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Altun HY, Secilmis M, Yang F, Akgul Caglar T, Vatandaslar E, Toy MF, Vilain S, Mann GE, Öztürk G, Eroglu E. Visualizing hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide dynamics in endothelial cells using multispectral imaging under controlled oxygen conditions. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 221:89-97. [PMID: 38735541 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The complex interplay between hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) in endothelial cells presents challenges due to technical limitations in simultaneous measurement, hindering the elucidation of their direct relationship. Previous studies have yielded conflicting findings regarding the impact of H2O2 on NO production. To address this problem, we employed genetically encoded biosensors, HyPer7 for H2O2 and geNOps for NO, allowing simultaneous imaging in single endothelial cells. Optimization strategies were implemented to enhance biosensor performance, including camera binning, temperature regulation, and environmental adjustments to mimic physiological normoxia. Our results demonstrate that under ambient oxygen conditions, H2O2 exhibited no significant influence on NO production. Subsequent exploration under physiological normoxia (5 kPa O2) revealed distinct oxidative stress levels characterized by reduced basal HyPer7 signals, enhanced H2O2 scavenging kinetics, and altered responses to pharmacological treatment. Investigation of the relationship between H2O2 and NO under varying oxygen conditions revealed a lack of NO response to H2O2 under hyperoxia (18 kPa O2) but a modest NO response under physiological normoxia (5 kPa O2). Importantly, the NO response was attenuated by l-NAME, suggesting activation of eNOS by endogenous H2O2 generation upon auranofin treatment. Our study highlights the intricate interplay between H2O2 and NO within the endothelial EA.hy926 cell line, emphasizing the necessity for additional research within physiological contexts due to differential response observed under physiological normoxia (5 kPa O2). This further investigation is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the H2O2 and NO signaling considering the physiological effects of ambient O2 levels involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Yusuf Altun
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey; Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Secilmis
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey; Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fan Yang
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Tuba Akgul Caglar
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey; Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Vatandaslar
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Fatih Toy
- School of Engineering and Natural Science, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sven Vilain
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Gürkan Öztürk
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey; Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University (BAIBU), 14200, Bolu, Türkiye.
| | - Emrah Eroglu
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey; Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
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2
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Blackwood SJ, Tischer D, van de Ven MPF, Pontén M, Edman S, Horwath O, Apró W, Röja J, Ekblom MM, Moberg M, Katz A. Elevated heart rate and decreased muscle endothelial nitric oxide synthase in early development of insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E172-E182. [PMID: 38836779 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00148.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a risk factor for the development of several major metabolic diseases. Muscle fiber composition is established early in life and is associated with insulin sensitivity. Hence, muscle fiber composition was used to identify early defects in the development of IR in healthy young individuals in the absence of clinical manifestations. Biopsies were obtained from the thigh muscle, followed by an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Indices of insulin action were calculated and cardiovascular measurements, analyses of blood and muscle were performed. Whole body insulin sensitivity (SIgalvin) was positively related to expression of type I muscle fibers (r = 0.49; P < 0.001) and negatively related to resting heart rate (HR, r = -0.39; P < 0.001), which was also negatively related to expression of type I muscle fibers (r = -0.41; P < 0.001). Muscle protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), whose activation results in vasodilation, was measured in two subsets of subjects expressing a high percentage of type I fibers (59 ± 6%; HR = 57 ± 9 beats/min; SIgalvin = 1.8 ± 0.7 units) or low percentage of type I fibers (30 ± 6%; HR = 71 ± 11; SIgalvin = 0.8 ± 0.3 units; P < 0.001 for all variables vs. first group). eNOS expression was 1) higher in subjects with high type I expression; 2) almost twofold higher in pools of type I versus II fibers; 3) only detected in capillaries surrounding muscle fibers; and 4) linearly associated with SIgalvin. These data demonstrate that an altered function of the autonomic nervous system and a compromised capacity for vasodilation in the microvasculature occur early in the development of IR.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Insulin resistance (IR) is a risk factor for the development of several metabolic diseases. In healthy young individuals, an elevated heart rate (HR) correlates with low insulin sensitivity and high expression of type II skeletal muscle fibers, which express low levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and, hence, a limited capacity to induce vasodilation in response to insulin. Early targeting of the autonomic nervous system and microvasculature may attenuate development of diseases stemming from insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Blackwood
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominik Tischer
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myrthe P F van de Ven
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marjan Pontén
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Edman
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar Horwath
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William Apró
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Röja
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria M Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Moberg
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abram Katz
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ghaffari Zaki A, Yiğit EN, Aydın MŞ, Vatandaslar E, Öztürk G, Eroglu E. Genetically Encoded Biosensors Unveil Neuronal Injury Dynamics via Multichromatic ATP and Calcium Imaging. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1261-1271. [PMID: 38293866 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
When a cell sustains damage, it liberates cytosolic ATP, which can serve as an injury signal, affecting neighboring cells. This study presents a methodological approach that employs in vitro axotomy and in vivo laser ablation to simulate cellular injury. Specially tailored biosensors are employed to monitor ATP dynamics and calcium transients in injured cells and their surroundings. To simultaneously visualize extracellular and cytosolic ATP, we developed bicistronic constructs featuring GRABATP1.0 and MaLionR biosensors alongside the calcium sensor RCaMP, enabling multiparametric imaging. In addition to transducing primary neuron cultures, we developed another method where we cocultured dorsal root ganglion neurons together with specialized "sniffer" cell lines expressing the bicistronic biosensors. Exploiting these approaches, we successfully demonstrated the release of ATP from the injured neurons and its extracellular diffusion in response to cellular injury in vitro and in vivo. Axotomy triggered intracellular calcium mobilization not only in the injured neuron but also in the intact neighboring cells, providing new insights into ATP's role as an injury signal. The tools developed in this study have demonstrated remarkable efficiency in unraveling the intricacies of ATP-mediated injury signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asal Ghaffari Zaki
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Esra N Yiğit
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ş Aydın
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
| | - Emre Vatandaslar
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
| | - Gürkan Öztürk
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
| | - Emrah Eroglu
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
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Zong P, Feng J, Li CX, Jellison ER, Yue Z, Miller B, Yue L. Activation of endothelial TRPM2 exacerbates blood-brain barrier degradation in ischemic stroke. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:188-202. [PMID: 37595268 PMCID: PMC10936752 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Damage of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a hallmark of brain injury during the early stages of ischemic stroke. The subsequent endothelial hyperpermeability drives the initial pathological changes and aggravates neuronal death. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel activated by oxidative stress. However, whether TRPM2 is involved in BBB degradation during ischemic stroke remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the role of TRPM2 in BBB degradation during ischemic stroke and the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Specific deletion of Trpm2 in endothelial cells using Cdh5 Cre produces a potent protective effect against brain injury in mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), which is characterized by reduced infarction size, mitigated plasma extravasation, suppressed immune cell invasion, and inhibited oxidative stress. In vitro experiments using cultured cerebral endothelial cells (CECs) demonstrated that either Trpm2 deletion or inhibition of TRPM2 activation attenuates oxidative stress, Ca2+ overload, and endothelial hyperpermeability induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and CD36 ligand thrombospondin-1 (TSP1). In transfected HEK293T cells, OGD and TSP1 activate TRPM2 in a CD36-dependent manner. Noticeably, in cultured CECs, deleting Trpm2 or inhibiting TRPM2 activation also suppresses the activation of CD36 and cellular dysfunction induced by OGD or TSP1. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our data reveal a novel molecular mechanism in which TRPM2 and CD36 promote the activation of each other, which exacerbates endothelial dysfunction during ischemic stroke. Our study suggests that TRPM2 in endothelial cells is a promising target for developing more effective and safer therapies for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Zong
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jianlin Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Cindy X Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Evan R Jellison
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Zhichao Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Barbara Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Lixia Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Kang SU, Kim HJ, Ma S, Oh DY, Jang JY, Seo C, Lee YS, Kim CH. Liquid plasma promotes angiogenesis through upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase-induced extracellular matrix metabolism: potential applications of liquid plasma for vascular injuries. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:138. [PMID: 38374138 PMCID: PMC10875778 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01412-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Applications of nonthermal plasma have expanded beyond the biomedical field to include antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. Plasma enhances epithelial cell repair; however, the potential damage to deep tissues and vascular structures remains under investigation. RESULT This study assessed whether liquid plasma (LP) increased nitric oxide (NO) production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by modulating endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and potential signaling pathways. First, we developed a liquid plasma product and confirmed the angiogenic effect of LP using the Matrigel plug assay. We found that the NO content increased in plasma-treated water. NO in plasma-treated water promoted cell migration and angiogenesis in scratch and tube formation assays via vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression. In addition to endothelial cell proliferation and migration, LP influenced extracellular matrix metabolism and matrix metalloproteinase activity. These effects were abolished by treatment with NG-L-monomethyl arginine, a specific inhibitor of NO synthase. Furthermore, we investigated the signaling pathways mediating the phosphorylation and activation of eNOS in LP-treated cells and the role of LKB1-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in signaling. Downregulation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase by siRNA partially inhibited LP-induced eNOS phosphorylation, angiogenesis, and migration. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that LP treatment may be a novel strategy for promoting angiogenesis in vascular damage. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Un Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 443-380, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng Jun Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 443-380, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukhwal Ma
- Medical Accelerator Research Team, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), 75 Nowonro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01812, South Korea
| | - Doo-Yi Oh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 443-380, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeon Yeob Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 443-380, Republic of Korea
| | - Chorong Seo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 443-380, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sang Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 443-380, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 443-380, Republic of Korea.
