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Xu M, Wu Z, Li W, Xue L. Gp93 inhibits unfolded protein response-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation and cell invasion. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31294. [PMID: 38922869 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, Hsp90B1 serves as a vital chaperonin, facilitating the accurate folding of proteins. Interestingly, Hsp90B1 exhibits contrasting roles in the development of various types of cancers, although the underlying reasons for this duality remain enigmatic. Through the utilization of the Drosophila model, this study unveils the functional significance of Gp93, the Drosophila ortholog of Hsp90B1, which hitherto had limited reported developmental functions. Employing the Drosophila cell invasion model, we elucidated the pivotal role of Gp93 in regulating cell invasion and modulating c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Furthermore, our investigation highlights the involvement of the unfolded protein response-associated IRE1/XBP1 pathway in governing Gp93 depletion-induced, JNK-dependent cell invasion. Collectively, these findings not only uncover a novel molecular function of Gp93 in Drosophila, but also underscore a significant consideration pertaining to the testing of Hsp90B1 inhibitors in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihan Wu
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xue
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
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2
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Waghmare I, Gangwani K, Rai A, Singh A, Kango-Singh M. A Tumor-Specific Molecular Network Promotes Tumor Growth in Drosophila by Enforcing a Jun N-Terminal Kinase-Yorkie Feedforward Loop. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1768. [PMID: 38730720 PMCID: PMC11083887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells expand rapidly in response to altered intercellular and signaling interactions to achieve the hallmarks of cancer. Impaired cell polarity combined with activated oncogenes is known to promote several hallmarks of cancer, e.g., activating invasion by increased activity of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and sustained proliferative signaling by increased activity of Hippo effector Yorkie (Yki). Thus, JNK, Yki, and their downstream transcription factors have emerged as synergistic drivers of tumor growth through pro-tumor signaling and intercellular interactions like cell competition. However, little is known about the signals that converge onto JNK and Yki in tumor cells and enable tumor cells to achieve the hallmarks of cancer. Here, using mosaic models of cooperative oncogenesis (RasV12,scrib-) in Drosophila, we show that RasV12,scrib- tumor cells grow through the activation of a previously unidentified network comprising Wingless (Wg), Dronc, JNK, and Yki. We show that RasV12,scrib- cells show increased Wg, Dronc, JNK, and Yki signaling, and all these signals are required for the growth of RasV12,scrib- tumors. We report that Wg and Dronc converge onto a JNK-Yki self-reinforcing positive feedback signal-amplification loop that promotes tumor growth. We found that the Wg-Dronc-Yki-JNK molecular network is specifically activated in polarity-impaired tumor cells and not in normal cells, in which apical-basal polarity remains intact. Our findings suggest that the identification of molecular networks may provide significant insights into the key biologically meaningful changes in signaling pathways and paradoxical signals that promote tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrayani Waghmare
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; (I.W.); (A.R.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Karishma Gangwani
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; (I.W.); (A.R.); (A.S.)
- Computational Biology Department, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Arushi Rai
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; (I.W.); (A.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; (I.W.); (A.R.); (A.S.)
- Premedical Programs, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
- Integrative Science and Engineering Centre (ISE), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
| | - Madhuri Kango-Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; (I.W.); (A.R.); (A.S.)
- Premedical Programs, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
- Integrative Science and Engineering Centre (ISE), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
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Nelson N, Vita DJ, Broadie K. Experience-dependent glial pruning of synaptic glomeruli during the critical period. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9110. [PMID: 38643298 PMCID: PMC11032375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Critical periods are temporally-restricted, early-life windows when sensory experience remodels synaptic connectivity to optimize environmental input. In the Drosophila juvenile brain, critical period experience drives synapse elimination, which is transiently reversible. Within olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) classes synapsing onto single projection neurons extending to brain learning/memory centers, we find glia mediate experience-dependent pruning of OSN synaptic glomeruli downstream of critical period odorant exposure. We find glial projections infiltrate brain neuropil in response to critical period experience, and use Draper (MEGF10) engulfment receptors to prune synaptic glomeruli. Downstream, we find antagonistic Basket (JNK) and Puckered (DUSP) signaling is required for the experience-dependent translocation of activated Basket into glial nuclei. Dependent on this signaling, we find critical period experience drives expression of the F-actin linking signaling scaffold Cheerio (FLNA), which is absolutely essential for the synaptic glomeruli pruning. We find Cheerio mediates experience-dependent regulation of the glial F-actin cytoskeleton for critical period remodeling. These results define a sequential pathway for experience-dependent brain synaptic glomeruli pruning in a strictly-defined critical period; input experience drives neuropil infiltration of glial projections, Draper/MEGF10 receptors activate a Basket/JNK signaling cascade for transcriptional activation, and Cheerio/FLNA induction regulates the glial actin cytoskeleton to mediate targeted synapse phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichalas Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Dominic J Vita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Kendal Broadie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
- Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
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Zhu S, Wang X, Chen H, Zhu W, Li X, Cui R, Yi X, Chen X, Li H, Wang G. Hippo (YAP)-autophagy axis protects against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury through JNK signaling. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:657-668. [PMID: 37232477 PMCID: PMC10950187 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) remains a common complication during liver transplantation (LT) in patients. As a key downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, Yes-associated protein (YAP) has been reported to be involved in various physiological and pathological processes. However, it remains elusive whether and how YAP may control autophagy activation during ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS Human liver tissues from patients who had undergone LT were obtained to evaluate the correlation between YAP and autophagy activation. Both an in vitro hepatocyte cell line and in vivo liver-specific YAP knockdown mice were used to establish the hepatic ischemia-reperfusion models to determine the role of YAP in the activation of autophagy and the mechanism of regulation. RESULTS Autophagy was activated in the post-perfusion liver grafts during LT in patients, and the expression of YAP positively correlated with the autophagic level of hepatocytes. Liver-specific knockdown of YAP inhibited hepatocytes autophagy upon hypoxia-reoxygenation and HIRI ( P <0.05). YAP deficiency aggravated HIRI by promoting the apoptosis of hepatocytes both in the in vitro and in vivo models ( P <0.05). Attenuated HIRI by overexpression of YAP was diminished after the inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine. In addition, inhibiting autophagy activation by YAP knockdown exacerbated mitochondrial damage through increasing reactive oxygen species ( P <0.05). Moreover, the regulation of autophagy by YAP during HIRI was mediated by AP1 (c-Jun) N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling through binding to the transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD). CONCLUSIONS YAP protects against HIRI by inducing autophagy via JNK signaling that suppresses the apoptosis of hepatocytes. Targeting Hippo (YAP)-JNK-autophagy axis may provide a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of HIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Zhu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Hepatology lab, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Haoqi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- Department of Hepatology lab, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Ruiwen Cui
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yi
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Genshu Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
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Melrose J. Hippo cell signaling and HS-proteoglycans regulate tissue form and function, age-dependent maturation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and repair. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C810-C828. [PMID: 38223931 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00683.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This review examined how Hippo cell signaling and heparan sulfate (HS)-proteoglycans (HSPGs) regulate tissue form and function. Despite being a nonweight-bearing tissue, the brain is regulated by Hippo mechanoresponsive cell signaling pathways during embryonic development. HS-proteoglycans interact with growth factors, morphogens, and extracellular matrix components to regulate development and pathology. Pikachurin and Eyes shut (Eys) interact with dystroglycan to stabilize the photoreceptor axoneme primary cilium and ribbon synapse facilitating phototransduction and neurotransduction with bipolar retinal neuronal networks in ocular vision, the primary human sense. Another HSPG, Neurexin interacts with structural and adaptor proteins to stabilize synapses and ensure specificity of neural interactions, and aids in synaptic potentiation and plasticity in neurotransduction. HSPGs also stabilize the blood-brain barrier and motor neuron basal structures in the neuromuscular junction. Agrin and perlecan localize acetylcholinesterase and its receptors in the neuromuscular junction essential for neuromuscular control. The primary cilium is a mechanosensory hub on neurons, utilized by YES associated protein (YAP)-transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) Hippo, Hh, Wnt, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/bone matrix protein (BMP) receptor tyrosine kinase cell signaling. Members of the glypican HSPG proteoglycan family interact with Smoothened and Patched G-protein coupled receptors on the cilium to regulate Hh and Wnt signaling during neuronal development. Control of glycosyl sulfotransferases and endogenous protease expression by Hippo TAZ YAP represents a mechanism whereby the fine structure of HS-proteoglycans can be potentially modulated spatiotemporally to regulate tissue morphogenesis in a similar manner to how Hippo signaling controls sialyltransferase expression and mediation of cell-cell recognition, dysfunctional sialic acid expression is a feature of many tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School-Northern, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Waghmare I, Gangwani K, Rai A, Singh A, Kango-Singh M. A Tumour-Specific Molecular Network Promotes Tumour Growth in Drosophila by Enforcing a JNK-YKI Feedforward Loop. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.18.561369. [PMID: 37904920 PMCID: PMC10614921 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.561369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells expand rapidly in response to altered intercellular and signalling interactions to achieve hallmarks of cancer. Impaired cell polarity combined with activated oncogenes is known to promote several hallmarks of cancer e.g., activating invasion by increased activity of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and sustained proliferative signalling by increased activity of Hippo effector Yorkie (Yki). Thus, JNK, Yki, and their downstream transcription factors have emerged as synergistic drivers of tumour growth through pro-tumour signalling and intercellular interactions like cell-competition. However, little is known about the signals that converge onto JNK and Yki in tumour cells that enable the tumour cells to achieve hallmarks of cancer. Here, using mosaic models of cooperative oncogenesis ( Ras V12 , scrib - ) in Drosophila , we show that Ras V12 , scrib - tumour cells grow by activation of a previously unidentified network comprising Wingless (Wg), Dronc, JNK and Yki. We show that Ras V12 , scrib - cells show increased Wg, Dronc, JNK, and Yki signalling, and all of these signals are required for the growth of Ras V12 , scrib - tumours. We report that Wg and Dronc converge onto a JNK-Yki self-reinforcing positive feedback signal-amplification loop that promotes tumour growth. We found that Wg-Dronc-Yki-JNK molecular network is specifically activated in polarity-impaired tumour cells and not in normal cells where apical basal polarity is intact. Our findings suggest that identification of molecular networks may provide significant insights about the key biologically meaningful changes in signalling pathways, and paradoxical signals that promote Tumourigenesis.
