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Xu B, Wu X. A comprehensive analysis to optimizing national-scale protected area systems under climate change. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 363:121408. [PMID: 38852411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
With the intensification of climate change, incorporating climate information into protected areas planning has become crucial in reducing biodiversity loss. However, the current natural reserve system in China does not take climate information into account. Therefore, we assessed the effectiveness of existing protected areas through climate refuge and connectivity rankings, and Zonation software was used to identify the ecological priority zone in China by combining climate indicators and human footprint. The results show that the current natural protected areas in China have certain limitations in dealing with climate change, and some protected areas may struggle to maintain their value in biodiversity conservation under climate change. Moreover, China still has lots of important areas that can maintain biodiversity under climate change, but most of them are not covered by protected areas. The results provide support for the planning of China's nature protected area system in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefei Wu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Ricci L, Di Musciano M, Sabatini FM, Chiarucci A, Zannini P, Gatti RC, Beierkuhnlein C, Walentowitz A, Lawrence A, Frattaroli AR, Hoffmann S. A multitaxonomic assessment of Natura 2000 effectiveness across European biogeographic regions. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14212. [PMID: 37904665 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The Natura 2000 (N2K) protected area (PA) network is a crucial tool to limit biodiversity loss in Europe. Despite covering 18% of the European Union's (EU) land area, its effectiveness at conserving biodiversity across taxa and biogeographic regions remains uncertain. Testing this effectiveness is, however, difficult because it requires considering the nonrandom location of PAs, and many possible confounding factors. We used propensity score matching and accounted for the confounding effects of biogeographic regions, terrain ruggedness, and land cover to assess the effectiveness of N2K PAs on the distribution of 1769 species of conservation priority in the EU's Birds and Habitats Directives, including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, arthropods, fishes, mollusks, and vascular and nonvascular plants. We compared alpha, beta, and gamma diversity between matched selections of protected and unprotected areas across EU's biogeographic regions with generalized linear models, generalized mixed models, and nonparametric tests for paired samples, respectively, for each taxonomic group and for the entire set of species. PAs in N2K hosted significantly more priority species than unprotected land, but this difference was not consistent across biogeographic regions or taxa. Total alpha diversity and alpha diversity of amphibians, arthropods, birds, mammals, and vascular plants were significantly higher inside PAs than outside, except in the Boreal biogeographical region. Beta diversity was in general significantly higher inside N2K PAs than outside. Similarly, gamma diversity had the highest values inside PAs, with some exceptions in Boreal and Atlantic regions. The planned expansion of the N2K network, as dictated by the European Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, should therefore target areas in the southern part of the Boreal region where species diversity of amphibians, arthropods, birds, mammals, and vascular plants is high and species are currently underrepresented in N2K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ricci
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele Di Musciano
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- BIOME Lab, BiGeA Department, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Sabatini
- BIOME Lab, BiGeA Department, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Alessandro Chiarucci
- BIOME Lab, BiGeA Department, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Zannini
- BIOME Lab, BiGeA Department, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Cazzolla Gatti
- BIOME Lab, BiGeA Department, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carl Beierkuhnlein
- Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Geographical Institute of the University of Bayreuth, GIB, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anna Walentowitz
- Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Anna Rita Frattaroli
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Samuel Hoffmann
- Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Augsburg, Germany
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3
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Chen W, Wang X, Cai Y, Huang X, Li P, Liu W, Chang Q, Hu C. Potential distribution patterns and species richness of avifauna in rapidly urbanizing East China. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11515. [PMID: 38895583 PMCID: PMC11183928 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increased species extinction and habitat loss have significantly reduced biodiversity, posing a serious threat to both nature and human survival. Environmental factors strongly influence bird distribution and diversity. The potential distribution patterns and species richness offer a conservation modeling framework for policymakers to assess the effectiveness of natural protected areas (PAs) and optimize their existing ones. Very few such studies have been published that cover a large and complete taxonomic group with fine resolution at regional scale. Here, using birds as a study group, the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) was used to analyze the pattern of bird species richness in Jiangsu Province. Using an unparalleled amount of occurrence data, we created species distribution models (SDMs) for 312 bird species to explore emerging diversity patterns at a resolution of 1 km2. The gradient of species richness is steep, decreasing sharply away from water bodies, particularly in the northern part of Jiangsu Province. The migratory status and feeding habits of birds also significantly influence the spatial distribution of avian species richness. This study reveals that the regions with high potential bird species richness are primarily distributed in three areas: the eastern coastal region, the surrounding area of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the surrounding area of Taihu Lake. Compared with species richness hotspots and existing PAs, we found that the majority of hotspots are well-protected. However, only a small portion of the regions, such as coastal areas of Sheyang County in Yancheng City, as well as some regions along the Yangtze River in Nanjing and Zhenjiang, currently have relatively weak protection. Using stacked SDMs, our study reveals effective insights into diversity patterns, directly informing conservation policies and contributing to macroecological research advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Chen
- College of Environment and EcologyJiangsu Open University (The City Vocational College of Jiangsu)NanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Xuan Wang
- Jiangsu Academy of ForestryNanjingJiangsuChina
- College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Yangzhou Urban Forest Ecosystem National Research StationYangzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Yuanyuan Cai
- Shanghai International Airport Co., Ltd. Pudong International AirportShanghaiChina
| | - Xinglong Huang
- College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Peng Li
- College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Wei Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental ProtectionNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Qing Chang
- College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Chaochao Hu
- College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Analytical and Testing CenterNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
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4
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Cui Y, Carmona CP, Wang Z. Identifying global conservation priorities for terrestrial vertebrates based on multiple dimensions of biodiversity. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14205. [PMID: 37855155 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity calls for an expansion of the current protected areas (PAs) to cover at least 30% of global land and water areas by 2030 (i.e., the 30×30 target). Efficient spatial planning for PA expansion is an urgent need for global conservation practice. A spatial prioritization framework considering multiple dimensions of biodiversity is critical for improving the efficiency of the spatial planning of PAs, yet it remains a challenge. We developed an index for the identification of priority areas based on functionally rare, evolutionarily distinct, and globally endangered species (FREDGE) and applied it to 21,536 terrestrial vertebrates. We determined species distributions, conservation status (global endangerment), molecular phylogenies (evolutionary distinctiveness), and life-history traits (functional rarity). Madagascar, Central America, and the Andes were of high priority for the conservation of multiple dimensions of terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity. However, 68.8% of grid cells in these priority areas had <17% of their area covered by PAs, and these priority areas were under intense anthropogenic and climate change threats. These results highlight the difficulties of conserving multiple dimensions of biodiversity. Our global analyses of the geographical patterns of multiple dimensions of terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity demonstrate the insufficiency of the conservation of different biodiversity dimensions, and our index, based on multiple dimensions of biodiversity, provides a useful tool for guiding future spatial prioritization of PA expansion to achieve the 30×30 target under serious pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cui
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zhiheng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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5
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Xu W, Wu YH, Zhou WW, Chen HM, Zhang BL, Chen JM, Xu W, Rao DQ, Zhao H, Yan F, Yuan Z, Jiang K, Jin JQ, Hou M, Zou D, Wang LJ, Zheng Y, Li JT, Jiang J, Zeng XM, Chen Y, Liao ZY, Li C, Li XY, Gao W, Wang K, Zhang DR, Lu C, Yin T, Ding Z, Zhao GG, Chai J, Zhao WG, Zhang YP, Wiens JJ, Che J. Hidden hotspots of amphibian biodiversity in China. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320674121. [PMID: 38684007 PMCID: PMC11098104 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320674121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying and protecting hotspots of endemism and species richness is crucial for mitigating the global biodiversity crisis. However, our understanding of spatial diversity patterns is far from complete, which severely limits our ability to conserve biodiversity hotspots. Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of amphibian species diversity in China, one of the most species-rich countries on Earth. Our study combines 20 y of field surveys with new molecular analyses of 521 described species and also identifies 100 potential cryptic species. We identify 10 hotspots of amphibian diversity in China, each with exceptional species richness and endemism and with exceptional phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic endemism (based on a new time-calibrated, species-level phylogeny for Chinese amphibians). These 10 hotspots encompass 59.6% of China's described amphibian species, 49.0% of cryptic species, and 55.6% of species endemic to China. Only four of these 10 hotspots correspond to previously recognized biodiversity hotspots. The six new hotspots include the Nanling Mountains and other mountain ranges in South China. Among the 186 species in the six new hotspots, only 9.7% are well covered by protected areas and most (88.2%) are exposed to high human impacts. Five of the six new hotspots are under very high human pressure and are in urgent need of protection. We also find that patterns of richness in cryptic species are significantly related to those in described species but are not identical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
| | - Yun-He Wu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar
| | - Wei-Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
| | - Hong-Man Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
| | - Bao-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
| | - Jin-Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
| | - Weihua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
| | - Ding-Qi Rao
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
| | - Haipeng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
| | - Zhiyong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
| | - Mian Hou
- Institute of Continuing Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu610068, China
| | - Dahu Zou
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
- College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa850000, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou571158, China
| | - Yuchi Zheng
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Jia-Tang Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Jianping Jiang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Xiao-Mao Zeng
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Youhua Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Zi-Yan Liao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Xue-You Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar
| | - Dong-Ru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
| | - Chenqi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650204, China
| | - Tingting Yin
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
| | - Zhaoli Ding
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
| | - Gui-Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
| | - Jing Chai
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
| | - Wen-Ge Zhao
- Department of Biology, College of Life and Environment Science, Harbin Normal University, Harbin150080, China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
| | - John J. Wiens
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ85721-0088
| | - Jing Che
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar
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Sharnuud R, Ameca EI. Taxonomy, distribution, and contemporary exposure of terrestrial mammals to floods and human pressure across different areas for biodiversity conservation in China. Integr Zool 2024; 19:458-467. [PMID: 37553291 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
A significant research focus is placed on identifying animal species and areas at future risk to human-induced alterations of the environment and long-term changes in climatic conditions. Yet, the extent to which exposure to extreme climatic events and intense human pressure can increase the risk of harmful impacts on species remains poorly investigated. Focusing on terrestrial mammals in China, one of the world's megadiverse countries, we investigated patterns of contemporary exposure to floods and human pressures and determined their taxonomic representation and distribution across three major area-based conservation schemes, namely, national nature reserves (NNRs), priority areas for biodiversity conservation (PABCs), and key biodiversity areas (KBAs). Among the 440 species assessed with moderate or high exposure to floods, 327 (∼75%) also qualified as moderate or high in exposure to intense human pressure. These species mainly belong to the orders Chiroptera, Eulipotyphla, and Rodentia. Likewise, there were 305, 311, and 311 species with moderate or high exposure to flood and intense human pressure represented across NNRs, PABCs, and KBAs, respectively. Our findings support the prioritization of KBAs for expansion of site-based protection efforts such as NNRs in China, considering threats to species from exposure to adverse effects from both extreme climate and human pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Sharnuud
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Eric I Ameca
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Climate Change Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland
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Li C, Hou R, Bao Z, Wu W, Owens JR, Bi W, Xu Q, Gu X, Xiang Z, Qi D. Measuring ecosystem services and ecological sensitivity for comprehensive conservation in Giant Panda National Park. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14215. [PMID: 37990845 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
