1
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Lambert T, Gramlich M, Stutzke L, Smith L, Deng D, Kaiser PD, Rothbauer U, Benesch JLP, Wagner C, Koenig M, Pompach P, Novak P, Zeck A, Rand KD. Development of a PNGase Rc Column for Online Deglycosylation of Complex Glycoproteins during HDX-MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2556-2566. [PMID: 37756257 PMCID: PMC10623573 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is one of the most common PTMs and many cell surface receptors, extracellular proteins, and biopharmaceuticals are glycosylated. However, HDX-MS analysis of such important glycoproteins has so far been limited by difficulties in determining the HDX of the protein segments that contain glycans. We have developed a column containing immobilized PNGase Rc (from Rudaea cellulosilytica) that can readily be implemented into a conventional HDX-MS setup to allow improved analysis of glycoproteins. We show that HDX-MS with the PNGase Rc column enables efficient online removal of N-linked glycans and the determination of the HDX of glycosylated regions in several complex glycoproteins. Additionally, we use the PNGase Rc column to perform a comprehensive HDX-MS mapping of the binding epitope of a mAb to c-Met, a complex glycoprotein drug target. Importantly, the column retains high activity in the presence of common quench-buffer additives like TCEP and urea and performed consistent across 114 days of extensive use. Overall, our work shows that HDX-MS with the integrated PNGase Rc column can enable fast and efficient online deglycosylation at harsh quench conditions to provide comprehensive analysis of complex glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lambert
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marius Gramlich
- NMI
Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Luisa Stutzke
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luke Smith
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QZ Oxford, England
| | - Dingyu Deng
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philipp D. Kaiser
- NMI
Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- NMI
Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Justin L. P. Benesch
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QZ Oxford, England
| | - Cornelia Wagner
- Roche
Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Maximiliane Koenig
- Roche
Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Petr Pompach
- BioCev,
Institute of Biotechnology of the CAS, 252 50 Prumyslova, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Novak
- BioCeV,
Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, 142 20 Prumyslova, Czech Republic
| | - Anne Zeck
- NMI
Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Kasper D. Rand
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Zavialova M, Kamaeva D, Kazieva L, Skvortsov VS, Smirnova L. Some structural features of the peptide profile of myelin basic protein-hydrolyzing antibodies in schizophrenic patients. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15584. [PMID: 37431466 PMCID: PMC10329820 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibodies of schizophrenic patients that hydrolyze myelin basic protein (MBP) have been actively studied recently, but the mechanism of the catalytic properties of immunoglobulin molecules remains unknown. Determination of specific immunoglobulin sequences associated with the high activity of MBP proteolysis will help to understand the mechanisms of abzyme catalysis. In the course of comparative mass spectrometric analysis of IgG peptides from the blood serum of patients with acute schizophrenia and healthy people, 12 sequences were identified, which were found only in antibodies that hydrolyze MBP. These sequences belong to IgG heavy chains and κ- and λ-type light chains, with eight of them belonging to variable domains. The content of peptides from the variable regions of the light chains does not correlate with the proteolytic activity of IgG to MBP in patients with schizophrenia, whereas for two sequences from the variable regions of the heavy chains (FQ(+0.98)GWVTMTR and *LYLQMN(+0.98)SLR), an increase in activity with increasing their concentration. The results suggest that these sequences may be involved in one way or another in MBP hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daria Kamaeva
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | | | - Liudmila Smirnova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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3
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Konno T, Martinez EE, Ji J, Miranda-Ribera A, Fiorentino MR, Fasano A. Human coagulation factor X and CD5 antigen-like are potential new members of the zonulin family proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 638:127-133. [PMID: 36446155 PMCID: PMC9797450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Zonulin is a physiologic epithelial and endothelial permeability modulator. Zonulin increases antigen trafficking from the gut lumen into the bloodstream and in between body compartments, a mechanism linked to many chronic inflammatory diseases. Upon its initial discovery, it was noted that zonulin was not a single protein, but rather a family of structurally and functionally related proteins referred to as the zonulin family proteins (ZFPs). ZFPs are members of the mannose associated serine proteases (MASP) family and are the result of high mutation rates leading to many zonulin polymorphisms. Pre-haptoglobin 2, the precursor of haptoglobin 2, was identified as the first eukaryotic member of the ZFPs, and properdin, a key positive regulator of the alternative pathway, as a second member. In this study, we report two additional proteins that are likely ZFPs. Human coagulation factor X (FX) and CD5 antigen-like (CD5L). Both FX and CD5L recombinant proteins were detected by anti-zonulin antibody in Western immunoblot analysis, and both proteins decreased epithelial barrier competency of Caco-2 cell monolayers as established by the Trans Epithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) assay. These results indicate that FX and CD5L have structural and functional similarities with previously identified ZFPs and, therefore, can be considered new members of this family of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Konno
- Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Enid E Martinez
- Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Alba Miranda-Ribera
- Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria R Fiorentino
- Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital-East, 16th Street, Building 114 (M/S 114-3503), Charlestown, MA, 02114-4404, USA.
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4
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Naryzhny S, Legina O. Zonulin — regulation of tight contacts in the brain and intestine — facts and hypotheses. BIOMEDITSINSKAYA KHIMIYA 2022; 68:309-320. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226805309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the interrelationship between the brain and the gut has become an area of high scientific interest. The intestine is responsible not only for digestion, as it contains millions of neurons, its own immune system, and affects the emotional and cognitive processes. The relationship between the gut and the brain suggests that the processes carried out by the gut microbiota play a significant role in the regulation of brain function, and vice versa. A special role here is played by intercellular tight junctions (TJ), where the zonulin protein holds an important place. Zonulin, an unprocessed precursor of mature haptoglobin, is the only physiological modulator of intercellular TJ that can reversibly regulate the permeability of the intestinal (IB) and blood-brain (BBB) barriers in the human body. BBB disruption and altered microbiota composition are associated with many diseases, including neurological disorders and neuroinflammation. That is, there is a gut-brain axis (GBA) — a communication system through which the brain modulates the functions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and vice versa. GBA is based on neuronal, endocrine, and immunological mechanisms that are interconnected at the organismal, organ, cellular, and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.N. Naryzhny
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics B.P. Konstantinova National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Gatchina, Russia
| | - O.K. Legina
- Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics B.P. Konstantinova National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Gatchina, Russia
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5
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Jian C, Kanerva S, Qadri S, Yki-Järvinen H, Salonen A. In vitro Effects of Bacterial Exposure on Secretion of Zonulin Family Peptides and Their Detection in Human Tissue Samples. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:848128. [PMID: 35495638 PMCID: PMC9048042 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.848128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercially available ELISAs for zonulin (pre-haptoglobin 2), a protein with tight junction regulatory activity in the epithelia, were recently shown to recognize other proteins that are structurally and functionally related to zonulin, termed zonulin family peptides (ZFPs). With little or no information about the identity and property of ZFPs, various commercial zonulin ELISA kits are widely utilized in research as a marker of intestinal permeability. Bacterial exposure is a known trigger for the secretion of zonulin, but it remains unclear whether distinct bacteria differ in their capability to stimulate zonulin secretion. We hypothesized that ZFPs are similar to zonulin regarding response to bacterial exposure and aimed to compare the effects of non-pathogenic, Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli RY13 and E. coli K12 DH5α) and probiotic, Gram-positive bacteria (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium bifidum) on ZFP secretion in an in vitro model. Additionally, utilizing samples from human clinical trials, we correlated circulating levels of ZFPs to the gut bacteria and determined the presence of ZFPs in various human tissues. Unexpectedly, we found that the ZFPs quantified by the widely used IDK® Zonulin ELISA kits are specifically triggered by the exposure to live Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in HT-29 cells, associated with absolute abundances of intestinal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in adults, and are copious in the small intestine but undetectable in the liver or adipose tissue. These characteristics appear to be different from zonulin and highlight the need for further characterization of ZFPs recognized by commercially available and widely used “zonulin” ELISAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Jian
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Ching Jian,
| | - Sonja Kanerva
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sami Qadri
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Anne Salonen,
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6
