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Zheng J, Zhang S, Luo W, Yang Q, Qin R, Tang B, Zhang Y, Xia X, Luo X, Mai B, Yu Y. Tracing semi-quantitatively the absorption and removal of organic pollutants in human hair based on secondary ion mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135278. [PMID: 39047566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Human hair has become a promising non-invasive matrix in assessing exposure to environmental organic pollutants (OPs). However, exogenous contaminants, which were absorbed into the hair via sweat, sebum, and air particles/dust, could contribute to OP levels in hair and interfere with the precise exposure assessment. So far, the microscopic mechanisms underlying the absorption of exogenous OPs into hair remain inadequately understood. This study focused on the in-situ investigation of the diffusion processes of exogenous OPs into the hair structure using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and isotopic tracer techniques. Results showed that the relative signal intensities of deuterium-labeled tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-Pry), and bisphenol A (BPA) in the hair cortex were notably elevated after a 6-hour exposure. Diffusion coefficients of contaminants were related to their molecular weight, and absorption volumes to their water solubility and molecular structures. Exposure duration and solvent influenced the rate of diffusion and absorption volumes. The distribution of deuterium-labeled molecules in exposed hair samples after washing with two different solvents (acetone or water) was similar to that before washing. Our findings revealed the diffusion of OPs in hair cross-sections, indicating exogenous contributions to contaminants that are biologically incorporated into the hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China.
| | - Weikeng Luo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China.
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Ruixin Qin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Bin Tang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Yanqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
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2
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Wang S, Zhang X, Zhou Q, Liu Z, Xu Z. Magnetic hypercrosslinked polymer microspheres for the detection, spatial distribution, source identification and potential risks assessment of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in city river of plateau lake, Southwest China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135026. [PMID: 38925056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have long been globally distributed, and almost worldwide people are exposed to varying degrees of PAHs. Aqueous medium is an important transmission route of PAHs, but the detection of PAHs in aqueous environment has been a challenge. Herein, a magnetic hypercrosslinked polymer microsphere (Fe3O4@SiO2-PS@HCP) was developed for the effective detection of PAHs. Under the effect of multiple factors (hydrophilicity, intermolecular force and molecular volume), Fe3O4@SiO2-PS@HCP shows excellent performance on the enrichment of five PAHs in aqueous environment. Fe3O4@SiO2-PS@HCP was used to capture PAHs in city river of plateau lake. In-depth data analysis showed that factory activities and traffic emissions are the main pollution sources of PAHs. Ecological, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks are almost within the safe range. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of PAHs in children are higher than adults, which needs to be taken seriously. This method breaks the dilemma that it is difficult to enrich weakly hydrophilic pollutants in aqueous media, and complements important pathways for tracing sources of pollutants and assessing associated risks. It brings methodological enlightenment into the development of environmental pollution and human health risk assessment methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitao Wang
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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3
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Gu X, Li Z, Su J. Air pollution and skin diseases: A comprehensive evaluation of the associated mechanism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 278:116429. [PMID: 38718731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Air pollutants deteriorate the survival environment and endanger human health around the world. A large number of studies have confirmed that air pollution jeopardizes multiple organs, such as the cardiovascular, respiratory, and central nervous systems. Skin is the largest organ and the first barrier that protects us from the outside world. Air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) will affect the structure and function of the skin and bring about the development of inflammatory skin diseases (atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis), skin accessory diseases (acne, alopecia), auto-immune skin diseases (cutaneous lupus erythematosus(CLE) scleroderma), and even skin tumors (melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC)). Oxidative stress, skin barrier damage, microbiome dysbiosis, and skin inflammation are the pathogenesis of air pollution stimulation. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on the effects of air pollution on skin diseases and possible mechanisms to provide strategies for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Gu
- Department of Dermatology | Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease | Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha 410008, China; Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengrui Li
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology | Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease | Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha 410008, China; Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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4
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Naaz N, Pandey J. Spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and sediment in the Ganga River: source diagnostics and health risk assessment on dietary exposure through a common carp fish Labeo rohita. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:196. [PMID: 38695954 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
