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Li H, Sun D, Zhao Z, Fang J, Li M, Lv C, Zhou W, Li N, Guo Y, Cao Z, Liu K, Chen X. Neutrophil membrane-derived nanoparticles protect traumatic brain injury via inhibiting calcium overload and scavenging ROS. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:477. [PMID: 39135044 PMCID: PMC11320991 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The secondary injury is more serious after traumatic brain injury (TBI) compared with primary injury. Release of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ influx at the damaged site trigger the secondary injury. Herein, a neutrophil-like cell membrane-functionalized nanoparticle was developed to prevent ROS-associated secondary injury. NCM@MP was composed of three parts: (1) Differentiated neutrophil-like cell membrane (NCM) was synthesized, with inflammation-responsive ability to achieve effective targeting and to increase the retention time of Mn3O4 and nimodipine (MP) in deep injury brain tissue via C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4, integrin beta 1 and macrophage antigen-1. (2) Nimodipine was used to inhibit Ca2+ influx, eliminating the ROS at source. (3) Mn3O4 further eradicated the existing ROS. In addition, NCM@MP also exhibited desirable properties for T1 enhanced imaging and low toxicity which may serve as promising multifunctional nanoplatforms for precise therapies. In our study, NCM@MP obviously alleviated oxidative stress response, reduced neuroinflammation, protected blood-brain barrier integrity, relieved brain edema, promoted the regeneration of neurons, and improved the cognition of TBI mice. This study provides a promising TBI management to relieve the secondary spread of damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqing Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Duo Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhenghuan Zhao
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jingqin Fang
- Department of Ultrasound, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Muyao Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chaoqun Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Weicheng Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Radiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhile Cao
- Department of Radiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Kaijun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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2
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Hu Y, Xu Z, Zhou D, Hou H, Liu B, Long H, Hu W, Tang Y, Wang J, Wei D, Zhao Q. CXCR4 promotes migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of papillary thyroid carcinoma by activating STAT3 signaling pathway. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:1241-1250. [PMID: 39206986 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2395_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a serious threat to human health worldwide, while metastasis in the early phase limits therapeutic success and leads to poor survival outcomes. The CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) plays an important role in many cellular movements such as transcriptional modulation, cell skeleton rearrangement, and cell migration, and the change in CXCR4 levels are crucial in various diseases including cancer. In this study, we explored the role of CXCR4 in the migration and invasion of PTC and investigated the potential mechanisms underlying its effects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We analyzed the expression levels of CXCR4 in PTC tissues and cell lines. Would healing migration, Transwell invasion assay in vitro, and tail-vein lung metastasis assay In vivo were performed to evaluated the migration and invasion abilities of PTC cells with stable CXCR4 knockdown or overexpression. Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT3) signaling pathway-related protein expressions were examined by Western blotting assays. RESULTS The results showed that CXCR4 was highly expressed in PTC cell lines and PTC tissues. CXCR4 knockdown in PTC cells dampened the migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas CXCR4 overexpression enhanced these properties. In vivo, we also found that CXCR4 promoted the metastasis of PTC. Mechanistic studies showed that CXCR4 played these vital roles through the STAT3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, PTC patients with high CXCR4 or p-STAT3 expression correlated with aggressive clinical characteristics such as extrathyroidal extension (ETE), and lymph node metastasis (LNM). CONCLUSIONS We provided evidence that CXCR4 might activate the STAT3 signaling pathway and further promote PTC development. Thus, CXCR4 might be a novel therapeutic target for PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Hu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haitao Hou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Houlong Long
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Wenxin Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanqi Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianning Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Wei
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Quanlin Zhao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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3
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Inan T, Flinko R, Lewis GK, MacKerell AD, Kurkcuoglu O. Identifying and Assessing Putative Allosteric Sites and Modulators for CXCR4 Predicted through Network Modeling and Site Identification by Ligand Competitive Saturation. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5157-5174. [PMID: 38647430 PMCID: PMC11139592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is a critical target for the treatment of several cancer types and HIV-1 infections. While orthosteric and allosteric modulators have been developed targeting its extracellular or transmembrane regions, the intramembrane region of CXCR4 may also include allosteric binding sites suitable for the development of allosteric drugs. To investigate this, we apply the Gaussian Network Model (GNM) to the monomeric and dimeric forms of CXCR4 to identify residues essential for its local and global motions located in the hinge regions of the protein. Residue interaction network (RIN) analysis suggests hub residues that participate in allosteric communication throughout the receptor. Mutual residues from the network models reside in regions with a high capacity to alter receptor dynamics upon ligand binding. We then investigate the druggability of these potential allosteric regions using the site identification by ligand competitive saturation (SILCS) approach, revealing two putative allosteric sites on the monomer and three on the homodimer. Two screening campaigns with Glide and SILCS-Monte Carlo docking using FDA-approved drugs suggest 20 putative hit compounds including antifungal drugs, anticancer agents, HIV protease inhibitors, and antimalarial drugs. In vitro assays considering mAB 12G5 and CXCL12 demonstrate both positive and negative allosteric activities of these compounds, supporting our computational approach. However, in vivo functional assays based on the recruitment of β-arrestin to CXCR4 do not show significant agonism and antagonism at a single compound concentration. The present computational pipeline brings a new perspective to computer-aided drug design by combining conformational dynamics based on network analysis and cosolvent analysis based on the SILCS technology to identify putative allosteric binding sites using CXCR4 as a showcase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Inan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical
University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Robin Flinko
- Institute
of Human Virology, University of Maryland
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - George K. Lewis
- Institute
of Human Virology, University of Maryland
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Alexander D. MacKerell
- University
of Maryland Computer-Aided Drug Design Center, Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University
of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Ozge Kurkcuoglu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical
University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
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4
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Zhou X, Septien-Gonzalez H, Husaini S, Ward RJ, Milligan G, Gradinaru CC. Diffusion and Oligomerization States of the Muscarinic M 1 Receptor in Live Cells─The Impact of Ligands and Membrane Disruptors. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:4354-4366. [PMID: 38683784 PMCID: PMC11090110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a major gateway to cellular signaling, which respond to ligands binding at extracellular sites through allosteric conformational changes that modulate their interactions with G proteins and arrestins at intracellular sites. High-resolution structures in different ligand states, together with spectroscopic studies and molecular dynamics simulations, have revealed a rich conformational landscape of GPCRs. However, their supramolecular structure and spatiotemporal distribution is also thought to play a significant role in receptor activation and signaling bias within the native cell membrane environment. Here, we applied single-molecule fluorescence techniques, including single-particle tracking, single-molecule photobleaching, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, to characterize the diffusion and oligomerization behavior of the muscarinic M1 receptor (M1R) in live cells. Control samples included the monomeric protein CD86 and fixed cells, and experiments performed in the presence of different orthosteric M1R ligands and of several compounds known to change the fluidity and organization of the lipid bilayer. M1 receptors exhibit Brownian diffusion characterized by three diffusion constants: confined/immobile (∼0.01 μm2/s), slow (∼0.04 μm2/s), and fast (∼0.14 μm2/s), whose populations were found to be modulated by both orthosteric ligands and membrane disruptors. The lipid raft disruptor C6 ceramide led to significant changes for CD86, while the diffusion of M1R remained unchanged, indicating that M1 receptors do not partition in lipid rafts. The extent of receptor oligomerization was found to be promoted by increasing the level of expression and the binding of orthosteric ligands; in particular, the agonist carbachol elicited a large increase in the fraction of M1R oligomers. This study provides new insights into the balance between conformational and environmental factors that define the movement and oligomerization states of GPCRs in live cells under close-to-native conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhou
- Department
of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
- Department
of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Horacio Septien-Gonzalez
- Department
of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Sami Husaini
- Department
of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Richard J. Ward
- Centre
for Translational Pharmacology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College
of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Centre
for Translational Pharmacology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College
of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Claudiu C. Gradinaru
- Department
of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
- Department
of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
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5
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Cai H, Meng Z, Yu F. The involvement of ROS-regulated programmed cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 197:104361. [PMID: 38626849 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxidative species (ROS) is a crucial factor in the regulation of cellular biological activity and function, and aberrant levels of ROS can contribute to the development of a variety of diseases, particularly cancer. Numerous discoveries have affirmed that this process is strongly associated with "programmed cell death (PCD)," which refers to the suicide protection mechanism initiated by cells in response to external stimuli, such as apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, etc. Research has demonstrated that ROS-induced PCD is crucial for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These activities serve a dual function in both facilitating and inhibiting cancer, suggesting the existence of a delicate balance within healthy cells that can be disrupted by the abnormal generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby influencing the eventual advancement or regression of a tumor. In this review, we summarize how ROS regulates PCD to influence the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC. Studying how ROS-induced PCD affects the progression of HCC at a molecular level can help develop better prevention and treatment methods and facilitate the design of more effective preventative and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchen Cai
