1
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Mangini L, Lawrence R, Lopez ME, Graham TC, Bauer CR, Nguyen H, Su C, Ramphal J, Crawford BE, Hartl TA. Galactokinase 1 is the source of elevated galactose-1-phosphate and cerebrosides are modestly reduced in a mouse model of classic galactosemia. JIMD Rep 2024; 65:280-294. [PMID: 38974607 PMCID: PMC11224506 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Classic galactosemia (CG) arises from loss-of-function mutations in the Galt gene, which codes for the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT), a central component in galactose metabolism. The neonatal fatality associated with CG can be prevented by galactose dietary restriction, but for decades it has been known that limiting galactose intake is not a cure and patients often have lasting complications. Even on a low-galactose diet, GALT's substrate galactose-1-phosphate (Gal1P) is elevated and one hypothesis is that elevated Gal1P is a driver of pathology. Here we show that Gal1P levels were elevated above wildtype (WT) in Galt mutant mice, while mice doubly mutant for Galt and the gene encoding galactokinase 1 (Galk1) had normal Gal1P levels. This indicates that GALK1 is necessary for the elevated Gal1P in CG. Another hypothesis to explain the pathology is that an inability to metabolize galactose leads to diminished or disrupted galactosylation of proteins or lipids. Our studies reveal that levels of a subset of cerebrosides-galactosylceramide 24:1, sulfatide 24:1, and glucosylceramide 24:1-were modestly decreased compared to WT. In contrast, gangliosides were unaltered. The observed reduction in these 24:1 cerebrosides may be relevant to the clinical pathology of CG, since the cerebroside galactosylceramide is an important structural component of myelin, the 24:1 species is the most abundant in myelin, and irregularities in white matter, of which myelin is a constituent, have been observed in patients with CG. Therefore, impaired cerebroside production may be a contributing factor to the brain damage that is a common clinical feature of the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linley Mangini
- Research and Early DevelopmentBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.San RafaelCaliforniaUSA
| | - Roger Lawrence
- Research and Early DevelopmentBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.San RafaelCaliforniaUSA
| | - Manuel E. Lopez
- Research and Early DevelopmentBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.San RafaelCaliforniaUSA
| | - Timothy C. Graham
- Research and Early DevelopmentBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.San RafaelCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christopher R. Bauer
- Research and Early DevelopmentBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.San RafaelCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hang Nguyen
- Research and Early DevelopmentBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.San RafaelCaliforniaUSA
| | - Cheng Su
- Research and Early DevelopmentBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.San RafaelCaliforniaUSA
| | - John Ramphal
- Research and Early DevelopmentBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.San RafaelCaliforniaUSA
| | - Brett E. Crawford
- Research and Early DevelopmentBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.San RafaelCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tom A. Hartl
- Research and Early DevelopmentBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.San RafaelCaliforniaUSA
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2
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Lee JC, Ray RM, Scott TA. Prospects and challenges of tissue-derived extracellular vesicles. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00408-8. [PMID: 38910325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered a vital component of cell-to-cell communication and represent a new frontier in diagnostics and a means to identify pathways for therapeutic intervention. Recently, studies have revealed the importance of tissue-derived EVs (Ti-EVs), which are EVs present in the interstitial spaces between cells, as they better represent the underlying physiology of complex, multicellular tissue microenvironments in biology and disease. EVs are native, lipid bilayer membraned nano-sized particles produced by all cells that are packaged with varied functional biomolecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They are implicated in short- and long-range cellular communication and may elicit functional responses in recipient cells. To date, studies have often utilized cultured cells or biological fluids as a source for EVs that do not capture local molecular signatures of the tissue microenvironment. Recent work utilizing Ti-EVs has elucidated novel biomarkers for disease and provided insights into disease mechanisms that may lead to the development of novel therapeutic agents. Still, there are considerable challenges facing current studies. This review explores the vast potential and unique challenges for Ti-EV research and provides considerations for future studies that seek to advance this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roslyn M Ray
- Gene Therapy Research, CSL Behring, Pasadena, CA 91106, USA
| | - Tristan A Scott
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute and Hematological Malignancy and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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3