China announced the development of its first 5 national parks in 2021, the primary objective of which is to conserve the natural state and integrity of natural ecosystems. As such, ecosystem services and biodiversity levels are crucial assessment factors for the parks. For Giant Panda National Park (GPNP), we evaluated ecological sensitivity based on water and soil erosion and rocky desertification; ecosystem services based on headwater conservation, soil and water conservation, and biodiversity conservation; and presence of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and sympatric species (e.g., takin [Budorcas taxicolor], Asiatic black bear [Ursus thibetanus]) habitat suitability derived from niche modeling to identify the ecosystem status and assess ecological problems within the park. From our results, we proposed ecologically critical areas to target to meet the park's goals. The suitable habitat for pandas and sympatric species encompassed 62.98% of the park and occurred mainly in the Minshan Mountains. One quarter of the total area (25.67%) contained areas important for ecosystem services. Ecologically sensitive and extremely sensitive areas covered 88.78% of the park and were distributed mainly in Qionglaishan and Minshan Mountains. This coverage indicated that there was much habitat for pandas and sympatric species but that the ecosystems in GPNP are vulnerable. Therefore, ecologically critical areas encompassed all suitable habitats for all the species examined and areas important and extremely important to ecosystem service provision,ecologically sensitive and extremely sensitive areas, encompassed 15.17% of panda habitat, accounted for 16.37% of the GPNP area, and were distributed mainly in the Minshan Mountains. Our results indicated where conservation efforts should be focused in the park and that by identifying ecologically critical areas managers can provide targeted protection for wildlife habitat and ecosystems and effectively and efficiently protect the composite ecosystem. Additionally, our methods can be used to inform development of new national parks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziqiang Bao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Jacob R Owens
- Los Angeles Zoo & Botanical Gardens, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wenlei Bi
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- World Wide Fund for Nature, China Office, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoDong Gu
- Sichuan Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Chengdu, China
| | - Zuofu Xiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Dunwu Qi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
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Zhang H, Wei Y, Yue J, Wang Z, Zou H, Ji X, Zhang S, Liu Z. Prediction of Potential Suitable Areas and Priority Protection for Cupressus gigantea on the Tibetan Plateau. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:896. [PMID: 38592903 PMCID: PMC10974514 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Cupressus gigantea (C. gigantea) is an endemic endangered species on the Tibetan Plateau; its potential suitable areas and priority protection in the context of global climate change remain poorly predicted. This study utilized Biomod2 and Marxan to assess the potential suitable areas and priority protection for C. gigantea. Our study revealed that the suitable areas of C. gigantea were concentrated in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, with the center in Lang County. Temperature was identified as a crucial environmental factor influencing the distribution of C. gigantea. Over the coming decades, the suitable range of C. gigantea expanded modestly, while its overall distribution remained relatively stable. Moreover, the center of the highly suitable areas tended to migrate towards Milin County in the northeast. Presently, significant areas for improvement are needed to establish protected areas for C. gigantea. The most feasible priority protected areas were located between the Lang and Milin counties in Tibet, which have more concentrated and undisturbed habitats. These results provide scientific guidance for the conservation and planning of C. gigantea, contributing to the stability and sustainability of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayong Zhang
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China (H.Z.)
- Theoretical Ecology and Engineering Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 250100, China
| | - Yanan Wei
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China (H.Z.)
| | - Junjie Yue
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China (H.Z.)
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China (H.Z.)
| | - Hengchao Zou
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China (H.Z.)
| | - Xiande Ji
- Energy Conversion Group, Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 6, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shijia Zhang
- Research Group WILD Department Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zhao Liu
- Theoretical Ecology and Engineering Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 250100, China
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9
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Wei D, Tao J, Wang Z, Zhao H, Zhao W, Wang X. Elevation-dependent pattern of net CO 2 uptake across China. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2489. [PMID: 38509103 PMCID: PMC10954722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The elevation gradient has long been known to be vital in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, but little is known about the elevation-dependent pattern of net CO2 uptake, denoted by net ecosystem productivity (NEP). Here, by analyzing data from 203 eddy covariance sites across China, we report a negative linear elevation-dependent pattern of NEP, collectively shaped by varying hydrothermal factors, nutrient supply, and ecosystem types. Furthermore, the NEP shows a higher temperature sensitivity in high-elevation environments (3000-5000 m) compared with the lower-elevation environments (<3000 m). Model ensemble and satellite-based observations consistently reveal more rapid relative changes in NEP in high-elevation environments during the last four decades. Machine learning also predicts a stronger relative increase in high-elevation environments, whereas less change is expected at lower elevations. We therefore conclude a varying elevation-dependent pattern of the NEP of terrestrial ecosystems in China, although there is significant uncertainty involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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10
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Chang Y, Zhao C, Liu X, He L. Mapping multi-seasonal habitats of giant pandas to identify seasonal shifts. iScience 2024; 27:109115. [PMID: 38384834 PMCID: PMC10879713 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
As a flagship species of biodiversity conservation globally, the giant panda has seasonal migration to cope with seasonal changes in available resources. Here, we have mapped the spatial distribution of multi-seasonal habitats of the giant panda across the Baishuijiang reserve in China. Results show that the spatial patterns are different in different seasons, generally, large patches are observed in the western part, while staggered clusters occur in the middle and eastern parts. That is, suitable habitats for giant pandas are mostly distributed in the west part. More than 75% of the predicted suitable habitats are within the core zone of the reserve year-round, indicating the core zone essentially meet giant panda's ecological needs, although this range could potentially be expanded. This study provides valuable insights into the spatiotemporal migration patterns of endangered species and helps to guide conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China
| | - Chuanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China
| | - Xingming Liu
- Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve, Wenxian, Gansu 746400, China
| | - Liwen He
- Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve, Wenxian, Gansu 746400, China
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11
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Liu Z, Sun J. A comprehensive study on non-governmental actors in shaping grassland ecological compensation within legal frameworks. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5489. [PMID: 38448478 PMCID: PMC10917782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Ecological compensation has emerged as a crucial institutional framework for managing the interplay between ecological preservation and economic development in China. This study focuses on the specific case of grassland ecological compensation to investigate the protection of rights and interests of non-governmental subjects. By utilizing data derived from questionnaire responses, this study examines the legal rights, obligations, and responsibilities associated with grassland ecological compensation. Statistical techniques such as Z-distribution, chi-square test, and non-parametric measures of correlation are employed to analyze the collected data, which are presented using tables and graphs. Furthermore, this research evaluates the current state of rights and interests of compensation subjects engaged in ecological compensation practices, aiming to enhance our comprehension and assessment of the extent to which the ecological compensation system safeguards the rights and interests of individuals. The findings show that a substantial number of respondents see current grassland ecological compensation methods in China as reasonable but insufficient, indicating a need for method diversification. There's a clear preference for a shared responsibility model over government-only funding, especially in regions with large grassland areas. This highlights the necessity for adaptable laws and a legal framework that accommodates diverse stakeholder needs. Additionally, the importance of clear property rights is emphasized for sustainable land use. The study suggests legislative reform towards a more equitable and effective approach to grassland conservation, providing valuable recommendations for refining and advancing the ecological compensation system.Author name 1 (Ziqi Liu) mismatch between ms and metadata. We have foolowed metadata. Kindly check and confirm.The metadata is right. Thank you.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Liu
- College of Politics and Law, Northeast Normal University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Jiyao Sun
- School of Marxism, Xidian University, Xi'an City, Shanxi Province, China
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12
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Li Y, Jin Q, Chen Z, Yin B, Li Y, Liu J. Pathways for achieving conservation targets under metacoupled anthropogenic disturbances. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120227. [PMID: 38310798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing connectivity between protected areas stands as a paramount objective in advancing global conservation goals, particularly in coastal regions grappling with escalating human disruptions. However, little attention has been given to quantitative assessment of human-nature interactions within and among protected areas. Here, we endeavored to model the connectivity between protected areas in rapidly urbanizing regions in China, drawing on insights from the framework of metacoupling based on connected corridors at short and long distances. In alignment with the overarching global conservation aim of increasing the overall coverage of protected areas, we found that adding new site to the protected area system yields superior connectivity gains compared to merely expanding the boundaries of the existing sites. Within the connectivity network between protected areas, we discerned specific sites acting as stepping stones, pivotal in enhancing connectivity among the chosen protected areas. Our study propounds a pragmatic methodology for prioritizing local protection initiatives and underscores the criticality of incorporating connectivity conservation strategies. This approach is vital for attaining regional biodiversity targets, given the dual perspective encompassing both human activities and the natural environment, particularly in the face of mounting anthropogenic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Key Laboratory of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Qihao Jin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Key Laboratory of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Zhixue Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Key Laboratory of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Bingchao Yin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Key Laboratory of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Yangfan Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Key Laboratory of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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13
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Xu Z, Guo X, Allen WJ, Yu X, Hu Y, Wang J, Li M, Guo W. Plant community diversity alters the response of ecosystem multifunctionality to multiple global change factors. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17182. [PMID: 38348761 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Biodiversity is considered important to the mitigation of global change impacts on ecosystem multifunctionality in terrestrial ecosystems. However, potential mechanisms through which biodiversity maintains ecosystem multifunctionality under global change remain unclear. We grew 132 plant communities with two levels of plant diversity, crossed with treatments based on 10 global change factors (nitrogen deposition, soil salinity, drought, plant invasion, simulated grazing, oil pollution, plastics pollution, antibiotics pollution, heavy metal pollution, and pesticide pollution). All global change factors negatively impacted ecosystem multifunctionality, but negative impacts were stronger in high compared with low diversity plant communities. We explored potential mechanisms for this unexpected result, finding that the inhibition of selection effects (i.e., selection for plant species associated with high ecosystem functioning) contributed to sensitivity of ecosystem multifunctionality to global change. Specifically, global change factors decreased the abundance of novel functional plants (i.e., legumes) in high but not low diversity plant communities. The negative impacts of global change on ecosystem multifunctionality were also mediated by increased relative abundance of fungal plant pathogens (identified from metabarcoding of soil samples) and their negative relationship with the abundance of novel functional plants. Taken together, our experiment highlights the importance of protecting high diversity plant communities and legumes, and managing fungal pathogens, to the maintenance of ecosystem multifunctionality in the face of complex global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Xu
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Warwick J Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Xiaona Yu
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Yi Hu
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Mingyan Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Guo
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
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14
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Li L, Yan M, Hong Y, Feng W, Xie D, Pagani-Núñez E. Protecting China's major urban bird diversity hotspots. AMBIO 2024; 53:339-350. [PMID: 37884617 PMCID: PMC10774474 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework puts forward a new conservation target to enhance urban biodiversity. Cities have a great potential for sustaining biodiversity and nurturing a healthy relationship between people and our nearest nature. It is especially important in developing countries such as China, which has a rich biodiversity and a rapidly growing urban population. Using citizen science data, we show that 48% of the national bird diversity and 42% of its threatened species have been recorded in the top-20 most avian-diverse cities of China. Urban bird diversity hotspots clustered along the eastern coast, indicating the importance of establishing an inter-city conservation network along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. This urban conservation network would be a starting point to promote social recognition of biodiversity's relational value in a country with a vast population and an increasingly important role in meeting UN's Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingxiao Yan
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
- School of Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yixuan Hong
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijia Feng
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dong Xie
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Emilio Pagani-Núñez
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China.
