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Chu T, Zhou Z, Tian P, Yu T, Lian C, Zhang B, Xuan FZ. Nanofluidic sensing inspired by the anomalous water dynamics in electrical angstrom-scale channels. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7329. [PMID: 39187549 PMCID: PMC11347597 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51877-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of confined water dynamics by voltage keeps great importance for diverse applications. However, limitations on the membrane functions, voltage-control range, and unclear dynamics need to be addressed. Herein, we report an anomalous electrically controlled gating phenomenon on cation-intercalated multi-layer Ti3C2 membranes and reveal the confined water dynamics. The water permeation rate was improved rapidly following the application and rise of voltage and finally reached a maximum rate at 0.9 V. The permeation rate starts to decrease from 0.9 V. Below 0.9 V, the electric field affects the charge and polarity of water molecules and then leads to ordered and denser rearrangement in the two-dimensional (2D) channel to accelerate the permeation rate. Above 0.9 V, with the assistance of metal cations, the surge in current induced aggregation of water molecules into clusters, thereby limiting the water mobility. Based on these findings, a high-performance humidity sensor was developed by simultaneously optimizing the response and recovery speeds through electric manipulation. This work provides flexible strategies in intelligent membrane design and nanofluidic sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Chu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, Shanghai, PR China
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering and, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ze Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, Shanghai, PR China
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering and, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Pengfei Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, Shanghai, PR China
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering and, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tingting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering and, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Fu-Zhen Xuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering and, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
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2
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Keneshbekova A, Smagulova G, Kaidar B, Imash A, Ilyanov A, Kazhdanbekov R, Yensep E, Lesbayev A. MXene/Carbon Nanocomposites for Water Treatment. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:184. [PMID: 39330525 PMCID: PMC11434601 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14090184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
One of the most critical problems faced by modern civilization is the depletion of freshwater resources due to their continuous consumption and contamination with different organic and inorganic pollutants. This paper considers the potential of already discovered MXenes in combination with carbon nanomaterials to address this problem. MXene appears to be a highly promising candidate for water purification due to its large surface area and electrochemical activity. However, the problems of swelling, stability, high cost, and scalability need to be overcome. The synthesis methods for MXene and its composites with graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and cellulose nanofibers, along with their structure, properties, and mechanisms for removing various pollutants from water, are described. This review discusses the synthesis methods, properties, and mechanisms of water purification using MXene and its composites. It also explores the fundamental aspects of MXene/carbon nanocomposites in various forms, such as membranes, aerogels, and textiles. A comparative analysis of the latest research on this topic shows the progress in this field and the limitations for the practical application of MXene/carbon nanocomposites to solve the problem of drinking water scarcity. Consequently, this review demonstrates the relevance and promise of the material and underscores the importance of further research and development of MXene/carbon nanocomposites to provide effective water treatment solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruzhan Keneshbekova
- Institute of Combustion Problems, 172 Bogenbay Batyr Str., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Gaukhar Smagulova
- Institute of Combustion Problems, 172 Bogenbay Batyr Str., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
- Department of "General Physics", Intistute of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Named after A. Burkitbayev, Satbayev University, 22a Satpaev Str., Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan
| | - Bayan Kaidar
- Institute of Combustion Problems, 172 Bogenbay Batyr Str., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
- Department of "General Physics", Intistute of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Named after A. Burkitbayev, Satbayev University, 22a Satpaev Str., Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan
| | - Aigerim Imash
- Institute of Combustion Problems, 172 Bogenbay Batyr Str., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
- Department of "General Physics", Intistute of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Named after A. Burkitbayev, Satbayev University, 22a Satpaev Str., Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Akram Ilyanov
- Department of "General Physics", Intistute of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Named after A. Burkitbayev, Satbayev University, 22a Satpaev Str., Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Ramazan Kazhdanbekov
- Department of "General Physics", Intistute of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Named after A. Burkitbayev, Satbayev University, 22a Satpaev Str., Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Eleonora Yensep
- Department of "General Physics", Intistute of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Named after A. Burkitbayev, Satbayev University, 22a Satpaev Str., Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Aidos Lesbayev
- Department of "General Physics", Intistute of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Named after A. Burkitbayev, Satbayev University, 22a Satpaev Str., Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan
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3
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Lim Y, Lee DS. Effective radioactive strontium removal using lithium titanate decorated Ti 3C 2T x MXene/polyacrylonitrile beads. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 475:134919. [PMID: 38880046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
A lithium titanate-decorated Ti3C2Tx MXene (LTO-MX) composite was synthesized through etching and alkali processes, and subsequently immobilized using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer via a phase inversion method. In the batch study, the strontium adsorption behavior followed the Redlich-Peterson isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The maximum adsorption capacity for strontium reached 24.05 mg/g. Furthermore, a continuous fixed-bed column study was performed using the LTO-MX PAN beads to remove strontium from aqueous solutions. The dynamic behavior of column adsorption was examined under various operating parameters such as initial strontium concentration, flow rate, and bed height. Dynamic modeling was employed to describe adsorption breakthrough properties based on these experimental data. Both the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models accurately simulated the breakthrough curves. The proposed mechanisms for strontium adsorption included encapsulation, electrostatic attraction, cation exchange, and surface complexation. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of LTO-MX PAN beads as adsorbents for the continuous removal of strontium from radioactive wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsu Lim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, the Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, the Republic of Korea.
