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Wang F, Huynh PM, An YA. Mitochondrial Function and Dysfunction in White Adipocytes and Therapeutic Implications. Compr Physiol 2024; 14:5581-5640. [PMID: 39382163 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c230009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
For a long time, white adipocytes were thought to function as lipid storages due to the sizeable unilocular lipid droplet that occupies most of their space. However, recent discoveries have highlighted the critical role of white adipocytes in maintaining energy homeostasis and contributing to obesity and related metabolic diseases. These physiological and pathological functions depend heavily on the mitochondria that reside in white adipocytes. This article aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the recent research on the function and dysfunction of white adipocyte mitochondria. After briefly summarizing the fundamental aspects of mitochondrial biology, the article describes the protective role of functional mitochondria in white adipocyte and white adipose tissue health and various roles of dysfunctional mitochondria in unhealthy white adipocytes and obesity. Finally, the article emphasizes the importance of enhancing mitochondrial quantity and quality as a therapeutic avenue to correct mitochondrial dysfunction, promote white adipocyte browning, and ultimately improve obesity and its associated metabolic diseases. © 2024 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 14:5581-5640, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Phu M Huynh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yu A An
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, McGovern Medical School, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Kirad S, Puri S, Deepa PR, Sankaranarayanan M. An insight into advances and challenges in the development of potential stearoyl Co-A desaturase 1 inhibitors. RSC Adv 2024; 14:30487-30517. [PMID: 39318456 PMCID: PMC11421311 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra06237j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is one of the key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, plays a vital role in the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) from saturated fatty acids (SFAs). Due to its promising therapeutic potential in treating metabolic disorders, cancers, and skin diseases there is an increasing interest in the development of novel inhibitors against SCD1. This review comprehensively explores the evolution of potential SCD1 inhibitors, focusing on systemic and liver-targeted inhibitors and discusses their structure-activity relationship (SAR) pattern. Among the various small molecules reported, natural products like sterculic acid have emerged as significant SCD1 inhibitors, highlighting the potential of naturally derived compounds in therapeutic development. This review also addresses the challenges in optimizing pharmacokinetic properties and reducing adverse effects, providing insights into the future directions for the development of potential novel SCD1 inhibitors with maximum therapeutic effect and minimum side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Kirad
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Pilani Campus Pilani-333031 Rajasthan India
| | - Sonakshi Puri
- Biochemistry and Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Pilani Campus Pilani-333031 Rajasthan India
| | - P R Deepa
- Biochemistry and Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Pilani Campus Pilani-333031 Rajasthan India
| | - Murugesan Sankaranarayanan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Pilani Campus Pilani-333031 Rajasthan India
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Jiang X, Liu K, Luo P, Li Z, Xiao F, Jiang H, Wu S, Tang M, Yuan F, Li X, Shu Y, Peng B, Chen S, Ni S, Guo F. Hypothalamic SLC7A14 accounts for aging-reduced lipolysis in white adipose tissue of male mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7948. [PMID: 39261456 PMCID: PMC11391058 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system has been implicated in the age-induced reduction in adipose tissue lipolysis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show the expression of SLC7A14 is reduced in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons of aged mice. Overexpression of SLC7A14 in POMC neurons alleviates the aging-reduced lipolysis, whereas SLC7A14 deletion mimics the age-induced lipolysis impairment. Metabolomics analysis reveals that POMC SLC7A14 increased taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) content, which mediates the SLC7A14 knockout- or age-induced WAT lipolysis impairment. Furthermore, SLC7A14-increased TCDCA content is dependent on intestinal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), which is regulated by intestinal sympathetic afferent nerves. Finally, SLC7A14 regulates the intestinal sympathetic afferent nerves by inhibiting mTORC1 signaling through inhibiting TSC1 phosphorylation. Collectively, our study suggests the function for central SLC7A14 and an upstream mechanism for the mTORC1 signaling pathway. Moreover, our data provides insights into the brain-gut-adipose tissue crosstalk in age-induced lipolysis impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Jiang
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Peixiang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haizhou Jiang
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shangming Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Min Tang
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feixiang Yuan
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yousheng Shu
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shanghai Chen
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shihong Ni
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feifan Guo
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Lee J, Ustione A, Wilkerson EM, Balakrishnan R, Thurmond DC, Goldfarb D, Piston DW. Insulin-Independent Regulation of Type 1 Diabetes via Brown Adipocyte-Secreted Proteins and the Novel Glucagon Regulator Nidogen-2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.30.610490. [PMID: 39257771 PMCID: PMC11383990 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.30.610490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Current treatments for type 1 diabetes (T1D) focus on insulin replacement. We demonstrate the therapeutic potential of a secreted protein fraction from embryonic brown adipose tissue (BAT), independent of insulin. The large molecular weight secreted fraction mediates insulin receptor-dependent recovery of euglycemia in a T1D animal model, nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, by suppressing glucagon secretion. This fraction also promotes white adipocyte differentiation and browning, maintains healthy BAT, and enhances glucose uptake in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver. From this fraction, we identify nidogen-2 as a critical BAT-secreted protein that reverses hyperglycemia in NOD mice, inhibits glucagon secretion from pancreatic α-cells, and mimics other actions of the entire secreted fraction. These findings confirm that BAT transplants affect physiology and demonstrate that BAT-secreted peptides represent a novel therapeutic approach to diabetes management. Furthermore, our research reveals a novel signaling role for nidogen-2, beyond its traditional classification as an extracellular matrix protein. HIGHLIGHTS The large molecular weight brown adipocyte-secreted protein fraction suppresses glucagon secretion and normalizes glycemia in mouse models of type 1 diabetes (T1D), independent of insulin, offering a novel therapeutic strategy for disease management.Nidogen-2, a critical component of this fraction, is identified as an inhibitor of glucagon secretion in pancreatic α-cells by regulating intracellular messenger activities.The large-secreted protein fraction prevents T1D-related whitening of brown adipose tissue, promotes adipocyte differentiation, and enhances browning of inguinal white adipose tissue.This fraction enhances glucose uptake in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver through an insulin receptor-dependent pathway.
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Wolosiewicz M, Balatskyi VV, Duda MK, Filip A, Ntambi JM, Navrulin VO, Dobrzyn P. SCD4 deficiency decreases cardiac steatosis and prevents cardiac remodeling in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100612. [PMID: 39094772 PMCID: PMC11402454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is a lipogenic enzyme that catalyzes formation of the first double bond in the carbon chain of saturated fatty acids. Four isoforms of SCD have been identified in mice, the most poorly characterized of which is SCD4, which is cardiac-specific. In the present study, we investigated the role of SCD4 in systemic and cardiac metabolism. We used WT and global SCD4 KO mice that were fed standard laboratory chow or a high-fat diet (HFD). SCD4 deficiency reduced body adiposity and decreased hyperinsulinemia and hypercholesterolemia in HFD-fed mice. The loss of SCD4 preserved heart morphology in the HFD condition. Lipid accumulation decreased in the myocardium in SCD4-deficient mice and in HL-1 cardiomyocytes with knocked out Scd4 expression. This was associated with an increase in the rate of lipolysis and, more specifically, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) activity. Possible mechanisms of ATGL activation by SCD4 deficiency include lower protein levels of the ATGL inhibitor G0/G1 switch protein 2 and greater activation by protein kinase A under lipid overload conditions. Moreover, we observed higher intracellular Ca2+ levels in HL-1 cells with silenced Scd4 expression. This may explain the activation of protein kinase A in response to higher Ca2+ levels. Additionally, the loss of SCD4 inhibited mitochondrial enlargement, NADH overactivation, and reactive oxygen species overproduction in the heart in HFD-fed mice. In conclusion, SCD4 deficiency activated lipolysis, resulting in a reduction of cardiac steatosis, prevented the induction of left ventricular hypertrophy, and reduced reactive oxygen species levels in the heart in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wolosiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Volodymyr V Balatskyi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika K Duda
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Filip
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - James M Ntambi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Viktor O Navrulin
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Dobrzyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Ding Y, Chen QB, Xu H, Adi D, Ding YW, Luo WJ, Zhu WZ, Xu JC, Zhao X, Shi XJ, Luo J, Yin H, Lu XY. siRNA nanoparticle targeting Usp20 lowers lipid levels and ameliorates metabolic syndrome in mice. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100626. [PMID: 39173829 PMCID: PMC11418111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is closely correlated with elevated low density lipoprotein-cholesterol. In feeding state, glucose and insulin activate mammalian target of rapamycin 1 that phosphorylates the deubiquitylase ubiquitin-specific peptidase 20 (USP20). USP20 then stabilizes HMG-CoA reductase, thereby increasing lipid biosynthesis. In this study, we applied clinically approved lipid nanoparticles to encapsulate the siRNA targeting Usp20. We demonstrated that silencing of hepatic Usp20 by siRNA decreased body weight, improved insulin sensitivity, and increased energy expenditure through elevating UCP1. In Ldlr-/- mice, silencing Usp20 by siRNA decreased lipid levels and prevented atherosclerosis. This study suggests that the RNAi-based therapy targeting hepatic Usp20 has a translational potential to treat metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu-Bing Chen
- Department of Urology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dilare Adi
- Heart Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yi-Wen Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Jun Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Zhuo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Chen Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong-Jie Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Urology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Wang F, Feng J, Yao M, Dou L, Nan S, Pang X, Nie C. Dietary succinate reduces fat deposition through gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103954. [PMID: 38909508 PMCID: PMC11253672 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Succinate has been shown to be a potentially beneficial nutritional supplement with a diverse range of physiological functions. However, it remains unknown whether succinate supplementation regulates lipid metabolism in chickens. The aim of this study was to explore how succinate affects fat deposition and the underlying mechanism involved in broilers and to determine the most appropriate level of succinate supplementation in the diet. A total of 640 one-day-old male yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 replicates and 20 broilers per replicate. A basal diet was provided to the control group (CON). The experimental broilers were fed diets containing 0.2% (L), 0.4% (M), or 0.6% (H) succinate and the study was lasted for 21 d. The linear (l) and quadratic (q) effects of succinate addition were determined. The results indicated that supplementation with 0.4% succinate reduced ADFI, serum triglycerides (l, q; P < 0.05), glucose (q; P < 0.05), and increased high-density lipidprotein cholesterol (l, q; P < 0.05) concentrations in broilers. Moreover, 0.4% succinate affects lipid metabolism by decreasing the abdominal fat percentage and adipocyte surface area, the expression of genes that promote liposynthesis in the abdominal fat and liver, as well as increasing the expression of genes that promote lipolysis in the abdominal fat and liver. In addition, increased cecal propionic acid content (q, P < 0.05) was found in the M group compared to the CON group. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that group M altered cecum microbial composition by increasing the abundance of genera such as Blautia and Sellimonas (P < 0.05). LC-MS metabolomic analysis revealed that the differential metabolites between the M and CON groups were enriched in amino acid-related pathways. In conclusion, the optimum level of succinate added to broiler diets in the present study was 0.4%. Succinate can potentially reduce fat accumulation in broilers by modulating the composition of the gut flora and amino acid metabolism related to lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Jiaqi Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Min Yao
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Lijing Dou
- Animal Husbandry and veterinary workstation of the 8th Division, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Shanshan Nan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Xiaotong Pang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Cunxi Nie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China;.
