1
|
Stamm SM, Wagner R, Lang DA, Skerra A, Gebauer M. Development of a Clonal and High-Yield Mammalian Cell Line for the Manufacturing of a Hyperactive Human DNase I with Extended Plasma Half-Life Using PASylation ® Technology. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:967. [PMID: 39065664 PMCID: PMC11280007 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cumulative evidence from several pre-clinical studies suggests that restoration of plasma DNase activity in a thrombo-inflammatory state may improve clinical outcomes. Following injury, hyperactivated immune cells release large amounts of granular proteins together with DNA, which often accumulate in the surrounding environment in so-called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Degradation of excess NETs by systemic DNase administration offers a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate inflammation and dissolve intravascular clots. In order to expand the therapeutic utility of human DNase I, a variant of the enzyme was developed that has both a prolonged systemic half-life and a higher catalytic activity compared to Dornase alfa (Pulmozyme®), the recombinant form of DNase I approved for inhaled therapy of cystic fibrosis. The hyperactive enzyme was "PASylated" by genetic fusion with a strongly hydrophilic and biodegradable PAS-polypeptide to increase its hydrodynamic volume and retard kidney filtration. A stable TurboCell™ CHO-K1-based cell line was generated which is suitable for the future production of PASylated DNase I according to good manufacturing practice (GMP). Furthermore, a robust bioprocess strategy was devised and an effective downstream process was developed. The final protein product is characterized by excellent purity, favorable physicochemical properties, a 14-fold higher DNA-degrading activity than Dornase alfa and a sustained pharmacokinetic profile, with a 22-fold slower clearance in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge M. Stamm
- Rentschler Biopharma SE, Erwin-Rentschler-Str. 21, 88471 Laupheim, Germany; (S.M.S.); (R.W.)
| | - Roland Wagner
- Rentschler Biopharma SE, Erwin-Rentschler-Str. 21, 88471 Laupheim, Germany; (S.M.S.); (R.W.)
| | - Dietmar A. Lang
- Rentschler Biopharma SE, Erwin-Rentschler-Str. 21, 88471 Laupheim, Germany; (S.M.S.); (R.W.)
| | - Arne Skerra
- XL-Protein GmbH, Lise-Meitner-Str. 30, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Morita K, Moriwaki T, Habe S, Taniguchi-Ikeda M, Hasegawa T, Minato Y, Aoi T, Maruyama T. Molecular Aggregation Strategy for Inhibiting DNases. JACS AU 2024; 4:2262-2266. [PMID: 38938790 PMCID: PMC11200219 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
This study highlights the novel potential of molecular aggregates as inhibitors of a disease-related protein. Enzyme inhibitors have been studied and developed as molecularly targeted drugs and have been applied for cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infections. In many cases, enzyme inhibitors that are used for therapeutic applications interact directly with enzymes in a molecule-to-molecule manner. We found that the aggregates of a small compound, Mn007, inhibited bovine pancreatic DNase I. Once Mn007 molecules formed aggregates, they exhibited inhibitory effects specific to DNases that require divalent metal ions. A DNase secreted by Streptococcus pyogenes causes streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). STSS is a severe infectious disease with a fatality rate exceeding 30% in patients, even in this century. S. pyogenes disrupts the human barrier system against microbial infections through the secreted DNase. Until now, the discovery/development of a DNase inhibitor has been challenging. Mn007 aggregates were found to inhibit the DNase secreted by S. pyogenes, which led to the successful suppression of S. pyogenes growth in human whole blood. To date, molecular aggregation has been outside the scope of drug discovery. The present study suggests that molecular aggregation is a vast area to be explored for drug discovery and development because aggregates of small-molecule compounds can inhibit disease-related enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Morita
- Department
of Chemical Science and
Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Research
Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoko Moriwaki
- Department
of Chemical Science and
Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Habe
- Department
of Chemical Science and
Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Mariko Taniguchi-Ikeda
- Department
of Clinical Genetics, Fujita Health University
Hospital 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-chou, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tadao Hasegawa
- Department
of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical
Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yusuke Minato
- Department
of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Fujita
Health University, 1-98
Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-chou, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Takashi Aoi
- Division
of Stem Cell Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1
Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Maruyama
- Department
of Chemical Science and
Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Research
Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Charbit AR, Liegeois MA, Raymond WW, Comhair SAA, Johansson MW, Hastie AT, Bleecker ER, Fajt M, Castro M, Sumino K, Erzurum SC, Israel E, Jarjour NN, Mauger DT, Moore WC, Wenzel SE, Woodruff PG, Levy BD, Tang MC, Fahy JV. A novel DNase assay reveals low DNase activity in severe asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L796-L804. [PMID: 38651338 PMCID: PMC11380938 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00081.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Secreted deoxyribonucleases (DNases), such as DNase-I and DNase-IL3, degrade extracellular DNA, and endogenous DNases have roles in resolving airway inflammation and guarding against autoimmune responses to nucleotides. Subsets of patients with asthma have high airway DNA levels, but information about DNase activity in health and in asthma is lacking. To characterize DNase activity in health and in asthma, we developed a novel kinetic assay using a Taqman probe sequence that is quickly cleaved by DNase-I to produce a large product signal. We used this kinetic assay to measure DNase activity in sputum from participants in the Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP)-3 (n = 439) and from healthy controls (n = 89). We found that DNase activity was lower than normal in asthma [78.7 relative fluorescence units (RFU)/min vs. 120.4 RFU/min, P < 0.0001]. Compared to patients with asthma with sputum DNase activity in the upper tertile activity levels, those in the lower tertile of sputum DNase activity were characterized clinically by more severe disease and pathologically by airway eosinophilia and airway mucus plugging. Carbamylation of DNase-I, a post-translational modification that can be mediated by eosinophil peroxidase, inactivated DNase-I. In summary, a Taqman probe-based DNase activity assay uncovers low DNase activity in the asthma airway that is associated with more severe disease and airway mucus plugging and may be caused, at least in part, by eosinophil-mediated carbamylation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We developed a new DNase assay and used it to show that DNase activity is impaired in asthma airways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle R Charbit
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Maude A Liegeois
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Wilfred W Raymond
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Suzy A A Comhair
- Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Mats W Johansson
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Annette T Hastie
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Merritt Fajt
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Mario Castro
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Kaharu Sumino
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Elliot Israel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - David T Mauger
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Wendy C Moore
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Monica C Tang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - John V Fahy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lachance-Brais C, Yao C, Reyes-Valenzuela A, Asohan J, Guettler E, Sleiman HF. Exceptional Nuclease Resistance of DNA and RNA with the Addition of Small-Molecule Nucleobase Mimics. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5811-5822. [PMID: 38387071 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Nucleases present a formidable barrier to the application of nucleic acids in biology, significantly reducing the lifetime of nucleic acid-based drugs. Here, we develop a novel methodology to protect DNA and RNA from nucleases by reconfiguring their supramolecular structure through the addition of a nucleobase mimic, cyanuric acid. In the presence of cyanuric acid, polyadenine strands assemble into triple helical fibers known as the polyA/CA motif. We report that this motif is exceptionally resistant to nucleases, with the constituent strands surviving for up to 1 month in the presence of serum. The conferred stability extends to adjacent non-polyA sequences, albeit with diminishing returns relative to their polyA sections due to hypothesized steric clashes. We introduce a strategy to regenerate stability through the introduction of free polyA strands or positively charged amino side chains, enhancing the stability of sequences of varied lengths. The proposed protection mechanism involves enzyme failure to recognize the unnatural polyA/CA motif, coupled with the motif's propensity to form long, bundling supramolecular fibers. The methodology provides a fundamentally new mechanism to protect nucleic acids from degradation using a supramolecular approach and increases lifetime in serum to days, weeks, or months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chihyu Yao
- McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A0B8, Canada
| | | | - Jathavan Asohan
- McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A0B8, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Guettler
- McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A0B8, Canada
| | - Hanadi F Sleiman
- McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A0B8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kast DJ, Jansen S. Purification of modified mammalian actin isoforms for in vitro reconstitution assays. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151363. [PMID: 37778219 PMCID: PMC10872616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro reconstitution assays using purified actin have greatly improved our understanding of cytoskeletal dynamics and their regulation by actin-binding proteins. However, early purification methods consisted of harsh conditions to obtain pure actin and often did not include correct maturation and obligate modification of the isolated actin monomers. Novel insights into the folding requirements and N-terminal processing of actin as well as a better understanding of the interaction of actin with monomer sequestering proteins such as DNaseI, profilin and gelsolin, led to the development of more gentle approaches to obtain pure recombinant actin isoforms with known obligate modifications. This review summarizes the approaches that can be employed to isolate natively folded endogenous and recombinant actin from tissues and cells. We further emphasize the use and limitations of each method and describe how these methods can be implemented to study actin PTMs, disease-related actin mutations and novel actin-like proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Kast
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, United States.