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Böttner J, Fischer-Schaepmann T, Werner S, Knauth S, Jahnke HG, Thiele H, Büttner P. Amphetamine increases vascular permeability by modulating endothelial actin cytoskeleton and NO synthase via PAR-1 and VEGF-R. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3596. [PMID: 38351286 PMCID: PMC10864289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Abuse of amphetamine-type stimulants is linked to cardiovascular adverse effects like arrhythmias, accelerated atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndromes and sudden cardiac death. Excessive catecholamine release following amphetamine use causes vasoconstriction and vasospasms, over time leading to hypertension, endothelial dysfunction or even cardiotoxicity. However, immediate vascular pathomechanisms related to amphetamine exposure, especially endothelial function, remain incompletely understood and were analyzed in this study. Pharmaco-pathological effects of acute d-amphetamine-sulfate (DAM) were investigated ex vivo using contraction-force measurements of rat carotid artery rings and in vitro using label-free, real-time electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Specific receptor and target blocking was used to identify molecular targets and to characterize intracellular signaling. DAM induced vasodilation represented by 29.3±2.5% decrease in vascular tone (p<0.001) involving vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF-R) and protease activated receptor 1 (PAR-1). EIS revealed that DAM induces endothelial barrier disruption (-75.9±1.1% of initial cellular impedance, p<0.001) also involving VEGF-R and PAR-1. Further, in response to DAM, Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) mediated reversible contraction of actin cytoskeleton resulting in endothelial barrier disruption. Dephosphorylation of Serine1177 (-50.8±3.7%, p<0.001) and Threonine495 (-44.8±6.5%, p=0.0103) of the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) were also observed. Blocking of VEGF-R and PAR-1 restored baseline eNOS Threonine495 phosphorylation. DAM induced vasodilation, enhanced vascular permeability and actin cytoskeleton contraction and induced eNOS hypophosphorylation involving VEGF-R, PAR-1 and ROCK. These results may contribute to a better understanding of severe adverse cardiovascular effects in amphetamine abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Böttner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Tina Fischer-Schaepmann
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Werner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Knauth
- Institute for Orthodontics, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 21, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heinz-Georg Jahnke
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine at Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petra Büttner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Allemann MS, Lee P, Beer JH, Saeedi Saravi SS. Targeting the redox system for cardiovascular regeneration in aging. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e14020. [PMID: 37957823 PMCID: PMC10726899 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular aging presents a formidable challenge, as the aging process can lead to reduced cardiac function and heightened susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, there is an escalating, unmet medical need for innovative and effective cardiovascular regeneration strategies aimed at restoring and rejuvenating aging cardiovascular tissues. Altered redox homeostasis and the accumulation of oxidative damage play a pivotal role in detrimental changes to stem cell function and cellular senescence, hampering regenerative capacity in aged cardiovascular system. A mounting body of evidence underscores the significance of targeting redox machinery to restore stem cell self-renewal and enhance their differentiation potential into youthful cardiovascular lineages. Hence, the redox machinery holds promise as a target for optimizing cardiovascular regenerative therapies. In this context, we delve into the current understanding of redox homeostasis in regulating stem cell function and reprogramming processes that impact the regenerative potential of the cardiovascular system. Furthermore, we offer insights into the recent translational and clinical implications of redox-targeting compounds aimed at enhancing current regenerative therapies for aging cardiovascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meret Sarah Allemann
- Center for Molecular CardiologyUniversity of ZurichSchlierenSwitzerland
- Department of Internal MedicineCantonal Hospital BadenBadenSwitzerland
| | - Pratintip Lee
- Center for Molecular CardiologyUniversity of ZurichSchlierenSwitzerland
- Department of Internal MedicineCantonal Hospital BadenBadenSwitzerland
| | - Jürg H. Beer
- Center for Molecular CardiologyUniversity of ZurichSchlierenSwitzerland
- Department of Internal MedicineCantonal Hospital BadenBadenSwitzerland
| | - Seyed Soheil Saeedi Saravi
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospital Zurich, University of ZurichSchlierenSwitzerland
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Mirza I, Haloul M, Hassan C, Masrur M, Mostafa A, Bianco FM, Ali MM, Minshall RD, Mahmoud AM. Adiposomes from Obese-Diabetic Individuals Promote Endothelial Dysfunction and Loss of Surface Caveolae. Cells 2023; 12:2453. [PMID: 37887297 PMCID: PMC10605845 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are products of lipid glycosylation that have been implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases. In diabetes, the adipocyte microenvironment is characterized by hyperglycemia and inflammation, resulting in high levels of GSLs. Therefore, we sought to assess the GSL content in extracellular vesicles derived from the adipose tissues (adiposomes) of obese-diabetic (OB-T2D) subjects and their impact on endothelial cell function. To this end, endothelial cells were exposed to adiposomes isolated from OB-T2D versus healthy subjects. Cells were assessed for caveolar integrity and related signaling, such as Src-kinase and caveolin-1 (cav-1) phosphorylation, and functional pathways, such as endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. Compared with adiposomes from healthy subjects, OB-T2D adiposomes had higher levels of GSLs, especially LacCer and GM3; they promoted cav-1 phosphorylation coupled to an obvious loss of endothelial surface caveolae and induced eNOS-uncoupling, peroxynitrite generation, and cav-1 nitrosylation. These effects were abolished by Src kinase inhibition and were not observed in GSL-depleted adiposomes. At the functional levels, OB-T2D adiposomes reduced nitric oxide production, shear response, and albumin intake in endothelial cells and impaired flow-induced dilation in healthy arterioles. In conclusion, OB-T2D adiposomes carried a detrimental GSL cargo that disturbed endothelial caveolae and the associated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imaduddin Mirza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (I.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Mohamed Haloul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (I.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Chandra Hassan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (C.H.); (M.M.); (F.M.B.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Mario Masrur
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (C.H.); (M.M.); (F.M.B.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Amro Mostafa
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Francesco M. Bianco
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (C.H.); (M.M.); (F.M.B.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Mohamed M. Ali
- School of Business and Non-Profit Management, North Park University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA;
| | - Richard D. Minshall
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (C.H.); (M.M.); (F.M.B.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Abeer M. Mahmoud
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (I.M.); (M.H.)