- The First Afliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ziqi Meng
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fujun Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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6
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Liang J, Seghiri M, Singh PK, Seo HG, Lee JY, Jo Y, Song YB, Park C, Zalicki P, Jeong JY, Huh WK, Caculitan NG, Smith AW. The β2-adrenergic receptor associates with CXCR4 multimers in human cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2304897121. [PMID: 38547061 PMCID: PMC10998613 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304897121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
While the existence and functional role of class C G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) dimers is well established, there is still a lack of consensus regarding class A and B GPCR multimerization. This lack of consensus is largely due to the inherent challenges of demonstrating the presence of multimeric receptor complexes in a physiologically relevant cellular context. The C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a class A GPCR that is a promising target of anticancer therapy. Here, we investigated the potential of CXCR4 to form multimeric complexes with other GPCRs and characterized the relative size of the complexes in a live-cell environment. Using a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay, we identified the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) as an interaction partner. To investigate the molecular scale details of CXCR4-β2AR interactions, we used a time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy method called pulsed-interleaved excitation fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (PIE-FCCS). PIE-FCCS can resolve membrane protein density, diffusion, and multimerization state in live cells at physiological expression levels. We probed CXCR4 and β2AR homo- and heteromultimerization in model cell lines and found that CXCR4 assembles into multimeric complexes larger than dimers in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and in HCC4006 human lung cancer cells. We also found that β2AR associates with CXCR4 multimers in MDA-MB-231 and HCC4006 cells to a higher degree than in COS-7 and CHO cells and in a ligand-dependent manner. These results suggest that CXCR4-β2AR heteromers are present in human cancer cells and that GPCR multimerization is significantly affected by the plasma membrane environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH44325
| | - Mohamed Seghiri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH44325
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79409
| | - Pradeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH44325
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79409
| | - Hyeon Gyu Seo
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul08790, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Lee
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul08790, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjung Jo
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul08790, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Bhum Song
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulo Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Piotr Zalicki
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul08790, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Jeong
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul08790, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Huh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Adam W. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH44325
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79409
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7
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White CW, Platt S, Kilpatrick LE, Dale N, Abhayawardana RS, Dekkers S, Kindon ND, Kellam B, Stocks MJ, Pfleger KDG, Hill SJ. CXCL17 is an allosteric inhibitor of CXCR4 through a mechanism of action involving glycosaminoglycans. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eabl3758. [PMID: 38502733 PMCID: PMC7615768 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abl3758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
CXCL17 is a chemokine principally expressed by mucosal tissues, where it facilitates chemotaxis of monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages and has antimicrobial properties. CXCL17 is also implicated in the pathology of inflammatory disorders and progression of several cancers, and its expression is increased during viral infections of the lung. However, the exact role of CXCL17 in health and disease requires further investigation, and there is a need for confirmed molecular targets mediating CXCL17 functional responses. Using a range of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based assays, here we demonstrated that CXCL17 inhibited CXCR4-mediated signaling and ligand binding. Moreover, CXCL17 interacted with neuropillin-1, a VEGFR2 coreceptor. In addition, we found that CXCL17 only inhibited CXCR4 ligand binding in intact cells and demonstrated that this effect was mimicked by known glycosaminoglycan binders, surfen and protamine sulfate. Disruption of putative GAG binding domains in CXCL17 prevented CXCR4 binding. This indicated that CXCL17 inhibited CXCR4 by a mechanism of action that potentially required the presence of a glycosaminoglycan-containing accessory protein. Together, our results revealed that CXCL17 is an endogenous inhibitor of CXCR4 and represents the next step in our understanding of the function of CXCL17 and regulation of CXCR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl W. White
- Cell Signalling and Pharmacology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
- Dimerix Limited, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon Platt
- Cell Signalling and Pharmacology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Laura E. Kilpatrick
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Dale
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
| | - Rekhati S. Abhayawardana
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
| | - Sebastian Dekkers
- Cell Signalling and Pharmacology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D Kindon
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Barrie Kellam
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin D. G. Pfleger
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
- Dimerix Limited, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Hill
- Cell Signalling and Pharmacology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
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8
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Bestsennaia E, Maslov I, Balandin T, Alekseev A, Yudenko A, Abu Shamseye A, Zabelskii D, Baumann A, Catapano C, Karathanasis C, Gordeliy V, Heilemann M, Gensch T, Borshchevskiy V. Channelrhodopsin-2 Oligomerization in Cell Membrane Revealed by Photo-Activated Localization Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202307555. [PMID: 38226794 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Microbial rhodopsins are retinal membrane proteins that found a broad application in optogenetics. The oligomeric state of rhodopsins is important for their functionality and stability. Of particular interest is the oligomeric state in the cellular native membrane environment. Fluorescence microscopy provides powerful tools to determine the oligomeric state of membrane proteins directly in cells. Among these methods is quantitative photoactivated localization microscopy (qPALM) allowing the investigation of molecular organization at the level of single protein clusters. Here, we apply qPALM to investigate the oligomeric state of the first and most used optogenetic tool Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. ChR2 appeared predominantly as a dimer in the cell membrane and did not form higher oligomers. The disulfide bonds between Cys34 and Cys36 of adjacent ChR2 monomers were not required for dimer formation and mutations disrupting these bonds resulted in only partial monomerization of ChR2. The monomeric fraction increased when the total concentration of mutant ChR2 in the membrane was low. The dissociation constant was estimated for this partially monomerized mutant ChR2 as 2.2±0.9 proteins/μm2 . Our findings are important for understanding the mechanistic basis of ChR2 activity as well as for improving existing and developing future optogenetic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Bestsennaia
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 1, IBI-1 (Molecular and Cellular Physiology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ivan Maslov
- Dynamic Bioimaging Lab, Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre and the Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, B3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Division for Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Taras Balandin
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 7, IBI-7 (Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexey Alekseev
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Yudenko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Assalla Abu Shamseye
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 1, IBI-1 (Molecular and Cellular Physiology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 7, IBI-7 (Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dmitrii Zabelskii
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 7, IBI-7 (Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- European XFEL, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Arnd Baumann
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 1, IBI-1 (Molecular and Cellular Physiology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Claudia Catapano
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christos Karathanasis
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Valentin Gordeliy
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 7, IBI-7 (Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Mike Heilemann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Gensch
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 1, IBI-1 (Molecular and Cellular Physiology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Valentin Borshchevskiy
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 7, IBI-7 (Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
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9
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Lohse MJ, Bock A, Zaccolo M. G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling: New Insights Define Cellular Nanodomains. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 64:387-415. [PMID: 37683278 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-040623-115054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors are the largest and pharmacologically most important receptor family and are involved in the regulation of most cell functions. Most of them reside exclusively at the cell surface, from where they signal via heterotrimeric G proteins to control the production of second messengers such as cAMP and IP3 as well as the activity of several ion channels. However, they may also internalize upon agonist stimulation or constitutively reside in various intracellular locations. Recent evidence indicates that their function differs depending on their precise cellular localization. This is because the signals they produce, notably cAMP and Ca2+, are mostly bound to cell proteins that significantly reduce their mobility, allowing the generation of steep concentration gradients. As a result, signals generated by the receptors remain confined to nanometer-sized domains. We propose that such nanometer-sized domains represent the basic signaling units in a cell and a new type of target for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Lohse
- ISAR Bioscience Institute, Planegg/Munich, Germany;
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bock
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and National Institute for Health and Care Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;
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10