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Naryzny SN, Legina OK. Haptoglobin as a Biomarker. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) SUPPLEMENT. SERIES B, BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 15:184-198. [PMID: 34422226 PMCID: PMC8365284 DOI: 10.1134/s1990750821030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp) is a glycoprotein that binds free hemoglobin (Hb) in plasma and plays a critical role in tissue protection and prevention of oxidative damage. Besides, it has some regulatory functions. Haptoglobin is an acute-phase protein, its concentration in plasma changes in pathology, and the test for its concentration is part of normal clinical practice. Haptoglobin is a conservative protein synthesized mainly in the liver and lungs and is the subject of research as a potential biomarker of many diseases, including various forms of malignant neoplasms. Haptoglobin has several unique biophysical characteristics. The human Нр gene is polymorphic, has three structural alleles that control the synthesis of three major phenotypes of haptoglobin: homozygous Нр1-1 and Нр2-2, and heterozygous Нр2-1, determined by a combination of allelic variants that are inherited. Numerous studies indicate that the phenotype of haptoglobin can be used to judge the individual predisposition of a person to various diseases. In addition, Hp undergoes various post-translational modifications (PTMs). These are structural transformations (removal of the signal peptide, cutting off the Pre-Hp precursor molecule into two subunits, α and β, limited proteolysis of α-chains, formation of disulfide bonds, multimerization), as well as chemical modifications of α-chains and glycosylation of the β-chain. Glycosylation of the β-chain of haptoglobin at four Asn sites is the most important variable PTM that regulates the structure and function of the glycoprotein. The study of modified oligosaccharides of the β-chain of Hp has become the main direction in the study of pathological processes, including malignant neoplasms. These characteristics indicate the possibility of the existence of Hp in the form of a multitude of proteoforms, probably performing different functions. This review is devoted to the description of the structural and functional diversity and the potential use of Hp as a biomarker of various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. N. Naryzny
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, ul. Pogodinskaya 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia
- St-Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI) NRC Kurchatov Institute, Orlova Roshcha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Leningrad oblast Russia
| | - O. K. Legina
- St-Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI) NRC Kurchatov Institute, Orlova Roshcha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Leningrad oblast Russia
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7
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Jeong S, Kim U, Oh M, Nam J, Park S, Choi Y, Lee D, Kim J, An H. Detection of Aberrant Glycosylation of Serum Haptoglobin for Gastric Cancer Diagnosis Using a Middle-Up-Down Glycoproteome Platform. J Pers Med 2021; 11:575. [PMID: 34207451 PMCID: PMC8235735 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a frequently occurring cancer and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Recent studies have shown that aberrant glycosylation of serum haptoglobin is closely related to gastric cancer and has enormous potential for use in diagnosis. However, there is no platform with high reliability and high reproducibility to comprehensively analyze haptoglobin glycosylation covering microheterogeneity to macroheterogeneity for clinical applications. In this study, we developed a middle-up-down glycoproteome platform for fast and accurate monitoring of haptoglobin glycosylation. This platform utilizes an online purification of LC for sample desalting, and an in silico haptoglobin glycopeptide library constructed by combining peptides and N-glycans to readily identify glycopeptides. In addition, site-specific glycosylation with glycan heterogeneity can be obtained through only a single MS analysis. Haptoglobin glycosylation in clinical samples consisting of healthy controls (n = 47) and gastric cancer patients (n = 43) was extensively investigated using three groups of tryptic glycopeptides: GP1 (including Asn184), GP2 (including Asn207 and Asn211), and GP3 (including Asn241). A total of 23 individual glycopeptides were determined as potential biomarkers (p < 0.00001). In addition, to improve diagnostic efficacy, we derived representative group biomarkers with high AUC values (0.929 to 0.977) through logistic regression analysis for each GP group. It has been found that glycosylation of haptoglobin is highly associated with gastric cancer, especially the glycosite Asn241. Our assay not only allows to quickly and easily obtain information on glycosylation heterogeneity of a target glycoprotein but also makes it an efficient tool for biomarker discovery and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyup Jeong
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.J.); (M.O.); (J.N.)
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | | | - Myungjin Oh
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.J.); (M.O.); (J.N.)
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jihyeon Nam
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.J.); (M.O.); (J.N.)
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sehoon Park
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Yoonjin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Dongho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine for Gastroenterology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea;
| | - Jaehan Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Hyunjoo An
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.J.); (M.O.); (J.N.)
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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8
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Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp) is a blood plasma glycoprotein that binds free hemoglobin (Hb) and plays a critical role in tissue protection and the prevention of oxidative damage. In addition, it has a number of regulatory functions. Haptoglobin is an acute phase protein, its concentration in plasma changes in pathology, and the test for its concentration is part of normal clinical practice. Haptoglobin is a conservative protein synthesized mainly in the liver and lungs and is the subject of research as a potential biomarker of many diseases, including various forms of malignant neoplasms. Haptoglobin has several unique biophysical characteristics. Only in humans, the Hp gene is polymorphic, has three structural alleles that control the synthesis of three major phenotypes of Hp, homozygous Hp1-1 and Hp2-2, and heterozygous Hp2-1, determined by a combination of allelic variants that are inherited. Numerous studies indicate that the phenotype of haptoglobin can be used to judge the individual's predisposition to various diseases. In addition, Hp undergoes various post-translational modifications (PTMs). These are structural transformations (removal of the signal peptide, cutting of the Pre-Hp precursor molecule into two subunits, α and β, limited proteolysis of α-chains, formation of disulfide bonds, multimerization), as well as chemical modifications of α-chains and glycosylation of the β-chain. Glycosylation of the β-chain of haptoglobin at four Asn sites is the most important variable PTM that regulates the structure and function of the glycoprotein. The study of modified oligosaccharides of the Hp β-chain has become the main direction in the study of pathological processes, including malignant neoplasms. Many studies are focused on the identification of PTM and changes in the level of the α2-chain of this protein in pathology. These characteristics of Hp indicate the possibility of the existence of this protein as different proteoforms, probably with different functions. This review is devoted to the description of the structural and functional diversity of Hp and its potential use as a biomarker of various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Naryzhny
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics B.P. Konstantinova National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
| | - O K Legina
- Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics B.P. Konstantinova National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
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9
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De Simone G, Pasquadibisceglie A, Polticelli F, di Masi A, Ascenzi P. Haptoglobin and the related haptoglobin protein: the N-terminus makes the difference. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:2244-2253. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1837675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabio Polticelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tre Section, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
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10
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Ascenzi P, De Simone G, Pasquadibisceglie A, Gioia M, Coletta M. Kinetic inequivalence between α and β subunits of ligand dissociation from ferrous nitrosylated human haptoglobin:hemoglobin complexes. A comparison with O 2 and CO dissociation. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 214:111272. [PMID: 33129126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp) counterbalances the adverse effects of extra-erythrocytic hemoglobin (Hb) by trapping the αβ dimers of Hb in the bloodstream. In turn, the Hp:Hb complexes display Hb-like reactivity. Here, the kinetics of NO dissociation from ferrous nitrosylated Hp:Hb complexes (i.e., Hp1-1:Hb(II)-NO and Hp2-2:Hb(II)-NO, respectively) are reported at pH 7.0 and 20.0 °C. NO dissociation from Hp:Hb(II)-NO complexes has been followed by replacing NO with CO. Denitrosylation kinetics of Hp1-1:Hb(II)-NO and Hp2-2:Hb(II)-NO are biphasic, the relative amplitude of the fast and slow phase being 0.495 ± 0.015 and 0.485 ± 0.025, respectively. Values of koff(NO)1 and koff(NO)2 (i.e., (6.4 ± 0.8) × 10-5 s-1 and (3.6 ± 0.6) × 10-5 s-1 for Hp1-1:Hb(II)-NO and (5.8 ± 0.8) × 10-5 s-1 and (3.1 ± 0.6) × 10-5 s-1 for Hp2-2:Hb(II)-NO) are unaffected by allosteric effectors and correspond to those reported for the α and β subunits of tetrameric Hb(II)-NO and isolated α(II)-NO and β(II)-NO chains, respectively. This highlights the view that the conformation of the Hb α1β1 and α2β2 dimers matches that of the Hb high affinity conformation. Moreover, the observed functional heterogeneity reflects the variation of energy barriers for the ligand detachment and exit pathway(s) associated to the different structural arrangement of the two subunits in the nitrosylated R-state. Noteworthy, the extent of the inequivalence of α and β chains is closely similar for the O2, NO and CO dissociation in the R-state, suggesting that it is solely determined by the structural difference between the two subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ascenzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, I-00146 Roma, Italy.
