1
|
The aging proteostasis decline: From nematode to human. Exp Cell Res 2021; 399:112474. [PMID: 33434530 PMCID: PMC7868887 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aging proteostasis decline manifests in a failure of aging cells and organisms to properly respond to proteotoxic challenges. This proteostasis collapse has long been considered a hallmark of aging in nematodes, and has recently been shown to occur also in human cells upon entry to senescence, opening the way to exploring the phenomenon in the broader context of human aging. Cellular senescence is part of the normal human physiology of aging, with senescent cell accumulation as a prominent feature of aged tissues. Being highly resistant to cell death, senescent cells, as they accumulate, become pro-inflammatory and promote disease. Here we discuss the causes of human senescence proteostasis decline, in view of the current literature on nematodes, on the one hand, and senescence, on the other hand. We review two major aspects of the phenomenon: (1) the decline in transcriptional activation of stress-response pathways, and (2) impairments in proteasome function. We further outline potential underlying mechanisms of transcriptional proteostasis decline, focusing on reduced chromatin dynamics and compromised nuclear integrity. Finally, we discuss potential strategies for reinforcing proteostasis as a means to improve organismal health and address the relationship to senolytics.
Collapse
|
2
|
Das S, Ooi FK, Cruz Corchado J, Fuller LC, Weiner JA, Prahlad V. Serotonin signaling by maternal neurons upon stress ensures progeny survival. eLife 2020; 9:e55246. [PMID: 32324136 PMCID: PMC7237211 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Germ cells are vulnerable to stress. Therefore, how organisms protect their future progeny from damage in a fluctuating environment is a fundamental question in biology. We show that in Caenorhabditis elegans, serotonin released by maternal neurons during stress ensures the viability and stress resilience of future offspring. Serotonin acts through a signal transduction pathway conserved between C. elegans and mammalian cells to enable the transcription factor HSF1 to alter chromatin in soon-to-be fertilized germ cells by recruiting the histone chaperone FACT, displacing histones, and initiating protective gene expression. Without serotonin release by maternal neurons, FACT is not recruited by HSF1 in germ cells, transcription occurs but is delayed, and progeny of stressed C. elegans mothers fail to complete development. These studies uncover a novel mechanism by which stress sensing by neurons is coupled to transcription response times of germ cells to protect future offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srijit Das
- Department of Biology, Aging Mind and Brain InitiativeIowa CityUnited States
| | - Felicia K Ooi
- Department of Biology, Aging Mind and Brain InitiativeIowa CityUnited States
| | | | | | - Joshua A Weiner
- Department of BiologyIowa CityUnited States
- Iowa Neuroscience InstituteIowa CityUnited States
| | - Veena Prahlad
- Department of Biology, Aging Mind and Brain InitiativeIowa CityUnited States
- Department of BiologyIowa CityUnited States
- Iowa Neuroscience InstituteIowa CityUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dropping in on lipid droplets: insights into cellular stress and cancer. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180764. [PMID: 30111611 PMCID: PMC6146295 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LD) have increasingly become a major topic of research in recent years following its establishment as a highly dynamic organelle. Contrary to the initial view of LDs being passive cytoplasmic structures for lipid storage, studies have provided support on how they act in concert with different organelles to exert functions in various cellular processes. Although lipid dysregulation resulting from aberrant LD homeostasis has been well characterised, how this translates and contributes to cancer progression is poorly understood. This review summarises the different paradigms on how LDs function in the regulation of cellular stress as a contributing factor to cancer progression. Mechanisms employed by a broad range of cancer cell types in differentially utilising LDs for tumourigenesis will also be highlighted. Finally, we discuss the potential of targeting LDs in the context of cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
|
4
|
Brunquell J, Morris S, Snyder A, Westerheide SD. Coffee extract and caffeine enhance the heat shock response and promote proteostasis in an HSF-1-dependent manner in Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:65-75. [PMID: 28674941 PMCID: PMC5741582 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As the population ages, there is a critical need to uncover strategies to combat diseases of aging. Studies in the soil-dwelling nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have demonstrated the protective effects of coffee extract and caffeine in promoting the induction of conserved longevity pathways including the insulin-like signaling pathway and the oxidative stress response. We were interested in determining the effects of coffee and caffeine treatment on the regulation of the heat shock response. The heat shock response is a highly conserved cellular response that functions as a cytoprotective mechanism during stress, mediated by the heat shock transcription factor HSF-1. In the worm, HSF-1 not only promotes protection against stress but is also essential for development and longevity. Induction of the heat shock response has been suggested to be beneficial for diseases of protein conformation by preventing protein misfolding and aggregation, and as such has been proposed as a therapeutic target for age-associated neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we demonstrate that coffee is a potent, dose-dependent, inducer of the heat shock response. Treatment with a moderate dose of pure caffeine was also able to induce the heat shock response, indicating caffeine as an important component within coffee for producing this response. The effects that we observe with both coffee and pure caffeine on the heat shock response are both dependent on HSF-1. In a C. elegans Huntington's disease model, worms treated with caffeine were protected from polyglutamine aggregates and toxicity, an effect that was also HSF-1-dependent. In conclusion, these results demonstrate caffeinated coffee, and pure caffeine, as protective substances that promote proteostasis through induction of the heat shock response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Brunquell
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, ISA 2015, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Stephanie Morris
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, ISA 2015, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Alana Snyder
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, ISA 2015, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Sandy D Westerheide
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, ISA 2015, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shemesh N, Shai N, Meshnik L, Katalan R, Ben-Zvi A. Uncoupling the Trade-Off between Somatic Proteostasis and Reproduction in Caenorhabditis elegans Models of Polyglutamine Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:101. [PMID: 28503130 PMCID: PMC5409330 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans somatic protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is actively remodeled at the onset of reproduction. This proteostatic collapse is regulated cell-nonautonomously by signals from the reproductive system that transmit the commitment to reproduction to somatic cells. Here, we asked whether the link between the reproductive system and somatic proteostasis could be uncoupled by activating downstream effectors in the gonadal longevity cascade. Specifically, we examined whether over-expression of lipl-4 (lipl-4(oe)), a target gene of the gonadal longevity pathway, or increase in arachidonic acid (AA) levels, associated with lipl-4(oe), modulated proteostasis and reproduction. We found that lipl-4(oe) rescued somatic proteostasis and postponed the onset of aggregation and toxicity in C. elegans models of polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases. However, lipl-4(oe) also disrupted fatty acid transport into developing oocytes and reduced reproductive success. In contrast, diet supplementation of AA recapitulated lipl-4(oe)-mediated proteostasis enhancement in wild type animals but did not affect the reproductive system. Thus, the gonadal longevity pathway mediates a trade-off between somatic maintenance and reproduction, in part by regulating the expression of genes, such as lipl-4, with inverse effects on somatic maintenance and reproduction. We propose that AA could uncouple such germline to soma crosstalk, with beneficial implications protein misfolding diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Netta Shemesh
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva, Israel
| | - Nadav Shai
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva, Israel
| | - Lana Meshnik
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva, Israel
| | - Rotem Katalan
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva, Israel