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Li C, Zhu X, Sun X, Guo X, Li W, Chen P, Shidlovskii YV, Zhou Q, Xue L. Slik maintains tissue homeostasis by preventing JNK-mediated apoptosis. Cell Div 2023; 18:16. [PMID: 37794497 PMCID: PMC10552427 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-023-00097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of cell death, which is essential for coordinating tissue homeostasis. In this study, we have characterized the Drosophila Ste20-like kinase Slik as a novel modulator of JNK pathway-mediated apoptotic cell death. RESULTS First, ectopic JNK signaling-triggered cell death is enhanced by slik depletion whereas suppressed by Slik overexpression. Second, loss of slik activates JNK signaling, which results in enhanced apoptosis and impaired tissue homeostasis. In addition, genetic epistasis analysis suggests that Slik acts upstream of or in parallel to Hep to regulate JNK-mediated apoptotic cell death. Moreover, Slik is necessary and sufficient for preventing physiologic JNK signaling-mediated cell death in development. Furthermore, introduction of STK10, the human ortholog of Slik, into Drosophila restores slik depletion-induced cell death and compromised tissue homeostasis. Lastly, knockdown of STK10 in human cancer cells also leads to JNK activation, which is cancelled by expression of Slik. CONCLUSIONS This study has uncovered an evolutionarily conserved role of Slik/STK10 in blocking JNK signaling, which is required for cell death inhibition and tissue homeostasis maintenance in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Li
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhu
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Sun
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Chen
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulii V Shidlovskii
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, Sechenov University, 8, bldg. 2 Trubetskaya St, Moscow, 119048, Russia
| | - Qian Zhou
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Xue
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
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Wang J, Chen H, Hou W, Han Q, Wang Z. Hippo Pathway in Schwann Cells and Regeneration of Peripheral Nervous System. Dev Neurosci 2023; 45:276-289. [PMID: 37080186 DOI: 10.1159/000530621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway comprising a series of MST/LATS kinase complexes. Its key transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ regulate transcription factors such as TEAD family to direct gene expression. The regulation of Hippo pathway, especially the nuclear level change of YAP and TAZ, significantly influences the cell fate switching from proliferation to differentiation, regeneration, and postinjury repair. This review outlines the main findings of Hippo pathway in peripheral nerve development, regeneration, and tumorigenesis, especially the studies in Schwann cells. We also summarize other roles of Hippo pathway in damage repair of the peripheral nerve system and discuss the potential future research which probably contributes to novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Jing'an District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haofeng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wulei Hou
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Jing'an District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingjian Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuoyun Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Jing'an District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chen M, Gao E, Lin G, Shen J, Wang D. The transcription factor optomotor-blind restricts apterous expression through TrxG and PcG genes. Dev Biol 2023; 497:59-67. [PMID: 36907311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of body pattern is a fundamental process in developmental biology. In Drosophila, the wing disc is subdivided into dorsal (D) and ventral (V) compartments by the D/V boundary. The dorsal fate is adopted by expressing the selector gene apterous (ap). ap expression is regulated by three combinational cis-regulatory modules which are activated by EGFR pathway, Ap-Vg auto-regulatory and epigenetic mechanisms. Here, we found that the Tbx family transcription factor Optomotor-blind (Omb) restricted ap expression in the ventral compartment. Loss of omb induced autonomous initiation of ap expression in the middle third instar larvae in the ventral compartment. Oppositely, over-activation of omb inhibited ap in the medial pouch. All three enhancers apE, apDV and apP were upregulated in omb null mutants, indicating a combinational regulation of ap modulators. However, Omb affected ap expression neither by directly regulating EGFR signaling, nor via Vg regulation. Therefore, a genetic screen of epigenetic regulators, including the Trithorax group (TrxG) and Polycomb group (PcG) genes was performed. We found that knocking down the TrxG gene kohtalo (kto), domino (dom) or expressing the PcG gene grainy head (grh), the ectopic ap in omb mutants was repressed. The inhibition of apDV by kto knockdown and grh activation could contribute to ap repression. Moreover, Omb and the EGFR pathway are genetically parallel in ap regulation in the ventral compartment. Collectively, Omb is a repressive signal for ap expression in the ventral compartment, which requires TrxG and PcG genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, 265500, China
| | - Erqing Gao
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guangze Lin
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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10
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Jia YS, Yang L, Zhu YQ, Ma CB. Beta-catenin knockdown impairs the viability of ovarian cancer cells by modulating YAP-dependent glycolysis. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:982-994. [PMID: 36915794 PMCID: PMC10006774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ovarian cancer (OC) ranks fifth among the main causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. PCLAF/KIAA0101 and Yes-associated protein (YAP) have been linked to several human malignant cancers, including OC. However, the roles of KIAA0101 and YAP in glycolysis-dependent OC cell proliferation remain unknown. METHODS qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to analyze the KIAA0101 expression. Short hairpin RNA transfection was performed to silence KIAA0101 expression in cells. Cell viability and apoptosis were assayed by colony formation and flow cytometry, respectively. Glucose uptake, lactate production, and glycolytic enzyme expression were assessed to determine the level of cellular glycolysis. Phosphorylation and the nuclear localization of YAP were assessed to determine YAP activation. RESULTS OC tissue and cell lines exhibited higher KIAA0101 expression than the non-cancerous tissues and cells. KIAA0101 silencing reduced the proliferation and increased the apoptosis of both A2780 and ES-2 OC cell lines. Furthermore, KIAA0101 depletion suppressed glycolysis and YAP activation, as evidenced by increased YAP phosphorylation and decreased nuclear localization. Reactivation of YAP was performed by administration of mitochonic acid 5 in both OC cell lines with KIAA0101 knockdown. Glucose uptake, lactate production, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase beta, pyruvate kinase M2, triosephosphate isomerase 1, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, enolase 1, and lactate dehydrogenase expression levels in cells recovered after the reactivation of YAP. Additionally, YAP reactivation increased cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that KIAA0101 could promote glycolysis during nasopharyngeal carcinoma development through YAP signaling activation, suggesting that KIAA0101 could serve as a target for OC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Shuang Jia
- Department of Gynecology, Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Yong-Qing Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Cheng-Bin Ma
- Department of Gynecology, Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University Shanghai 200051, China
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Fu M, Hu Y, Lan T, Guan KL, Luo T, Luo M. The Hippo signalling pathway and its implications in human health and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:376. [PMID: 36347846 PMCID: PMC9643504 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As an evolutionarily conserved signalling network, the Hippo pathway plays a crucial role in the regulation of numerous biological processes. Thus, substantial efforts have been made to understand the upstream signals that influence the activity of the Hippo pathway, as well as its physiological functions, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, organ growth, embryogenesis, and tissue regeneration/wound healing. However, dysregulation of the Hippo pathway can cause a variety of diseases, including cancer, eye diseases, cardiac diseases, pulmonary diseases, renal diseases, hepatic diseases, and immune dysfunction. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that target dysregulated Hippo components might be promising approaches for the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. Here, we review the key components and upstream signals of the Hippo pathway, as well as the critical physiological functions controlled by the Hippo pathway. Additionally, diseases associated with alterations in the Hippo pathway and potential therapies targeting Hippo components will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyang Fu
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology Nursing, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianxia Lan
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ting Luo
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Min Luo
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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12
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Bip-Yorkie interaction determines oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles of Ire1/Xbp1s activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202133119. [PMID: 36215479 PMCID: PMC9586321 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202133119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unfolded protein response (UPR) is the mechanism by which cells control endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein homeostasis. ER proteostasis is essential to adapt to cell proliferation and regeneration in development and tumorigenesis, but mechanisms linking UPR, growth control, and cancer progression remain unclear. Here, we report that the Ire1/Xbp1s pathway has surprisingly oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles in a context-dependent manner. Activation of Ire1/Xbp1s up-regulates their downstream target Bip, which sequesters Yorkie (Yki), a Hippo pathway transducer, in the cytoplasm to restrict Yki transcriptional output. This regulation provides an endogenous defensive mechanism in organ size control, intestinal homeostasis, and regeneration. Unexpectedly, Xbp1 ablation promotes tumor overgrowth but suppresses invasiveness in a Drosophila cancer model. Mechanistically, hyperactivated Ire1/Xbp1s signaling in turn induces JNK-dependent developmental and oncogenic cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via repression of Yki. In humans, a negative correlation between XBP1 and YAP (Yki ortholog) target gene expression specifically exists in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs), and those with high XBP1 or HSPA5 (Bip ortholog) expression have better clinical outcomes. In human TNBC cell lines and xenograft models, ectopic XBP1s or HSPA5 expression alleviates tumor growth but aggravates cell migration and invasion. These findings uncover a conserved crosstalk between the Ire1/Xbp1s and Hippo signaling pathways under physiological settings, as well as a crucial role of Bip-Yki interaction in tumorigenesis that is shared from Drosophila to humans.