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Zhang D, Xu D, Zhang W, Zhang J, Sun T, Weng D. Low doses of acetyl trihexyl citrate plasticizer promote adipogenesis in hepatocytes and mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:51593-51603. [PMID: 39115733 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating epidemiological evidence underscores the association between pervasive environmental factors and an increased risk of metabolic diseases. Environmental chemicals, recognized disruptors of endocrine and metabolic processes, may contribute to the global prevalence of metabolic disorders, including obesity. Acetyl tributyl citrate (ATHC), categorized as a citric acid ester plasticizer, serves as a substitute for di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in various everyday products. Despite its widespread use and the increasing risk of exposure in humans and animals due to its high leakage rates, information regarding the safety of exposure to environmentally relevant doses of ATHC remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the potential impact of ATHC exposure on metabolic homeostasis. Both in vivo and in vitro exposure models were used to characterize the effects induced by ATHC exposure. C57BL/6 J male mice were subjected to a diet containing ATHC for 12 weeks, and metabolism-related parameters were monitored and analyzed throughout and after the exposure period. Results indicated that sub-chronic dietary exposure to ATHC induced an increase in body fat percentage, elevated serum lipid levels, and increased lipid content in the liver tissue of mice. Furthermore, the effect of ATHC exposure on murine hepatocytes were examined and results indicated that ATHC significantly augmented lipid levels in AML12 hepatocytes, disrupting energy homeostasis and altering the expression of genes associated with fatty acid synthesis, uptake, oxidation, and secretion pathways. Conclusively, both in vivo and in vitro results suggest that exposure to low levels of ATHC may be linked to an elevated risk of obesity and fatty liver in mice. The potential implications of ATHC on human health warrant comprehensive evaluation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Zhang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Di Xu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Weigao Zhang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Tingzhe Sun
- School of Life Sciences, the Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246133, Anhui, China
| | - Dan Weng
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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9
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Mori H, Peterson SK, Simmermon RC, Overmyer KA, Nishii A, Paulsson E, Li Z, Jen A, Uranga RM, Maung JN, Yacawych WT, Lewis KT, Schill RL, Hetrick T, Seino R, Inoki K, Coon JJ, MacDougald OA. Scd1 and monounsaturated lipids are required for autophagy and survival of adipocytes. Mol Metab 2024; 83:101916. [PMID: 38492843 PMCID: PMC10975504 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure of adipocytes to 'cool' temperatures often found in the periphery of the body induces expression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 (Scd1), an enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids. The goal of this study is to further investigate the roles of Scd in adipocytes. METHOD In this study, we employed Scd1 knockout cells and mouse models, along with pharmacological Scd1 inhibition to dissect the enzyme's function in adipocyte physiology. RESULTS Our study reveals that production of monounsaturated lipids by Scd1 is necessary for fusion of autophagosomes to lysosomes and that with a Scd1-deficiency, autophagosomes accumulate. In addition, Scd1-deficiency impairs lysosomal and autolysosomal acidification resulting in vacuole accumulation and eventual cell death. Blocking autophagosome formation or supplementation with monounsaturated fatty acids maintains vitality of Scd1-deficient adipocytes. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the indispensable role of Scd1 in adipocyte survival, with its inhibition in vivo triggering autophagy-dependent cell death and its depletion in vivo leading to the loss of bone marrow adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Sydney K Peterson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rachel C Simmermon
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine A Overmyer
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Akira Nishii
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emma Paulsson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ziru Li
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Annie Jen
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Romina M Uranga
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jessica N Maung
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Warren T Yacawych
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth T Lewis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rebecca L Schill
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Taryn Hetrick
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ryo Seino
- Dojindo Molecular Technologies, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ken Inoki
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Gómez-Hernández A, de las Heras N, Gálvez BG, Fernández-Marcelo T, Fernández-Millán E, Escribano Ó. New Mediators in the Crosstalk between Different Adipose Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4659. [PMID: 38731880 PMCID: PMC11083914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a multifunctional organ that regulates many physiological processes such as energy homeostasis, nutrition, the regulation of insulin sensitivity, body temperature, and immune response. In this review, we highlight the relevance of the different mediators that control adipose tissue activity through a systematic review of the main players present in white and brown adipose tissues. Among them, inflammatory mediators secreted by the adipose tissue, such as classical adipokines and more recent ones, elements of the immune system infiltrated into the adipose tissue (certain cell types and interleukins), as well as the role of intestinal microbiota and derived metabolites, have been reviewed. Furthermore, anti-obesity mediators that promote the activation of beige adipose tissue, e.g., myokines, thyroid hormones, amino acids, and both long and micro RNAs, are exhaustively examined. Finally, we also analyze therapeutic strategies based on those mediators that have been described to date. In conclusion, novel regulators of obesity, such as microRNAs or microbiota, are being characterized and are promising tools to treat obesity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Gómez-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Natalia de las Heras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Beatriz G. Gálvez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Tamara Fernández-Marcelo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Elisa Fernández-Millán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Escribano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Zhai X, Dang L, Wang S, Li W, Sun C. Effects of Succinate on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Lipid Synthesis in Bama Miniature Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:999. [PMID: 38612238 PMCID: PMC11011074 DOI: 10.3390/ani14070999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Succinate, one of the intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is now recognized to play a role in a broad range of physiological and pathophysiological settings, but its role in adipogenesis is unclear. Our study used Bama miniature pigs as a model to explore the effects of succinate on performance, meat quality, and fat formation. The results showed that adding 1% succinate significantly increased the average daily gain, feed/gain ratio, eye muscle area, and body fat content (p < 0.05), but had no effect on feed intake. Further meat quality analysis showed that succinate increased the marbling score and intramuscular fat content of longissimus dorsi muscle (LM), while decreasing the shear force and the cross-sectional area of LM (p < 0.05). Metabolomics analysis of LM revealed that succinate reshaped levels of fatty acids, triglycerides, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids in LM. Succinate promotes adipogenic differentiation in porcine primary preadipocytes. Finally, dietary succinate supplementation increased succinylation modification rather than acetylation modification in the adipose tissue pool. This study elucidated the effects of succinate on the growth and meat quality of pigs and its mechanism of action and provided a reference for the role of succinate in the nutrition and metabolism of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.Z.); (L.D.); (S.W.)
| | - Liping Dang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.Z.); (L.D.); (S.W.)
| | - Shiyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.Z.); (L.D.); (S.W.)
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Yuanyang County, Xinxiang 453000, China;
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.Z.); (L.D.); (S.W.)