- Centre for Conservation and Restoration Science, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.
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15
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Wang X, Yang C, Qiao H, Hu J. More than two-fifths of the protected land in a global biodiversity hotspot in southwest China is under intense human pressure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167283. [PMID: 37778545 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Habitat loss is the main threat to global biodiversity in the Anthropocene. To prevent this, protected areas are the most effective means for safeguarding biodiversity. However, extensive habitat protection under human pressure can undermine its effectiveness. Using the Hengduan Mountains, a global biodiversity hotspot in southwest China as an indicator, we assessed the extent and intensity of human pressure to highlight how these pressures have changed over time. We found that most ecoregions had high levels of intact habitat loss relative to areal protection by national nature reserves (NNRs). More than two-fifths of protected land is under intense human pressure, and lower elevation or smaller NNRs were subject to higher pressure. These increases have predominantly occurred in lower elevation NNRs, showing that elevation gradients correlate with increasing pressure. While protected areas are increasingly established, they are experiencing intense human pressure. Our findings provide useful insights for assessing resilience of protected areas and to prioritize areas where future conservation plans and actions should be focused in a changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huijie Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Hu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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16
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Li WB, Teng Y, Zhang MY, Shen Y, Liu JW, Qi JW, Wang XC, Wu RF, Li JH, Garber PA, Li M. Human activity and climate change accelerate the extinction risk to non-human primates in China. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17114. [PMID: 38273577 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Human activity and climate change affect biodiversity and cause species range shifts, contractions, and expansions. Globally, human activities and climate change have emerged as persistent threats to biodiversity, leading to approximately 68% of the ~522 primate species being threatened with extinction. Here, we used habitat suitability models and integrated data on human population density, gross domestic product (GDP), road construction, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the location of protected areas (PAs), and climate change to predict potential changes in the distributional range and richness of 26 China's primate species. Our results indicate that both PAs and NDVI have a positive impact on primate distributions. With increasing anthropogenic pressure, species' ranges were restricted to areas of high vegetation cover and in PAs surrounded by buffer zones of 2.7-4.5 km and a core area of PAs at least 0.1-0.5 km from the closest edge of the PA. Areas with a GDP below the Chinese national average of 100,000 yuan were found to be ecologically vulnerable, and this had a negative impact on primate distributions. Changes in temperature and precipitation were also significant contributors to a reduction in the range of primate species. Under the expected influence of climate change over the next 30-50 years, we found that highly suitable habitat for primates will continue to decrease and species will be restricted to smaller and more peripheral parts of their current range. Areas of high primate diversity are expected to lose from 3 to 7 species. We recommend that immediate action be taken, including expanding China's National Park Program, the Ecological Conservation Redline Program, and the Natural Forest Protection Program, along with a stronger national policy promoting alternative/sustainable livelihoods for people in the local communities adjacent to primate ranges, to offset the detrimental effects of anthropogenic activities and climate change on primate survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Teng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Wei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Feng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Hua Li
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei, Anhui, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Paul A Garber
- Department of Anthropology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- International Centre of Biodiversity and Primate Conservation, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Fu B, Lü Y, Liang X, Yang Y, Ma R, Yan S, Wu X. Identification of critical ecological areas using the ecosystem multifunctionality-stability-integrity framework: A case study in the Yellow River basin, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119296. [PMID: 37820436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Critical ecological areas (CEAs), as important regions for biodiversity and ecosystem functions, are crucial for ecological conservation and environmental management at regional and global scales. However, the methodology and framework of CEA identification have not been well established. In this study, a comprehensive CEA identification method was developed based on the ecosystem multifunctionality-stability-integrity framework by using K-means clustering, critical slowing down theory and possible connectivity. Taking the Yellow River basin (YRB) as a case study, our results showed that ecosystem multifunctionality gradually decreased from the southeast to northwest. A decrease in ecosystem stability was observed since 2017 and was mainly due to the increased impacts of human activities and urbanization within the 10-20 km distance threshold from the ecosystem. Based on the proposed framework, 15.13% of the YRB was identified as CEAs with reliable estimates, and most areas were distributed in the Three-River Headwaters, Qinling and Taihang Mountains. Moreover, urbanization and precipitation were found to be the dominant environmental factors affecting the CEA distribution in the YRB. Our results indicated that the proposed framework could provide a comprehensive approach for CEA identification and useful implications for ecological conservation and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yuelu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yihe Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Ruiming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Shengjun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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18
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Zhang W, Liao Z, Xiao Q, Zhou J, Shi X, Li C, Chen Y, Xu W. Habitat-specific conservation priorities of multidimensional diversity patterns of amphibians in China effectively contribute to the '3030' target. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165959. [PMID: 37541511 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Amphibia is the most threatened animal group among all land vertebrates in the context of anthropogenic global change. Filling the conservation gaps for this taxonomic group could help achieve the ambitious target of covering 30 % of the land by 2030 ('3030' target) set by the 15-th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP15). In this study, we compiled the most up-to-date occurrence records and corresponding species-specific traits and phylogenies of amphibians in China (particularly those newly described in the past decade) to explore the spatial distribution patterns of multidimensional diversity (including taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic) for different species groups (including all, endemic and threatened). Additionally, a new conservation gap index (CGI) was proposed and applied to the analysis of multi-objective conservation strategies. The results showed that the spatial distribution of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of amphibians in China is markedly geographically diverse, with common hotspots for all three concentrated in the humid mountainous regions of southern China. The CGI, which is independent of arbitrary threshold selection and grid cell size, showed that the conservation gap for amphibians in China is largest in biomes such as tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests and temperate broadleaf and mixed forests. The multi-objective conservation analysis revealed that the Yangtze River basin, Pearl River basin and Southeast Basin in China have pivotal roles in achieving the '3030' target due to their high taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity, relatively high proportion of threatened and endemic species, and low coverage of existing nature reserves. Notably, sustainable management of less-protected habitats, including farmlands and grasslands, can reduce the area requirement of strict protection for reaching the '3030' conservation goal. This study provides practical strategies for guiding amphibian conservation by systematically integrating multidimensional biodiversity information, habitat features and the spatial distributions of the existing natural reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziyan Liao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qi Xiao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoqin Shi
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youhua Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weihua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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19
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Dawazhaxi, Zhou W, Yu W, Yao Y, Jing C. Understanding the indirect impacts of urbanization on vegetation growth using the Continuum of Urbanity framework. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165693. [PMID: 37481080 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies investigated the direct impacts of urbanization on the loss and fragmentation of vegetated lands associated with urban expansion. Fewer studies, however, have examined the indirect impacts of urbanization on vegetation related to changes in livelihoods, lifestyles, and connectivity in non-urbanized areas, especially in the context of large-scale urban-rural migration. Here, we employ the Continuum of Urbanity framework to examine how changes in livelihoods, lifestyles, and connectivity in non-urbanized areas associated with urbanization affect vegetation, and thereby to understanding the indirect impacts of urbanization. We found there was a significant trend in human-induced EVI (HEVI) increase in non-urban areas, and such trend was coupled with decreased population density (PD) in forest land and grassland, but increased population density in cropland. The negative correlation between PD and HEVI became increasingly stronger from 2000 to 2011, but weakened since 2011. Livelihood income, lifestyles represented by consumption, and information connectivity to the outside world indirectly impacted HEVI by driving PD changes in non-urban areas. This indirect effect has shifted from positive to negative over the 20 years. These findings suggest that the indirect impacts of urbanization on vegetation growth are complicated and multifaceted, and understanding such impacts would be critically important to help turn urbanization into an opportunity for regional sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawazhaxi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Urban Ecosystem Research Station, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Megaregion National Observation and Research Station for Eco-Environmental Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Wenjuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuanbao Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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20