| | - Giovanna De Simone
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 79, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Magda Gioia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy; Interuniversity Consortium for the Research on the Chemistry of Metals in Biological Systems, Via Celso Ulpiani 27, I-70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy; Interuniversity Consortium for the Research on the Chemistry of Metals in Biological Systems, Via Celso Ulpiani 27, I-70126, Bari, Italy
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11
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di Masi A, De Simone G, Ciaccio C, D'Orso S, Coletta M, Ascenzi P. Haptoglobin: From hemoglobin scavenging to human health. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 73:100851. [PMID: 32660714 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp) belongs to the family of acute-phase plasma proteins and represents the most important plasma detoxifier of hemoglobin (Hb). The basic Hp molecule is a tetrameric protein built by two α/β dimers. Each Hp α/β dimer is encoded by a single gene and is synthesized as a single polypeptide. Following post-translational protease-dependent cleavage of the Hp polypeptide, the α and β chains are linked by disulfide bridge(s) to generate the mature Hp protein. As human Hp gene is characterized by two common Hp1 and Hp2 alleles, three major genotypes can result (i.e., Hp1-1, Hp2-1, and Hp2-2). Hp regulates Hb clearance from circulation by the macrophage-specific receptor CD163, thus preventing Hb-mediated severe consequences for health. Indeed, the antioxidant and Hb binding properties of Hp as well as its ability to stimulate cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage and to modulate the helper T-cell type 1 and type 2 balance significantly associate with a variety of pathogenic disorders (e.g., infectious diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer). Alternative functions of the variants Hp1 and Hp2 have been reported, particularly in the susceptibility and protection against infectious (e.g., pulmonary tuberculosis, HIV, and malaria) and non-infectious (e.g., diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and obesity) diseases. Both high and low levels of Hp are indicative of clinical conditions: Hp plasma levels increase during infections, inflammation, and various malignant diseases, and decrease during malnutrition, hemolysis, hepatic disease, allergic reactions, and seizure disorders. Of note, the Hp:Hb complexes display heme-based reactivity; in fact, they bind several ferrous and ferric ligands, including O2, CO, and NO, and display (pseudo-)enzymatic properties (e.g., NO and peroxynitrite detoxification). Here, genetic, biochemical, biomedical, and biotechnological aspects of Hp are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra di Masi
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanna De Simone
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Ciaccio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, I-00133, Roma, Italy; Interuniversity Consortium for the Research on the Chemistry of Metals in Biological Systems, Via Celso Ulpiani 27, I-70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia D'Orso
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, I-00133, Roma, Italy; Interuniversity Consortium for the Research on the Chemistry of Metals in Biological Systems, Via Celso Ulpiani 27, I-70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, I-00146, Roma, Italy.
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Wood Heickman LK, DeBoer MD, Fasano A. Zonulin as a potential putative biomarker of risk for shared type 1 diabetes and celiac disease autoimmunity. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36:e3309. [PMID: 32162764 PMCID: PMC7340576 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is increasing annually, in addition to other childhood-onset autoimmune diseases. This review is inspired by recent strides in research defining the pathophysiology of autoimmunity in celiac disease, a disease that has significant genetic overlap with T1D. Population genetic studies have demonstrated an increased proportion of newly diagnosed young children with T1D also have a higher genetic risk of celiac disease, suggesting that shared environmental risk factors are driving the incidence of both diseases. The small intestine barrier forms a tightly regulated interface of the immune system with the outside world and largely controls the mucosal immune response to non-self-antigens, dictating the balance between tolerance and immune response. Zonulin is the only known physiological modulator of the intercellular tight junctions, important in antigen trafficking, and therefore, is a key player in regulation of the mucosal immune response. While usually tightly controlled, when the zonulin pathway is dysregulated by changes in microbiome composition and function, antigen trafficking control is lost, leading to loss of mucosal tolerance in genetically susceptible individuals. The tenant of this hypothesis is that loss of tolerance would not occur if the zonulin-dependent intestinal barrier function is restored, thereby preventing the influence of environmental triggers in individuals genetically susceptible to autoimmunity. This review outlines the current research and a structured hypothesis on how a dysregulated small intestinal epithelial barrier, a "leaky gut," may be important in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity in certain individuals at risk of both T1D and celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Wood Heickman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mark D DeBoer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
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13
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Jeong S, Oh MJ, Kim U, Lee J, Kim JH, An HJ. Glycosylation of serum haptoglobin as a marker of gastric cancer: an overview for clinicians. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:109-117. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1740091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyup Jeong
- Asia-pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jin Oh
- Asia-pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Unyong Kim
- Biocomplete Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jua Lee
- Asia-pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Asia-pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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14
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Ascenzi P, De Simone G, Tundo GR, Coletta M. Kinetics of cyanide and carbon monoxide dissociation from ferrous human haptoglobin:hemoglobin(II) complexes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:351-360. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Ligand-dependent inequivalence of the α and β subunits of ferric human hemoglobin bound to haptoglobin. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 202:110814. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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A Promising Candidate: Heparin-Binding Protein Steps onto the Stage of Sepsis Prediction. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:7515346. [PMID: 31930151 PMCID: PMC6942865 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7515346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection. With high morbidity and mortality of this disease, there is a need to find early effective diagnosis and assessment methods to improve the prognosis of patients. Heparin-binding protein (HBP) is a granular protein derived from polynuclear neutrophils. The biosynthetic HBP in neutrophils is rapidly released under the stimulation of bacteria, resulting in increased vascular permeability and edema. It is reasonable to speculate that the HBP in plasma may serve as a novel diagnostic marker for sepsis, bacterial skin infection, acute bacterial meningitis, leptospirosis, protozoan parasites, and even some noncommunicable diseases. It implies that in the detection and diagnosis of sepsis, it will be possible to make relevant diagnosis through this new indicator in the future. In this review, we summarize the typical biological function of HBP and its latest research progress to provide theoretical basis for clinical prediction and diagnosis of sepsis.