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12
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Reddy A, Winther S, Tran N, Xiao H, Jakob J, Garrity R, Smith A, Ordonez M, Laznik-Bogoslavski D, Rothstein JD, Mills EL, Chouchani ET. Monocarboxylate transporters facilitate succinate uptake into brown adipocytes. Nat Metab 2024; 6:567-577. [PMID: 38378996 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-00981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Uptake of circulating succinate by brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige fat elevates whole-body energy expenditure, counteracts obesity and antagonizes systemic tissue inflammation in mice. The plasma membrane transporters that facilitate succinate uptake in these adipocytes remain undefined. Here we elucidate a mechanism underlying succinate import into BAT via monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). We show that succinate transport is strongly dependent on the proportion that is present in the monocarboxylate form. MCTs facilitate monocarboxylate succinate uptake, which is promoted by alkalinization of the cytosol driven by adrenoreceptor stimulation. In brown adipocytes, we show that MCT1 primarily facilitates succinate import. In male mice, we show that both acute pharmacological inhibition of MCT1 and congenital depletion of MCT1 decrease succinate uptake into BAT and consequent catabolism. In sum, we define a mechanism of succinate uptake in BAT that underlies its protective activity in mouse models of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Reddy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sally Winther
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nhien Tran
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haopeng Xiao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josefine Jakob
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Garrity
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arianne Smith
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha Ordonez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey D Rothstein
- Brain Science Institute, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Evanna L Mills
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward T Chouchani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Liu Z, Zhu S, Zhao Z, Tang S, Tan J, Xue C, Tang Q, Liu F, Li X, Chen J, Lu H, Luo W. SCD1 sustains brown fat sympathetic innervation and thermogenesis during the long-term cold exposure. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 696:149493. [PMID: 38219486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Brown fat adipose tissue (BAT) is a therapeutic potential target to improve obesity, diabetes and cold acclimation in mammals. During the long-term cold exposure, the hyperplastic sympathetic network is crucial for BAT the maintain the highly thermogenic status. It has been proved that the sympathetic nervous drives the thermogenic activity of BAT via the release of norepinephrine. However, it is still unclear that how the thermogenic BAT affects the remodeling of the hyperplastic sympathetic network, especially during the long-term cold exposure. Here, we showed that following long-term cold exposure, SCD1-mediated monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway was enriched, and the ratios of monounsaturated/saturated fatty acids were significantly up-regulated in BAT. And SCD1-deficiency in BAT decreased the capacity of cold acclimation, and suppressed long-term cold mediated BAT thermogenic activation. Furthermore, by using thermoneutral exposure and sympathetic nerve excision models, we disclosed that SCD1-deficiency in BAT affected the thermogenic activity, depended on sympathetic nerve. In mechanism, SCD1-deficiency resulted in the unbalanced ratio of palmitic acid (PA)/palmitoleic acid (PO), with obviously higher level of PA and lower level of PO. And PO supplement efficiently reversed the inhibitory role of SCD1-deficiency on BAT thermogenesis and the hyperplastic sympathetic network. Thus, our data provided insight into the role of SCD1-mediated monounsaturated fatty acids metabolism to the interaction between thermogenic activity BAT and hyperplastic sympathetic networks, and illustrated the critical role of monounsaturated fatty acids biosynthetic pathway in cold acclimation during the long-term cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongcai Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sijin Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyu Tan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chong Xue
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qijia Tang
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fengshuo Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huanyu Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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14
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Yu C, Wang D, Shen C, Luo Z, Zhang H, Zhang J, Xu W, Xu J. Remodeling of Hepatic Glucose Metabolism in Response to Early Weaning in Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:190. [PMID: 38254359 PMCID: PMC10812452 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in hepatic glucose metabolism in response to early weaning. A total of 60 piglets were randomly selected and weaned at 21 days old. Six piglets were slaughtered on the weaning day (d0) and at 1 (d1), 4 (d4), 7 (d7), and 14 (d14) days postweaning. The results illustrated that body weight significantly increased from d4 to d14 (p < 0.001). Serum glucose fell sharply after weaning and then remained at a low level from d1 to d14 (p < 0.001). Serum insulin decreased from d4 (p < 0.001), which caused hepatic glycogen to be broken down (p = 0.007). The glucose-6-phosphatase activity increased from d0 to d4 and then decreased from d4 to d14 (p = 0.039). The pyruvate carboxylase activity presented a significant sustained increase from d0 to d14 (p < 0.001). The succinate (p = 0.006) and oxaloacetate (p = 0.003) content on d4 was lower than that on d0. The succinate dehydrogenase activity (p = 0.008) and ATP (p = 0.016) production decreased significantly on d4 compared to that on d0. Taken together, these findings reveal the dynamic changes of metabolites and enzymes related to hepatic glycometabolism and the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle in piglets after weaning. Our findings enrich weaning stress theory and might provide a reference for dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianxiong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Veterinary and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (C.Y.)
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15
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Lin L, Hu M, Li Q, Du L, Lin L, Xue Y, Zheng F, Wang F, Liu K, Wang Y, Ye J, Jiang X, Wang X, Wang J, Zhai J, Liu B, Xie H, You Y, Wang J, Kong X, Feng D, Green DR, Shi Y, Wang Y. Oleic acid availability impacts thymocyte preprogramming and subsequent peripheral T reg cell differentiation. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:54-65. [PMID: 38062135 PMCID: PMC10918613 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The nature of activation signals is essential in determining T cell subset differentiation; however, the features that determine T cell subset preference acquired during intrathymic development remain elusive. Here we show that naive CD4+ T cells generated in the mouse thymic microenvironment lacking Scd1, encoding the enzyme catalyzing oleic acid (OA) production, exhibit enhanced regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation and attenuated development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Scd1 deletion in K14+ thymic epithelia recapitulated the enhanced Treg cell differentiation phenotype of Scd1-deficient mice. The dearth of OA permitted DOT1L to increase H3K79me2 levels at the Atp2a2 locus of thymocytes at the DN2-DN3 transition stage. Such epigenetic modification persisted in naive CD4+ T cells and facilitated Atp2a2 expression. Upon T cell receptor activation, ATP2A2 enhanced the activity of the calcium-NFAT1-Foxp3 axis to promote naive CD4+ T cells to differentiate into Treg cells. Therefore, OA availability is critical for preprogramming thymocytes with Treg cell differentiation propensities in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyuan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqing Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanjun Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Keli Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayin Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjie Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Benming Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhen Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqin You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyin Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dechun Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yufang Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Sun Q, Xing X, Wang H, Wan K, Fan R, Liu C, Wang Y, Wu W, Wang Y, Wang R. SCD1 is the critical signaling hub to mediate metabolic diseases: Mechanism and the development of its inhibitors. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115586. [PMID: 38042113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, featured with dysregulated energy homeostasis, have become major global health challenges. Patients with metabolic diseases have high probability to manifest multiple complications in lipid metabolism, e.g. obesity, insulin resistance and fatty liver. Therefore, targeting the hub genes in lipid metabolism may systemically ameliorate the metabolic diseases, along with the complications. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1(SCD1) is a key enzyme that desaturates the saturated fatty acids (SFAs) derived from de novo lipogenesis or diet to generate monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). SCD1 maintains the metabolic and tissue homeostasis by responding to, and integrating the multiple layers of endogenous stimuli, which is mediated by the synthesized MUFAs. It critically regulates a myriad of physiological processes, including energy homeostasis, development, autophagy, tumorigenesis and inflammation. Aberrant transcriptional and epigenetic activation of SCD1 regulates AMPK/ACC, SIRT1/PGC1α, NcDase/Wnt, etc, and causes aberrant lipid accumulation, thereby promoting the progression of obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver, diabetes and cancer. This review critically assesses the integrative mechanisms of the (patho)physiological functions of SCD1 in metabolic homeostasis, inflammation and autophagy. For translational perspective, potent SCD1 inhibitors have been developed to treat various types of cancer. We thus discuss the multidisciplinary advances that greatly accelerate the development of SCD1 new inhibitors. In conclusion, besides cancer treatment, SCD1 may serve as the promising target to combat multiple metabolic complications simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Sun
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaorui Xing
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Kang Wan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruobing Fan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yongjian Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wenyi Wu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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17
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Ji T, Fang B, Zhang M, Liu Y. Succinate Enhances Lipolysis and Decreases Adipocytes Size in Both Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue from High-Fat-Diet-Fed Obese Mice. Foods 2023; 12:4285. [PMID: 38231706 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for many chronic diseases related to the overexpansion of adipose tissue during obesity, leading to metabolic dysfunction and ectopic lipids. Previous studies reported a close relationship between succinate and obesity and its co-morbidities, and studies have also reported on its anti-obesity potential. To confirm its efficacy in obesity interventions, we supplemented mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet with succinate (1.5% m/v in drinking water) for 11 weeks without changing the diet. After succinate supplementation, the changes in body weight, adipose tissue deposition, glucose tolerance, energy expenditure and lipid metabolism were evaluated. It was found that succinate supplementation significantly decreased subcutaneous adipose tissue (HFD: 4239.3 ± 211.2 mg; HFD-SA: 3268.9 ± 265.7 mg. p < 0.05), triglyceride contents (decreased by 1.53 mmol/g and 0.39 mmol/g in eWAT and ingWAT, respectively, p < 0.05) and NEFA (decreased by 1.41 μmol/g and 1.31 μmol/g in eWAT and ingWAT, respectively, p < 0.05). The adipocytes' sizes all significantly decreased in both subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (the proportion of adipocytes with diameters larger than 100 μm in eWAT and ingWAT decreased by 16.83% and 11.96%, respectively. p < 0.05). Succinate significantly enhanced lipolysis in adipose tissue (eWAT: Adrb3, Hsl and Plin1; ingWAT: Hsl and CPT1a; p < 0.05), whereas the expression of lipogenesis-related genes remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Succinate supplementation also enhanced the activity of BAT by stimulating the expression of Ucp1 and Cidea (p < 0.05). Our results reported that succinate has a potential beneficial effect on obesity pathogenesis but cannot efficiently decrease bodyweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Food Science and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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18
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Zeng N, Zhang N, Wang D, Long J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Pu F, Li Z, Baloch FB, Li B. Regulation of cell differentiation to promote pullulan synthesis in Aureobasidium pullulans NG. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6761-6773. [PMID: 37698607 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12758-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Pullulan is a polymer produced by Aureobasidium spp. The yield of pullulan production can be impacted by the cellular differentiation of Aureobasidium spp., which changes with alterations in the growth environment. To improve pullulan yield, identifying key factors that regulate cellular differentiation is crucial. In this study, the main form of pullulan synthesis in Aureobasidium pullulans NG was through swollen cells (SC). The results showed that citric acid (CA) can regulate the cellular differentiation of Aureobasidium pullulans NG by accumulating higher levels of CA in the cells to maintain growth in SC form and increase pullulan production. The addition of 1.0% CA to Aureobasidium pullulans NG for 96 h resulted in a significant increase in pullulan production, producing 18.32 g/l compared to the control group which produced 10.23 g/l. Our findings suggest that controlling cellular differentiation using CA is a promising approach for enhancing pullulan production in Aureobasidium pullulans. KEY POINTS: • The regulation of cell differentiation in Aureobasidium pullulans NG is demonstrated to be influenced by citric acid. • Intracellular citric acid levels in Aureobasidium pullulans NG have been shown to support the growth of swollen cells. • Citric acid has been found to increase pullulan production in Aureobasidium pullulans NG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zeng
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dandan Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Long
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjiao Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Yating Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangxiong Pu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijing Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Faryal Babar Baloch
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxue Li
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Mori H, Peterson SK, Simmermon R, Overmyer KA, Nishii A, Paulsson E, Li Z, Jen A, Uranga RM, Maung J, Yacawych WT, Lewis KT, Schill RL, Hetrick T, Seino R, Inoki K, Coon JJ, MacDougald OA. SCD1 and monounsaturated lipids are required for autophagy and survival of adipocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.27.564376. [PMID: 37961537 PMCID: PMC10634865 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.27.564376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of adipocytes to 'cool' temperatures often found in the periphery of the body induces expression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 (SCD1), an enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids. In this study, we employed Scd1 knockout cells and mouse models, along with pharmacological SCD1 inhibition, to investigate further the roles of SCD1 in adipocytes. Our study reveals that production of monounsaturated lipids by SCD1 is necessary for fusion of autophagosomes to lysosomes and that with a SCD1-deficiency, autophagosomes accumulate. In addition, SCD1-deficiency impairs lysosomal and autolysosomal acidification resulting in vacuole accumulation and eventual cell death. Blocking autophagosome formation or supplementation with monounsaturated fatty acids maintains vitality of SCD1-deficient adipocytes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that in vitro inhibition of SCD1 in adipocytes leads to autophagy-dependent cell death, and in vivo depletion leads to loss of bone marrow adipocytes.