| | - Silvia Jansen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Peng YH, Hsiao SK, Gupta K, Ruland A, Auernhammer GK, Maitz MF, Boye S, Lattner J, Gerri C, Honigmann A, Werner C, Krieg E. Dynamic matrices with DNA-encoded viscoelasticity for cell and organoid culture. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:1463-1473. [PMID: 37550574 PMCID: PMC10716043 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell and organoid cultures rely on the mechanical support of viscoelastic matrices. However, commonly used matrix materials lack control over key cell-instructive properties. Here we report on fully synthetic hydrogels based on DNA libraries that self-assemble with ultrahigh-molecular-weight polymers, forming a dynamic DNA-crosslinked matrix (DyNAtrix). DyNAtrix enables computationally predictable and systematic control over its viscoelasticity, thermodynamic and kinetic parameters by changing DNA sequence information. Adjustable heat activation allows homogeneous embedding of mammalian cells. Intriguingly, stress-relaxation times can be tuned over four orders of magnitude, recapitulating mechanical characteristics of living tissues. DyNAtrix is self-healing, printable, exhibits high stability, cyto- and haemocompatibility, and controllable degradation. DyNAtrix-based cultures of human mesenchymal stromal cells, pluripotent stem cells, canine kidney cysts and human trophoblast organoids show high viability, proliferation and morphogenesis. DyNAtrix thus represents a programmable and versatile precision matrix for advanced approaches to biomechanics, biophysics and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Peng
- Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Syuan-Ku Hsiao
- Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Krishna Gupta
- Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - André Ruland
- Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Günter K Auernhammer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Polymer Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred F Maitz
- Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Boye
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johanna Lattner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Gerri
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alf Honigmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisha Krieg
- Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aramburu IV, Hoving D, Vernardis SI, Tin MCF, Ioannou M, Temkin MI, De Vasconcelos NM, Demichev V, Helbig ET, Lippert L, Stahl K, White M, Radbruch H, Ihlow J, Horst D, Chiesa ST, Deanfield JE, David S, Bode C, Kurth F, Ralser M, Papayannopoulos V. Functional proteomic profiling links deficient DNA clearance with increased mortality in individuals with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Immunity 2022; 55:2436-2453.e5. [PMID: 36462503 PMCID: PMC9671605 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The factors that influence survival during severe infection are unclear. Extracellular chromatin drives pathology, but the mechanisms enabling its accumulation remain elusive. Here, we show that in murine sepsis models, splenocyte death interferes with chromatin clearance through the release of the DNase I inhibitor actin. Actin-mediated inhibition was compensated by upregulation of DNase I or the actin scavenger gelsolin. Splenocyte death and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) clearance deficiencies were prevalent in individuals with severe COVID-19 pneumonia or microbial sepsis. Activity tracing by plasma proteomic profiling uncovered an association between low NET clearance and increased COVID-19 pathology and mortality. Low NET clearance activity with comparable proteome associations was prevalent in healthy donors with low-grade inflammation, implicating defective chromatin clearance in the development of cardiovascular disease and linking COVID-19 susceptibility to pre-existing conditions. Hence, the combination of aberrant chromatin release with defects in protective clearance mechanisms lead to poor survival outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis Hoving
- The Francis Crick Institute, Antimicrobial Defence Laboratory, London, UK
| | - Spyros I Vernardis
- The Francis Crick Institute, Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, London, UK
| | - Martha C F Tin
- The Francis Crick Institute, Antimicrobial Defence Laboratory, London, UK
| | - Marianna Ioannou
- The Francis Crick Institute, Antimicrobial Defence Laboratory, London, UK
| | - Mia I Temkin
- The Francis Crick Institute, Antimicrobial Defence Laboratory, London, UK
| | | | - Vadim Demichev
- The Francis Crick Institute, Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, London, UK
| | - Elisa Theresa Helbig
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Lippert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Stahl
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthew White
- The Francis Crick Institute, Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, London, UK
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Neuropathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Ihlow
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Horst
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Scott T Chiesa
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - John E Deanfield
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sascha David
- Institute for Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Bode
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Florian Kurth
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Ralser
- The Francis Crick Institute, Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, London, UK; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Biochemistry, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
DiNubile MJ, Parra S, Salomó AC, Levinson SL. Adjunctive Recombinant Human Plasma Gelsolin for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac357. [PMID: 35928505 PMCID: PMC9345409 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive inflammation contributes to the morbidity and mortality of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Recombinant human plasma gelsolin (rhu-pGSN) improves disease outcomes in diverse experimental models of infectious and noninfectious inflammation. Methods In a blinded, randomized study, 61 subjects with documented COVID-19 pneumonia having a World Health Organization (WHO) Severity Score of 4 to 6 and evidence of a hyperinflammatory state were treated with standard care and either adjunctive rhu-pGSN 12 mg/kg or an equal volume of saline placebo given intravenously at entry, 12 hours, and 36 hours. The prespecified coprimary outcomes were survival without major respiratory, hemodynamic, or renal support on Day 14 and the incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) during the 90-day study period. Results All subjects receiving ≥1 dose of study drug were analyzed. Fifty-four of 61 subjects (88.5%) were WHO severity level 4 at entry. The proportions of subjects alive without support on Day 14 were 25 of 30 rhu-pGSN recipients (83.3%) and 27 of 31 placebo recipients (87.1%). Over the duration of the study, WHO Severity Scores improved similarly in both treatment groups. No statistically significant differences were observed between treatment groups at any time point examined. Two subjects died in each group. Numerically fewer subjects in the rhu-pGSN group had SAEs (5 subjects; 16.7%) or ≥ Grade 3 adverse events (5 subjects; 16.7%) than in the placebo group (8 subjects [25.8%] and 9 subjects [29.0%], respectively), mostly involving the lungs. Three rhu-pGSN recipients (10.0%) were intubated compared to 6 placebo recipients (19.4%). Conclusions Overall, subjects in this study did well irrespective of treatment arm. When added to dexamethasone and remdesivir, no definitive benefit was demonstrated for rhu-pGSN relative to placebo. Safety signals were not identified after the administration of 3 doses of 12 mg/kg rhu-pGSN over 36 hours. The frequencies of SAEs and intubation were numerically fewer in the rhu-pGSN group compared with placebo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Parra
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus , Spain
| | - Antoni Castro Salomó
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus , Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ahmad A, Mandwie M, O'Sullivan KM, Smyth C, York J, Doyle H, Holdsworth S, Pickering MC, Lachmann PJ, Alexander IE, Logan G. Conversion of the liver into a biofactory for DNaseI using adeno-associated virus vector gene transfer reduces neutrophil extracellular traps in a model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:560-571. [PMID: 35293226 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are proving to be clinically transformative tools in the treatment of monogenic genetic disease. Rapid ongoing development of this technology promises to not only increase the number of monogenic disorders amenable to this approach, but also to bring diseases with complex multigenic and non-genetic aetiologies within therapeutic reach. Here we explore the broader paradigm of converting the liver into a biofactory for systemic output of therapeutic molecules using AAV-mediated delivery of DNaseI as an exemplar. DNaseI can clear neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are nuclear-protein structures possessing anti-microbial action that are also involved in the pathophysiology of clinically troubling immune-mediated diseases. However, a translational challenge is short half-life of the enzyme in vivo (<5 hours). The current study demonstrates that AAV-mediated liver-targeted gene transfer stably induces serum DNaseI activity to >190-fold above physiological levels. In lupus-prone mice (NZBWF1) activity was maintained for longer than 6 months, the latest time point tested, and resulted in a clear functional effect with reduced renal presence of neutrophils, NETs, IgG and complement C3. However, treatment in this complex disease model did not extend life-span, improve serological endpoints or preserve renal function indicating there are elements of pathophysiology not accessible to DNaseI in the NZBWF1 model. We conclude that a translational solution to the challenge of short half-life of DNaseI is AAV-mediated gene delivery and that this may be efficacious in treating disease where NETs are a dominant pathological mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Ahmad
- Children's Medical Research Institute, 58454, Gene Therapy Research Unit, Westmead, Australia;
| | - Mawj Mandwie
- Children's Medical Research Institute, 58454, Gene Therapy Research Unit, Westmead, Australia;
| | | | - Christine Smyth
- Children's Medical Research Institute, 58454, Gene Therapy Research Unit, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia, 2145;
| | - Jarrod York
- The University of Sydney, 4334, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Helen Doyle
- The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Randwick and Westmead, 371501, Pathology, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Stephen Holdsworth
- Monash University, 2541, Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Matthew C Pickering
- Imperial College London, 4615, Centre of Inflammatory Disease, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Peter J Lachmann
- University of Cambridge, 2152, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Ian Edward Alexander
- Sydney Children's Hospitals Network and Children's Medical Research Institute, Corner Hawkesbury Rd & Hainsworth St, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia, 2145 Sydney;
| | - Grant Logan
- Children's Medical Research Institute, 58454, Gene Therapy Research Unit, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Australia, 2145;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Janovičová Ľ, Gromová B, Drobná D, Konečná B, Renczés E, Borbélyová V, Hodosy J, Celec P. Sex Difference in Plasma Deoxyribonuclease Activity in Rats. Physiol Res 2021; 70:913-920. [PMID: 34717068 PMCID: PMC8815475 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular DNA (ecDNA) activates immune cells and is involved in the pathogenesis of diseases associated with inflammation such as sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis or metabolic syndrome. DNA can be cleaved by deoxyribonucleases (DNases), some of which are secreted out of cells. The aim of this experiment was to describe plasma DNase activity in relation to extracellular DNA in adult rats, to analyse potential sex differences and to prove whether they are related to endogenous testosterone. Adult Lewis rats (n=28) of both sexes were included in the experiment. Male rats were gonadectomized or sham-operated and compared to intact female rats. Plasma ecDNA and DNase activity were measured using fluorometry and single radial enzyme diffusion assay, respectively. Concentrations of nuclear ecDNA and mitochondrial ecDNA were determined using real-time PCR. Females had 60% higher plasma DNase activity than males ( p=0.03). Gonadectomy did not affect plasma DNase in males. Neither the concentration of total ecDNA, nor nuclear or mitochondrial DNA in plasma differed between the groups. No significant correlations between DNase and ecDNA were found. From previous studies on mice, it was expected, that male rats will have higher DNase activity. In contrast, our study in rats showed the opposite sex difference. This sex difference seems not to be caused by endogenous testosterone. Interestingly, no sex differences were observed in plasma ecDNA suggesting a complex or missing association between plasma ecDNA and DNase. The observed sex difference in plasma DNase should be taken into account in animal models of ecDNA-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ľ Janovičová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Janovičová Ľ, Gromová B, Drobná D, Konečná B, Renczés E, Borbélyová V, Hodosy J, Celec P. Sex Difference in Plasma Deoxyribonuclease Activity in Rats. Physiol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.33549//physiolres.934766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular DNA (ecDNA) activates immune cells and is involved in the pathogenesis of diseases associated with inflammation such as sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis or metabolic syndrome. DNA can be cleaved by deoxyribonucleases (DNases), some of which are secreted out of cells. The aim of this experiment was to describe plasma DNase activity in relation to extracellular DNA in adult rats, to analyse potential sex differences and to prove whether they are related to endogenous testosterone. Adult Lewis rats (n=28) of both sexes were included in the experiment. Male rats were gonadectomized or sham-operated and compared to intact female rats. Plasma ecDNA and DNase activity were measured using fluorometry and single radial enzyme diffusion assay, respectively. Concentrations of nuclear ecDNA and mitochondrial ecDNA were determined using real-time PCR. Females had 60% higher plasma DNase activity than males (p=0.03). Gonadectomy did not affect plasma DNase in males. Neither the concentration of total ecDNA, nor nuclear or mitochondrial DNA in plasma differed between the groups. No significant correlations between DNase and ecDNA were found. From previous studies on mice, it was expected, that male rats will have higher DNase activity. In contrast, our study in rats showed the opposite sex difference. This sex difference seems not to be caused by endogenous testosterone. Interestingly, no sex differences were observed in plasma ecDNA suggesting a complex or missing association between plasma ecDNA and DNase. The observed sex difference in plasma DNase should be taken into account in animal models of ecDNA-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - P. Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dhawan UK, Bhattacharya P, Narayanan S, Manickam V, Aggarwal A, Subramanian M. Hypercholesterolemia Impairs Clearance of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Promotes Inflammation and Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2598-2615. [PMID: 34348488 PMCID: PMC8454501 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.316389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Hypercholesterolemia-induced NETosis and accumulation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the atherosclerotic lesion exacerbates inflammation and is causally implicated in plaque progression. We investigated whether hypercholesterolemia additionally impairs the clearance of NETs mediated by endonucleases such as DNase1 and DNase1L3 and its implication in advanced atherosclerotic plaque progression. Approach and Results: Using a mouse model, we demonstrate that an experimental increase in the systemic level of NETs leads to a rapid increase in serum DNase activity, which is critical for the prompt clearance of NETs and achieving inflammation resolution. Importantly, hypercholesterolemic mice demonstrate an impairment in this critical NET-induced DNase response with consequent delay in the clearance of NETs and defective inflammation resolution. Administration of tauroursodeoxycholic acid, a chemical chaperone that relieves endoplasmic reticulum stress, rescued the hypercholesterolemia-induced impairment in the NET-induced DNase response suggesting a causal role for endoplasmic reticulum stress in this phenomenon. Correction of the defective DNase response with exogenous supplementation of DNase1 in Apoe-/- mice with advanced atherosclerosis resulted in a decrease in plaque NET content and significant plaque remodeling with decreased area of plaque necrosis and increased collagen content. From a translational standpoint, we demonstrate that humans with hypercholesterolemia have elevated systemic extracellular DNA levels and decreased plasma DNase activity. Conclusions: These data suggest that hypercholesterolemia impairs the NET-induced DNase response resulting in defective clearance and accumulation of NETs in the atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, strategies aimed at rescuing this defect could be of potential therapeutic benefit in promoting inflammation resolution and atherosclerotic plaque stabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Kumar Dhawan
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (U.K.D., M.S.)
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India (U.K.D., P.B., S.N., V.M., A.A., M.S.)
| | - Purbasha Bhattacharya
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India (U.K.D., P.B., S.N., V.M., A.A., M.S.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India (P.B., A.A.)
| | - Sriram Narayanan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India (U.K.D., P.B., S.N., V.M., A.A., M.S.)
| | - Vijayprakash Manickam
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India (U.K.D., P.B., S.N., V.M., A.A., M.S.)
| | - Ayush Aggarwal
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India (U.K.D., P.B., S.N., V.M., A.A., M.S.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India (P.B., A.A.)
| | - Manikandan Subramanian
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (U.K.D., M.S.)
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India (U.K.D., P.B., S.N., V.M., A.A., M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vasilev F, Ezhova Y, Chun JT. Signaling Enzymes and Ion Channels Being Modulated by the Actin Cytoskeleton at the Plasma Membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910366. [PMID: 34638705 PMCID: PMC8508623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A cell should deal with the changing external environment or the neighboring cells. Inevitably, the cell surface receives and transduces a number of signals to produce apt responses. Typically, cell surface receptors are activated, and during this process, the subplasmalemmal actin cytoskeleton is often rearranged. An intriguing point is that some signaling enzymes and ion channels are physically associated with the actin cytoskeleton, raising the possibility that the subtle changes of the local actin cytoskeleton can, in turn, modulate the activities of these proteins. In this study, we reviewed the early and new experimental evidence supporting the notion of actin-regulated enzyme and ion channel activities in various cell types including the cells of immune response, neurons, oocytes, hepatocytes, and epithelial cells, with a special emphasis on the Ca2+ signaling pathway that depends on the synthesis of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Some of the features that are commonly found in diverse cells from a wide spectrum of the animal species suggest that fine-tuning of the activities of the enzymes and ion channels by the actin cytoskeleton may be an important strategy to inhibit or enhance the function of these signaling proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Vasilev
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue St Denis, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Correspondence: (F.V.); (J.T.C.); Tel.: +1-514-249-5862 (F.V.); +39-081-583-3407 (J.T.C.)
| | - Yulia Ezhova
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada;
| | - Jong Tai Chun
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.V.); (J.T.C.); Tel.: +1-514-249-5862 (F.V.); +39-081-583-3407 (J.T.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li L, Liu T, Wang M, Ren Y, Jia N, Bu H, Xie G, Xu H, Wu Y, Ouyang X. Snowflake-like DNA crystals templated Cu clusters as a fluorescent turn-on probe for sensing actin. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1173:338700. [PMID: 34172154 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we synthesized snowflake-like DNA crystals (SDC) via hybridization chain reaction and used it for the first time in the synthesis of copper nanoclusters with enhanced fluorescence. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and laser confocal microscopy characterization confirmed that SDC/CuNCs are self-assembled successfully on SDC. Aggregation induced emission allows SDC/CuNCs to exhibit better stability and stronger emission intensity. Thus, we developed the "turn-on" label-free fluorescence detection method of actin based on SDC/CuNCs which offer simplicity, low cost, good selectivity, and high sensitivity. The detection limit was determined to be 0.0124 μg mL-1, which was an order of magnitude lower than that of reported fluorescent methods (0.12 μg mL-1). Compared with previous method, the linear range is also much wider. We also performed standard recovery experiments in actual samples for evaluating the practicality of this strategy and proved that the capability of the proposed approach for the determination of actin is feasible and the interference from complex biological samples is negligible. These results indicate that SDC/CuNCs are expected to play a more important role in the field of biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Meifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong'an Ren
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaiyu Bu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyuan Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Verhülsdonk L, Mannherz HG, Napirei M. Comparison of the secretory murine DNase1 family members expressed in Pichia pastoris. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253476. [PMID: 34329318 PMCID: PMC8323900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble nucleases of the deoxyribonuclease 1 (DNase1) family facilitate DNA and chromatin disposal (chromatinolysis) during certain forms of cell differentiation and death and participate in the suppression of anti-nuclear autoimmunity as well as thrombotic microangiopathies caused by aggregated neutrophil extracellular traps. Since a systematic and direct comparison of the specific activities and properties of the secretory DNase1 family members is still missing, we expressed and purified recombinant murine DNase1 (rmDNase1), DNase1-like 2 (rmDNase1L2) and DNase1-like 3 (rmDNase1L3) using Pichia pastoris. Employing different strategies for optimizing culture and purification conditions, we achieved yields of pure protein between ~3 mg/l (rmDNase1L2 and rmDNase1L3) and ~9 mg/l (rmDNase1) expression medium. Furthermore, we established a procedure for post-expressional maturation of pre-mature DNase still bound to an unprocessed tri-N-glycosylated pro-peptide of the yeast α-mating factor. We analyzed glycosylation profiles and determined specific DNase activities by the hyperchromicity assay. Additionally, we evaluated substrate specificities under various conditions at equimolar DNase isoform concentrations by lambda DNA and chromatin digestion assays in the presence and absence of heparin and monomeric skeletal muscle α-actin. Our results suggest that due to its biochemical properties mDNase1L2 can be regarded as an evolutionary intermediate isoform of mDNase1 and mDNase1L3. Consequently, our data show that the secretory DNase1 family members complement each other to achieve optimal DNA degradation and chromatinolysis under a broad spectrum of biological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Verhülsdonk
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hans Georg Mannherz
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Clinics of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Markus Napirei
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mangold A, Ondracek AS, Hofbauer TM, Scherz T, Artner T, Panagiotides N, Beitzke D, Ruzicka G, Nistler S, Wohlschläger-Krenn E, Winker R, Quehenberger P, Traxler-Weidenauer D, Spannbauer A, Gyöngyösi M, Testori C, Lang IM. Culprit site extracellular DNA and microvascular obstruction in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2006-2017. [PMID: 34173822 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Extracellular chromatin and deoxyribonuclease (DNase) have been identified as important players of thrombosis, inflammation and homeostasis in a murine model. We previously demonstrated that activated neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) at the culprit site in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), which significantly contribute to extracellular chromatin burden, and are associated with larger infarcts. To understand the correlation between neutrophil activation, extracellular chromatin and infarct size (IS), we investigated these parameters in a porcine myocardial infarction model, and at different time points and sites in a prospective STEMI trial with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) endpoints. METHODS AND RESULTS In a prospective STEMI trial (NCT01777750), 101 STEMI patients were included and blood samples were obtained from first medical contact until 6 months after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) including direct sampling from the culprit site. CMR was performed 4 ± 2 days and 6 months after pPCI. Neutrophil counts, markers of extracellular chromatin and inflammation were measured. Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), citrullinated histone 3, nucleosomes, myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase and interleukin (IL)-6 were significantly increased, while DNase activity was significantly decreased at the culprit site in STEMI patients. High neutrophil counts and dsDNA levels at the culprit site correlated with high microvascular obstruction (MVO) and low ejection fraction (EF). High DNase activity at the culprit site correlated with low MVO and high EF.In correspondence, dsDNA correlated with IS in the porcine myocardial infarction model. In porcine infarcts, neutrophils and extracellular chromatin were detected in congested small arteries corresponding with MVO. Markers of neutrophil activation, extracellular chromatin, DNase activity and CMR measurements correlated with markers of systemic inflammation C-reactive protein and IL-6 in patients. CONCLUSIONS NETs and extracellular chromatin are important determinants of MVO in STEMI. Rapid degradation of extracellular chromatin by DNases appears to be crucial for microvascular patency and outcome. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE We show that NETs and extracellular DNA obstruct microvessels in the porcine myocardial infarction model and is connected to increased infarct size. We are able to prove this observation in human STEMI patients. DNase is capable to counteract these effects. Extracellular DNA could be a new treatment target in STEMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mangold
