1
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Jiang J, Li C, Chen C, Shi C, Song J. Tunable and Reversible Adhesive of Liquid Metal Ferrofluid Pillars for Magnetically Actuated Noncontact Transfer Printing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2314004. [PMID: 38760018 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Transfer printing techniques based on tunable and reversible adhesives enable the heterogeneous integration of materials in desired layouts and are essential for developing both existing and envisioned electronic systems. Here, a novel tunable and reversible adhesive of liquid metal ferrofluid pillars for developing an efficient magnetically actuated noncontact transfer printing is reported. The liquid metal ferrofluid pillars offer the appealing advantages of gentle contact force by minimizing the preload effect and exceptional shape adaptability by maximizing the interfacial contact area due to their inherent fluidity, thus enabling a reliable damage-free pickup. Moreover, the liquid metal ferrofluid pillars harness the rapid stiffness increase and shape change with the magnetic field, generating an instantaneous ejection force to achieve a receiver-independent noncontact printing. Demonstrations of the adhesive of liquid metal ferrofluid pillars in transfer printing of diverse objects with different shapes, materials and dimensions onto various substrates illustrate its great potential in deterministic assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Soft Matter Research Center, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, and State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Soft Matter Research Center, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, and State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chenhong Chen
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Soft Matter Research Center, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, and State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chuanqian Shi
- Center for Mechanics Plus under Extreme Environments, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jizhou Song
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Soft Matter Research Center, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, and State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China
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2
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Park H, Choi HY, Chae H, Noe Oo MM, Kang DJ. Electrohydrodynamic Nanopatterning: A Novel Solvent-Assisted Technique for Unconventional Substrates. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11949-11957. [PMID: 38079430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic (EHD)-driven patterning is a pioneering lithographic technique capable of replicating and modifying micro/nanostructures efficiently. However, this process is currently restricted to conventional substrates, as it necessitates a uniform and robust electric field over a large area. Consequently, the use of nontraditional substrates, such as those that are flexible, nonflat, or have high insulation, has been notably limited. In our study, we extend the applicability of EHD-driven patterning by introducing a solvent-assisted capillary peel-and-transfer method that allows the successful removal of diverse EHD-induced structures from their original substrates. Compared with the traditional route, our process boasts a success rate close to 100%. The detached structures can then be efficiently transferred to nonconventional substrates, overcoming the limitations of the traditional EHD process. Our method exhibits significant versatility, as evidenced by successful transfer of structures with engineered wettability and patterned structures composed of metals and metal oxides onto nonconventional substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunje Park
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Young Choi
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejoon Chae
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - May Myat Noe Oo
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Joon Kang
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
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3
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Zhang Y, Yin M, Xu B. Elastocapillary rolling transfer weaves soft materials to spatial structures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh9232. [PMID: 37611102 PMCID: PMC10446489 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh9232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Spatial structures of soft materials have attracted great attention because of emerging applications in wearable electronics, biomedical devices, and soft robotics, but there are no facile technologies available to assemble the soft materials into spatial structures. Here, we report a mechanical transfer route enabled by the rotational motion of curved substrates relative to the soft materials on liquid surface. This transfer can weave soft materials into a broad variety of spatial structures with controllable global weaving chirality and orders and could also produce local ear-like folds with programmable numbers and distributions. We further prove that multiple pieces of soft materials in different forms including wire, ribbon, and large-area film can be woven onto curved substrates with various three-dimensional geometry shapes. Application demonstrations on the woven freestanding spatial structures with on-demand weaving patterns and orders have been conducted to show the temperature-driven multimodal actuating functionalities for programmable robotic postures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Baoxing Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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4