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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9
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Saravi SSS, Bonetti NR, Vukolic A, Vdovenko D, Lee P, Liberale L, Basso C, Rizzo S, Akhmedov A, Lüscher TF, Camici GG, Beer JH. Long-term dietary n3 fatty acid prevents aging-related cardiac diastolic and vascular dysfunction. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 150:107175. [PMID: 37105373 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The prevalence of left ventricular (LV) diastolic and vascular dysfunction increases with age, eventually leading to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). A preventive strategy is an unmet medical need. We and others reported previously on the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acid alpha linolenic acid (ALA) on cardiovascular disorders in animal models and translational studies. We now investigate whether long-term dietary ALA could prevent LV diastolic dysfunction and vascular aging in a murine model. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type C57BL/6 J mice were fed a chow or ALA diet for 12 months, starting at 6 months of age. Here, we show that aged (~18 months) mice recapitulate major hallmarks of HFpEF, including LV diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction, impaired vascular function, cardiac fibrosis, arterial stiffening and inflammation, as well as elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). Long-term ALA supplementation upregulated the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid enzyme Idh2 and the antioxidant enzymes SOD1 and Gpx1. It also has been associated with reduced inflammation and ECM remodeling, accompanied by a significant downregulation of fibrosis biomarkers MMP-2 and TGF-β in both cardiac and vascular tissues obtained from aged mice. Our data exhibited the preventive effects of dietary ALA against LV diastolic dysfunction, impaired vasorelaxation, cardiac fibrosis, inflammation and arterial stiffening in aged mice. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence and a simplified mechanistic insight on how long-term ALA supplementation is a successful strategy to prevent the development of age-related diastolic and vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Soheil Saeedi Saravi
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Nicole R Bonetti
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baden, 5404 Baden, Switzerland
| | - Ana Vukolic
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Daria Vdovenko
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Pratintip Lee
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baden, 5404 Baden, Switzerland
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cristina Basso
- Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Alexander Akhmedov
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Imperial and Kings College, London, UK
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg H Beer
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baden, 5404 Baden, Switzerland.
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10
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Serreli G, Deiana M. Role of Dietary Polyphenols in the Activity and Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthases: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010147. [PMID: 36671009 PMCID: PMC9854440 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays several key roles in the functionality of an organism, and it is usually released in numerous organs and tissues. There are mainly three isoforms of the enzyme that produce NO starting from the metabolism of arginine, namely endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). The expression and activity of these isoforms depends on the activation/deactivation of different signaling pathways at an intracellular level following different physiological and pathological stimuli. Compounds of natural origin such as polyphenols, which are obtainable through diet, have been widely studied in recent years in in vivo and in vitro investigations for their ability to induce or inhibit NO release, depending on the tissue. In this review, we aim to disclose the scientific evidence relating to the activity of the main dietary polyphenols in the modulation of the intracellular pathways involved in the expression and/or functionality of the NOS isoforms.
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11
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Wu HC, Chen YC, Hsieh CL, Hsiao G, Wang SW, Cheng MJ, Chao CY, Lee TH, Kuo YH. Chemical constituents and their anti-neuroinflammatory activities from the bark of Taiwan incense cedar, Calocedrus formosana. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 204:113347. [PMID: 36027968 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One undescribed C40 terpenoid, calomacroquinoic acid; four undescribed diterpenes, 5α,6α-epoxy-7α-hydroxyferruginol, 15-ethoxysugiol, 7-methoxy-6,7-secoabieta-8,11,13-triene-6,12-diol, and ethyl 7,8-secoabieta-11,14-dioxo-7-ate; two compounds isolated from Nature for the first time, 6β,7α-dihydroxyferruginol and 12-O-methyltaxochinon; and six known compounds were successfully identified from the bark of Taiwan incense cedar Calocedrus formosana. Structures of all isolates were elucidated by physical data (appearance, ultraviolet, infrared, specific rotation, and X-ray) and spectroscopic data (1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution electron ionization mass spectrometry). The biosynthetic pathway of calomacroquinoic acid is also described in the current study. Nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglia cells was inhibited by 6,7-dehydroferruginol, 7α,11-dihydroxy-12-methoxy-8,11,13-abietriene, and trans-communic acid. Altogether, the bark of C. formosana possessed several potential natural therapeutics against inflammation-related neuronal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Cheng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; Department of Disaster Management, Taiwan Police College, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
| | - George Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Cheng
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute (FIRDI), Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yi Chao
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Huei Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
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12
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Sevimli G, Alston AE, Funk F, Flühmann B, Malli R, Graier WF, Eroglu E. Probing Subcellular Iron Availability with Genetically Encoded Nitric Oxide Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:903. [PMID: 36291039 PMCID: PMC9599561 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cellular iron supply is required for various biochemical processes. Measuring bioavailable iron in cells aids in obtaining a better understanding of its biochemical activities but is technically challenging. Existing techniques have several constraints that make precise localization difficult, and the lack of a functional readout makes it unclear whether the tested labile iron is available for metalloproteins. Here, we use geNOps; a ferrous iron-dependent genetically encoded fluorescent nitric oxide (NO) biosensor, to measure available iron in cellular locales. We exploited the nitrosylation-dependent fluorescence quenching of geNOps as a direct readout for cellular iron absorption, distribution, and availability. Our findings show that, in addition to ferrous iron salts, the complex of iron (III) with N,N'-bis (2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (HBED) can activate the iron (II)-dependent NO probe within intact cells. Cell treatment for only 20 min with iron sucrose was also sufficient to activate the biosensor in the cytosol and mitochondria significantly; however, ferric carboxymaltose failed to functionalize the probe, even after 2 h of cell treatment. Our findings show that the geNOps approach detects available iron (II) in cultured cells and can be applied to assay functional iron (II) at the (sub)cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsah Sevimli
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Felix Funk
- CSL Vifor Ltd., Flughofstrasse 61, CH-8152 Glattbrugg, Switzerland
| | - Beat Flühmann
- CSL Vifor Ltd., Flughofstrasse 61, CH-8152 Glattbrugg, Switzerland
| | - Roland Malli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Next Generation Fluorescence Imaging Inc., 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F. Graier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Next Generation Fluorescence Imaging Inc., 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Emrah Eroglu
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
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13
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Pandey AK, Waldeck-Weiermair M, Wells QS, Xiao W, Yadav S, Eroglu E, Michel T, Loscalzo J. Expression of CD70 Modulates NO and Redox Status in Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:1169-1185. [PMID: 35924558 PMCID: PMC9394499 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is a critical component in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and is closely associated with NO levels and oxidative stress. Here, we report on novel findings linking endothelial expression of CD70 with alterations in NO and reactive oxygen species. METHODS CD70 expression was genetically manipulated in human aortic and pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Intracellular NO and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were measured using genetically encoded biosensors, and cellular phenotypes were assessed. RESULTS An unbiased phenome-wide association study demonstrated that polymorphisms in CD70 associate with vascular phenotypes. Endothelial cells treated with CD70-directed short-interfering RNA demonstrated impaired wound closure, decreased agonist-stimulated NO levels, and reduced eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) protein. This was accompanied by reduced NO bioactivity, increased 3-nitrotyrosine levels, and a decrease in the eNOS binding partner heat shock protein 90. Following treatment with the thioredoxin inhibitor auranofin or with agonist histamine, intracellular H2O2 levels increased up to 80% in the cytosol, plasmalemmal caveolae, and mitochondria. There was increased expression of NADPH oxidase 1 complex and gp91phox; expression of copper/zinc and manganese superoxide dismutases was also elevated. CD70 knockdown reduced levels of the H2O2 scavenger catalase; by contrast, glutathione peroxidase 1 expression and activity were increased. CD70 overexpression enhanced endothelial wound closure, increased NO levels, and attenuated the reduction in eNOS mRNA induced by TNFα. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data establish CD70 as a novel regulatory protein in endothelial NO and reactive oxygen species homeostasis, with implications for human vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind K Pandey
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.K.P., M.W.-W., W.X., S.Y., T.M., J.L.)
| | - Markus Waldeck-Weiermair
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.K.P., M.W.-W., W.X., S.Y., T.M., J.L.)
| | - Quinn S Wells
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (Q.S.W.)
| | - Wusheng Xiao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.K.P., M.W.-W., W.X., S.Y., T.M., J.L.)
| | - Shambhu Yadav
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.K.P., M.W.-W., W.X., S.Y., T.M., J.L.)
| | - Emrah Eroglu
- Faculty for Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey (E.E.)
| | - Thomas Michel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.K.P., M.W.-W., W.X., S.Y., T.M., J.L.)
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.K.P., M.W.-W., W.X., S.Y., T.M., J.L.)