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Kuhn TB, Minamide LS, Tahtamouni LH, Alderfer SA, Walsh KP, Shaw AE, Yanouri O, Haigler HJ, Ruff MR, Bamburg JR. Chemokine Receptor Antagonists Prevent and Reverse Cofilin-Actin Rod Pathology and Protect Synapses in Cultured Rodent and Human iPSC-Derived Neurons. Biomedicines 2024; 12:93. [PMID: 38255199 PMCID: PMC10813319 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Synapse loss is the principal cause of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders (ADRD). Synapse development depends on the intricate dynamics of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Cofilin, the major protein regulating actin dynamics, can be sequestered into cofilactin rods, intra-neurite bundles of cofilin-saturated actin filaments that can disrupt vesicular trafficking and cause synaptic loss. Rods are a brain pathology in human AD and mouse models of AD and ADRD. Eliminating rods is the focus of this paper. One pathway for rod formation is triggered in ~20% of rodent hippocampal neurons by disease-related factors (e.g., soluble oligomers of Amyloid-β (Aβ)) and requires cellular prion protein (PrPC), active NADPH oxidase (NOX), and cytokine/chemokine receptors (CCRs). FDA-approved antagonists of CXCR4 and CCR5 inhibit Aβ-induced rods in both rodent and human neurons with effective concentrations for 50% rod reduction (EC50) of 1-10 nM. Remarkably, two D-amino acid receptor-active peptides (RAP-103 and RAP-310) inhibit Aβ-induced rods with an EC50 of ~1 pM in mouse neurons and ~0.1 pM in human neurons. These peptides are analogs of D-Ala-Peptide T-Amide (DAPTA) and share a pentapeptide sequence (TTNYT) antagonistic to several CCR-dependent responses. RAP-103 does not inhibit neuritogenesis or outgrowth even at 1 µM, >106-fold above its EC50. N-terminal methylation, or D-Thr to D-Ser substitution, decreases the rod-inhibiting potency of RAP-103 by 103-fold, suggesting high target specificity. Neither RAP peptide inhibits neuronal rod formation induced by excitotoxic glutamate, but both inhibit rods induced in human neurons by several PrPC/NOX pathway activators (Aβ, HIV-gp120 protein, and IL-6). Significantly, RAP-103 completely protects against Aβ-induced loss of mature and developing synapses and, at 0.1 nM, reverses rods in both rodent and human neurons (T½ ~ 3 h) even in the continuous presence of Aβ. Thus, this orally available, brain-permeable peptide should be highly effective in reducing rod pathology in multifactorial neurological diseases with mixed proteinopathies acting through PrPC/NOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B. Kuhn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (T.B.K.); (L.S.M.); (L.H.T.); (K.P.W.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Laurie S. Minamide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (T.B.K.); (L.S.M.); (L.H.T.); (K.P.W.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Lubna H. Tahtamouni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (T.B.K.); (L.S.M.); (L.H.T.); (K.P.W.); (A.E.S.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Sydney A. Alderfer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Keifer P. Walsh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (T.B.K.); (L.S.M.); (L.H.T.); (K.P.W.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Alisa E. Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (T.B.K.); (L.S.M.); (L.H.T.); (K.P.W.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Omar Yanouri
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Henry J. Haigler
- Creative Bio-Peptides, Inc., 10319 Glen Road, Suite 100, Potomac, MD 20854, USA; (H.J.H.); (M.R.R.)
| | - Michael R. Ruff
- Creative Bio-Peptides, Inc., 10319 Glen Road, Suite 100, Potomac, MD 20854, USA; (H.J.H.); (M.R.R.)
| | - James R. Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (T.B.K.); (L.S.M.); (L.H.T.); (K.P.W.); (A.E.S.)
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
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11
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Fessl T, Majellaro M, Bondar A. Microscopy and spectroscopy approaches to study GPCR structure and function. Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 38087925 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The GPCR signalling cascade is a key pathway responsible for the signal transduction of a multitude of physical and chemical stimuli, including light, odorants, neurotransmitters and hormones. Understanding the structural and functional properties of the GPCR cascade requires direct observation of signalling processes in high spatial and temporal resolution, with minimal perturbation to endogenous systems. Optical microscopy and spectroscopy techniques are uniquely suited to this purpose because they excel at multiple spatial and temporal scales and can be used in living objects. Here, we review recent developments in microscopy and spectroscopy technologies which enable new insights into GPCR signalling. We focus on advanced techniques with high spatial and temporal resolution, single-molecule methods, labelling strategies and approaches suitable for endogenous systems and large living objects. This review aims to assist researchers in choosing appropriate microscopy and spectroscopy approaches for a variety of applications in the study of cellular signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Fessl
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Alexey Bondar
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Histology, Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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12
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Liu R, Friedrich M, Hemmen K, Jansen K, Adolfi MC, Schartl M, Heinze KG. Dimerization of melanocortin 4 receptor controls puberty onset and body size polymorphism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1267590. [PMID: 38027153 PMCID: PMC10667928 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1267590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Xiphophorus fish exhibit a clear phenotypic polymorphism in puberty onset and reproductive strategies of males. In X. nigrensis and X. multilineatus, puberty onset is genetically determined and linked to a melanocortin 4 receptor (Mc4r) polymorphism of wild-type and mutant alleles on the sex chromosomes. We hypothesized that Mc4r mutant alleles act on wild-type alleles by a dominant negative effect through receptor dimerization, leading to differential intracellular signaling and effector gene activation. Depending on signaling strength, the onset of puberty either occurs early or is delayed. Here, we show by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) that wild-type Xiphophorus Mc4r monomers can form homodimers, but also heterodimers with mutant receptors resulting in compromised signaling which explains the reduced Mc4r signaling in large males. Thus, hetero- vs. homo- dimerization seems to be the key molecular mechanism for the polymorphism in puberty onset and body size in male fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Liu
- Molecular Microscopy, Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translation Bioimaging, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Wuerzburg, Germany
- Developmental Biochemistry, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mike Friedrich
- Molecular Microscopy, Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translation Bioimaging, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Katherina Hemmen
- Molecular Microscopy, Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translation Bioimaging, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Jansen
- Molecular Microscopy, Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translation Bioimaging, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mateus C. Adolfi
- Developmental Biochemistry, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Developmental Biochemistry, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Wuerzburg, Germany
- The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States
| | - Katrin G. Heinze
- Molecular Microscopy, Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translation Bioimaging, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Wuerzburg, Germany
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13
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Sukhtankar DD, Fung JJ, Kim MN, Cayton T, Chiou V, Caculitan NG, Zalicki P, Kim S, Jo Y, Kim S, Lee JM, Choi J, Mun S, Chin A, Jang Y, Lee JY, Kim G, Kim EH, Huh WK, Jeong JY, Seen DS, Cardarelli PM. GPC-100, a novel CXCR4 antagonist, improves in vivo hematopoietic cell mobilization when combined with propranolol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287863. [PMID: 37878624 PMCID: PMC10599528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT) is increasingly used to treat hematological malignancies. A key requisite for ASCT is mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells into peripheral blood, where they are collected by apheresis and stored for later transplantation. However, success is often hindered by poor mobilization due to factors including prior treatments. The combination of G-CSF and GPC-100, a small molecule antagonist of CXCR4, showed potential in a multiple myeloma clinical trial for sufficient and rapid collection of CD34+ stem cells, compared to the historical results from the standards of care, G-CSF alone or G-CSF with plerixafor, also a CXCR4 antagonist. In the present study, we show that GPC-100 has high affinity towards the chemokine receptor CXCR4, and it potently inhibits β-arrestin recruitment, calcium flux and cell migration mediated by its ligand CXCL12. Proximity Ligation Assay revealed that in native cell systems with endogenous receptor expression, CXCR4 co-localizes with the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR). Co-treatment with CXCL12 and the β2AR agonist epinephrine synergistically increases β-arrestin recruitment to CXCR4 and calcium flux. This increase is blocked by the co-treatment with GPC-100 and propranolol, a non-selective beta-adrenergic blocker, indicating a functional synergy. In mice, GPC-100 mobilized more white blood cells into peripheral blood compared to plerixafor. GPC-100 induced mobilization was further amplified by propranolol pretreatment and was comparable to mobilization by G-CSF. Addition of propranolol to the G-CSF and GPC-100 combination resulted in greater stem cell mobilization than the G-CSF and plerixafor combination. Together, our studies suggest that the combination of GPC-100 and propranolol is a novel strategy for stem cell mobilization and support the current clinical trial in multiple myeloma registered as NCT05561751 at www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devki D. Sukhtankar
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Juan José Fung
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Mi-na Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas Cayton
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Valerie Chiou
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Niña G. Caculitan
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Piotr Zalicki
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Sujeong Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjung Jo
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SoHui Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min Lee
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Choi
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ashley Chin
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Yongdae Jang
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Lee
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gowoon Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Huh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Jeong
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Pina M. Cardarelli
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
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14
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Di Marino D, Conflitti P, Motta S, Limongelli V. Structural basis of dimerization of chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6439. [PMID: 37833254 PMCID: PMC10575954 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are prominent drug targets responsible for extracellular-to-intracellular signal transduction. GPCRs can form functional dimers that have been poorly characterized so far. Here, we show the dimerization mechanism of the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 by means of an advanced free-energy technique named coarse-grained metadynamics. Our results reproduce binding events between the GPCRs occurring in the minute timescale, revealing a symmetric and an asymmetric dimeric structure for each of the three investigated systems, CCR5/CCR5, CXCR4/CXCR4, and CCR5/CXCR4. The transmembrane helices TM4-TM5 and TM6-TM7 are the preferred binding interfaces for CCR5 and CXCR4, respectively. The identified dimeric states differ in the access to the binding sites of the ligand and G protein, indicating that dimerization may represent a fine allosteric mechanism to regulate receptor activity. Our study offers structural basis for the design of ligands able to modulate the formation of CCR5 and CXCR4 dimers and in turn their activity, with therapeutic potential against HIV, cancer, and immune-inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Di Marino
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences - New York-Marche Structural Biology Centre (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
- Neuronal Death and Neuroprotection Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research-IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Conflitti
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Euler Institute, Via G. Buffi 13, CH-6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Motta
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Limongelli
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Euler Institute, Via G. Buffi 13, CH-6900, Lugano, Switzerland.