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna S Ondracek
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas M Hofbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Scherz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Landesklinikum Wiener, Neustadt, Austria
| | - Tyler Artner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Noel Panagiotides
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietrich Beitzke
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Ruzicka
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Nistler
- Center of Prevention and Health, Sanatorium Hera, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Robert Winker
- Center of Prevention and Health, Sanatorium Hera, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Quehenberger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Andreas Spannbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Testori
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Nephrology, Landesklinikum Wiener, Neustadt, Austria
| | - Irene M Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hazeldine J, Lord JM. Neutrophils and COVID-19: Active Participants and Rational Therapeutic Targets. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680134. [PMID: 34149717 PMCID: PMC8206563 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst the majority of individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative pathogen of COVID-19, experience mild to moderate symptoms, approximately 20% develop severe respiratory complications that may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary failure and death. To date, single cell and high-throughput systems based analyses of the peripheral and pulmonary immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 suggest that a hyperactive and dysregulated immune response underpins the development of severe disease, with a prominent role assigned to neutrophils. Characterised in part by robust generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), the presence of immature, immunosuppressive and activated neutrophil subsets in the circulation, and neutrophilic infiltrates in the lung, a granulocytic signature is emerging as a defining feature of severe COVID-19. Furthermore, an assessment of the number, maturity status and/or function of circulating neutrophils at the time of hospital admission has shown promise as a prognostic tool for the early identification of patients at risk of clinical deterioration. Here, by summarising the results of studies that have examined the peripheral and pulmonary immune response to SARS-CoV-2, we provide a comprehensive overview of the changes that occur in the composition, phenotype and function of the neutrophil pool in COVID-19 patients of differing disease severities and discuss potential mediators of SARS-CoV-2-induced neutrophil dysfunction. With few specific treatments currently approved for COVID-19, we conclude the review by discussing whether neutrophils represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Hazeldine
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Janet M. Lord
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Morales-Primo AU, Becker I, Zamora-Chimal J. Neutrophil extracellular trap-associated molecules: a review on their immunophysiological and inflammatory roles. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 41:253-274. [PMID: 34036897 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1921174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are a defense mechanism against pathogens. They are composed of DNA and various proteins and have the ability to hinder microbial spreading and survival. However, NETs are not only related to infections but also participate in sterile inflammatory events. In addition to DNA, NETs contain histones, serine proteases, cytoskeletal proteins and antimicrobial peptides, all of which have immunomodulatory properties that can augment or decrease the inflammatory response. Extracellular localization of these molecules alerts the immune system of cellular damage, which is triggered by recognition of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through specific pattern recognition receptors. However, not all of these molecules are DAMPs and may have other immunophysiological properties in the extracellular space. The release of NETs can lead to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (due to TLR2/4/9 and inflammasome activation), the destruction of the extracellular matrix, activation of serine proteases and of matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs), modulation of cellular proliferation, induction of cellular migration and adhesion, promotion of thrombogenesis and angiogenesis and disruption of epithelial and endothelial permeability. Understanding the dynamics of NET-associated molecules, either individually or synergically, will help to unravel their role in inflammatory events and open novel perspectives for potential therapeutic targets. We here review molecules contained within NETS and their immunophysiological roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham U Morales-Primo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Zamora-Chimal
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fetz AE, Bowlin GL. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Inflammation and Biomaterial Preconditioning for Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:437-450. [PMID: 33736452 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue injury initiates a tissue repair program, characterized by acute inflammation and recruitment of immune cells, dominated by neutrophils. Neutrophils prevent infection in the injured tissue through multiple effector functions, including the production of reactive oxygen species, the release of granules, the phagocytosis of invaders, and the extrusion of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, these canonical protective mechanisms can also have detrimental effects both in the context of infection and in response to sterile injuries. Of particular interest to biomaterials and tissue engineering is the release of NETs, which are extracellular structures composed of decondensed chromatin and various toxic nuclear and granular components. These structures and their dysregulated release can cause collateral tissue damage, uncontrolled inflammation, and fibrosis and prevent the neutrophil from exerting its prohealing functions. This review discusses our knowledge of NETs, including their composition and morphology, signaling pathways, inhibitors, and contribution to inflammatory pathologies, as well as their role in the resolution of inflammation. In addition, we summarize what is known about the release of NETs as a preconditioning event in the response to biomaterials and highlight future considerations to target the neutrophil response and enhance biomaterial-guided tissue repair and regeneration. Impact statement Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release is an active process programmed into the neutrophil's molecular machinery to prevent infection. However, the release of NETs on biomaterials appears to be a significant preconditioning event that influences the potential for tissue healing with largely detrimental consequences. Given their contribution to inflammatory pathologies, this review highlights the role of NETs in the response to biomaterials. Together, the studies discussed in this review suggest that biomaterials should be designed to regulate NET release to avoid maladaptive immune responses and improve the therapeutic potential of tissue-engineered biomaterials and their applications in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison E Fetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gary L Bowlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Karlsson R, Dráber P. Profilin-A master coordinator of actin and microtubule organization in mammalian cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7256-7265. [PMID: 33821475 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed a tremendous increase in cell biology data. Not least is this true for studies of the dynamic organization of the microfilament and microtubule systems in animal cells where analyses of the molecular components and their interaction patterns have deepened our understanding of these complex force-generating machineries. Previous observations of a molecular cross-talk between the two systems have now led to the realization of the existence of several intricate mechanisms operating to maintain their coordinated cellular organization. In this short review, we relate to this development by discussing new results concerning the function of the actin regulator profilin 1 as a control component of microfilament-microtubule cross-talk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Karlsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, WGI, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pavel Dráber
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hazeldine J, Dinsdale RJ, Naumann DN, Acharjee A, Bishop JRB, Lord JM, Harrison P. Traumatic injury is associated with reduced deoxyribonuclease activity and dysregulation of the actin scavenging system. BURNS & TRAUMA 2021; 9:tkab001. [PMID: 33834079 PMCID: PMC8014516 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Traumatic injury is associated with increased concentrations of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the circulation, which contribute to post-injury complications. The endonuclease deoxyribonuclease 1 (DNase-1) is responsible for removing 90% of circulating cfDNA. Recently, DNase activity was reported to be significantly reduced following major non-traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the processes responsible were not investigated. Moreover, it is not known how quickly following injury DNase activity is reduced and whether this also occurs after TBI. Methods At 3 post-injury time points (≤1, 4–12 and 48–72 hours), blood samples were obtained from 155 adult trauma patients that had sustained an isolated TBI (n = 21), TBI with accompanying extracranial injury (TBI+) (n = 53) or an extracranial injury only (ECI) (n = 81). In addition to measuring cfDNA levels and the activity and expression of DNase, circulating concentrations of monomeric globular action (G-actin), an inhibitor of DNase-1, and the actin scavenging proteins gelsolin (GSN) and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) were determined and values compared to a cohort of healthy controls. Results Significantly elevated concentrations of plasma cfDNA were seen in TBI, TBI+ and ECI patients at all study time points when compared to healthy controls. cfDNA levels were significantly higher at ≤1 hour post-injury in ECI patients who subsequently developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome when compared to those who did not. Plasma DNase-1 protein was significantly elevated in all patient groups at all sampling time points. In contrast, DNase enzyme activity was significantly reduced, with this impaired function evident in TBI+ patients within minutes of injury. Circulating concentrations of G-actin were elevated in all patient cohorts in the immediate aftermath of injury and this was accompanied by a significant reduction in the levels of GSN and VDBP. Conclusions The post-traumatic increase in circulating cfDNA that occurs following extracranial trauma and TBI is accompanied by reduced DNase activity. We propose that, secondary to reduced GSN and VDBP levels, elevated circulating concentrations of G-actin underlie the post-injury reduction in DNase activity. Reducing circulating cfDNA levels via therapeutic restoration of DNase-1 activity may improve clinical outcomes post-injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Hazeldine
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Heritage Building, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Dinsdale
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.,Scar Free Foundation Birmingham Centre for Burns Research, University Hospital Birmingham Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - David N Naumann
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Heritage Building, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TH, United Kingdom.,Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Animesh Acharjee
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Heritage Building, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TH, United Kingdom.,Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R B Bishop
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Heritage Building, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Janet M Lord
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Heritage Building, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TH, United Kingdom.,Scar Free Foundation Birmingham Centre for Burns Research, University Hospital Birmingham Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Harrison