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14
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Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E. Nitric oxide signaling in health and disease. Cell 2022; 185:2853-2878. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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15
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Cameron SJ, Sheng J, Hosseinian F, Willmore WG. Nanoparticle Effects on Stress Response Pathways and Nanoparticle-Protein Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7962. [PMID: 35887304 PMCID: PMC9323783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used in a wide variety of applications and products; however, NPs may affect stress response pathways and interact with proteins in biological systems. This review article will provide an overview of the beneficial and detrimental effects of NPs on stress response pathways with a focus on NP-protein interactions. Depending upon the particular NP, experimental model system, and dose and exposure conditions, the introduction of NPs may have either positive or negative effects. Cellular processes such as the development of oxidative stress, the initiation of the inflammatory response, mitochondrial function, detoxification, and alterations to signaling pathways are all affected by the introduction of NPs. In terms of tissue-specific effects, the local microenvironment can have a profound effect on whether an NP is beneficial or harmful to cells. Interactions of NPs with metal-binding proteins (zinc, copper, iron and calcium) affect both their structure and function. This review will provide insights into the current knowledge of protein-based nanotoxicology and closely examines the targets of specific NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana J. Cameron
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (S.J.C.); (F.H.)
| | - Jessica Sheng
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
| | - Farah Hosseinian
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (S.J.C.); (F.H.)
| | - William G. Willmore
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (S.J.C.); (F.H.)
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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16
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Solone XKV, Caldara AL, Wells B, Qiao H, Wade LR, Salerno JC, Helms KA, Smith KER, McMurry JL, Chrestensen CA. MAP kinases differentially bind and phosphorylate NOS3 via two unique NOS3 sites. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1075-1086. [PMID: 35182051 PMCID: PMC9063426 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) is a major vasoprotective enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of l-arginine to nitric oxide (NO) in response to a significant number of signaling pathways. Here, we provide evidence that NOS3 interactions with MAP kinases have physiological relevance. Binding interactions of NOS3 with c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1α1 ), p38α, and ERK2 were characterized using optical biosensing with full-length NOS3 and NOS3 specific peptides and phosphopeptides. Like p38α and ERK2, JNK1α1 exhibited high-affinity binding to full-length NOS3 (KD 15 nm). Rate constants exhibited fast-on, slow-off binding (kon = 4106 m-1 s-1 ; koff = 6.2 × 10-5 s-1 ). Further analysis using synthetic NOS3 peptides revealed two MAP kinase binding sites unique to NOS3. p38α evinced similar affinity with both NOS3 binding sites. For ERK2 and JNK1α1, the affinity at the two sites differed. However, NOS3 peptides with a phosphate at either S114 or S633 did not meaningfully interact with the kinases. Immunoblotting revealed that each kinase phosphorylated NOS3 with a unique pattern. JNK1α1 predominantly phosphorylated NOS3 at S114, ERK2 at S600, and p38α phosphorylated both residues. In vitro production of NO was unchanged by phosphorylation at these sites. In human microvascular endothelial cells, endogenous interactions of all the MAP kinases with NOS3 were captured using proximity ligation assay in resting cells. Our results underscore the importance of MAP kinase interactions, identifying two unique NOS3 interaction sites with potential for modulation by MAP kinase phosphorylation (S114) and other signaling inputs, like protein kinase A (S633).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xzaviar K. V. Solone
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BiologyKennesaw State UniversityGAUSA
- Present address:
Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Amber L. Caldara
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BiologyKennesaw State UniversityGAUSA
| | - Brady Wells
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryKennesaw State UniversityGAUSA
| | - Hao Qiao
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryKennesaw State UniversityGAUSA
| | - Lydia R. Wade
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryKennesaw State UniversityGAUSA
| | - John C. Salerno
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BiologyKennesaw State UniversityGAUSA
| | - Katy A. Helms
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BiologyKennesaw State UniversityGAUSA
- Present address:
Wake Forest Medical CenterWinston‐SalemNCUSA
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17
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Bertinat R, Villalobos-Labra R, Hofmann L, Blauensteiner J, Sepúlveda N, Westermeier F. Decreased NO production in endothelial cells exposed to plasma from ME/CFS patients. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 143:106953. [PMID: 35074481 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.106953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating disease characterized by severe and persistent fatigue. Along with clinical studies showing endothelial dysfunction (ED) in a subset of ME/CFS patients, we have recently reported altered ED-related microRNAs in plasma from affected individuals. Inadequate nitric oxide (NO), mainly produced by the endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells (ECs), is a major cause of ED. In this study, we hypothesized that plasma from that cohort of ME/CFS patients induces eNOS-related ED in vitro. To test this, we cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in the presence of plasma from either ME/CFS patients (ME/CFS-plasma, n = 11) or healthy controls (HC-plasma, n = 12). Then, we measured the NO production in the absence and presence of tyrosine kinase and G protein-coupled receptors agonists (TKRs and GPCRs, respectively), well-known to activate eNOS in ECs. Our data showed that HUVECs incubated with ME/CFS-plasma produced less NO either in the absence or presence of eNOS activators compared to ones in presence of HC-plasma. Also, the NO production elicited by bradykinin, histamine, and acetylcholine (GPCRs agonists) was more affected than the one triggered by insulin (TKR agonist). Finally, inhibitory eNOS phosphorylation at Thr495 was higher in HUVECs treated with ME/CFS-plasma compared to the same treatment with HC-plasma. In conclusion, this study in vitro shows a decreased NO production in HUVECs exposed to plasma from ME/CFS patients, suggesting an unreported role of eNOS in the pathophysiology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Bertinat
- Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, CMA-BIO BIO, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Roberto Villalobos-Labra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heritage Medical Research Centre (HMRC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Lidija Hofmann
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Health Studies, FH Joanneum University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Jennifer Blauensteiner
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Health Studies, FH Joanneum University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Nuno Sepúlveda
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland; CEAUL - Centro de Estatística e Aplicações da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco Westermeier
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Health Studies, FH Joanneum University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria; Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile.
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18
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Nitric oxide biosensor uncovers diminished ferrous iron-dependency of cultured cells adapted to physiological oxygen levels. Redox Biol 2022; 53:102319. [PMID: 35525027 PMCID: PMC9079701 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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19
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Chavva H, Belcher AM, Brazeau DA, Rorabaugh BR. Prenatal Exposure to Methamphetamine Causes Vascular Dysfunction in Adult Male Rat Offspring. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:830983. [PMID: 35155639 PMCID: PMC8826446 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.830983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine use during pregnancy can have negative consequences on the offspring. However, most studies investigating the impact of prenatal exposure to methamphetamine have focused on behavioral and neurological outcomes. Relatively little is known regarding the impact of prenatal methamphetamine on the adult cardiovascular system. This study investigated the impact of chronic fetal exposure to methamphetamine on vascular function in adult offspring. Pregnant female rats received daily saline or methamphetamine (5 mg/kg) injections starting on gestational day 1 and continuing until the pups were born. Vascular function was assessed in 5 month old offspring. Prenatal methamphetamine significantly decreased both the efficacy and potency of acetylcholine-induced relaxation in isolated male (but not female) aortas when perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) remained intact. However, prenatal methamphetamine had no impact on acetylcholine-induced relaxation when PVAT was removed. Nitroprusside-induced relaxation of the aorta was unaffected by prenatal methamphetamine. Angiotensin II-induced contractile responses were significantly potentiated in male (but not female) aortas regardless of the presence of PVAT. This effect was reversed by L-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Serotonin- and phenylephrine-induced contraction were unaffected by prenatal methamphetamine. Prenatal methamphetamine had no impact on acetylcholine-induced relaxation of third order mesenteric arteries and no effect on basal blood pressure. These data provide evidence that prenatal exposure to methamphetamine sex-dependently alters vasomotor function in the vasculature and may increase the risk of developing vascular disorders later in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasitha Chavva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Adam M Belcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Daniel A Brazeau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Boyd R Rorabaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
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20
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Nobiletin Protects Endothelial Cell Function via Upregulation of eNOS/ET-1 and Antioxidant Status-Related Genes under Nonstimulated and Inflammatory Conditions. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9119547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nobiletin, a natural polymethoxylated flavonoid compound, has been shown to exert a wide range of biological activities. However, there is limited evidence on the molecular mechanisms by which nobiletin modulates endothelial cell function. Our aim was to investigate the potential of nobiletin to enhance endothelial cell functionality under nonstimulated and inflammatory conditions. To this end, gene expression relevant to nitric oxide (NO) production, endothelin 1 (ET-1), and antioxidant status in human endothelial cells EA.hy926 was determined using real-time PCR. The fluorescence probe 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) was used to measure NO production. The results demonstrated significant upregulation of eNOS and antioxidant genes as well as downregulation of ET-1 by nobiletin under nonstimulated and TNF-α-stimulated inflammatory conditions. These findings suggest a promising protective effect of nobiletin with relevance for cardiovascular health, likely through the NO/ET-1 dynamics and Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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21
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Chemogenetic approaches to dissect the role of H2O2 in redox-dependent pathways using genetically encoded biosensors. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:335-345. [PMID: 35015078 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemogenetic tools are recombinant enzymes that can be targeted to specific organelles and tissues. The provision or removal of the enzyme substrate permits control of its biochemical activities. Yeast-derived enzyme D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) represents the first of its kind for a substrate-based chemogenetic approach to modulate H2O2 concentrations within cells. Combining these powerful enzymes with multiparametric imaging methods exploiting genetically encoded biosensors has opened new lines of investigations in life sciences. In recent years, the chemogenetic DAAO approach has proven beneficial to establish a new role for (patho)physiological oxidative stress on redox-dependent signaling and metabolic pathways in cultured cells and animal model systems. This mini-review covers established or emerging methods and assesses newer approaches exploiting chemogenetic tools combined with genetically encoded biosensors.