We evaluated spatial distribution and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and sediments at four selected sites of the Ganga River. Also, we measured PAHs in muscle tissues of Rohu (Labeo rohita), the most common edible carp fish of the Ganga River and potential human health risk was addressed. Total concentration of PAHs (∑PAHs) in water was highest at Manika Site (1470.5 ng/L) followed by Knuj (630.0 ng/L) and lowest at Adpr (219.0 ng/L). A similar trend was observed for sediments with highest concentration of ∑PAHs at Manika (461.8 ng/g) and lowest at Adpr Site (94.59 ng/g). Among PAHs, phenanthrene (Phe) showed highest concentration in both water and sediment. Of the eight major carcinogenic contributors (∑PAH8C), Indeno (1,2,3-C,D) pyrene (InP) did appear the most dominant component accounting for 42% to this group at Manika Site. Isomer ratios indicated vehicular emission and biomass combustion as major sources of PAHs. The ∑PAHs concentrations in fish tissue ranged from 117.8 to 758.0 ng/g (fresh weight basis) where low molecular weight PAHs assumed predominance (above 80%). The risk level in fish tissues appeared highest at Manika Site and site-wise differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The ILCR (> 10-4) indicated carcinogenic risk in adults and children associated with BaP and DBahA at Manika Site and with BaP at Knuj Site. Overall, the concentrations exceeding permissible limit, carcinogenic potential and BaP equivalent all indicated carcinogenic risks associated with some individual PAHs. This merits attention because the Ganga River is a reservoir of fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Naaz
- Ganga River Ecology Research Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Jitendra Pandey
- Ganga River Ecology Research Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Adav SS, Ng KW. Recent omics advances in hair aging biology and hair biomarkers analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102041. [PMID: 37634889 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex natural process that leads to a decline in physiological functions, which is visible in signs such as hair graying, thinning, and loss. Although hair graying is characterized by a loss of pigment in the hair shaft, the underlying mechanism of age-associated hair graying is not fully understood. Hair graying and loss can have a significant impact on an individual's self-esteem and self-confidence, potentially leading to mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. Omics technologies, which have applications beyond clinical medicine, have led to the discovery of candidate hair biomarkers and may provide insight into the complex biology of hair aging and identify targets for effective therapies. This review provides an up-to-date overview of recent omics discoveries, including age-associated alterations of proteins and metabolites in the hair shaft and follicle, and highlights the significance of hair aging and graying biomarker discoveries. The decline in hair follicle stem cell activity with aging decreased the regeneration capacity of hair follicles. Cellular senescence, oxidative damage and altered extracellular matrix of hair follicle constituents characterized hair follicle and hair shaft aging and graying. The review attempts to correlate the impact of endogenous and exogenous factors on hair aging. We close by discussing the main challenges and limitations of the field, defining major open questions and offering an outlook for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil S Adav
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore.
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Tian X, Huang K, Liu Y, Jiang K, Liu R, Cui J, Wang F, Yu Y, Zhang H, Lin M, Ma S. Distribution of phthalate metabolites, benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters, parabens, triclosan and triclocarban in paired human hair, nail and urine samples. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122083. [PMID: 37343917 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the distribution of nineteen ingredients of personal care product (PCPs), including seven metabolites of phthalates (mPAEs), five benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters (BPs), and seven antimicrobial agents (AAs), were investigated in paired human hair, nail and urine samples. The median concentrations of ΣmPAEs, ΣBPs and ΣAAs were 135, 2.76 and 179 ng/g in hair, 37.3, 2.95 and 297 ng/g in nails, and 345, 4.03 and 50.1 ng/mL in urine, respectively. Mono-methyl phthalate (49%), 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (45%) and triclosan (71%) were the most abundant mPAE, BP and AA in hair samples, respectively, and had similar abundance in nail samples. In contrast, mono-n-butyl phthalate (45%), 4-hydroxy benzophenone (29%) and methyl paraben (54%) were the predominant mPAE, BP and AA in urine samples, respectively. Significant differences in the concentrations of some target compounds were observed between male and female but inconsistent across different matrices. Moreover, most compounds with significant correlations had quite different correlation coefficients in each matrix. No significant correlations were found between hair, nail and urine samples for most of the target analytes. These results suggest these analytes have matrix-specific distribution, and it is necessary to use multiple matrices to comprehensively assess the risk of ingredients of PCPs to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Tian
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Kaiqin Huang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Kaixin Jiang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ranran Liu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Juntao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment Protection and Resource Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Analysis and Test Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, PR China
| | - Meiqing Lin
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Shengtao Ma