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Zhao G, Tian S, Jing Y, Cao Y, Liang S, Han B, Cheng X, Liu B. Establishing a quantitative assessment methodology framework of water conservation based on the water balance method under spatiotemporal and different discontinuous ecosystem scales. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 346:119006. [PMID: 37738722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Water conservation (WC) is an essential terrestrial ecosystem service that mitigates surface runoff and replenishes groundwater, which has received considerable attention under the dual pressures of climate change and human activity. However, there is insufficient understanding of the trends in WC changes on temporal (annual, monthly, daily), spatial, and ecosystem scales. This study proposed a quantitative assessment methodology framework (QAMF) for analyzing the spatiotemporal variation of WC under different discontinuous ecosystems. The QAMF mainly used models and methods such as the hydrological model (SWAT), calibration and uncertainty program (SWAT-CUP), WC calculation formula (water balance method), and spatial analysis method (empirical orthogonal function and wavelet analysis). It was applied to the source region of the Yellow River (SRYR), where the ecological landscape pattern underwent varying degrees of degradation, and WC capacity decreased. The results show that: Firstly, the constructed SWAT in the SRYR had high accuracy, and the proposed formula for calculating WC was suitable for multi-temporal scale analysis of WC in spatially distributed discontinuous basins. Secondly, the annual and monthly WC were respectively 81.00-184.13 mm and -28.58-107.64 mm, and daily WC was positive during extreme precipitation periods and negative during dry periods. The regulating effect of WC was fully reflected on the daily scale, partially reflected on the monthly scale, and absent on the annual scale. Third, the crucial WC area was mainly distributed in the southeast, and there was a significant primary yearly cycle of WC in the SRYR. Finally, different ecosystems exhibited different WC capabilities, and protecting the diversity of ecosystems played an essential role in maintaining and improving the WC function in the SRYR. This project has great scientific significance and technological support for scientifically evaluating the WC capacity in the SRYR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaolei Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of YB Ecological Protection and Restoration, Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, YRCC, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Shimin Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of YB Ecological Protection and Restoration, Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, YRCC, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
| | - Yongcai Jing
- Henan Key Laboratory of YB Ecological Protection and Restoration, Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, YRCC, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yongtao Cao
- Henan Key Laboratory of YB Ecological Protection and Restoration, Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, YRCC, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Shuai Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of YB Ecological Protection and Restoration, Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, YRCC, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Bing Han
- Henan Key Laboratory of YB Ecological Protection and Restoration, Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, YRCC, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Xiaolong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Bairan Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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21
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Son D, Waldman B, Song U. Effects of land-use types and the exotic species, Hypochaeris radicata, on plant diversity in human-transformed landscapes of the biosphere reserve, Jeju Island, Korea. PLANT DIVERSITY 2023; 45:685-693. [PMID: 38197002 PMCID: PMC10772109 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Land-use and plant invasion influence biodiversity. Understanding the effects of land-use types and invasive plants on the ecosystem is crucial for better management and the development of strategic plans for increasing biodiversity in Jeju Island, Korea, a designated Biosphere Reserve by the United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. The effect of the most dominant invasive exotic species, Hypochaeris radicata, on the four land-use types of Jeju Island was investigated. Plant composition, soil characteristics, and plant diversity among four land-use types (cropland, green space, neglected land, and residential) were compared. Among the land-use types, croplands had the most diverse plant composition and the highest richness in exotic and native plant species. Croplands, such as tangerine orchards, which are widely distributed throughout Jeju Island, showed the highest plant diversity because of medium intensity disturbance caused by weed removal. The relative cover of H. radicata did not differ between land-use types. However, H. radicata invasion was negatively related with plant species richness, making this invasive species a threat to the biodiversity of native herbs present in land-use areas. H. radicata adapts to areas with a broad range of soil properties and a variety of land-use types. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor land-use types and patterns of plant invasion to guide the implementation of consistent management and conservation strategies for maintaining ecosystem integrity of the transformed habitat in Jeju Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deokjoo Son
- College of Education Department of Science Education, Dankook University, Gyeonggi-do, 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - Bruce Waldman
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Uhram Song
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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22
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Kong L, Wu T, Xiao Y, Xu W, Zhang X, Daily GC, Ouyang Z. Natural capital investments in China undermined by reclamation for cropland. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1771-1777. [PMID: 37749401 PMCID: PMC10627817 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Globally, rising food demand has caused widespread biodiversity and ecosystem services loss, prompting growing efforts in ecological protection and restoration. However, these efforts have been significantly undercut by further reclamation for cropland. Focusing on China, the world's largest grain producer, we found that at the national level from 2000 to 2015, reclamation for cropland undermined gains in wildlife habitat and the ecosystem services of water retention, sandstorm prevention, carbon sequestration and soil retention by 113.8%, 63.4%, 52.5%, 29.0% and 10.2%, respectively. To achieve global sustainability goals, conflicts between inefficient reclamation for cropland and natural capital investment need to be alleviated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqiao Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gretchen C Daily
- Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biology and Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Ji J, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Hua T, Zhu Y, Zhao H. Notable conservation gaps for biodiversity, ecosystem services and climate change adaptation on the Tibetan Plateau, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165032. [PMID: 37355118 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating biodiversity, ecosystem services (ESs) and climate change adaptation into the conservation targets of protected areas (PAs) is being acknowledged. Targeting conservation actions requires a thorough understanding of the relationship between PAs and these important regions. However, few studies have identified conservation gaps while simultaneously considering these three aspects. Here, we assessed the representativeness of the PAs network for biodiversity, ESs and climate refugia (as a proxy for climate change adaptation ability) on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Our analysis showed that these priority conservation regions were primarily located in the south and southeast of the TP, while they were impacted by intense human pressure. Most ESs and all types of species richness showed a significant positive correlation. Additionally, a positive correlation between multiple climate refugia and different types of species richness was detected. Representativeness analysis revealed notable conservation gaps for these three aspects in existing PAs, highlighting the urgency of adjusting their distribution and improving their representativeness. By integrating these conservation targets, priority regions for future conservation were further delineated. Taken together, our findings contribute to improving the efficiency of PAs and optimizing conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Ji
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, CNERN, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zhengchao Zhang
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Haotian Zhao
- Sichuan Geological Environment Survey and Research Center, Chengdu 610081, Sichuan, China
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24
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Hu B, Li Z, Wu H, Han H, Cheng X, Kang F. Coupling strength of human-natural systems mediates the response of ecosystem services to land use change. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118521. [PMID: 37453300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Addressing the dynamics of human-natural systems (HNS) driven by land use change (LC) is a key challenge for the sustainable development of ecosystem services (ES). However, how changes to the HNS coupling relationships affect ES is rarely reported. We used network analysis methods to construct an HNS correlation network in the Loess Plateau based on the correlation between the main components of HNS, such as ES, human factors, landscape pattern, vegetation cover, climate change and geomorphic characteristics, and quantitatively described the HNS coupling relationships through key network attributes. We analyzed the variation in HNS network attributes and their relationships with ES along an LC intensity gradient. The results show that carbon storage and soil conservation in the Loess Plateau increased by 0.56% and 0.26%, respectively, during the study period, while the habitat quality and water yield decreased by 0.11% and 0.18%, respectively. An increase in LC intensity reduces connectivity and density in the HNS network, which results in looser connections among HNS components. Importantly, we found that HNS network attributes explained 85% of ES variation across different LC intensity gradients and that connectivity and density had the strongest explanatory power. This means that LC mainly affects ES dynamics by changing the coupling strength of HNS. Our research offers a new perspective for linking LC-HNS-ES, which will help guide practitioners toward establishing and maintaining the sustainability of human well-being amidst changing HNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoan Hu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Qilaotu Mountain National Observation and Research Station of Chinese Forest Ecosystem, Chifeng, 024400, China.
| | - Zuzheng Li
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Qilaotu Mountain National Observation and Research Station of Chinese Forest Ecosystem, Chifeng, 024400, China.
| | - Huifeng Wu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Qilaotu Mountain National Observation and Research Station of Chinese Forest Ecosystem, Chifeng, 024400, China.
| | - Hairong Han
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Qilaotu Mountain National Observation and Research Station of Chinese Forest Ecosystem, Chifeng, 024400, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Cheng
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Qilaotu Mountain National Observation and Research Station of Chinese Forest Ecosystem, Chifeng, 024400, China.
| | - Fengfeng Kang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Qilaotu Mountain National Observation and Research Station of Chinese Forest Ecosystem, Chifeng, 024400, China.