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.,Scar Free Foundation Birmingham Centre for Burns Research, University Hospital Birmingham Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Delfino D, Mori G, Rivetti C, Grigoletto A, Bizzotto G, Cavozzi C, Malatesta M, Cavazzini D, Pasut G, Percudani R. Actin-Resistant DNase1L2 as a Potential Therapeutics for CF Lung Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030410. [PMID: 33802146 PMCID: PMC8002113 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), the accumulation of viscous lung secretions rich in DNA and actin is a major cause of chronic inflammation and recurrent infections leading to airway obstruction. Mucolytic therapy based on recombinant human DNase1 reduces CF mucus viscosity and promotes airway clearance. However, the marked susceptibility to actin inhibition of this enzyme prompts the research of alternative treatments that could overcome this limitation. Within the human DNase repertoire, DNase1L2 is ideally suited for this purpose because it exhibits metal-dependent endonuclease activity on plasmid DNA in a broad range of pH with acidic optimum and is minimally inhibited by actin. When tested on CF artificial mucus enriched with actin, submicromolar concentrations of DNase1L2 reduces mucus viscosity by 50% in a few seconds. Inspection of superimposed model structures of DNase1 and DNase1L2 highlights differences at the actin-binding interface that justify the increased resistance of DNase1L2 toward actin inhibition. Furthermore, a PEGylated form of the enzyme with preserved enzymatic activity was obtained, showing interesting results in terms of activity. This work represents an effort toward the exploitation of natural DNase variants as promising alternatives to DNase1 for the treatment of CF lung disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danila Delfino
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (D.D.); (C.C.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Giulia Mori
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (D.D.); (C.C.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (C.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Claudio Rivetti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (D.D.); (C.C.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (C.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Antonella Grigoletto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (A.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Gloria Bizzotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (A.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Cristian Cavozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (D.D.); (C.C.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Marco Malatesta
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (D.D.); (C.C.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Davide Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (D.D.); (C.C.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Gianfranco Pasut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (A.G.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (C.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Riccardo Percudani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (D.D.); (C.C.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (R.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bryzgunova OE, Konoshenko MY, Laktionov PP. Concentration of cell-free DNA in different tumor types. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 21:63-75. [PMID: 33270495 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1860021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) circulates in the blood for a long time. The levels of cfDNA in the blood are assayed in cancer diagnostics because they are closely related to the tumor burden of patients.Areas covered: cfDNA escapes the action of DNA-hydrolyzing enzymes, being a part of supramolecular complexes or interacting with the plasma membrane of blood cells. cfDNA has heterogeneous size and composition, which impose various restrictions on both isolation methods and subsequent analysis. cfDNA concentration and structural changes with the development of diseases highlight the high potential of cfDNA as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. The concentration of cfDNA released in the blood by tumor cells determines the specificity of such diagnostics and the required blood volume. The present review aimed to synthesize the available data on cfDNA concentration in the cancer patient's blood as well as pre-analytical, analytical, and biological factors, which interfere with cfDNA concentration.Expert opinion: The concentration of cfDNA and tumor cell DNA (ctDNA), and the over-presentation of DNA loci in cfDNA must be considered when looking for tumor markers. Some inconsistent data on cfDNA concentrations (like those obtained by different methods) suggest that the study of cfDNA should be continued.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O E Bryzgunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Meshalkin Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M Yu Konoshenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Meshalkin Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - P P Laktionov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Meshalkin Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rath PP, Gourinath S. The actin cytoskeleton orchestra in Entamoeba histolytica. Proteins 2020; 88:1361-1375. [PMID: 32506560 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Years of evolution have kept actin conserved throughout various clades of life. It is an essential protein starring in many cellular processes. In a primitive eukaryote named Entamoeba histolytica, actin directs the process of phagocytosis. A finely tuned coordination between various actin-binding proteins (ABPs) choreographs this process and forms one of the virulence factors for this protist pathogen. The ever-expanding world of ABPs always has space to accommodate new and varied types of proteins to the earlier existing repertoire. In this article, we report the identification of 390 ABPs from Entamoeba histolytica. These proteins are part of diverse families that have been known to regulate actin dynamics. Most of the proteins are primarily uncharacterized in this organism; however, this study aims to annotate the ABPs based on their domain arrangements. A unique characteristic about some of the ABPs found is the combination of domains present in them unlike any other reported till date. Calponin domain-containing proteins formed the largest group among all types with 38 proteins, followed by 29 proteins with the infamous BAR domain in them, and 23 proteins belonging to actin-related proteins. The other protein families had a lesser number of members. Presence of exclusive domain arrangements in these proteins could guide us to yet unknown actin regulatory mechanisms prevalent in nature. This article is the first step to unraveling them.
Collapse
|
25
|
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Recombinant Human Plasma Gelsolin in Patients Hospitalized for Nonsevere Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.00579-20. [PMID: 32690640 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00579-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There remains an unmet need to address the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP). Recombinant human plasma gelsolin (rhu-pGSN) improves disease outcomes in diverse animal models of infectious and noninfectious inflammation. This blinded dose-escalation safety study involved non-intensive care unit (ICU) patients admitted for mild CAP and randomized 3:1 to receive adjunctive rhu-pGSN or placebo intravenously. Thirty-three subjects were treated: 8 in the single-dose phase and 25 in the multidose phase. For the single-dose phase, rhu-pGSN at 6 mg/kg of body weight was administered once. For the multidose phase, a daily rhu-pGSN dose of 6, 12, or 24 mg/kg was given on 3 consecutive days. Adverse events (AEs) were generally mild in both treatment groups irrespective of dose. The only serious AE (SAE) in the single-dose phase was a non-drug-related pneumonia in a rhu-pGSN recipient who died after institution of comfort care. One single-dose placebo recipient had a drug-related AE (maculo-papular rash). In the multidose phase, there were 2 SAEs in 1 placebo recipient, including a fatal pulmonary embolism. In the 18 rhu-pGSN recipients in the multidose phase, there were no serious or drug-related AEs, and nausea and increased blood pressure were each reported in 2 patients. The median rhu-pGSN half-life exceeded 17 h with all dosing regimens, and supraphysiologic levels were maintained throughout the 24-h dosing interval in the 2 highest dosing arms. Rhu-pGSN was well tolerated overall in CAP patients admitted to non-ICU beds, justifying a larger proof-of-concept trial in an ICU population admitted with sCAP. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT03466073.).
Collapse
|
26
|
Xia Y, He J, Zhang H, Wang H, Tetz G, Maguire CA, Wang Y, Onuma A, Genkin D, Tetz V, Stepanov A, Terekhov S, Ukrainskaya V, Huang H, Tsung A. AAV-mediated gene transfer of DNase I in the liver of mice with colorectal cancer reduces liver metastasis and restores local innate and adaptive immune response. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:2920-2935. [PMID: 32813937 PMCID: PMC7607180 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver metastasis is the main cause of colorectal cancer (CRC)‐related death. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play important roles in CRC progression. Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) has been shown to alter NET function by cleaving DNA strands comprising the NET backbone. Moreover, DNase I displays high antimetastatic activity in multiple tumor models. To circumvent long‐term daily administrations of recombinant DNase I, we have developed an adeno‐associated virus (AAV) gene therapy vector to specifically express DNase I in the liver. In this study, we demonstrate AAV‐mediated DNase I liver gene transfer following a single intravenous injection suppresses the development of liver metastases in a mouse model of CRC liver metastasis. Increased levels of neutrophils and NET formation in tumors are associated with poor prognosis in many patients with advanced cancers. Neutrophil infiltration and NET formation were inhibited in tumor tissues with AAV‐DNase I treatment. This approach restored local immune responses at the tumor site by increasing the percentage of CD8+ T cells while keeping CD4+ T cells similar between AAV‐DNase I and AAV‐null treatments. Our data suggest that AAV‐mediated DNase I liver gene transfer is a safe and effective modality to inhibit metastasis and represents a novel therapeutic strategy for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Xia
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayi He
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongji Zhang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - George Tetz
- Human Microbiology Institute, New York, NY, USA.,CLS-Therapeutics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Casey A Maguire
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amblessed Onuma
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Victor Tetz
- Human Microbiology Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexey Stepanov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav Terekhov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria Ukrainskaya
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hai Huang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
DiNubile MJ, Levinson SL, Stossel TP, Lawrenz MB, Warawa JM. Recombinant Human Plasma Gelsolin Improves Survival and Attenuates Lung Injury in a Murine Model of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa236. [PMID: 32766380 PMCID: PMC7397834 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) is an abundant circulating protein quickly consumed by extensive tissue damage. Marked depletion is associated with later poor outcomes in diverse clinical circumstances. Repletion with recombinant human (rhu)-pGSN in animal models of inflammation lessens mortality and morbidity. Methods Neutropenic mice were treated with different meropenem doses ±12 mg of rhu-pGSN commencing 1 day before an intratracheal challenge with multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Survival, bacterial counts, and pulmonary pathology were compared between corresponding meropenem groups with and without rhu-pGSN. Results Overall survival was 35/64 (55%) and 46/64 (72%) in mice given meropenem without and with rhu-pGSN, respectively (Δ = 17%; 95% CI, 1-34). In control mice receiving meropenem 1250 mg/kg/d where the majority died, the addition of rhu-pGSN increased survival from 5/16 (31%) to 12/16 (75%) (Δ = 44%; 95% CI, 13-75). Survival with minor lung injury was found in 26/64 (41%) mice receiving only meropenem, vs 38/64 (59%) in mice given meropenem plus rhu-pGSN (Δ = 19%; 95% CI, 2-36). Conclusions In a series of dose-ranging experiments, both mortality and lung injury were reduced by the addition of rhu-pGSN to meropenem against carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa. Rhu-pGSN offers a novel candidate therapy for antibiotic-resistant pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthew B Lawrenz
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jonathan M Warawa
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Piantadosi CA. Mitochondrial DNA, oxidants, and innate immunity. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:455-461. [PMID: 31958498 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidant damage, including damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a feature of both severe microbial infections and inflammation arising from sterile (non-infectious) sources such as tissue trauma. Damaged mitochondria release intact or oxidized fragments of mtDNA into the cytoplasm, which represent oxidant injury, and the fragments promote a spontaneous innate immune response, exemplifying a modern frontier of immunological research. MtDNA and mitochondrial-derived oxidants are central factors in activating at least three innate immune pathways involving the TLR9 (Toll-like receptor 9), the NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein-3) inflammasome, and the cGAS (cyclic AMP-GMP synthase) pathway. The events that allow mtDNA to escape from damaged mitochondria and from damaged cells are incompletely known, but the presence of cytoplasmic mtDNA and cell-free mtDNA as immune regulators are important for understanding the cell's capacity for protecting mitochondrial quality control (MQC) and cell viability during inflammatory states.