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Louie AY, Rund LA, Komiyama-Kasai KA, Weisenberger KE, Stanke KL, Larsen RJ, Leyshon BJ, Kuchan MJ, Das T, Steelman AJ. A hydrolyzed lipid blend diet promotes myelination in neonatal piglets in a region and concentration-dependent manner. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1864-1883. [PMID: 37737490 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The impact of early life nutrition on myelin development is of interest given that cognitive and behavioral function depends on proper myelination. Evidence shows that myelination can be altered by dietary lipid, but most of these studies have been performed in the context of disease or impairment. Here, we assessed the effects of lipid blends containing various levels of a hydrolyzed fat (HF) system on myelination in healthy piglets. Piglets were sow-reared, fed a control diet, or a diet containing 12%, 25%, or 53% HF consisting of cholesterol, fatty acids, monoglycerides, and phospholipid from lecithin. At postnatal day 28/29, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to assess changes to brain development, followed by brain collection for microscopic analyses of myelin in targeted regions using CLARITY tissue clearing, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy techniques. Sow-reared piglets exhibited the highest overall brain white matter volume by MRI. However, a 25% HF diet resulted in the greatest total myelin density in the prefrontal cortex based on 3D modeling analysis of myelinated filaments. Nodal gap length and g-ratio were inversely correlated with percentage of HF in the corpus callosum, as well as in the PFC and internal capsule for g-ratio, indicating that a 53% HF diet resulted in the thickest myelin per axon and a 0% HF control diet the thinnest in specific brain regions. These findings indicate that HF promoted myelination in the neonatal piglet in a region- and concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Y Louie
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Laurie A Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Karin A Komiyama-Kasai
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kelsie E Weisenberger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kayla L Stanke
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan J Larsen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Tapas Das
- Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew J Steelman
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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4
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Zhou L, Montalvo AD, Collins JM, Wang D. Quantitative analysis of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase transcriptome in human tissues. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01154. [PMID: 37983911 PMCID: PMC10659769 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are phase II drug metabolizing enzymes that play important roles in the detoxification of endogenous and exogenous substrates. The 22 human UGTs belong to four families (UGT1, UGT2, UGT3, and UGT8) and differ in their expression, substrate specificity, UDP-sugar preference, and physiological functions. Differential expression/activity of the UGTs contributes to interperson variability in drug responses and toxicity, hormone homeostasis, and disease/cancer risks. However, in normal tissues, the tissue-specific expression profiles and transcriptional regulation of the UGTs are still not fully understood. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the transcriptome of 22 UGTs in 54 human tissues/regions using RNAseq data from GTEx. We then validated the findings in the liver and small intestine samples using real-time PCR. Our results showed large interindividual variability across tissues in the expression of each UGT and the overall composition of UGT pools, consisting of different UGTs and their splice isoforms. Our results also revealed coexpression of the UGTs, Cytochrome P450s, and many transcription factors in the liver, suggesting potential coregulation or functional coordination. Our results provide the groundwork for future studies to detail further the regulation of the expression and activity of the UGTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Zhou
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, Center for PharmacogenomicsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Abelardo D. Montalvo
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, Center for PharmacogenomicsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Joseph M. Collins
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, Center for PharmacogenomicsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Danxin Wang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, Center for PharmacogenomicsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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5