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25
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Chen P, Wang X, Yuan W, Wang D. Typical heavy metals accumulation, transport and allocation in a deglaciated forest chronosequence, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132162. [PMID: 37517237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding heavy metals (HMs) accumulation and transportation is the foundation to assess the ecological risks caused by the pollution of HMs in terrestrial ecosystems. There are large knowledge gaps regarding impacts of vegetation succession on shaping the HMs accumulation, transportation and allocation in the remote alpine regions. Herein, we comprehensively investigated the distribution and source contribution of mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) along with vegetation succession in a deglaciated forest chronosequence of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Results showed that Hg and Cd were highly enriched in organic soils, while Cr concentrations and pool sizes decreased significantly with the vegetation succession. Atmospheric Hg deposition contributed to the dominant Hg sources in topsoil (74 - 87%), whereas moraine weathering was the main source of Cr (73 - 76%). Both moraine (18 - 48%) and atmospheric deposition inputs (52 - 82%) affected Cd accumulation in topsoil. Over the last century, the accumulation rate of Hg and Cd showed the distinctly decreasing trends due to the vegetation leading to the elevated atmospheric depositions at the earlier deglacial sites. The negative accumulation rate of Cr along with the vegetation succession reflected the formation of organic soil diluting the geogenic inputs of Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijia Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Dingyong Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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26
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Teng SN, Svenning JC, Xu C. Large mammals and trees in eastern monsoonal China: anthropogenic losses since the Late Pleistocene and restoration prospects in the Anthropocene. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1607-1632. [PMID: 37102332 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Massive human-induced declines of large-sized animals and trees (megabiota) from the Late Pleistocene to the Anthropocene have resulted in downsized ecosystems across the globe, in which components and functions have been greatly simplified. In response, active restoration projects of extant large-sized species or functional substitutes are needed at large scales to promote ecological processes that are important for ecosystem self-regulation and biodiversity maintenance. Despite the desired global scope of such projects, they have received little attention in East Asia. Here, we synthesise the biogeographical and ecological knowledge of megabiota in ancient and modern China, with relevant data mostly located in eastern monsoonal China (EMC), aiming to assess its potential for restoring functionally intact ecosystems modulated by megabiota. We found that during the Late Pleistocene, 12 mammalian megafaunal (carnivores ≥15 kg and herbivores ≥500 kg) species disappeared from EMC: one carnivore Crocuta ultima (East Asian spotted hyena) and 11 herbivores including six megaherbivores (≥1000 kg). The relative importance of climate change and humans in driving these losses remains debated, despite accumulating evidence in favour of the latter. Later massive depletion of megafauna and large-sized (45-500 kg) herbivores has been closely associated with agricultural expansion and societal development, especially during the late Holocene. While forests rich in large timber trees (33 taxa in written records) were common in the region 2000-3000 years ago, millennial-long logging has resulted in considerable range contractions and at least 39 threatened species. The wide distribution of C. ultima, which likely favoured open or semi-open habitats (like extant spotted hyenas), suggests the existence of mosaic open and closed vegetation in the Late Pleistocene across EMC, in line with a few pollen-based vegetation reconstructions and potentially, or at least partially, reflecting herbivory by herbivorous megafauna. The widespread loss of megaherbivores may have strongly compromised seed dispersal for both megafruit (fleshy fruits with widths ≥40 mm) and non-megafruit plant species in EMC, especially in terms of extra-long-distance (>10 km) dispersal, which is critical for plant species that rely on effective biotic agents to track rapid climate change. The former occurrence of large mammals and trees have translated into rich material and non-material heritages passed down across generations. Several reintroduction projects have been implemented or are under consideration, with the case of Elaphurus davidianus a notable success in recovering wild populations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, although trophic interactions with native carnivorous megafauna have not yet been restored. Lessons of dealing with human-wildlife conflicts are key to public support for maintaining landscapes shared with megafauna and large herbivores in the human-dominated Anthropocene. Meanwhile, potential human-wildlife conflicts, e.g. public health risks, need to be scientifically informed and effectively reduced. The Chinese government's strong commitment to improved policies of ecological protection and restoration (e.g. ecological redlines and national parks) provides a solid foundation for a scaling-up contribution to the global scope needed for solving the crisis of biotic downsizing and ecosystem degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing N Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Chi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in northwestern China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
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27
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Zhang F, Wang H, Alatalo JM, Bai Y, Fang Z, Liu G, Yang Y, Zhi Y, Yang S. Spatial heterogeneity analysis of matching degree between endangered plant diversity and ecosystem services in Xishuangbanna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:96891-96905. [PMID: 37584796 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity and ecosystem services (ESs) are closely linked. Human activities have caused critical damage to the habitat and ecosystem function of organisms, leading to decline in global biodiversity and ecosystem services. To ensure sustainable development of local ecological environments, it is critical to analyze the spatial matching degree of biodiversity and ESs and identify ecologically vulnerable areas. Taking Xishuangbanna, southern China, as an example, we constructed a pixel-scale matching degree index to analyze the spatial matching degree of endangered plant diversity (EPD) and four ESs and classified the matching degree into low-low, low-high, high-low, and high-high four types. The results revealed a mismatch relationship of EPD and ESs in more than 70% of areas. Under the influence of altitude and land use/land cover (LULC) type, the matching degree of EPD and ESs showed obvious spatial heterogeneity. In low-altitude areas in the south of Xishuangbanna, EPD and ESs mainly showed mismatch, while high-altitude areas in the west had a better match. Natural forest was the main land cover in which EPD and ESs showed high-high match and its areal proportion was much larger than that of rubber plantation, tea plantation, and cropland. Our findings also stress the need to concentrate conservation efforts on areas exhibiting a low-low match relationship, indicative of potential ecological vulnerability. The pixel-scale spatial matching degree analysis framework developed in this study for EPD and ESs provides high-resolution maps with 30 m × 30 m pixel size, which can support the implementation of ecological protection measures and policy formulation, and has a wide range of applicability. This study provides valuable insights for the sustainable management of biodiversity and ESs, contributing to the strengthening of local ecological environment protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Research Institute of Management Science, Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Center for Integrative Conservation & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology Water Resource and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Research Institute of Management Science, Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology Water Resource and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Juha M Alatalo
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O.Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yang Bai
- Center for Integrative Conservation & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Southeast Asia Biodiversity Conservation, Menglun, 666303, China.
| | - Zhou Fang
- Research Institute of Management Science, Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology Water Resource and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Economics and Management, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Research Institute of Management Science, Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Yanling Zhi
- Research Institute of Management Science, Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology Water Resource and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Shiliang Yang
- Research Institute of Management Science, Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology Water Resource and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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28
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Li X, Wang H, McCauley DJ, Altieri AH, Silliman BR, Lefcheck JS, Wu J, Li B, He Q. A wide megafauna gap undermines China's expanding coastal ecosystem conservation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg3800. [PMID: 37556546 PMCID: PMC10411873 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg3800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
To fulfill sustainable development goals, many countries are expanding efforts to conserve ecologically and societally critical coastal ecosystems. Although megafauna profoundly affect the functioning of ecosystems, they are neglected as a key component in the conservation scheme for coastal ecosystems in many geographic contexts. We reveal a rich diversity of extant megafauna associated with all major types of coastal ecosystems in China, including 218 species of mammals, birds, reptiles, cephalopods, and fish across terrestrial and marine environments. However, 44% of these species are globally threatened, and 78% have not yet been assessed in China for extinction risk. More worrisome, 73% of these megafauna have not been designated as nationally protected species, and <10% of their most important habitats are protected. Filling this wide "megafauna gap" in China and globally would be a leading step as humanity strives to thrive with coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Li
- Coastal Ecology Lab, MOE Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary (Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hanchen Wang
- Coastal Ecology Lab, MOE Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary (Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Douglas J. McCauley
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA
| | - Andrew H. Altieri
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Brian R. Silliman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Lefcheck
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network and MarineGEO Program, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA
| | - Jihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiang He
- Coastal Ecology Lab, MOE Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary (Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
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Wang Z, Zeng C, Cao L. Mapping the biodiversity conservation gaps in the East China sea. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 336:117667. [PMID: 36878059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Being one of the most productive China seas, the East China Sea is facing the challenge of unprecedented biodiversity loss and habitat degradation under the dual pressure of anthropogenic disturbance and climate change. Although marine protected areas (MPAs) are considered an effective conservation tool, it remains unclear whether existing MPAs adequately protect marine biodiversity. To investigate this issue, we first constructed a maximum entropy model to predict the distributions of 359 threatened species and identified its species richness hotspots in the East China Sea. Then we identified priority conservation areas (PCAs1) under different protection scenarios. Since the actual conservation in the East China Sea is far from the goals proposed by Convention on Biological Diversity, we calculated a more realistic conservation goal by quantifying the relationship between the percentage of protected areas in the East China Sea and the average proportion of habitats covered for all species. Finally, we mapped conservation gaps by comparing the PCAs under the proposed goal and existing MPAs. Our results showed that these threatened species were very heterogeneously distributed, and their abundance was highest at low latitudes and in nearshore areas. The identified PCAs were distributed mainly in nearshore areas, especially in the Yangtze River estuary and along the Taiwan Strait. Based on the current distribution of threatened species, we suggest a minimum conservation goal of 20.4% of the total area of the East China Sea. Only 8.8% of the recommended PCAs are currently within the existing MPAs. We recommend expanding the MPAs in six areas to achieve the minimum conservation target. Our findings provide a solid scientific reference and a reasonable short-term target for China to realize the vision of protecting 30% of its oceans by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Cong Zeng
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Ling Cao
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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30
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Liu Y, Zhao W, Zhang Z, Hua T, Ferreira CSS. The role of nature reserves in conservation effectiveness of ecosystem services in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 342:118228. [PMID: 37295148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Establishing nature reserves (NRs) is a common method to avoid biodiversity loss and degradation of ecosystem services (ESs). The evaluation of ESs in NRs and the exploration of associated influencing factors are the basis for improving ESs and management. However, the ES effectiveness of NRs over time remains questionable, namely due to the heterogeneity of landscape characteristics inside and outside of NRs. This study (i) quantifies the role of 75 NRs in China in maintaining ESs (i.e., net primary production (NPP), soil conservation, sandstorm prevention and water yield) from 2000 to 2020, (ii) reveals the trade-offs/synergies, and (iii) identifies the main influencing factors of the ES effectiveness of NRs. The results show that more than 80% of NRs had positive ES effectiveness, which was greater in older NRs. For different ESs, effectiveness over time increases for NPP (E_NPP), soil conservation (E_SC) and sandstorm prevention (E_SP) but declines for water yield (E_WY). There is a clear synergistic relationship between E_NPP and E_SC. Moreover, the effectiveness of ESs is closely correlated with elevation, precipitation, and perimeter area ratio. Our findings can provide important information to support site selection and management of reserves to improve the delivery of critical ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenwu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Ting Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Carla Sofia Santos Ferreira
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden; Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Agrarian Technical School, Coimbra, Portugal
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31
