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Deng L, Wu H, Ruan H, Xu D, Pang S, Shi M. Effects of fancy rope-skipping on motor coordination and selective attention in children aged 7-9 years: a quasi-experimental study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1383397. [PMID: 39171233 PMCID: PMC11337131 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1383397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent studies have emphasized the intricate connection between exercise and cognition, focusing on specific cognitive processes and their correlations with specific motor skills. However, research on the impact of the qualitative aspects of movement on both short- and long-term cognitive performance is limited. In this quasi-experimental study, we investigate the impact of a 10-week fancy rope-skipping intervention on motor coordination and selective attention of 7-9-year-old children. Methods A total of 60 primary school students from Changbin School in Haikou participated and completed the study from October to December 2022. The 60 participants were divided into a fancy rope-skipping group and a control group. Children's motor coordination was assessed using the Körperkoordinations Test für Kinder (KTK), while selective attention was evaluated using the d2 Test of Attention. Children were assessed at baseline and after the 10-week intervention. Results Compared with the control group, the scores for the total KTK and for the hopping for height, jumping sideways, and moving sideways sub-items were significantly higher in the rope-skipping group after the intervention, with a significant interaction effect between time and intervention. Attention concentration improved in the rope-skipping group and had a significant interaction effect between time and intervention compared with the control group; the effects of the intervention on other aspects of selective attention were unclear. Conclusions Our study suggests that a 10-week fancy rope-skipping intervention may potentially enhance motor coordination and selective attention accuracy in children aged 7-9 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Deng
- Faculty of Physical Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
- Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Faculty of Physical Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Hui Ruan
- Faculty of Physical Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Faculty of Sports Training and Education, Hainan Provincial Sports Academy, Haikou, China
| | - Shibo Pang
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Hainan College of Economics and Business, Haikou, China
| | - Min Shi
- School of Public Education, Hainan College of Software Technology, Qionghai, China
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Mucignat-Caretta C, Soravia G. Positive or negative environmental modulations on human brain development: the morpho-functional outcomes of music training or stress. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1266766. [PMID: 38027483 PMCID: PMC10657192 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1266766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last couple of decades, the study of human living brain has benefitted of neuroimaging and non-invasive electrophysiological techniques, which are particularly valuable during development. A number of studies allowed to trace the usual stages leading from pregnancy to adult age, and relate them to functional and behavioral measurements. It was also possible to explore the effects of some interventions, behavioral or not, showing that the commonly followed pathway to adulthood may be steered by external interventions. These events may result in behavioral modifications but also in structural changes, in some cases limiting plasticity or extending/modifying critical periods. In this review, we outline the healthy human brain development in the absence of major issues or diseases. Then, the effects of negative (different stressors) and positive (music training) environmental stimuli on brain and behavioral development is depicted. Hence, it may be concluded that the typical development follows a course strictly dependent from environmental inputs, and that external intervention can be designed to positively counteract negative influences, particularly at young ages. We also focus on the social aspect of development, which starts in utero and continues after birth by building social relationships. This poses a great responsibility in handling children education and healthcare politics, pointing to social accountability for the responsible development of each child.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Soravia
- Department of Mother and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Sato Y, Schmitt O, Ip Z, Rabiller G, Omodaka S, Tominaga T, Yazdan-Shahmorad A, Liu J. Pathological changes of brain oscillations following ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1753-1776. [PMID: 35754347 PMCID: PMC9536122 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221105677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain oscillations recorded in the extracellular space are among the most important aspects of neurophysiology data reflecting the activity and function of neurons in a population or a network. The signal strength and patterns of brain oscillations can be powerful biomarkers used for disease detection and prediction of the recovery of function. Electrophysiological signals can also serve as an index for many cutting-edge technologies aiming to interface between the nervous system and neuroprosthetic devices and to monitor the efficacy of boosting neural activity. In this review, we provided an overview of the basic knowledge regarding local field potential, electro- or magneto- encephalography signals, and their biological relevance, followed by a summary of the findings reported in various clinical and experimental stroke studies. We reviewed evidence of stroke-induced changes in hippocampal oscillations and disruption of communication between brain networks as potential mechanisms underlying post-stroke cognitive dysfunction. We also discussed the promise of brain stimulation in promoting post stroke functional recovery via restoring neural activity and enhancing brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimichi Sato
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Oliver Schmitt
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zachary Ip