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13
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Martínez Traverso IM, Steimle JD, Zhao X, Wang J, Martin JF. LATS1/2 control TGFB-directed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the murine dorsal cranial neuroepithelium through YAP regulation. Development 2022; 149:dev200860. [PMID: 36125128 PMCID: PMC9587805 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hippo signaling, an evolutionarily conserved kinase cascade involved in organ size control, plays key roles in various tissue developmental processes, but its role in craniofacial development remains poorly understood. Using the transgenic Wnt1-Cre2 driver, we inactivated the Hippo signaling components Lats1 and Lats2 in the cranial neuroepithelium of mouse embryos and found that the double conditional knockout (DCKO) of Lats1/2 resulted in neural tube and craniofacial defects. Lats1/2 DCKO mutant embryos had microcephaly with delayed and defective neural tube closure. Furthermore, neuroepithelial cell shape and architecture were disrupted within the cranial neural tube in Lats1/2 DCKO mutants. RNA sequencing of embryonic neural tubes revealed increased TGFB signaling in Lats1/2 DCKO mutants. Moreover, markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were upregulated in the cranial neural tube. Inactivation of Hippo signaling downstream effectors, Yap and Taz, suppressed neuroepithelial defects, aberrant EMT and TGFB upregulation in Lats1/2 DCKO embryos, indicating that LATS1/2 function via YAP and TAZ. Our findings reveal important roles for Hippo signaling in modulating TGFB signaling during neural crest EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idaliz M. Martínez Traverso
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Steimle
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaolei Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James F. Martin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 , USA
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14
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Emerging Roles of RNA-Binding Proteins in Neurodevelopment. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10020023. [PMID: 35735914 PMCID: PMC9224834 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) are generated by a relatively small pool of neural stem cells during early development. Spatial and temporal regulation of stem cell behavior relies on precise coordination of gene expression. Well-studied mechanisms include hormone signaling, transcription factor activity, and chromatin remodeling processes. Much less is known about downstream RNA-dependent mechanisms including posttranscriptional regulation, nuclear export, alternative splicing, and transcript stability. These important functions are carried out by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Recent work has begun to explore how RBPs contribute to stem cell function and homeostasis, including their role in metabolism, transport, epigenetic regulation, and turnover of target transcripts. Additional layers of complexity are provided by the different target recognition mechanisms of each RBP as well as the posttranslational modifications of the RBPs themselves that alter function. Altogether, these functions allow RBPs to influence various aspects of RNA metabolism to regulate numerous cellular processes. Here we compile advances in RNA biology that have added to our still limited understanding of the role of RBPs in neurodevelopment.
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15
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USP49 mediates tumor progression and poor prognosis through a YAP1-dependent feedback loop in gastric cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:2555-2570. [PMID: 35318441 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the Hippo-Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) pathway in gastric carcinogenesis and metastasis has attracted considerable research attention; however, the regulatory network of YAP1 in gastric cancer (GC) is not completely understood. In this study, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 49 (USP49) was identified as a novel deubiquitinase of YAP1, knockdown of USP49 inhibited the proliferation, metastasis, chemoresistance, and peritoneal metastasis of GC cells. Overexpression of USP49 showed opposing biological effects. Moreover, USP49 was transcriptionally activated by the YAP1/TEAD4 complex, which formed a positive feedback loop with YAP1 to promote the malignant progression of GC cells. Finally, we collected tissue samples and clinical follow-up information from 482 GC patients. The results showed that USP49 expression was high in GC cells and positively correlated with the expression of YAP1 and its target genes, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61). Survival and Cox regression analysis showed that high USP49 expression was associated with poor prognosis and was an independent prognostic factor. Moreover, patients with high USP49 and YAP1 expression had extremely short overall survival. The findings of this study reveal that the aberrant activation of the USP49/YAP1 positive feedback loop plays a critical role in the malignant progression of GC, thus providing potential novel prognostic factors and therapeutic targets for GC.
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16
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Zhao Y, Peng D, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Liu B, Deng Y, Ding W, Zhou Z, Liu Q. Usp8 promotes tumor cell migration through activating the JNK pathway. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:286. [PMID: 35361778 PMCID: PMC8971431 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04749-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the most cause of high mortality for cancer patients. Identification of novel factors that modulate tumor cell migration is of great significance for therapeutic strategies. Here, we find that the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (Usp8) promotes tumor cell migration through activating the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Genetic epistasis analyses uncover Usp8 acts upstream of Tak1 to control the JNK pathway. Consistently, biochemical results reveal that Usp8 binds Tak1 to remove ubiquitin modification from Tak1, leading to its stabilization. In addition, human USP8 also triggers tumor cell migration and activates the JNK pathway. Finally, we show that knockdown of USP8 in human breast cancer cells suppresses cell migration. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that a conserved Usp8-Tak1-JNK axis promotes tumor cell migration, and providing USP8 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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17
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Ding Y, Wang G, Zhan M, Sun X, Deng Y, Zhao Y, Liu B, Liu Q, Wu S, Zhou Z. Hippo signaling suppresses tumor cell metastasis via a Yki-Src42A positive feedback loop. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1126. [PMID: 34862372 PMCID: PMC8642408 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is an important cause of death from malignant tumors. It is of great significance to explore the molecular mechanism of metastasis for the development of anti-cancer drugs. Here, we find that the Hippo pathway hampers tumor cell metastasis in vivo. Silence of hpo or its downstream wts promotes tumor cell migration in a Yki-dependent manner. Furthermore, we identify that inhibition of the Hippo pathway promotes tumor cell migration through transcriptional activating src42A, a Drosophila homolog of the SRC oncogene. Yki activates src42A transcription through direct binding its intron region. Intriguingly, Src42A further increases Yki transcriptional activity to form a positive feedback loop. Finally, we show that SRC is also a target of YAP and important for YAP to promote the migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Together, our findings uncover a conserved Yki/YAP-Src42A/SRC positive feedback loop promoting tumor cell migration and provide SRC as a potential therapeutic target for YAP-driven metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018 Tai’an, China
| | - Guiping Wang
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- grid.452930.90000 0004 1757 8087Center of Intervention radiology, Zhuhai Precision Medicine Center, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, 519000 Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaohan Sun
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018 Tai’an, China
| | - Yanran Deng
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Yunhe Zhao
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018 Tai’an, China
| | - Bin Liu
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018 Tai’an, China
| | - Qingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, China.
| | - Shian Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zizhang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, China.
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18
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Wu C, Ding X, Li Z, Huang Y, Xu Q, Zou R, Zhao M, Chang H, Jiang C, La X, Lin G, Li W, Xue L. CtBP modulates Snail-mediated tumor invasion in Drosophila. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:202. [PMID: 34349099 PMCID: PMC8339073 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most fatal diseases that threaten human health, whereas more than 90% mortality of cancer patients is caused by tumor metastasis, rather than the growth of primary tumors. Thus, how to effectively control or even reverse the migration of tumor cells is of great significance for cancer therapy. CtBP, a transcriptional cofactor displaying high expression in a variety of human cancers, has become one of the main targets for cancer prediction, diagnosis, and treatment. The roles of CtBP in promoting tumorigenesis have been well studied in vitro, mostly based on gain-of-function, while its physiological functions in tumor invasion and the underlying mechanism remain largely elusive. Snail (Sna) is a well-known transcription factor involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor invasion, yet the mechanism that regulates Sna activity has not been fully understood. Using Drosophila as a model organism, we found that depletion of CtBP or snail (sna) suppressed RasV12/lgl-/--triggered tumor growth and invasion, and disrupted cell polarity-induced invasive cell migration. In addition, loss of CtBP inhibits RasV12/Sna-induced tumor invasion and Sna-mediated invasive cell migration. Furthermore, both CtBP and Sna are physiologically required for developmental cell migration during thorax closure. Finally, Sna activates the JNK signaling and promotes JNK-dependent cell invasion. Given that CtBP physically interacts with Sna, our data suggest that CtBP and Sna may form a transcriptional complex that regulates JNK-dependent tumor invasion and cell migration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wu
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhuojie Li
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qian Xu
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Rui Zou
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Mingyang Zhao
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hong Chang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Chunhua Jiang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Xiaojin La
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Gufa Lin
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Lei Xue
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 51900, China.