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15
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Chen G, Obal D. Detecting and measuring of GPCR signaling - comparison of human induced pluripotent stem cells and immortal cell lines. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1179600. [PMID: 37293485 PMCID: PMC10244570 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1179600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of transmembrane proteins that play a major role in many physiological processes, and thus GPCR-targeted drug development has been widely promoted. Although research findings generated in immortal cell lines have contributed to the advancement of the GPCR field, the homogenous genetic backgrounds, and the overexpression of GPCRs in these cell lines make it difficult to correlate the results with clinical patients. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have the potential to overcome these limitations, because they contain patient specific genetic information and can differentiate into numerous cell types. To detect GPCRs in hiPSCs, highly selective labeling and sensitive imaging techniques are required. This review summarizes existing resonance energy transfer and protein complementation assay technologies, as well as existing and new labeling methods. The difficulties of extending existing detection methods to hiPSCs are discussed, as well as the potential of hiPSCs to expand GPCR research towards personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxian Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Detlef Obal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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16
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He H, Qin G, Bi S, Feng Z, Mao J, Guan X, Xue M, Wang Z, Wang X, Yu D, Huang F. Deep-Learning-Enhanced Diffusion Imaging Assay for Resolving Local-Density Effects on Membrane Receptors. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3300-3308. [PMID: 36716433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) density at the cell surface is thought to regulate receptor function. Spatially resolved measurements of local-density effects on GPCRs are needed but technically limited by density heterogeneity and mobility of membrane receptors. We now develop a deep-learning (DL)-enhanced diffusion imaging assay that can measure local-density effects on ligand-receptor interactions in the plasma membrane of live cells. In this method, the DL algorithm allows the transformation of 100 ms exposure images to density maps that report receptor numbers over any specified region with ∼95% accuracy by 1 s exposure images as ground truth. With the density maps, a diffusion assay is further established for spatially resolved measurements of receptor diffusion coefficient as well as to express relationships between receptor diffusivity and local density. By this assay, we scrutinize local-density effects on chemokine receptor CXCR4 interactions with various ligands, which reveals that an agonist prefers to act with CXCR4 at low density while an inverse agonist dominates at high density. This work suggests a new insight into density-dependent receptor regulation as well as provides an unprecedented assay that can be applicable to a wide variety of receptors in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Guangyong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Simin Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Zhenzhen Feng
- Technical Center of Qingdao Customs District, Qingdao266500, China
| | - Jian Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Xin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Minmin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Zhirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Daoyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
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17
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Platelet P2Y 1 receptor exhibits constitutive G protein signaling and β-arrestin 2 recruitment. BMC Biol 2023; 21:14. [PMID: 36721118 PMCID: PMC9890698 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Purinergic P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors (P2Y1-R and P2Y12-R) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) activated by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to mediate platelet activation, thereby playing a pivotal role in hemostasis and thrombosis. While P2Y12-R is the major target of antiplatelet drugs, no P2Y1-R antagonist has yet been developed for clinical use. However, accumulating data suggest that P2Y1-R inhibition would ensure efficient platelet inhibition with minimal effects on bleeding. In this context, an accurate characterization of P2Y1-R antagonists constitutes an important preliminary step. RESULTS Here, we investigated the pharmacology of P2Y1-R signaling through Gq and β-arrestin pathways in HEK293T cells and in mouse and human platelets using highly sensitive resonance energy transfer-based technologies (BRET/HTRF). We demonstrated that at basal state, in the absence of agonist ligand, P2Y1-R activates Gq protein signaling in HEK293T cells and in mouse and human platelets, indicating that P2Y1-R is constitutively active in physiological conditions. We showed that P2Y1-R also promotes constitutive recruitment of β-arrestin 2 in HEK293T cells. Moreover, the P2Y1-R antagonists MRS2179, MRS2279 and MRS2500 abolished the receptor dependent-constitutive activation, thus behaving as inverse agonists. CONCLUSIONS This study sheds new light on P2Y1-R pharmacology, highlighting for the first time the existence of a constitutively active P2Y1-R population in human platelets. Given the recent interest of P2Y12-R constitutive activity in patients with diabetes, this study suggests that modification of constitutive P2Y1-R signaling might be involved in pathological conditions, including bleeding syndrome or high susceptibility to thrombotic risk. Thus, targeting platelet P2Y1-R constitutive activation might be a promising and powerful strategy for future antiplatelet therapy.
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18
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Liu J, Tang H, Xu C, Zhou S, Zhu X, Li Y, Prézeau L, Xu T, Pin JP, Rondard P, Ji W, Liu J. Biased signaling due to oligomerization of the G protein-coupled platelet-activating factor receptor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6365. [PMID: 36289206 PMCID: PMC9606269 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important drug targets that mediate various signaling pathways by activating G proteins and engaging β-arrestin proteins. Despite its importance for the development of therapeutics with fewer side effects, the underlying mechanism that controls the balance between these signaling modes of GPCRs remains largely unclear. Here, we show that assembly into dimers and oligomers can largely influence the signaling mode of the platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR). Single-particle analysis results show that PAFR can form oligomers at low densities through two possible dimer interfaces. Stabilization of PAFR oligomers through cross-linking increases G protein activity, and decreases β-arrestin recruitment and agonist-induced internalization significantly. Reciprocally, β-arrestin prevents PAFR oligomerization. Our results highlight a mechanism involved in the control of receptor signaling, and thereby provide important insights into the relationship between GPCR oligomerization and downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junke Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Cellular Signaling laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei China ,grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, Cedex France
| | - Hengmin Tang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Cellular Signaling laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Chanjuan Xu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Cellular Signaling laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Shengnan Zhou
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Cellular Signaling laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Xunying Zhu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Cellular Signaling laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Laurent Prézeau
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, Cedex France
| | - Tao Xu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510005 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, Cedex France
| | - Philippe Rondard
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, Cedex France
| | - Wei Ji
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510005 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Cellular Signaling laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510005 Guangzhou, China
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19
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Hetero-pentamerization determines mobility and conductance of Glycine receptor α3 splice variants. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:540. [PMID: 36197517 PMCID: PMC9534812 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Glycine receptors (GlyRs) are ligand-gated pentameric chloride channels in the central nervous system. GlyR-α3 is a possible target for chronic pain treatment and temporal lobe epilepsy. Alternative splicing into K or L variants determines the subcellular fate and function of GlyR-α3, yet it remains to be shown whether its different splice variants can functionally co-assemble, and what the properties of such heteropentamers would be. Here, we subjected GlyR-α3 to a combined fluorescence microscopy and electrophysiology analysis. We employ masked Pearson’s and dual-color spatiotemporal correlation analysis to prove that GlyR-α3 splice variants heteropentamerize, adopting the mobility of the K variant. Fluorescence-based single-subunit counting experiments revealed a variable and concentration ratio dependent hetero-stoichiometry. Via cell-attached single-channel electrophysiology we show that heteropentamers exhibit currents in between those of K and L variants. Our data are compatible with a model where α3 heteropentamerization fine-tunes mobility and activity of GlyR-α3 channels, which is important to understand and tackle α3 related diseases.