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Liu S, Liao J, Huang X, Zhang Z, Wang W, Wang X, Shan Y, Li P, Hong Y, Peng Z, Li X, Khoo BL, Ho JC, Yang Z. Green Fabrication of Freestanding Piezoceramic Films for Energy Harvesting and Virus Detection. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:131. [PMID: 37209322 PMCID: PMC10199448 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Most electronics such as sensors, actuators and energy harvesters need piezoceramic films to interconvert mechanical and electrical energy. Transferring the ceramic films from their growth substrates for assembling electronic devices commonly requires chemical or physical etching, which comes at the sacrifice of the substrate materials, film cracks, and environmental contamination. Here, we introduce a van der Waals stripping method to fabricate large-area and freestanding piezoceramic thin films in a simple, green, and cost-effective manner. The introduction of the quasi van der Waals epitaxial platinum layer enables the capillary force of water to drive the separation process of the film and substrate interface. The fabricated lead-free film, [Formula: see text] (BCZT), shows a high piezoelectric coefficient d33 = 209 ± 10 pm V-1 and outstanding flexibility of maximum strain 2%. The freestanding feature enables a wide application scenario, including micro energy harvesting, and covid-19 spike protein detection. We further conduct a life cycle analysis and quantify the low energy consumption and low pollution of the water-based stripping film method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PRC
| | - Junchen Liao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PRC
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PRC
| | - Zhuomin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PRC
| | - Weijun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PRC
| | - Xuyang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Shan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PRC
| | - Pengyu Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PRC
| | - Ying Hong
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PRC
| | - Zehua Peng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PRC
| | - Xuemu Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PRC
| | - Bee Luan Khoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PRC
| | - Johnny C Ho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PRC
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR PRC
| | - Zhengbao Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PRC.
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5
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Kang K, Sang M, Xu B, Yu KJ. Fabrication of gold-doped crystalline-silicon nanomembrane-based wearable temperature sensor. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:101925. [PMID: 36528855 PMCID: PMC9792949 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Wearable temperature sensors with high thermal sensitivity are required for precise and continuous body temperature monitoring. Here, we present a protocol for fabricating a thin, stretchable, and ultrahigh thermal-sensitive wearable sensor based on gold-doped crystalline-silicon nanomembrane (SiNM). We provide detailed steps of gold doping technique to SiNM and fabrication processes for gold-doped crystalline-SiNM based wearable temperature sensor. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Sang et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyowon Kang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemungu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyu Sang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemungu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Baoxing Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Ki Jun Yu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemungu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, YU-KIST Institute, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemungu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Díaz-Marín CD, Li D, Vázquez-Cosme FJ, Pajovic S, Cha H, Song Y, Kilpatrick C, Vaartstra G, Wilson CT, Boriskina S, Wang EN. Capillary Transfer of Self-Assembled Colloidal Crystals. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1888-1896. [PMID: 36802577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal self-assembly has attracted significant interest in numerous applications including optics, electrochemistry, thermofluidics, and biomolecule templating. To meet the requirements of these applications, numerous fabrication methods have been developed. However, these are limited to narrow ranges of feature sizes, are incompatible with many substrates, and/or have low scalability, significantly limiting the use of colloidal self-assembly. In this work, we study the capillary transfer of colloidal crystals and demonstrate that this approach overcomes these limitations. Enabled by capillary transfer, we fabricate 2D colloidal crystals with nano-to-micro feature sizes spanning 2 orders of magnitude and on typically challenging substrates including those that are hydrophobic, rough, curved, or structured with microchannels. We developed and systemically validated a capillary peeling model, elucidating the underlying transfer physics. Due to its high versatility, good quality, and simplicity, this approach can expand the possibilities of colloidal self-assembly and enhance the performance of applications using colloidal crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Díaz-Marín