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4
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Fang H, Thakur A, Zahmatkeshsaredorahi A, Fang Z, Rad V, Shamsabadi AA, Pereyra C, Soroush M, Rappe AM, Xu XG, Anasori B, Fakhraai Z. Stabilizing Ti 3C 2T x MXene flakes in air by removing confined water. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400084121. [PMID: 38968114 PMCID: PMC11252812 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400084121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
MXenes have demonstrated potential for various applications owing to their tunable surface chemistry and metallic conductivity. However, high temperatures can accelerate MXene film oxidation in air. Understanding the mechanisms of MXene oxidation at elevated temperatures, which is still limited, is critical in improving their thermal stability for high-temperature applications. Here, we demonstrate that Ti[Formula: see text]C[Formula: see text]T[Formula: see text] MXene monoflakes have exceptional thermal stability at temperatures up to 600[Formula: see text]C in air, while multiflakes readily oxidize in air at 300[Formula: see text]C. Density functional theory calculations indicate that confined water between Ti[Formula: see text]C[Formula: see text]T[Formula: see text] flakes has higher removal energy than surface water and can thus persist to higher temperatures, leading to oxidation. We demonstrate that the amount of confined water correlates with the degree of oxidation in stacked flakes. Confined water can be fully removed by vacuum annealing Ti[Formula: see text]C[Formula: see text]T[Formula: see text] films at 600[Formula: see text]C, resulting in substantial stability improvement in multiflake films (can withstand 600[Formula: see text]C in air). These findings provide fundamental insights into the kinetics of confined water and its role in Ti[Formula: see text]C[Formula: see text]T[Formula: see text] oxidation. This work enables the use of stable monoflake MXenes in high-temperature applications and provides guidelines for proper vacuum annealing of multiflake films to enhance their stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Anupma Thakur
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering and Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN46202
| | | | - Zhenyao Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Vahid Rad
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | | | - Claudia Pereyra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Masoud Soroush
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Andrew M. Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Xiaoji G. Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA18015
| | - Babak Anasori
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering and Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN46202
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
| | - Zahra Fakhraai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
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5
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Gan Z, Qi R, Chen B, Yuan G, Liao M. Ultra-fast fabrication of MXene/PVA composite films through glutaraldehyde induced microgel framework. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30714. [PMID: 38779331 PMCID: PMC11110175 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, Ti3C2Tx/PVA microgels were assembled through the introduction of glutaraldehyde and PVA into Ti3C2Tx colloids. Subsequently, the microgels underwent vacuum-assisted filtration (VAF) and drying processes to fabricate Ti3C2Tx/PVA self-assembled films (MPGF). This research effectively reduced VAF time by introducing a small amount of glutaraldehyde. The findings demonstrate that glutaraldehyde's chemical crosslinking prompts the formation of temporary microgel frameworks between Ti3C2Tx and PVA, enhancing water molecule transfer during VAF and improving film formation efficiency. Further analysis links VAF time is related to the particle size distribution of the microgels. Adjusting crosslinking and PVA quantity alters microgel crystalline structure and -OH hydrogen bonds, affecting particle size and VAF time. Additionally, films produced via rapid VAF exhibit promising mechanical properties for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Gan
- College of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime University,
Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ranran Qi
- College of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime University,
Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bowen Chen
- College of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime University,
Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Gaofei Yuan
- College of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime University,
Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingyi Liao
- College of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime University,
Dalian, Liaoning, China
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6
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Rahmati R, Salari M, Ashouri-Sanjani M, Salehi A, Hamidinejad M, Park CB. Comparative Effects of Hydrazine and Thermal Reduction Methods on Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Characteristics in Foamed Titanium Carbonitride MXene Films. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308320. [PMID: 38105422 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The urgent need for the development of micro-thin shields against electromagnetic interference (EMI) has sparked interest in MXene materials owing to their metallic electrical conductivity and ease of film processing. Meanwhile, postprocessing treatments can potentially exert profound impacts on their shielding effectiveness (SE). This work comprehensively compares two reduction methods, hydrazine versus thermal, to fabricate foamed titanium carbonitride (Ti3CNTx) MXene films for efficient EMI shielding. Upon treatment of ≈ 100 µm-thick MXene films, gaseous transformations of oxygen-containing surface groups induce highly porous structures (up to ≈ 74.0% porosity). The controlled application of hydrazine and heat allows precise regulation of the reduction processes, enabling tailored control over the morphology, thickness, chemistry, and electrical properties of the MXene films. Accordingly, the EMI SE values are theoretically and experimentally determined. The treated MXene films exhibit significantly enhanced SE values compared to the pristine MXene film (≈ 52.2 dB), with ≈ 38% and ≈ 83% maximum improvements for the hydrazine and heat-treated samples, respectively. Particularly, heat treatment is more effective in terms of this enhancement such that an SE of 118.4 dB is achieved at 14.3 GHz, unprecedented for synthetic materials. Overall, the findings of this work hold significant practical implications for advancing high-performance, non-metallic EMI shielding materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rahmati
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Meysam Salari
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Mehran Ashouri-Sanjani
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Amirmehdi Salehi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Mahdi Hamidinejad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G1H9, Canada
| | - Chul B Park
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
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7
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Li K, Lin C, Liu G, Wang G, Ma W, Li M, Li Y, Huang B. Stepless IR Chromism in Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene Tuned by Interlayer Water Molecules. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308189. [PMID: 38014765 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Real-time control over infrared (IR) radiation of objects is highly desired in a variety of areas such as personal thermal regulation and IR camouflage. This requires the dynamic modulation of IR emissivity in a stepless manner over a wide range (>50%), which remains a daunting challenge. Here, an emissivity modulation phenomenon is reported in stacked 2D Ti3 C2 Tx MXene nanosheets, from 12% to 68% as the intercalation/discharging of water molecules within the interlayers. The intercalation of water molecules dynamically changes the electronic properties and the complex permittivity in IR frequencies of Ti3 C2 Tx . This emissivity modulation is a stepless and reversible process without the assistance of any external energy input. Further, intercalating cellulose nanofibers into the Ti3 C2 Tx interlayers makes this dynamic process highly repeatable. Last, a sweat-responsive adaptive textile that can improve thermal comfort of human body under changes in metabolic rates and environmental conditions is demonstrated, showing great potential of this mechanism in passive on-demand radiation modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiao Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chongjia Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Gongze Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Baoling Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Foshan Research Institute for Smart Manufacturing, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Thrust of Sustainable Energy and Environment, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 511400, China
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8
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Lin X, Tee SR, Kent PRC, Searles DJ, Cummings PT. Development of Heteroatomic Constant Potential Method with Application to MXene-Based Supercapacitors. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:651-664. [PMID: 38211325 PMCID: PMC10809414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
We describe a method for modeling constant-potential charges in heteroatomic electrodes, keeping pace with the increasing complexity of electrode composition and nanostructure in electrochemical research. The proposed "heteroatomic constant potential method" (HCPM) uses minimal added parameters to handle differing electronegativities and chemical hardnesses of different elements, which we fit to density functional theory (DFT) partial charge predictions in this paper by using derivative-free optimization. To demonstrate the model, we performed molecular dynamics simulations using both HCPM and conventional constant potential method (CPM) for MXene electrodes with Li-TFSI/AN (lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide/acetonitrile)-based solvent-in-salt electrolytes. Although the two methods show similar accumulated charge storage on the electrodes, the results indicated that HCPM provides a more reliable depiction of electrode atom charge distribution and charge response compared with CPM, accompanied by increased cationic attraction to the MXene surface. These results highlight the influence of elemental composition on electrode performance, and the flexibility of our HCPM opens up new avenues for studying the performance of diverse heteroatomic electrodes including other types of MXenes, two-dimensional materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and doped carbonaceous electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Lin
- Multiscale
Modeling and Simulation Center, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1604, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1604, United States
| | - Shern R. Tee
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul R. C. Kent
- Computational
Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Debra J. Searles
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Peter T. Cummings
- Multiscale
Modeling and Simulation Center, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1604, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1604, United States
- School of
Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh, Scotland EH14 4AS, U.K.