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lanosterol Suppresses the Aggregation and Cytotoxicity of Misfolded Proteins Linked with Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1169-1182. [PMID: 28102469 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of misfolded or aberrant proteins in neuronal cells is linked with neurodegeneration and other pathologies. Which molecular mechanisms fail and cause inappropriate folding of proteins and what is their relationship to cellular toxicity is not well known. How does it happen and what are the probable therapeutic or molecular approaches to counter them are also not clear. Here, we demonstrate that treatment of lanosterol diminishes aberrant proteotoxic aggregation and mitigates their cytotoxicity via induced expression of co-chaperone CHIP and elevated autophagy. The addition of lanosterol not only reduces aggregation of mutant bonafide misfolded proteins but also effectively prevents accumulation of various mutant disease-prone proteotoxic proteins. Finally, we observed that lanosterol mitigates cytotoxicity in cells, mediated by different stress-inducing agents. Taken together, our present results suggest that upregulation of cellular molecular chaperones, primarily using small molecules, can probably offer an efficient therapeutic approach in the future against misfolding of different disease-causing proteins and neurodegenerative disorders. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
|
7
|
Modulation of the Expression of Components of the Stress Response by Dietary Arachidonic Acid in European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Larvae. Lipids 2015; 50:1029-41. [PMID: 26233819 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study reports for the first time on European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), larvae, the effect of different levels of dietary arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n-6) on the expression of genes related to the fish stress response. Copies of mRNA from genes related to steroidogenesis [StAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein), c-Fos, and CYP11β (11β-hydroxylase gene)], glucocorticoid receptor complex [GR (glucocorticoid receptor) and HSP (heat shock proteins) 70 and 90) and antioxidative stress (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase] were quantified. Eighteen day-old larvae were fed for 14 days with three experimental diets with increasing levels of ARA (0.3, 0.6 and 1.2% d.w.) and similar levels of docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) acids (5 and 3%, respectively). The quantification of stress-related genes transcripts was conducted by One-Step TaqMan real time RT-PCR with the standard curve method (absolute quantification). Increase dietary levels of ARA induced a significantly (p < 0.05) down-regulation of genes related to cortisol synthesis, such as StAR and CYP11β and up-regulated genes related to glucocorticoid receptor complex, such as HSP70 and GR. No effects were observed on antioxidant enzymes gene expression. These results revealed the regulatory role of dietary ARA on the expression of stress-related genes in European sea bass larvae.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen YB, Lan YW, Hung TH, Chen LG, Choo KB, Cheng WTK, Lee HS, Chong KY. Mesenchymal stem cell-based HSP70 promoter-driven VEGFA induction by resveratrol promotes angiogenesis in a mouse model. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:643-52. [PMID: 25860916 PMCID: PMC4463926 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies of stem cell-based gene therapy have indicated that long-lasting regeneration following vessel ischemia may be stimulated through VEGFA gene therapy and/or MSC transplantation for reduction of ischemic injury in limb ischemia and heart failure. The therapeutic potential of MSC transplantation can be further improved by genetically modifying MSCs with genes which enhance angiogenesis following ischemic injury. In the present study, we aimed to develop an approach in MSC-based therapy for repair and mitigation of ischemic injury and regeneration of damaged tissues in ischemic disease. HSP70 promoter-driven VEGFA expression was induced by resveratrol (RSV) in MSCs, and in combination with known RSV biological functions, the protective effects of our approach were investigated by using ex vivo aortic ring coculture system and a 3D scaffolds in vivo model. Results of this investigation demonstrated that HSP promoter-driven VEGFA expression in MSC increased approximately 2-fold over the background VEGFA levels upon HSP70 promoter induction by RSV. Exposure of HUVEC cells to medium containing MSC in which VEGFA had been induced by cis-RSV enhanced tube formation in the treated HUVEC cells. RSV-treated MSC cells differentiated into endothelial-like phenotypes, exhibiting markedly elevated expression of endothelial cell markers. These MSCs also induced aortic ring sprouting, characteristic of neovascular formation from pre-existing vessels, and additionally promoted neovascularization at the MSC transplantation site in a mouse model. These observations support a hypothesis that VEGFA expression induced by cis-RSV acting on the HSP70 promoter in transplanted MSC augments the angiogenic effects of stem cell gene therapy. The use of an inducible system also vastly reduces possible clinical risks associated with constitutive VEGFA expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Bin Chen
- />Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Ying-Wei Lan
- />Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Tsai-Hsien Hung
- />Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Lih-Geeng Chen
- />Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Kong-Bung Choo
- />Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Winston TK Cheng
- />Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Hsuan-Shu Lee
- />Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China
- />Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Kowit-Yu Chong
- />Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan Republic of China
- />Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan Republic of China
- />Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan Republic of China
- />Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Escribá PV, Busquets X, Inokuchi JI, Balogh G, Török Z, Horváth I, Harwood JL, Vígh L. Membrane lipid therapy: Modulation of the cell membrane composition and structure as a molecular base for drug discovery and new disease treatment. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 59:38-53. [PMID: 25969421 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays we understand cell membranes not as a simple double lipid layer but as a collection of complex and dynamic protein-lipid structures and microdomains that serve as functional platforms for interacting signaling lipids and proteins. Membrane lipids and lipid structures participate directly as messengers or regulators of signal transduction. In addition, protein-lipid interactions participate in the localization of signaling protein partners to specific membrane microdomains. Thus, lipid alterations change cell signaling that are associated with a variety of diseases including cancer, obesity, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular pathologies, etc. This article reviews the newly emerging field of membrane lipid therapy which involves the pharmacological regulation of membrane lipid composition and structure for the treatment of diseases. Membrane lipid therapy proposes the use of new molecules specifically designed to modify membrane lipid structures and microdomains as pharmaceutical disease-modifying agents by reversing the malfunction or altering the expression of disease-specific protein or lipid signal cascades. Here, we provide an in-depth analysis of this emerging field, especially its molecular bases and its relevance to the development of innovative therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo V Escribá
- Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Xavier Busquets
- Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jin-ichi Inokuchi
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gábor Balogh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Török
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ibolya Horváth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK.
| | - László Vígh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Montero D, Terova G, Rimoldi S, Tort L, Negrin D, Zamorano MJ, Izquierdo M. Modulation of adrenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH)-induced expression of stress-related genes by PUFA in inter-renal cells from European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). J Nutr Sci 2015; 4:e16. [PMID: 26090096 PMCID: PMC4463938 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2015.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fatty acids have been shown to exert a clear effect on the stress response, modulating the release of cortisol. The role of fatty acids on the expression of steroidogenic genes has been described in mammals, but little is known in fish. The effect of different fatty acids on the release of cortisol and expression of stress-related genes of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) head kidney, induced by a pulse of adenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH), was studied. Tissue was maintained in superfusion with 60 min of incubation with EPA, DHA, arachidonic acid (ARA), linoleic acid or α-linolenic acid (ALA) during 490 min. Cortisol was measured by RIA. The quantification of stress-related genes transcripts was conducted by One-Step TaqMan real-time RT-PCR. There was an effect of the type of fatty acid on the ACTH-induced release of cortisol, values from ALA treatment being elevated within all of the experimental period. The expression of some steroidogenic genes, such as the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and c-fos, were affected by fatty acids, ALA increasing the expression of StAR after 1 h of ACTH stimulation whereas DHA, ARA and ALA increased the expression of c-fos after 20 min. ARA increased expression of the 11β-hydroxylase gene. Expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was increased in all the experimental treatments except for ARA. Results corroborate previous studies of the effect of different fatty acids on the release of cortisol in marine fish and demonstrate that those effects are mediated by alteration of the expression of steroidogenic genes.