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20
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Tian S, Chu Q, Ma S, Ma H, Song H. Dietary Fiber and Its Potential Role in Obesity: A Focus on Modulating the Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14853-14869. [PMID: 37815013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber is a carbohydrate polymer with ten or more monomeric units that are resistant to digestion by human digestive enzymes, and it has gained widespread attention due to its significant role in health improvement through regulating gut microbiota. In this review, we summarized the interaction between dietary fiber, gut microbiota, and obesity, and the beneficial effects of dietary fiber on obesity through the modulation of microbiota, such as modifying selective microbial composition, producing starch-degrading enzymes, improving gut barrier function, reducing the inflammatory response, reducing trimethylamine N-oxide, and promoting the production of gut microbial metabolites (e.g., short chain fatty acids, bile acids, ferulic acid, and succinate). In addition, factors affecting the gut microbiota composition and metabolites by dietary fiber (length of the chain, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bonds) were also concluded. Moreover, strategies for enhancing the biological activity of dietary fiber (fermentation technology, ultrasonic modification, nanotechnology, and microfluidization) were subsequently discussed. This review may provide clues for deeply exploring the structure-activity relationship between dietary fiber and antiobesity properties by targeting specific gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiang Chu
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Shaotong Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huan Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haizhao Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
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21
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Wang W, Kong Y, Wang X, Wang Z, Tang C, Li J, Yang Q, Chen YQ, Zhu S. Identification of novel SCD1 inhibitor alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: critical role of liver-adipose axis. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:268. [PMID: 37777801 PMCID: PMC10544195 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the complexity and incomplete understanding of the crosstalk between liver and adipose tissue, especially the processes of hepatic lipogenesis and adipogenic differentiation, there are currently no effective drugs for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1), which is abundantly expressed in liver and adipose tissue, may mediate the cross-talk between liver and adipose tissue. Thus, it is essential to develop specific SCD1 inhibitors that target the liver-adipose axis. Herein, we identified a novel SCD1 inhibitor, E6446, through a high-throughput virtual screen. E6646 significantly inhibited adipogenic differentiation and hepatic lipogenesis via SCD1-ATF3 signaling. The SPR results showed that E6446 had a strong interaction ability with SCD1 (KD:4.61 μM). Additionally, E6646 significantly decreased hepatic steatosis, hepatic lipid droplet accumulation and insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Taken together, our findings not only suggest that E6446 can serve as a new, safe and highly effective anti-NAFLD agent for future clinical use but also provide a molecular basis for the future development of SCD1 inhibitors that inhibit both adipogenic differentiation and hepatic lipogenesis. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yulin Kong
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chunlei Tang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinyou Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shenglong Zhu
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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22
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Li D, Cheng Y, Zeng X, Li Y, Xia Z, Yang X, Ren D. Polysaccharide from Ziyang Selenium-Enriched Green Tea Prevents Obesity and Promotes Adipose Thermogenesis via Modulating the Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13363-13375. [PMID: 37647585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to explore the potential mechanism of Ziyang selenium-enriched green tea polysaccharide (Se-GTP) against obesity. The results showed that Se-GTP significantly alleviated obesity and related metabolic disorders caused by high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results revealed that Se-GTP improved gut microbiota disturbance of obese mice and facilitated proliferation of probiotics such as Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia. In addition, the colonic content of succinate, a product of microbial metabolite in connection with adipocyte thermogenesis, was significantly enhanced by Se-GTP treatment. Therefore, Se-GTP facilitated brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) browning in obese mice, which could be revealed by increased expressions of thermogenic marker proteins UCP1, PGC-1α, and CIDEA in BAT and iWAT. Interestingly, Se-GTP intervention also observably increased the content of M2-like macrophages in iWAT of obese mice. To summarize, the results of this study are the first to show that Se-GTP can stimulate the browning of iWAT and BAT thermogenesis to counteract obesity, which may be pertinent with the alteration of gut microbiota in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglu Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yukun Cheng
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zeng
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yixiao Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zengrun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Se-enriched Products Development and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Se-enriched Food Development, Ankang 725000, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Daoyuan Ren
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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23
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Li X, Huang G, Zhang Y, Ren Y, Zhang R, Zhu W, Yu K. Succinate signaling attenuates high-fat diet-induced metabolic disturbance and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106865. [PMID: 37482326 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Succinate is a vital signaling metabolite produced by the host and gut microbiota. Succinate has been shown to regulate host metabolic homeostasis and inhibit obesity-associated inflammation in macrophages by engaging its cognate receptor, SUCNR1. However, the contribution of the succinate-SUCNR1 axis to intestinal barrier dysfunction in obesity remains unclear. In the present study, we explored the effects of succinate-SUCNR1 signaling on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. Using a SUCNR1-deficient mouse model under HFD feeding conditions, we identified the effects of succinate-SUCNR1 axis on obesity-associated intestinal barrier impairment. Our results showed that HFD administration decreased goblet cell numbers and mucus production, promoted intestinal pro-inflammatory responses, induced gut microbiota composition imbalance, increased intestinal permeability, and caused mucosal barrier dysfunction. Dietary succinate supplementation was sufficient to activate a type 2 immune response, trigger the differentiation of barrier-promoting goblet cells, suppress intestinal inflammation, restore HFD-induced mucosal barrier impairment and intestinal dysbiosis, and eventually exert anti-obesity effects. However, SUNNR1-deficient mice failed to improve the intestinal barrier function and metabolic phenotype in HFD mice. Our data indicate the protective role of the succinate-SUCNR1 axis in HFD-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guowen Huang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuting Ren
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruofan Zhang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaifan Yu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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24
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Iverson TM, Singh PK, Cecchini G. An evolving view of complex II-noncanonical complexes, megacomplexes, respiration, signaling, and beyond. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104761. [PMID: 37119852 PMCID: PMC10238741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex II is traditionally studied for its participation in two key respiratory processes: the electron transport chain and the Krebs cycle. There is now a rich body of literature explaining how complex II contributes to respiration. However, more recent research shows that not all of the pathologies associated with altered complex II activity clearly correlate with this respiratory role. Complex II activity has now been shown to be necessary for a range of biological processes peripherally related to respiration, including metabolic control, inflammation, and cell fate. Integration of findings from multiple types of studies suggests that complex II both participates in respiration and controls multiple succinate-dependent signal transduction pathways. Thus, the emerging view is that the true biological function of complex II is well beyond respiration. This review uses a semichronological approach to highlight major paradigm shifts that occurred over time. Special emphasis is given to the more recently identified functions of complex II and its subunits because these findings have infused new directions into an established field.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Iverson
- Departments of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Departments of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| | - Prashant K Singh
- Departments of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gary Cecchini
- Molecular Biology Division, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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25
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Jeon YG, Kim YY, Lee G, Kim JB. Physiological and pathological roles of lipogenesis. Nat Metab 2023; 5:735-759. [PMID: 37142787 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are essential metabolites, which function as energy sources, structural components and signalling mediators. Most cells are able to convert carbohydrates into fatty acids, which are often converted into neutral lipids for storage in the form of lipid droplets. Accumulating evidence suggests that lipogenesis plays a crucial role not only in metabolic tissues for systemic energy homoeostasis but also in immune and nervous systems for their proliferation, differentiation and even pathophysiological roles. Thus, excessive or insufficient lipogenesis is closely associated with aberrations in lipid homoeostasis, potentially leading to pathological consequences, such as dyslipidaemia, diabetes, fatty liver, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. For systemic energy homoeostasis, multiple enzymes involved in lipogenesis are tightly controlled by transcriptional and post-translational modifications. In this Review, we discuss recent findings regarding the regulatory mechanisms, physiological roles and pathological importance of lipogenesis in multiple tissues such as adipose tissue and the liver, as well as the immune and nervous systems. Furthermore, we briefly introduce the therapeutic implications of lipogenesis modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Geun Jeon
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye Young Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gung Lee
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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26
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Ye J, Gao C, Liang Y, Hou Z, Shi Y, Wang Y. Characteristic and fate determination of adipose precursors during adipose tissue remodeling. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:13. [PMID: 37138165 PMCID: PMC10156890 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-023-00157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissues are essential for actively regulating systemic energy balance, glucose homeostasis, immune responses, reproduction, and longevity. Adipocytes maintain dynamic metabolic needs and possess heterogeneity in energy storage and supply. Overexpansion of adipose tissue, especially the visceral type, is a high risk for diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Changes in adipocytes, hypertrophy or hyperplasia, contribute to the remodeling of obese adipose tissues, accompanied by abundant immune cell accumulation, decreased angiogenesis, and aberrant extracellular matrix deposition. The process and mechanism of adipogenesis are well known, however, adipose precursors and their fate decision are only being defined with recent information available to decipher how adipose tissues generate, maintain, and remodel. Here, we discuss the key findings that identify adipose precursors phenotypically, with special emphasis on the intrinsic and extrinsic signals in instructing and regulating the fate of adipose precursors under pathophysiological conditions. We hope that the information in this review lead to novel therapeutic strategies to combat obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yong Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zongliu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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27