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19
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Zhang A, Aslam H, Sharma N, Warmflash A, Fakhouri WD. Conservation of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Process in Neural Crest Cells and Metastatic Cancer. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 210:151-172. [PMID: 34218225 DOI: 10.1159/000516466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a highly conserved cellular process in several species, from worms to humans. EMT plays a fundamental role in early embryogenesis, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. For neural crest cell (NCC) development, EMT typically results in forming a migratory and potent cell population that generates a wide variety of cell and tissue, including cartilage, bone, connective tissue, endocrine cells, neurons, and glia amongst many others. The degree of conservation between the signaling pathways that regulate EMT during development and metastatic cancer (MC) has not been fully established, despite ample studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis dissects the major signaling pathways involved in EMT of NCC development and MC to unravel the similarities and differences. While the FGF, TGFβ/BMP, SHH, and NOTCH pathways have been rigorously investigated in both systems, the EGF, IGF, HIPPO, Factor Receptor Superfamily, and their intracellular signaling cascades need to be the focus of future NCC studies. In general, meta-analyses of the associated signaling pathways show a significant number of overlapping genes (particularly ligands, transcription regulators, and targeted cadherins) involved in each signaling pathway of both systems without stratification by body segments and cancer type. Lack of stratification makes it difficult to meaningfully evaluate the intracellular downstream effectors of each signaling pathway. Finally, pediatric neuroblastoma and melanoma are NCC-derived malignancies, which emphasize the importance of uncovering the EMT events that convert NCC into treatment-resistant malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Zhang
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hira Aslam
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Neha Sharma
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aryeh Warmflash
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Walid D Fakhouri
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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20
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Fan WM, Luo D, Zhang JZ, Wang D, Shen J. Vestigial suppresses apoptosis and cell migration in a manner dependent on the level of JNK-Caspase signaling in the Drosophila wing disc. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:63-76. [PMID: 32037698 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and Wingless (Wg) signal pathways play important roles in numerous biological processes in Drosophila. The Drosophila vestigial (vg) gene is selectively required for wing imaginal disc cell proliferation, which is essential for the formation of the adult wing and halter structures, and is regulated by Dpp and Wg signaling. Using a Drosophila invasion model of wing epithelium, we showed herein that inhibition of Dpp or Wg signaling promoted cells to migrate across the cell lineage restrictive anterior/posterior (A/P) compartment boundary. Being downstream of both Dpp and Wg signaling, vg can block cell migration induced by loss of either pathway. In addition, suppression of vg is sufficient to induce cell migration across the A/P boundary. Transcriptomic analysis revealed potential downstream genes involved in the cell migration after suppressing vg in the wing disc. We further demonstrated that the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling promoted cell migration induced by vg suppression by upregulating Caspase activity. Taken together, our results revealed the requirement of Vg for suppressing cell migration and clarified how developmental signals collaborate to stabilize cells along the compartment boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Min Fan
- Department of Entomology and MOA Lab for Pest Monitoring and Green Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Entomology and MOA Lab for Pest Monitoring and Green Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Zheng Zhang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Lab for Pest Monitoring and Green Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Lab for Pest Monitoring and Green Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Entomology and MOA Lab for Pest Monitoring and Green Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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21
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Layalle S, They L, Ourghani S, Raoul C, Soustelle L. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Genes in Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020904. [PMID: 33477509 PMCID: PMC7831090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating adult-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of upper and lower motoneurons. Most ALS cases are sporadic but approximately 10% of ALS cases are due to inherited mutations in identified genes. ALS-causing mutations were identified in over 30 genes with superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72), fused in sarcoma (FUS), and TAR DNA-binding protein (TARDBP, encoding TDP-43) being the most frequent. In the last few decades, Drosophila melanogaster emerged as a versatile model for studying neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS. In this review, we describe the different Drosophila ALS models that have been successfully used to decipher the cellular and molecular pathways associated with SOD1, C9orf72, FUS, and TDP-43. The study of the known fruit fly orthologs of these ALS-related genes yielded significant insights into cellular mechanisms and physiological functions. Moreover, genetic screening in tissue-specific gain-of-function mutants that mimic ALS-associated phenotypes identified disease-modifying genes. Here, we propose a comprehensive review on the Drosophila research focused on four ALS-linked genes that has revealed novel pathogenic mechanisms and identified potential therapeutic targets for future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Layalle
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
| | - Laetitia They
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
| | - Sarah Ourghani
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
| | - Cédric Raoul
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (L.S.)
| | - Laurent Soustelle
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (L.S.)
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22
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Guo P, Wang Z, Zhou Z, Tai Y, Zhang A, Wei W, Wang Q. Immuno-hippo: Research progress of the hippo pathway in autoimmune disease. Immunol Lett 2020; 230:11-20. [PMID: 33345861 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research in Drosophila and mammals has identified the core components of Hippo signaling, which controls gene expression. Studies of Drosophila have demonstrated the highly conserved Hippo pathway controls tissue homeostasis and organ size by regulating the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. Recent work has indicated a potential role of the Hippo pathway in regulating the immune system, which is the key player in autoimmune disease (AID). Therefore, the Hippo pathway may become a novel target for curing AID. Although the pivotal role of both the Hippo pathway in tumorigenesis has been thoroughly investigated, the role of it in AID is still poorly understood. Elucidating the role of Hippo signaling pathways in the activation and expression of specific molecules involved in immune regulation is important for understanding the pathogenesis of AID and exploring novel therapeutic targets. To aid in further research, this review describes the relationship between the Hippo pathway and inflammatory signals such as NF-κB and JAK-STAT, the function of the Hippo pathway in the formation and differentiation of immune cells, and the regulatory role of the Hippo pathway in AID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paipai Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yu Tai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Qingtong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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Bairzin JCD, Emmons-Bell M, Hariharan IK. The Hippo pathway coactivator Yorkie can reprogram cell fates and create compartment-boundary-like interactions at clone margins. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/50/eabe8159. [PMID: 33298454 PMCID: PMC7725458 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe8159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During development, tissue-specific patterns of gene expression are established by transcription factors and then stably maintained via epigenetic mechanisms. Cancer cells often express genes that are inappropriate for that tissue or developmental stage. Here, we show that high activity levels of Yki, the Hippo pathway coactivator that causes overgrowth in Drosophila imaginal discs, can also disrupt cell fates by altering expression of selector genes like engrailed (en) and Ultrabithorax (Ubx). Posterior clones expressing activated Yki can down-regulate en and express an anterior selector gene, cubitus interruptus (ci). The microRNA bantam and the chromatin regulator Taranis both function downstream of Yki in promoting ci expression. The boundary between Yki-expressing posterior clones and surrounding wild-type cells acquires properties reminiscent of the anteroposterior compartment boundary; Hedgehog signaling pathway activation results in production of Dpp. Thus, at least in principle, heterotypic interactions between Yki-expressing cells and their neighbors could activate boundary-specific signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna C D Bairzin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 515 Weill Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Maya Emmons-Bell
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 515 Weill Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Iswar K Hariharan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 515 Weill Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Ai X, Wang D, Zhang J, Shen J. Hippo signaling promotes Ets21c-dependent apical cell extrusion in the Drosophila wing disc. Development 2020; 147:dev.190124. [PMID: 33028612 DOI: 10.1242/dev.190124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell extrusion is a crucial regulator of epithelial tissue development and homeostasis. Epithelial cells undergoing apoptosis, bearing pathological mutations or possessing developmental defects are actively extruded toward elimination. However, the molecular mechanisms of Drosophila epithelial cell extrusion are not fully understood. Here, we report that activation of the conserved Hippo (Hpo) signaling pathway induces both apical and basal cell extrusion in the Drosophila wing disc epithelia. We show that canonical Yorkie targets Diap1, Myc and Cyclin E are not required for either apical or basal cell extrusion induced by activation of this pathway. Another target gene, bantam, is only involved in basal cell extrusion, suggesting novel Hpo-regulated apical cell extrusion mechanisms. Using RNA-seq analysis, we found that JNK signaling is activated in the extruding cells. We provide genetic evidence that JNK signaling activation is both sufficient and necessary for Hpo-regulated cell extrusion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the ETS-domain transcription factor Ets21c, an ortholog of proto-oncogenes FLI1 and ERG, acts downstream of JNK signaling to mediate apical cell extrusion. Our findings reveal a novel molecular link between Hpo signaling and cell extrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Ai
- Department of Entomology and MOA Lab for Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Lab for Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junzheng Zhang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Lab for Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Entomology and MOA Lab for Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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25
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Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of organ growth and tumorigenesis. In Drosophila, oncogenic RasV12 cooperates with loss-of-cell polarity to promote Hippo pathway-dependent tumor growth. To identify additional factors that modulate this signaling, we performed a genetic screen utilizing the Drosophila Ras V12 /lgl -/- in vivo tumor model and identified Rox8, a RNA-binding protein (RBP), as a positive regulator of the Hippo pathway. We found that Rox8 overexpression suppresses whereas Rox8 depletion potentiates Hippo-dependent tissue overgrowth, accompanied by altered Yki protein level and target gene expression. Mechanistically, Rox8 directly binds to a target site located in the yki 3' UTR, recruits and stabilizes the targeting of miR-8-loaded RISC, which accelerates the decay of yki messenger RNA (mRNA). Moreover, TIAR, the human ortholog of Rox8, is able to promote the degradation of yki mRNA when introduced into Drosophila and destabilizes YAP mRNA in human cells. Thus, our study provides in vivo evidence that the Hippo pathway is posttranscriptionally regulated by the collaborative action of RBP and microRNA (miRNA), which may provide an approach for modulating Hippo pathway-mediated tumorigenesis.
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26
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Modeling the efficiency of filovirus entry into cells in vitro: Effects of SNP mutations in the receptor molecule. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007612. [PMID: 32986692 PMCID: PMC7544041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between filovirus glycoprotein (GP) and the Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) protein is essential for membrane fusion during virus entry. Some single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in two surface-exposed loops of NPC1 are known to reduce viral infectivity. However, the dependence of differences in entry efficiency on SNPs remains unclear. Using vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped with Ebola and Marburg virus GPs, we investigated the cell-to-cell spread of viruses in cultured cells expressing NPC1 or SNP derivatives. Eclipse and virus-producing phases were assessed by in vitro infection experiments, and we developed a mathematical model describing spatial-temporal virus spread. This mathematical model fit the plaque radius data well from day 2 to day 6. Based on the estimated parameters, we found that SNPs causing the P424A and D508N substitutions in NPC1 most effectively reduced the entry efficiency of Ebola and Marburg viruses, respectively. Our novel approach could be broadly applied to other virus plaque assays. Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg (MARV) viruses, which are included viruses of the family Filoviridae, cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. Filovirus particles is adsorbed to the cell through glycoprotein (GP), which is the only viral surface protein. Interaction between the filovirus sugar protein (GP) and the Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) protein plays a key role in membrane fusion during virus entry. Although some single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in two surface-exposed loops of NPC1 are known to reduce viral infectivity, the dependence of differences in entry efficiency on SNPs has not been studied. We therefore investigated the cell-to-cell spread of viruses in cultured cells expressing NPC1 or SNP derivatives. Using a mathematical model describing spatial-temporal virus spread, we quantitatively analyze viral entry efficiency and how this affected cell-to-cell spread. Our approach may be applied to not only understanding the roles of genetic polymorphisms in human susceptibility to filoviruses, but also other virus plaque assays.