Collapse
Key Words
- ACTH, adrenocorticotrophin hormone
- ALA, α-linolenic acid
- ARA, arachidonic acid
- Adrenocorticotrophin hormone-induced stress response
- COX, cyclo-oxygenase
- CYP11b, cytochrome P450 11β
- Dicentrarchus labrax
- Fatty acids
- GR, glucocorticoid receptor
- HSP, heat shock protein
- LA, linoleic acid
- LOX, lipo-oxygenase
- Nutritional modulation of steroidogenesis
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PLA2, phospholipase A2
- StAR, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein
- Stress-related gene expression
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Montero
- Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
(ULPGC), Grupo de Investigación en acuicultura (GIA),
Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria
(IUSA), c/ Transmontaña, s/n,
35413, Arucas, Las
Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Genciana Terova
- University of Insubria,
Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Via
Dunant, 3-21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Simona Rimoldi
- University of Insubria,
Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Via
Dunant, 3-21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Lluis Tort
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona,
Department de Biologia Cel.lular, Fisiologia i
immunologia, Edifici M. 08193,
Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès,
Barcelona, Spain
| | - Davinia Negrin
- Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
(ULPGC), Grupo de Investigación en acuicultura (GIA),
Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria
(IUSA), c/ Transmontaña, s/n,
35413, Arucas, Las
Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - María Jesús Zamorano
- Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
(ULPGC), Grupo de Investigación en acuicultura (GIA),
Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria
(IUSA), c/ Transmontaña, s/n,
35413, Arucas, Las
Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Marisol Izquierdo
- Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
(ULPGC), Grupo de Investigación en acuicultura (GIA),
Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria
(IUSA), c/ Transmontaña, s/n,
35413, Arucas, Las
Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The heat shock response (HSR) is an ancient and highly conserved process that is essential for coping with environmental stresses, including extremes of temperature. Fever is a more recently evolved response, during which organisms temporarily subject themselves to thermal stress in the face of infections. We review the phylogenetically conserved mechanisms that regulate fever and discuss the effects that febrile-range temperatures have on multiple biological processes involved in host defense and cell death and survival, including the HSR and its implications for patients with severe sepsis, trauma, and other acute systemic inflammatory states. Heat shock factor-1, a heat-induced transcriptional enhancer is not only the central regulator of the HSR but also regulates expression of pivotal cytokines and early response genes. Febrile-range temperatures exert additional immunomodulatory effects by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades and accelerating apoptosis in some cell types. This results in accelerated pathogen clearance, but increased collateral tissue injury, thus the net effect of exposure to febrile range temperature depends in part on the site and nature of the pathologic process and the specific treatment provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Hasday
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine and the Baltimore V.A. Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fleischman A, Oron Y, Geyer O. COX-2 Inhibition Improves Retinal Function in Rats' Ischemic Eyes. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2014; 30:634-41. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2013.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anat Fleischman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoram Oron
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Orna Geyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Török Z, Crul T, Maresca B, Schütz GJ, Viana F, Dindia L, Piotto S, Brameshuber M, Balogh G, Péter M, Porta A, Trapani A, Gombos I, Glatz A, Gungor B, Peksel B, Vigh L, Csoboz B, Horváth I, Vijayan MM, Hooper PL, Harwood JL, Vigh L. Plasma membranes as heat stress sensors: from lipid-controlled molecular switches to therapeutic applications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1838:1594-618. [PMID: 24374314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The classic heat shock (stress) response (HSR) was originally attributed to protein denaturation. However, heat shock protein (Hsp) induction occurs in many circumstances where no protein denaturation is observed. Recently considerable evidence has been accumulated to the favor of the "Membrane Sensor Hypothesis" which predicts that the level of Hsps can be changed as a result of alterations to the plasma membrane. This is especially pertinent to mild heat shock, such as occurs in fever. In this condition the sensitivity of many transient receptor potential (TRP) channels is particularly notable. Small temperature stresses can modulate TRP gating significantly and this is influenced by lipids. In addition, stress hormones often modify plasma membrane structure and function and thus initiate a cascade of events, which may affect HSR. The major transactivator heat shock factor-1 integrates the signals originating from the plasma membrane and orchestrates the expression of individual heat shock genes. We describe how these observations can be tested at the molecular level, for example, with the use of membrane perturbers and through computational calculations. An important fact which now starts to be addressed is that membranes are not homogeneous nor do all cells react identically. Lipidomics and cell profiling are beginning to address the above two points. Finally, we observe that a deregulated HSR is found in a large number of important diseases where more detailed knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved may offer timely opportunities for clinical interventions and new, innovative drug treatments. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Structure and Function: Relevance in the Cell's Physiology, Pathology and Therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Török
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hung. Acad. Sci., Szeged H-6726, Hungary.
| | - Tim Crul
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hung. Acad. Sci., Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Bruno Maresca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gerhard J Schütz
- Institute of Applied Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Viana
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Laura Dindia
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefano Piotto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mario Brameshuber
- Institute of Applied Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gábor Balogh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hung. Acad. Sci., Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Mária Péter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hung. Acad. Sci., Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Amalia Porta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alfonso Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Imre Gombos
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hung. Acad. Sci., Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Attila Glatz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hung. Acad. Sci., Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Burcin Gungor
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hung. Acad. Sci., Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Begüm Peksel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hung. Acad. Sci., Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - László Vigh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hung. Acad. Sci., Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Bálint Csoboz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hung. Acad. Sci., Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Ibolya Horváth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hung. Acad. Sci., Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Mathilakath M Vijayan
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Phillip L Hooper
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Medical School, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - László Vigh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hung. Acad. Sci., Szeged H-6726, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Calamini B, Morimoto RI. Protein homeostasis as a therapeutic target for diseases of protein conformation. Curr Top Med Chem 2013; 12:2623-40. [PMID: 23339312 DOI: 10.2174/1568026611212220014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation are widely implicated in an increasing number of human diseases providing for new therapeutic opportunities targeting protein homeostasis (proteostasis). The cellular response to proteotoxicity is highly regulated by stress signaling pathways, molecular chaperones, transport and clearance machineries that function as a proteostasis network (PN) to protect the stability and functional properties of the proteome. Consequently, the PN is essential at the cellular and organismal level for development and lifespan. However, when challenged during aging, stress, and disease, the folding and clearance machineries can become compromised leading to both gain-of-function and loss-of-function proteinopathies. Here, we assess the role of small molecules that activate the heat shock response, the unfolded protein response, and clearance mechanisms to increase PN capacity and protect cellular proteostasis against proteotoxicity. We propose that this strategy to enhance cell stress pathways and chaperone activity establishes a cytoprotective state against misfolding and/or aggregation and represents a promising therapeutic avenue to prevent the cellular damage associated with the variety of protein conformational diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Calamini
- Department of Neurobiology and Center for Drug Discovery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