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gratianne Rabiller
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shunsuke Omodaka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Azadeh Yazdan-Shahmorad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jialing Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
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4
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Yousefiazar A, Vafaeiardeh S, Nabavi A, Ahmadzadeh J. Influence of Perioperative Practice on Cognitive Function of Scrub Nurses: A Cross-Sequential Study. J Contin Educ Nurs 2021; 52:565-574. [PMID: 34870529 DOI: 10.3928/00220124-20211108-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The operating room is a sophisticated, dynamic environment, with advanced technology. The goal of our study is to evaluate the effect of peri-operative practice on the cognitive functions of scrub nurses. METHOD This study included a total of 75 scrub nurses. The d2 Test of Attention was used for evaluation of cognitive function. The test was conducted with participants on three different working shifts. RESULTS A significant difference was found between overall mean values for total number of items processed, number of errors, total number of items processed minus number of errors, and concentration performance scores for the posttest compared with the pretest. CONCLUSION Perioperative practice has a significantly positive effect on cognitive function of scrub nurses, although this positive effect has a downward trend with increasing age as well as increasing workload. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2021;52(12):565-574.].
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Symons AE, Dick F, Tierney AT. Dimension-selective attention and dimensional salience modulate cortical tracking of acoustic dimensions. Neuroimage 2021; 244:118544. [PMID: 34492294 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Some theories of auditory categorization suggest that auditory dimensions that are strongly diagnostic for particular categories - for instance voice onset time or fundamental frequency in the case of some spoken consonants - attract attention. However, prior cognitive neuroscience research on auditory selective attention has largely focused on attention to simple auditory objects or streams, and so little is known about the neural mechanisms that underpin dimension-selective attention, or how the relative salience of variations along these dimensions might modulate neural signatures of attention. Here we investigate whether dimensional salience and dimension-selective attention modulate the cortical tracking of acoustic dimensions. In two experiments, participants listened to tone sequences varying in pitch and spectral peak frequency; these two dimensions changed at different rates. Inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) and amplitude of the EEG signal at the frequencies tagged to pitch and spectral changes provided a measure of cortical tracking of these dimensions. In Experiment 1, tone sequences varied in the size of the pitch intervals, while the size of spectral peak intervals remained constant. Cortical tracking of pitch changes was greater for sequences with larger compared to smaller pitch intervals, with no difference in cortical tracking of spectral peak changes. In Experiment 2, participants selectively attended to either pitch or spectral peak. Cortical tracking was stronger in response to the attended compared to unattended dimension for both pitch and spectral peak. These findings suggest that attention can enhance the cortical tracking of specific acoustic dimensions rather than simply enhancing tracking of the auditory object as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Symons
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London UK.
| | - Fred Dick
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London UK; Division of Psychology & Language Sciences, University College London UK
| | - Adam T Tierney
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London UK
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6
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Society to cell: How child poverty gets “Under the Skin” to influence child development and lifelong health. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2021.100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Romeo RR, Leonard JA, Grotzinger HM, Robinson ST, Takada ME, Mackey AP, Scherer E, Rowe ML, West MR, Gabrieli JDE. Neuroplasticity associated with changes in conversational turn-taking following a family-based intervention. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 49:100967. [PMID: 34052580 PMCID: PMC8175277 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Children's early language environments are associated with linguistic, cognitive, and academic development, as well as concurrent brain structure and function. This study investigated neurodevelopmental mechanisms linking language input to development by measuring neuroplasticity associated with an intervention designed to enhance language environments of families primarily from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Families of 52 4-to-6 year-old children were randomly assigned to a 9-week, interactive, family-based intervention or no-contact control group. Children completed pre- and post-assessments of verbal and nonverbal cognition (n = 52), structural magnetic resonance imaging (n = 45), and home auditory recordings of language exposure (n = 39). Families who completed the intervention exhibited greater increases in adult-child conversational turns, and changes in turn-taking mediated intervention effects on language and executive functioning measures. Collapsing across groups, turn-taking changes were also positively correlated with cortical thickening in left inferior frontal and supramarginal gyri, the latter of which mediated relationships between changes in turn-taking and children's language development. This is the first study of longitudinal neuroplasticity in response to changes in children's language environments, and findings suggest that conversational turns support language development through cortical growth in language and social processing regions. This has implications for early interventions to enhance children's language environments to support neurocognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Romeo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States.