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Shing K, Sapp E, Boudi A, Liu S, Seeley C, Marchionini D, DiFiglia M, Kegel-Gleason KB. Early whole-body mutant huntingtin lowering averts changes in proteins and lipids important for synapse function and white matter maintenance in the LacQ140 mouse model. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 187:106313. [PMID: 37777020 PMCID: PMC10731584 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Expansion of a triplet repeat tract in exon 1 of the HTT gene causes Huntington's disease (HD). The mutant HTT protein (mHTT) has numerous aberrant interactions with diverse, pleiomorphic effects. Lowering mHTT is a promising approach to treat HD, but it is unclear when lowering should be initiated, how much is necessary, and what duration should occur to achieve benefits. Furthermore, the effects of mHTT lowering on brain lipids have not been assessed. Using a mHtt-inducible mouse model, we analyzed mHtt lowering initiated at different ages and sustained for different time-periods. mHTT protein in cytoplasmic and synaptic compartments of the striatum was reduced 38-52%; however, there was minimal lowering of mHTT in nuclear and perinuclear regions where aggregates formed at 12 months of age. Total striatal lipids were reduced in 9-month-old LacQ140 mice and preserved by mHtt lowering. Subclasses important for white matter structure and function including ceramide (Cer), sphingomyelin (SM), and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), contributed to the reduction in total lipids. Phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), and bismethyl phosphatidic acid (BisMePA) were also changed in LacQ140 mice. Levels of all subclasses except ceramide were preserved by mHtt lowering. mRNA expression profiling indicated that a transcriptional mechanism contributes to changes in myelin lipids, and some but not all changes can be prevented by mHtt lowering. Our findings suggest that early and sustained reduction in mHtt can prevent changes in levels of select striatal proteins and most lipids, but a misfolded, degradation-resistant form of mHTT hampers some benefits in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shing
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ellen Sapp
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Adel Boudi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sophia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Connor Seeley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | | | - Marian DiFiglia
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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6
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Louie AY, Kim JS, Drnevich J, Dibaeinia P, Koito H, Sinha S, McKim DB, Soto-Diaz K, Nowak RA, Das A, Steelman AJ. Influenza A virus infection disrupts oligodendrocyte homeostasis and alters the myelin lipidome in the adult mouse. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:190. [PMID: 37596606 PMCID: PMC10439573 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data suggest that myelin may be altered by physiological events occurring outside of the central nervous system, which may cause changes to cognition and behavior. Similarly, peripheral infection by non-neurotropic viruses is also known to evoke changes to cognition and behavior. METHODS Mice were inoculated with saline or influenza A virus. Bulk RNA-seq, lipidomics, RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, immunostaining, and western blots were used to determine the effect of infection on OL viability, protein expression and changes to the lipidome. To determine if microglia mediated infection-induced changes to OL homeostasis, mice were treated with GW2580, an inhibitor of microglia activation. Additionally, conditioned medium experiments using primary glial cell cultures were also used to test whether secreted factors from microglia could suppress OL gene expression. RESULTS Transcriptomic and RT-qPCR analyses revealed temporal downregulation of OL-specific transcripts with concurrent upregulation of markers characteristic of cellular stress. OLs isolated from infected mice had reduced cellular expression of myelin proteins compared with those from saline-inoculated controls. In contrast, the expression of these proteins within myelin was not different between groups. Similarly, histological and immunoblotting analysis performed on various brain regions indicated that infection did not alter OL viability, but increased expression of a cellular stress marker. Shot-gun lipidomic analysis revealed that infection altered the lipid profile within the prefrontal cortex as well as in purified brain myelin and that these changes persisted after recovery from infection. Treatment with GW2580 during infection suppressed the expression of genes associated with glial activation and partially restored OL-specific transcripts to baseline levels. Finally, conditioned medium from activated microglia reduced OL-gene expression in primary OLs without altering their viability. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that peripheral respiratory viral infection with IAV is capable of altering OL homeostasis and indicate that microglia activation is likely involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Y Louie
- Neuroscience Program, 2325/21 Beckman Institute, 405 North Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Justin S Kim
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 3306, IBB, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, 315 Fernst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 3516 Veterinary Medicine Basic Sciences Bldg., 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - Jenny Drnevich
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Payam Dibaeinia
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 201 North Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Hisami Koito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado-shi, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Saurabh Sinha