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Tao J, Ding C, Chen J, Ding L, Brosse S, Heino J, Hermoso V, Wu R, Wang Z, Hu J, Che R, Jin X, Ji S, He D. Boosting freshwater fish conservation with high-resolution distribution mapping across a large territory. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023; 37:e14036. [PMID: 36424856 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The lack of high-resolution distribution maps for freshwater species across large extents fundamentally challenges biodiversity conservation worldwide. We devised a simple framework to delineate the distributions of freshwater fishes in a high-resolution drainage map based on stacked species distribution models and expert information. We applied this framework to the entire Chinese freshwater fish fauna (>1600 species) to examine high-resolution biodiversity patterns and reveal potential conflicts between freshwater biodiversity and anthropogenic disturbances. The correlations between spatial patterns of biodiversity facets (species richness, endemicity, and phylogenetic diversity) were all significant (r = 0.43-0.98, p < 0.001). Areas with high values of different biodiversity facets overlapped with anthropogenic disturbances. Existing protected areas (PAs), covering 22% of China's territory, protected 25-29% of fish habitats, 16-23% of species, and 30-31% of priority conservation areas. Moreover, 6-21% of the species were completely unprotected. These results suggest the need for extending the network of PAs to ensure the conservation of China's freshwater fishes and the goods and services they provide. Specifically, middle to low reaches of large rivers and their associated lakes from northeast to southwest China hosted the most diverse species assemblages and thus should be the target of future expansions of the network of PAs. More generally, our framework, which can be used to draw high-resolution freshwater biodiversity maps combining species occurrence data and expert knowledge on species distribution, provides an efficient way to design PAs regardless of the ecosystem, taxonomic group, or region considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tao
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Chengzhi Ding
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinnan Chen
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Liuyong Ding
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Sébastien Brosse
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR5174, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse, France
| | - Jani Heino
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Virgilio Hermoso
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ruidong Wu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ziwang Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxin Hu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongxiao Che
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- China National Environment Monitoring Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Songhao Ji
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Dekui He
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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32
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Yang Y, Bian Z, Ren W, Wu J, Liu J, Shrestha N. Spatial patterns and hotspots of plant invasion in China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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Liu H, Soares-Filho BS, Leite-Filho AT, Zhang S, Du J, Yi Y. How to balance land demand conflicts to guarantee sustainable land development. iScience 2023; 26:106641. [PMID: 37192976 PMCID: PMC10182322 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe arable land loss and ecological problems raise attention to protect/develop land for food and ecology demand. Spatial conflict appears in front of multidemand for urbanization, food, and ecology. Our study took China as an example and explicitly outlined spatial preference of urbanization, food, and ecology. From the aspect of land amount, there are enough lands to support multidemand with a surplus of agriculture land of 45.5 × 106 ha. However, spatial conflict widely appears among the multidemands. We tested the impacts of different priorities on urban pattern, crop yield, and ecology and found the priority of food > ecology > urbanization gave the best outcome. Our results verified the importance of including priority of land multidemand to avoid confusion and increase efficiency in the implementation of land policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxi Liu
- Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | | | | | - Shanghong Zhang
- Renewable Energy School, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jizeng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yujun Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Corresponding author
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Mi C, Song K, Ma L, Xu J, Sun B, Sun Y, Liu J, Du W. Optimizing protected areas to boost the conservation of key protected wildlife in China. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100424. [PMID: 37181229 PMCID: PMC10173781 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To meet the challenge of biodiversity loss and reach the targets of the proposed Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, the Chinese government updated the list of national key protected wildlife in 2021 and has been continually expanding the protected areas (PAs). However, the status of protected wildlife in PAs remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a national assessment of the status of protected wildlife and suggested an optimization plan to overcome these shortcomings. From 1988 to 2021, the number of protected species almost doubled, and the area of PAs increased by 2.4 times, covering over 92.8% of the protected species. Nonetheless, 70.8% of the protected species are still not effectively protected by PAs, with some having less than 10% of their habitat included in PAs. Despite the significant addition of amphibians and reptiles to the latest protection list, they are the fewest species and are the least covered by PAs compared with birds and mammals. To fix these gaps, we systematically optimized the current PAs network by adding another 10.0% of China's land area as PAs, which resulted in 37.6% coverage of protected species' habitats in PAs. In addition, 26 priority areas were identified. Our research aimed to identify gaps in current conservation policies and suggest optimization solutions to facilitate wildlife conservation planning in China. In general, updating the list of key protected wildlife species and systematically optimizing PA networks are essential and applicable to other countries facing biodiversity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Mi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Kai Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liang Ma
- School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jiliang Xu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baojun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuehua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Center of Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Weiguo Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Corresponding author
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Mishra M, Desul S, Santos CAG, Mishra SK, Kamal AHM, Goswami S, Kalumba AM, Biswal R, da Silva RM, dos Santos CAC, Baral K. A bibliometric analysis of sustainable development goals (SDGs): a review of progress, challenges, and opportunities. ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY 2023:1-43. [PMID: 37362966 PMCID: PMC10164369 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-03225-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a global appeal to protect the environment, combat climate change, eradicate poverty, and ensure access to a high quality of life and prosperity for all. The next decade is crucial for determining the planet's direction in ensuring that populations can adapt to climate change. This study aims to investigate the progress, challenges, opportunities, trends, and prospects of the SDGs through a bibliometric analysis from 2015 to 2022, providing insight into the evolution and maturity of scientific research in the field. The Web of Science core collection citation database was used for the bibliometric analysis, which was conducted using VOSviewer and RStudio. We analyzed 12,176 articles written in English to evaluate the present state of progress, as well as the challenges and opportunities surrounding the SDGs. This study utilized a variety of methods to identify research hotspots, including analysis of keywords, productive researchers, and journals. In addition, we conducted a comprehensive literature review by utilizing the Web of Science database. The results show that 31% of SDG-related research productivity originates from the USA, China, and the UK, with an average citation per article of 15.06. A total of 45,345 authors around the world have contributed to the field of SDGs, and collaboration among authors is also quite high. The core research topics include SDGs, climate change, Agenda 2030, the circular economy, poverty, global health, governance, food security, sub-Saharan Africa, the Millennium Development Goals, universal health coverage, indicators, gender, and inequality. The insights gained from this analysis will be valuable for young researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and public officials as they seek to identify patterns and high-quality articles related to SDGs. By advancing our understanding of the subject, this research has the potential to inform and guide future efforts to promote sustainable development. The findings indicate a concentration of research and development on SDGs in developed countries rather than in developing and underdeveloped countries. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoranjan Mishra
- Department of Geography, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Nuapadhi, Balasore, Odisha 756089 India
- Department of Environment Studies, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha 760007 India
| | - Sudarsan Desul
- Department of Library and Information Science, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha 760007 India
- Department of Library and Information Science, Tripura University, Agartala, 799022 India
| | | | | | - Abu Hena Mustafa Kamal
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Shreerup Goswami
- Department of Geology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004 India
| | - Ahmed Mukalazi Kalumba
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700 South Africa
| | - Ramakrishna Biswal
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, NIT Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008 India
| | | | | | - Kabita Baral
- Department of Environment Studies, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha 760007 India
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Wu H, Fang S, Yu L, Hu S, Chen X, Cao Y, Du Z, Shen X, Liu X, Ma K. Limited co-benefits of protected areas in southwest China under current climate change and human modification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117190. [PMID: 36603263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An ambitious new Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework "Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework" has been developed. However, the combined effects of climate change and human modification can undermine the potential benefits of the global post-2020 conservation efforts. The co-benefits of stabilizing the climate, conserving biodiversity, and maintaining intact wilderness areas may help to persuade the general public of the need to quickly expand existing protected areas (PAs). To maximize the co-benefits after 2020, the careful optimization of existing (PAs) network and scientific identification of conservation targets are both essential. Here, we mapped hotspots of biodiversity, climate vulnerability, and wilderness in Southwest China (SWC). By analyzing the representativeness and gaps of the existing PAs network in SWC, we devised post-2020 conservation targets and highlighted their implications for decision-makers. Our results showed that the incongruence between hotspots of different species exists, indicating that habitats suitable for one taxon may not fully harbor other taxa. According to our assessment, the five jurisdictions of SWC have warmed on average by 0.4°C-1.1 °C over the past 60 years alone. In particular, biodiversity hotspots in SWC are undergoing stark climatic changes. We uncovered prominent conservation gaps in SWC's network of PAs, especially in terms of climate vulnerability and biodiversity. Due to their insufficient number and unreasonable spatial distribution, the PAs network in SWC may be not capable of meeting its biodiversity, climate vulnerability, and wilderness conservation objectives. To rectify this, we proposed a 3-step mission: milestone 2025, milestone 2030, and goal 2050, which aims to protect 23%, 28%, and 60% of the terrestrial area in SWC, respectively. Taken together, our study derived conservation priority areas with relatively clear spatial boundaries and importance levels, thus providing detailed, timely information for decision-makers to expand the PAs network and implement conservation measures varying in strictness in post-2020 conservation practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shiming Fang
- School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Key Laboratory for Research on Rule of Law, Ministry of Natural Resources, Wuhan, 430074, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Emissions Trading System Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Shougeng Hu
- School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Key Laboratory for Research on Rule of Law, Ministry of Natural Resources, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhenrong Du
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoli Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xuehua Liu
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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37
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Jiang D, Zhao X, López-Pujol J, Wang Z, Qu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Li D, Jiang K, Wang B, Yan C, Li JT. Effects of climate change and anthropogenic activity on ranges of vertebrate species endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau over 40 years. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023:e14069. [PMID: 36751969 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 40 years, the climate has been changing and human disturbance has increased in the vast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). These 2 factors are expected to affect the distribution of a large number of endemic vertebrate species. However, quantitative relationships between range shifts and climate change and human disturbance of these species in the QTP have rarely been evaluated. We used occurrence records of 19 terrestrial vertebrate species (birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles) occurring in the QTP from 1980 to 2020 to quantify the effects of climate change and anthropogenic impacts on the distribution of these 4 taxonomic groups and estimated species range changes in each species. The trend in distribution changes differed among the taxonomic groups, although, generally, ranges shifted to central QTP. Climate change contributed more to range variation than human disturbance (the sum of the 4 climatic variables contributed more than the sum of the 4 human disturbance variables for all 4 taxonomic groups). Suitable geographic range increased for most mammals, amphibians, and reptiles (+27.6%, +18.4%, and +27.8% on average, respectively), whereas for birds range decreased on average by 0.9%. Quantitative evidence for climate change and human disturbance associations with range changes for endemic vertebrate species in the QTP can provide useful insights into biodiversity conservation under changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechun Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xumao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jordi López-Pujol
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Espíritu Santo (UEES), Samborondón, Ecuador
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhua Qu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, China
| | - Tongzuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, China
| | - Dayong Li
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
- Institute of Rare Animals and Plants, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaochao Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Tang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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38
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Li W, Zhou C, Cheng M, Tu H, Wang G, Mao Y, Huang Y, Chen M, Price M, Meng Y, Yue B, Zhang X. Large‐scale genetic surveys for main extant population of wild giant panda (
Ailuropoda melanoleuca