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27
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Ford DJ, Zraly CB, Perez JH, Dingwall AK. The Drosophila MLR COMPASS-like complex regulates bantam miRNA expression differentially in the context of cell fate. Dev Biol 2020; 468:41-53. [PMID: 32946789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The conserved MLR COMPASS-like complexes are histone modifiers that are recruited by a variety of transcription factors to enhancer regions where they act as necessary epigenetic tools for enhancer establishment and function. A critical in vivo target of the Drosophila MLR complex is the bantam miRNA that regulates cell survival and functions in feedback regulation of cellular signaling pathways during development. We determine that loss of Drosophila MLR complex function in developing wing and eye imaginal discs results in growth and patterning defects that are sensitive to bantam levels. Consistent with an essential regulatory role in modulating bantam transcription, the MLR complex binds to tissue-specific bantam enhancers and contributes to fine-tuning expression levels during larval tissue development. In wing imaginal discs, the MLR complex attenuates bantam enhancer activity by negatively regulating expression; whereas, in differentiating eye discs, the complex exerts either positive or negative regulatory activity on bantam transcription depending on cell fate. Furthermore, while the MLR complex is not required to control bantam levels in undifferentiated eye cells anterior to the morphogenetic furrow, it serves to prepare critical enhancer control of bantam transcription for later regulation upon differentiation. Our investigation into the transcriptional regulation of a single target in a developmental context has provided novel insights as to how the MLR complex contributes to the precise timing of gene expression, and how the complex functions to help orchestrate the regulatory output of conserved signaling pathways during animal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Ford
- Department of Cancer Biology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Claudia B Zraly
- Department of Cancer Biology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - John Hertenstein Perez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Andrew K Dingwall
- Department of Cancer Biology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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28
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Li Z, Yu Y, Kang J, Zheng Y, Xu J, Xu K, Hou K, Hou Y, Chi G. MicroRNA-124 Overexpression in Schwann Cells Promotes Schwann Cell-Astrocyte Integration and Inhibits Glial Scar Formation Ability. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:144. [PMID: 32714149 PMCID: PMC7347021 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cell (SC) transplantation is a promising approach for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI); however, SC grafts show a low migratory capacity within the astrocytic environment, which inevitably hampers their therapeutic efficacy. The purpose of this study was to explore mechanisms to modify the characteristics of SCs and astrocytes (ASs), as well as to adjust the SC-AS interface to break the SC-AS boundary, thus improving the benefits of SCI treatment. We observed that the expression levels of miR-124 in SCs and ASs were significantly lower than those in the normal spinal cord. Furthermore, overexpressing miR-124 in SCs (miR-124-SCs) significantly inhibited gene and protein expression levels of SC-specific markers, such as GFAP and Krox20. The expression of neurotrophic factors, Bdnf and Nt-3, was up-regulated in miR-124-SCs without affecting their proliferation. Further, the boundary assay showed an increased number of miR-124-SCs that had actively migrated and entered the astrocytic region to intermingle with ASs, compared with normal SCs. In addition, although Krox20 protein expression was down-regulated in miR-124-SCs, the luciferase assay showed that Krox20 is not a direct target of miR-124. RNA sequencing of miR-124-SCs revealed seven upregulated and eleven downregulated genes involved in cell migration and motility. Based on KEGG pathway and KOG functional analyses, changes in these genes corresponded to the activation of Hippo, FoxO, and TGF-beta signaling pathways, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, and the cell cycle. Finally, co-culturing of miR-124-SCs and ASs in a transwell system revealed that GFAP and p-STAT3 protein expression in ASs was significantly reduced. Collectively, these results show that overexpression of miR-124 in SCs promotes SC-AS integration in vitro and may attenuate the capacity of ASs to form glial scars. Thus, this study provides novel insights into modifying SCs by overexpressing miR-124 to improve their therapeutic potential in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yifei Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Juanjuan Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yangyang Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinying Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kun Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Hou
- Department of Regeneration Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangfan Chi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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29
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Zheng J, Guo X, Shioya A, Yoshioka T, Matsumoto K, Hiraki T, Kusano H, Oyama T, Kurose N, Yamaguchi R, Uramoto H, Ieiri S, Okajima H, Kohno M, Yamada S. Peroxiredoxin 4 promotes embryonal hepatoblastoma cell migration but induces fetal cell differentiation. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:2726-2737. [PMID: 32655804 PMCID: PMC7344098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the leading primary hepatic malignancy in children and likely emerges due to failure of hepatic progenitor cells to properly differentiate. The peroxiredoxin (PRDX) family is frequently linked to cancer. In our previous study, we demonstrated that expression of the only secreted family member, PRDX4, was correlated with hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this new study was to investigate PRDX4's role in HB. We collected 87 HB specimens and performed PRDX4 immunohistochemistry staining. Clinical analysis was conducted and the effect of PRDX4 overexpression on two HB cell lines (Huh6 and HepG2) was also examined. Clinical data revealed elevated PRDX4 expression in embryonal component was correlated with advanced stage (IV) and metastasis. In comparison, increased PRDX4 expression in fetal component was associated with well differentiation. In vitro experiments showed PRDX4 overexpression enhanced migration in embryonal-like HB cells (Huh6), which was accompanied by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). By contrast, PRDX4 overexpression inhibited proliferation, decreased stemness markers, and increased hepatic markers in fetal-like HB cells (HepG2), which indicated induction of tumor cell differentiation. In conclusion, PRDX4 promotes embryonal hepatoblastoma cell migration but induces fetal cell differentiation. It can be adopted as an important marker for HB prognosis and a potential treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical UniversityIshikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical UniversityIshikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University HospitalIshikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shioya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical UniversityIshikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University HospitalIshikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takako Yoshioka
- Department of Pathology, National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Hiraki
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesKagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hironori Kusano
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume UniversityKurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takeru Oyama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kurose
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical UniversityIshikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University HospitalIshikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Reimon Yamaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical UniversityIshikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Uramoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical UniversityIshikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ieiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima UniversityKagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hideaki Okajima
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kanazawa Medical UniversityIshikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kohno
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kanazawa Medical UniversityIshikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Sohsuke Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical UniversityIshikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University HospitalIshikawa 920-0293, Japan
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30
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Sun J, Zhang J, Wang D, Shen J. The transcription factor Spalt and human homologue SALL4 induce cell invasion via the dMyc-JNK pathway in Drosophila. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio048850. [PMID: 32098783 PMCID: PMC7104861 DOI: 10.1242/bio.048850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell metastasis is a leading cause of mortality in cancer patients. Therefore, revealing the molecular mechanism of cancer cell invasion is of great significance for the treatment of cancer. In human patients, the hyperactivity of transcription factor Spalt-like 4 (SALL4) is sufficient to induce malignant tumorigenesis and metastasis. Here, we found that when ectopically expressing the Drosophila homologue spalt (sal) or human SALL4 in Drosophila, epithelial cells delaminated basally with penetration of the basal lamina and degradation of the extracellular matrix, which are essential properties of cell invasion. Further assay found that sal/SALL4 promoted cell invasion via dMyc-JNK signaling. Inhibition of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway through suppressing matrix metalloprotease 1, or basket can achieve suppression of cell invasion. Moreover, expression of dMyc, a suppressor of JNK signaling, dramatically blocked cell invasion induced by sal/SALL4 in the wing disc. These findings reveal a conserved role of sal/SALL4 in invasive cell movement and link the crucial mediator of tumor invasion, the JNK pathway, to SALL4-mediated cancer progression.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Laboratory for Monitory and Green Control of Crop Pest, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junzheng Zhang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Laboratory for Monitory and Green Control of Crop Pest, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Laboratory for Monitory and Green Control of Crop Pest, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Laboratory for Monitory and Green Control of Crop Pest, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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31
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Gogia N, Sarkar A, Mehta AS, Ramesh N, Deshpande P, Kango-Singh M, Pandey UB, Singh A. Inactivation of Hippo and cJun-N-terminal Kinase (JNK) signaling mitigate FUS mediated neurodegeneration in vivo. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 140:104837. [PMID: 32199908 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of motor neurons in the central nervous system, has no known cure to-date. Disease causing mutations in human Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) leads to aggressive and juvenile onset of ALS. FUS is a well-conserved protein across different species, which plays a crucial role in regulating different aspects of RNA metabolism. Targeted misexpression of FUS in Drosophila model recapitulates several interesting phenotypes relevant to ALS including cytoplasmic mislocalization, defects at the neuromuscular junction and motor dysfunction. We screened for the genetic modifiers of human FUS-mediated neurodegenerative phenotype using molecularly defined deficiencies. We identified hippo (hpo), a component of the evolutionarily conserved Hippo growth regulatory pathway, as a genetic modifier of FUS mediated neurodegeneration. Gain-of-function of hpo triggers cell death whereas its loss-of-function promotes cell proliferation. Downregulation of the Hippo signaling pathway, using mutants of Hippo signaling, exhibit rescue of FUS-mediated neurodegeneration in the Drosophila eye, as evident from reduction in the number of TUNEL positive nuclei as well as rescue of axonal targeting from the retina to the brain. The Hippo pathway activates c-Jun amino-terminal (NH2) Kinase (JNK) mediated cell death. We found that downregulation of JNK signaling is sufficient to rescue FUS-mediated neurodegeneration in the Drosophila eye. Our study elucidates that Hippo signaling and JNK signaling are activated in response to FUS accumulation to induce neurodegeneration. These studies will shed light on the genetic mechanism involved in neurodegeneration observed in ALS and other associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gogia
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
| | - Ankita Sarkar
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
| | | | - Nandini Ramesh
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | | | - Madhuri Kango-Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
| | - Udai Bhan Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA.