The heat shock response is a highly conserved primitive response that is essential for survival against a wide range of stresses, including extremes of temperature. Fever is a more recently evolved response, during which organisms raise their core body temperature and temporarily subject themselves to thermal stress in the face of infections. The present review documents studies showing the potential overlap between the febrile response and the heat shock response and how both activate the same common transcriptional programme (although with different magnitudes) including the stress-activated transcription factor, heat shock factor-1, to modify host defences in the context of infection, inflammation and injury. The review focuses primarily on how hyperthermia within the febrile range that often accompanies infections and inflammation acts as a biological response modifier and modifies innate immune responses. The characteristic 2-3 °C increase in core body temperature during fever activates and utilises elements of the heat shock response pathway to modify cytokine and chemokine gene expression, cellular signalling and immune cell mobilisation to sites of inflammation, infection and injury. Interestingly, typical proinflammatory agonists such as Toll-like receptor agonists modify the heat shock-induced transcriptional programme and expression of HSP genes following co-exposure to febrile range hyperthermia or heat shock, suggesting a complex reciprocal regulation between the inflammatory pathway and the heat shock response pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishwar S Singh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Balogh G, Péter M, Glatz A, Gombos I, Török Z, Horváth I, Harwood JL, Vígh L. Key role of lipids in heat stress management. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1970-80. [PMID: 23684645 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress is a common and, therefore, an important environmental impact on cells and organisms. While much attention has been paid to severe heat stress, moderate temperature elevations are also important. Here we discuss temperature sensing and how responses to heat stress are not necessarily dependent on denatured proteins. Indeed, it is clear that membrane lipids have a pivotal function. Details of membrane lipid changes and the associated production of signalling metabolites are described and suggestions made as to how the interconnected signalling network could be modified for helpful intervention in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Balogh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Benítez-Dorta V, Caballero MJ, Izquierdo M, Manchado M, Infante C, Zamorano MJ, Montero D. Total substitution of fish oil by vegetable oils in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) diets: effects on fish performance, biochemical composition, and expression of some glucocorticoid receptor-related genes. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:335-349. [PMID: 22955962 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To study the substitution of fish oil by vegetable oils in fish diets, juveniles Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) were fed diets (56 % crude protein, 12 % crude lipid) containing either linseed (100LO) or soybean (100SO) oils in comparison with a 100 % fish oil-based diet (100FO) for 90 days. Samples of muscle, liver, and intestine were collected for biochemical analysis and for glucocorticoid receptor-related genes, including GR1 and GR2, and the associated heat shock proteins HSP70, HSP90AA, and HSP90AB. Besides, basal levels of plasma cortisol were also determined. After the feeding period, a stress test, consisting on 5 min of net chasing, was applied to a selected population of each dietary group. Total replacement of fish oil by vegetable oils did not induced changes in fish growth and performance, but affected fatty acid profile of muscle, liver, and intestine, reflecting those tissues the characteristic fatty acids of each type of dietary oil. A tendency to conserve the ARA/EPA ratio could be observed in the different tissues, despite of the level of these fatty acids in diet. Chasing stress induced an increase of muscle GR1 and a reduction in intestinal GR2 relative expressions at any of the experimental diets assayed. In liver, chasing stress induced an increase in both GR1 and GR2 gene expression in fish fed fish oil diets. Similarly, chasing stress induced an increase of muscle HSP70 and decrease of HSP90AB in liver at any of the experimental diet assayed. Besides, vegetable oils decreased the expression of HSP70 in intestine, being the relative expression of liver HSP90AA increased by the inclusion of linseed oil in the diet, at any of the experimental conditions assayed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Benítez-Dorta
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and ICCM, PO Box 56, 35200 Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Raynes R, Leckey BD, Nguyen K, Westerheide SD. Heat shock and caloric restriction have a synergistic effect on the heat shock response in a sir2.1-dependent manner in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:29045-53. [PMID: 22778258 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.353714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock response (HSR) is responsible for maintaining cellular and organismal health through the regulation of proteostasis. Recent data demonstrating that the mammalian HSR is regulated by SIRT1 suggest that this response may be under metabolic control. To test this hypothesis, we have determined the effect of caloric restriction in Caenorhabditis elegans on activation of the HSR and have found a synergistic effect on the induction of hsp70 gene expression. The homolog of mammalian SIRT1 in C. elegans is Sir2.1. Using a mutated C. elegans strain with a sir2.1 deletion, we show that heat shock and caloric restriction cooperate to promote increased survivability and fitness in a sir2.1-dependent manner. Finally, we show that caloric restriction increases the ability of heat shock to preserve movement in a polyglutamine toxicity neurodegenerative disease model and that this effect is dependent on sir2.1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Raynes
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Péter M, Balogh G, Gombos I, Liebisch G, Horváth I, Török Z, Nagy E, Maslyanko A, Benkő S, Schmitz G, Harwood JL, Vígh L. Nutritional lipid supply can control the heat shock response of B16 melanoma cells in culture. Mol Membr Biol 2012; 29:274-89. [PMID: 22583025 DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2012.680203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro culture of cells offers an extremely valuable method for probing biochemical questions and many commonly-used protocols are available. For mammalian cells a source of lipid is usually provided in the serum component. In this study we examined the question as to whether the nature of the lipid could become limiting at high cell densities and, therefore, prospectively influence the metabolism and physiology of the cells themselves. When B16 mouse melanoma cells were cultured, we noted a marked decrease in the proportions of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with increasing cell density. This was despite considerable quantities of these PUFAs still remaining in the culture medium and seemed to reflect the preferential uptake of unesterified PUFA rather than other lipid classes from the media. The reduction in B16 total PUFA was reflected in changes in about 70% of the molecular species of membrane phosphoglycerides which were analysed by mass spectrometry. The importance of this finding lies in the need for n-3 and n-6 PUFA in mammalian cells (which cannot synthesize their own). Although the cholesterol content of cells was unchanged the amount of cholesterol enrichment in membrane rafts (as assessed by fluorescence) was severely decreased, simultaneous with a reduced heat shock response following exposure to 42°C. These data emphasize the pivotal role of nutrient supply (in this case for PUFAs) in modifying responses to stress and highlight the need for the careful control of culture conditions when assessing cellular responses in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mária Péter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kopczyńska B, Sulejczak D, Wełniak-Kamińska M, Gietka A, Grieb P. Anandamide enhances expression of heat shock proteins Hsp70 and Hsp25 in rat lungs. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 668:257-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
21
|
Nitroalkylation--a redox sensitive signaling pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1820:777-84. [PMID: 21723375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Redox-sensitive posttranslational modification emerged as important signaling mechanisms. Besides other posttranslational modifications nitroalkylation by nitrated fatty acids mediate favorable anti-inflammatory effects. This review gives an overview of the generation and the reactivity of nitrated fatty acids. Additionally, it provides insights into the so far described pathways regulated by nitrated fatty acids. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Regulation of Cellular Processes by S-nitrosylation.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ohtsuka K, Kawashima D, Gu Y, Saito K. Inducers and co-inducers of molecular chaperones. Int J Hyperthermia 2011; 21:703-11. [PMID: 16338852 DOI: 10.1080/02656730500384248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular chaperones, which are mostly heat- or stress-induced proteins (HSPs), not only regulate various cellular functions such as protein folding, refolding of partially denatured proteins, protein transport across membranes, cytoskeletal organization, degradation of disabled proteins, and apoptosis, but also act as cytoprotective factors against deleterious environmental stresses. Recent studies indicated that moderate overexpression of molecular chaperones could confer cells and tissues stress tolerance and provide beneficial effects on various pathological states associated with protein misfolding and protein aggregation. Mild heat shock, transfection of HSP genes, and some chemical compounds are the major means of overexpression of molecular chaperones. In this review, we summarize recent studies of chemical compounds that could induce or enhance the expression of molecular chaperones or HSPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Cell and Stress Biology, Department of Environmental Biology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Maity TK, Henry MM, Tulapurkar ME, Shah NG, Hasday JD, Singh IS. Distinct, gene-specific effect of heat shock on heat shock factor-1 recruitment and gene expression of CXC chemokine genes. Cytokine 2011; 54:61-7. [PMID: 21266308 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock (HS) response, a phylogenetically conserved ubiquitous response to stress, is generally characterized by the induced expression of heat shock protein (HSP) genes. Our earlier studies showed that the stress-activated transcription factor, heat shock factor-1 (HSF1), activated at febrile range or HS temperatures also modified expression of non-HSP genes including cytokine and chemokine genes. We also showed by in silico analysis that 28 among 29 human and mouse CXC chemokine genes had multiple putative heat shock response elements (HSEs) present in their gene promoters. To further determine whether these potential HSEs were functional and bound HSF1, we analyzed the recruitment of HSF1 to promoters of 5 human CXC chemokine genes (CXCL-1, 2, 3, 5 and 8) by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and analyzed the effect of HS exposure on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-induced expression of these genes in human lung epithelial-like A549 cells. HSF1 ChIP analysis showed that HSF1 was recruited to all but one of these CXC chemokine genes (CXCL-3) and HS caused a significant increase in recruitment of HSF1 to one or multiple HSEs present in the promoters of CXCL-1, 2, 5 and 8 genes. However, the effect of HS exposure on expression of these genes showed a variable gene-specific effect. For example, CXCL8 expression was markedly enhanced (p<0.05) whereas CXCL5 expression was significantly repressed (p<0.05) in cells exposed to HS coincident with TNFα stimulation. In contrast, expression of CXCL1 and CXCL2, despite HSF1 recruitment to their promoters, was not affected by HS exposure. Our results indicate that some, if not all, putative HSEs present in the CXC chemokine gene promoters are functional and recruit HSF1 in vivo but the effects on gene expression are variable and gene specific. We speculate, the physical proximity and interactions of other transcription factors and co-regulators with HSF1 could be critical to determining the effects of HS on the expression of these genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K Maity