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Lund J, Breum AW, Gil C, Falk S, Sass F, Isidor MS, Dmytriyeva O, Ranea-Robles P, Mathiesen CV, Basse AL, Johansen OS, Fadahunsi N, Lund C, Nicolaisen TS, Klein AB, Ma T, Emanuelli B, Kleinert M, Sørensen CM, Gerhart-Hines Z, Clemmensen C. The anorectic and thermogenic effects of pharmacological lactate in male mice are confounded by treatment osmolarity and co-administered counterions. Nat Metab 2023; 5:677-698. [PMID: 37055619 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Lactate is a circulating metabolite and a signalling molecule with pleiotropic physiological effects. Studies suggest that lactate modulates energy balance by lowering food intake, inducing adipose browning and increasing whole-body thermogenesis. Yet, like many other metabolites, lactate is often commercially produced as a counterion-bound salt and typically administered in vivo through hypertonic aqueous solutions of sodium L-lactate. Most studies have not controlled for injection osmolarity and the co-injected sodium ions. Here, we show that the anorectic and thermogenic effects of exogenous sodium L-lactate in male mice are confounded by the hypertonicity of the injected solutions. Our data reveal that this is in contrast to the antiobesity effect of orally administered disodium succinate, which is uncoupled from these confounders. Further, our studies with other counterions indicate that counterions can have confounding effects beyond lactate pharmacology. Together, these findings underscore the importance of controlling for osmotic load and counterions in metabolite research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Lund
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Alberte Wollesen Breum
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cláudia Gil
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah Falk
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederike Sass
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Adipocyte Signaling, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marie Sophie Isidor
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oksana Dmytriyeva
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pablo Ranea-Robles
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Vad Mathiesen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid Linde Basse
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olivia Sveidahl Johansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Adipocyte Signaling, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nicole Fadahunsi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Lund
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Sand Nicolaisen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Bue Klein
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tao Ma
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Emanuelli
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Muscle Physiology and Metabolism Group, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Charlotte Mehlin Sørensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Center for Adipocyte Signaling, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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28
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Balatskyi VV, Dobrzyn P. Role of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 in Cardiovascular Physiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065531. [PMID: 36982607 PMCID: PMC10059744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase is a rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. Monounsaturated fatty acids limit the toxicity of exogenous saturated fats. Studies have shown that stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 is involved in the remodeling of cardiac metabolism. The loss of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 reduces fatty acid oxidation and increases glucose oxidation in the heart. Such a change is protective under conditions of a high-fat diet, which reduces reactive oxygen species-generating β-oxidation. In contrast, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 deficiency predisposes individuals to atherosclerosis under conditions of hyperlipidemia but protects against apnea-induced atherosclerosis. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 deficiency also impairs angiogenesis after myocardial infarction. Clinical data show a positive correlation between blood stearoyl-CoA Δ-9 desaturation rates and cardiovascular disease and mortality. Moreover, stearoyl-CoA desaturase inhibition is considered an attractive intervention in some obesity-associated pathologies, and the importance of stearoyl-CoA desaturase in the cardiovascular system might be a limitation for developing such therapy. This review discusses the role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis and the development of heart disease and presents markers of systemic stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity and their predictive potential in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders.
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29
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Li Y, Hu Z, Chen X, Zhu B, Liu T, Yang J. Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Gonostegia hirta: An Underexploited, Potentially Edible, Wild Plant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:875. [PMID: 36840225 PMCID: PMC9967410 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wild, edible plants have received increasing attention as an important complement to cultivate vegetables, as they represent an easily accessible source of nutrients, mineral elements, and antioxidants. In this study, the tender stems and leaves of Gonostegia hirta, an edible species for which only scarce data are available in the literature, are thoroughly evaluated for their nutritional profile, chemical characterization, and antioxidant activity. Being considered as an underexploited, potentially edible plant, the nutritional composition of Gonostegia hirta was identified, and several beneficial compounds were highlighted: sugars, potassium, calcium, organic acids, fatty acids, phenolics, and flavonoids. A total of 418 compounds were identified by metabolomic analysis, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, amino acids, lipids, organic acids, terpenoids, alkaloids, nucleotides, tannins, lignans, and coumarin. The plant sample was found to have good antioxidant capacities, presented by DPPH, FRAP, ABTS+, hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and its resistance to the superoxide anion radical test. In general, Gonostegia hirta has a good nutritional and phytochemical composition. The health benefits of Gonostegia hirta as a vegetable and herbal medicine is important for both a modern diet and use in medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochen Li
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Tingfu Liu
- Lishui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Kitamura H. Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases (USPs) and Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3219. [PMID: 36834633 PMCID: PMC9966627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination and deubiquitination are reversible processes that modify the characteristics of target proteins, including stability, intracellular localization, and enzymatic activity. Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) constitute the largest deubiquitinating enzyme family. To date, accumulating evidence indicates that several USPs positively and negatively affect metabolic diseases. USP22 in pancreatic β-cells, USP2 in adipose tissue macrophages, USP9X, 20, and 33 in myocytes, USP4, 7, 10, and 18 in hepatocytes, and USP2 in hypothalamus improve hyperglycemia, whereas USP19 in adipocytes, USP21 in myocytes, and USP2, 14, and 20 in hepatocytes promote hyperglycemia. In contrast, USP1, 5, 9X, 14, 15, 22, 36, and 48 modulate the progression of diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and/or retinopathy. USP4, 10, and 18 in hepatocytes ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while hepatic USP2, 11, 14, 19, and 20 exacerbate it. The roles of USP7 and 22 in hepatic disorders are controversial. USP9X, 14, 17, and 20 in vascular cells are postulated to be determinants of atherosclerosis. Moreover, mutations in the Usp8 and Usp48 loci in pituitary tumors cause Cushing syndrome. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the modulatory roles of USPs in energy metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kitamura
- Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan
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Xue Y, Lin L, Li Q, Liu K, Hu M, Ye J, Cao J, Zhai J, Zheng F, Wang Y, Zhang T, Du L, Gao C, Wang G, Wang X, Qin J, Liao X, Kong X, Sorokin L, Shi Y, Wang Y. SCD1 Sustains Homeostasis of Bulge Niche via Maintaining Hemidesmosomes in Basal Keratinocytes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2201949. [PMID: 36507562 PMCID: PMC9896058 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Niche for stem cells profoundly influences their maintenance and fate during tissue homeostasis and pathological disorders; however, the underlying mechanisms and tissue-specific features remain poorly understood. Here, it is reported that fatty acid desaturation catabolized by stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) regulates hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and hair growth by maintaining the bulge, niche for HFSCs. Scd1 deletion in mice results in abnormal hair growth, an effect exerted directly on keratin K14+ keratinocytes rather than on HFSCs. Mechanistically, Scd1 deficiency impairs the level of integrin α6β4 complex and thus the assembly of hemidesmosomes (HDs). The disruption of HDs allows the aberrant activation of focal adhesion kinase and PI3K in K14+ keratinocytes and subsequently their differentiation and proliferation. The overgrowth of basal keratinocytes results in downward extension of the outer root sheath and interruption of bulge formation. Then, inhibition of PI3K signaling in Scd1-/- mice normalizes the bulge, HFSCs, and hair growth. Additionally, supplementation of oleic acid to Scd1-/- mice reestablishes HDs and the homeostasis of bulge niche, and restores hair growth. Thus, SCD1 is critical in regulating hair growth through stabilizing HDs in basal keratinocytes and thus sustaining bulge for HFSC residence and periodic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqing Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Liangyu Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Qing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Keli Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Mingyuan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Jiayin Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Jianchang Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Jingjie Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Fanjun Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Liming Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Cheng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Guan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Jun Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Xinhua Liao
- School of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Xiangyin Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Lydia Sorokin
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and PathobiochemistryCells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CIMIC)University of MünsterD‐48149MünsterGermany
| | - Yufang Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational MedicineSoochow University Medical CollegeSuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
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Kumari R, Singhvi N, Sharma P, Choudhury C, Shakya R. Virtual screening of gut microbiome bacteriocins as potential inhibitors of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 to regulate adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis to combat obesity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:12632-12642. [PMID: 36644882 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2167121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The gut bacterial strains and their metabolites have been shown to play a significant role in obesity, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are largely unresolved. Obesity is a multifactorial problem and is controlled by various mechanisms and pathways to produce and store fat cells. Bacteriocins are secondary metabolites produced by gut bacteria to defend themselves against their competitors. Recently, they have gained great attention due to their role in metabolic disorders, including obesity. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a key enzyme involved in the differentiation of adipocytes. The aim of this study is to show the regulation of SCD1 by bacteriocins and thus their importance in obesity control. We screened the human gut bacteriome for the presence of bacteriocins, predicted their structures, and showed their inhibitory role by molecular docking with SCD1. Further, to confirm the docking results, MDS of six top scoring SCD1-bacteriocin complexes were carried out for 100 ns. These six bacteriocins namely, Plantaricin S-beta, Carnolysin, Lactococcin B, Bacteriocin Iic, Plantaricin N, and Thermophilin A, with strong binding affinities, are primarily produced by bacterial strains from the Lactobacillaeacea family. These findings can be the basis of further experiments for enhanced understanding of the underlying mechanisms for obesity control, specifically bacteriocins driven regulation of the SCD1 enzyme. In addition, a consortium of bacterial strains producing these bacteriocins can be developed and used as probiotics for the amelioration of obesity and other metabolic complications.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Kumari