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Li S, Lee C, Hsu C, Huang H, Su Y. IL‐6 induces haptoglobin expression through activating STAT3 in human head and neck cancer. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 49:49-54. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Szu‐Chin Li
- Division of Hematology–Oncology Department of Internal Medicine Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital Chiayi Taiwan
- School of Medicine Tzu Chi University Hualian Taiwan
- Department of Life Science Institute of Molecular Biology National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan
| | - Ching‐Chih Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration National Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
- School of Medicine National Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chin‐Mu Hsu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Hsien‐Bin Huang
- Department of Life Science Institute of Molecular Biology National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Chieh Su
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
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Valitutti F, Fasano A. Breaking Down Barriers: How Understanding Celiac Disease Pathogenesis Informed the Development of Novel Treatments. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:1748-1758. [PMID: 31076989 PMCID: PMC6586517 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For decades, the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases has been attributed to increased intestinal paracellular permeability even though scientific evidence supporting this hypothesis has been tenuous. Nevertheless, during the past decade, there have been a growing number of publications focused on human genetics, the gut microbiome, and proteomics, suggesting that loss of mucosal barrier function, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, may substantially affect antigen trafficking, ultimately causing chronic inflammation, including autoimmunity, in genetically predisposed individuals. The gut mucosa works as a semipermeable barrier in that it permits nutrient absorption and also regulates immune surveillance while retaining potentially harmful microbes and environmental antigens within the intestinal lumen. Celiac disease (CD), a systemic, immune-mediated disorder triggered by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals, is associated with altered gut permeability. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown that gliadin, a prolamine component of gluten that is implicated in CD pathogenesis, is capable to disassembling intercellular junctional proteins by upregulating the zonulin pathway, which can be inhibited by the zonulin antagonist larazotide acetate. In this review, we will focus on CD as a paradigm of chronic inflammatory diseases in order to outline the contribution of gut paracellular permeability toward disease pathogenesis; moreover, we will summarize current evidence derived from available clinical trials of larazotide acetate in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Valitutti
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Department of "Maternal-and-Child Health" and Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Center for Celiac Research and Treatment and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, 175 Cambridge Street, CPZS - 574, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
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Fluoride and azide binding to ferric human hemoglobin:haptoglobin complexes highlights the ligand-dependent inequivalence of the α and β hemoglobin chains. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:247-255. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Zhu J, Chen Z, Zhang J, An M, Wu J, Yu Q, Skilton SJ, Bern M, Sen KI, Li L, Lubman DM. Differential Quantitative Determination of Site-Specific Intact N-Glycopeptides in Serum Haptoglobin between Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cirrhosis Using LC-EThcD-MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:359-371. [PMID: 30370771 PMCID: PMC6465142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intact N-glycopeptide analysis remains challenging due to the complexity of glycopeptide structures, low abundance of glycopeptides in protein digests, and difficulties in data interpretation/quantitation. Herein, we developed a workflow that involved advanced methodologies, the EThcD-MS/MS fragmentation method and data interpretation software, for differential analysis of the microheterogeneity of site-specific intact N-glycopeptides of serum haptoglobin between early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis. Haptoglobin was immunopurified from 20 μL of serum in patients with early HCC, liver cirrhosis, and healthy controls, respectively, followed by trypsin/GluC digestion, glycopeptide enrichment, and LC-EThcD-MS/MS analysis. Identification and differential quantitation of site-specific N-glycopeptides were performed using a combination of Byonic and Byologic software. In total, 93, 87, and 68 site-specific N-glycopeptides were identified in early HCC, liver cirrhosis, and healthy controls, respectively, with high confidence. The increased variety of N-glycopeptides in liver diseases compared to healthy controls was due to increased branching with hyper-fucosylation and sialylation. Differential quantitation analysis showed that 5 site-specific N-glycopeptides on sites N184 and N241 were significantly elevated in early HCC compared to cirrhosis ( p < 0.05) and normal controls ( p ≤ 0.001). The result demonstrates that the workflow provides a strategy for detailed profiles of N-glycopeptides of patient samples as well as for relative quantitation to determine the level changes in site-specific N-glycopeptides between disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zhengwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mingrui An
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Qing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - St. John Skilton
- Protein Metrics Incorporated, San Carlos, California 94070, United States
| | - Marshall Bern
- Protein Metrics Incorporated, San Carlos, California 94070, United States
| | - K. Ilker Sen
- Protein Metrics Incorporated, San Carlos, California 94070, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - David M. Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Scheffler L, Crane A, Heyne H, Tönjes A, Schleinitz D, Ihling CH, Stumvoll M, Freire R, Fiorentino M, Fasano A, Kovacs P, Heiker JT. Widely Used Commercial ELISA Does Not Detect Precursor of Haptoglobin2, but Recognizes Properdin as a Potential Second Member of the Zonulin Family. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:22. [PMID: 29459849 PMCID: PMC5807381 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence for the role of impaired intestinal permeability in obesity and associated metabolic diseases. Zonulin is an established serum marker for intestinal permeability and identical to pre-haptoglobin2. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between circulating zonulin and metabolic traits related to obesity. METHODS Serum zonulin was measured by using a widely used commercial ELISA kit in 376 subjects from the metabolically well-characterized cohort of Sorbs from Germany. In addition, haptoglobin genotype was determined in DNA samples from all study subjects. RESULTS As zonulin concentrations did not correlate to the haptoglobin genotypes, we investigated the specificity of the zonulin ELISA assay using antibody capture experiments, mass spectrometry, and Western blot analysis. Using serum samples that gave the highest or lowest ELISA signals, we detected several proteins that are likely to be captured by the antibody in the present kit. However, none of these proteins corresponds to pre-haptoglobin2. We used increasing concentrations of recombinant pre-haptoglobin2 and complement C3 as one of the representative captured proteins and the ELISA kit did not detect either. Western blot analysis using both the polyclonal antibodies used in this kit and monoclonal antibodies rose against zonulin showed a similar protein recognition pattern but with different intensity of detection. The protein(s) measured using the ELISA kit was (were) significantly increased in patients with diabetes and obesity and correlated strongly with markers of the lipid and glucose metabolism. Combining mass spectrometry and Western blot analysis using the polyclonal antibodies used in the ELISA kit, we identified properdin as another member of the zonulin family. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the zonulin ELISA does not recognize pre-haptoglobin2, rather structural (and possibly functional) analog proteins belonging to the mannose-associated serine protease family, with properdin being the most likely possible candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Scheffler
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alyce Crane
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henrike Heyne
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dorit Schleinitz
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian H Ihling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rachel Freire
- Mucosal Immunology And Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital--Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria Fiorentino
- Mucosal Immunology And Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital--Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology And Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital--Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John T Heiker
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Movahed M, Roudkenar MH, Bahadori M, Mohammadipour M, Jalili MA, Amiri F. Establishment of Stable CHO Cell Line Expressing Recombinant Human Haptoglobin: Toward New Haptoglobin-Based Therapeutics. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSACTION A-SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-017-0381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Andersen CBF, Stødkilde K, Sæderup KL, Kuhlee A, Raunser S, Graversen JH, Moestrup SK. Haptoglobin. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:814-831. [PMID: 27650279 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp) is an abundant human plasma protein that tightly captures hemoglobin (Hb) during hemolysis. The Hb-Hp complex formation reduces the oxidative properties of heme/Hb and promotes recognition by the macrophage scavenger receptor CD163. This leads to Hb-Hp breakdown and heme catabolism by heme oxygenase and biliverdin reductase. Gene duplications of a part of or the entire Hp gene in the primate evolution have led to variant Hp gene products that collectively may be designated "the haptoglobins (Hps)" as they all bind Hb. These variant products include the human-specific multimeric Hp phenotypes in individuals, which are hetero- or homozygous for an Hp2 gene allele. The Hp-related protein (Hpr) is another Hp duplication product in humans and other primates. Alternative functions of the variant Hps are indicated by numerous reports on association between Hp phenotypes and disease as well as the elucidation of a specific role of Hpr in the innate immune defense. Recent Advances: Recent functional and structural information on Hp and receptor systems for Hb removal now provides insight on how Hp carries out essential functions such as the Hb detoxification/removal, and how Hpr, by acting as an Hp-lookalike, can sneak a lethal toxin into trypanosome parasites that cause mammalian sleeping sickness. Critical Issues and Future Directions: The new structural insight may facilitate ongoing attempts of developing Hp derivatives for prevention of Hb toxicity in hemolytic diseases such as sickle cell disease and other hemoglobinopathies. Furthermore, the new structural knowledge may help identifying yet unknown functions based on other disease-relevant biological interactions involving Hps. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 814-831.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kirstine Lindhardt Sæderup