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kikis EA, Gidalevitz T, Morimoto RI. Protein homeostasis in models of aging and age-related conformational disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 694:138-59. [PMID: 20886762 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7002-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The stability of the proteome is crucial to the health of the cell, and contributes significantly to the lifespan of the organism. Aging and many age-related diseases have in common the expression of misfolded and damaged proteins. The chronic expression of damaged proteins during disease can have devastating consequences on protein homeostasis (proteostasis), resulting in disruption ofnumerous biological processes. This chapter discusses our current understanding of the various contributors to protein misfolding, and the mechanisms by which misfolding, and accompanied aggregation/toxicity, is accelerated by stress and aging. Invertebrate models have been instrumental in studying the processes related to aggregation and toxicity of disease-associated proteins and how dysregulation ofproteostasis leads to neurodegenerative diseases of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise A Kikis
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, 2205 Tech Drive, Hogan 2-100, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Celastrol can inhibit proteasome activity and upregulate the expression of heat shock protein genes, hsp30 and hsp70, in Xenopus laevis A6 cells. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2010; 156:285-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
26
|
Balogh G, Péter M, Liebisch G, Horváth I, Török Z, Nagy E, Maslyanko A, Benko S, Schmitz G, Harwood JL, Vígh L. Lipidomics reveals membrane lipid remodelling and release of potential lipid mediators during early stress responses in a murine melanoma cell line. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2010; 1801:1036-47. [PMID: 20430110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Membranes are known to respond rapidly to various environmental perturbations by changing their composition and microdomain organization. In previous work we showed that a membrane fluidizer benzyl alcohol (BA) could mimic the effects of heat stress and enhance heat shock protein synthesis in different mammalian cells. Here we explore heat- and BA-induced stress further by characterizing stress-induced membrane lipid changes in mouse melanoma B16 cells. Lipidomic fingerprints revealed that membrane stress achieved either by heat or BA resulted in pronounced and highly specific alterations in lipid metabolism. The loss in polyenes with the concomitant increase in saturated lipid species was shown to be a consequence of the activation of phopholipases (mainly phopholipase A(2) and C). A phospholipase C-diacylglycerol lipase-monoacylglycerol lipase pathway was identified in B16 cells and contributed significantly to the production of several lipid mediators upon stress including the potent heat shock modulator, arachidonic acid. The accumulation of cholesterol, ceramide and saturated phosphoglyceride species with raft-forming properties observed upon both heat and BA treatments of B16 cells may explain the condensation of ordered plasma membrane domains previously detected by fluorescence microscopy and may serve as a signalling platform in stress responses or as a primary defence mechanism against the noxious effects of stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Balogh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shah NG, Tulapurkar ME, Singh IS, Shelhamer JH, Cowan MJ, Hasday JD. Prostaglandin E2 potentiates heat shock-induced heat shock protein 72 expression in A549 cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2010; 93:1-7. [PMID: 20382255 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock (HS) response is an important cytoprotective response comprising the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and orchestrated by the heat/stress-induced transcription factor, heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1). Previous studies suggest that the activation threshold and magnitude of the HS response may be modified by treatment with arachidonic acid (AA). We analyzed the effect of exogenous AA and its metabolites, PGE(2), LTD(4), and 15-HETE on HSF-1-dependent gene expression in A549 human respiratory epithelial-like cells. When added at 1microM, PGE(2) much more than LTD(4), but not 15-HETE increased activity of a synthetic HSF-1-dependent reporter after HS exposure (42 degrees C for 2h), but had no effect in the absence of HS. Exposing A549 cells to HS stimulated the release of PGE(2) and treatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, ibuprofen, reduced HS-induced HSF-1-dependent transcription. PGE(2) increased HS-induced HSP72 mRNA and protein expression but EMSA and Western blot analysis failed to show an effect on HSF-1 DNA binding activity or post-translational modification. In summary, we showed that HS stimulates the generation of PGE(2), which augments the generation of HSPs. The clinical consequences of this pathway have yet to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirav G Shah
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tulapurkar ME, Asiegbu BE, Singh IS, Hasday JD. Hyperthermia in the febrile range induces HSP72 expression proportional to exposure temperature but not to HSF-1 DNA-binding activity in human lung epithelial A549 cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2009; 14:499-508. [PMID: 19221897 PMCID: PMC2728283 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-009-0103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Revised: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) is classically activated at temperatures above the physiologic range (>or=42 degrees C) via activation of the stress-activated transcription factor, heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1). Several studies suggest that less extreme hyperthermia, especially within the febrile range, as occurs during fever and exertional/environmental hyperthemia, can also activate HSF-1 and enhance HSP expression. We compared HSP72 protein and mRNA expression in human A549 lung epithelial cells continuously exposed to 38.5 degrees C, 39.5 degrees C, or 41 degrees C or exposed to a classic heat shock (42 degrees C for 2 h). We found that expression of HSP72 protein and mRNA increased linearly as incubation temperature was increased from 37 degrees C to 41 degrees C, but increased abruptly when the incubation temperature was raised to 42 degrees C. A similar response in luciferase activity was observed using A549 cells stably transfected with an HSF-1-responsive luciferase reporter plasmid. However, activation of intranuclear HSF-1 DNA-binding activity was comparable at 38.5 degrees C, 39.5 degrees C, and 41 degrees C and only modestly greater at 42 degrees C but the mobility of HSF1 protein on a denaturing gel was altered with increasing exposure temperature and was distinctly different at 42 degrees C. These findings indicate that the proportional changes in HSF-1-dependent HSP72 expression at febrile-range temperatures are dependent upon exposure time and temperature but not on the degree of HSF-1 DNA-binding activity. Instead, HSF-1-mediated HSP expression following hyperthermia and heat shock appears to be mediated, in addition to HSF-1 activation, by posttranslational modifications of HSF-1 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohan E. Tulapurkar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Benedict E. Asiegbu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Ishwar S. Singh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Mucosal Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Research Services, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Hasday
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Mucosal Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Research Services, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD USA
- Health Science Facility-II, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Rm. 327, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Singh IS, Shah NG, Almutairy E, Hasday JD. Role of HSF1 in Infectious Disease. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2976-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
30
|
Involvement of PPARα in the growth inhibitory effect of arachidonic acid on breast cancer cells. Br J Nutr 2008; 100:739-50. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508942161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that dietary PUFA may influence breast cancer progression.n-3 PUFA are generally known to exert antitumour effects, whereas reports relative ton-6 PUFA anti-carcinogen effects are controversial. Arachidonic acid (AA; 20 : 4n − 6) and its metabolites have been shown to inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cell lines, even if the downstream mechanisms by which AA may influence carcinogenesis remain unresolved. We explored the molecular basis for AA influence on proliferation, signal transduction and apoptosis in two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. In both cell lines AA inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, even if MDA-MB-231 was somewhat more growth-inhibited than MCF-7. AA decreased extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 phosphorylation level, and positively modulated PPARγ and PPARα expression, with only a slight effect against PPARβ/δ. In addition, AA increased Bak (an apoptosis-regulating protein) expression and reduced procaspase-3 and -9 levels only in MDA-MB-231 cells, thus indicating that the growth inhibitory effect can be correlated with apoptosis induction. In both cell lines the use of a specific antagonist made it possible to establish a relationship between AA growth inhibitory effect and PPARα involvement. AA decreases cell proliferation most likely by inducing apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells, while in the MCF-7 cell line the growth inhibitory activity can be attributed to the inhibition of the signal transduction pathway involved in cell proliferation. In both cases, the results here presented suggest PPARα as a possible contributor to the growth inhibitory effect of AA.