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Diane Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Fernando J Vázquez-Cosme
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Puerto Rico─Mayagüez, Mayagüez, 00681, Puerto Rico
| | - Simo Pajovic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hyeongyun Cha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Youngsup Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cameron Kilpatrick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Geoffrey Vaartstra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chad T Wilson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Svetlana Boriskina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Evelyn N Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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7
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Ma J, Zarin I, Miljkovic N. Direct Measurement of Solid-Liquid Interfacial Energy Using a Meniscus. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:246802. [PMID: 36563273 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.246802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Solid-liquid interactions are central to diverse processes. The interaction strength can be described by the solid-liquid interfacial free energy (γ_{SL}), a quantity that is difficult to measure. Here, we present the direct experimental measurement of γ_{SL} for a variety of solid materials, from nonpolar polymers to highly wetting metals. By attaching a thin solid film on top of a liquid meniscus, we create a solid-liquid interface. The interface determines the curvature of the meniscus, analysis of which yields γ_{SL} with an uncertainty of less than 10%. Measurement of classically challenging metal-water interfaces reveals γ_{SL}∼30-60 mJ/m^{2}, demonstrating quantitatively that water-metal adhesion is 80% stronger than the cohesion energy of bulk water, and experimentally verifying previous quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Ma
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801 Illinois, USA
| | - Ishrat Zarin
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801 Illinois, USA
| | - Nenad Miljkovic
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801 Illinois, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801 Illinois, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801 Illinois, USA
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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8
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Okmi A, Xiao X, Zhang Y, He R, Olunloyo O, Harris SB, Jabegu T, Li N, Maraba D, Sherif Y, Dyck O, Vlassiouk I, Xiao K, Dong P, Xu B, Lei S. Discovery of Graphene-Water Membrane Structure: Toward High-Quality Graphene Process. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201336. [PMID: 35856086 PMCID: PMC9475541 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that solid-state membranes are indispensable media for the graphene process, particularly transfer procedures. But these membranes inevitably bring contaminations and residues to the transferred graphene and consequently compromise the material quality. This study reports a newly observed free-standing graphene-water membrane structure, which replaces the conventional solid-state supporting media with liquid film to sustain the graphene integrity and continuity. Experimental observation, theoretical model, and molecular dynamics simulations consistently indicate that the high surface tension of pure water and its large contact angle with graphene are essential factors for forming such a membrane structure. More interestingly, water surface tension ensures the flatness of graphene layers and renders high transfer quality on many types of target substrates. This report enriches the understanding of the interactions on reduced dimensional material while rendering an alternative approach for scalable layered material processing with ensured quality for advanced manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Okmi
- Department of Physics and AstronomyGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA30303USA
- Department of PhysicsJazan UniversityJazan45142Saudi Arabia
| | - Xuemei Xiao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22904USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22904USA
| | - Rui He
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringGeorge Mason UniversityFairfax, VA22030USA
| | - Olugbenga Olunloyo
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA
| | - Sumner B. Harris
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)Oak Ridge National LabOak RidgeTN37830USA
| | - Tara Jabegu
- Department of Physics and AstronomyGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA30303USA
| | - Ningxin Li
- Department of Physics and AstronomyGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA30303USA
| | - Diren Maraba
- Department of Physics and AstronomyGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA30303USA
| | - Yasmeen Sherif
- Department of Physics and AstronomyGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA30303USA
| | - Ondrej Dyck
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)Oak Ridge National LabOak RidgeTN37830USA
| | - Ivan Vlassiouk
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)Oak Ridge National LabOak RidgeTN37830USA
| | - Kai Xiao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)Oak Ridge National LabOak RidgeTN37830USA
| | - Pei Dong
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringGeorge Mason UniversityFairfax, VA22030USA
| | - Baoxing Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22904USA
| | - Sidong Lei