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Shahsavaripour M, Abbasi S, Mirzaee M, Amiri H. Human occupational exposure to microplastics: A cross-sectional study in a plastic products manufacturing plant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163576. [PMID: 37086995 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitous in the natural environment, and their potential impact on health is a key issue of concern. Investigating exposure routes in humans and other living organisms is among the major challenges of microplastics. This study aims to examine the exposure level of plastic factory staff to microplastic particles before and after work shifts through body receptors (hand and facial skin, saliva and hair) in Sirjan, southeast of Iran. Moreover, the effect of face masks, gloves, cosmetics (e.g: face powder cream, lipstick and eye makeup products) and appearance on the exposure level is investigated. In total, 19 individuals are selected during six working days. Then, the collected samples are transferred to the laboratory for filtration, extraction, identification and counting of microplastic particles. Moreover, 4802 microplastic particles (100-5000 μm in size) in strand, polyhedral and spherical shapes and color spectra of white/transparent, black, blue/green, red and purple are observed. The nature of most of the observed samples is fiber with a size ≥1000 μm. Analyzing the selected samples using micro-Raman spectroscopy indicate polyester and nylon are the main identified fibers. Hair and saliva samples have the highest and lowest number of microplastics, respectively. Using gloves and sunscreen among all the participants, wearing a scarf and hair size among women and having a beard and mustache among men could have an effective role in the exposure level to microplastics. Results of this study could reveal the exposure route to microplastic particles in the human body and highlight the importance of providing higher protection to reduce exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shahsavaripour
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sajjad Abbasi
- Department of Earth Sciences, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran; Centre for Environmental Studies and Emerging Pollutants (ZISTANO), Shiraz University, Shiraz 714545, Iran
| | - Moghaddameh Mirzaee
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hoda Amiri
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Galliano A, Ye C, Su F, Wang C, Rakshit R, Guerin M, Flament F, Steel A. Assessing the effect of cleansing products on artificially polluted human hairs and skin through in vivo and in vitro models. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13220. [PMID: 36609868 PMCID: PMC10155848 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Based on in vivo data, in vitro models and new methods are created to mimic the impact of aerial pollution onto the hair surface and assess the efficacy of different formulae prototypes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two protocols are developed to mimic the pollution effect, in vitro, on purchased swatches, and in vivo, on scalps and forearms. First, with an artificial sebum mixed with Carbon Black particles, named "sebollution," we evaluated, through an instrumental color measurement, the cleansing efficacy of some shampoo on scalp and hair. The second protocol allowed to assess the interaction between hair care product deposit (shampoo, conditioner, mask, and leave-on) on hair and carbon black particles spread on fiber. The quantification of particle coverage allowed to evaluate the efficiency of a formula to limit the aerial pollution deposit on hair fiber. RESULTS To simplify and accelerate the evaluation of 42 shampoo formulae, an extrapolation of the scalp cleaning process was validated on forearm. The respective cleanabilities were calculated and covered a large range of efficacy, from 5%, for a basic bland shampoo generally used to reset swatches, to a strong deep cleansing efficacy of 100%. On hair swatches, cleanability efficiencies of five shampoo were also evaluated to eliminate the deposited of sebollution, in a range of 40%-80%. To quantify the efficacy of preventing the deposition of carbon particle on hair surface, the percentage of coverage of 45 different products was measured, from 2% to 16%. The performance depended of the product category (shampoo, conditioner, mask, and leave-on), driven by the performance of the product deposit, and the capacity of this deposit to interact with aerial pollution. CONCLUSION Three new protocols and evaluation methods are proposed to evaluate and quantify the performance of hair care product, to remove/clean, limit, and protect the hair fibers against the aerial pollution that could interact with hair, scalp and sebum. The validation of these approaches was done through the testing of a large panel of hair care product leading to a complete and sincere evaluation of cleansing and anti-deposit efficacy. Combining the knowledge acquired on pollution impact on hair and the development of specific way of evaluation, this work reinforced the rationale of using and developing new cosmetic products that reduced the impact of pollution upon some hair properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Galliano
- L'Oréal Research and InnovationCentre Charles ZviakSaint‐OuenFrance
| | - Chengda Ye
- L'Oréal Research and InnovationShanghaiChina
| | - Fengjie Su
- L'Oréal Research and InnovationShanghaiChina
| | - Chad Wang
- L'Oréal Research and InnovationShanghaiChina
| | | | - Myriam Guerin
- L'Oréal Research and InnovationCentre Charles ZviakSaint‐OuenFrance
| | - Frédéric Flament
- L'Oréal Research and InnovationCentre Charles ZviakSaint‐OuenFrance
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Li R, Zhang J, Krebs P. Global trade drives transboundary transfer of the health impacts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions. COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 3:170. [PMID: 35935537 PMCID: PMC9340739 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-022-00500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
International trade leads to a redistribution of pollutant emissions related to the production of goods and services and subsequently affects their severe health impacts. Here, we present a framework of emissions inventories, input-output model, numerical atmospheric chemistry model, and estimates of the global burden of disease. Specifically, we assess emissions and health impacts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), a carcinogenic byproduct of production activities, and consider income, production, final sale, and consumption stages of the global supply chain between 2012 and 2015. We find that in 2015, global anthropogenic PAH emissions were 304 Gg (95% CI: 213~421 Gg) and estimated related lifetime lung cancer deaths were 6.9 × 104 (95% CI: 1.8 × 104~1.5 × 105 deaths). The role of trade in driving the PAH-related health risks was greater than that in driving the emissions. Our findings indicate that international cooperation is needed to optimise the global supply chains and mitigate PAH emissions and health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifei Li