Collapse
|
31
|
Wong CG, Rasmussen RE, Bonakdar M. Lack of Elevation of Stress-Inducible Heat-Shock Protein 70 in the Ferret Lung After Chronic Cigarette Smoke Inhalation. Inhal Toxicol 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/08958379509012811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
32
|
Morimoto RI. Proteotoxic stress and inducible chaperone networks in neurodegenerative disease and aging. Genes Dev 2008; 22:1427-38. [PMID: 18519635 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1657108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 666] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The long-term health of the cell is inextricably linked to protein quality control. Under optimal conditions this is accomplished by protein homeostasis, a highly complex network of molecular interactions that balances protein biosynthesis, folding, translocation, assembly/disassembly, and clearance. This review will examine the consequences of an imbalance in homeostasis on the flux of misfolded proteins that, if unattended, can result in severe molecular damage to the cell. Adaptation and survival requires the ability to sense damaged proteins and to coordinate the activities of protective stress response pathways and chaperone networks. Yet, despite the abundance and apparent capacity of chaperones and other components of homeostasis to restore folding equilibrium, the cell appears poorly adapted for chronic proteotoxic stress when conformationally challenged aggregation-prone proteins are expressed in cancer, metabolic disease, and neurodegenerative disease. The decline in biosynthetic and repair activities that compromises the integrity of the proteome is influenced strongly by genes that control aging, thus linking stress and protein homeostasis with the health and life span of the organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard I Morimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mayer RJ, Marshall LA. Section Review: Pulmonary-Allergy, Dermatological, Gastrointestinal & Arthritis: Therapeutic regulation of 14 kDa phospholipase A2(s). Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.5.5.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
34
|
Su S, Snieder H, Miller AH, Ritchie J, Bremner JD, Goldberg J, Dai J, Jones L, Murrah NV, Zhao J, Vaccarino V. Genetic and environmental influences on systemic markers of inflammation in middle-aged male twins. Atherosclerosis 2008; 200:213-20. [PMID: 18243214 PMCID: PMC2599923 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to determine the relative influence of genetic and environmental contributions to inflammatory biomarkers, and to what extent correlations among these markers are due to genetic or environmental factors. METHODS We performed univariate and multivariate genetic analyses of four inflammatory markers: interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen, in 166 (88 monozygotic and 78 dizygotic) middle-aged male twin pairs. RESULTS The mean age (+/-S.D.) of the twins was 54 (+/-2.93) years. Heritability was substantial for CRP (0.61, 95% CI: 0.47-0.72) and moderate to fair for IL-6 (0.31, 0.13-0.46), sIL-6R (0.49, 0.30-0.76) and fibrinogen (0.52, 0.34-0.65). IL-6, CRP and fibrinogen showed significant correlations, but not with sIL-6R. Multivariate genetic analysis found that these correlations could be best explained by a common pathway model, where the common factor explained 27%, 73% and 25% of the variance of IL-6, CRP and fibrinogen, respectively. About 46% (95% CI: 21-64%) of the correlations among the three inflammatory markers could be explained by the genetic factors. After adjusting for covariates known to influence inflammation levels, heritability estimates were slightly decreased but the overall results remained similar. CONCLUSIONS A significant part of the variation in inflammatory marker levels is due to genetic influences. Furthermore, almost 50% of the shared variance among these biomarkers is due to a common genetic factor which likely plays a key role in the regulation of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyong Su
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30306, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lei XY, Zhang S, Bohrer A, Bao S, Song H, Ramanadham S. The group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 participates in ER stress-induced INS-1 insulinoma cell apoptosis by promoting ceramide generation via hydrolysis of sphingomyelins by neutral sphingomyelinase. Biochemistry 2007; 46:10170-85. [PMID: 17685585 PMCID: PMC2530898 DOI: 10.1021/bi700017z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Beta-cell mass is regulated by a balance between beta-cell growth and beta-cell death, due to apoptosis. We previously reported that apoptosis of INS-1 insulinoma cells due to thapsigargin-induced ER stress was suppressed by inhibition of the group VIA Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2beta), associated with an increased level of ceramide generation, and that the effects of ER stress were amplified in INS-1 cells in which iPLA2beta was overexpressed (OE INS-1 cells). These findings suggested that iPLA2beta and ceramides participate in ER stress-induced INS-1 cell apoptosis. Here, we address this possibility and also the source of the ceramides by examining the effects of ER stress in empty vector (V)-transfected and iPLA2beta-OE INS-1 cells using apoptosis assays and immunoblotting, quantitative PCR, and mass spectrometry analyses. ER stress induced expression of ER stress factors GRP78 and CHOP, cleavage of apoptotic factor PARP, and apoptosis in V and OE INS-1 cells. Accumulation of ceramide during ER stress was not associated with changes in mRNA levels of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo synthesis of ceramides, but both message and protein levels of neutral sphingomyelinase (NSMase), which hydrolyzes sphingomyelins to generate ceramides, were temporally increased in the INS-1 cells. The increases in the level of NSMase expression in the ER-stressed INS-1 cells were associated with corresponding temporal elevations in ER-associated iPLA2beta protein and catalytic activity. Pretreatment with BEL inactivated iPLA2beta and prevented induction of NSMase message and protein in ER-stressed INS-1 cells. Relative to that in V INS-1 cells, the effects of ER stress were accelerated and/or amplified in the OE INS-1 cells. However, inhibition of iPLA2beta or NSMase (chemically or with siRNA) suppressed induction of NSMase message, ceramide generation, sphingomyelin hydrolysis, and apoptosis in both V and OE INS-1 cells during ER stress. In contrast, inhibition of SPT did not suppress ceramide generation or apoptosis in either V or OE INS-1 cells. These findings indicate that iPLA2beta activation participates in ER stress-induced INS-1 cell apoptosis by promoting ceramide generation via NSMase-catalyzed hydrolysis of sphingomyelins, raising the possibility that this pathway contributes to beta-cell apoptosis due to ER stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- *Address correspondence to: Sasanka Ramanadham, Dept. Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8127, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110; telephone 314-362-8194; FAX 314-362-7641; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Xu XH, Hua YN, Zhang HL, Wu JC, Miao YZ, Han R, Gu ZL, Qin ZH. Greater stress protein expression enhanced by combined prostaglandin A1 and lithium in a rat model of focal ischemia. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2007; 28:1097-104. [PMID: 17640469 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2007.00624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of lithium (Li) and prostaglandin A1 (PGA1) on the expression of heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1), heat shock proteins (HSP), and apoptosis protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) induced by permanent focal ischemia in rats. METHODS The rats were pretreated with a subcutaneous (sc) injection of Li for 2 d or a single intracerebral ventricle (icv) administration of PGA1 for 15 min before ischemic insult, or a combination of Li (sc, 1 mEq/kg, 2 d) and PGA1 (icv, 15 min prior to ischemic insult). Brain ischemia was induced by the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Twenty-four hours after the occlusion, the expression of HSF-1, HSP, and Apaf-1 in the ischemic striatum were examined with Western blot analysis. RESULTS The expression of HSF-1, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), HSP90alpha, and Apaf-1 were significantly increased, but the expression of HSP90beta was significantly decreased 24 h after the pMCAO. PGA1 and Li and their combination significantly enhanced the ischemia-induced elevation in the levels of HSF-1, HO-1, and HSP90alpha, and recovered HSP90beta expression, but decreased Apaf-1 levels in the ischemic striatum. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that PGA1 and Li have synergistic effects on the enhancement of the expression of HSP, suggesting that the synergistic effects of PGA1 and Li in the rat model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia may be mediated by the enhancement expression of HSP expression and the downregulation of Apaf-1. Our studies suggest that combined PGA1 and Li may have potential clinical value for the treatment of stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-hui Xu
- Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Disease, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Huber LC, Jüngel A, Distler JHW, Moritz F, Gay RE, Michel BA, Pisetsky DS, Gay S, Distler O. The role of membrane lipids in the induction of macrophage apoptosis by microparticles. Apoptosis 2007; 12:363-74. [PMID: 17191114 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-006-0622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Microparticles are membrane-derived vesicles that are released from cells during activation or cell death. These particles can serve as mediators of intercellular cross-talk and induce a variety of cellular responses. Previous studies have shown that macrophages undergo apoptosis after phagocytosing microparticles. Here, we have addressed the hypothesis that microparticles trigger this process via lipid pathways. In these experiments, microparticles induced apoptosis in primary macrophage cells or cell lines (RAW 264.7 or U937) with up to a 5-fold increase. Preincubation of macrophages with phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)BP) reduced the microparticle-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. PtdIns(3,5)BP is a specific inhibitor of the acid sphingomyelinase and thus can block the generation of pro-apoptotic ceramides. Similarly, the pre-incubation of macrophages with PtdIns(3,5)BP prevented microparticle-induced upregulation of caspase 8, which is a major target molecule of ceramide action in the apoptosis pathway. PtdIns(3,5)BP, however, had no effect on the spontaneous rate of apoptosis. To evaluate further signaling pathways induced by microparticles, the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK-) 1 was investigated. This kinase plays a role in activating phospholipases A2 which cleaves membrane phospholipids into arachidonic acid; microparticles have been suggested to be a preferred substrate for phospholipases A2. As shown in our experiments, microparticles strongly increased the amount of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in RAW 264.7 macrophages in a time-dependent manner, peaking 15 min after co-incubation. Addition of PD98059, a specific inhibitor of ERK1, prevented the increase in apoptosis of RAW 264.7 macrophages. Together, these data suggest that microparticles perturb lipid homeostasis of macrophages and thereby induce apoptosis. These results emphasize the importance of biolipids in the cellular cross-talk of immune cells. Based on the fact that in clinical situations with excessive cell death such as malignancies, autoimmune diseases and following chemotherapies high levels of circulating microparticles might modulate phagocytosing cells, a suppression of the immune response might occur due to loss of macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars C Huber
