to determine the host-pathogen responses during systemic infection, concurrently with the viral response to the host. We assembled species-specific transcriptomes of the hemolymph to identify host transcriptional responses during systemic infection and assessed the viral transcript abundance in infected hemolymph from both species. We found transcriptional suppression of chitin metabolism and tracheal development in infected hosts. Synergistic transcriptional support was observed to suggest suppression of immune responses and induction of oxidative stress indicating disease progression in the host. The entire AcMNPV core genome was expressed in the infected host hemolymph with a proportional high abundance detected for viral transcripts associated with replication, structure, and movement. Interestingly, several of the host genes that were targeted by AcMNPV as revealed by our study are also targets of chemical insecticides currently used commercially to control arthropod pests. Our results reveal an extensive overlap between biological processes represented by transcriptional responses in both hosts, as well as convergence on highly abundant viral genes expressed in the two hosts, providing an overview of the host-pathogen transcriptomic landscape during systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bret D. Elderd
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (P.P.); (S.C.); (D.-H.O.)
| | - Maheshi Dassanayake
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (P.P.); (S.C.); (D.-H.O.)
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Mori K, Tokuoka H, Miyagawa H, Nakagawa Y. Isoxaben analogs inhibit chitin synthesis in the cultured integument of the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2021; 46:120-123. [PMID: 33746554 PMCID: PMC7953024 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d20-076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Benzoylphenylureas (BPUs) were discovered as novel type insecticides about a half century ago; many analogs have been launched as insecticides and acaricides. BPUs are known to inhibit chitin synthesis in insects and other arthropods, but they have no effect against microorganisms such as fungi. We designed new chitin synthesis inhibitors based on the hypothesis that biomolecules that play important roles in cellulose and chitin biosynthesis are similar. In the full automatic modeling system (FAMS), the cellulose synthase was selected as a template three-dimensional structure. Thus, we focused on the structure of cellulose synthase inhibitor, isoxaben, to develop new chemistry. The 1,1-diethylethyl [-C(CH3)(CH2CH3)2] group of isoxaben was changed to a 4-substituted phenyl group bearing Cl, Et, or Ph. These compounds significantly inhibited chitin synthesis in the cultured integument of the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis. The activity of the 4-ethylphenyl analog was enhanced 30-fold by adding piperonyl butoxide to the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Mori
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan
| | - Hideya Tokuoka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan
| | - Hisashi Miyagawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakagawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan
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Vandenhole M, Dermauw W, Van Leeuwen T. Short term transcriptional responses of P450s to phytochemicals in insects and mites. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 43:117-127. [PMID: 33373700 PMCID: PMC8082277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) play a key role in the detoxification of phytochemicals in arthropod herbivores. We present here an overview of recent progress in understanding the breadth and specificity of gene expression plasticity of P450s in response to phytochemicals. We discuss experimental setups and new findings in mechanisms of P450 regulation. Whole genome transcriptomic analysis of arthropod herbivores, either after direct administration of phytochemicals or after host plant shifts, allowed to integrate various levels of chemical complexity and lead to the unbiased identification of responsive P450 genes. However, despite progress in identification of inducible P450s, the link between induction and metabolism is still largely unexplored, and to what extent the overall response is biologically functional should be further investigated. In the near future, such studies will be more straightforward as forward and reverse genetic tools become more readily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilou Vandenhole
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Iinks 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Iinks 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Iinks 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Papapostolou KM, Riga M, Charamis J, Skoufa E, Souchlas V, Ilias A, Dermauw W, Ioannidis P, Van Leeuwen T, Vontas J. Identification and characterization of striking multiple-insecticide resistance in a Tetranychus urticae field population from Greece. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:666-676. [PMID: 33051974 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetranychus urticae is a notorious crop pest with a worldwide distribution that has developed resistance to a wide range of acaricides. Here, we investigated the resistance levels of a T. urticae population collected from an ornamental greenhouse in Peloponnese, Greece, and analyzed its resistance mechanisms at the molecular level. RESULTS Toxicological assays showed resistance against compounds with different modes of action, with resistance ratios of: 89-fold for abamectin; > 1000-fold for clofentezine; > 5000-fold for etoxazole; 27-fold for fenpyroximate and pyridaben; 20- and 36-fold for spirodiclofen and spirotetramat, respectively; and 116- and > 500-fold for cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen, respectively. Bioassays with synergists indicated the involvement of detoxification enzymes in resistance to abamectin, but not to cyflumetofen and spirodiclofen. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed significant over-expression of several genes encoding detoxification enzymes such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and UDP-glycosyltransferases, which have been previously associated with acaricide resistance. Known target-site resistance mutations were identified in acetyl-choline esterase, chitin synthase 1 and NDUFS7/psst, but putative novel resistance mutations were also discovered in targets such as glutamate-gated chloride channel subunit 3. Interestingly, target-site resistance mutations against pyrethroids or bifenazate were not identified, possibly indicating a recent reduced selection pressure in Greece, as well as a possible opportunity to rotate these chemistries. CONCLUSION We identified and characterized a striking case of multiple acaricide resistance in a field population of T. urticae. Exceptionally strong resistance phenotypes, with accumulation of multiple resistance mutations and over-expression of P450s and other detoxification genes in the same field population are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Maria Papapostolou