| | - Julia A Leonard
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
| | - Hannah M Grotzinger
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
| | - Sydney T Robinson
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
| | - Megumi E Takada
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
| | - Allyson P Mackey
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
| | - Ethan Scherer
- Center for Education Policy Research, Harvard University, United States
| | - Meredith L Rowe
- Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, United States
| | - Martin R West
- Center for Education Policy Research, Harvard University, United States; Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, United States
| | - John D E Gabrieli
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States; Center for Education Policy Research, Harvard University, United States; Integrated Learning Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
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Haas SS, Antonucci LA, Wenzel J, Ruef A, Biagianti B, Paolini M, Rauchmann BS, Weiske J, Kambeitz J, Borgwardt S, Brambilla P, Meisenzahl E, Salokangas RKR, Upthegrove R, Wood SJ, Koutsouleris N, Kambeitz-Ilankovic L. A multivariate neuromonitoring approach to neuroplasticity-based computerized cognitive training in recent onset psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:828-835. [PMID: 33027802 PMCID: PMC8027389 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two decades of studies suggest that computerized cognitive training (CCT) has an effect on cognitive improvement and the restoration of brain activity. Nevertheless, individual response to CCT remains heterogenous, and the predictive potential of neuroimaging in gauging response to CCT remains unknown. We employed multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) on whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) to (neuro)monitor clinical outcome defined as psychosis-likeness change after 10-hours of CCT in recent onset psychosis (ROP) patients. Additionally, we investigated if sensory processing (SP) change during CCT is associated with individual psychosis-likeness change and cognitive gains after CCT. 26 ROP patients were divided into maintainers and improvers based on their SP change during CCT. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier separating 56 healthy controls (HC) from 35 ROP patients using rsFC (balanced accuracy of 65.5%, P < 0.01) was built in an independent sample to create a naturalistic model representing the HC-ROP hyperplane. This model was out-of-sample cross-validated in the ROP patients from the CCT trial to assess associations between rsFC pattern change, cognitive gains and SP during CCT. Patients with intact SP threshold at baseline showed improved attention despite psychosis status on the SVM hyperplane at follow-up (p < 0.05). Contrarily, the attentional gains occurred in the ROP patients who showed impaired SP at baseline only if rsfMRI diagnosis status shifted to the healthy-like side of the SVM continuum. Our results reveal the utility of MVPA for elucidating treatment response neuromarkers based on rsFC-SP change and pave the road to more personalized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalaila S. Haas
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Linda A. Antonucci
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany ,grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Education, Psychology, Communication – University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Julian Wenzel
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Ruef
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Bruno Biagianti
- grid.438587.50000 0004 0450 1574Department of R&D, Posit Science Corporation, San Francisco, CA USA ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Paolini
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany ,Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Weiske
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Translational Psychiatry Unit (TPU), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- grid.414818.00000 0004 1757 8749Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Pathophysiology and Mental Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Meisenzahl
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Raimo K. R. Salokangas
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom ,grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486Institute of Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Wood
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom ,grid.488501.0Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Lana Kambeitz-Ilankovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany. .,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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LiKamWa A, Cardoso J, Sonke J, Fillingim RB, Booker SQ. The effect of music on pain sensitivity in healthy adults. Arts Health 2020; 14:66-84. [PMID: 32997948 DOI: 10.1080/17533015.2020.1827278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous work suggests mediating effects of music on acute pain processing. This quasi-experimental pilot study examined the effects of music on experimental pain sensitivity. METHODS Healthy adults (N = 40) completed quantitative sensory tests during three music conditions (silence, listening, and singing). Repeated Measures ANOVA , Friedman's Test, and post hoc comparisons determined differences in pain intensity and time to cold pain threshold and tolerance between conditions.. Pearson partial correlations evaluated the association of musical factorswith pain sensitivity. RESULTS Participants demonstrated longer time intervals until perceiving pain and tolerated pain for longer durations when singing compared to listening. Greater self-reported singing proficiency was associated with higher tolerance. Several musical factors were significantly correlated with time from pain threshold to reaching tolerance. CONCLUSION Singing during an acute painful stimulus may increase tolerance. Various musical characteristics impact volunteers' central pain responses and singing may be an important adjunct pain management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy LiKamWa