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9
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Tian L, Gao X, Wang S, Chen C, Chen M, Guo W, Wang Z, Tai X, Han X, Xu C, Ruan Y, Zhu M, Xiong C, Yao T, Zhou H, Lin Y, Wu Y. Precise arrangement of metal atoms at the interface by a thermal printing strategy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2310916120. [PMID: 38117856 PMCID: PMC10756259 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310916120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinetics and pathway of most catalyzed reactions depend on the existence of interface, which makes the precise construction of highly active single-atom sites at the reaction interface a desirable goal. Herein, we propose a thermal printing strategy that not only arranges metal atoms at the silica and carbon layer interface but also stabilizes them by strong coordination. Just like the typesetting of Chinese characters on paper, this method relies on the controlled migration of movable nanoparticles between two contact substrates and the simultaneous emission of atoms from the nanoparticle surface at high temperatures. Observed by in situ transmission electron microscopy, a single Fe3O4 nanoparticle migrates from the core of a SiO2 sphere to the surface like a droplet at high temperatures, moves along the interface of SiO2 and the coated carbon layer, and releases metal atoms until it disappears completely. These detached atoms are then in situ trapped by nitrogen and sulfur defects in the carbon layer to generate Fe single-atom sites, exhibiting excellent activity for oxygen reduction reaction. Also, sites' densities can be regulated by controlling the size of Fe3O4 nanoparticle between the two surfaces. More importantly, this strategy is applicable to synthesize Mn, Co, Pt, Pd, Au single-atom sites, which provide a general route to arrange single-atom sites at the interface of different supports for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tian
- Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Xiaoping Gao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Sicong Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Cai Chen
- Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Min Chen
- Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Wenxin Guo
- Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Preservation Technology, Advanced Research Center, Hefei Hualing Co., Ltd., Hefei230000, China
| | - Xiaolin Tai
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Chenxi Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei230009, China
| | - Yaner Ruan
- Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Mengzhao Zhu
- Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Can Xiong
- Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Tao Yao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Huang Zhou
- Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Yuen Wu
- Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian116023, China
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10
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Zhang J, Usman KAS, Judicpa MAN, Hegh D, Lynch PA, Razal JM. Applications of X-Ray-Based Characterization in MXene Research. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201527. [PMID: 36808897 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
X-rays are a penetrating form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from 10 pm to 10 nm. Similar to visible light, X-rays provide a powerful tool to study the atoms and elemental information of objects. Different characterization methods based on X-rays are established, such as X-ray diffraction, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering, and X-ray-based spectroscopies, to explore the structural and elemental information of varied materials including low-dimensional nanomaterials. This review summarizes the recent progress of using X-ray related characterization methods in MXenes, a new family of 2D nanomaterials. These methods provide key information on the nanomaterials, covering synthesis, elemental composition, and the assembly of MXene sheets and their composites. Additionally, new characterization methods are proposed as future research directions in the outlook section to enhance understanding of MXene surface and chemical properties. This review is expected to provide a guideline for characterization method selection and aid in precise interpretation of the experimental data in MXene research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhen Zhang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Ken Aldren S Usman
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Mia Angela N Judicpa
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Dylan Hegh
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Peter A Lynch
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Joselito M Razal
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
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11