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20
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Milstein JN, Nino DF, Zhou X, Gradinaru CC. Single-molecule counting applied to the study of GPCR oligomerization. Biophys J 2022; 121:3175-3187. [PMID: 35927960 PMCID: PMC9463696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule counting techniques enable a precise determination of the intracellular abundance and stoichiometry of proteins and macromolecular complexes. These details are often challenging to quantitatively assess yet are essential for our understanding of cellular function. Consider G-protein-coupled receptors-an expansive class of transmembrane signaling proteins that participate in many vital physiological functions making them a popular target for drug development. While early evidence for the role of oligomerization in receptor signaling came from ensemble biochemical and biophysical assays, innovations in single-molecule measurements are now driving a paradigm shift in our understanding of its relevance. Here, we review recent developments in single-molecule counting with a focus on photobleaching step counting and the emerging technique of quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy-with a particular emphasis on the potential for these techniques to advance our understanding of the role of oligomerization in G-protein-coupled receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N Milstein
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Daniel F Nino
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaohan Zhou
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudiu C Gradinaru
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
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21
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Reininghaus N, Paisdzior S, Höpfner F, Jyrch S, Cetindag C, Scheerer P, Kühnen P, Biebermann H. A Setmelanotide-like Effect at MC4R Is Achieved by MC4R Dimer Separation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081119. [PMID: 36009013 PMCID: PMC9405727 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is part of the leptin-melanocortin pathway and plays an essential role in mediating energy homeostasis. Mutations in the MC4R are the most frequent monogenic cause for obesity. Due to increasing numbers of people with excess body weight, the MC4R has become a target of interest in the search of treatment options. We have previously reported that the MC4R forms homodimers, affecting receptor Gs signaling properties. Recent studies introducing setmelanotide, a novel synthetic MC4R agonist, suggest a predominant role of the Gq/11 pathway regarding weight regulation. In this study, we analyzed effects of inhibiting homodimerization on Gq/11 signaling using previously reported MC4R/CB1R chimeras. NanoBRETTM studies to determine protein–protein interaction were conducted, confirming decreased homodimerization capacities of chimeric receptors in HEK293 cells. Gq/11 signaling of chimeric receptors was analyzed using luciferase-based reporter gene (NFAT) assays. Results demonstrate an improvement of alpha-MSH-induced NFAT signaling of chimeras, reaching the level of setmelanotide signaling at wild-type MC4R (MC4R-WT). In summary, our study shows that inhibiting homodimerization has a setmelanotide-like effect on Gq/11 signaling, with chimeric receptors presenting increased potency compared to MC4R-WT. These findings indicate the potential of inhibiting MC4R homodimerization as a therapeutic target to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanina Reininghaus
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Paisdzior
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Höpfner
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Jyrch
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cigdem Cetindag
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Scheerer
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Kühnen
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Biebermann
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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22
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Abstract
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest and pharmacologically most important family of cell-surface receptors. Some GPCRs interact specifically with receptor-activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs), but the consequences of this interaction for the receptor activation mechanism are not well understood. Using a set of fluorescent biosensors for the parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) and its downstream signaling partners, we show here that RAMP2 induces a unique, preactivated receptor state that shows faster activation and altered downstream signaling. This type of GPCR modulation may open new methods of drug design. Receptor-activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) are ubiquitously expressed membrane proteins that associate with different G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), including the parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R), a class B GPCR and an important modulator of mineral ion homeostasis and bone metabolism. However, it is unknown whether and how RAMP proteins may affect PTH1R function. Using different optical biosensors to measure the activation of PTH1R and its downstream signaling, we describe here that RAMP2 acts as a specific allosteric modulator of PTH1R, shifting PTH1R to a unique preactivated state that permits faster activation in a ligand-specific manner. Moreover, RAMP2 modulates PTH1R downstream signaling in an agonist-dependent manner, most notably increasing the PTH-mediated Gi3 signaling sensitivity. Additionally, RAMP2 increases both PTH- and PTHrP-triggered β-arrestin2 recruitment to PTH1R. Employing homology modeling, we describe the putative structural molecular basis underlying our functional findings. These data uncover a critical role of RAMPs in the activation and signaling of a GPCR that may provide a new venue for highly specific modulation of GPCR function and advanced drug design.
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23
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Momboisse F, Nardi G, Colin P, Hery M, Cordeiro N, Blachier S, Schwartz O, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Sauvonnet N, Olivio-Marin JC, Lagane B, Lagache T, Brelot A. Tracking receptor motions at the plasma membrane reveals distinct effects of ligands on CCR5 dynamics depending on its dimerization status. eLife 2022; 11:76281. [PMID: 35866628 PMCID: PMC9307273 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are present at the cell surface in different conformational and oligomeric states. However, how these states impact GPCRs biological function and therapeutic targeting remains incompletely known. Here, we investigated this issue in living cells for the CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), a major receptor in inflammation and the principal entry co-receptor for Human Immunodeficiency Viruses type 1 (HIV-1). We used TIRF microscopy and a statistical method to track and classify the motion of different receptor subpopulations. We showed a diversity of ligand-free forms of CCR5 at the cell surface constituted of various oligomeric states and exhibiting transient Brownian and restricted motions. These forms were stabilized differently by distinct ligands. In particular, agonist stimulation restricted the mobility of CCR5 and led to its clustering, a feature depending on β-arrestin, while inverse agonist stimulation exhibited the opposite effect. These results suggest a link between receptor activation and immobilization. Applied to HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins gp120, our quantitative analysis revealed agonist-like properties of gp120s. Distinct gp120s influenced CCR5 dynamics differently, suggesting that they stabilize different CCR5 conformations. Then, using a dimerization-compromized mutant, we showed that dimerization (i) impacts CCR5 precoupling to G proteins, (ii) is a pre-requisite for the immobilization and clustering of receptors upon activation, and (iii) regulates receptor endocytosis, thereby impacting the fate of activated receptors. This study demonstrates that tracking the dynamic behavior of a GPCR is an efficient way to link GPCR conformations to their functions, therefore improving the development of drugs targeting specific receptor conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Momboisse
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - Giacomo Nardi
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, BioImage Analysis Unit, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Colin
- Infinity, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Melanie Hery
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - Nelia Cordeiro
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - Simon Blachier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | | | - Nathalie Sauvonnet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Group Intracellular Trafficking and Tissue Homeostasis, Paris, France
| | | | - Bernard Lagane
- Infinity, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Thibault Lagache
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, BioImage Analysis Unit, Paris, France
| | - Anne Brelot
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
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24
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Yue Y, Liu L, Wu LJ, Wu Y, Wang L, Li F, Liu J, Han GW, Chen B, Lin X, Brouillette RL, Breault É, Longpré JM, Shi S, Lei H, Sarret P, Stevens RC, Hanson MA, Xu F. Structural insight into apelin receptor-G protein stoichiometry. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:688-697. [PMID: 35817871 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The technique of cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has revolutionized the field of membrane protein structure and function with a focus on the dominantly observed molecular species. This report describes the structural characterization of a fully active human apelin receptor (APJR) complexed with heterotrimeric G protein observed in both 2:1 and 1:1 stoichiometric ratios. We use cryo-EM single-particle analysis to determine the structural details of both species from the same sample preparation. Protein preparations, in the presence of the endogenous peptide ligand ELA or a synthetic small molecule, both demonstrate these mixed stoichiometric states. Structural differences in G protein engagement between dimeric and monomeric APJR suggest a role for the stoichiometry of G protein-coupled receptor- (GPCR-)G protein coupling on downstream signaling and receptor pharmacology. Furthermore, a small, hydrophobic dimer interface provides a starting framework for additional class A GPCR dimerization studies. Together, these findings uncover a mechanism of versatile regulation through oligomerization by which GPCRs can modulate their signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yue
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lier Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jie Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gye-Won Han
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bo Chen
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Lin
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rebecca L Brouillette
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology at Sherbrooke, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Émile Breault
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology at Sherbrooke, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Longpré
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology at Sherbrooke, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Songting Shi
- Structure Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hui Lei
- Structure Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology at Sherbrooke, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Raymond C Stevens
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,Structure Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Fei Xu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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25
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The M 1 muscarinic receptor is present in situ as a ligand-regulated mixture of monomers and oligomeric complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201103119. [PMID: 35671422 PMCID: PMC9214538 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201103119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is appreciated that members of the large family of rhodopsin-like cell surface receptors can form dimeric or larger protein complexes when expressed at high levels in cultured cells, their organizational state within native cells and tissues of the body is largely unknown. We assessed this in neurons of the central nervous system by replacing the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in mice with a form of this receptor with an added fluorescent protein. Receptor function was unaltered by this change, and the biophysical approach we used demonstrated that the receptor exists as a mixture of monomers and dimers or oligomers. Drug treatments that target this receptor promote its monomerization, which may have significance for receptor function. The quaternary organization of rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors in native tissues is unknown. To address this we generated mice in which the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor was replaced with a C-terminally monomeric enhanced green fluorescent protein (mEGFP)–linked variant. Fluorescence imaging of brain slices demonstrated appropriate regional distribution, and using both anti-M1 and anti–green fluorescent protein antisera the expressed transgene was detected in both cortex and hippocampus only as the full-length polypeptide. M1-mEGFP was expressed at levels equal to the M1 receptor in wild-type mice and was expressed throughout cell bodies and projections in cultured neurons from these animals. Signaling and behavioral studies demonstrated M1-mEGFP was fully active. Application of fluorescence intensity fluctuation spectrometry to regions of interest within M1-mEGFP–expressing neurons quantified local levels of expression and showed the receptor was present as a mixture of monomers, dimers, and higher-order oligomeric complexes. Treatment with both an agonist and an antagonist ligand promoted monomerization of the M1-mEGFP receptor. The quaternary organization of a class A G protein-coupled receptor in situ was directly quantified in neurons in this study, which answers the much-debated question of the extent and potential ligand-induced regulation of basal quaternary organization of such a receptor in native tissue when present at endogenous expression levels.