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, 210098 Nanjing, China
- Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, 210098 Nanjing, China
| | - Peter Krebs
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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10
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Du S, He T, Nie H, Yang G. High-Performance Wigs via the Langmuir-Blodgett Deposition of Keratin/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:27233-27241. [PMID: 35656923 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wigs provide a common service as hair accessories in people's daily life. However, the traditional wigs, regardless of the matrices derived from human hair or synthetic fibers, are faced with limitations such as short service life, dry and brittle texture, and static electricity. In this work, we described a new strategy for surface coating of wigs via the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique using a nanocomposite composed of hair-derived keratin and graphene oxide (Ker/GO). In contrast to the conventionally used immersion method, this strategy achieved a significantly higher surface coverage with a close-packed structure and controlled deposition layers of the coating, thus delivering high performances, including greatly enhanced ultraviolet (UV) resistance, antistatic electricity, heat dissipation, hydroscopicity, and moisturizing ability, and durability against washing, for both the human hair and synthetic-fiber-based wigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Du
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, North Ren Min Road No. 2999, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Tiantian He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, North Ren Min Road No. 2999, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Huali Nie
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, North Ren Min Road No. 2999, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, North Ren Min Road No. 2999, Shanghai 201620, China
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11
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Abril GA, Amarillo AC, Mateos AC, Diez SC, Wannaz ED, Pignata ML, Carreras HA. Exposure to atmospheric particle-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the vicinity of two cement plants in Córdoba, Argentina. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Li R, Cai J, Li J, Wang Z, Pei P, Zhang J, Krebs P. Characterizing the long-term occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their driving forces in surface waters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127065. [PMID: 34523466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As carcinogenic and ubiquitous pollutants, an in-depth understanding of the long-term environmental behaviors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their driving forces is crucial for reducing human health risks. Based on long-term monitoring data from 2001 to 2016, this study systematically investigated the temporal and seasonal trends, periodic oscillation, source apportionment, and human health risks of PAHs in eight rivers in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. The results showed that the annual average ∑16PAHs (sum of 16 PAH concentrations) ranged from 28.2 ng L-1 to 202 ng L-1. Using the Mann-Kendall test, a trend of decreasing PAH concentrations was determined (slope range: -0.103 to -0.0159). Wavelet analysis indicated that the most significant periodic oscillation of PAHs was 10-30 months, with more pollution in winter. Source apportionment analysis suggested that vehicular emissions and coal combustion contributed the most to PAH concentrations (20.6-40.3% and 21.7-41.4%, respectively) and related health risks (54.1-80.1% and 5.61-37.9%, respectively). Furthermore, the risks (oral lifetime: 4.24×10-7-1.34×10-6; dermal lifetime: 2.86×10-5-9.05×10-5) were determined to be low. The data revealed that the substitution of petroleum and coal with cleaner energy would facilitate the mitigation of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifei Li
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Junlin Cai
- Consulting R&D Department, Shanghai Environmental Protection Co., Ltd, 200233 Shanghai, China
| | - Jiafeng Li
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peng Pei
- College of Mines, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Peter Krebs
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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The Role of the Ecotoxicology Applied to Seafood as a Tool for Human Health Risk Assessments Concerning Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031211. [PMID: 35162233 PMCID: PMC8834783 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent pollutants routinely detected in aquatic ecosystems. It is, therefore, necessary to assess the link between deleterious marine biota PAH effects, especially in commercialized and consumed animals, environmental health status, and potential human health risks originating from the consumption of contaminated seafood products. Thus, this review seeks to verify the relationships of ecotoxicological studies in determining effect and safety concentrations on animals routinely consumed by humans. Methods: A total of 52 published studies between 2011 and 2021, indexed in three databases, were selected following the PICO methodology, and information on test animals, evaluated PAH, and endpoints were extracted. Results: Benzo(a)pyrene and phenanthrene were the most investigated PAHs in terms of biomarkers and test organisms, and mussels were the most evaluated bioindicator species, with an emphasis on reproductive responses. Furthermore, despite the apparent correlation between environmental PAH dynamics and effects on aquatic biota and human health, few assessments have been performed in a multidisciplinary manner to evaluate these three variables together. Conclusions: The links between human and environmental sciences must be strengthened to enable complete and realistic toxicity assessments as despite the application of seafood assessments, especially to mussels, in bioassays, the connection between toxicological animal responses and risks associated with their consumption is still understudied.