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32
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Che Y, Fu L. Aberrant expression and regulatory network of splicing factor-SRSF3 in tumors. J Cancer 2020; 11:3502-3511. [PMID: 32284746 PMCID: PMC7150454 DOI: 10.7150/jca.42645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing facilitates the splicing of precursor RNA into different isoforms. Alternatively spliced transcripts often exhibit antagonistic functions or differential temporal or spatial expression patterns. There is increasing evidence that alternative splicing, especially by the serine-arginine rich (SR) protein family, leads to abnormal expression patterns and is closely related to the development of cancer. SRSF3, also known as SRp20, is a splicing factor. Through alternative splicing, it plays important roles in regulating various biological functions, such as cell cycle, cell proliferation, migration and invasion, under pathological and physiological conditions. Deregulation of SRSF3 is an essential feature of cancers. SRSF3 is also considered a candidate therapeutic target. Therefore, the involvement of abnormal splicing in tumorigenesis and the regulation of splicing factors deserve further analysis and discussion. Here, we summarize the function of SRSF3-regulated alternative transcripts in cancer cell biology at different stages of tumor development and the regulation of SRSF3 in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Che
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
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33
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Irwin M, Tare M, Singh A, Puli OR, Gogia N, Riccetti M, Deshpande P, Kango-Singh M, Singh A. A Positive Feedback Loop of Hippo- and c-Jun-Amino-Terminal Kinase Signaling Pathways Regulates Amyloid-Beta-Mediated Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:117. [PMID: 32232042 PMCID: PMC7082232 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD, OMIM: 104300) is an age-related disorder that affects millions of people. One of the underlying causes of AD is generation of hydrophobic amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) peptides that accumulate to form amyloid plaques. These plaques induce oxidative stress and aberrant signaling, which result in the death of neurons and other pathologies linked to neurodegeneration. We have developed a Drosophila eye model of AD by targeted misexpression of human Aβ42 in the differentiating retinal neurons, where an accumulation of Aβ42 triggers a characteristic neurodegenerative phenotype. In a forward deficiency screen to look for genetic modifiers, we identified a molecularly defined deficiency, which suppresses Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration. This deficiency uncovers hippo (hpo) gene, a member of evolutionarily conserved Hippo signaling pathway that regulates growth. Activation of Hippo signaling causes cell death, whereas downregulation of Hippo signaling triggers cell proliferation. We found that Hippo signaling is activated in Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration. Downregulation of Hippo signaling rescues the Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration, whereas upregulation of Hippo signaling enhances the Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration phenotypes. It is known that c-Jun-amino-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway is upregulated in AD. We found that activation of JNK signaling enhances the Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration, whereas downregulation of JNK signaling rescues the Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration. We tested the nature of interactions between Hippo signaling and JNK signaling in Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration using genetic epistasis approach. Our data suggest that Hippo signaling and JNK signaling, two independent signaling pathways, act synergistically upon accumulation of Aβ42 plaques to trigger cell death. Our studies demonstrate a novel role of Hippo signaling pathway in Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Irwin
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Meghana Tare
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Aditi Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Oorvashi Roy Puli
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Neha Gogia
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Matthew Riccetti
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
| | | | - Madhuri Kango-Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
- Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
- The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
- Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
- The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
- Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, United States
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34
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Zeng Y, Guo Z, Hu Z, Liu M, Chen Y, Chen S, Peng B, Zhang P, Wu Z, Luo H, Zhong F, Jiang K, Lu Y, Yuan G, He S. FGD1 exhibits oncogenic properties in hepatocellular carcinoma through regulating cell morphology, autophagy and mitochondrial function. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:110029. [PMID: 32106378 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Faciogenital Dysplasia 1 (FGD1) has been involved in a variety of biological processes, including cytoskeleton restructuring, cell morphology, cell cycle progression, and cell polarity. Abnormal expression of FGD1 was also identified in several types of cancers, indicating its critical role in the development of cancers. However, little is known about the role of FGD1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, the expression of FGD1 in HCC was mined with the RNA sequencing data from the cancer genome atlas. By over-expressing or knocking down of FGD1, the effects of FGD1 on the malignant behavior of HCC were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. We find that FGD1 is up-regulated in HCC and correlated with the development and prognosis of HCC. By over-expressing or knocking down of FGD1, the effects of FGD1 on the malignant behavior of HCC were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of FGD1 remarkably inhibits the malignant behaviors and causes morphological disorder of pseudopodia, autophagy inhibition and mitochondrial dyfunction in HCC cells. Further investigation shows that Cdc42, a Rho GTPase, plays a role in these processes. Overexpression of FGD1 significantly promotes the oncogenic properties of HCC cells. Collectively, these findings reveal that FGD1 exhibits oncogenic properties in HCC through regulating cell morphology, autophagy and mitochondrial function, suggesting that FGD1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglian Zeng
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China; Basic Medical School of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhenya Guo
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhigao Hu
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Mingjiang Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yubing Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shilian Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhan Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongliang Luo
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Fudi Zhong
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Keqing Jiang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xili Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guandou Yuan
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Songqing He
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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35
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La Marca JE, Richardson HE. Two-Faced: Roles of JNK Signalling During Tumourigenesis in the Drosophila Model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:42. [PMID: 32117973 PMCID: PMC7012784 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) signalling pathway has many functions, regulating a diversity of processes: from cell movement during embryogenesis to the stress response of cells after environmental insults. Studies modelling cancer using the vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster, have identified both pro- and anti-tumourigenic roles for JNK signalling, depending on context. As a tumour suppressor, JNK signalling commonly is activated by conserved Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) signalling, which promotes the caspase-mediated death of tumourigenic cells. JNK pathway activation can also occur via actin cytoskeleton alterations, and after cellular damage inflicted by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, JNK signalling frequently acts in concert with Salvador-Warts-Hippo (SWH) signalling – either upstream of or parallel to this potent growth-suppressing pathway. As a tumour promoter, JNK signalling is co-opted by cells expressing activated Ras-MAPK signalling (among other pathways), and used to drive cell morphological changes, induce invasive behaviours, block differentiation, and enable persistent cell proliferation. Furthermore, JNK is capable of non-autonomous influences within tumour microenvironments by effecting the transcription of various cell growth- and proliferation-promoting molecules. In this review, we discuss these aspects of JNK signalling in Drosophila tumourigenesis models, and highlight recent publications that have expanded our knowledge of this important and versatile pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E La Marca
- Richardson Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helena E Richardson
- Richardson Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Konno T, Kohno T, Kikuchi S, Shimada H, Satohisa S, Saito T, Kondoh M, Kojima T. Epithelial barrier dysfunction and cell migration induction via JNK/cofilin/actin by angubindin-1. Tissue Barriers 2019; 8:1695475. [PMID: 31782346 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2019.1695475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angulin-1/LSR is a tricellular tight junction molecule, that plays an important role in maintaining the epithelial and endothelial barriers. The actin cytoskeleton at tricellular contacts also contributes to the maintenance of the epithelial barrier. Loss of angulin-1/LSR enhances the migration of various cancer cells. Angubindin-1 is a novel binder to angulin-1/LSR and angulin-3. It is a peptide generated from the angulin-1 binding site of Clostridium perfringens iota toxin, which affects the actin cytoskeleton and decreases the epithelial and endothelial barrier functions. However, its regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of the epithelial barrier dysfunction and cell migration induction by angubindin-1, we used human endometrial cancer cell line Sawano, which has high LSR expression and the epithelial barrier function. Angubindin-1 decreased LSR expression and the epithelial barrier function and increased cell migration. It inhibited the recovery of the epithelial barrier function in a Ca-switch model. At tricellular contacts, sinking of the membrane and an increase of actin fibers near the junctions were caused by angubindin-1. It dynamically changed F-actin from lines to dot-like structures at tricellular contacts. Angubindin-1 transiently increased the phosphorylation of cofilin and JNK, which are involved in the regulation of the intracellular actin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, knockdown of JNK and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 prevented the decrease of the epithelial barrier function and the increase of cell migration induced by angubindin-1. These findings suggest that angubindin-1 might reversibly regulate the epithelial barrier and cell migration at tricellular contacts via JNK/cofilin/actin cytoskeleton dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Konno
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohno
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shin Kikuchi
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimada
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Seiro Satohisa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masuo Kondoh
- Drug discovery Center, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Wang L, Wang C, Tao Z, Zhao L, Zhu Z, Wu W, He Y, Chen H, Zheng B, Huang X, Yu Y, Yang L, Liang G, Cui R, Chen T. Curcumin derivative WZ35 inhibits tumor cell growth via ROS-YAP-JNK signaling pathway in breast cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:460. [PMID: 31703744 PMCID: PMC6842168 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. WZ35, an analog of curcumin, has been demonstrated to remarkably improve the pharmacokinetic profiles in vivo compared with curcumin. WZ35 exhibits promising antitumor activity in gastric cancer, HCC, colon cancer. However, antitumor effects of WZ35 in breast cancer and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Methods CCK8, Flow cytometry and transwell assays were used to measure cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, cell migration and invasion. We constructed xenograft mouse model and lung metastasis model to assess the antitumor activities of WZ35 in vivo. To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of WZ35, we performed a series of overexpression and knockdown experiments. The cellular oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) was measured to assess mitochondrial dysfunction. Results We found that treatment of breast cancer cells with WZ35 exerts stronger anti-tumor activities than curcumin both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, our research showed that WZ35 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and subsequent YAP mediated JNK activation in breast cancer cells. Abrogation of ROS production markedly attenuated WZ35 induced anti-tumor activities as well as YAP and JNK activation. In addition, ROS mediated YAP and JNK activation induced mitochondrial dysfunction in breast cancer cells. Conclusion Our study showed that novel anti-cancer mechanisms of WZ35 in breast cancer cells and ROS-YAP-JNK pathway might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Canwei Wang