) reveals an urgent need of human management. Evol Appl 2023; 16:738-749. [PMID: 36969135 PMCID: PMC10033846 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There are only six isolated living giant panda populations, and a comprehensive understanding of their genetic health status is crucial for the conservation of this vulnerable species. Liangshan Mountains is one of the main distribution areas of living giant pandas and is outside the newly established Giant panda national park. In this study, 971 giant panda fecal samples were collected in the heartland of Liangshan Mountains (Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve: MB; Meigu Dafengding Nature Reserve: MG; and Heizhugou Nature Reserve: HZG). Microsatellite markers and mitochondrial D-loop sequences were used to estimate population size and genetic diversity. We identified 92 individuals (MB: 27, MG: 22, HZG: 43) from the three reserves. Our results showed that: (1) genetic diversity of three giant panda populations was moderate; (2) several loci deviated significantly from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and almost all these deviated loci showed significant heterozygote deficiencies and inbreeding; (3) three giant panda populations have substantial genetic differentiation with the most differentiation between MB and the two other populations; and (4) a large amount of giant panda feces outside the three reserves were found, implying the existence of protection gap. These results indicated that under stochastic events, the giant panda populations in Liangshan Mountains are at risk of genetic decline or extinction and urgent need of human management. This study revealed that high attention should be paid to the protection of these giant panda populations outside the Giant panda national park, to ensure their survival in their distribution areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Chuang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Meiling Cheng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Rare Animals of the Giant Panda State Park China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda Dujiangyan China
| | - Hongmei Tu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Guannan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yeming Mao
- Sichuan Heizhugou National Nature Reserve Administration Ebian China
| | - Yaohua Huang
- Sichuan Mabian National Nature Reserve Administration Leshan China
| | - Minghua Chen
- Sichuan Meigu National Nature Reserve Administration Meigu China
| | - Megan Price
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
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Liu Y, Liu X, Zhao C, Wang H, Zang F. The trade-offs and synergies of the ecological-production-living functions of grassland in the Qilian mountains by ecological priority. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 327:116883. [PMID: 36455444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Grassland degradation has caused increasingly prominent conflict between ecological environment conservation and socioeconomic development in the Qilian Mountains, China. How to effectively trade-offs and synergies to ecological and socioeconomic is essential to achieving the sustainable development of the grassland ecosystem. However, few studies have addressed the trade-offs and synergies of grassland ecosystem services in terms of coupling the natural ecosystem and the socioeconomic system. Therefore, we constructed an index of the analyzed trade-offs and synergies of grassland ecosystem services from the perspective of "ecological-production-living" functions (EPLFs) and analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics of grassland EPLF trade-off and synergy relationships based on the data from the implementation of three conservation policies in the Qilian Mountains from 2003 to 2020. The results showed evident spatial and temporal differentiation of the grassland EPLFs. The ecological function was consistent with the production function, trending upward initially and then decreasing. The living function showed a trend of continuous increase. The spatial pattern of grassland EPLFs showed that the northwest and southeast were more active than the middle of the Qilian Mountains, and the regional gradient difference was apparent. The trade-off and synergy relationships of grassland EPLFs have obvious spatial correlations as well; spatial differences were evident under different conservation policies. With national park construction, the synergistic relationship gradually weakened and the trade-off relationship gradually strengthened. These results suggest that the policy of ecological priority increased trade-offs and reduced synergies among EPLFs was not conducive to coupling and coordinating grassland EPLFs for development in the Qilian Mountains. Our study also demonstrates that maintaining moderate grassland grazing pressure and the appropriate number of herdsmen is crucial to sustainably develop the grassland ecosystem in the Qilian Mountains, and further research into coupling mechanisms for grassland EPLFs is needed to reduce trade-offs and increase synergies with grassland ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
| | - Xingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
| | - Chuanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Fei Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
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Tian J, Feng C, Fu G, Fan L, Wang W. Contribution of different types of terrestrial protected areas to carbon sequestration services in China: 1980–2020. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1074410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring the contribution of protected areas to carbon sequestration services is meaningful to enhance the role of protected areas in climate change mitigation globally. However, less attention has been paid to the contribution of different types of protected areas to carbon sequestration services as well as their changes, which is not conducive to provide more effective solutions in the context of future climate change. Here, we identified the status and changes of carbon sequestration in different types of terrestrial protected areas in China and calculated the amount of carbon sequestration in different ecosystems in terrestrial protected areas and in different climatic zones. Our results indicated that carbon sequestration of China’s terrestrial protected areas had shown a significant increasing trend over the past 40 years (1980–2020) (R2 = 0.862, p < 0.05). Among the different types of terrestrial protected areas in China, nature reserves had the greatest carbon sequestration, accounting for 64–66% of the carbon sequestration in China’s terrestrial protected areas from 1980 to 2020. Although the carbon sequestration per unit area of forest parks was the highest among all types of protected areas, the proportion of carbon sequestration of forest parks tended to decrease significantly over the past 40 years. Carbon sequestration of protected areas in the humid zone had been mainly contributed by forest ecosystems, while grassland and desert ecosystems in terrestrial protected areas in regions with low rainfall (e.g., semi-arid and arid) had made more contribution to carbon sequestration services. Our study showed that China’s terrestrial protected areas had played an important role in carbon sequestration over the past 40 years, but there are still some gaps compared to the global level, and the planning and establishment of protected areas need to be further strengthened in the future.
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Liu Y, Lü Y, Zhao M, Fu B. Multiple pressures and vegetation conditions shape the spatiotemporal variations of ecosystem services in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1127808. [PMID: 36743496 PMCID: PMC9893274 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1127808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Human activities and environmental change can impact the supply of ecosystem services (ESs) as pressures. Understanding the mechanisms of these impacts is crucial to support ecological conservation and restoration policy and applications. In this study, we highlighted the contribution of vegetation to mitigating these impacts on ESs in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) of China. First, we identified hot and cold spots of pressures from human activities and environmental factors and mapped the cumulative provision of five ESs (i.e., water yield, soil retention, carbon sequestration, habitat quality, and landscape aesthetics). Then, we clustered these ESs into five bundles based on their supply level. Furthermore, structural equation modeling was used to quantify the pathways of multiple pressures on ESs. The results indicated that 1) for 2000, 2010 and 2019, the percentages of hot spots with high pressure were 28.88%, 27.59% and 45.66% respectively, with significant spatial heterogeneity from northwest to southeast; 2) both regions with high and low cumulative ES values experienced increased volatility; and 3) the joint effects of multiple pressures shaped ESs through pressure-ES (direct) and pressure-vegetation-ES (indirect) pathways. Specifically, precipitation had the largest positive effect on regulating services (rα ≥ 0.76), and landscape fragmentation had the largest negative effect on cultural services (-0.10 ≤ rα ≤ -0.07). Vegetation played an important role in modulating multiple pressures on ESs. This study contributes to ecosystem management by effectively coping with anthropogenic and environmental pressures and sustaining the supply of ESs, particularly in alpine and plateau regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yihe Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Di Stefano C, Nicosia A, Pampalone V, Ferro V. Soil loss tolerance in the context of the European Green Deal. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12869. [PMID: 36685473 PMCID: PMC9852692 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil erosion by water, and the consequent loss of a non-renewable resource, is a relevant environmental issue which has economic, ecologic, and social repercussions. In the context of the European Green Deal, the increasing awareness of soil Ecosystem Services is leading to give the due relevance to this problem. Notwithstanding the recent soil conservation strategies adopted by the Common Agricultural Policy had positive effects, the concern regarding this topic is drastically increasing for the normalization of extraordinary rainfall events due to climate change. Recent events occurred in Europe demonstrated that landscape protection is often inadequate and interventions to prevent damages due to hydrogeological instability are scarce. The determination of a "tolerable" soil loss TSL is useful to establish a quantitative standard to measure the effectiveness of strategies and techniques to control soil erosion. However, soil conservation strategies/works designed by the mean annual value of the climatic variable, as the rainfall erosivity factor R, are not appropriate for some erosive events which produce intolerable sediment yield values. Therefore, the adoption of an adequate TSL, which could help to ensure the protection of soil functions and a sustainable soil use, should be a primary goal to reach for policy makers. In this paper, a new method to define the tolerable soil loss is proposed. This approach is based on the statistical analysis of the measured annual values of R and leads to the determination of the cover and management factor for which the maximum tolerable soil loss is equal to the annual soil loss of given return period. The analysis demonstrated that to limit soil erosion to the tolerable soil loss, interventions to change land use, reduce field length or apply support practices can be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Di Stefano
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - A. Nicosia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - V. Pampalone
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - V. Ferro
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy,NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy,Corresponding author. Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Chen X, Yu L, Cao Y, Xu Y, Zhao Z, Zhuang Y, Liu X, Du Z, Liu T, Yang B, He L, Wu H, Yang R, Gong P. Habitat quality dynamics in China's first group of national parks in recent four decades: Evidence from land use and land cover changes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116505. [PMID: 36270131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As the most biodiversity-rich part of the protected areas system, habitats within the pilot national parks have long been threatened by drastic human-induced land use and land cover changes. The growing concern about habitat loss has spurred China's national park project to shift from pilot to construction phase with the official establishment of China's first group of national parks (CFGNPs) in October 2021. But far too little attention has been paid to the synergistic work concerning the habitat quality (HQ) dynamics of all five national parks. Here, the InVEST model, combined with a satellite-derived land use and land cover product and a hot spot analysis (HSA) method, was used to investigate the HQ dynamics at the park- and pixel-scale within the CFGNPs. Our results demonstrate that the past ecological conservation practices within national parks have been unpromising, especially in Giant Panda National Park, Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park (NCTL), and Wuyi Mountain National Park (WYM), where HQ as a whole showed a significant decline. Furthermore, more than half of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park (87.2%), WYM (77.4%), and NCTL (52.9%) showed significant HQ degradation from 1980 to 2019. Besides, increasing trends in the area shares of HQ degraded pixels were observed in all five national parks from 1980-1999 to 2000-2019. The HSA implied that the hot spots of high HQ degradation rates tend to occur in areas closer to urban settlements or on the edge of national parks, where human activities are intensive. Despite these disappointing findings, we highlighted from the observed local successes and the HQ plateau that the construction of CFGNPs is expected to reverse the deteriorating HQ trends. Thus, we concluded our paper by proposing an HSA-based regulatory zoning scheme that includes five subzones to guide the future construction of China's national park system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yue Cao
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yidi Xu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Universite Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191, France
| | - Zhicong Zhao
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Youbo Zhuang
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xuehua Liu
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhenrong Du
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lu He
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hui Wu
- School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Peng Gong
- Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Geography, Department of Earth Sciences, and Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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Shao J, Zhou Y, Luo H, Wang J, Zhang Q. Comparative analysis of visual amenity services valuation: A nationwide assessment through propensity scoring matching and hedonic regression. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116564. [PMID: 36326525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Conventional hedonic valuations of environmental amenities and cultural ecosystem services (CES) expose two limitations. First, related studies are unable to fully capture the value of visual amenity services which synergistically contribute and enhance the provision of valuable CES together with recreation, educational and spiritual services. Second, studies using linear hedonic regression cannot address potential bias resulting from multicollinearity in independent variables. We found that popular choices of covariates are correlated with the main amenity variable, which can lead to an undermined estimation precision. Therefore, to address those shortcomings, we first employed a specific proxy dummy variable to assign treatment and control individuals based on the service type. Second, we adopted propensity score matching (PSM) methodology to match treatment and control observations conditional on overlapping baseline covariates in order to avoid collinearity. Then, we carried out a comparative evaluation of a nationwide visual amenity service of the ocean ecosystem in China, via our new PSM-based average treatment effects (ATE) methodology and a conventional linear hedonic regression. Two methodologies showed opposite results, with an 8.3% premium in apartment price via PSM-ATE and a negative 0.9% premium via hedonic linear regression. Via a novel evaluation method and a nationwide case study, we conclude that diversifying and enriching the current methodology should be the priority for environmental amenity and cultural ecosystem services-related valuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Shao
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Ying Zhou
- The Center for Eco-Environmental Accounting, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Huan Luo
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jinnan Wang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; The Center for Eco-Environmental Accounting, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, PR China; Joint Laboratory of Ecological Products and Natural Capital, Beijing, PR China; Academy of Ecological Civilization, Zhejiang University, PR China.