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Li R, Hua P, Krebs P. Global Trends and Drivers in Consumption- and Income-Based Emissions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:131-144. [PMID: 34935358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of the most hazardous substances. As unavoidable byproducts of petrogenic and pyrogenic processes, their emissions are dominantly linked to various economic sectors. In international trade, not only final consumption but also primary input can transfer the emissions among regions. Therefore, a long-term impact assessment of the international trade on PAH global emissions based on the final consumption and primary input could significantly benefit worldwide PAH mitigation strategies. This study investigated the changes in consumption- and income-based PAH emissions and interregional flows of worldwide regions, using the latest available data from 1999 to 2014. Results show that in 2014, 16.8 and 10.1% of global PAH emissions were transferred by consumption and primary input through international trade. Meanwhile, the production-, consumption-, and income-based emissions in most regions were decreasing. Furthermore, from the consumption-based perspective, sub-Saharan Africa surpassed China and became the largest net exporter of consumption-based emissions. From the income-based perspective, the net income-based outflows of India and the rest of Asia increased significantly, indicating the income-based emission leakage in emerging markets. From the socioeconomic perspective, emission intensity dominated the global decline in PAH emissions. As the two main factors driving the increase in emissions, the primary input structure (41%) had a larger effect than the final demand level (28%) from 1999 to 2014. Therefore, global cooperation, through the mitigation strategies of reducing emission factors and improving international trade patterns, is posited as an efficient strategy to reduce PAH pollution and related health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifei Li
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Pei Hua
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peter Krebs
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
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15
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Chan TK, Bramono D, Bourokba N, Krishna V, Wang ST, Neo BH, Lim RYX, Kim H, Misra N, Lim S, Betts RJ. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons regulate the pigmentation pathway and induce DNA damage responses in keratinocytes, a process driven by systemic immunity. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 104:83-94. [PMID: 34690024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban pollution is correlated with an increased prevalence of skin pigmentation disorders, however the physiological processes underlying this association are unclear. OBJECTIVES To delineate the relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a key constituent of atmospheric pollution, and immunity/skin pigmentation pathways. METHODS We exposed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to PAHs and performed cytokines/chemokine profiling. We then examined the effect of immune activation on pigmentation by co-culturing PBMC and Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) with reconstructed human pigmented epidermis (RHPE). To study the mechanism, we treated keratinocytes with conditioned medium from BaP-exposed PBMC and studied DNA damage responses, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation and pro-pigmentation factor, proopiomelanocortin (POMC) secretion. RESULTS PAHs induced up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines/chemokine in PBMC. Co-culturing of RHPE with PBMC+BaP resulted in increased melanin content and localization. BaP-conditioned medium significantly increased DNA damage, p53 stabilization, AhR activation and POMC secretion in keratinocytes. We found that IFNγ induced DNA damage, while TNFα and IL-8 potentiated POMC secretion in keratinocytes. Importantly, BaP-conditioned medium-induced DNA damage and POMC secretion is prevented by antioxidants vitamin E, vitamin C and sulforaphane, as well as the prototypical corticosteroid dexamethasone. Finally, vitamin C and sulforaphane enhanced the genome protective and depigmentation effects of dexamethasone, providing proof-of-concept for a combinatorial approach for the prevention and/or correction of PAH-induced pigment spots formation. CONCLUSION Our study reveals the importance of systemic immunity in regulating PAH-induced skin pigmentation, and provide a new keratinocyte DNA damage response mechanistic target for the prevention or reversal of pollution-associated skin pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hyoju Kim
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, Singapore
| | - Namita Misra
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - Shawn Lim
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, Singapore
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16
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Misra N, Clavaud C, Guinot F, Bourokba N, Nouveau S, Mezzache S, Palazzi P, Appenzeller BMR, Tenenhaus A, Leung MHY, Lee PKH, Bastien P, Aguilar L, Cavusoglu N. Multi-omics analysis to decipher the molecular link between chronic exposure to pollution and human skin dysfunction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18302. [PMID: 34526566 PMCID: PMC8443591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution is composed of several factors, namely particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), ozone and Ultra Violet (UV) rays among others and first and the most exposed tissue to these substances is the skin epidermis. It has been established that several skin disorders such as eczema, acne, lentigines and wrinkles are aggravated by exposure to atmospheric pollution. While pollutants can interact with skin surface, contamination of deep skin by ultrafine particles or Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) might be explained by their presence in blood and hair cortex. Molecular mechanisms leading to skin dysfunction due to pollution exposure have been poorly explored in humans. In addition to various host skin components, cutaneous microbiome is another target of these environment aggressors and can actively contribute to visible clinical manifestation such as wrinkles and aging. The present study aimed to investigate the association between pollution exposure, skin microbiota, metabolites and skin clinical signs in women from two cities with different pollution levels. Untargeted metabolomics and targeted proteins were analyzed from D-Squame samples from healthy women (n = 67 per city), aged 25-45 years and living for at least 15 years in the Chinese cities of Baoding (used as a model of polluted area) and Dalian (control area with lower level of pollution). Additional samples by swabs were collected from the cheeks from the same population and microbiome was analysed using bacterial 16S rRNA as well as fungal ITS1 amplicon sequencing and metagenomics analysis. The level of exposure to pollution was assessed individually by the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and their metabolites in hair samples collected from each participant. All the participants of the study were assessed for the skin clinical parameters (acne, wrinkles, pigmented spots etc.). Women from the two cities (polluted and less polluted) showed distinct metabolic profiles and alterations in skin microbiome. Profiling data from 350 identified metabolites, 143 microbes and 39 PAH served to characterize biochemical events that correlate with pollution exposure. Finally, using multiblock data analysis methods, we obtained a potential molecular map consisting of multi-omics signatures that correlated with the presence of skin pigmentation dysfunction in individuals living in a polluted environment. Overall, these signatures point towards macromolecular alterations by pollution that could manifest as clinical sign of early skin pigmentation and/or other imperfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Misra
- Research and Innovation, L'Oréal SA, Aulnay Sous Bois, France.