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22
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Steinhorn B, Eroglu E, Michel T. Chemogenetic Approaches to Probe Redox Pathways: Implications for Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Toxicology. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 62:551-571. [PMID: 34530645 PMCID: PMC10507364 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-012221-082339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chemogenetics refers to experimental systems that dynamically regulate the activity of a recombinant protein by providing or withholding the protein's specific biochemical stimulus. Chemogenetic tools permit precise dynamic control of specific signaling molecules to delineate the roles of those molecules in physiology and disease. Yeast d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) enables chemogenetic manipulation of intracellular redox balance by generating hydrogen peroxide only in the presence of d-amino acids. Advances in biosensors have allowed the precise quantitation of these signaling molecules. The combination of chemogenetic approaches with biosensor methodologies has opened up new lines of investigation, allowing the analysis of intracellular redox pathways that modulate physiological and pathological cell responses. We anticipate that newly developed transgenic chemogenetic models will permit dynamic modulation of cellularredox balance in diverse cells and tissues and will facilitate the identification and validation of novel therapeutic targets involved in both physiological redox pathways and pathological oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Steinhorn
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Emrah Eroglu
- Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Michel
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
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23
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Erdogan YC, Altun HY, Secilmis M, Ata BN, Sevimli G, Cokluk Z, Zaki AG, Sezen S, Akgul Caglar T, Sevgen İ, Steinhorn B, Ai H, Öztürk G, Belousov VV, Michel T, Eroglu E. Complexities of the chemogenetic toolkit: Differential mDAAO activation by d-amino substrates and subcellular targeting. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:132-142. [PMID: 34687864 PMCID: PMC8639799 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A common approach to investigate oxidant-regulated intracellular pathways is to add exogenous H2O2 to living cells or tissues. However, the addition of H2O2 to the culture medium of cells or tissues approach does not accurately replicate intracellular redox-mediated cell responses. d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO)-based chemogenetic tools represent informative methodological advances that permit the generation of H2O2 on demand with a high spatiotemporal resolution by providing or withdrawing the DAAO substrate d-amino acids. Much has been learned about the intracellular transport of H2O2 through studies using DAAO, yet these valuable tools remain incompletely characterized in many cultured cells. In this study, we describe and characterize in detail the features of a new modified variant of DAAO (termed mDAAO) with improved catalytic activities. We tested mDAAO functionality in several cultured cell lines employing live-cell imaging techniques. Our imaging experiments show that mDAAO is suitable for the generation of H2O2 under hypoxic conditions imaged with the novel ultrasensitive H2O2 sensor (HyPer7). Moreover, this approach was suitable for generating H2O2 in a reversible and concentration-dependent manner in subcellular locales. Furthermore, we show that the choice of d-amino acids differentially affects mDAAO-dependent intracellular H2O2 generation. When paired with the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) sensor hsGFP, administration of the sulfur-containing amino acid d-cysteine to cells expressing mDAAO generates robust H2S signals. We also show that chemogenetic H2O2 generation in different cell types yields distinct HyPer7 profiles. These studies fully characterize the new mDAAO as a novel chemogenetic tool and provide multiparametric approaches for cell manipulation that may open new lines of investigations for redox biochemists to dissect the role of ROS signaling pathways with high spatial and temporal precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf C Erdogan
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hamza Y Altun
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Secilmis
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra N Ata
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Sevimli
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Cokluk
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asal Ghaffari Zaki
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Sezen
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Akgul Caglar
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İlker Sevgen
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Benjamin Steinhorn
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huiwang Ai
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Gürkan Öztürk
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Physiology Department, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vsevelod V Belousov
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Michel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Emrah Eroglu
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey; Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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24
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Waldeck-Weiermair M, Yadav S, Spyropoulos F, Krüger C, Pandey AK, Michel T. Dissecting in vivo and in vitro redox responses using chemogenetics. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:360-369. [PMID: 34752919 PMCID: PMC8639655 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is the most abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) within mammalian cells. At low concentrations, H2O2 serves as a versatile cell signaling molecule that mediates vital physiological functions. Yet at higher concentrations, H2O2 can be a toxic molecule by promoting pathological oxidative stress in cells and tissues. Within normal cells, H2O2 is differentially distributed in a variety of subcellular locales. Moreover, many redox-active enzymes and their substrates are themselves differentially distributed within cells. Numerous reports have described the biological and biochemical consequences of adding exogenous H2O2 to cultured cells and tissues, but many of these observations are difficult to interpret: the effects of exogenous H2O2 do not necessarily replicate the cellular responses to endogenous H2O2. In recent years, chemogenetic approaches have been developed to dynamically regulate the abundance of H2O2 in specific subcellular locales. Chemogenetic approaches have been applied in multiple experimental systems, ranging from in vitro studies on the intracellular transport and metabolism of H2O2, all the way to in vivo studies that generate oxidative stress in specific organs in living animals. These chemogenetic approaches have exploited a yeast-derived d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) that synthesizes H2O2 only in the presence of its d-amino acid substrate. DAAO can be targeted to various subcellular locales, and can be dynamically activated by the addition or withdrawal of its d-amino acid substrate. In addition, recent advances in the development of highly sensitive genetically encoded H2O2 biosensors are providing a better understanding of both physiological and pathological oxidative pathways. This review highlights several applications of DAAO as a chemogenetic tool across a wide range of biological systems, from analyses of subcellular H2O2 metabolism in cells to the development of new disease models caused by oxidative stress in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Waldeck-Weiermair
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Shambhu Yadav
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fotios Spyropoulos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina Krüger
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Arvind K Pandey
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Michel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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25
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Aguilar G, Córdova F, Koning T, Sarmiento J, Boric MP, Birukov K, Cancino J, Varas-Godoy M, Soza A, Alves NG, Mujica PE, Durán WN, Ehrenfeld P, Sánchez FA. TNF-α-activated eNOS signaling increases leukocyte adhesion through the S-nitrosylation pathway. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H1083-H1095. [PMID: 34652985 PMCID: PMC8782658 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00065.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key factor in inflammation. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), whose activity increases after stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines, produces NO in endothelium. NO activates two pathways: 1) soluble guanylate cyclase-protein kinase G and 2) S-nitrosylation (NO-induced modification of free-thiol cysteines in proteins). S-nitrosylation affects phosphorylation, localization, and protein interactions. NO is classically described as a negative regulator of leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. However, agonists activating NO production induce a fast leukocyte adhesion, which suggests that NO might positively regulate leukocyte adhesion. We tested the hypothesis that eNOS-induced NO promotes leukocyte adhesion through the S-nitrosylation pathway. We stimulated leukocyte adhesion to endothelium in vitro and in vivo using tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as proinflammatory agonist. ICAM-1 changes were evaluated by immunofluorescence, subcellular fractionation, immunoprecipitation, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ) activity and S-nitrosylation were evaluated by Western blot analysis and biotin switch method, respectively. TNF-α, at short times of stimulation, activated the eNOS S-nitrosylation pathway and caused leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. TNF-α-induced NO led to changes in ICAM-1 at the cell surface, which are characteristic of clustering. TNF-α-induced NO also produced S-nitrosylation and phosphorylation of PKCζ, association of PKCζ with ICAM-1, and ICAM-1 phosphorylation. The inhibition of PKCζ blocked leukocyte adhesion induced by TNF-α. Mass spectrometry analysis of purified PKCζ identified cysteine 503 as the only S-nitrosylated residue in the kinase domain of the protein. Our results reveal a new eNOS S-nitrosylation-dependent mechanism that induces leukocyte adhesion and suggests that S-nitrosylation of PKCζ may be an important regulatory step in early leukocyte adhesion in inflammation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Contrary to the well-established inhibitory role of NO in leukocyte adhesion, we demonstrate a positive role of nitric oxide in this process. We demonstrate that NO induced by eNOS after TNF-α treatment induces early leukocyte adhesion activating the S-nitrosylation pathway. Our data suggest that PKCζ S-nitrosylation may be a key step in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaynor Aguilar
- Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Francisco Córdova
- Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Tania Koning
- Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - José Sarmiento
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Mauricio P Boric
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Konstantin Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Soza
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natascha G Alves
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Patricio E Mujica