- Molecular Microbiology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nirjara Singhvi
- School of Allied Sciences, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Chinmayee Choudhury
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rashmi Shakya
- Department of Botany, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Chu DT, Bui NL, Le NH. Adrenoceptors and SCD1 in adipocytes/adipose tissues: The expression and variation in health and obesity. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 194:311-332. [PMID: 36631196 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, considered a metabolic disorder, is one of the most significant health issues that the community has to cope with today. A rising number of studies have been conducted to find out promising genetic targets for obese treatment. The sympathetic nervous system was proven to possess remarkable roles in energy metabolism, including the stimulation of lipolysis as well as thermogenesis, via distinct adrenoceptors appearing on the membrane of adipocyte. A decrease of β-adrenoceptor expression has been observed in obese individuals, which is related to reducing energy expenditure and developing obesity. While that the deficiency of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), which is a promising target for treatments of metabolic diseases, decreases oxidation and promotes the synthesis of fatty acids. Here, we emphasized several differences between distinct adrenoceptor subtypes, including their mRNA expression level and function in white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue. We also highlighted SCD1's roles related to the progression of adipocytes and its changing expression under the obese condition in both rodents and humans, and furthermore, tried to figure out the interaction between adrenoceptors and SCD1 in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Nhat-Le Bui
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Hoan Le
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Liao FH, Yao CN, Chen SP, Wu TH, Lin SY. Transdermal Delivery of Succinate Accelerates Energy Dissipation of Brown Adipocytes to Reduce Remote Fat Accumulation. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4299-4310. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Hsuean Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road,
Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nien Yao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road,
Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ping Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road,
Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Te-Haw Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road,
Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road,
Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
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Fang R, Yang S, Gu X, Li C, Bi N, Wang HL. Early-life exposure to bisphenol A induces dysregulation of lipid homeostasis by the upregulation of SCD1 in male mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119201. [PMID: 35341816 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of Bisphenol A (BPA) is closely associated with an increased prevalence of obesity-related metabolic syndrome. However, the potential mechanism of BPA-induced adipogenesis remains to be fully elucidated. Herein, potential mechanisms of BPA-induced adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were evaluated using RNA-Seq. Then, using an early-life BPA exposure model, we further evaluated the effects of BPA exposure on lipid and glucose homeostasis. The results showed that lipid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was significantly increased after BPA exposure (p < 0.01) and male C57BL/6 mice with the dose of 500 μg/kg/day BPA by once-a-day oral administration for 8 weeks displayed a NAFLD-like phenotype. RNA-Seq analysis of preadipocytes showed that BPA exposure affected multiple biological processes including glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, PPAR signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism. The dysregulation in a series of genes of mice was associated to de novo lipogenesis and lipid transport, which was linked to obesity. Importantly, we also found a significant expression increase of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) and a significant decrease of apolipoprotein D (APOD) in both fat (p < 0.01) and livers (p < 0.01) of male mice. Besides, the dysregulation of pro-inflammatory genes (TNF-α,IL-6 and SAA3) showed that BPA exposure promoted progression of hepatic inflammation. In conclusion, this study elucidated a novel mechanism in which obesity associated with BPA exposure by targeting SCD1. Exposure to BPA should be carefully examined in the chronic liver metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Fang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Shaohua Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Xiaozhen Gu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Changqing Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Nanxi Bi
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China.
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Li Q, Wang L, Liu H, Ren W, Zhang Z, Xia B. Roles of miR-124-3p/Scd1 in urolithin A-induced brown adipocyte differentiation and succinate-dependent regulation of mitochondrial complex II. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 606:174-181. [PMID: 35361481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipocytes have been linked to managing human obesity and related metabolic diseases. A large number of natural products have emerged that can activate brown adipocytes tissue (BAT) to active thermogenesis, but the epigenetic mechanisms have not been fully resolved. In this study, we identified the induction of miR-124-3p by urolithin A (UA) as a means to increase the thermogenic activity of brown adipocytes. Overexpression of miR-124-3p enhances thermogenesis by increasing mitochondrial content in brown adipocytes. Mechanistically, to clarify that miR-124-3p affects fatty acid synthesis using bioinformatics methods, it is clear that miR-124 affects the synthesis of fatty acids through the enrichment analysis of the KEGG pathway, and using dual luci. ferase to determine the target gene as stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) while controlling rates of fatty acids synthesis and de novo brown fat biogenesis. Finally, in the overexpression of miR-124-3p and UA-treated BAT, succinate accumulation was enhanced in cells and fueled mitochondrial complex II activities. This study highlights a miR-124-3p/SCD1/succinate pathway that stimulates thermogenesis of BAT via the modulatory roles of UA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Weiyuan Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Bo Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Ding Q, Lu C, Hao Q, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Olsen RE, Ringo E, Ran C, Zhang Z, Zhou Z. Dietary Succinate Impacts the Nutritional Metabolism, Protein Succinylation and Gut Microbiota of Zebrafish. Front Nutr 2022; 9:894278. [PMID: 35685883 PMCID: PMC9171437 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.894278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Succinate is widely used in the food and feed industry as an acidulant, flavoring additive, and antimicrobial agent. This study investigated the effects of dietary succinate on growth, energy budget, nutritional metabolism, protein succinylation, and gut microbiota composition of zebrafish. Zebrafish were fed a control-check (0% succinate) or four succinate-supplemented diets (0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.2%) for 4 weeks. The results showed that dietary succinate at the 0.15% additive amount (S0.15) can optimally promote weight gain and feed intake. Whole body protein, fat, and energy deposition increased in the S0.15 group. Fasting plasma glucose level decreased in fish fed the S0.15 diet, along with improved glucose tolerance. Lipid synthesis in the intestine, liver, and muscle increased with S0.15 feeding. Diet with 0.15% succinate inhibited intestinal gluconeogenesis but promoted hepatic gluconeogenesis. Glycogen synthesis increased in the liver and muscle of S0.15-fed fish. Glycolysis was increased in the muscle of S0.15-fed fish. In addition, 0.15% succinate-supplemented diet inhibited protein degradation in the intestine, liver, and muscle. Interestingly, different protein succinylation patterns in the intestine and liver were observed in fish fed the S0.15 diet. Intestinal proteins with increased succinylation levels were enriched in the tricarboxylic acid cycle while proteins with decreased succinylation levels were enriched in pathways related to fatty acid and amino acid degradation. Hepatic proteins with increased succinylation levels were enriched in oxidative phosphorylation while proteins with decreased succinylation levels were enriched in the processes of protein processing and transport in the endoplasmic reticulum. Finally, fish fed the S0.15 diet had a higher abundance of Proteobacteria but a lower abundance of Fusobacteria and Cetobacterium. In conclusion, dietary succinate could promote growth and feed intake, promote lipid anabolism, improve glucose homeostasis, and spare protein. The effects of succinate on nutritional metabolism are associated with alterations in the levels of metabolic intermediates, transcriptional regulation, and protein succinylation levels. However, hepatic fat accumulation and gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by dietary succinate suggest potential risks of succinate application as a feed additive for fish. This study would be beneficial in understanding the application of succinate as an aquatic feed additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Ding
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Norway-China Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Chenyao Lu
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingshuang Zhang
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yalin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rolf Erik Olsen
- Norway-China Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Einar Ringo
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Chao Ran
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen Zhang,
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Zhigang Zhou,
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Monfort-Ferré D, Caro A, Menacho M, Martí M, Espina B, Boronat-Toscano A, Nuñez-Roa C, Seco J, Bautista M, Espín E, Megía A, Vendrell J, Fernández-Veledo S, Serena C. The Gut Microbiota Metabolite Succinate Promotes Adipose Tissue Browning in Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1571-1583. [PMID: 35554517 PMCID: PMC9624294 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Crohn's disease [CD] is associated with complex microbe-host interactions, involving changes in microbial communities, and gut barrier defects, leading to the translocation of microorganisms to surrounding adipose tissue [AT]. We evaluated the presence of beige AT depots in CD and questioned whether succinate and/or bacterial translocation promotes white-to-beige transition in adipocytes. METHODS Visceral [VAT] and subcutaneous [SAT] AT biopsies, serum and plasma were obtained from patients with active [n = 21] or inactive [n = 12] CD, and from healthy controls [n = 15]. Adipose-derived stem cells [ASCs] and AT macrophages [ATMs] were isolated from VAT biopsies. RESULTS Plasma succinate levels were significantly higher in patients with active CD than in controls and were intermediate in those with inactive disease. Plasma succinate correlated with the inflammatory marker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Expression of the succinate receptor SUCNR1 was higher in VAT, ASCs and ATMs from the active CD group than from the inactive or control groups. Succinate treatment of ASCs elevated the expression of several beige AT markers from controls and from patients with inactive disease, including uncoupling protein-1 [UCP1]. Notably, beige AT markers were prominent in ASCs from patients with active CD. Secretome profiling revealed that ASCs from patients with active disease secrete beige AT-related proteins, and co-culture assays showed that bacteria also trigger the white-to-beige switch of ASCs from patients with CD. Finally, AT depots from patients with CD exhibited a conversion from white to beige AT together with high UCP1 expression, which was corroborated by in situ thermal imaging analysis. CONCLUSIONS Succinate and bacteria trigger white-to-beige AT transition in CD. Understanding the role of beige AT in CD might aid in the development of therapeutic or diagnostic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra Monfort-Ferré
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleidis Caro
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Marc Martí
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, General Surgery Service, Hospital Valle de Hebron, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Espina
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Albert Boronat-Toscano
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cati Nuñez-Roa
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Seco
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michelle Bautista
- Digestive Unit, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eloy Espín
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, General Surgery Service, Hospital Valle de Hebron, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Megía
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Corresponding authors: Sonia Fernández-Veledo, PhD, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. ;
| | - Carolina Serena