| | - Cécile Clavaud
- Research and Innovation, L'Oréal SA, Aulnay Sous Bois, France
| | - Florent Guinot
- Research and Innovation, L'Oréal SA, Aulnay Sous Bois, France
| | | | | | - Sakina Mezzache
- Research and Innovation, L'Oréal SA, Aulnay Sous Bois, France
| | - Paul Palazzi
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxemburg
| | - Brice M R Appenzeller
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxemburg
| | - Arthur Tenenhaus
- CentraleSupelec Laboratoire des Signaux et Systemes, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Brain and Spine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Marcus H Y Leung
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick K H Lee
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Luc Aguilar
- Research and Innovation, L'Oréal SA, Aulnay Sous Bois, France
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17
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Appenzeller BMR, Chadeau-Hyam M, Aguilar L. Skin exposome science in practice : current evidence on hair biomonitoring and future perspectives. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 34 Suppl 4:26-30. [PMID: 32677066 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The skin exposome, defined as the totality of environmental exposures from conception to death that can induce or modify various skin conditions, compiles environmental, lifestyle and psychosocial exposures, as well as the resulting internal biological and physiological responses to these exposures. Biomonitoring can be used to obtain information on the internal dose of pollutants. The concentration of biomarkers in body fluids is highly variable over time due to differential elimination kinetics of chemicals, whereas they accumulate in hair. Hair analysis thus provides information on cumulative exposure over a longer period of time, and so can be used for assessing chronic exposure to pollutants. Studies on hair samples collected from 204 women living in two cities in China with different levels of pollution demonstrated that hair damage and the skin microbiome are biomarkers of a polluted city and long-term exposure to pollution and UV can increase signs of facial ageing. Adopting an exposome approach to skin health requires assessing multiple exposures and biological consequences, possibly in relation to longitudinally followed-up health outcomes. Leveraging "omics" data (e.g. metabolomics, proteomics, genomics and microbiome) and big data analytics, in particular multivariate analysis, will help to further understand the impact of pollution on skin and the combined effects with other exposome factors, including solar radiation and other environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M R Appenzeller
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | | | - L Aguilar
- L'Oréal, Advanced Research, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
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18
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Sun Y, Zhang R, Ma R, Zhou H, Zhang F, Guo G, Li H, Lü C. Distribution, sources, and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of Daihai Lake in Inner Mongolia, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:23123-23132. [PMID: 33439447 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are typical toxic organic pollutants that can accumulate in sediments and may be toxic to aquatic organisms. In the present study, the contamination level, composition pattern, and sources of sixteen PAHs listed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency were investigated in surface sediments and a sediment core from Daihai Lake, which is located in a typical semiarid area of Inner Mongolia, China, and the ecological risk of these PAHs was assessed. The results show that the total concentration of PAHs in the surface sediments ranged from 204.6 to 344.5 ng/g with an average value of 287.2 ng/g and that compared with other aquatic systems, the level of PAHs in the sediments from Daihai Lake was low. However, a general upward trend was observed for the concentrations of PAHs in the sediment core, which might be related to the increase in human activities in the area. Moreover, the PAH concentrations were significantly positively correlated with the total organic carbon (TOC) content in the sediments, and it is thus inferred that TOC regulates the distribution of PAHs in Daihai Lake. Three-ring and four-ring PAHs were found to be predominant in all the sediment samples, and phenanthrene (Phe) was the most abundant compound. According to the composition of PAHs and the anthracene (Ant)/(Ant+Phe) or fluoranthene (Flt)/(Flt+pyrene (Pyr)) ratios, the PAHs in Daihai Lake mainly originated from the combustion of domestic coal, grass, and wood, and petroleum cannot be ignored as a source considering the growth of industry. Risk assessment based on a comparison of PAH concentrations and the effect range low (ERL) and effect range median (ERM) values demonstrated that acenaphthene (Ace) at 11 sites and fluorene (Flu) at 7 sites had occasional adverse biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Sun
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ruiqing Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Ruipeng Ma
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Haijun Zhou
- College of Geographical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Fujin Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Resources and Analytical Technique, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010031, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Guanghui Guo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huixian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Changwei Lü
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
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Molamodi K, Fajuyigbe D, Sewraj P, Gichuri J, Sijako B, Galliano A, Laurent A. Quantifying the impact of braiding and combing on the integrity of natural African hair. Int J Cosmet Sci 2021; 43:321-331. [PMID: 33605448 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Afro hair breakage is most commonly attributed to grooming practices such as braiding, hair extensions and weaves, both for chemically treated hair and natural Afro hair. These grooming practices are also frequently associated with traction alopecia in clinical studies. However, there is little to no quantitative scientific data on the surface and internal hair fibre damage caused by grooming, including combing, on Afro hair. METHODS Qualitative and quantitative techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, cuticle cohesion and tensile testing were used to determine the effects of frequent braiding on the integrity of female Afro hair in 15 frequent braiders and 15 occasional braiders (control group) in Johannesburg, South Africa. Frequent braiders were women who braided more than 8 times per year, while occasional braiders typically limit braiding to only twice 2 per year. The severity of traction alopecia was quantified in both groups using the standard Marginal Traction Alopecia Scoring system. Surface damage on naturally curly Afro hair, that was combed but not braided, was assessed as another hairstyle option. RESULTS All measurements showed a relationship between surface and internal hair fibre damage and braiding frequency. Frequent braiders had thinner hair, with more cuticle damage as shown by SEM and cuticle cohesion assessments. Their hair fibres were also significantly weaker (p < 0.05), as shown by the tensile testing. In addition, they also had higher traction alopecia severity scores. In the combing impact assessment, a linear trend was observed between surface hair fibre damage and the number of combing strokes. Cuticle damage from 480 combing strokes was more severe than that from frequent braiding. CONCLUSION Frequent braiding and combing damage natural Afro hair. Quantification of damage caused by different grooming practices identifies a need to develop products that could help mitigate specific hair damage associated with grooming practices. The degree of damage and subsequent hair loss could also be minimized by education on best braiding practices to protect the hair fibre and avoid hair follicle miniaturization caused by high traction hairstyles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Poonam Sewraj