- Department of Physics and AstronomyGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA30303USA
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9
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Han SS, Ko TJ, Shawkat MS, Shum AK, Bae TS, Chung HS, Ma J, Sattar S, Hafiz SB, Mahfuz MMA, Mofid SA, Larsson JA, Oh KH, Ko DK, Jung Y. Peel-and-Stick Integration of Atomically Thin Nonlayered PtS Semiconductors for Multidimensionally Stretchable Electronic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20268-20279. [PMID: 35442029 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Various near-atom-thickness two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) crystals with unparalleled electromechanical properties have been explored for transformative devices. Currently, the availability of 2D vdW crystals is rather limited in nature as they are only obtained from certain mother crystals with intrinsically possessed layered crystallinity and anisotropic molecular bonding. Recent efforts to transform conventionally non-vdW three-dimensional (3D) crystals into ultrathin 2D-like structures have seen rapid developments to explore device building blocks of unique form factors. Herein, we explore a "peel-and-stick" approach, where a nonlayered 3D platinum sulfide (PtS) crystal, traditionally known as a cooperate mineral material, is transformed into a freestanding 2D-like membrane for electromechanical applications. The ultrathin (∼10 nm) 3D PtS films grown on large-area (>cm2) silicon dioxide/silicon (SiO2/Si) wafers are precisely "peeled" inside water retaining desired geometries via a capillary-force-driven surface wettability control. Subsequently, they are "sticked" on strain-engineered patterned substrates presenting prominent semiconducting properties, i.e., p-type transport with an optical band gap of ∼1.24 eV. A variety of mechanically deformable strain-invariant electronic devices have been demonstrated by this peel-and-stick method, including biaxially stretchable photodetectors and respiratory sensing face masks. This study offers new opportunities of 2D-like nonlayered semiconducting crystals for emerging mechanically reconfigurable and stretchable device technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Sub Han
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jun Ko
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Mashiyat Sumaiya Shawkat
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | | | - Tae-Sung Bae
- Analytical Research Division, Korea Basic Science Institute, Jeonju 54907, South Korea
| | - Hee-Suk Chung
- Analytical Research Division, Korea Basic Science Institute, Jeonju 54907, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Shahid Sattar
- Applied Physics, Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå SE-97187, Sweden
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, SE-39231 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Shihab Bin Hafiz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Mohammad M Al Mahfuz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Sohrab Alex Mofid
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - J Andreas Larsson
- Applied Physics, Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå SE-97187, Sweden
| | - Kyu Hwan Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kyun Ko
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Yeonwoong Jung
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
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10
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Feng Y, Liu G, Xu J, Wang K, Mao W, Yao G. Particle Separation from Liquid Marbles by the Viscous Folding of Liquid Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:2055-2065. [PMID: 35120293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Particle separation from fluid interfaces is one of the major challenges due to the large capillary energy associated with particle adsorption. Previous approaches rely on physicochemical modification or tuning the electrostatic action. Here, we show experimentally that particle separation can be achieved by fast dynamics of drop impact on soap films. When a droplet wrapped with particles (liquid marble) collides with a soap film, it undergoes bouncing and coalescence, stripping and viscous separation, or tunneling through the film. Despite the violence of splashing events, the process robustly yields the stripping in a tunable range. This viscous separation is supported by the transfer front of dynamic contact among the film, particle crust, and drop and can be well controlled in a deterministic manner by selectable impact parameters. By extensive experiments, together with thermodynamic analysis, we disclose that the separation thresholds depend on the energy competition between the kinetic energy, the increased surface energy, and the viscous dissipation. The mechanical cracking of the particle crust arises from the complex coupling between interfacial stress and viscous forces. This study is of potential benefit in soft matter research and also permits the study of a drop with colloid and surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Jinliang Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Kaiying Wang
- Department of Microsystems, University of South-Eastern Norway, Horten 3184, Norway
| | - Wenbin Mao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Guansheng Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
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11
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Yin M, Alexander Kim Z, Xu B. Micro/Nanofluidic‐Enabled Biomedical Devices: Integration of Structural Design and Manufacturing. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Yin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Zachary Alexander Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Baoxing Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