- Carolina Serena, PhD, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. ;
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Altınova AE. Beige Adipocyte as the Flame of White Adipose Tissue: Regulation of Browning and Impact of Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1778-e1788. [PMID: 34967396 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Beige adipocyte, the third and relatively new type of adipocyte, can emerge in white adipose tissue (WAT) under thermogenic stimulations that is termed as browning of WAT. Recent studies suggest that browning of WAT deserves more attention and therapies targeting browning of WAT can be helpful for reducing obesity. Beyond the major inducers of browning, namely cold and β 3-adrenergic stimulation, beige adipocytes are affected by several factors, and excess adiposity per se may also influence the browning process. The objective of the present review is to provide an overview of recent clinical and preclinical studies on the hormonal and nonhormonal factors that affect the browning of WAT. This review further focuses on the role of obesity per se on browning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alev Eroğlu Altınova
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
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40
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Tian H, Niu H, Luo J, Yao W, Chen X, Wu J, Geng Y, Gao W, Lei A, Gao Z, Tian X, Zhao X, Shi H, Li C, Hua J. Knockout of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 Decreased Milk Fat and Unsaturated Fatty Acid Contents of the Goat Model Generated by CRISPR/Cas9. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4030-4043. [PMID: 35343224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Goat milk contains a rich source of nutrients, especially unsaturated fatty acids. However, the regulatory mechanism of milk fat and fatty acid synthesis remains unclear. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is the key enzyme catalyzing monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis and is essential for milk lipid metabolism. To explore milk lipid synthesis mechanism in vivo, SCD1-knockout goats were generated through CRISPR/Cas9 technology for the first time. SCD1 deficiency did not influence goat growth or serum biochemistry. Plasma phosphatidylcholines increased by lipidomics after SCD1 knockout in goats. Whole-blood RNA-seq indicated alterations in biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis, cAMP, ATPase activity, and Wnt signaling pathways. In SCD1-knockout goats, milk fat percentage and unsaturated fatty acid levels were reduced but other milk components were unchanged. Milk lipidomics revealed decreased triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols levels, and the differential abundance of lipids were enriched in glycerolipid, glycerophospholipids, and thermogenesis metabolism pathways. In milk fat globules, the expression levels of genes related to fatty acid and TAG synthesis including SREBP1 were reduced. ATP content and AMPK activity were promoted, and p-p70S6K protein level was suppressed in SCD1-knockout goat mammary epithelial cells, suggesting that SCD1 affected milk lipid metabolism by influencing AMPK-mTORC1/p70S6K-SREBP1 pathway. The integrative analysis of gene expression levels and lipidomics of milk revealed a crucial role of SCD1 in glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids metabolism pathways. Our observations indicated that SCD1 regulated the synthesis of milk fat and unsaturated fatty acid in goat by affecting lipid metabolism gene expression and lipid metabolic pathways. These findings would be essential for improving goat milk nutritional value which is beneficial to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huimin Niu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weiwei Yao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanan Geng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenchang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Anmin Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhimin Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiue Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoe Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huaiping Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cong Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Liu X, Li S, Wang L, Zhang W, Wang Y, Gui L, Zan L, Zhao C. The Effect of FATP1 on Adipocyte Differentiation in Qinchuan Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102789. [PMID: 34679811 PMCID: PMC8532991 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Previous research found that FATP1 plays an important role in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and lipid accumulation in pig and chicken, but its function has not been explored in bovine adipocyte yet. In this study, we investigated the effect of FATP1 expression on preadipocyte differentiation in Qinchuan cattle using overexpression and interference assays. Our results reveal that FATP1 overexpression promoted preadipocyte differentiation, lipid droplet formation, and the expression of LPL and PPARγ, while FATP1 interference had the opposite effects on adipocyte differentiation and fat deposition. Following FATP1 overexpression and FATP1 interference in adipocytes, RNA-seq analysis identified that SLPI, STC1, SEMA6A, TNFRSF19, SLN, PTGS2, ADCYP1, FADS2, and SCD genes were differentially expressed. Pathway analysis revealed that the PPAR signaling pathway, AMPK signal pathway, and Insulin signaling pathway were enriched with differentially expressed genes. We propose that the FATP1 gene may affect the beef quality by involving adipocyte differentiation and lipid deposition, and may shed new light on the formation mechanisms of adipose tissues. Abstract FATP1 plays an important role in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and lipid accumulation. In this study, we investigated the patterns of FATP1 expression in various tissues obtained from calf and adult Qinchuan cattle, and in differentiating adipocytes. Next, we investigated the effect of FATP1 expression on preadipocyte differentiation in Qinchuan cattle using overexpression and interference assays. We also identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways associated with FATP1 overexpression/interference. Our results reveal that FATP1 was broadly expressed in heart, kidney, muscle, small intestine, large intestine, and perirenal fat tissues. While FATP1 overexpression promoted preadipocyte differentiation, fat deposition, and the expression of several genes involved in fat metabolism, FATP1 interference had the opposite effects on adipocyte differentiation. Following FATP1 overexpression and FATP1 interference in adipocytes, RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify DEGs related to fat metabolism. The DEGs identified include SLPI, STC1, SEMA6A, TNFRSF19, SLN, PTGS2, ADCYP1, FADS2, and SCD. Pathway analysis revealed that the DEGs were enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway, AMPK signal pathway, and Insulin signaling pathway. Our results provide an in-depth understanding of the function and regulation mechanism of FAPT1 in fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China; (X.L.); (S.L.); (L.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China; (X.L.); (S.L.); (L.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Liyun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China; (X.L.); (S.L.); (L.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China; (X.L.); (S.L.); (L.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yujuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China; (X.L.); (S.L.); (L.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Linsheng Gui
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China; (X.L.); (S.L.); (L.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Chunping Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China; (X.L.); (S.L.); (L.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-29-8709-1247; Fax: +86-29-8709-1148
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Fernández-Veledo S, Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Vendrell J. Rethinking succinate: an unexpected hormone-like metabolite in energy homeostasis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:680-692. [PMID: 34301438 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There has been an explosion of interest in the signaling capacity of energy metabolites. A prime example is the Krebs cycle substrate succinate, an archetypal respiratory substrate with functions beyond energy production as an intracellular and extracellular signaling molecule. Long associated with inflammation, emerging evidence supports a key role for succinate in metabolic processes relating to energy management. As the natural ligand for SUCNR1, a G protein-coupled receptor, succinate is akin to hormones and likely functions as a reporter of metabolism and stress. In this review, we reconcile new and old observations to outline a regulatory role for succinate in metabolic homeostasis. We highlight the importance of the succinate-SUCNR1 axis in metabolic diseases as an integrator of macrophage immune response, and we discuss new metabolic functions recently ascribed to succinate in specific tissues. Because circulating succinate has emerged as a promising biomarker in chronic metabolic diseases, a better understanding of the physiopathological role of the succinate-SUCNR1 axis in metabolism might open new avenues for clinical use in patients with obesity or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition and Research Unit, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Victòria Ceperuelo-Mallafré
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition and Research Unit, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition and Research Unit, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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43
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Ascenzi F, De Vitis C, Maugeri-Saccà M, Napoli C, Ciliberto G, Mancini R. SCD1, autophagy and cancer: implications for therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:265. [PMID: 34429143 PMCID: PMC8383407 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that removes unnecessary or dysfunctional components and recycles them for other cellular functions. Over the years, a mutual regulation between lipid metabolism and autophagy has been uncovered. METHODS This is a narrative review discussing the connection between SCD1 and the autophagic process, along with the modality through which this crosstalk can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. RESULTS Fatty acids, depending on the species, can have either activating or inhibitory roles on autophagy. In turn, autophagy regulates the mobilization of fat from cellular deposits, such as lipid droplets, and removes unnecessary lipids to prevent cellular lipotoxicity. This review describes the regulation of autophagy by lipid metabolism in cancer cells, focusing on the role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), the key enzyme involved in the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. SCD1 plays an important role in cancer, promoting cell proliferation and metastasis. The role of autophagy in cancer is more complex since it can act either by protecting against the onset of cancer or by promoting tumor growth. Mounting evidence indicates that autophagy and lipid metabolism are tightly interconnected. CONCLUSION Here, we discuss controversial findings of SCD1 as an autophagy inducer or inhibitor in cancer, highlighting how these activities may result in cancer promotion or inhibition depending upon the degree of cancer heterogeneity and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ascenzi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia De Vitis
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Napoli
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Mancini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Lagarde D, Jeanson Y, Portais JC, Galinier A, Ader I, Casteilla L, Carrière A. Lactate Fluxes and Plasticity of Adipose Tissues: A Redox Perspective. Front Physiol 2021; 12:689747. [PMID: 34276410 PMCID: PMC8278056 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.689747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate, a metabolite produced when the glycolytic flux exceeds mitochondrial oxidative capacities, is now viewed as a critical regulator of metabolism by acting as both a carbon and electron carrier and a signaling molecule between cells and tissues. In recent years, increasing evidence report its key role in white, beige, and brown adipose tissue biology, and highlights new mechanisms by which lactate participates in the maintenance of whole-body energy homeostasis. Lactate displays a wide range of biological effects in adipose cells not only through its binding to the membrane receptor but also through its transport and the subsequent effect on intracellular metabolism notably on redox balance. This study explores how lactate regulates adipocyte metabolism and plasticity by balancing intracellular redox state and by regulating specific signaling pathways. We also emphasized the contribution of adipose tissues to the regulation of systemic lactate metabolism, their roles in redox homeostasis, and related putative physiopathological repercussions associated with their decline in metabolic diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Lagarde
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Jeanson
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Charles Portais
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Galinier
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Ader