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Julia Gichuri
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Babalwa Sijako
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Alice Laurent
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Johannesburg, South Africa
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20
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Li R, Zhang J, Krebs P. Consumption- and Income-Based Sectoral Emissions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in China from 2002 to 2017. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:3582-3592. [PMID: 33646755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
China is the largest emitter of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the world. Because of their negative influences on human health, the characteristics and potential driving forces of PAH emissions should be evaluated to establish effective mitigation strategies for different economic sectors. This study is the first to quantify the embodied and enabled PAH emissions of 108 sectors in China in 2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017. The results show that the total sectoral emissions increased by 92% (from 28.0 to 53.7 kt) from 2002 to 2012 and decreased to 53.0 kt in 2017. The eight aggregated sectors had different characteristics according to their production-, consumption-, and income-based emissions. Both the embodied and enabled emission flows increased (from 13.8 to 29.2 kt and from 11.3 to 20.5 kt, respectively) with time. The influences of the major final demands and primary inputs reversed from increasing to decreasing emissions over time. In particular, the primary input structure had a stronger impact on decreasing emissions than the final demand structure. The results revealed that different mitigation policies should be applied to different sectors and that adjusting primary input behaviors might be a relatively efficient method to reduce PAH emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifei Li
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jin Zhang
- Institute of Groundwater and Earth Sciences, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China
| | - Peter Krebs
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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21
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Dimitrov A, Zanini M, Zucchi H, Boudah S, Lima J, Soeur J, Marrot L. Vitamin C prevents epidermal damage induced by PM-associated pollutants and UVA1 combined exposure. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1693-1698. [PMID: 33704829 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter is suspected to be substantially involved in pollution-induced health concerns. In fact, ultrafine particles (UFPs) contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) known as mutagenic, cytotoxic and sometimes phototoxic. Since UFPs reach blood circulation from lung alveoli, deep skin is very likely contaminated by PAHs coming from either skin surface or blood. As photoreactive, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) or indenopyrene (IcdP) is involved in the interplay between pollution and sunlight. In order to better characterize this process, experiments were carried out on reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) in a protocol mimicking realistic exposure. Concentrations of PAHs comparable to those generally reported in blood were used together with chronic irradiation to low dose UVA1. On a histological level, damaged cells mainly accumulated in a suprabasal situation, thus reducing living epidermis thickness. Stress markers such as IL1-α or MMP3 secretion increased, and surprisingly, the histological position of Transglutaminase-1 within epidermis was disturbed, whereas position of other differentiation markers (keratin-10, filaggrin, loricrin) remained unchanged. When vitamin C was added in culture medium, a very significant protection involving all markers was noticed. In conclusion, we provide here a model of interest to understand the epidermal deleterious consequences of pollution and to select efficient protective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hélène Zucchi
- L'OREAL R&I Advanced Research, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - Samia Boudah
- L'OREAL R&I Advanced Research, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - Joaquim Lima
- L'OREAL R&I Advanced Research, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - Jérémie Soeur
- L'OREAL R&I Advanced Research, Aulnay sous Bois, France
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22
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Peng FJ, Hardy EM, Béranger R, Mezzache S, Bourokba N, Bastien P, Li J, Zaros C, Chevrier C, Palazzi P, Soeur J, Appenzeller BMR. Human exposure to PCBs, PBDEs and bisphenols revealed by hair analysis: A comparison between two adult female populations in China and France. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115425. [PMID: 32882460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to various anthropogenic chemicals in daily life, including endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). However, there are limited data on chronic, low-level exposure to such contaminants among the general population. Here hair analysis was used to investigate the occurrence of four polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), seven polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and two bisphenols (BPs) in 204 Chinese women living in the urban areas of Baoding and Dalian and 311 pregnant French women. All the PCBs and PBDEs tested here were more frequently detected in the hair samples of the French women than in those of the Chinese women. In both cohorts, PCB 180 and BDE 47 were the dominant PCB and PBDE congener, respectively. PCB 180 was found in 82% of the French women and 44% of the Chinese women, while the corresponding values of BDE 47 were 54% and 11%, respectively. A discriminant analysis further demonstrated the difference in PCBs and PBDEs exposure profile between the two cohorts. These results demonstrate that hair analysis is sufficiently sensitive to detect exposure to these pollutants and highlight differences in exposure between populations even at environmental levels. Although BPA and BPS were found in 100% of the hair samples in both cohorts, the French women had significantly higher levels of BPA and BPS than the Chinese women. The median concentrations of BPA were one order of magnitude higher than BPS in both the Chinese (34.9 versus 2.84 pg/mg) and the French women (118 versus 8.01 pg/mg) respectively. Our results suggest that both French and Chinese populations were extensively exposed to BPA and BPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jiao Peng
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg.