- 2 Cancer and Inflammation, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark , Odense C, Denmark
| | - Anne Kuhlee
- 3 Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology , Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Raunser
- 3 Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology , Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jonas H Graversen
- 2 Cancer and Inflammation, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark , Odense C, Denmark
| | - Søren Kragh Moestrup
- 1 Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus , Aarhus C, Denmark .,2 Cancer and Inflammation, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark , Odense C, Denmark .,4 Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital , Odense C, Denmark
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Sturgeon C, Fasano A. Zonulin, a regulator of epithelial and endothelial barrier functions, and its involvement in chronic inflammatory diseases. Tissue Barriers 2016; 4:e1251384. [PMID: 28123927 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2016.1251384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Beside digesting nutrients and absorbing solutes and electrolytes, the intestinal epithelium with its barrier function is in charge of a tightly controlled antigen trafficking from the intestinal lumen to the submucosa. This trafficking dictates the delicate balance between tolerance and immune response causing inflammation. Loss of barrier function secondary to upregulation of zonulin, the only known physiological modulator of intercellular tight junctions, leads to uncontrolled influx of dietary and microbial antigens. Additional insights on zonulin mechanism of action and the recent appreciation of the role that altered intestinal permeability can play in the development and progression of chronic inflammatory disorders has increased interest of both basic scientists and clinicians on the potential role of zonulin in the pathogenesis of these diseases. This review focuses on the recent research implicating zonulin as a master regulator of intestinal permeability linked to the development of several chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Sturgeon
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston, MA, USA; Graduate Program in Life Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston, MA, USA; European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
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25
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Twardowski ZJ, Haynie JD, Moore HL. Blood Flow, Negative Pressure, and Hemolysis During Hemodialysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 3:45-50. [PMID: 28455857 DOI: 10.1111/hdi.1999.3.1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Blood flow, measured by an ultrasound flowmeter, and the extent of hemolysis were assessed during a single, routine dialysis in 100 patients. Before and after the hemodialysis session, blood was drawn for measurements of haptoglobin (HPT), hemoglobin (HGB), albumin (ALB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The average values were as follows: pump speed 510 mL/ min, real blood flow 422 mL/min, arterial chamber pressure -350 mm Hg, and venous chamber pressure 279 mm Hg. Haptoglobin concentrations were higher in patients with central vein catheters compared to patients with arteriovenous access. The meaning of this finding is unclear. Mean HPT concentrations increased significantly less during hemodialysis (2.37%) than concentrations of ALB (11.3%), HGB (9.17%), and LDH (18.2%), indicating that some hemolysis is present in all dialyses. In dialyses with arterial chamber pressures more negative than -350 the median concentration of ALB (8.70%) increased significantly more than the median concentration of HGB (7.99%). This indicates significantly more hemolysis in dialyses with more negative pressures compared to those with less negative arterial chamber pressures. Median LDH increased more in dialyses with more negative prepump chamber pressures (16.19% vs 13.78%), but not significantly; however, LDH increases were significantly higher than either HGB or ALB, thus indicating significantly more hemolysis in dialyses with more negative pressures compared to those with less negative arterial chamber pressures. Erythropoietin dose was not significantly different in patients dialyzed with more or less negative arterial chamber pressures (17 645 ± 1226 U/week vs 16 308 ± 1506 U/week). We conclude that dialyses with negative arterial chamber pressures greater than -350 mm Hg cause slightly higher hemolysis than dialyses with less negative arterial chamber pressures, but this increased hemolysis is not associated with an increased requirement of erythropoietin dose. Whether this increased hemolysis is of clinical significance is uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbylut J Twardowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Harry S. Truman Veterans Administration Hospital, Dalton Research Center, Dialysis Clinics, Inc., Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Jimmy D Haynie
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Harry S. Truman Veterans Administration Hospital, Dalton Research Center, Dialysis Clinics, Inc., Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Harold L Moore
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Harry S. Truman Veterans Administration Hospital, Dalton Research Center, Dialysis Clinics, Inc., Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A
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Niranjan SK, Goyal S, Dubey PK, Vohra V, Singh S, Kathiravan P, Kataria RS. Molecular Characterization of Buffalo Haptoglobin: Sequence Based Structural Comparison Indicates Convergent Evolution Between Ruminants and Human. Anim Biotechnol 2016; 27:30-7. [PMID: 26646629 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2015.1069302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp) protein has high affinity for hemoglobin (Hb) binding during intravascular hemolysis and scavenges the hemoglobin induced free radicals. Earlier reports indicate about uniqueness of Hp molecule in human and cattle, but in other animals, it is not much studied. In this paper, we characterized buffalo Hp molecule and determined its molecular structure, evolutionary importance, and tissue expression. Comparative analysis and predicted domain structure indicated that the buffalo Hp has an internal duplicated region in α-chain only similar to an alternate Hp2 allele in human. This duplicated part encoded for an extra complement control protein CCP domain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that buffalo and other ruminants were found to group together separated from all other non-ruminants, including human. The key amino acid residues involved in Hp and Hb as well as Hp and macrophage scavenger receptor, CD163 interactions in buffalo, depicted a significant variation in comparison to other non-ruminant species. Constitutive expression of Hp was also confirmed across all the vital tissues of buffalo, for the first time. Results revealed that buffalo Hp is both structurally and functionally conserved, having internal duplication in α-chain similar to human Hp2 and other ruminant species, which might have evolved separately as a convergent evolutionary process. Furthermore, the presence of extra Hp CCP domain possibly in all ruminants may have an effect during dimerization of molecule in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Niranjan
- a National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources , Karnal , India
| | - S Goyal
- a National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources , Karnal , India.,b RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies , Yokohama , Japan
| | - P K Dubey
- a National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources , Karnal , India.,c Immune Regulation, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC) , Osaka University , Osaka Prefecture , Japan
| | - V Vohra
- a National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources , Karnal , India
| | - S Singh
- a National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources , Karnal , India
| | - P Kathiravan
- a National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources , Karnal , India.,d Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO-IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture , International Atomic Energy Agency , Vienna , Austria
| | - R S Kataria
- a National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources , Karnal , India
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Fatunmbi O, Abzalimov RR, Savinov SN, Gershenson A, Kaltashov IA. Interactions of Haptoglobin with Monomeric Globin Species: Insights from Molecular Modeling and Native Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Biochemistry 2016; 55:1918-28. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ololade Fatunmbi
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Rinat R. Abzalimov
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Sergey N. Savinov
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Anne Gershenson
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Igor A. Kaltashov
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Takahashi S, Sugiyama T, Shimomura M, Kamada Y, Fujita K, Nonomura N, Miyoshi E, Nakano M. Site-specific and linkage analyses of fucosylated N-glycans on haptoglobin in sera of patients with various types of cancer: possible implication for the differential diagnosis of cancer. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:471-82. [PMID: 26869352 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fucosylation is an important type of glycosylation involved in cancer, and fucosylated proteins could be employed as cancer biomarkers. Previously, we reported that fucosylated N-glycans on haptoglobin in the sera of patients with pancreatic cancer were increased by lectin-ELISA and mass spectrometry analyses. However, an increase in fucosylated haptoglobin has been reported in various types of cancer. To ascertain if characteristic fucosylation is observed in each cancer type, we undertook site-specific analyses of N-glycans on haptoglobin in the sera of patients with five types of operable gastroenterological cancer (esophageal, gastric, colon, gallbladder, pancreatic), a non-gastroenterological cancer (prostate cancer) and normal controls using ODS column LC-ESI MS. Haptoglobin has four potential glycosylation sites (Asn184, Asn207, Asn211, Asn241). In all cancer samples, monofucosylated N-glycans were significantly increased at all glycosylation sites. Moreover, difucosylated N-glycans were detected at Asn 184, Asn207 and Asn241 only in cancer samples. Remarkable differences in N-glycan structure among cancer types were not observed. We next analyzed N-glycan alditols released from haptoglobin using graphitized carbon column LC-ESI MS to identify the linkage of fucosylation. Lewis-type and core-type fucosylated N-glycans were increased in gastroenterological cancer samples, but only core-type fucosylated N-glycan was relatively increased in prostate cancer samples. In metastatic prostate cancer, Lewis-type fucosylated N-glycan was also increased. These data suggest that the original tissue/cell producing fucosylated haptoglobin is different in each cancer type and linkage of fucosylation might be a clue of primary lesion, thereby enabling a differential diagnosis between gastroenterological cancers and non-gastroenterological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Takahashi
- Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, 739-8530, Japan
| | - Taiki Sugiyama
- Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, 739-8530, Japan
| | - Mayuka Shimomura
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miyako Nakano
- Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, 739-8530, Japan.