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Thakur A, Chandran B S N, Davidson K, Bedford A, Fang H, Im Y, Kanduri V, Wyatt BC, Nemani SK, Poliukhova V, Kumar R, Fakhraai Z, Anasori B. Step-by-Step Guide for Synthesis and Delamination of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300030. [PMID: 37150839 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To advance the MXene field, it is crucial to optimize each step of the synthesis process and create a detailed, systematic guide for synthesizing high-quality MXene that can be consistently reproduced. In this study, a detailed guide is provided for an optimized synthesis of titanium carbide (Ti3 C2 Tx ) MXene using a mixture of hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acids for the selective etching of the stoichimetric-Ti3 AlC2 MAX phase and delamination of the etched multilayered Ti3 C2 Tx MXene using lithium chloride at 65 °C for 1 h with argon bubbling. The effect of different synthesis variables is investigated, including the stoichiometry of the mixed powders to synthesize Ti3 AlC2 , pre-etch impurity removal conditions, selective etching, storage, and drying of MXene multilayer powder, and the subsequent delamination conditions. The synthesis yield and the MXene film electrical conductivity are used as the two parameters to evaluate the MXene quality. Also the MXenes are characterized with scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and ellipsometry. The Ti3 C2 Tx film made via the optimized method shows electrical conductivity as high as ≈21,000 S/cm with a synthesis yield of up to 38 %. A detailed protocol is also provided for the Ti3 C2 Tx MXene synthesis as the supporting information for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupma Thakur
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Nithin Chandran B S
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Center of Excellence in Ceramic Technologies for Futuristic Mobility, Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, 600036, India
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Karis Davidson
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Annabelle Bedford
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yooran Im
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Kanduri
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Brian C Wyatt
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Srinivasa Kartik Nemani
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Valeriia Poliukhova
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Center of Excellence in Ceramic Technologies for Futuristic Mobility, Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Zahra Fakhraai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Babak Anasori
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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12
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Wang Z, Zhang C, Li Y, Liang J, Zhang J, Liu Z, Wan C, Zong PA. Robustly Enhanced Seebeck Coefficient in the MXene/Organics/TiS 2 Misfit Structure for Flexible Thermoelectrics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37485969 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The flexible thermoelectric (TE) generator has emerged as a superior alternative to traditional batteries for powering wearable electronic devices, as it can efficiently convert skin heat into electricity without any safety concerns. MXene, a highly researched two-dimensional material, is known for its exceptional flexibility, hydrophilicity, metallic conductivity, and processability, among other properties, making it a versatile material for a wide range of applications, including supercapacitors, electromagnetic shielding, and sensors. However, the low intrinsic Seebeck coefficient of MXene due to its metallic conducting nature poses a significant challenge to its TE application. Therefore, improving the Seebeck coefficient remains a primary concern. In this regard, a flexible MXene/organics/TiS2 misfit film was synthesized in this work through organic intercalation, exfoliation, and re-assembly techniques. The absolute value of Seebeck coefficient of the misfit film was significantly enhanced to 44.8 μV K-1, which is five times higher than that of the original MXene film. This enhancement is attributed primarily to the weighted effect of the Seebeck coefficient and possibly to energy-filtering effects at the heterogeneous interfaces. Additionally, the power factor of the misfit film was considerably improved to 77.2 μW m-1 K-2, which is 18 times higher than that of the original MXene film. The maximum output power of the TE device constructed of the misfit film was 95 nW at a temperature difference of 40 K, resulting in a power density of 1.18 W m-2, demonstrating the significant potential of this technology for driving low-energy consumption wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chuanrui Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Key laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
| | - Chunlei Wan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng-An Zong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
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13
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Li Y, Huang S, Peng S, Jia H, Pang J, Ibarlucea B, Hou C, Cao Y, Zhou W, Liu H, Cuniberti G. Toward Smart Sensing by MXene. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206126. [PMID: 36517115 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Internet of Things era has promoted enormous research on sensors, communications, data fusion, and actuators. Among them, sensors are a prerequisite for acquiring the environmental information for delivering to an artificial data center to make decisions. The MXene-based sensors have aroused tremendous interest because of their extraordinary performances. In this review, the electrical, electronic, and optical properties of MXenes are first introduced. Next, the MXene-based sensors are discussed according to the sensing mechanisms such as electronic, electrochemical, and optical methods. Initially, biosensors are introduced based on chemiresistors and field-effect transistors. Besides, the wearable pressure sensor is demonstrated with piezoresistive devices. Third, the electrochemical methods include amperometry and electrochemiluminescence as examples. In addition, the optical approaches refer to surface plasmonic resonance and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Moreover, the prospects are delivered of multimodal data fusion toward complicated human-like senses. Eventually, future opportunities for MXene research are conveyed in the new material discovery, structure design, and proof-of-concept devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Shirong Huang