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26
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Caspar B, Cocchiara P, Melet A, Van Emelen K, Van der Aa A, Milligan G, Herbeuval JP. CXCR4 as a novel target in immunology: moving away from typical antagonists. FUTURE DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 4:FDD77. [PMID: 35875591 PMCID: PMC9298491 DOI: 10.4155/fdd-2022-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 has been a target of interest in drug discovery for numerous years. However, so far, most if not all studies focused on finding antagonists of CXCR4 function. Recent studies demonstrate that targeting a minor allosteric pocket of CXCR4 induces an immunomodulating effect in immune cells expressing CXCR4, connected to the TLR pathway. Compounds binding in this minor pocket seem to be functionally selective with inverse agonistic properties in selected GPCR signaling pathways (Gi activation), but additional signaling pathways are likely to be involved in the immunomodulating effects. In depth research into these CXCR4-targeted immunomodulators could lead to novel treatment options for (auto)-immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Caspar
- CNRS UMR-8601, 45 Rue des Saints-Pères, Paris, F-75006, France
- Team Chemistry & Biology, Modelling & Immunology for Therapy, CBMIT, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Pietro Cocchiara
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Armelle Melet
- CNRS UMR-8601, 45 Rue des Saints-Pères, Paris, F-75006, France
- Team Chemistry & Biology, Modelling & Immunology for Therapy, CBMIT, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Kristof Van Emelen
- Ermium Therapeutics, Pépinière Paris Santé Cochin, 29 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris, F-75014, France
| | - Annegret Van der Aa
- Ermium Therapeutics, Pépinière Paris Santé Cochin, 29 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris, F-75014, France
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jean-Philippe Herbeuval
- CNRS UMR-8601, 45 Rue des Saints-Pères, Paris, F-75006, France
- Team Chemistry & Biology, Modelling & Immunology for Therapy, CBMIT, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Paris, F-75006, France
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27
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Harms M, Hansson RF, Carmali S, Almeida-Hernández Y, Sanchez-Garcia E, Münch J, Zelikin AN. Dimerization of the Peptide CXCR4-Antagonist on Macromolecular and Supramolecular Protraction Arms Affords Increased Potency and Enhanced Plasma Stability. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:594-607. [PMID: 35293739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are prime drug candidates due to their high specificity of action but are disadvantaged by low proteolytic stability. Here, we focus on the development of stabilized analogues of EPI-X4, an endogenous peptide antagonist of CXCR4. We synthesized macromolecular peptide conjugates and performed side-by-side comparison with their albumin-binding counterparts and considered monovalent conjugates, divalent telechelic conjugates, and Y-shaped peptide dimers. All constructs were tested for competition with the CXCR4 antibody-receptor engagement, inhibition of receptor activation, and inhibition of the CXCR4-tropic human immunodeficiency virus infection. We found that the Y-shaped conjugates were more potent than the parent peptide and at the same time more stable in human plasma, with a favorable outlook for translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Harms
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rikke Fabech Hansson
- Department of Chemistry and iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Sheiliza Carmali
- Department of Chemistry and iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Yasser Almeida-Hernández
- Computational Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University Duisburg-Essen, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Garcia
- Computational Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University Duisburg-Essen, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander N Zelikin
- Department of Chemistry and iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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28
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Wang Q, Zhang Q, He H, Feng Z, Mao J, Hu X, Wei X, Bi S, Qin G, Wang X, Ge B, Yu D, Ren H, Huang F. Carbon Dot Blinking Fingerprint Uncovers Native Membrane Receptor Organizations via Deep Learning. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3914-3921. [PMID: 35188385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Oligomeric organization of G protein-coupled receptors is proposed to regulate receptor signaling and function, yet rapid and precise identification of the oligomeric status especially for native receptors on a cell membrane remains an outstanding challenge. By using blinking carbon dots (CDs), we now develop a deep learning (DL)-based blinking fingerprint recognition method, named deep-blinking fingerprint recognition (BFR), which allows automatic classification of CD-labeled receptor organizations on a cell membrane. This DL model integrates convolutional layers, long-short-term memory, and fully connected layers to extract time-dependent blinking features of CDs and is trained to a high accuracy (∼95%) for identifying receptor organizations. Using deep blinking fingerprint recognition, we found that CXCR4 mainly exists as 87.3% monomers, 12.4% dimers, and <1% higher-order oligomers on a HeLa cell membrane. We further demonstrate that the heterogeneous organizations can be regulated by various stimuli at different degrees. The receptor-binding ligands, agonist SDF-1α and antagonist AMD3100, can induce the dimerization of CXCR4 to 33.1 and 20.3%, respectively. In addition, cytochalasin D, which inhibits actin polymerization, similarly prompts significant dimerization of CXCR4 to 30.9%. The multi-pathway organization regulation will provide an insight for understanding the oligomerization mechanism of CXCR4 as well as for elucidating their physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Hua He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zhenzhen Feng
- Technical Center of Qingdao Customs District, Qingdao 266500, China
| | - Jian Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Simin Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Guangyong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Baosheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Daoyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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29
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Nagai R, Sugimachi A, Tanimoto Y, Suzuki KGN, Hayashi F, Weikert D, Gmeiner P, Kasai RS, Morigaki K. Functional Reconstitution of Dopamine D2 Receptor into a Supported Model Membrane in a Nanometric Confinement. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2100636. [PMID: 34761565 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202100636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), plays critical roles in neural functions and represents the target for a wide variety of drugs used to treat neurological diseases. However, its fundamental physicochemical properties, such as dimerization and affinity to different lipid environments, remain unknown. Here, reconstitution and characterization of D2R in a supported model membrane in nanometric confinement are reported. D2R is expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and transferred into the supported model membrane as cell membrane blebs. D2R molecules are reconstituted with an elevated density in the cleft between the substrate and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) elastomer. Reconstituted D2R retains the physiological functions, as evaluated from its binding to an antagonist and dimerization lifetime. The transient dimer formation of D2R, similar to the live cell, suggests that it is an innate property that does not depend on the cellular structures such as actin filaments. Although the mechanism of this unique reconstitution process is currently not fully understood, the finding points to a new possibility of using a nanometric space (<100 nm thick) as a platform for reconstituting and studying membrane proteins under the quasi-physiological conditions, which are difficult to be created by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rurika Nagai
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ayane Sugimachi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tanimoto
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kenichi G N Suzuki
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Fumio Hayashi
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Dorothee Weikert
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rinshi S Kasai
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kenichi Morigaki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
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30
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Bender BJ, Bock A, Nesheva DN, Perry-Hauser NA. Viewpoints on the First Transatlantic GPCR Symposium for Early-Career Investigators. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1705-1711. [PMID: 34661085 PMCID: PMC8506598 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In July 2021, we organized a virtual symposium aimed at early-career investigators (ECIs) in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) research: the first Transatlantic ECI GPCR Symposium. Here, we discuss the proceedings of this symposium and the unique networking events with GPCR leaders including the Nobel Laureates Dr. Robert Lefkowitz and Dr. Brian Kobilka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Bender
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Andreas Bock
- Max-Delbrück-Center
for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Receptor
Signaling Lab, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Desislava N. Nesheva
- University
of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
| | - Nicole A. Perry-Hauser
- Department
of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos
College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Division
of Molecular Therapeutics, New York Psychiatric
Institute, New York, New York 10032, United
States
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31
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Testing the Stability of Drug Resistance on Cryopreserved, Gene-Engineered Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090919. [PMID: 34577619 PMCID: PMC8466661 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have emerged as a powerful tool for in vitro modelling of diseases with broad application in drug development or toxicology testing. These assays usually require large quantities of hiPSC, which can entail long-term storage via cryopreservation of the same cell charges. However, it is essential that cryopreservation does not oppose durable changes on the cells. In this project, we characterize one parameter of functionality of one that is well established in the field, in a different research context, an applied hiPSC line (iPS11), namely their resistance to a medium size library of chemo interventions (>160 drugs). We demonstrate that cells, before and after cryopreservation, do not change their relative overall drug response phenotypes, as defined by identification of the top 20 interventions causing dose-dependent reduction of cell growth. Importantly, also frozen cells that are exogenously enforced for stable overexpression of oncogenes myelocytomatosis (cMYC) or tumor protein 53 mutation (TP53R175H), respectively, are not changed in their relative top 20 drugs response compared to their non-frozen counterparts. Taken together, our results support iPSCs as a reliable in vitro platform for in vitro pharmacology, further raising hopes that this technology supports biomarker-associated drug development. Given the general debate on ethical and economic problems associated with the reproducibly crisis in biomedicine, our results may be of interest to a wider audience beyond stem cell research.