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Health and Natural Sciences, Mercy College, Dobbs Ferry, New York
| | - Walter N Durán
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fabiola A Sánchez
- Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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26
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Miles JA, Egan JL, Fowler JA, Machattou P, Millard AD, Perry CJ, Scanlan DJ, Taylor PC. The evolutionary origins of peroxynitrite signalling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 580:107-112. [PMID: 34638028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite is a reactive intermediate formed in vivo through uncatalysed reaction of superoxide and nitric oxide radicals. Despite significant interest in detecting peroxynitrite in vivo and understanding its production, little attention has been given to the evolutionary origins of peroxynitrite signalling. Herein we focus on two enzymes that are key to the biosynthesis of superoxide and nitric oxide, NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), respectively. Multiple sequence alignments of both enzymes including homologues from all domains of life, coupled with a phylogenetic analysis of NOX5, suggest eNOS and NOX5 are present in animals as the result of horizontal gene transfer from ancestral cyanobacteria to ancestral eukaryotes. Therefore, biochemical studies from other laboratories on a NOX5 homologue in Cylindrospermum stagnale and an eNOS homologue in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335 are likely to be of relevance to human NOX5 and eNOS and to the production of superoxide, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Miles
- School of Chemistry & Astbury Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Joseph L Egan
- School of Chemistry & Astbury Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jake A Fowler
- School of Chemistry & Astbury Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Petrina Machattou
- School of Chemistry & Astbury Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrew D Millard
- Dept. of Genome Biology & Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | | | - David J Scanlan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Paul C Taylor
- School of Chemistry & Astbury Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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27
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Lee LYH, Oldham WM, He H, Wang R, Mulhern R, Handy DE, Loscalzo J. Interferon-γ Impairs Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Glucose Metabolism by Tryptophan Catabolism and Activates Fatty Acid Oxidation. Circulation 2021; 144:1612-1628. [PMID: 34636650 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.053960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cells depend on glycolysis for much of their energy production. Impaired endothelial glycolysis has been associated with various vascular pathobiologies, including impaired angiogenesis and atherogenesis. IFN-γ (interferon-γ)-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes have been identified as the predominant pathological cell subsets in human atherosclerotic plaques. Although the immunologic consequences of these cells have been extensively evaluated, their IFN-γ-mediated metabolic effects on endothelial cells remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the metabolic consequences of the T-lymphocyte cytokine, IFN-γ, on human coronary artery endothelial cells. METHODS The metabolic effects of IFN-γ on primary human coronary artery endothelial cells were assessed by unbiased transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses combined with real-time extracellular flux analyses and molecular mechanistic studies. Cellular phenotypic correlations were made by measuring altered endothelial intracellular cGMP content, wound-healing capacity, and adhesion molecule expression. RESULTS IFN-γ exposure inhibited basal glycolysis of quiescent primary human coronary artery endothelial cells by 20% through the global transcriptional suppression of glycolytic enzymes resulting from decreased basal HIF1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1α) nuclear availability in normoxia. The decrease in HIF1α activity was a consequence of IFN-γ-induced tryptophan catabolism resulting in ARNT (aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator)/HIF1β sequestration by the kynurenine-activated AHR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor). In addition, IFN-γ resulted in a 23% depletion of intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in human coronary artery endothelial cells. This altered glucose metabolism was met with concomitant activation of fatty acid oxidation, which augmented its contribution to intracellular ATP balance by >20%. These metabolic derangements were associated with adverse endothelial phenotypic changes, including decreased basal intracellular cGMP, impaired endothelial migration, and a switch to a proinflammatory state. CONCLUSIONS IFN-γ impairs endothelial glucose metabolism by altered tryptophan catabolism destabilizing HIF1, depletes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and results in a metabolic shift toward increased fatty acid oxidation. This work suggests a novel mechanistic basis for pathological T lymphocyte-endothelial interactions in atherosclerosis mediated by IFN-γ, linking endothelial glucose, tryptophan, and fatty acid metabolism with the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide balance and ATP generation and their adverse endothelial functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel Yong-Hwa Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.Y.-H.L., H.H., R.W., R.M., D.E.H., J.L.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - William M Oldham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (W.M.O.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Huamei He
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.Y.-H.L., H.H., R.W., R.M., D.E.H., J.L.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ruisheng Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.Y.-H.L., H.H., R.W., R.M., D.E.H., J.L.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ryan Mulhern
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.Y.-H.L., H.H., R.W., R.M., D.E.H., J.L.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Diane E Handy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.Y.-H.L., H.H., R.W., R.M., D.E.H., J.L.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.Y.-H.L., H.H., R.W., R.M., D.E.H., J.L.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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28
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Catar R, Moll G, Kamhieh-Milz J, Luecht C, Chen L, Zhao H, Ernst L, Willy K, Girndt M, Fiedler R, Witowski J, Morawietz H, Ringdén O, Dragun D, Eckardt KU, Schindler R, Zickler D. Expanded Hemodialysis Therapy Ameliorates Uremia-Induced Systemic Microinflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction by Modulating VEGF, TNF-α and AP-1 Signaling. Front Immunol 2021; 12:774052. [PMID: 34858433 PMCID: PMC8632537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.774052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Systemic chronic microinflammation and altered cytokine signaling, with adjunct cardiovascular disease (CVD), endothelial maladaptation and dysfunction is common in dialysis patients suffering from end-stage renal disease and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. New hemodialysis filters might offer improvements. We here studied the impact of novel improved molecular cut-off hemodialysis filters on systemic microinflammation, uremia and endothelial dysfunction. Human endothelial cells (ECs) were incubated with uremic serum obtained from patients treated with two different hemodialysis regimens in the Permeability Enhancement to Reduce Chronic Inflammation (PERCI-II) crossover clinical trial, comparing High-Flux (HF) and Medium Cut-Off (MCO) membranes, and then assessed for their vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production and angiogenesis. Compared to HF membranes, dialysis with MCO membranes lead to a reduction in proinflammatory mediators and reduced endothelial VEGF production and angiogenesis. Cytokine multiplex screening identified tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily members as promising targets. The influence of TNF-α and its soluble receptors (sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2) on endothelial VEGF promoter activation, protein release, and the involved signaling pathways was analyzed, revealing that this detrimental signaling was indeed induced by TNF-α and mediated by AP-1/c-FOS signaling. In conclusion, uremic toxins, in particular TNF-signaling, promote endothelial maladaptation, VEGF expression and aberrant angiogenesis, which can be positively modulated by dialysis with novel MCO membranes. Translational Perspective and Graphical Abstract Systemic microinflammation, altered cytokine signaling, cardiovascular disease, and endothelial maladaptation/dysfunction are common clinical complications in dialysis patients suffering from end-stage renal disease. We studied the impact of novel improved medium-cut-off hemodialysis filters on uremia and endothelial dysfunction. We can show that uremic toxins, especially TNF-signaling, promote endothelial maladaptation, VEGF expression and aberrant angiogenesis, which can be positively modulated by dialysis with novel improved medium-cut-off membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusan Catar
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Moll
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Kamhieh-Milz
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Luecht
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hongfan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucas Ernst
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Willy
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Girndt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Roman Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Janusz Witowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olle Ringdén
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Duska Dragun
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Schindler
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Zickler
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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Jin YJ, Chennupati R, Li R, Liang G, Wang S, Iring A, Graumann J, Wettschureck N, Offermanns S. Protein kinase N2 mediates flow-induced endothelial NOS activation and vascular tone regulation. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e145734. [PMID: 34499618 DOI: 10.1172/jci145734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of NO by endothelial NOS (eNOS) is a central process in the homeostatic regulation of vascular functions including blood pressure regulation, and fluid shear stress exerted by the flowing blood is a main stimulus of eNOS activity. Previous work has identified several mechanosensing and -transducing processes in endothelial cells, which mediate this process and induce the stimulation of eNOS activity through phosphorylation of the enzyme via various kinases including AKT. How the initial mechanosensing and signaling processes are linked to eNOS phosphorylation is unclear. In human endothelial cells, we demonstrated that protein kinase N2 (PKN2), which is activated by flow through the mechanosensitive cation channel Piezo1 and Gq/G11-mediated signaling, as well as by Ca2+ and phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), plays a pivotal role in this process. Active PKN2 promoted the phosphorylation of human eNOS at serine 1177 and at a newly identified site, serine 1179. These phosphorylation events additively led to increased eNOS activity. PKN2-mediated eNOS phosphorylation at serine 1177 involved the phosphorylation of AKT synergistically with mTORC2-mediated AKT phosphorylation, whereas active PKN2 directly phosphorylated human eNOS at serine 1179. Mice with induced endothelium-specific deficiency of PKN2 showed strongly reduced flow-induced vasodilation and developed arterial hypertension accompanied by reduced eNOS activation. These results uncover a central mechanism that couples upstream mechanosignaling processes in endothelial cells to the regulation of eNOS-mediated NO formation, vascular tone, and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-June Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ramesh Chennupati