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Josue Cardoso
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jill Sonke
- Center for the Arts in Medicine, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Roger B Fillingim
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Staja Q Booker
- College of Nursing, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Shannon KA, Scerif G, Raver CC. Using a multidimensional model of attention to predict low-income preschoolers' early academic skills across time. Dev Sci 2020; 24:e13025. [PMID: 32749034 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The current study examines the organization of attention skills across the preschool year before kindergarten, and tests how distinct attention subcomponents predict early academic skills in a sample of low-income children (n = 99). Children completed well-validated attention tasks in fall at 4.5 years old and spring at 5 years old, capturing the abilities to selectively focus, sustain attention, and employ executive control. Exploratory factor analyses at both time points support a 2-factor model differentiating selective and sustained attention from attention processing speed and executive attention, suggesting that attention in low-income preschoolers may have a simpler organization than the 3-factor structure found in adulthood. Multiple regression models find children's ability to selectively focus and sustain attention serves as a robust concurrent and longitudinal predictor of academic skills. These results highlight the role of selective and sustained attention processes in supporting school readiness for economically vulnerable children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C Cybele Raver
- Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Laffere A, Dick F, Tierney A. Effects of auditory selective attention on neural phase: individual differences and short-term training. Neuroimage 2020; 213:116717. [PMID: 32165265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
How does the brain follow a sound that is mixed with others in a noisy environment? One possible strategy is to allocate attention to task-relevant time intervals. Prior work has linked auditory selective attention to alignment of neural modulations with stimulus temporal structure. However, since this prior research used relatively easy tasks and focused on analysis of main effects of attention across participants, relatively little is known about the neural foundations of individual differences in auditory selective attention. Here we investigated individual differences in auditory selective attention by asking participants to perform a 1-back task on a target auditory stream while ignoring a distractor auditory stream presented 180° out of phase. Neural entrainment to the attended auditory stream was strongly linked to individual differences in task performance. Some variability in performance was accounted for by degree of musical training, suggesting a link between long-term auditory experience and auditory selective attention. To investigate whether short-term improvements in auditory selective attention are possible, we gave participants 2 h of auditory selective attention training and found improvements in both task performance and enhancements of the effects of attention on neural phase angle. Our results suggest that although there exist large individual differences in auditory selective attention and attentional modulation of neural phase angle, this skill improves after a small amount of targeted training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeron Laffere
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Fred Dick
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK; Division of Psychology & Language Sciences, UCL, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Adam Tierney
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK.
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Gorantla VR, Bond V, Dorsey J, Tedesco S, Kaur T, Simpson M, Pemminati S, Millis RM. qEEG Measures of Attentional and Memory Network Functions in Medical Students: Novel Targets for Pharmacopuncture to Improve Cognition and Academic Performance. J Pharmacopuncture 2019; 22:166-170. [PMID: 31673447 PMCID: PMC6820472 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2019.22.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Attentional and memory functions are important aspects of neural plasticity that, theoretically, should be amenable to pharmacopuncture treatments. A previous study from our laboratory suggested that quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) measurements of theta/beta ratio (TBR), an index of attentional control, may be indicative of academic performance in a first-semester medical school course. The present study expands our prior report by extracting and analyzing data on frontal theta and beta asymmetries. We test the hypothesis that the amount of frontal theta and beta asymmetries (fTA, fBA), are correlated with TBR and academic performance, thereby providing novel targets for pharmacopuncture treatments to improve cognitive performance. Methods Ten healthy male volunteers were subjected to 5–10 min of qEEG measurements under eyes-closed conditions. The qEEG measurements were performed 3 days before each of first two block examinations in anatomy-physiology, separated by five