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32
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The use of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to characterise the molecular mobility of G protein-coupled receptors in membrane microdomains: an update. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1547-1554. [PMID: 34436556 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It has become increasingly apparent that some G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are not homogeneously expressed within the plasma membrane but may instead be organised within distinct signalling microdomains. These microdomains localise GPCRs in close proximity with other membrane proteins and intracellular signalling partners and could have profound implications for the spatial and temporal control of downstream signalling. In order to probe the molecular mechanisms that govern GPCR pharmacology within these domains, fluorescence techniques with effective single receptor sensitivity are required. Of these, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a technique that meets this sensitivity threshold. This short review will provide an update of the recent uses of FCS based techniques in conjunction with GPCR subtype selective fluorescent ligands to characterise dynamic ligand-receptor interactions in whole cells and using purified GPCRs.
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33
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Rosier N, Grätz L, Schihada H, Möller J, Işbilir A, Humphrys LJ, Nagl M, Seibel U, Lohse MJ, Pockes S. A Versatile Sub-Nanomolar Fluorescent Ligand Enables NanoBRET Binding Studies and Single-Molecule Microscopy at the Histamine H 3 Receptor. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11695-11708. [PMID: 34309390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The histamine H3 receptor (H3R) is considered an attractive drug target for various neurological diseases. We here report the synthesis of UR-NR266, a novel fluorescent H3R ligand. Broad pharmacological characterization revealed UR-NR266 as a sub-nanomolar compound at the H3R with an exceptional selectivity profile within the histamine receptor family. The presented neutral antagonist showed fast association to its target and complete dissociation in kinetic binding studies. Detailed characterization of standard H3R ligands in NanoBRET competition binding using UR-NR266 highlights its value as a versatile pharmacological tool to analyze future H3R ligands. The low nonspecific binding observed in all experiments could also be verified in TIRF and confocal microscopy. This fluorescent probe allows the highly specific analysis of native H3R in various assays ranging from optical high throughput technologies to biophysical analyses and single-molecule studies in its natural environment. An off-target screening at 14 receptors revealed UR-NR266 as a selective compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Rosier
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Lukas Grätz
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Jan Möller
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, Berlin 13125, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Ali Işbilir
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, Berlin 13125, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Laura J Humphrys
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Martin Nagl
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Ulla Seibel
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Martin J Lohse
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, Berlin 13125, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, Würzburg 97070, Germany.,ISAR Bioscience Institute, Semmelweisstraße 5, Planegg 82152, Germany
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
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34
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Goulding J, Kondrashov A, Mistry SJ, Melarangi T, Vo NTN, Hoang DM, White CW, Denning C, Briddon SJ, Hill SJ. The use of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to monitor cell surface β2-adrenoceptors at low expression levels in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21398. [PMID: 33710675 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002268r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The importance of cell phenotype in determining the molecular mechanisms underlying β2 -adrenoceptor (β2AR) function has been noted previously when comparing responses in primary cells and recombinant model cell lines. Here, we have generated haplotype-specific SNAP-tagged β2AR human embryonic stem (ES) cell lines and applied fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to study cell surface receptors in progenitor cells and in differentiated fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes. FCS was able to quantify SNAP-tagged β2AR number and diffusion in both ES-derived cardiomyocytes and CRISPR/Cas9 genome-edited HEK293T cells, where the expression level was too low to detect using standard confocal microscopy. These studies demonstrate the power of FCS in investigating cell surface β2ARs at the very low expression levels often seen in endogenously expressing cells. Furthermore, the use of ES cell technology in combination with FCS allowed us to demonstrate that cell surface β2ARs internalize in response to formoterol-stimulation in ES progenitor cells but not following their differentiation into ES-derived fibroblasts. This indicates that the process of agonist-induced receptor internalization is strongly influenced by cell phenotype and this may have important implications for drug treatment with long-acting β2AR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Goulding
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alexander Kondrashov
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sarah J Mistry
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tony Melarangi
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nguyen T N Vo
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Duc M Hoang
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Cellular Manufacturing, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Carl W White
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris Denning
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen J Briddon
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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35
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Bathe-Peters M, Gmach P, Boltz HH, Einsiedel J, Gotthardt M, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Lohse MJ, Annibale P. Visualization of β-adrenergic receptor dynamics and differential localization in cardiomyocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2101119118. [PMID: 34088840 PMCID: PMC8201832 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101119118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A key question in receptor signaling is how specificity is realized, particularly when different receptors trigger the same biochemical pathway(s). A notable case is the two β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) subtypes, β1 and β2, in cardiomyocytes. They are both coupled to stimulatory Gs proteins, mediate an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and stimulate cardiac contractility; however, other effects, such as changes in gene transcription leading to cardiac hypertrophy, are prominent only for β1-AR but not for β2-AR. Here, we employ highly sensitive fluorescence spectroscopy approaches, in combination with a fluorescent β-AR antagonist, to determine the presence and dynamics of the endogenous receptors on the outer plasma membrane as well as on the T-tubular network of intact adult cardiomyocytes. These techniques allow us to visualize that the β2-AR is confined to and diffuses within the T-tubular network, as opposed to the β1-AR, which is found to diffuse both on the outer plasma membrane as well as on the T-tubules. Upon overexpression of the β2-AR, this compartmentalization is lost, and the receptors are also seen on the cell surface. Such receptor segregation depends on the development of the T-tubular network in adult cardiomyocytes since both the cardiomyoblast cell line H9c2 and the cardiomyocyte-differentiated human-induced pluripotent stem cells express the β2-AR on the outer plasma membrane. These data support the notion that specific cell surface targeting of receptor subtypes can be the basis for distinct signaling and functional effects.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Cell Membrane/genetics
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Humans
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Imaging
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bathe-Peters
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Gmach
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Horst-Holger Boltz
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Department for Modelling and Simulation of Complex Processes, Zuse Institute Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Einsiedel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Gotthardt
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin J Lohse
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany;
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- ISAR Bioscience Institute, 82152 Munich-Planegg, Germany
| | - Paolo Annibale
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany;
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
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36
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Murphy KJ, Reed DA, Trpceski M, Herrmann D, Timpson P. Quantifying and visualising the nuances of cellular dynamics in vivo using intravital imaging. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 72:41-53. [PMID: 34091131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intravital imaging is a powerful technology used to quantify and track dynamic changes in live cells and tissues within an intact environment. The ability to watch cell biology in real-time 'as it happens' has provided novel insight into tissue homeostasis, as well as disease initiation, progression and response to treatment. In this minireview, we highlight recent advances in the field of intravital microscopy, touching upon advances in awake versus anaesthesia-based approaches, as well as the integration of biosensors into intravital imaging. We also discuss current challenges that, in our opinion, need to be overcome to further advance the field of intravital imaging at the single-cell, subcellular and molecular resolution to reveal nuances of cell behaviour that can be targeted in complex disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendelle J Murphy
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Daniel A Reed
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Michael Trpceski
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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37