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Guozheng Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - ShengPeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Yanta District, Xi'an, China
| | - András Iring
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Scientific Service Group Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main Site, Frankfurt and Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main Site, Frankfurt and Bad Nauheim, Germany
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30
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Wee CL, Mokhtar SS, Banga Singh KK, Rasool AHG. Vitamin D deficiency attenuates endothelial function by reducing antioxidant activity and vascular eNOS expression in the rat microcirculation. Microvasc Res 2021; 138:104227. [PMID: 34324883 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of vitamin D deficiency on vascular function and tissue oxidative status in the microcirculation; and whether or not these effects can be ameliorated with calcitriol, the active vitamin D metabolite. Three groups (n = 10 each) of male Sprague Dawley rats were fed for 10 weeks with control diet (CR), vitamin D-deficient diet without (DR), or with oral calcitriol supplementation (0.15 μg/kg) for the last four weeks (DSR). After 10 weeks, rats were sacrificed; mesenteric arterial rings were studied using wire myograph. Oxidative stress biomarkers malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured in the mesenteric arterial tissue. Vascular protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was determined by Western blotting. Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of DR was lower than CR. eNOS expression and SOD activity were lower in mesenteric arterial tissue of DR compared to CR. Calcitriol supplementation to DSR did not ameliorate the above parameters; in fact, augmented endothelium-dependent contraction was observed. Serum calcium was higher in DSR compared to CR and DR. In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency impaired microvascular vasodilation, associated with eNOS downregulation and reduced antioxidant activity. Calcitriol supplementation to vitamin D-deficient rats at the dosage used augmented endothelium-dependent contraction, possibly due to hypercalcaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Lee Wee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Health Campus), 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Safiah Mokhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Health Campus), 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kirnpal Kaur Banga Singh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Health Campus), 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Health Campus), 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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31
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Secilmis M, Altun HY, Pilic J, Erdogan YC, Cokluk Z, Ata BN, Sevimli G, Zaki AG, Yigit EN, Öztürk G, Malli R, Eroglu E. A Co-Culture-Based Multiparametric Imaging Technique to Dissect Local H 2O 2 Signals with Targeted HyPer7. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:338. [PMID: 34562927 PMCID: PMC8466187 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Multispectral live-cell imaging is an informative approach that permits detecting biological processes simultaneously in the spatial and temporal domain by exploiting spectrally distinct biosensors. However, the combination of fluorescent biosensors with distinct spectral properties such as different sensitivities, and dynamic ranges can undermine accurate co-imaging of the same analyte in different subcellular locales. We advanced a single-color multiparametric imaging method, which allows simultaneous detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in multiple cell locales (nucleus, cytosol, mitochondria) using the H2O2 biosensor HyPer7. Co-culturing of endothelial cells stably expressing differentially targeted HyPer7 biosensors paved the way for co-imaging compartmentalized H2O2 signals simultaneously in neighboring cells in a single experimental setup. We termed this approach COMPARE IT, which is an acronym for co-culture-based multiparametric imaging technique. Employing this approach, we detected lower H2O2 levels in mitochondria of endothelial cells compared to the cell nucleus and cytosol under basal conditions. Upon administering exogenous H2O2, the cytosolic and nuclear-targeted probes displayed similarly slow and moderate HyPer7 responses, whereas the mitochondria-targeted HyPer7 signal plateaued faster and reached higher amplitudes. Our results indicate striking differences in mitochondrial H2O2 accumulation of endothelial cells. Here, we present the method's potential as a practicable and informative multiparametric live-cell imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Secilmis
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.S.); (H.Y.A.); (Y.C.E.); (Z.C.); (B.N.A.); (G.S.); (A.G.Z.)
| | - Hamza Yusuf Altun
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.S.); (H.Y.A.); (Y.C.E.); (Z.C.); (B.N.A.); (G.S.); (A.G.Z.)
| | - Johannes Pilic
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Yusuf Ceyhun Erdogan
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.S.); (H.Y.A.); (Y.C.E.); (Z.C.); (B.N.A.); (G.S.); (A.G.Z.)
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Zeynep Cokluk
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.S.); (H.Y.A.); (Y.C.E.); (Z.C.); (B.N.A.); (G.S.); (A.G.Z.)
| | - Busra Nur Ata
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.S.); (H.Y.A.); (Y.C.E.); (Z.C.); (B.N.A.); (G.S.); (A.G.Z.)
| | - Gulsah Sevimli
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.S.); (H.Y.A.); (Y.C.E.); (Z.C.); (B.N.A.); (G.S.); (A.G.Z.)
| | - Asal Ghaffari Zaki
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.S.); (H.Y.A.); (Y.C.E.); (Z.C.); (B.N.A.); (G.S.); (A.G.Z.)
| | - Esra Nur Yigit
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.N.Y.); (G.Ö.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gürkan Öztürk
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.N.Y.); (G.Ö.)
- Physiology Department, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Roland Malli
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Emrah Eroglu
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.S.); (H.Y.A.); (Y.C.E.); (Z.C.); (B.N.A.); (G.S.); (A.G.Z.)
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.N.Y.); (G.Ö.)
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
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32
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Angolano C, Kaczmarek E, Essayagh S, Daniel S, Choi LY, Tung B, Sauvage G, Lee A, Kipper FC, Arvelo MB, Moll HP, Ferran C. A20/TNFAIP3 Increases ENOS Expression in an ERK5/KLF2-Dependent Manner to Support Endothelial Cell Health in the Face of Inflammation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:651230. [PMID: 34026871 PMCID: PMC8138474 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.651230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Decreased expression and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in response to inflammatory and metabolic insults is the hallmark of endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction that preludes the development of atherosclerosis and hypertension. We previously reported the atheroprotective properties of the ubiquitin-editing and anti-inflammatory protein A20, also known as TNFAIP3, in part through interrupting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and interferon signaling in EC and protecting these cells from apoptosis. However, A20's effect on eNOS expression and function remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the impact of A20 overexpression or knockdown on eNOS expression in EC, at baseline and after tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment, used to mimic inflammation. Methods and Results: A20 overexpression in human coronary artery EC (HCAEC) significantly increased basal eNOS mRNA (qPCR) and protein (western blot) levels and prevented their downregulation by TNF. Conversely, siRNA-induced A20 knockdown decreased eNOS mRNA levels, identifying A20 as a physiologic regulator of eNOS expression. By reporter assays, using deletion and point mutants of the human eNOS promoter, and knockdown of eNOS transcriptional regulators, we demonstrated that A20-mediated increase of eNOS was transcriptional and relied on increased expression of the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor (KLF2), and upstream of KLF2, on activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5). Accordingly, ERK5 knockdown or inhibition significantly abrogated A20's ability to increase KLF2 and eNOS expression. In addition, A20 overexpression in HCAEC increased eNOS phosphorylation at Ser-1177, which is key for the function of this enzyme. Conclusions: This is the first report demonstrating that overexpression of A20 in EC increases eNOS transcription in an ERK5/KLF2-dependent manner and promotes eNOS activating phosphorylation. This effect withstands eNOS downregulation by TNF, preventing EC dysfunction in the face of inflammation. This novel function of A20 further qualifies its therapeutic promise to prevent/treat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleide Angolano
- The Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and the Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elzbieta Kaczmarek
- The Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and the Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sanah Essayagh
- The Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and the Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Soizic Daniel
- The Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and the Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lynn Y. Choi
- The Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and the Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brian Tung
- The Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and the Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gabriel Sauvage
- The Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and the Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andy Lee
- The Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and the Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Franciele C. Kipper
- The Division of Neurosurgery and the Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria B. Arvelo
- The Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and the Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Herwig P. Moll
- The Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and the Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christiane Ferran
- The Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and the Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Transplant Institute and the Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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33
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Singh RR, McArdle ZM, Booth LC, May CN, Head GA, Moritz KM, Schlaich MP, Denton KM. Increase in Bioavailability of Nitric Oxide After Renal Denervation Improves Kidney Function in Sheep With Hypertensive Kidney Disease. Hypertension 2021; 77:1299-1310. [PMID: 33641371 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetu R Singh
- From the Cardiovascular Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (R.R.S., Z.M.M., K.M.D.)