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12
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Ma J, Kim JM, Hoque MJ, Thompson KJ, Nam S, Cahill DG, Miljkovic N. Role of Thin Film Adhesion on Capillary Peeling. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9983-9989. [PMID: 34788056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The capillary force can peel off a substrate-attached film if the adhesion energy (Gw) is low. Capillary peeling has been used as a convenient, rapid, and nondestructive method for fabricating free-standing thin films. However, the critical value of Gw, which leads to the transition between peeling and sticking, remains largely unknown. As a result, capillary peeling remains empirical and applicable to a limited set of materials. Here, we investigate the critical value of Gw and experimentally show the critical adhesion (Gw,c) to scale with the water-film interfacial energy (≈0.7γfw), which corresponds well with our theoretical prediction of Gw,c = γfw. Based on the critical adhesion, we propose quantitative thermodynamic guidelines for designing thin film interfaces that enable successful capillary peeling. The outcomes of this work present a powerful technique for thin film transfer and advanced nanofabrication in flexible photovoltaics, battery materials, biosensing, translational medicine, and stretchable bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Ma
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jin Myung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Muhammad Jahidul Hoque
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kamila J Thompson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - SungWoo Nam
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - David G Cahill
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nenad Miljkovic
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Park JK, Zhang Y, Xu B, Kim S. Pattern transfer of large-scale thin membranes with controllable self-delamination interface for integrated functional systems. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6882. [PMID: 34836961 PMCID: PMC8626417 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct transfer of pre-patterned device-grade nano-to-microscale materials highly benefits many existing and potential, high performance, heterogeneously integrated functional systems over conventional lithography-based microfabrication. We present, in combined theory and experiment, a self-delamination-driven pattern transfer of a single crystalline silicon thin membrane via well-controlled interfacial design in liquid media. This pattern transfer allows the usage of an intermediate or mediator substrate where both front and back sides of a thin membrane are capable of being integrated with standard lithographical processing, thereby achieving deterministic assembly of the thin membrane into a multi-functional system. Implementations of these capabilities are demonstrated in broad variety of applications ranging from electronics to microelectromechanical systems, wetting and filtration, and metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kyu Park
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
| | - Baoxing Xu
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
| | - Seok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
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14
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Song SW, Lee S, Choe JK, Kim NH, Kang J, Lee AC, Choi Y, Choi A, Jeong Y, Lee W, Kim JY, Kwon S, Kim J. Direct 2D-to-3D transformation of pen drawings. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/13/eabf3804. [PMID: 33762344 PMCID: PMC7990349 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pen drawing is a method that allows simple, inexpensive, and intuitive two-dimensional (2D) fabrication. To integrate such advantages of pen drawing in fabricating 3D objects, we developed a 3D fabrication technology that can directly transform pen-drawn 2D precursors into 3D geometries. 2D-to-3D transformation of pen drawings is facilitated by surface tension-driven capillary peeling and floating of dried ink film when the drawing is dipped into an aqueous monomer solution. Selective control of the floating and anchoring parts of a 2D precursor allowed the 2D drawing to transform into the designed 3D structure. The transformed 3D geometry can then be fixed by structural reinforcement using surface-initiated polymerization. By transforming simple pen-drawn 2D structures into complex 3D structures, our approach enables freestyle rapid prototyping via pen drawing, as well as mass production of 3D objects via roll-to-roll processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Woo Song
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sumin Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jun Kyu Choe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Na-Hyang Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Junwon Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Amos Chungwon Lee
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yeongjae Choi
- Nano Systems Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ahyoun Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yunjin Jeong
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Wooseok Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kwon
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Nano Systems Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jiyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea.