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Goulding J, Mistry SJ, Soave M, Woolard J, Briddon SJ, White CW, Kellam B, Hill SJ. Subtype selective fluorescent ligands based on ICI 118,551 to study the human β2-adrenoceptor in CRISPR/Cas9 genome-edited HEK293T cells at low expression levels. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00779. [PMID: 34003582 PMCID: PMC8130569 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent ligand technologies have proved to be powerful tools to improve our understanding of ligand‐receptor interactions. Here we have characterized a small focused library of nine fluorescent ligands based on the highly selective β2‐adrenoceptor (β2AR) antagonist ICI 118,551. The majority of fluorescent ICI 118,551 analogs had good affinity for the β2AR (pKD >7.0) with good selectivity over the β1AR (pKD <6.0). The most potent and selective ligands being 8c (ICI 118,551‐Gly‐Ala‐BODIPY‐FL‐X; β2AR pKD 7.48), 9c (ICI 118,551‐βAla‐βAla‐BODIPY‐FL‐X; β2AR pKD 7.48), 12a (ICI 118,551‐PEG‐BODIPY‐X‐630/650; β2AR pKD 7.56), and 12b (ICI 118,551‐PEG‐BODIPY‐FL; β2AR pKD 7.42). 9a (ICI 118,551‐βAla‐βAla‐BODIPY‐X‐630/650) had the highest affinity at recombinant β2ARs (pKD 7.57), but also exhibited significant binding affinity to the β1AR (pKD 6.69). Nevertheless, among the red fluorescent ligands, 9a had the best imaging characteristics in recombinant HEK293 T cells and labeling was mostly confined to the cell surface. In contrast, 12a showed the highest propensity to label intracellular β2ARs in HEK293 T cell expressing exogenous β2ARs. This suggests that a combination of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker and the BODIPY‐X‐630/650 makes this ICI 118,551 derivative particularly susceptible to crossing the cell membrane to access the intracellular β2ARs. We have also used these ligands in combination with CRISPR/Cas9 genome‐edited HEK293 T cells to undertake for the first time real‐time ligand binding to native HEK293 T β2ARs at low native receptor expression levels. These studies provided quantitative data on ligand‐binding characteristics but also allowed real‐time visualization of the ligand‐binding interactions in genome‐edited cells using NanoBRET luminescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Goulding
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Sarah J Mistry
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK.,School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark Soave
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Jeanette Woolard
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Stephen J Briddon
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Carl W White
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
| | - Barrie Kellam
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK.,School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
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38
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Wang Q, Feng Z, He H, Hu X, Mao J, Chen X, Liu L, Wei X, Liu D, Bi S, Wang X, Ge B, Yu D, Huang F. Nonblinking carbon dots for imaging and tracking receptors on a live cell membrane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5554-5557. [PMID: 33969837 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01120k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Blinking occurs with nearly all fluorophores including organic dyes, fluorescent proteins, semiconductor quantum dots and carbon dots (CDs). We developed non-blinking and photoresistant fluorescent CDs by introducing multiple aromatic domains onto a single carbon dot and demonstrated their great potential for imaging and tracking of receptors on a live cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
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39
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Thibado JK, Tano JY, Lee J, Salas-Estrada L, Provasi D, Strauss A, Marcelo Lamim Ribeiro J, Xiang G, Broichhagen J, Filizola M, Lohse MJ, Levitz J. Differences in interactions between transmembrane domains tune the activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors. eLife 2021; 10:e67027. [PMID: 33880992 PMCID: PMC8102066 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) form a family of neuromodulatory G-protein-coupled receptors that contain both a seven-helix transmembrane domain (TMD) and a large extracellular ligand-binding domain (LBD) which enables stable dimerization. Although numerous studies have revealed variability across subtypes in the initial activation steps at the level of LBD dimers, an understanding of inter-TMD interaction and rearrangement remains limited. Here, we use a combination of single molecule fluorescence, molecular dynamics, functional assays, and conformational sensors to reveal that distinct TMD assembly properties drive differences between mGluR subtypes. We uncover a variable region within transmembrane helix 4 (TM4) that contributes to homo- and heterodimerization in a subtype-specific manner and tunes orthosteric, allosteric, and basal activation. We also confirm a critical role for a conserved inter-TM6 interface in stabilizing the active state during orthosteric or allosteric activation. Together this study shows that inter-TMD assembly and dynamic rearrangement drive mGluR function with distinct properties between subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana K Thibado
- Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical SciencesNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Joon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Leslie Salas-Estrada
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Davide Provasi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Alexa Strauss
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical BiologyNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Guoqing Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Marta Filizola
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Martin J Lohse
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
- ISAR Bioscience InstitutePlanegg-MunichGermany
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical SciencesNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical BiologyNew YorkUnited States
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40
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Işbilir A, Serfling R, Möller J, Thomas R, De Faveri C, Zabel U, Scarselli M, Beck-Sickinger AG, Bock A, Coin I, Lohse MJ, Annibale P. Determination of G-protein-coupled receptor oligomerization by molecular brightness analyses in single cells. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:1419-1451. [PMID: 33514946 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oligomerization of membrane proteins has received intense research interest because of their importance in cellular signaling and the large pharmacological and clinical potential this offers. Fluorescence imaging methods are emerging as a valid tool to quantify membrane protein oligomerization at high spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for an image-based method to determine the number and oligomerization state of fluorescently labeled prototypical G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the basis of small out-of-equilibrium fluctuations in fluorescence (i.e., molecular brightness) in single cells. The protocol provides a step-by-step procedure that includes instructions for (i) a flexible labeling strategy for the protein of interest (using fluorescent proteins, small self-labeling tags or bio-orthogonal labeling) and the appropriate controls, (ii) performing temporal and spatial brightness image acquisition on a confocal microscope and (iii) analyzing and interpreting the data, excluding clusters and intensity hot-spots commonly observed in receptor distributions. Although specifically tailored for GPCRs, this protocol can be applied to diverse classes of membrane proteins of interest. The complete protocol can be implemented in 1 month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Işbilir
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Serfling
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Möller
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Romy Thomas
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chiara De Faveri
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Zabel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Scarselli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Andreas Bock
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Coin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin J Lohse
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. .,ISAR Bioscience Institute, Munich, Germany.
| | - Paolo Annibale
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
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41
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Ward RJ, Pediani JD, Marsango S, Jolly R, Stoneman MR, Biener G, Handel TM, Raicu V, Milligan G. Chemokine receptor CXCR4 oligomerization is disrupted selectively by the antagonist ligand IT1t. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100139. [PMID: 33268380 PMCID: PMC7949023 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR4, a member of the family of chemokine-activated G protein-coupled receptors, is widely expressed in immune response cells. It is involved in both cancer development and progression as well as viral infection, notably by HIV-1. A variety of methods, including structural information, have suggested that the receptor may exist as a dimer or an oligomer. However, the mechanistic details surrounding receptor oligomerization and its potential dynamic regulation remain unclear. Using both biochemical and biophysical means, we confirm that CXCR4 can exist as a mixture of monomers, dimers, and higher-order oligomers in cell membranes and show that oligomeric structure becomes more complex as receptor expression levels increase. Mutations of CXCR4 residues located at a putative dimerization interface result in monomerization of the receptor. Additionally, binding of the CXCR4 antagonist IT1t-a small drug-like isothiourea derivative-rapidly destabilizes the oligomeric structure, whereas AMD3100, another well-characterized CXCR4 antagonist, does not. Although a mutation that regulates constitutive activity of CXCR4 also results in monomerization of the receptor, binding of IT1t to this variant promotes receptor dimerization. These results provide novel insights into the basal organization of CXCR4 and how antagonist ligands of different chemotypes differentially regulate its oligomerization state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Ward
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - John D Pediani
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Marsango
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Jolly
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Stoneman
- Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gabriel Biener
- Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tracy M Handel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Valerică Raicu
- Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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