| | - Zoe M McArdle
- From the Cardiovascular Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (R.R.S., Z.M.M., K.M.D.)
| | - Lindsea C Booth
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (L.C.B., C.N.M.)
| | - Clive N May
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (L.C.B., C.N.M.)
| | - Geoff A Head
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (G.A.H., M.P.S.)
| | - Karen M Moritz
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (K.M.M.)
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (G.A.H., M.P.S.).,and Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Australia (M.P.S.)
| | - Kate M Denton
- From the Cardiovascular Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (R.R.S., Z.M.M., K.M.D.)
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34
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Zhou Q, Tu T, Tai S, Tang L, Yang H, Zhu Z. Endothelial specific deletion of HMGB1 increases blood pressure and retards ischemia recovery through eNOS and ROS pathway in mice. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101890. [PMID: 33582562 PMCID: PMC7887649 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated HMGB1, an extracellular inflammation molecule, played an important role on endothelial cells. This study aimed to define the role and related mechanism of HMGB1 in endothelial cells. Endothelial-specific deletion of HMGB1(HMGB1ECKO) was generated and Akt/eNOS signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, endothelium dependent relaxation (EDR), and angiogenesis were determined in vitro and in vivo. Decreased activation of Akt/eNOS signaling, sprouting, and proliferation, and increased ROS production were evidenced in endothelial cells derived from HMGB1ECKO mice as compared with wild type controls. Decreased EDR and retarded blood flow recovery after hind limb ischemia were also demonstrated in HMGB1ECKO mice. Both impaired EDR and angiogenesis could be partly rescued by superoxide dismutase in HMGB1ECKO mice. In conclusion, intracellular HMGB1 might be a key regulator of endothelial Akt/eNOS pathway and ROS production, thus plays an important role in EDR regulation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Cardiovascular Department, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Tu
- Cardiovascular Department, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shi Tai
- Cardiovascular Department, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Cardiovascular Department, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Cardiovascular Department, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaowei Zhu
- Cardiovascular Department, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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35
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Endothelial Dysfunction Following Enhanced TMEM16A Activity in Human Pulmonary Arteries. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091984. [PMID: 32872351 PMCID: PMC7563136 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of different vascular diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Ion channelome changes have long been connected to vascular remodeling in PAH, yet only recently has the focus shifted towards Ca2+-activated Cl− channels (CaCC). The most prominent member of the CaCC TMEM16A has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic PAH (IPAH) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, however its role in the homeostasis of healthy human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) and in the development of endothelial dysfunction remains underrepresented. Here we report enhanced TMEM16A activity in IPAH PAECs by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Using adenoviral-mediated TMEM16A increase in healthy primary human PAECs in vitro and in human pulmonary arteries ex vivo, we demonstrate the functional consequences of the augmented TMEM16A activity: alterations of Ca2+ dynamics and eNOS activity as well as decreased NO production, PAECs proliferation, wound healing, tube formation and acetylcholine-mediated relaxation of human pulmonary arteries. We propose that the ERK1/2 pathway is specifically affected by elevated TMEM16A activity, leading to these pathological changes. With this work we introduce increased TMEM16A activity in the cell membrane of human PAECs for the development of endothelial dysfunction in PAH.
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36
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Eroglu E, Michel T, Graier WF, Malli R. Yes (again) to local NO. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:606-607. [PMID: 32444837 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Eroglu
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Orhanli-Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.,Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Orhanli-Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Thomas Michel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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37
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Huang J, Cai C, Zheng T, Wu X, Wang D, Zhang K, Xu B, Yan R, Gong H, Zhang J, Shi Y, Xu Z, Zhang X, Zhang X, Shang T, Zhou J, Guo X, Zeng C, Lai EY, Xiao C, Chen J, Wan S, Liu WH, Ke Y, Cheng H. Endothelial Scaffolding Protein ENH (Enigma Homolog Protein) Promotes PHLPP2 (Pleckstrin Homology Domain and Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein Phosphatase 2)-Mediated Dephosphorylation of AKT1 and eNOS (Endothelial NO Synthase) Promoting Vascular Remodeling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1705-1721. [PMID: 32268790 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A decrease in nitric oxide, leading to vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, is a common pathological feature of vascular proliferative diseases. Nitric oxide synthesis by eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) is precisely regulated by protein kinases including AKT1. ENH (enigma homolog protein) is a scaffolding protein for multiple protein kinases, but whether it regulates eNOS activation and vascular remodeling remains unknown. Approach and Results: ENH was upregulated in injured mouse arteries and human atherosclerotic plaques and was associated with coronary artery disease. Neointima formation in carotid arteries, induced by ligation or wire injury, was greatly decreased in endothelium-specific ENH-knockout mice. Vascular ligation reduced AKT and eNOS phosphorylation and nitric oxide production in the endothelium of control but not ENH-knockout mice. ENH was found to interact with AKT1 and its phosphatase PHLPP2 (pleckstrin homology domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 2). AKT and eNOS activation were prolonged in VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-induced ENH- or PHLPP2-deficient endothelial cells. Inhibitors of either AKT or eNOS effectively restored ligation-induced neointima formation in ENH-knockout mice. Moreover, endothelium-specific PHLPP2-knockout mice displayed reduced ligation-induced neointima formation. Finally, PHLPP2 was increased in the endothelia of human atherosclerotic plaques and blood cells from patients with coronary artery disease. CONCLUSIONS ENH forms a complex with AKT1 and its phosphatase PHLPP2 to negatively regulate AKT1 activation in the artery endothelium. AKT1 deactivation, a decrease in nitric oxide generation, and subsequent neointima formation induced by vascular injury are mediated by ENH and PHLPP2. ENH and PHLPP2 are thus new proatherosclerotic factors that could be therapeutically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Huang
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (J.H., K.Z., H.C.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changhong Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China. (C.C., C.Z.)
| | - Tianyu Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (T.Z., X. Wu, R.Y., Y.S., Z.X., X.Z., Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (T.Z., X. Wu, R.Y., Y.S., Z.X., X.Z., Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongfei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (D.W., X.G.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaijie Zhang
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (J.H., K.Z., H.C.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bocheng Xu
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (B.X.)
| | - Ruochen Yan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (T.Z., X. Wu, R.Y., Y.S., Z.X., X.Z., Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University, China (H.G.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (J. Zhang), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueli Shi
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (T.Z., X. Wu, R.Y., Y.S., Z.X., X.Z., Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (T.Z., X. Wu, R.Y., Y.S., Z.X., X.Z., Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (T.Z., X. Wu, R.Y., Y.S., Z.X., X.Z., Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (X. Zhang)
| | - Tao Shang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital (T.S.)
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (J. Zhou)
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (D.W., X.G.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunlai Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China. (C.C., C.Z.)
| | - En Yin Lai
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (E.Y.L.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changchun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, China (C.X., W.-H.L.).,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.X.)
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Medicine and Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.C.)
| | - Shu Wan
- Brain Center of Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China (S.W.)
| | - Wen-Hsien Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, China (C.X., W.-H.L.)
| | - Yuehai Ke
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (T.Z., X. Wu, R.Y., Y.S., Z.X., X.Z., Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongqiang Cheng
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (J.H., K.Z., H.C.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (H.C.)
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