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Songang Peng
- High-Frequency High-Voltage Device and Integrated Circuits R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Jinbo Pang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Bergoi Ibarlucea
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chongyang Hou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control and Renewable Energy Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, China
- School of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, China
| | - Weijia Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Center of Bio and Micro/Nano Functional Materials, Shandong University, 27 Shandanan Road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Center for Intelligent Materials (GCL DCIM), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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14
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Mokkath JH. Photo-response of water intercalated Ti 3C 2O 2 MXene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:9522-9531. [PMID: 36939062 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00600j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXenes) have drawn a lot of attention because of their unique physicochemical properties. Recent experimental and theoretical findings reveal that water intercalation in MXene results in surface reconstruction and hydrolysis. In the current study, we investigated the electronic and optical characteristics of the water-intercalated Ti3C2O2 MXene using first-principles quantum simulations via density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). We show that water intercalation impacts the electronic states close to the Fermi level, which has a considerable effect on the electronic and optical properties of Ti3C2O2 MXene. Importantly, we linked hydrolysis with the changes in the HOMO and LUMO states and with the optical properties. The findings in this study contribute to a better understanding of the photo-response of the water-intercalated MXene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junais Habeeb Mokkath
- Quantum Nanophotonics Simulations Lab, Department of Physics, Kuwait College of Science And Technology, Doha Area, 7th Ring Road, P.O. Box 27235, Kuwait.
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15
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Hosseini-Shokouh S, Zhou J, Berger E, Lv ZP, Hong X, Virtanen V, Kordas K, Komsa HP. Highly Selective H 2S Gas Sensor Based on Ti 3C 2T x MXene-Organic Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:7063-7073. [PMID: 36694305 PMCID: PMC9923678 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cost-effective and high-performance H2S sensors are required for human health and environmental monitoring. 2D transition-metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) are appealing candidates for gas sensing due to good conductivity and abundant surface functional groups but have been studied primarily for detecting NH3 and VOCs, with generally positive responses that are not highly selective to the target gases. Here, we report on a negative response of pristine Ti3C2Tx thin films for H2S gas sensing (in contrast to the other tested gases) and further optimization of the sensor performance using a composite of Ti3C2Tx flakes and conjugated polymers (poly[3,6-diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride-co-3,6-diaminoacridine-squaraine], PDS-Cl) with polar charged nitrogen. The composite, preserving the high selectivity of pristine Ti3C2Tx, exhibits an H2S sensing response of 2% at 5 ppm (a thirtyfold sensing enhancement) and a low limit of detection of 500 ppb. In addition, our density functional theory calculations indicate that the mixture of MXene surface functional groups needs to be taken into account to describe the sensing mechanism and the selectivity of the sensor in agreement with the experimental results. Thus, this report extends the application range of MXene-based composites to H2S sensors and deepens the understanding of their gas sensing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed
Hossein Hosseini-Shokouh
- Microelectronics
Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, FIN-90014Oulu, Finland
| | - Jin Zhou
- Microelectronics
Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, FIN-90014Oulu, Finland
| | - Ethan Berger
- Microelectronics
Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, FIN-90014Oulu, Finland
| | - Zhong-Peng Lv
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FIN-00076Aalto, Finland
| | - Xiaodan Hong
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FIN-00076Aalto, Finland
| | - Vesa Virtanen
- Research
Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5A, 90220Oulu, Finland
| | - Krisztian Kordas
- Microelectronics
Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, FIN-90014Oulu, Finland
| | - Hannu-Pekka Komsa
- Microelectronics
Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, FIN-90014Oulu, Finland
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16