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheying Tao
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Liqian Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wencan Wu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye He
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangjie Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linjun Yang
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ri Cui
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tongke Chen
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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38
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Ma X, Lu JY, Moraru A, Teleman AA, Fang J, Qiu Y, Liu P, Xu T. A novel regulator of ER Ca 2+ drives Hippo-mediated tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2019; 39:1378-1387. [PMID: 31649333 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1076-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ion (Ca2+) is a versatile second messenger that regulates various cellular and physiological functions. However, the in vivo molecular mechanisms by which Ca2+ alterations contribute to tumor growth remain poorly explored. Here we show that Emei is a novel ER Ca2+ regulator that synergizes with RasV12 to induce tumor growth via JNK-mediated Hippo signaling. Emei disruption reduces ER Ca2+ level and subsequently leads to JNK activation and Hippo inactivation. Importantly, genetically increasing cytosolic Ca2+ concentration cooperates with RasV12 to drive tumor growth via inactivating the Hippo pathway. Finally, we identify POSH as a crucial link that bridges cytosolic Ca2+ alteration with JNK activation and Hippo-mediated tumor growth. Together, our findings provide a novel mechanism of tumor growth that acts through intracellular Ca2+ levels to modulate JNK-mediated Hippo signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjue Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Jin-Yu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Baylor College of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Aurelio A Teleman
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,CellNetworks - Cluster of Excellence, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jinan Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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39
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Fulford AD, Holder MV, Frith D, Snijders AP, Tapon N, Ribeiro PS. Casein kinase 1 family proteins promote Slimb-dependent Expanded degradation. eLife 2019; 8:e46592. [PMID: 31567070 PMCID: PMC6768662 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippo signalling integrates diverse stimuli related to epithelial architecture to regulate tissue growth and cell fate decisions. The Hippo kinase cascade represses the growth-promoting transcription co-activator Yorkie. The FERM protein Expanded is one of the main upstream Hippo signalling regulators in Drosophila as it promotes Hippo kinase signalling and directly inhibits Yorkie. To fulfil its function, Expanded is recruited to the plasma membrane by the polarity protein Crumbs. However, Crumbs-mediated recruitment also promotes Expanded turnover via a phosphodegron-mediated interaction with a Slimb/β-TrCP SCF E3 ligase complex. Here, we show that the Casein Kinase 1 (CKI) family is required for Expanded phosphorylation. CKI expression promotes Expanded phosphorylation and interaction with Slimb/β-TrCP. Conversely, CKI depletion in S2 cells impairs Expanded degradation downstream of Crumbs. In wing imaginal discs, CKI loss leads to elevated Expanded and Crumbs levels. Thus, phospho-dependent Expanded turnover ensures a tight coupling of Hippo pathway activity to epithelial architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Fulford
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Developmental BiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Maxine V Holder
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - David Frith
- ProteomicsThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Nicolas Tapon
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Paulo S Ribeiro
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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40
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Sander M, Herranz H. MicroRNAs in Drosophila Cancer Models. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1167:157-173. [PMID: 31520354 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23629-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MiRNAs are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression which have been implicated in virtually all biological processes. MiRNAs are frequently dysregulated in human cancers. However, the functional consequences of aberrant miRNA levels are not well understood. Drosophila is emerging as an important in vivo tumor model, especially in the identification of novel cancer genes. Here, we review Drosophila studies which functionally dissect the roles of miRNAs in tumorigenesis. Ultimately, these advances help to understand the implications of miRNA dysregulation in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Sander
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Héctor Herranz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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41
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Li D, Hao S, Zhang J. Long non-coding RNA UCA1 exerts growth modulation by miR-15a in human thyroid cancer TPC-1 cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1815-1822. [PMID: 31062608 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1606007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is widely diagnosed as malignancy in endocrine system. This study attempted to validate UCA1 possessed modulatory function on cell proliferation and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human thyroid cancer cell line TPC-1. Ectopic expression of UCA1 was induced in TPC-1 cells by transfection. CCK-8 assays were employed to value cell viability. Cell apoptosis analysis was conducted through flow cytometry. We found that overexpressed UCA1 strongly promoted cell proliferation. However, the knockdown of UCA1 suppressed cell proliferation and induced obvious cell apoptosis. Besides, cell EMT was promoted by overexpressed UCA1 and was inhibited by the knockdown of UCA1. Further study revealed that miR-15a level in TPC-1 cells was suppressed by overexpressed UCA1. Simultaneous overexpression of UCA1 and miR-15a partly alleviated UCA1-induced growth, identifying that miR-15a was a possible target of UCA1. At last, the Hippo and JNK signal pathways were activated by overexpressed UCA1 but were then weakened by the adding of miR-15a. In conclusion, our study revealed UCA1/miR-15a axis implicated in thyroid cancer cells EMT, exposing a novel mechanism of thyroid cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- a Department of Endocrinology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining , China
| | - Shuai Hao
- a Department of Endocrinology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining , China
| | - Jing Zhang
- a Department of Endocrinology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining , China
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Erban T, Sopko B, Kadlikova K, Talacko P, Harant K. Varroa destructor parasitism has a greater effect on proteome changes than the deformed wing virus and activates TGF-β signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9400. [PMID: 31253851 PMCID: PMC6599063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45764-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Honeybee workers undergo metamorphosis in capped cells for approximately 13 days before adult emergence. During the same period, Varroa mites prick the defenseless host many times. We sought to identify proteome differences between emerging Varroa-parasitized and parasite-free honeybees showing the presence or absence of clinical signs of deformed wing virus (DWV) in the capped cells. A label-free proteomic analysis utilizing nanoLC coupled with an Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometer provided a quantitative comparison of 2316 protein hits. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the combination of Varroa parasitism and DWV clinical signs caused proteome changes that occurred in the same direction as those of Varroa alone and were approximately two-fold higher. Furthermore, proteome changes associated with DWV signs alone were positioned above Varroa in the RDA. Multiple markers indicate that Varroa activates TGF-β-induced pathways to suppress wound healing and the immune response and that the collective action of stressors intensifies these effects. Furthermore, we indicate JAK/STAT hyperactivation, p53-BCL-6 feedback loop disruption, Wnt pathway activation, Wnt/Hippo crosstalk disruption, and NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling conflict in the Varroa–honeybee–DWV interaction. These results illustrate the higher effect of Varroa than of DWV at the time of emergence. Markers for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Erban
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, Prague 6-Ruzyne, CZ-161 06, Czechia.
| | - Bruno Sopko
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, Prague 6-Ruzyne, CZ-161 06, Czechia
| | - Klara Kadlikova
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, Prague 6-Ruzyne, CZ-161 06, Czechia.,Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 6-Suchdol, CZ-165 00, Czechia
| | - Pavel Talacko
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, Vestec, CZ-25242, Czechia
| | - Karel Harant
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, Vestec, CZ-25242, Czechia
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Cruzeiro GAV, Lira RCP, de Almeida Magalhães T, Scrideli CA, Valera ET, Baumgartner M, Tone LG. CTGF expression is indicative of better survival rates in patients with medulloblastoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 27:378-382. [PMID: 31073205 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequent malignant brain tumor in children and it is subgrouped into 4 entities (SHH, WNT, Group 3, and Group 4). Molecular pathways involved in these different subgroups still are evolving and can be of clinical relevance to therapy. The YAP1-CTGF axis is known to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell death; however, its role in MB is poorly explored. We aimed to investigate the role of YAP1 gene in the MB SHH cell line DAOY and evaluate cell proliferation, doubling time and 3D spheroids invasion and its consequence on CTGF regulation. We assessed CTGF expression from 22 children with MB. Lastly, we validated our findings through in silico analysis in large cohorts dataset of patients. We observed an increased invasion rate of DAOY cells and CTGF downregulation under YAP1 knockdown (p < 0.0001). Additionally CTGF is overexpressed in MB with extensive nodularity subtype and an indicative of higher survival rates in pediatric MB (p < 0.05). Interestingly, no difference of CTGF expression was observed between molecular subgroups. These results provide new evidence ofCTGF as a potential prognostic marker for MB, corroborating to the role of YAP1 in restricting MB cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Alencastro Veiga Cruzeiro
- Department of Oncology, Children's Research Center, Neuro-Oncology group, University Children's Hospital Zürich, August-Forel Strasse 1, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland. .,Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, Av.Bandeirantes 3900, Hospital das Clínicas, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 100 Blossom Street, Cox 7, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Regia Caroline Peixoto Lira
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, Av.Bandeirantes 3900, Hospital das Clínicas, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taciani de Almeida Magalhães
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Scrideli
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, Av.Bandeirantes 3900, Hospital das Clínicas, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elvis Terci Valera
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, Av.Bandeirantes 3900, Hospital das Clínicas, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin Baumgartner
- Department of Oncology, Children's Research Center, Neuro-Oncology group, University Children's Hospital Zürich, August-Forel Strasse 1, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Tone