Collapse
|
29
|
Dinsdale RJ, Hazeldine J, Al Tarrah K, Hampson P, Devi A, Ermogenous C, Bamford AL, Bishop J, Watts S, Kirkman E, Dalle Lucca JJ, Midwinter M, Woolley T, Foster M, Lord JM, Moiemen N, Harrison P. Dysregulation of the actin scavenging system and inhibition of DNase activity following severe thermal injury. Br J Surg 2019; 107:391-401. [PMID: 31502663 PMCID: PMC7079039 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) is not found in healthy subjects, but is readily detected after thermal injury and may contribute to the risk of multiple organ failure. The hypothesis was that a postburn reduction in DNase protein/enzyme activity could contribute to the increase in cfDNA following thermal injury. Methods Patients with severe burns covering at least 15 per cent of total body surface area were recruited to a prospective cohort study within 24 h of injury. Blood samples were collected from the day of injury for 12 months. Results Analysis of blood samples from 64 patients revealed a significant reduction in DNase activity on days 1–28 after injury, compared with healthy controls. DNase protein levels were not affected, suggesting the presence of an enzyme inhibitor. Further analysis revealed that actin (an inhibitor of DNase) was present in serum samples from patients but not those from controls, and concentrations of the actin scavenging proteins gelsolin and vitamin D‐binding protein were significantly reduced after burn injury. In a pilot study of ten military patients with polytrauma, administration of blood products resulted in an increase in DNase activity and gelsolin levels. Conclusion The results of this study suggest a novel biological mechanism for the accumulation of cfDNA following thermal injury by which high levels of actin released by damaged tissue cause a reduction in DNase activity. Restoration of the actin scavenging system could therefore restore DNase activity, and reduce the risk of cfDNA‐induced host tissue damage and thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J Dinsdale
- Scar Free Foundation, Birmingham Centre for Burns Research, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Hazeldine
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - K Al Tarrah
- Scar Free Foundation, Birmingham Centre for Burns Research, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P Hampson
- Scar Free Foundation, Birmingham Centre for Burns Research, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Devi
- Scar Free Foundation, Birmingham Centre for Burns Research, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Ermogenous
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - A L Bamford
- Scar Free Foundation, Birmingham Centre for Burns Research, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Bishop
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Watts
- Chemical, Biological and Radiological (CBR) Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - E Kirkman
- Chemical, Biological and Radiological (CBR) Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - J J Dalle Lucca
- Translational Medical Division, Department of Chemical and Biological Technologies, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, USA
| | - M Midwinter
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - T Woolley
- ICT Centre, Birmingham Research Park, Birmingham, UK.,Chemical, Biological and Radiological (CBR) Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - M Foster
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - J M Lord
- Scar Free Foundation, Birmingham Centre for Burns Research, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - N Moiemen
- Scar Free Foundation, Birmingham Centre for Burns Research, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P Harrison
- Scar Free Foundation, Birmingham Centre for Burns Research, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sharma P, Garg N, Sharma A, Capalash N, Singh R. Nucleases of bacterial pathogens as virulence factors, therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers. Int J Med Microbiol 2019; 309:151354. [PMID: 31495663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2019.151354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
New frontiers of therapy are being explored against the upcoming bacterial diseases rendered untreatable due to multiple, extreme and pan- antibiotic resistance. Nucleases are ubiquitous in bacterial pathogens performing various functions like acquiring nucleotide nutrients, allowing or preventing uptake of foreign DNA, controlling biofilm formation/dispersal/architecture, invading host by tissue damage, evading immune defence by degrading DNA matrix of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and immunomodulating the host immune response. Secretory nucleases also provide means of survival to other bacteria like iron-reducing Shewanella and such functions help them adapt and survive proficiently. Other than their pro-pathogen roles in survival, nucleases can be used directly as therapeutics. One of the powerful armours of pathogens is the formation of biofilms, thus helping them resist and persist in the harshest of environments. As eDNA forms the structural and binding component of biofilm, nucleases can be used against the adhering component, thus increasing the permeability of antimicrobial agents. Nucleases have recently become a model system of intense study for their biological functions and medical applications in diagnosis, immunoprophylaxis and therapy. Rational implications of these enzymes can impact human medicine positively in future by opening new ways for therapeutics which have otherwise reached saturation due to multi drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prince Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Nisha Garg
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anshul Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neena Capalash
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ye Z, Ander BP, Sharp FR, Zhan X. Cleaved β-Actin May Contribute to DNA Fragmentation Following Very Brief Focal Cerebral Ischemia. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 77:260-265. [PMID: 29408985 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated caspase independent DNA fragmentation after very brief cerebral ischemia, the mechanism of which was unclear. In this study, we explore whether actin is cleaved following focal cerebral ischemia, and whether these structural changes of actin might modulate DNA fragmentation observed following focal ischemia. Results showed that a cleaved β-actin fragment was identified in brains of rats 24 hours following 10-minute and 2-hour focal ischemia. Though granzyme B and caspase-3 cleaved β-actin in vitro, the fragment size of β-actin cleaved by granzyme B was the same as those found after 10-minute and 2-hour focal ischemia. This was consistent with increases of granzyme B activity after 10-minute and 2-hour ischemia compared with controls. Cerebral extracts from 10-minute and 2-hour ischemic brains degraded DNA in vitro. Adding intact β-actin to these samples completely abolished DNA degradation from the 10-minute ischemia group but not from the 2-hour ischemia group. We concluded that β-actin is likely cleaved by granzyme B by 24 hours following 10-minute and 2-hour focal cerebral ischemia. Intact β-actin inhibits DNase, and cleavage of β-actin activates DNase, which leads to DNA fragmentation observed in the brain following very brief focal ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouheng Ye
- Department of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California.,Department of Aerospace and Diving, Nautical and Aviation Medical Center, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bradley P Ander
- Department of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Frank R Sharp
- Department of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- Department of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Human deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) is an endonuclease that catalyzes the hydrolysis of extracellular DNA and is just one of the numerous types of nucleases found in nature. The enzymatic mechanism for a single turnover is reasonably well understood based on biochemical and structural studies that are consistent with divalent metal ion dependent nonspecific nicking of a phosphodiester bond in one of the strands of double stranded DNA. Recombinant human DNase I (rhDNase I, rhDNase, Pulmozyme®, dornase alfa) has been expressed in mammalian cell culture in Chinese hamster ovary cells and developed clinically where it is aerosolized into the airways for treatment of pulmonary disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). rhDNase I hydrolyzes the DNA in purulent sputum of CF patients and reduces sputum viscoelasticity. Reduction of high molecular weight DNA into smaller fragments by treatment with aerosolized rhDNase I has been proposed as the mechanism to reduce the mucus viscosity and improve mucus clearability from obstructed airways in patients. The improved clearance of the purulent mucus enhances pulmonary function and reduces recurrent exacerbations of respiratory symptoms. rhDNase I was approved for clinical use in 1993 and has been widely used as a safe and effective therapy for CF patients. The use of rhDNase I has also been investigated in other diseases where exogenous DNA has been implicated in the disease pathology.