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Riga
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jason Charamis
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Evangelia Skoufa
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vassilis Souchlas
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aris Ilias
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Panagiotis Ioannidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Harðardóttir HM, Male R, Nilsen F, Dalvin S. Chitin Synthases Are Critical for Reproduction, Molting, and Digestion in the Salmon Louse ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis). Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010047. [PMID: 33450932 PMCID: PMC7828418 DOI: 10.3390/life11010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin synthase (CHS) is a large transmembrane enzyme that polymerizes Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine into chitin. The genomes of insects often encode two chitin synthases, CHS1 and CHS2. Their functional roles have been investigated in several insects: CHS1 is mainly responsible for synthesizing chitin in the cuticle and CHS2 in the midgut. Lepeophtheirus salmonis is an ectoparasitic copepod on salmonid fish, which causes significant economic losses in aquaculture. In the present study, the tissue-specific localization, expression, and functional role of L. salmonis chitin synthases, LsCHS1 and LsCHS2, were investigated. The expressions of LsCHS1 and LsCHS2 were found in oocytes, ovaries, intestine, and integument. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) chitin staining signals were detected in ovaries, oocytes, intestine, cuticle, and intestine in adult female L. salmonis. The functional roles of the LsCHSs were investigated using RNA interference (RNAi) to silence the expression of LsCHS1 and LsCHS2. Knockdown of LsCHS1 in pre-adult I lice resulted in lethal phenotypes with cuticle deformation and deformation of ovaries and oocytes in adult lice. RNAi knockdown of LsCHS2 in adult female L. salmonis affected digestion, damaged the gut microvilli, reduced muscular tissues around the gut, and affected offspring. The results demonstrate that both LsCHS1 and LsCHS2 are important for the survival and reproduction in L. salmonis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulda María Harðardóttir
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; (R.M.); (F.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rune Male
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; (R.M.); (F.N.)
| | - Frank Nilsen
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; (R.M.); (F.N.)
| | - Sussie Dalvin
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway;
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Wang Y, Gao L, Moussian B. Drosophila, Chitin and Insect Pest Management. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:3546-3553. [PMID: 32693764 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200721002354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Insects are a great menace in agriculture and vectors of human diseases. Hence, controlling insect populations is an important issue worldwide. A common strategy to control insects is the application of insecticides. However, insecticides entail three major problems. First, insecticides are chemicals that stress ecosystems and may even be harmful to humans. Second, insecticides are often unspecific and also eradicate beneficial insect species like the honeybee. Third, insects are able to develop resistance to insecticides. Therefore, the efficient generation of new potent insecticides and their intelligent delivery are the major tasks in agriculture. In addition, acceptance or refusal in society is a major issue that has to be considered in the application of a pest management strategy. In this paper, we unify two issues: 1) we illustrate that our molecular knowledge of the chitin synthesis and organization pathways may offer new opportunities to design novel insecticides that are environmentally harmless at the same time being specific to a pest species; and 2) we advocate that the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster may serve as an excellent model of insect to study the effects of insecticides at the genetic, molecular and histology level in order to better understand their mode of action and to optimize their impact. Especially, chitin synthesis and organization proteins and enzymes are excellently dissected in the fruit fly, providing a rich source for new insecticide targets. Thus, D. melanogaster offers a cheap, efficient and fast assay system to address agricultural questions, as has been demonstrated to be the case in bio-medical research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Lujuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology (Ifiz), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Jeschke P. Status and outlook for acaricide and insecticide discovery. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:64-76. [PMID: 32926594 PMCID: PMC7756306 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To guarantee sustainability and progress, the agrochemical industry is faced with several major challenges. Currently, loss of active ingredients due to consumer perception, changing grower needs and ever-changing regulatory requirements is far higher than the number being introduced into the market. Therefore, there is a need to develop new products that can provide improved efficacy, selectivity and favorable environmental profiles. Strategies to achieve these goals are the search for acaricides and insecticides with new modes of action, or the discovery of novel molecules with activity on the most attractive target sites having resistance breaking properties against pest species. In this context, the introduction of halogen atoms or asymmetric centers into an active ingredient remains an important tool to modulate their properties, but so too is the pro-pesticide concept. This review gives an overview of agrochemicals launched over the past 8 years, reflects new insights into known mechanisms of action, and describes the status and outlook for acaricide and insecticide discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jeschke
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Crop SciencePest Control ChemistryMonheim am RheinGermany
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