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, Av.Bandeirantes 3900, Hospital das Clínicas, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sun Y, Zhang D, Li C, Huang J, Li W, Qiu Y, Mao A, Zhou M, Xue L. Lic regulates JNK-mediated cell death in Drosophila. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12593. [PMID: 30847993 PMCID: PMC6536442 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The evolutionary conserved JNK pathway plays crucial role in cell death, yet factors that modulate this signalling have not been fully disclosed. In this study, we aim to identify additional factors that regulate JNK signalling in cell death, and characterize the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods Drosophila were raised on standard media, and cross was carried out at 25°C. The Gal4/UAS system was used to express proteins or RNAi in a specific temporal and spatial pattern. Gene expression was revealed by GFP fluorescence, X‐gal staining or immunostaining of 3rd instar larval eye and wing discs. Cell death was visualized by acridine orange (AO) staining. Images of fly eyes and wings were taken by OLYMPUS microscopes. Results We found that licorne (lic) encoding the Drosophila MKK3 is an essential regulator of JNK‐mediated cell death. Firstly, loss of lic suppressed ectopic Egr‐triggered JNK activation and cell death in eye and wing development. Secondary, lic is necessary for loss‐of‐cell polarity‐induced, physiological JNK‐dependent cell death in wing development. Thirdly, Lic overexpression is sufficient to initiate JNK‐mediated cell death in developing eyes and wings. Furthermore, ectopic Lic activates JNK signalling by promoting JNK phosphorylation. Finally, genetic epistatic analysis confirmed that Lic acts in parallel with Hep in the Egr‐JNK pathway. Conclusions This study not only identified Lic as a novel component of the JNK signalling, but also disclosed the crucial roles and mechanism of Lic in cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Sun
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhang
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglin Li
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiuhong Huang
- International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiwu Mao
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingcheng Zhou
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xue
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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45
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Mirzoyan Z, Sollazzo M, Allocca M, Valenza AM, Grifoni D, Bellosta P. Drosophila melanogaster: A Model Organism to Study Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:51. [PMID: 30881374 PMCID: PMC6405444 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multistep disease driven by the activation of specific oncogenic pathways concomitantly with the loss of function of tumor suppressor genes that act as sentinels to control physiological growth. The conservation of most of these signaling pathways in Drosophila, and the ability to easily manipulate them genetically, has made the fruit fly a useful model organism to study cancer biology. In this review we outline the basic mechanisms and signaling pathways conserved between humans and flies responsible of inducing uncontrolled growth and cancer development. Second, we describe classic and novel Drosophila models used to study different cancers, with the objective to discuss their strengths and limitations on their use to identify signals driving growth cell autonomously and within organs, drug discovery and for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhasmine Mirzoyan
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Manuela Sollazzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Allocca
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Grifoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Bellosta
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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46
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MKK3 modulates JNK-dependent cell migration and invasion. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:149. [PMID: 30770795 PMCID: PMC6377636 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway plays essential roles in regulating a variety of physiological processes including cell migration and invasion. To identify critical factors that regulate JNK-dependent cell migration, we carried out a genetic screen in Drosophila based on the loss-of-cell polarity-triggered cell migration in the wing epithelia, and identified MKK3 licorne (lic) as an essential regulator of JNK-mediated cell migration and invasion. We found that loss of lic suppressed ptc > scrib-IR or ptc > Egr triggered cell migration in the wing epithelia, and Rasv12/lgl−/− induced tumor invasion in the eye discs. In addition, ectopic expression of Lic is sufficient to induce JNK-mediated but p38-independent cell migration, and cooperate with oncogenic Ras to promote tumor invasion. Consistently, Lic is able to activate JNK signaling by phosphorylating JNK, which up-regulates the matrix metalloproteinase MMP1 and integrin, characteristics of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, lic is required for physiological JNK-mediate cell migration in thorax development. Finally, expression of human MKK3 in Drosophila is able to initiate JNK-mediated cell migration, cooperates with oncogenic Ras to trigger tumor invasion, and rescue loss-of-lic induced thorax closure defect. As previous studies suggest that MKK3 specifically phosphorylates and activates p38MAPK, our data provide the first in vivo evidence that MKK3 regulates JNK-dependent cell migration and invasion, a process evolutionarily conserved from flies to human.
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47
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Wingless modulates activator protein-1-mediated tumor invasion. Oncogene 2019; 38:3871-3885. [PMID: 30683884 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis begins with a subset of local tumor cells acquiring the potential to invade into surrounding tissues, and remains to be a major obstacle for cancer treatments. More than 90% of cancer patients died from tumor metastasis, instead of primary tumor growth. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays essential roles in promoting tumor formation, yet its function in regulating tumor metastasis and the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. Here we employed well-established Drosophila tumor models to investigate the regulating mechanism of Wingless (Wg) pathway in tumor invasion. Our results showed that Wg signaling is necessary and sufficient for cell polarity disruption-induced cell migration and molecular changes reminiscent of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, reducing Wg signaling suppressed lgl-/-/RasV12-induced tumor invasion, and cooperation between Arm and RasV12 is sufficient to induce tumor invasion. Mechanistically, we found that cell polarity disruption activates JNK signaling, which in turn upregulate wg expression through transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1). We identified a consensus AP-1 binding site located in the 2nd intron of wg, and confirmed that it is essential for AP-1 induced wg transcription both in vitro and in vivo. Lastly, we confirmed that the transcriptional activation of WNT by AP-1 is conserved in human cancer cells. These evidences reveal a positive role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in tumor invasion, and provide a conserved mechanism that connects JNK and Wnt signaling in regulating tumor progression.
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48
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Soft conductive micropillar electrode arrays for biologically relevant electrophysiological recording. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:11718-11723. [PMID: 30377271 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1810827115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Multielectrode arrays (MEAs) are essential tools in neural and cardiac research as they provide a means for noninvasive, multiplexed recording of extracellular field potentials with high temporal resolution. To date, the mechanical properties of the electrode material, e.g., its Young's modulus, have not been taken into consideration in most MEA designs leaving hard materials as the default choice due to their established fabrication processes. However, the cell-electrode interface is known to significantly affect some aspects of the cell's behavior. In this paper, we describe the fabrication of a soft 3D micropillar electrode array. Using this array, we proceed to successfully record action potentials from monolayer cell cultures. Specifically, our conductive hydrogel micropillar electrode showed improved signal amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio, compared with conventional hard iridium oxide micropillar electrodes of the same diameter. Taken together, our fabricated soft micropillar electrode array will provide a tissue-like Young's modulus and thus a relevant mechanical microenvironment to fundamental cardiac and neural studies.
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Lombard CK, Davis AL, Inukai T, Maly DJ. Allosteric Modulation of JNK Docking Site Interactions with ATP-Competitive Inhibitors. Biochemistry 2018; 57:5897-5909. [PMID: 30211540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) play a wide variety of roles in cellular signaling processes, dictating important, and even divergent, cellular fates. These essential kinases possess docking surfaces distal to their active sites that interact with diverse binding partners, including upstream activators, downstream substrates, and protein scaffolds. Prior studies have suggested that the interactions of certain protein-binding partners with one such JNK docking surface, termed the D-recruitment site (DRS), can allosterically influence the conformational state of the ATP-binding pocket of JNKs. To further explore the allosteric relationship between the ATP-binding pockets and DRSs of JNKs, we investigated how the interactions of the scaffolding protein JIP1, as well as the upstream activators MKK4 and MKK7, are allosterically influenced by the ATP-binding site occupancy of the JNKs. We show that the affinity of the JNKs for JIP1 can be divergently modulated with ATP-competitive inhibitors, with a >50-fold difference in dissociation constant observed between the lowest- and highest-affinity JNK1-inhibitor complexes. Furthermore, we found that we could promote or attenuate phosphorylation of JNK1's activation loop by MKK4 and MKK7, by varying the ATP-binding site occupancy. Given that JIP1, MKK4, and MKK7 all interact with JNK DRSs, these results demonstrate that there is functional allostery between the ATP-binding sites and DRSs of these kinases. Furthermore, our studies suggest that ATP-competitive inhibitors can allosterically influence the intracellular binding partners of the JNKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe K Lombard
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98117 , United States
| | - Audrey L Davis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98117 , United States
| | - Takayuki Inukai
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories , Ono Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd. , 3-1-1 Sakurai , Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka 618-8585 , Japan
| | - Dustin J Maly
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98117 , United States.,Department of Biochemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98117 , United States
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50
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Zhang X, Li Y, Ma Y, Yang L, Wang T, Meng X, Zong Z, Sun X, Hua X, Li H. Yes-associated protein (YAP) binds to HIF-1α and sustains HIF-1α protein stability to promote hepatocellular carcinoma cell glycolysis under hypoxic stress. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:216. [PMID: 30180863 PMCID: PMC6123950 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is essential in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) glycolysis and progression. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a powerful regulator and is overexpressed in many cancers, including HCC. The regulatory mechanism of YAP and HIF-1α in HCC glycolysis is unknown. METHODS We detected YAP expression in 54 matched HCC tissues and the adjacent noncancerous tissues. The relationship between YAP mRNA expression and that of HIF-1α was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas HCC tissue data. We cultured HepG2 and Huh7 HCC cells under normoxic (20% O2) and hypoxic (1% O2) conditions, and measured the lactate and glucose levels, migration and invasive capability, and the molecular mechanism of HCC cell glycolysis and progression. RESULTS In this study, we detected YAP expression in 54 matched HCC tissues and the adjacent noncancerous tissues. We observed that hypoxia-induced YAP activation is crucial for accelerating HCC cell glycolysis. Hypoxia inhibited the Hippo signaling pathway and promoted YAP nuclear localization, and decreased phosphorylated YAP expression in HCC cells. YAP knockdown inhibited HCC cell glycolysis under hypoxic. Mechanistically, hypoxic stress in the HCC cells promoted YAP binding to HIF-1α in the nucleus and sustained HIF-1α protein stability to bind to PKM2 gene and directly activates PKM2 transcription to accelerate glycolysis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings describe a new regulatory mechanism of hypoxia-mediated HCC metabolism, and YAP might be a promising therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 4 Chongshan East Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 4 Chongshan East Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Laboratory (TAML), The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical College, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yingbo Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 4 Chongshan East Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 4 Chongshan East Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhihong Zong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangdong Hua
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Hangyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 4 Chongshan East Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032 People’s Republic of China
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