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Zhu J, Wu J, Yin H, Marrero J, Lubman DM. Mass Spectrometric N-Glycan Analysis of Haptoglobin from Patient Serum Samples Using a 96-Well Plate Format. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4932-9. [PMID: 26448449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in glycosylation of serum glycoproteins can provide unique and highly specific fingerprints of malignancy. Our previous mass spectrometric study revealed that the bifucosylation level of serum haptoglobin was distinctly increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients versus liver cirrhosis of all three major etiologies. We have thus developed a method for the analysis of large numbers of serum samples based on a 96-well plate platform for the evaluation of fucosylation changes of serum haptoglobin between HCC versus cirrhosis. Haptoglobin was isolated from the serum of individual patient samples based on an HPLC column immobilized with antihaptoglobin antibody via hydrazide immobilization chemistry. Only 10 μL of serum was required for glycan extraction and processing for MALDI-QIT mass spectrometry analysis using the 96-well plate format. The bifucosylation degrees of haptoglobin in individuals were calculated using a quantitative glycomics method. The MS data confirmed that the bifucosylated tetra-anntenary glycan was upregulated in HCC samples of all etiologies. This study provides a parallel method for processing glycan content for haptoglobin and evaluating detailed changes in glycan structures for a potentially large cohort of clinical serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center , 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center , 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Haidi Yin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center , 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jorge Marrero
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center , 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center , 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Abstract
Catalytically inactive enzymes (also known as pseudoproteases, protease homologues or paralogues, non-peptidase homologues, non-enzymes and pseudoenzymes) have traditionally been hypothesized to act as regulators of their active homologues. However, those that have been characterized demonstrate that inactive enzymes have an extensive and expanding role in biological processes, including regulation, inhibition and immune modulation. With the emergence of each new genome, more inactive enzymes are being identified, and their abundance and potential as therapeutic targets has been realized. In the light of the growing interest in this emerging field the present review focuses on the classification, structure, function and mechanism of inactive enzymes. Examples of how inactivity is defined, how this is reflected in the structure, functions of inactive enzymes in biological processes and their mode of action are discussed.
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AYYUB ASIMA, SALEEM MAHJABEEN, MUSHARRAF SYEDGHULAM, NAZ MAMOONA, TARIQ ASMA, HASHMI NAGHMA. Mass spectrometric identification, characterization and validation of the haptoglobin β-chain protein as a lung cancer serum biomarker. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3755-3762. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Oh MK, Park HJ, Lee JH, Bae HM, Kim IS. Single chain precursor prohaptoglobin promotes angiogenesis by upregulating expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor2. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1009-17. [PMID: 25775978 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Prohaptoglobin (proHp) is processed into mature haptoglobin via site-specific cleavage. Although haptoglobin has been well studied, the functions of proHp remain unclear. We investigated the angiogenic action of proHp in endothelial cells, demonstrating that proHp upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) expression and endothelial sprouting and branching. ProHp-induced sprouting was attenuated by a VEGFR2 inhibitor. Moreover, proHp was detected in sera of cancer patients by immunoprecipitation and Western blot. These findings indicate that proHp promotes angiogenesis via VEGF/VEGFR2 signalling, and serum proHp level may be a useful biomarker for diseases associated with angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Oh
- Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Park
- Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Lee
- Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 403-720, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook Kim
- Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea.
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Biswal SS, Das S, Balasubramanian S, Mohanty DN, Sethy K, Dasgupta M. Serum amyloid A and haptoglobin levels in crossbred cows with endometritis following different therapy. Vet World 2014. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.1066-1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Zhu J, Lin Z, Wu J, Yin H, Dai J, Feng Z, Marrero J, Lubman DM. Analysis of serum haptoglobin fucosylation in hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis of different etiologies. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:2986-97. [PMID: 24807840 PMCID: PMC4059532 DOI: 10.1021/pr500128t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We have developed herein a quantitative mass spectrometry-based approach to analyze the etiology-related alterations in fucosylation degree of serum haptoglobin in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The three most common etiologies, including infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), and heavy alcohol consumption (ALC), were investigated. Only 10 μL of serum was used in this assay in which haptoglobin was immunoprecipitated using a monoclonal antibody. The N-glycans of haptoglobin were released with PNGase F, desialylated, and permethylated prior to MALDI-QIT-TOF MS analysis. In total, N-glycan profiles derived from 104 individual patient samples were quantified (14 healthy controls, 40 cirrhosis, and 50 HCCs). A unique pattern of bifucosylated tetra-antennary glycan, with both core and antennary fucosylation, was identified in HCC patients. Quantitative analysis indicated that the increased fucosylation degree was highly associated with HBV- and ALC-related HCC patients compared to that of the corresponding cirrhosis patients. Notably, the bifucosylation degree was distinctly increased in HCC patients versus that in cirrhosis of all etiologies. The elevated bifucosylation degree of haptoglobin can discriminate early stage HCC patients from cirrhosis in each etiologic category, which may be used to provide a potential marker for early detection and to predict HCC in patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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35
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Development of monoclonal antibodies to pre-haptoglobin 2 and their use in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). J Immunol Methods 2014; 406:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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36
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Mollan TL, Jia Y, Banerjee S, Wu G, Kreulen RT, Tsai AL, Olson JS, Crumbliss AL, Alayash AI. Redox properties of human hemoglobin in complex with fractionated dimeric and polymeric human haptoglobin. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 69:265-77. [PMID: 24486321 PMCID: PMC4104362 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp) is an abundant and conserved plasma glycoprotein, which binds acellular adult hemoglobin (Hb) dimers with high affinity and facilitates their rapid clearance from circulation after hemolysis. Humans possess three main phenotypes of Hp, designated Hp 1-1, Hp 2-1, and Hp 2-2. These variants exhibit diverse structural configurations and have been reported to be functionally nonequivalent. We have investigated the functional and redox properties of Hb-Hp complexes prepared using commercially fractionated Hp and found that all forms exhibit similar behavior. The rate of Hb dimer binding to Hp occurs with bimolecular rate constants of ~0.9 μM(-1) s(-1), irrespective of the type of Hp assayed. Although Hp binding does accelerate the observed rate of HbO2 autoxidation by dissociating Hb tetramers into dimers, the rate observed for these bound dimers is three- to fourfold slower than that of Hb dimers free in solution. Co-incubation of ferric Hb with any form of Hp inhibits heme loss to below detectable levels. Intrinsic redox potentials (E1/2) of the ferric/ferrous pair of each Hb-Hp complex are similar, varying from +54 to +59 mV (vs NHE), and are essentially the same as reported by us previously for Hb-Hp complexes prepared from unfractionated Hp. All Hb-Hp complexes generate similar high amounts of ferryl Hb after exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Electron paramagnetic resonance data indicate that the yields of protein-based radicals during this process are approximately 4 to 5% and are unaffected by the variant of Hp assayed. These data indicate that the Hp fractions examined are equivalent to one another with respect to Hb binding and associated stability and redox properties and that this result should be taken into account in the design of phenotype-specific Hp therapeutics aimed at countering Hb-mediated vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd L Mollan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Yiping Jia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | | | - Gang Wu