- Center for Multidimensional Programmable Matter, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
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15
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Li X, Zhang Y, Li M, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Huang C. Convex-Meniscus-Assisted Self-Assembly at the Air/Water Interface to Prepare a Wafer-Scale Colloidal Monolayer Without Overlap. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:249-256. [PMID: 33355471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly at the air/water interface (AWI) has proven to be an efficient strategy for fabricating two-dimensional (2D) colloidal monolayers, which was widely used as the template for nanosphere lithography in nanophononics, optofluidics, and solar cell studies. However, the monolayers fabricated at the AWI usually suffer from a small domain area and quasi-double layer structure caused by submerged particles. To overcome this, we proposed an improved protocol to prepare 2D colloidal monolayers free of overlapping nanospheres at the AWI. Utilizing the stable suspension infusion to the water surface, a convex meniscus, whose height is related to viscous force, was formed adjoining the three-phase boundary. As a result of the resistance of the convex meniscus, the polystyrene nanospheres in the initial suspension directly self-assembled into a preliminary monolayer, which proved effective in preventing nanospheres' sinking and increasing the colloidal crystal domain size. An optimal parameter for transferring the monolayer was also developed based on the numerical simulation results. Finally, a wafer-scale monolayer, covered with less than one nanosphere per 100 μm × 100 μm area, was achieved on the desired substrate with an average domain size attaining centimeter scale. The high-quality 2D colloidal crystal may further promote the application of nanosphere lithography, especially in the fields that require a defect-free template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- R&D Center of Healthcare Electronics, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yijun Zhang
- R&D Center of Healthcare Electronics, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingxiao Li
- R&D Center of Healthcare Electronics, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- R&D Center of Healthcare Electronics, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lingqian Zhang
- R&D Center of Healthcare Electronics, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chengjun Huang
- R&D Center of Healthcare Electronics, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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16
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Berkenbrock JA, Grecco-Machado R, Achenbach S. Microfluidic devices for the detection of viruses: aspects of emergency fabrication during the COVID-19 pandemic and other outbreaks. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 476:20200398. [PMID: 33363440 PMCID: PMC7735301 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2020.0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive testing of populations against COVID-19 has been suggested as a game-changer quest to control the spread of this contagious disease and to avoid further disruption in our social, healthcare and economical systems. Nonetheless, testing millions of people for a new virus brings about quite a few challenges. The development of effective tests for the new coronavirus has become a worldwide task that relies on recent discoveries and lessons learned from past outbreaks. In this work, we review the most recent publications on microfluidics devices for the detection of viruses. The topics of discussion include different detection approaches, methods of signalling and fabrication techniques. Besides the miniaturization of traditional benchtop detection assays, approaches such as electrochemical analyses, field-effect transistors and resistive pulse sensors are considered. For emergency fabrication of quick test kits, the local capabilities must be evaluated, and the joint work of universities, industries, and governments seems to be an unequivocal necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alvim Berkenbrock
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Rafaela Grecco-Machado
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sven Achenbach
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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17
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Hou Y, Ren X, Fan J, Wang G, Dai Z, Jin C, Wang W, Zhu Y, Zhang S, Liu L, Zhang Z. Preparation of Twisted Bilayer Graphene via the Wetting Transfer Method. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:40958-40967. [PMID: 32805838 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Assembling monolayers into a bilayer system unlocks the rotational free degree of van der Waals (vdW) homo/heterostructure, enabling the building of twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) which possesses novel electronic, optical, and mechanical properties. Previous methods for preparation of homo/heterstructures inevitably leave the polymer residue or hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) mask, which usually obstructs the measurement of intrinsic mechanical and surface properties of tBLG. Undoubtedly, to fabricate the designable tBLG with clean interface and surface is necessary but challenging. Here, we propose a simple and handy method to prepare atomically clean twisted bilayer graphene with controllable twist angles based on wetting-induced delamination. This method can transfer tBLG onto a patterned substrate, which offers an excellent platform for the observation of physical phenomena such as relaxation of moiré pattern in marginally tBLG. These findings and insight should ultimately guide the designable packaging and atomic characterization of the two-dimensional (2D) materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xibiao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jingcun Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Guorui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohe Dai
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chuanhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yinbo Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Luqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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