weeks. Amplitudes of the theta and beta waveforms, expressed in μV, were used to compute TBR, fTA and fBA. Significance of changes in theta and beta EEG wave amplitude was assessed by ANOVA with post-hoc t-testing. Correlations between TBR, fTA, fBA and the raw examination scores were evaluated by Pearson’s product-moment coefficients and linear regression analysis. Results fTA and fBA were found to be negatively correlated with TBR (P<0.03, P<0.05, respectively) and were positively correlated with the second examination score (P<0.03, P=0.1, respectively). Conclusion Smaller fTA and fBA were associated with lower academic performance in the second of two first-semester medical school anatomy-physiology block examination. Future studies should determine whether these qEEG metrics are useful for monitoring changes associated with the brain’s cognitive adaptations to academic challenges, for predicting academic performance and for targeting phamacopuncture treatments to improve cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasavi R Gorantla
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Neuroscience, AUA College of Medicine, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Vernon Bond
- Department of Recreation, Human Performance & Leisure Studies and Exercise Science & Human Nutrition Laboratory, Howard University Cancer Centre, Washington, DC 20060, United States of America
| | - James Dorsey
- Department of Recreation, Human Performance & Leisure Studies and Exercise Science & Human Nutrition Laboratory, Howard University Cancer Centre, Washington, DC 20060, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Sudhakar Pemminati
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, AUA College of Medicine, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Richard M Millis
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Neuroscience, AUA College of Medicine, Antigua and Barbuda
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13
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Dresler M, Sandberg A, Bublitz C, Ohla K, Trenado C, Mroczko-Wąsowicz A, Kühn S, Repantis D. Hacking the Brain: Dimensions of Cognitive Enhancement. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1137-1148. [PMID: 30550256 PMCID: PMC6429408 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In an increasingly complex information society, demands for cognitive functioning are growing steadily. In recent years, numerous strategies to augment brain function have been proposed. Evidence for their efficacy (or lack thereof) and side effects has prompted discussions about ethical, societal, and medical implications. In the public debate, cognitive enhancement is often seen as a monolithic phenomenon. On a closer look, however, cognitive enhancement turns out to be a multifaceted concept: There is not one cognitive enhancer that augments brain function per se, but a great variety of interventions that can be clustered into biochemical, physical, and behavioral enhancement strategies. These cognitive enhancers differ in their mode of action, the cognitive domain they target, the time scale they work on, their availability and side effects, and how they differentially affect different groups of subjects. Here we disentangle the dimensions of cognitive enhancement, review prominent examples of cognitive enhancers that differ across these dimensions, and thereby provide a framework for both theoretical discussions and empirical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dresler
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour , Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen 6525 EN , The Netherlands
| | - Anders Sandberg
- Future of Humanity Institute , Oxford University , Oxford OX1 1PT , United Kingdom
| | | | - Kathrin Ohla
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Cognitive Neuroscience (INM3) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , Jülich 52428 , Germany
| | - Carlos Trenado
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology , Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf 40225 , Germany
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors , TU Dortmund , Dortmund 44139 , Germany
| | | | - Simone Kühn
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development , Berlin 14195 , Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Clinic Hamburg Eppendorf , Hamburg 20246 , Germany
| | - Dimitris Repantis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin 12203 , Germany
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Pietto ML, Giovannetti F, Segretin MS, Belloli LML, Lopez-Rosenfeld M, Goldin AP, Fernández-Slezak D, Kamienkowski JE, Lipina SJ. Enhancement of inhibitory control in a sample of preschoolers from poor homes after cognitive training in a kindergarten setting: Cognitive and ERP evidence. Trends Neurosci Educ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tine.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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O’Neil LV, Pakulak E, Stevens C, Bell TA, Fanning JL, Gaston M, Gomsrud M, Hampton Wray A, Holmes KB, Klein S, Longoria Z, Reynolds MM, Snell K, Soto A, Neville H. Creating Connections Between Researchers and Educators. JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15248372.2018.1515078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Pakulak
- University of Oregon
- Stockholm University, Sweden
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Renzi C, Provencal N, Bassil KC, Evers K, Kihlbom U, Radford EJ, Koupil I, Mueller-Myhsok B, Hansson MG, Rutten BP. From Epigenetic Associations to Biological and Psychosocial Explanations in Mental Health. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 158:299-323. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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