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 23, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The heat shock (HS) response is a generalized stress response that is characterized by the induced synthesis of a family of proteins referred to as heat shock proteins (HSPs). These proteins protect cells from a myriad of stressful insults in part by functioning as chaperones for denatured proteins. Increasing evidence suggests that the stress response is not limited to the HSP family of genes, but includes numerous other genes that are regulated by HS through the activation of the stress-activated transcription factor, heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1). Based on observations from our own in vivo hyperthermia models, we hypothesized that the CXC chemokine family of neutrophil activators and chemoattractants might be a previously unrecognized class of HS-responsive genes. Analysis of the promoters of the CXC family of chemokines in both human and mouse showed that they share a common promoter organization in which multiple copies of the HSF-1 binding sequence (heat shock response element, HRE) are present in the 5'-upstream flanking region of each of these genes. We have reviewed previous work from our own laboratory and others demonstrating a strong correlation between activation of HSPs and generation of CXC chemokines. Although rigorous experimental evidence is still required to support this hypothesis, this strong and consistent correlation between expression of HSPs and CXC chemokines in vivo and in vitro model systems suggests that the putative HREs present in the CXC chemokine genes are functionally active. We speculate that the activation of the HS response during febrile range hyperthermia, inflammation, infection and injury directly enhances expression of the CXC chemokines, thereby augmenting neutrophil delivery to sites of infection and injury during febrile illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Nagarsekar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gong Z, Yang J, Yang M, Wang F, Wei Q, Tanguay RM, Wu T. Benzo(a)pyrene inhibits expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 in vascular endothelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2006; 166:229-36. [PMID: 16962263 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.07.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Revised: 07/15/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant known to cause many diseases including atherosclerosis, induces a dose-dependent reduction in the levels of the inducible Hsp70. To explore the mechanism underlying the reduction of Hsp70, we measured the levels of Hsp70, cytoplasmic and nuclear heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) in porcine aortic endothelial cells using Western blot, and then further characterized the binding ability of HSF1 and heat shock element (HSE) by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. We found that when porcine aortic endothelial cells were treated by 0.1-10 microM of BaP for 24 h, there was a significant reduction of Hsp70, cytoplasmic and nuclear HSF1 and the binding rate of HSF1 and HSE at 5, 10 microM of BaP but less effective at lower concentrations. The effect of BaP on the Hsp70 expression level was markedly attenuated by co-treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), an activator of protein kinase C (PKC). Staurosporine (STP), an inhibitor of PKC, blocked the effect of PMA treatment in combination with BaP. These results suggest that BaP might inhibit Hsp70 levels by reducing the expression of HSF1 and decreasing binding of HSF1 and HSE via PKC-dependent signaling pathways that might be involved in the regulation of Hsp70 gene expression under BaP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Gong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Carr VM. Induced and constitutive heat shock protein expression in the olfactory system—A review, new findings, and some perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 34:269-93. [PMID: 16841168 DOI: 10.1007/s11068-005-8358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2005] [Revised: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock, or stress, proteins (HSPs) are cellular proteins induced in response to conditions that cause protein denaturation, and their induction is essential for survival of such conditions. In the olfactory system we have found intense HSP expression occurs during normal processing of environmental odorants/inhalants as well as following hyperthermia and drug exposure. The HSPs involved include ubiquitin, HSP70, HSC70, and HSP25. Responses are both cell type- and stress-specific, occurring primarily in olfactory supporting cells and to some extent in Bowman's gland acinar cells. Responses to these stresses are not seen in olfactory sensory neurons. This article reviews those studies and the significance of their findings. It also discusses a distinct subpopulation of rat olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), the 2A4(+)OSNs, found to be constitutively reactive with HSP70, the predominantly stress-inducible isoform of the 70 kD HSP family. Their high HSP70 expression appears to confer on the 2A4(+)OSNs an enhanced ability to survive damage-induced OSN turnover. New findings are also presented on HSP25-specific changes following olfactory bulbectomy. All data are discussed in the context of the overall olfactory and bioprotective functions of the olfactory mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia McMillan Carr
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
SREEDHAR AMERES. Hyperthermia and Pharmacological Intervention of Heat Shock Proteins in Anticancer Treatments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3191/thermalmedicine.22.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
42
|
Sõti C, Nagy E, Giricz Z, Vígh L, Csermely P, Ferdinandy P. Heat shock proteins as emerging therapeutic targets. Br J Pharmacol 2005; 146:769-80. [PMID: 16170327 PMCID: PMC1751210 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Revised: 08/03/2005] [Accepted: 08/15/2005] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperones (stress proteins) are essential proteins to help the formation and maintenance of the proper conformation of other proteins and to promote cell survival after a large variety of environmental stresses. Therefore, normal chaperone function is a key factor for endogenous stress adaptation of several tissues. However, altered chaperone function has been associated with the development of several diseases; therefore, modulators of chaperone activities became a new and emerging field of drug development. Inhibition of the 90 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp)90 recently emerged as a very promising tool to combat various forms of cancer. On the other hand, the induction of the 70 kDa Hsp70 has been proved to be an efficient help in the recovery from a large number of diseases, such as, for example, ischemic heart disease, diabetes and neurodegeneration. Development of membrane-interacting drugs to modify specific membrane domains, thereby modulating heat shock response, may be of considerable therapeutic benefit as well. In this review, we give an overview of the therapeutic approaches and list some of the key questions of drug development in this novel and promising therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Sõti
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikõ Nagy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dom ter 9, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - László Vígh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Csermely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dom ter 9, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Westerheide SD, Morimoto RI. Heat shock response modulators as therapeutic tools for diseases of protein conformation. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:33097-100. [PMID: 16076838 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r500010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The disruption of protein folding quality control results in the accumulation of a non-native protein species that can form oligomers, aggregates, and inclusions indicative of neurodegenerative disease. Likewise for over 100 other human diseases of protein confirmation, a common feature may be the formation of off-pathway folding intermediates that are unstable, self-associate, and with time lead to a chronic imbalance in protein homeostasis with deleterious consequences on cellular function. This has led to a hypothesis that enhancement of components of the cellular quality control machinery, specifically the levels and activities of molecular chaperones, suppress aggregation and toxicity phenotypes to allow cellular function to be restored. This review addresses the regulation of molecular chaperones and components of protein homeostasis by heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), the master stress-inducible regulator, and our current understanding of pharmacologically active small molecule regulators of the heat shock response as a therapeutic strategy for protein conformational diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandy D Westerheide
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rice P, Martin E, He JR, Frank M, DeTolla L, Hester L, O'Neill T, Manka C, Benjamin I, Nagarsekar A, Singh I, Hasday JD. Febrile-range hyperthermia augments neutrophil accumulation and enhances lung injury in experimental gram-negative bacterial pneumonia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:3676-85. [PMID: 15749906 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.6.3676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that exposure to febrile-range hyperthermia (FRH) accelerates pathogen clearance and increases survival in murine experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae peritonitis. However, FRH accelerates lethal lung injury in a mouse model of pulmonary oxygen toxicity, suggesting that the lung may be particularly susceptible to injurious effects of FRH. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that, in contrast with the salutary effect of FRH in Gram-negative peritonitis, FRH would be detrimental in multilobar Gram-negative pneumonia. Using a conscious, temperature-clamped mouse model and intratracheal inoculation with K. pneumoniae Caroli strain, we showed that FRH tended to reduce survival despite reducing the 3 day-postinoculation pulmonary pathogen burden by 400-fold. We showed that antibiotic treatment rescued the euthermic mice, but did not reduce lethality in the FRH mice. Using an intratracheal bacterial endotoxin LPS challenge model, we found that the reduced survival in FRH-treated mice was accompanied by increased pulmonary vascular endothelial injury, enhanced pulmonary accumulation of neutrophils, increased levels of IL-1beta, MIP-2/CXCL213, GM-CSF, and KC/CXCL1 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and bronchiolar epithelial necrosis. These results suggest that FRH enhances innate host defense against infection, in part, by augmenting polymorphonuclear cell delivery to the site of infection. The ultimate effect of FRH is determined by the balance between accelerated pathogen clearance and collateral tissue injury, which is determined, in part, by the site of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Rice