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Academy of Ecological Civilization, Zhejiang University, PR China
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Ma T, Jia L, Zhong L, Gong X, Wei Y. Governance of China's Potatso National Park Influenced by Local Community Participation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:807. [PMID: 36613127 PMCID: PMC9819458 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Conservationists recognize that protected areas (PAs) have limited prospects without the involvement and support of local people. As a governance strategy, community participation is to implement the coordinated development of communities and PAs. However, the effects of community participation on national park governance have rarely been tested. Therefore, the present study used a mixed-method approach that is derived from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) green list of protected and conserved areas (PCA) conservation outcomes framework, calibrated to the indigenous peoples and local communities' (IPLCs) self-assessments about the outcomes of community participation on national park governance to explore the community participation effects. Our results show that management efficiency controls governance outcomes. Potatso National Park's transformation from the tourism development model to national park is still ongoing, and there exists quite a few problems. We conclude that a successful national park governance as envisaged by the "ecological civilization" paradigm requires a balance of government regulation, participation of various stakeholders in decision-making and discussion, compensation, as well as sustainable access to environmental resources by the affected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ma
- Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lizhi Jia
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Linsheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyu Gong
- College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Institute of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Wang B, Ye W, Xu Y, Zhong X, Zhang J, Yang N, Yang B, Zhou C. Climate change affects Galliformes taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity indexes, shifting conservation priority areas in China. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education) China West Normal University Nanchong China
| | - Weijia Ye
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education) China West Normal University Nanchong China
| | - Yu Xu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, School of Life Sciences Guizhou Normal University Guiyang China
| | - Xue Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education) China West Normal University Nanchong China
| | - Jindong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education) China West Normal University Nanchong China
| | - Nan Yang
- Institute of Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau Southwest Minzu University Chengdu China
| | - Biao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education) China West Normal University Nanchong China
- Sichuan Liziping Giant Panda Ecology and Conservation Station for Field Scientific Observation and Research China West Normal University Nanchong China
| | - Caiquan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education) China West Normal University Nanchong China
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Mobile animals and immobile protected areas: improving the coverage of nature reserves for Asian elephant conservation in China. ORYX 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0030605322000515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Many protected areas worldwide have been established to protect the last natural refuges of flagship animal species. However, long-established protected areas do not always match the current distributions of target species under changing environmental conditions. Here we present a case study of the Asian elephant Elephas maximus in Xishuangbanna, south-west China, to evaluate whether the established protected areas match the species’ current distribution and to identify key habitat patches for Asian elephant conservation. Our results show that currently only 24.5% of the predicted Asian elephant distribution in Xishuangbanna is located within Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve, which was established for elephant conservation. Based on the predicted Asian elephant distribution, we identified the most important habitat patches for elephant conservation in Xishuangbanna. The three most important patches were outside Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve and together they contained 43.3% of the estimated food resources for Asian elephants in all patches in Xishuangbanna. Thus, we identified a spatial mismatch between immobile protected areas and mobile animals. We recommend the inclusion of the three identified key habitat patches in a new national park currently being planned by the Chinese authorities for the conservation of the Asian elephant.
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Wang R, Bai Y, Alatalo JM, Guo G, Yang Z, Yang Z, Yang W. Impacts of urbanization at city cluster scale on ecosystem services along an urban-rural gradient: a case study of Central Yunnan City Cluster, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:88852-88865. [PMID: 35842510 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21626-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Urban agglomeration will be the main mode of future urbanization in China, greatly influencing social and economic development and ecosystem protection at the whole city cluster scale. It is important to analyze the impacts of large-scale, scattered land use and cover change (LUCC) consisting of one-pole-multi-point urbanization in city clusters on regional ecosystem services (ESs), so as to increase ecological security and maintain ES levels. Using the urban-rural gradient analysis method (UGAM), this study examined driver-response mechanisms of large-scale, scattered agglomeration urbanization on ESs along an urban-rural gradient and at a regional scale. This was done by simulating and analyzing tempo-spatial variations in ES characteristics along concentric ring gradients in the Central Yunnan City Cluster (CYCC) under its present urbanization path. The results showed that rapid urban sprawl is the main driver affecting the integral value of ESs in CYCC and that ES trade-offs (through LUCC caused by urbanization) between adjacent zones along the urban-rural gradient will particularly exacerbate the degradation of integral ES levels. Hence, CYCC should follow a sustainable, eco-friendly urbanization path and consider ecological principles and the impact of LUCC on regional ESs along the urban-rural gradient in top-level design and decision-making on urban planning and strategic land use management. Differentiated regional development policies should be formulated for each area, the urban-rural development pattern and layout optimized, the scale of construction land rationally controlled, and the overall efficiency of land use improved. Ecological buffers should be set up around areas with sharp and obvious changes in land use, to alleviate the negative impact of large-scale, decentralized city cluster urbanization on regional ESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibo Wang
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, 666303, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, 666303, China.
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Suzhou Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China.
| | - Juha M Alatalo
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Guimei Guo
- Kunming Institute of Urban Planning and Design, Kunming, 650041, China
| | - Zhangqian Yang
- College of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Zongbao Yang
- Panzhihua West District Ecological Environment Bureau, Panzhihua, 617004, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Suzhou Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Mi C, Huettmann F, Li X, Jiang Z, Du W, Sun B. Effects of climate and human activity on the current distribution of amphibians in China. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13964. [PMID: 35674098 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In China, as elsewhere, amphibians are highly endangered. Anthropogenic environmental change has affected the distribution and population dynamics of species, and species distributions at a broad scale are strongly driven by climate and species' ability to disperse. Yet, current knowledge remains limited on how widespread human activity affects the distribution patterns of amphibians in China and whether this effect extends beyond climate. We compiled a relatively comprehensive database on the distribution of 196 amphibian species in China from the literature, public databases, and field data. We obtained 25,826 records on almost 50% of known species in China. To test how environmental factors and human activities influence the current distribution of amphibians (1960-1990), we used range filling, which is species realized ranges relative to their potential climate distribution. We used all species occurrence records to represent realized range and niche models to predict potential distribution range. To reduce uncertainty, we used 3 regression methods (beta regression, generalized boosted regression models, and random forest) to test the associations of species range filling with human activity, climate, topography, and range size. The results of the 3 approaches were consistent. At the species level, mean annual precipitation (climate) had the most effect on spatial distribution pattern of amphibians in China, followed by range size. Human activity ranked last. At the spatial level, mean annual precipitation remained the most important factor. Regions in southeastern of China that are currently moist supported the highest amphibian diversity, but were predicted to experience a decline in precipitation under climate change scenarios. Consequently, the distributions of amphibians will likely shift to the northwest in the future, which could affect future conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Mi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Falk Huettmann
- EWHALE Lab, Department of Biology and Wildlife, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Xinhai Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiguo Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baojun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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50
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Ma H, Zhang D, Xiao L, Wang Y, Zhang L, Thompson C, Chen J, Dowell SD, Axmacher JC, Lü Z, Turvey ST. Integrating biodiversity conservation and local community perspectives in China through human dimensions research. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Ma
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London London UK
- Royal Holloway University of London Egham UK
| | - Di Zhang
- Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai China
- School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Lingyun Xiao
- Xi'an Jiaotong‐Liverpool University Suzhou China
| | - Yifu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Carolyn Thompson
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London London UK
- Department of Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment University College London London UK
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Cloud Mountain Conservation Dali Biodiversity Conservation and Research Center Dali China
- Institute of Anthropology National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | | | - Jan Christoph Axmacher
- Department of Geography University College London London UK
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences Agricultural University of Iceland Reykjavík Iceland
| | - Zhi Lü
- School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
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