Collapse
|
33
|
GÜVELİ Ş. Inhibition of DNase I Enzyme with Nickel(II) Triphenylphosphine Complexes Incorporating Tridentate Schiff Base Ligands in Vitro. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.472530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
34
|
Impact of PEGylation on the mucolytic activity of recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I in cystic fibrosis sputum. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1439-1452. [PMID: 29871879 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Highly viscous mucus and its impaired clearance characterize the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Pulmonary secretions of patients with CF display increased concentrations of high molecular weight components such as DNA and actin. Recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I (rhDNase) delivered by inhalation cleaves DNA filaments contained in respiratory secretions and thins them. However, rapid clearance of rhDNase from the lungs implies a daily administration and thereby a high therapy burden and a reduced patient compliance. A PEGylated version of rhDNase could sustain the presence of the protein within the lungs and reduce its administration frequency. Here, we evaluated the enzymatic activity of rhDNase conjugated to a two-arm 40 kDa polyethylene glycol (PEG40) in CF sputa. Rheology data indicated that both rhDNase and PEG40-rhDNase presented similar mucolytic activity in CF sputa, independently of the purulence of the sputum samples as well as of their DNA, actin and ions contents. The macroscopic appearance of the samples correlated with the DNA content of the sputa: the more purulent the sample, the higher the DNA concentration. Finally, quantification of the enzymes in CF sputa following rheology measurement suggests that PEGylation largely increases the stability of rhDNase in CF respiratory secretions, since 24-fold more PEG40-rhDNase than rhDNase was recovered from the samples. The present results are considered positive and provide support to the continuation of the research on a long acting version of rhDNase to treat CF lung disease.
Collapse
|
35
|
Manich M, Hernandez-Cuevas N, Ospina-Villa JD, Syan S, Marchat LA, Olivo-Marin JC, Guillén N. Morphodynamics of the Actin-Rich Cytoskeleton in Entamoeba histolytica. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:179. [PMID: 29896453 PMCID: PMC5986921 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is the anaerobic protozoan parasite responsible for human amoebiasis, the third most deadly parasitic disease worldwide. This highly motile eukaryotic cell invades human tissues and constitutes an excellent experimental model of cell motility and cell shape deformation. The absence of extranuclear microtubules in Entamoeba histolytica means that the actin-rich cytoskeleton takes on a crucial role in not only amoebic motility but also other processes sustaining pathogenesis, such as the phagocytosis of human cells and the parasite's resistance of host immune responses. Actin is highly conserved among eukaryotes, although diverse isoforms exist in almost all organisms studied to date. However, E. histolytica has a single actin protein, the structure of which differs significantly from those of its human homologs. Here, we studied the expression, structure and dynamics of actin in E. histolytica. We used molecular and cellular approaches to evaluate actin gene expression during intestinal invasion by E. histolytica trophozoites. Based on a three-dimensional structural bioinformatics analysis, we characterized protein domains differences between amoebic actin and human actin. Fine-tuned molecular dynamics simulations enabled us to examine protein motion and refine the three-dimensional structures of both actins, including elements potentially accounting for differences changes in the affinity properties of amoebic actin and deoxyribonuclease I. The dynamic, multifunctional nature of the amoebic cytoskeleton prompted us to examine the pleiotropic forms of actin structures within live E. histolytica cells; we observed the cortical cytoskeleton, stress fibers, "dot-like" structures, adhesion plates, and macropinosomes. In line with these data, a proteomics study of actin-binding proteins highlighted the Arp2/3 protein complex as a crucial element for the development of macropinosomes and adhesion plaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manich
- BioImaging Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Cell Biology of Parasitism Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Juan D Ospina-Villa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sylvie Syan
- Cell Biology of Parasitism Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laurence A Marchat
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Nancy Guillén
- Cell Biology of Parasitism Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS-ERL9195, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Song Q, Yang L, Chen H, Zhang R, Na N, Ouyang J. A label-free fluorometric assay for actin detection based on enzyme-responsive DNA-templated copper nanoparticles. Talanta 2017; 174:444-447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
37
|
Fern J, Schulman R. Design and Characterization of DNA Strand-Displacement Circuits in Serum-Supplemented Cell Medium. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:1774-1783. [PMID: 28558208 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The functional stability and lifetimes of synthetic molecular circuits in biological environments are important for long-term, stable sensors or controllers of cell or tissue behavior. DNA-based molecular circuits, in particular DNA strand-displacement circuits, provide simple and effective biocompatible control mechanisms and sensors, but are vulnerable to digestion by nucleases present in living tissues and serum-supplemented cell culture. The stability of double-stranded and single-stranded DNA circuit components in serum-supplemented cell medium and the corresponding effect of nuclease-mediated degradation on circuit performance were characterized to determine the major routes of degradation and DNA strand-displacement circuit failure. Simple circuit design choices, such as the use of 5' toeholds within the DNA complexes used as reactants in the strand-displacement reactions and the termination of single-stranded components with DNA hairpin domains at the 3' termini, significantly increase the functional lifetime of the circuit components in the presence of nucleases. Simulations of multireaction circuits, guided by the experimentally measured operation of single-reaction circuits, enable predictive realization of multilayer and competitive-reaction circuit behavior. Together, these results provide a basic route to increased DNA circuit stability in cell culture environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Fern
- Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Rebecca Schulman
- Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Computer
Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lam C, Santell L, Wilson B, Yim M, Louie S, Tang D, Shaw D, Chan P, Lazarus RA, Snedecor B, Misaghi S. Taming hyperactive hDNase I: Stable inducible expression of a hyperactive salt- and actin-resistant variant of human deoxyribonuclease I in CHO cells. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:523-533. [PMID: 28127892 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While the most common causes of clonal instability are DNA copy number loss and silencing, toxicity of the expressed protein(s) may also induce clonal instability. Human DNase I (hDNase I) is used therapeutically for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) and may have potential benefit for use in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). hDNase I is an endonuclease that catalyzes degradation of extracellular DNA and is inhibited by both salt and G-actin. Engineered versions of hDNase I, bearing multiple point mutations, which renders them Hyperactive, Salt- and Actin-Resistant (HSAR-hDNase I) have been developed previously. However, constitutive expression of HSAR-hDNase I enzymes has been very challenging and, despite considerable efforts and screening thousands of clones, no stable clone capable of constitutive expression had been obtained. Here, we developed a regulated expression system for stable expression of an HSAR-hDNase I in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. The HSAR-hDNase I clones were stable and, upon induction, expressed enzymatically functional protein. Our findings suggest that degradation of host's DNA mediated by HSAR-hDNase I during cell division is the likely cause of clonal instability observed in cells constitutively expressing this protein. Purified HSAR-hDNase I was both hyperactive and resistant to inhibition by salt and G-actin, resulting in an enzyme having ca. 10-fold greater specific activity and the potential to be a superior therapeutic agent to wild type (WT) hDNase I. Furthermore, the ability to regulate hDNase I expression has enabled process development improvements that achieve higher cell growth and product titers while maintaining product quality. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:523-533, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Lam
- Early Stage Cell Culture, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - Lydia Santell
- Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - Blair Wilson
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology Dept., Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - Mandy Yim
- Early Stage Cell Culture, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - Salina Louie
- Early Stage Cell Culture, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - Danming Tang
- Early Stage Cell Culture, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - David Shaw
- Early Stage Cell Culture, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - Pamela Chan
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology Dept., Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - Robert A Lazarus
- Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - Brad Snedecor
- Early Stage Cell Culture, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - Shahram Misaghi
- Early Stage Cell Culture, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dayan A. Pharmacological-Toxicological (Expert Report on Recombinant Human Deoxyribonuclease I (rhDNase; Pulmozyme™). Hum Exp Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/096032719401300101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
40
|
Kolarević A, Kocić G, Yancheva D, Šmelcerović A. IN SILICO PHARMACOKINETIC AND TOXICOLOGICAL STUDY OF DNASE INHIBITORS. ACTA MEDICA MEDIANAE 2016. [DOI: 10.5633/amm.2016.0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
41
|
Leffler J, Prohászka Z, Mikes B, Sinkovits G, Ciacma K, Farkas P, Réti M, Kelen K, Reusz GS, Szabó AJ, Martin M, Blom AM. Decreased Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Degradation in Shiga Toxin-Associated Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome. J Innate Immun 2016; 9:12-21. [PMID: 27784011 DOI: 10.1159/000450609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can stimulate thrombosis, and their degradation is decreased in several autoimmune disorders. It was recently reported that some patients with haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) also fail to degrade NETs and that neutrophils from Shiga toxin-associated HUS are primed to form NETs. METHOD We used a well-characterized cohort of 74 thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) patients, with a subset also providing follow-up samples, and 112 age-matched controls to investigate NET degradation and serum nuclease activity in TMA before, during and after treatment. RESULTS We identified that in the cohort of TMA patients, 50% of patients with Shiga toxin-associated HUS displayed a decreased ability to degrade NETs. NET degradation correlated with serum nuclease activity, but not with autoantibodies against double-stranded DNA, which has been previously observed in some autoimmune disorders. Further, NET degradation negatively correlated with serum creatinine levels, suggesting that kidney function was negatively impacted by the low NET degradation ability. CONCLUSIONS We revealed that decreased NET degradation is a common feature of Shiga toxin-associated HUS and that it is associated with decreased kidney function in these patients. It remains to be clarified whether improving NET degradation would be beneficial for the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Leffler
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Skiljevic D, Bonaci-Nikolic B, Brasanac D, Nikolic M. Apoptosis of keratinocytes and serum DNase I activity in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus: relationship with clinical and immunoserological parameters. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 31:523-529. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Skiljevic
- Department of Dermatovenereology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - B. Bonaci-Nikolic
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - D. Brasanac
- Department of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - M. Nikolic
- Department of Dermatovenereology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Noges LE, White J, Cambier JC, Kappler JW, Marrack P. Contamination of DNase Preparations Confounds Analysis of the Role of DNA in Alum-Adjuvanted Vaccines. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 197:1221-30. [PMID: 27357147 PMCID: PMC4974487 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum salt (alum) adjuvants have been used for many years as adjuvants for human vaccines because they are safe and effective. Despite its widespread use, the means by which alum acts as an adjuvant remains poorly understood. Recently, it was shown that injected alum is rapidly coated with host chromatin within mice. Experiments suggested that the host DNA in the coating chromatin contributed to alum's adjuvant activity. Some of the experiments used commercially purchased DNase and showed that coinjection of these DNase preparations with alum and Ag reduced the host's immune response to the vaccine. In this study, we report that some commercial DNase preparations are contaminated with proteases. These proteases are responsible for most of the ability of DNase preparations to inhibit alum's adjuvant activity. Nevertheless, DNase somewhat reduces responses to some Ags with alum. The effect of DNase is independent of its ability to cleave DNA, suggesting that alum improves CD4 responses to Ag via a pathway other than host DNA sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Noges