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Cockreham CB, Goncharov VG, Hammond-Pereira E, Reece ME, Strzelecki AC, Xu W, Saunders SR, Xu H, Guo X, Wu D. Energetic Stability and Interfacial Complexity of Ti 3C 2T x MXenes Synthesized with HF/HCl and CoF 2/HCl as Etching Agents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:41542-41554. [PMID: 36040849 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
MXenes are ultra-thin two-dimensional layered early transition-metal carbides and nitrides with potential applications in various emerging technologies, such as energy storage, water purification, and catalysis. MXenes are synthesized from the parent MAX phases with different etching agents [hydrofluoric acid (HF) or fluoride salts with a strong acid] by selectively removing a more weakly bound crystalline layer of Al or Ga replaced by surface groups (-O, -F, -OH, etc.). Ti3C2Tx MXene synthesized by CoF2/HCl etching has layered heterogeneity due to intercalated Al3+ and Co2+ that act as pillars for interlayer spacings. This study investigates the impacts of etching environments on the compositional, interfacial, structural, and thermodynamic properties of Ti3C2Tx MXenes. Specifically, compared with HF/HCl etching, CoF2/HCl treatment leads to a Ti3C2Tx MXene with a broader distribution of interlayer distances, increased number of intercalated cations, and decreased degree of hydration. Moreover, we determine the enthalpies of formation at 25 °C (ΔHf,25°C) of Ti3C2Tx MXenes etched with CoF2/HCl, ΔHf,25°C = -1891.7 ± 35.7 kJ/mol Ti3C2, and etched with HF/HCl, ΔHf,25°C = -1978.2 ± 35.7 kJ/mol Ti3C2, using high-temperature oxidation drop calorimetry. These energetic data are discussed and compared with experimentally derived and computationally predicted values to elucidate the effects of intercalants and surface groups of MXenes. We find that MXenes with intercalated metal cations have a less exothermic ΔHf,25°C from an increase in the interlayer space and dimension heterogeneity and a decrease in the degree of hydration leading to reduced layer-layer van der Waals interactions and weakened hydration effects applied on the MXene layers. The outcomes of this study further our understanding of MXene's energetic-structural-interfacial property relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody B Cockreham
- Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Vitaliy G Goncharov
- Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Ellis Hammond-Pereira
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Margaret E Reece
- Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Andrew C Strzelecki
- Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Wenqian Xu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Advanced Photon Source, Lemont, Illinois 60438, United States
| | - Steven R Saunders
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Hongwu Xu
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, New Mexico 87545, United States
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Di Wu
- Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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17
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Zong H, Liu W, Li M, Gong S, Yu K, Zhu Z. Oxygen-Terminated Nb 2CO 2 MXene with Interfacial Self-Assembled COF as a Bifunctional Catalyst for Durable Zinc-Air Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:10738-10746. [PMID: 35170933 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c25264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The desirable air cathode in Zn-air batteries (ZABs) that can effectively balance oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions not only needs to adjust the electronic structure of the catalyst but also needs a unique physical structure to cope with the complex gas-liquid environment. In this work, first-principles calculations were carried out to prove that oxygen-terminated Nb2CO2 MXene played an active role in enhancing the sluggish reaction of oxygen intermediates. Nb2CO2 MXene could also stimulate the spatial accumulation of discharge products, which was beneficial to improve the stability of secondary ZABs. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to show that the confinement effect of COF could effectively regulate the concentration of O2 on the surface of Nb2CO2@COF, which was conducive to an efficient and durable reaction. COF-LZU1 was self-assembled on the interface of Nb2CO2 MXene (Nb2CO2@COF) for the first time. The Nb2CO2@COF electrode had excellent OER/ORR overpotentials with the potential difference (ΔE) of 0.79 V. When applied to the configuration of ZABs, Nb2CO2@COF showed a power density of 75 mW cm-2 and favorable long-term charge/discharge stability, so it could be used as a potential candidate cathode for noble-metal-based catalysts. This idea of combining MXenes and COFs sheds some light on the design of ZABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zong
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Electronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Weicai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Electronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mengshu Li
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Electronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shijing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Electronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ke Yu
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Electronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Electronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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