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Ah-Lim Tsai
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John S Olson
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology Department, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA
| | | | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
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Zhang S, Jiang K, Sun C, Lu H, Liu Y. Quantitative analysis of site-specific N-glycans on sera haptoglobin β chain in liver diseases. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 45:1021-9. [PMID: 24103369 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The site-specific characterization of N-glycans in glycoproteins with the potential of clinical application is important. In our previous report, the overall N-glycans of sera haptoglobin (Hp) β chain were found to be different in liver diseases. Hp β chain contains four potential sites of N-glycosylation. In this study, we investigated the potential change of N-glycans on Hp β chain in a site-specific fashion. Sera Hp β chain in healthy individuals as well as patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV), liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were purified, digested and subjected to liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-higher energy collision dissociation mass spectrometry, which allowed identification and structure determination of the glycopeptide, as well as the relative quantification of glycans present on each glycopeptide. The quantitative results revealed that the sialylation of NLFLN(207)HSEN(211)ATAK and the fucosylated structure at all glycopeptides increased significantly in LC and HCC patients compared with those in HBV patients and healthy individuals. A set of different N-glycan patterns of Hp β chain in various liver diseases has been determined. Thus, the sialylated and fucosylated glycoforms of Hp β chain might be related to early hepatocarcinogenesis and also might be useful as novel differential markers for LC and HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Labolatory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
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Park HJ, Oh MK, Kim NH, Cho ML, Kim IS. Identification of a specific haptoglobin C-terminal fragment in arthritic synovial fluid and its effect on interleukin-6 expression. Immunology 2013; 140:133-41. [PMID: 23701120 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp), a major acute-phase plasma protein, has been found in arthritic synovial fluid (SF). However, the function and structural modifications of Hp in arthritic SF are unknown. To investigate in vivo generation of modified Hp associated with inflammatory disease, we examined a new Hp isoform in SF from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Specific Hp fragments of 28 000 and 15 000 molecular weight were identified in SF of patients with RA, and the two polypeptides were presumed to be fragments of the Hp β-chain (43 000 MW) produced by cleavage with plasmin. The 15 000 MW fragment, which is a C-terminal region of Hp, was observed at higher frequency and levels in RA than in osteoarthritis. Plasmin activity was also higher in SF of RA patients. A recombinant 15 000 MW Hp fragment up-regulated interlukin-6 expression in monocytic cells. These findings indicate that the C-terminal Hp fragment is generated by plasmin in local inflammatory environments and acts as an inflammatory mediator. They further suggest that a specific Hp fragment might be applied as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of inflammatory diseases such as RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung Park
- Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Ratanasopa K, Chakane S, Ilyas M, Nantasenamat C, Bulow L. Trapping of human hemoglobin by haptoglobin: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:2364-74. [PMID: 22900934 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Haptoglobin (Hp) is an abundant plasma protein controlling the fate of hemoglobin (Hb) released from red blood cells after intravascular hemolysis. The complex formed between Hp and Hb is extraordinary strong, and once formed, this protein-protein association can be considered irreversible. RECENT ADVANCES A model of the Hp-Hb complex has been generated and the first steps toward understanding the mechanism behind the shielding effects of Hp have been taken. The clinical potential of the complex for modulating inflammatory reactions and for functioning as an Hb-based oxygen carrier have been described. CRITICAL ISSUES The three-dimensional structure of the Hp-Hb complex is unknown. Moreover, Hp is not a homogeneous protein. There are two common alleles at the Hp genetic locus denoted Hp1 and Hp2, which when analyzed on the protein levels result in differences between their physiological behavior, particularly in their shielding against Hb-driven oxidative stress. Additional cysteine residues on the α-subunit allow Hp2 to form a variety of native multimers, which influence the biophysical and biological properties of Hp. The multimeric conformations, in turn, also modulate the glycosylation patterns of Hp by steric hindrance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A detailed analysis of the influence of Hp glycosylation will be instrumental to generate a deeper understanding of its biological function. Several pathological conditions also modify the glycan compositions allowing Hp to be potentially used as a marker protein for these disorders.
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Segawa T, Amatsuji H, Suzuki K, Suzuki M, Yanagisawa M, Itou T, Sakai T, Nakanishi T. Molecular characterization and validation of commercially available methods for haptoglobin measurement in bottlenose dolphin. RESULTS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 3:57-63. [PMID: 24600559 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinim.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp) is a positive acute-phase protein and a valuable marker of inflammation in both human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to validate the molecular characterization of Hp in dolphins and to validate commercially available Hp measurement methods such as Hp-ELISA (originally designed for pigs) and Hp-hemoglobin (Hb) binding assay. The dolphin Hp (dHp) amino acid sequence appeared most similar to pig Hp by sequence homology and phylogenetic clustering. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that dHp comprises the Hp1 form of α1 and β chains. The anti-pig Hp antibody cross-reacted with both recombinant dHp, expressed by Escherichia coli, and dHp from serum. The intra- and inter-assay levels of imprecision of pig Hp-ELISA and the Hp-Hb binding assay were found to be tolerable for the determination of Hp in dolphin, and there was no significant discrepancy between the two determination methods. The ability of the assay to differentiate between healthy and inflammation groups was investigated, and a significant increase in Hp concentration was detected in inflammatory conditions. Thus, Hp is a useful inflammation marker for dolphin, and the Hp concentration in dolphin serum samples can be reliably measured using commercially available pig Hp-ELISA and Hp-Hb binding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Segawa
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Hazumu Amatsuji
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kento Suzuki
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Miwa Suzuki
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | | | - Takuya Itou
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takeo Sakai
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Nakanishi
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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Nielsen MJ, Andersen CBF, Moestrup SK. CD163 binding to haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes involves a dual-point electrostatic receptor-ligand pairing. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:18834-41. [PMID: 23671278 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.471060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of the haptoglobin (Hp)-hemoglobin (Hb) complex in human plasma leads to a high affinity recognition by the endocytic macrophage receptor CD163. A fast segregation of Hp-Hb from CD163 occurs at endosomal conditions (pH <6.5). The ligand binding site of CD163 has previously been shown to involve the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain 3. This domain and the adjacent SRCR domain 2 of CD163 contain a consensus motif for a calcium-coordinated acidic amino acid triad cluster as originally identified in the SRCR domain of the scavenger receptor MARCO. Here we show that site-directed mutagenesis in each of these acidic triads of SRCR domains 2 and 3 abrogates the high affinity binding of recombinant CD163 to Hp-Hb. In the ligand, Hp Arg-252 and Lys-262, both present in a previously identified CD163 binding loop of Hp, were revealed as essential residues for the high affinity receptor binding. These findings are in accordance with pairing of the calcium-coordinated acidic clusters in SRCR domains 2 and 3 with the two basic Arg/Lys residues in the Hp loop. Such a two-point electrostatic pairing is mechanistically similar to the pH-sensitive pairings disclosed in crystal structures of ligands in complex with tandem LDL receptor repeats or tandem CUB domains in other endocytic receptors.