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045; and
| | - Janice White
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - John C Cambier
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045; and
| | - John W Kappler
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Philippa Marrack
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tran TM, MacIntyre A, Hawes M, Allen C. Escaping Underground Nets: Extracellular DNases Degrade Plant Extracellular Traps and Contribute to Virulence of the Plant Pathogenic Bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005686. [PMID: 27336156 PMCID: PMC4919084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant root border cells have been recently recognized as an important physical defense against soil-borne pathogens. Root border cells produce an extracellular matrix of protein, polysaccharide and DNA that functions like animal neutrophil extracellular traps to immobilize pathogens. Exposing pea root border cells to the root-infecting bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum triggered release of DNA-containing extracellular traps in a flagellin-dependent manner. These traps rapidly immobilized the pathogen and killed some cells, but most of the entangled bacteria eventually escaped. The R. solanacearum genome encodes two putative extracellular DNases (exDNases) that are expressed during pathogenesis, suggesting that these exDNases contribute to bacterial virulence by enabling the bacterium to degrade and escape root border cell traps. We tested this hypothesis with R. solanacearum deletion mutants lacking one or both of these nucleases, named NucA and NucB. Functional studies with purified proteins revealed that NucA and NucB are non-specific endonucleases and that NucA is membrane-associated and cation-dependent. Single ΔnucA and ΔnucB mutants and the ΔnucA/B double mutant all had reduced virulence on wilt-susceptible tomato plants in a naturalistic soil-soak inoculation assay. The ΔnucA/B mutant was out-competed by the wild-type strain in planta and was less able to stunt root growth or colonize plant stems. Further, the double nuclease mutant could not escape from root border cells in vitro and was defective in attachment to pea roots. Taken together, these results demonstrate that extracellular DNases are novel virulence factors that help R. solanacearum successfully overcome plant defenses to infect plant roots and cause bacterial wilt disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Minh Tran
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - April MacIntyre
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Martha Hawes
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Caitilyn Allen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tran TM, MacIntyre A, Hawes M, Allen C. Escaping Underground Nets: Extracellular DNases Degrade Plant Extracellular Traps and Contribute to Virulence of the Plant Pathogenic Bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005686. [PMID: 27336156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.10056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant root border cells have been recently recognized as an important physical defense against soil-borne pathogens. Root border cells produce an extracellular matrix of protein, polysaccharide and DNA that functions like animal neutrophil extracellular traps to immobilize pathogens. Exposing pea root border cells to the root-infecting bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum triggered release of DNA-containing extracellular traps in a flagellin-dependent manner. These traps rapidly immobilized the pathogen and killed some cells, but most of the entangled bacteria eventually escaped. The R. solanacearum genome encodes two putative extracellular DNases (exDNases) that are expressed during pathogenesis, suggesting that these exDNases contribute to bacterial virulence by enabling the bacterium to degrade and escape root border cell traps. We tested this hypothesis with R. solanacearum deletion mutants lacking one or both of these nucleases, named NucA and NucB. Functional studies with purified proteins revealed that NucA and NucB are non-specific endonucleases and that NucA is membrane-associated and cation-dependent. Single ΔnucA and ΔnucB mutants and the ΔnucA/B double mutant all had reduced virulence on wilt-susceptible tomato plants in a naturalistic soil-soak inoculation assay. The ΔnucA/B mutant was out-competed by the wild-type strain in planta and was less able to stunt root growth or colonize plant stems. Further, the double nuclease mutant could not escape from root border cells in vitro and was defective in attachment to pea roots. Taken together, these results demonstrate that extracellular DNases are novel virulence factors that help R. solanacearum successfully overcome plant defenses to infect plant roots and cause bacterial wilt disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Minh Tran
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - April MacIntyre
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Martha Hawes
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Caitilyn Allen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Delvaux E, Mastroeni D, Nolz J, Coleman PD. Novel method to ascertain chromatin accessibility at specific genomic loci from frozen brain homogenates and laser capture microdissected defined cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:1-9. [PMID: 27158594 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepig.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel method for assessing the "open" or "closed" state of chromatin at selected locations within the genome. This method combines the use of Benzonase, which can digest DNA in the presence of actin, with qPCR to define digested regions. We demonstrate the application of this method in brain homogenates and laser captured cells. We also demonstrate application to selected sites within more than one gene and multiple sites within one gene. We demonstrate the validity of the method by treating cells with valproate, known to render chromatin more permissive, and by comparison with classical digestion with DNase I in an in vitro preparation. Although we demonstrate the use of this method in brain tissue we also recognize its applicability to other tissue types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Delvaux
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; L.J. Roberts Center for Alzheimer's Research, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 W Santa Fe Dr, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
| | - Diego Mastroeni
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; L.J. Roberts Center for Alzheimer's Research, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 W Santa Fe Dr, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Nolz
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; L.J. Roberts Center for Alzheimer's Research, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 W Santa Fe Dr, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
| | - Paul D Coleman
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; L.J. Roberts Center for Alzheimer's Research, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 W Santa Fe Dr, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yeh YL, Hu WS, Ting WJ, Shen CY, Hsu HH, Chung LC, Tu CC, Chang SH, Day CH, Tsai Y, Huang CY. Hypoxia Augments Increased HIF-1α and Reduced Survival Protein p-Akt in Gelsolin (GSN)-Dependent Cardiomyoblast Cell Apoptosis. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 74:221-8. [PMID: 27193608 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeleton filaments play an important role in cellular functions such as maintaining cell shape, cell motility, intracellular transport, and cell division. Actin-binding proteins (ABPs) have numerous functions including regulation of actin filament nucleation, elongation, severing, capping, cross linking, and actin monomer sequestration. Gelsolin (GSN) is one of the actin-binding proteins. Gelsolin (GSN) is one of the actin-binding proteins that regulate cell morphology, differentiation, movement, and apoptosis. GSN also regulates cell morphology, differentiation, movement, and apoptosis. In this study, we have used H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell and H9c2-GSN stable clones to understand the roles and mechanisms of GSN overexpression in hypoxia-induced cardiomyoblast cell death. The data show that hypoxia or GSN overexpression induces HIF-1α expression and reduces the expression of survival markers p-Akt and Bcl-2 in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. Under hypoxic conditions, GSN overexpression further reduces p-Akt expression and elevates total as well as cleaved GSN levels and HIF-1α levels. In addition, GSN overexpression enhances apoptosis in cardiomyoblasts under hypoxia. Hypoxic challenge further induced activated caspase-3 and cell death that was attenuated after GSN knock down, which implies that GSN is a critical therapeutic target against hypoxia-induced cardiomyoblast cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Jen Ting
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road 404, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Yao Shen
- Department of Nursing, MeiHo University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Hsu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chin Chung
- Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan County, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chou Tu
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Force Taichung General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Huang Chang
- Department of Health, Tsao-Tun Psychiatric Center, Executive Yuan, Nantou, 54249, Taiwan
| | | | - Yuhsin Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road 404, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang Y, Ying JY. Homogeneous Immunochemical Assay on the Lateral Flow Strip for Measurement of DNase I Activity. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10193-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31
Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Jackie Y. Ying
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31
Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Leffler J, Ciacma K, Gullstrand B, Bengtsson AA, Martin M, Blom AM. A subset of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus fails to degrade DNA from multiple clinically relevant sources. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:205. [PMID: 26268365 PMCID: PMC4535789 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a decreased ability to clear cell remnants and multiple deficiencies in the ability to degrade cellular chromatin have been linked to the disease. Since the discovery of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a renewed interest has been sparked in this field of research with multiple studies reporting a decreased ability of patients with SLE to degrade NETs. In this study we extend these findings by investigating the ability of patients with SLE to degrade chromatin from multiple clinically relevant sources. Methods We use flow cytometry in combination with NET degradation and DNA zymogram assays to investigate the ability of sera from SLE patients to degrade chromatin from three different sources of DNA such as NETs, apoptotic and necrotic cells. This ability was further associated with clinical manifestations. Results We found that 61 % of the patients had an affected degradation of at least one chromatin source. Further, degradation of NETs correlated with degradation of chromatin from secondary necrotic cells but not with degradation of chromatin from primary necrotic cells. Patients who fail to degrade several forms of DNA more often display anti-nuclear and nephritic involvement whereas this is not observed in patients with decreased ability to degrade chromatin from primary necrotic cells. Conclusions The majority of patients with SLE has a decreased ability to degrade chromatin from clinically relevant sources. This decreased ability is further reflected in their clinical presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Leffler
- Lund University, Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 53 floor 4, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden. .,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, WA6008, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Katarzyna Ciacma
- Lund University, Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 53 floor 4, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Birgitta Gullstrand
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital Lund, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Anders A Bengtsson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital Lund, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Myriam Martin
- Lund University, Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 53 floor 4, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Anna M Blom
- Lund University, Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 53 floor 4, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Impaired degradation and aberrant phagocytosis of necrotic cell debris in the peripheral blood of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. J Autoimmun 2015; 56:12-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|