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ishihara K, Yamagishi N, Hatayama T. Suppression of heat- and polyglutamine-induced cytotoxicity by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 271:4552-8. [PMID: 15560796 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that sodium salicylate activates the heat shock promoter and induces the expression of heat shock proteins (hsps), with a concomitant increase in the thermotolerance of cells. To determine whether these effects are generally displayed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), we examined the effects of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, and a lipoxygenase inhibitor, nordihydroguaiaretic acid. Both inhibitors up-regulated the hsp promoter at 37 degrees C through the activation of heat shock factors, and increased cellular levels of hsps in mammalian cells, although the degree of the expression of hsps and thermotolerance of cells differed depending on the drugs. Furthermore, NSAIDs such as sodium salicylate and indomethacin suppressed the protein aggregation and apoptosis caused by an expanded polyglutamine tract in a cellular model of polyglutamine disease. These findings suggest that NSAIDs generally induce the expression of hsps in mammalian cells and may be used for the protection of cells against deleterious stressors and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Ishihara
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cippitelli M, Fionda C, Di Bona D, Piccoli M, Frati L, Santoni A. Hyperthermia enhances CD95-ligand gene expression in T lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:223-32. [PMID: 15611244 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.1.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthermia represents an interesting therapeutic strategy for the treatment of tumors. Moreover, it is able to regulate several aspects of the immune response. Fas (APO-1/CD95) and its ligand (FasL) are cell surface proteins whose interaction activates apoptosis of Fas-expressing targets. In T cells, the Fas-Fas-L system regulates activation-induced cell death, is implicated in diseases in which lymphocyte homeostasis is compromised, and plays an important role during cytotoxic and regulatory actions mediated by these cells. In this study we describe the effect of hyperthermia on activation of the fas-L gene in T lymphocytes. We show that hyperthermic treatment enhances Fas-L-mediated cytotoxicity, fas-L mRNA expression, and fas-L promoter activity in activated T cell lines. Our data indicate that hyperthermia enhances the transcriptional activity of AP-1 and NF-kappaB in activated T cells, and this correlates with an increased expression/nuclear translocation of these transcription factors. Moreover, we found that heat shock factor-1 is a transactivator of fas-L promoter in activated T cells, and the overexpression of a dominant negative form of heat shock factor-1 may attenuate the effect of hyperthermia on fas-L promoter activity. Furthermore, overexpression of dominant negative mutants of protein kinase Cepsilon (PKCepsilon) and PKCtheta; partially inhibited the promoter activation and, more importantly, could significantly reduce the enhancement mediated by hyperthermia, indicating that modulation of PKC activity may play an important role in this regulation. These results add novel information on the immunomodulatory action of heat, in particular in the context of its possible use as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy to consider for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cippitelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University La Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Westerheide SD, Bosman JD, Mbadugha BNA, Kawahara TLA, Matsumoto G, Kim S, Gu W, Devlin JP, Silverman RB, Morimoto RI. Celastrols as inducers of the heat shock response and cytoprotection. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:56053-60. [PMID: 15509580 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409267200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in protein folding and the regulation of conformational states have become increasingly important to the functionality of key molecules in signaling, cell growth, and cell death. Molecular chaperones, because of their properties in protein quality control, afford conformational flexibility to proteins and serve to integrate stress-signaling events that influence aging and a range of diseases including cancer, cystic fibrosis, amyloidoses, and neurodegenerative diseases. We describe here characteristics of celastrol, a quinone methide triterpene and an active component from Chinese herbal medicine identified in a screen of bioactive small molecules that activates the human heat shock response. From a structure/function examination, the celastrol structure is remarkably specific and activates heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) with kinetics similar to those of heat stress, as determined by the induction of HSF1 DNA binding, hyperphosphorylation of HSF1, and expression of chaperone genes. Celastrol can activate heat shock gene transcription synergistically with other stresses and exhibits cytoprotection against subsequent exposures to other forms of lethal cell stress. These results suggest that celastrols exhibit promise as a new class of pharmacologically active regulators of the heat shock response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandy D Westerheide
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Peltekova VD, Wintle RF, Rubin LA, Amos CI, Huang Q, Gu X, Newman B, Van Oene M, Cescon D, Greenberg G, Griffiths AM, St George-Hyslop PH, Siminovitch KA. Functional variants of OCTN cation transporter genes are associated with Crohn disease. Nat Genet 2004; 36:471-5. [PMID: 15107849 DOI: 10.1038/ng1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 551] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2004] [Accepted: 02/25/2004] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Crohn disease is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. A locus of approximately 250 kb at 5q31 (IBD5) was previously associated with susceptibility to Crohn disease, as indicated by increased prevalence of a risk haplotype of 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms among individuals with Crohn disease, but the pathogenic lesion in the region has not yet been identified. We report here that two variants in the organic cation transporter cluster at 5q31 (a missense substitution in SLC22A4 and a G-->C transversion in the SLC22A5 promoter) form a haplotype associated with susceptibility to Crohn disease. These variants alter transcription and transporter functions of the organic cation transporters and interact with variants in another gene associated with Crohn disease, CARD15, to increase risk of Crohn disease. These results suggest that SLC22A4, SLC22A5 and CARD15 act in a common pathogenic pathway to cause Crohn disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanya D Peltekova
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, and Department of Immunology, Mount Sinai Hospital Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Febrile-range hyperthermia augments pulmonary neutrophil recruitment and amplifies pulmonary oxygen toxicity. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2003; 162:2005-17. [PMID: 12759256 PMCID: PMC1868125 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Febrile-range hyperthermia (FRH) improves survival in experimental infections by accelerating pathogen clearance, but may also increase collateral tissue injury. We hypothesized that FRH would worsen the outcome of inflammation stimulated by a non-replicating agonist and tested this hypothesis in a murine model of pulmonary oxygen toxicity. Using a conscious, temperature-controlled mouse model, we showed that maintaining a core temperature at FRH (39 degrees C to 40 degrees C) rather than at euthermic levels (36.5 degrees C to 37 degrees C) during hyperoxia exposure accelerated lethal pulmonary vascular endothelial injury, reduced the inspired oxygen threshold for lethality, induced expression of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, and expanded the circulating neutrophil pool. In these same mice, FRH augmented pulmonary expression of the ELR(+) CXC chemokines, KC and LPS-induced CXC chemokine, enhanced recruitment of neutrophils, and changed the histological pattern of lung injury to a neutrophilic interstitial pneumonitis. Immunoblockade of CXC receptor-2 abrogated neutrophil recruitment, reduced pulmonary vascular injury, and delayed death. These combined data demonstrate that FRH may enlist distinct mediators and effector cells to profoundly shift the host response to a defined injurious stimulus, in part by augmenting delivery of neutrophils to sites of inflammation, such as may occur in infections. In certain conditions, such as in the hyperoxic lung, this process may be deleterious.
Collapse
|
50
|
Dinh HK, Stavchansky S, Schuschereba ST, Stuck BE, Bowman PD. Cytoprotection against thermal injury: evaluation of herbimycin A by cell viability and cDNA arrays. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2003; 2:318-26. [PMID: 12439738 DOI: 10.1038/sj.tpj.6500120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2001] [Revised: 04/17/2002] [Accepted: 04/18/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Herbimycin A (HA), a known inducer of the heat shock response, was investigated for its ability to increase survival of a human cell line following thermal injury. Its effect on transcriptional activity was also assessed with cDNA arrays to provide new targets for cytoprotection. Pretreatment with at least 0.75 microg/ml HA significantly increased the fraction of cells surviving thermal injury by up to 50% (based on 8s exposure) compared to untreated controls. HA also significantly induced transcription of mRNA for HSP90 and HSP70, and protein production for HSP40 and HSP70. Gene expression profiling demonstrated that the most highly elevated genes included growth factors and transcription factors, while prominently suppressed genes included transcription factors and kinases. These results suggest that cytoprotection may be due to the contribution of the products of a significant number of genes in addition to the classic stress response genes, suggesting that modulation of these genes might induce thermotolerance and amelioration of thermal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H K Dinh
- Division of Pharmaceutics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|