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Carrière
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Mori H, Dugan CE, Nishii A, Benchamana A, Li Z, Cadenhead TS, Das AK, Evans CR, Overmyer KA, Romanelli SM, Peterson SK, Bagchi DP, Corsa CA, Hardij J, Learman BS, El Azzouny M, Coon JJ, Inoki K, MacDougald OA. The molecular and metabolic program by which white adipocytes adapt to cool physiologic temperatures. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3000988. [PMID: 33979328 PMCID: PMC8143427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although visceral adipocytes located within the body's central core are maintained at approximately 37°C, adipocytes within bone marrow, subcutaneous, and dermal depots are found primarily within the peripheral shell and generally exist at cooler temperatures. Responses of brown and beige/brite adipocytes to cold stress are well studied; however, comparatively little is known about mechanisms by which white adipocytes adapt to temperatures below 37°C. Here, we report that adaptation of cultured adipocytes to 31°C, the temperature at which distal marrow adipose tissues and subcutaneous adipose tissues often reside, increases anabolic and catabolic lipid metabolism, and elevates oxygen consumption. Cool adipocytes rely less on glucose and more on pyruvate, glutamine, and, especially, fatty acids as energy sources. Exposure of cultured adipocytes and gluteal white adipose tissue (WAT) to cool temperatures activates a shared program of gene expression. Cool temperatures induce stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) expression and monounsaturated lipid levels in cultured adipocytes and distal bone marrow adipose tissues (BMATs), and SCD1 activity is required for acquisition of maximal oxygen consumption at 31°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Colleen E. Dugan
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Akira Nishii
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ameena Benchamana
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ziru Li
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Thomas S. Cadenhead
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Arun K. Das
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Charles R. Evans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. Overmyer
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Romanelli
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sydney K. Peterson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Devika P. Bagchi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Callie A. Corsa
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Julie Hardij
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Brian S. Learman
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mahmoud El Azzouny
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua J. Coon
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ken Inoki
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ormond A. MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Xu Y, Chen X, Zhao C, Wang X, Cheng Y, Xi F, Yao X, Zhang L, Yang G, Yu T. MiR-99b-5p Attenuates Adipogenesis by Targeting SCD1 and Lpin1 in 3T3-L1 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2564-2575. [PMID: 33599498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The number and distribution of adipocytes directly affect the quality of livestock meat products. The analysis of the adipogenesis mechanism is the basis for improving meat quality. The formation of adipocytes is regulated by many factors, including a class of endogenous small RNAs, named microRNA (miRNA). Previous studies have shown that miRNAs could affect adipogenesis by post-transcriptional regulation of target genes. In our study, a decreased miR-99b-5p expression level was found in the adipose tissue of obese mice. Overexpression of miR-99b-5p could increase cell proliferation by promoting the cell cycle while inhibiting cell differentiation. In addition, interference with miR-99b-5p obtained the opposite result. Furthermore, the proteomics sequencing analysis screened 1154 differentially expressed proteins, which are closely related to adipocyte differentiation and fatty acid metabolism. In addition, the results of the dual-luciferase test showed that miR-99b-5p can directly target the proteins SCD1 and Lpin1 with significantly different expression levels in proteomic sequencing. Then, this result was verified at the level of mRNA and protein in a further study. Collectively, these results suggested that miR-99b-5p may be a target for improving meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaochang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Fengxue Xi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiangping Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Taiyong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shanxi 712100, China
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Chen G, Chen J, Wu J, Ren X, Li L, Lu S, Cheng T, Tan L, Liu M, Luo Q, Liang S, Nie Q, Zhang X, Luo W. Integrative Analyses of mRNA Expression Profile Reveal SOCS2 and CISH Play Important Roles in GHR Mutation-Induced Excessive Abdominal Fat Deposition in the Sex-Linked Dwarf Chicken. Front Genet 2021; 11:610605. [PMID: 33519913 PMCID: PMC7841439 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.610605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex-linked dwarf (SLD) chicken, which is caused by a recessive mutation of the growth hormone receptor (GHR), has been widely used in the Chinese broiler industry. However, it has been found that the SLD chicken has more abdominal fat deposition than normal chicken. Excessive fat deposition not only reduced the carcass quality of the broilers but also reduced the immunity of broilers to diseases. To find out the key genes and the precise regulatory pathways that were involved in the GHR mutation-induced excessive fat deposition, we used high-fat diet (HFD) and normal diet to feed the SLD chicken and normal chicken and analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the four groups. Results showed that the SLD chicken had more abdominal fat deposition and larger adipocytes size than normal chicken and HFD can promote abdominal fat deposition and induce adipocyte hypertrophy. RNA sequencing results of the livers and abdominal fats from the above chickens revealed that many DEGs between the SLD and normal chickens were enriched in fat metabolic pathways, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor pathway, and fatty acid metabolism. Importantly, by constructing and analyzing the GHR-downstream regulatory network, we found that suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) and cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CISH) may involve in the GHR mutation-induced abdominal fat deposition in chicken. The ectopic expression of SOCS2 and CISH in liver-related cell line leghorn strain M chicken hepatoma (LMH) cell and immortalized chicken preadipocytes (ICP) revealed that these two genes can regulate fatty acid metabolism, adipocyte differentiation, and lipid droplet accumulation. Notably, overexpression of SOCS2 and CISH can rescue the hyperactive lipid metabolism and excessive lipid droplet accumulation of primary liver cell and preadipocytes that were isolated from the SLD chicken. This study found some genes and pathways involved in abdominal fat deposition of the SLD chicken and reveals that SOCS2 and CISH are two key genes involved in the GHR mutation-induced excessive fat deposition of the SLD chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genghua Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Wu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueyi Ren
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Lu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Cheng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangtian Tan
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manqing Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingbin Luo
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaodong Liang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Cao B, Liu C, Zhang Q, Dong Y. Maternal High-Fat Diet Leads to Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Through Upregulating Hepatic SCD1 Expression in Neonate Rats. Front Nutr 2020; 7:581723. [PMID: 33282902 PMCID: PMC7705221 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.581723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the leading cause of liver disease in children, with evidence that the maternal diet and the early life nutritional environment are potential risk for such disease. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of maternal high-fat diet (HFD) on the occurrence of NAFLD in offspring rats and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, the incidence of NAFLD was compared in F1 offspring rats between the maternal HFD group and standard chow (SC) group. In addition, the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the placenta, in the umbilical cord blood, and in the livers of neonate offsprings were compared between two groups. HepG2 cells were treated with recombinant IL6 (rIL6) to assess stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) expression and lipid synthesis in an inflammatory condition. Lipid accumulation was assayed in both SCD1 overexpression and interference HepG2 cells as well as in neonatal rats. Our results showed that HFD exposure before and throughout the pregnancy induced the elevated hepatic TG content of F1 neonates. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in the placenta, umbilical cord blood, and the livers of HFD F1 neonates were significantly higher than those of the SC group. In addition, rIL6 treatment led to TG accumulation accompanied by the upregulation of SCD1 in HepG2 cell lines. Overexpression of SCD1 led to the accumulation of TG contents in HepG2 cells, whereas Scd1 knockdown attenuated the effects of rIL6 treatment. Overexpression of SCD1 in F1 neonatal rats led to hepatic lipid accumulation. Our study indicated that maternal HFD led to intrauterine inflammation, which subsequently caused transgenerationally abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism of F1 neonates. This modulation might be mediated by upregulating SCD1 expression in hepatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baige Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongxiao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianren Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Feeding induces cholesterol biosynthesis via the mTORC1-USP20-HMGCR axis. Nature 2020; 588:479-484. [PMID: 33177714 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential lipid and its synthesis is nutritionally and energetically costly1,2. In mammals, cholesterol biosynthesis increases after feeding and is inhibited under fasting conditions3. However, the regulatory mechanisms of cholesterol biosynthesis at the fasting-feeding transition remain poorly understood. Here we show that the deubiquitylase ubiquitin-specific peptidase 20 (USP20) stabilizes HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, in the feeding state. The post-prandial increase in insulin and glucose concentration stimulates mTORC1 to phosphorylate USP20 at S132 and S134; USP20 is recruited to the HMGCR complex and antagonizes its degradation. The feeding-induced stabilization of HMGCR is abolished in mice with liver-specific Usp20 deletion and in USP20(S132A/S134A) knock-in mice. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of USP20 markedly decreases diet-induced body weight gain, reduces lipid levels in the serum and liver, improves insulin sensitivity and increases energy expenditure. These metabolic changes are reversed by expression of the constitutively stable HMGCR(K248R). This study reveals an unexpected regulatory axis from mTORC1 to HMGCR via USP20 phosphorylation and suggests that inhibitors of USP20 could be used to lower cholesterol levels to treat metabolic diseases including hyperlipidaemia, liver steatosis, obesity and diabetes.
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Anti-Obesity Effects of a Prunus persica and Nelumbo nucifera Mixture in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113392. [PMID: 33158191 PMCID: PMC7694277 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prunus persica and Nelumbo nucifera are major crops cultivated worldwide. In East Asia, both P. persica flowers and N. nucifera leaves are traditionally used for therapeutic purposes and consumed as teas for weight loss. Herein, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of an herbal extract mixture of P. persica and N. nucifera (HT077) and the underlying mechanism using a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet, HFD, HFD containing 0.02% orlistat (positive control), or HFD containing 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4% HT077 for 12 weeks. HT077 significantly reduced final body weights, weight gain, abdominal fat weights, liver weights, and hepatic levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol. HT077 also lowered glucose, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and leptin levels and increased AST/ALT and adiponectin/leptin ratios and adiponectin levels. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that HT077 decreased the expression of lipogenic genes and increased the expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes in adipose tissue. Our results indicate that HT077 exerts anti-obesity effects and prevents the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. These beneficial effects might be partially attributed to ameliorating adipokine imbalances and regulating lipid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation in adipose tissue.
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