| | - Emilie M Hardy
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Rémi Béranger
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Sakina Mezzache
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93601, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Nasrine Bourokba
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Biopolis Drive, Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Philippe Bastien
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93601, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Jing Li
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, No. 550 JinYu Rd., Pudong New Area, China
| | - Cécile Zaros
- INSERM, Joint Unit INED-INSERM-EFS, Aubervilliers, France
| | - Cécile Chevrier
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Paul Palazzi
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Jeremie Soeur
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93601, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Brice M R Appenzeller
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
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23
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Jun MS, Kwack MH, Kim MK, Kim JC, Sung YK. Particulate Matters Induce Apoptosis in Human Hair Follicular Keratinocytes. Ann Dermatol 2020; 32:388-394. [PMID: 33911773 PMCID: PMC7992589 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2020.32.5.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Particulate matters (PM) comprise a heterogeneous mixture of particles suspended in air. A recent study found that urban PMs may penetrate into hair follicles via transfollicular and transdermal routes in dorsal skin. Objective To investigate the effects of PM on ex vivo cultured human scalp hair follicles and hair follicular keratinocytes in vitro. Methods TUNEL staining was employed to check cells undergoing apoptosis in cultured hair follicles after PM treatment. MTT assay was employed to check cell viability after PM treatment. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was employed to quantitate the expression of inflammatory genes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and Duox1. Inflammatory cytokine levels were measured by ELISA after PM treatment. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using a chemical fluorescent probe by a fluorescence plate reader. Results Abundant TUNEL-positive cells were observed in the keratinocyte region of hair including the epidermis, sebaceous gland, outer root sheath (ORS), inner root sheath (IRS), and bulb region. The viability of follicular cells, including the ORS, was found to be decreased upon PM exposure. mRNA expression and protein levels of inflammatory response genes and MMPs were upregulated in a dose-dependent manner by PM treatment. ROS levels were also increased by PM. Conclusion These data strongly suggest that penetrated PMs from air pollution may cause apoptotic cell death to follicular keratinocytes by increased production of ROS and inflammatory cytokines, which could impair hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Sook Jun
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi Hee Kwack
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Moon Kyu Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Hair Transplantation Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Chul Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Hair Transplantation Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Kwan Sung
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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24
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Li R, Hua P, Zhang J, Krebs P. Effect of anthropogenic activities on the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic suspended particulate matter: Evidence from Rhine and Elbe Rivers. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 179:115901. [PMID: 32417562 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As carcinogenic and pervasive pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface water are crucial to environmental policies, and the understanding of their trends and influencing factors is critical for achieving a good chemical and ecological status of water bodies. Based on long-term monitoring data from 1998 to 2017, this study systematically evaluated the spatiotemporal distribution, multimedia transport, fate, and source apportionment of PAHs adsorbed on suspended particulate matter (SPM) in Rhine and Elbe Rivers. The results of the Mann-Kendall test indicated that pollution levels of PAHs decreased from 2.81×105μg⋅s-1 to 9.80×104μg⋅s-1 on average in the Rhine and from 1.60×105 μg⋅s-1 to 5.21×104 μg⋅s-1 in the Elbe in the last 20 years. Spatially, SPM near urban areas had higher PAH mass fluxes (Rhine:3.07×105μg⋅s-1, Elbe: 1.73×105μg⋅s-1) and greater rates of decrease (slopes for Rhine and Elbe: -409, -323) than those near rural areas (Rhine:1.41×105 μg⋅s-1, Elbe: 9.35×104μg⋅s-1; slopes for Rhine and Elbe: -128, -89), indicating the significant influence of anthropogenic activities. Wavelet analysis showed that the pollution level of PAH had significant periodic oscillations for the Rhine and Elbe, and revealed several abrupt change points for the two rivers. A multimedia fugacity model demonstrated that impervious surfaces had the highest concentration (Rhine: 1.84g⋅m-3, Elbe: 0.15g⋅m-3), while soil (Rhine: 8.33×107g, Elbe: 2.53×106g) and sediments (Rhine: 4.85×106g, Elbe: 1.31×106g) had higher masses of PAHs. Furthermore, source apportionment computed using a self-organizing map and positive matrix factorization model suggested that the major sources of PAHs were vehicular emissions and coal combustion, which accounted for 51.86% of the total mass in the Rhine and 62.92% in the Elbe. The data revealed that the long-term trends of PAH variation were associated with changes in energy consumption and the implementation of vehicular emission standards. Therefore, the substitution of coal and petroleum with renewable energies could assist strategies of PAH mitigation in the environment and gradual reduction of pollution levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifei Li
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pei Hua
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Institute of Groundwater and Earth Sciences, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Peter Krebs
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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