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Rittirsch D, Flierl MA, Nadeau BA, Day DE, Huber-Lang MS, Grailer JJ, Zetoune FS, Andjelkovic AV, Fasano A, Ward PA. Zonulin as prehaptoglobin2 regulates lung permeability and activates the complement system. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 304:L863-72. [PMID: 23564505 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00196.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zonulin is a protein involved in the regulation of tight junctions (TJ) in epithelial or endothelial cells. Zonulin is known to affect TJ in gut epithelial cells, but little is known about its influences in other organs. Prehaptoglobin2 has been identified as zonulin and is related to serine proteases (MASPs, C1qrs) that activate the complement system. The current study focused on the role of zonulin in development of acute lung injury (ALI) in C57BL/6 male mice following intrapulmonary deposition of IgG immune complexes. A zonulin antagonist (AT-1001) and a related peptide with permeability agonist activities (AT-1002) were employed and given intratracheally or intravenously. Also, zonulin was blocked in lung with a neutralizing antibody. In a dose-dependent manner, AT-1001 or zonulin neutralizing antibody attenuated the intensity of ALI (as quantitated by albumin leak, neutrophil accumulation, and proinflammatory cytokines). A similar pattern was found using the bacterial lipopolysaccharide model of ALI. Using confocal microscopy on sections of injured lungs, staining patterns for TJ proteins were discontinuous, reduced, and fragmented. As expected, the leak of blood products into the alveolar space confirmed the passage of 3 and 20 kDa dextran, and albumin. In contrast to AT-1001, application of the zonulin agonist AT-1002 intensified ALI. Zonulin both in vitro and in vivo induced generation of complement C3a and C5a. Collectively, these data suggest that zonulin facilitates development of ALI both by enhancing albumin leak and complement activation as well as increased buildup of neutrophils and cytokines during development of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rittirsch
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Pirincci N, Gecit I, Gunes M, Kemik AS, Yusel MB, Kaba M, Ceylan K, Aslan M. Haptoglobin Levels in Turkish Patients with Bladder Cancer and its Association with Clinicopathological Features. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:6063-6. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.12.6063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Maresca B, Cigliano L, Spagnuolo MS, Dal Piaz F, Corsaro MM, Balato N, Nino M, Balato A, Ayala F, Abrescia P. Differences between the glycosylation patterns of haptoglobin isolated from skin scales and plasma of psoriatic patients. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52040. [PMID: 23272204 PMCID: PMC3525549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved diagnosis of psoriasis, by new biomarkers, is required for evaluating the progression rate of the disease and the response to treatment. Haptoglobin (Hpt), a glycoprotein secreted by hepatocytes and other types of cells including keratinocytes, was found with glycan changes in psoriasis and other diseases. We previously reported that Hpt isolated from plasma of psoriatic patients is more fucosylated than Hpt of healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to compare the glycosylation pattern of Hpt isolated from skin scales or plasma of patients with psoriasis with that of Hpt from cornified epidermal layer or plasma of healthy subjects. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of the glycans isolated from the protein backbone revealed that glycan patterns from skin and plasma of patients were similar, and mostly displayed quantitative rather than qualitative differences from normal pattern. Biotin-labeled lectins were used to evaluate quantitative differences in the glycoforms of Hpt from plasma and psoriatic skin scales. Hpt from skin and plasma of patients showed more fucosylated and branched glycans than Hpt from plasma of healthy subjects. Tryptic glycopeptides of Hpt were also analyzed by mass spectrometry, and a decreased amount of sialylated glycan chains was found in glycopeptides of skin Hpt, as compared with Hpt from plasma. High levels of glycans with fucosylated and tetra-antennary chains were detected on the peptide NLFLNHSENATAK from Hpt of psoriatic patients. Our data demonstrate that specific changes in glycan structures of Hpt, such as enhanced glycan branching and fucose content, are associated with psoriasis, and that differences between circulating and skin Hpt do exist. A lower extent of glycan fucosylation and branching was found in Hpt from plasma of patients in disease remission. Altered glycoforms might reflect changes of Hpt function in the skin, and could be used as markers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardetta Maresca
- Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
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Yang S, Ma Y, Liu Y, Que H, Zhu C, Liu S. Elevated serum haptoglobin after traumatic brain injury is synthesized mainly in liver. J Neurosci Res 2012; 91:230-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Roles of Extracellular Chaperones in Amyloidosis. J Mol Biol 2012; 421:499-516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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47
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Adrain C, Freeman M. New lives for old: evolution of pseudoenzyme function illustrated by iRhoms. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2012; 13:489-98. [PMID: 22781900 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale sequencing of genomes has revealed that most enzyme families include inactive homologues. These pseudoenzymes are often well conserved, implying a selective pressure to retain them during evolution, and therefore that they have significant function. Mechanistic insights and evolutionary lessons are now emerging from the study of a broad range of such 'dead' enzymes. The recently discovered iRhoms - inactive homologues of rhomboid proteases - have joined derlins and other members of the rhomboid-like clan in regulating the fate of proteins as they pass through the secretory pathway. There is a strong case that dead enzymes, which have been rather overlooked, may be a rich source of biological regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Adrain
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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Maresca B, Cigliano L, Corsaro MM, Pieretti G, Natale M, Bucci EM, Dal Piaz F, Balato N, Nino M, Ayala F, Abrescia P. Quantitative determination of haptoglobin glycoform variants in psoriasis. Biol Chem 2011; 391:1429-39. [PMID: 21087091 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Haptoglobin is an acute phase glycoprotein, secreted by hepatocytes and other types of cells including keratinocytes. Haptoglobin has been suggested to impair the immune response, inhibit gelatinases in the extracellular matrix and promote angiogenesis, but its role in psoriasis is obscure to date. Changes in haptoglobin glycan structure were observed in several diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether haptoglobin displays glycan variations in psoriasis. We found that the pattern of plasma haptoglobin glycoforms, following two-dimensional electrophoresis, exhibited significant quantitative differences in spot intensities between patients and controls. Quantitative and qualitative differences in glycan mass, between patients and controls, were found by mass spectrometry of glycopeptides from tryptic digests of protein isolated from both patients and controls. The number of distinct fucosylated glycoforms of peptides NLFLNHSENATAK and MVSHHNLTTGATLINEQWLLTTAK was higher in patients than in controls, but no fucosylated glycan was detected on peptide VVLHPNYSQ-VDIGLIK in either case. The number of peptides with distinct triantennary and tetraantennary glycans was higher in patients than in controls. Abundance or structure of specific glycans, which are present in haptoglobin from patients and are different or missing in normal haptoglobin, might be associated with disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardetta Maresca
- Dipartimento di Patologia Sistematica - Sezione di Dermatologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy
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Felföldi G, Eleftherianos I, Ffrench-Constant RH, Venekei I. A serine proteinase homologue, SPH-3, plays a central role in insect immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:4828-34. [PMID: 21398604 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous vertebrate and invertebrate genes encode serine proteinase homologues (SPHs) similar to members of the serine proteinase family, but lacking one or more residues of the catalytic triad. These SPH proteins are thought to play a role in immunity, but their precise functions are poorly understood. In this study, we show that SPH-3 (an insect non-clip domain-containing SPH) is of central importance in the immune response of a model lepidopteran, Manduca sexta. We examine M. sexta infection with a virulent, insect-specific, Gram-negative bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens. RNA interference suppression of bacteria-induced SPH-3 synthesis severely compromises the insect's ability to defend itself against infection by preventing the transcription of multiple antimicrobial effector genes, but, surprisingly, not the transcription of immune recognition genes. Upregulation of the gene encoding prophenoloxidase and the activity of the phenoloxidase enzyme are among the antimicrobial responses that are severely attenuated on SPH-3 knockdown. These findings suggest the existence of two largely independent signaling pathways controlling immune recognition by the fat body, one governing effector gene transcription, and the other regulating genes encoding pattern recognition proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Felföldi
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
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Zhang S, Shu H, Luo K, Kang X, Zhang Y, Lu H, Liu Y. N-linked glycan changes of serum haptoglobin β chain in liver disease patients. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:1621-8. [PMID: 21380457 DOI: 10.1039/c1mb05020f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human haptoglobin is a serum glycoprotein secreted by the liver with four potential N-glycosylation sites on its β chain. Many studies have reported glycan changes of haptoglobin in diseases such as breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. The objective of our study is to analyze N-linked glycan alterations of serum haptoglobin β chain obtained from patients with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MALDI-QIT-TOF mass spectrometry revealed the intensity of m/z 1809.6, identified as a fucosylated glycan, was much higher in samples from patients with LC and HCC relative to the patients with HBV and healthy controls. Compared with LC patients, triantennary glycan was elevated and the biantennary structure was decreased in the haptoglobin β chain of HCC patients. Thus, alterations in the glycan structure of the haptoglobin β chain may constitute significant spectral signatures of cirrhosis and HCC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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