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 201 North Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
| | - Daniel B McKim
- Neuroscience Program, 2325/21 Beckman Institute, 405 North Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Katiria Soto-Diaz
- Neuroscience Program, 2325/21 Beckman Institute, 405 North Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Romana A Nowak
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 201 North Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Center at Illinois, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Aditi Das
- Neuroscience Program, 2325/21 Beckman Institute, 405 North Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 3306, IBB, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, 315 Fernst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 3516 Veterinary Medicine Basic Sciences Bldg., 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Andrew J Steelman
- Neuroscience Program, 2325/21 Beckman Institute, 405 North Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Center at Illinois, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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7
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Kaya I, Nilsson A, Luptáková D, He Y, Vallianatou T, Bjärterot P, Svenningsson P, Bezard E, Andrén PE. Spatial lipidomics reveals brain region-specific changes of sulfatides in an experimental MPTP Parkinson's disease primate model. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:118. [PMID: 37495571 PMCID: PMC10372136 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) to the neurotoxin MPP+ in the brain causes permanent Parkinson's disease-like symptoms by destroying dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra in humans and non-human primates. However, the complete molecular pathology underlying MPTP-induced parkinsonism remains poorly understood. We used dual polarity matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging to thoroughly image numerous glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids in coronal brain tissue sections of MPTP-lesioned and control non-human primate brains (Macaca mulatta). The results revealed specific distributions of several sulfatide lipid molecules based on chain-length, number of double bonds, and importantly, hydroxylation stage. More specifically, certain long-chain hydroxylated sulfatides with polyunsaturated chains in the molecular structure were depleted within motor-related brain regions in the MPTP-lesioned animals, e.g., external and internal segments of globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata. In contrast, certain long-chain non-hydroxylated sulfatides were found to be elevated within the same brain regions. These findings demonstrate region-specific dysregulation of sulfatide metabolism within the MPTP-lesioned macaque brain. The depletion of long-chain hydroxylated sulfatides in the MPTP-induced pathology indicates oxidative stress and oligodendrocyte/myelin damage within the pathologically relevant brain regions. Hence, the presented findings improve our current understanding of the molecular pathology of MPTP-induced parkinsonism within primate brains, and provide a basis for further research regarding the role of dysregulated sulfatide metabolism in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Kaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dominika Luptáková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yachao He
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theodosia Vallianatou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik Bjärterot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erwan Bezard
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Per E Andrén
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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8
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Shing K, Sapp E, Boudi A, Liu S, Seeley C, Marchionini D, DiFiglia M, Kegel-Gleason KB. Early whole-body mutant huntingtin lowering averts changes in proteins and lipids important for synapse function and white matter maintenance in the LacQ140 mouse model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.26.525697. [PMID: 36747614 PMCID: PMC9900921 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.525697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Expansion of a triplet repeat tract in exon1 of the HTT gene causes Huntington's disease (HD). The mutant HTT protein (mHTT) has numerous aberrant interactions with diverse, pleiomorphic effects. No disease modifying treatments exist but lowering mutant huntingtin (mHTT) by gene therapy is a promising approach to treat Huntington's disease (HD). It is not clear when lowering should be initiated, how much lowering is necessary and for what duration lowering should occur to achieve benefits. Furthermore, the effects of mHTT lowering on brain lipids have not been assessed. Using a mHtt-inducible mouse model we analyzed whole body mHtt lowering initiated at different ages and sustained for different time-periods. Subcellular fractionation (density gradient ultracentrifugation), protein chemistry (gel filtration, western blot, and capillary electrophoresis immunoassay), liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of lipids, and bioinformatic approaches were used to test effects of mHTT transcriptional lowering. mHTT protein in cytoplasmic and synaptic compartments of the caudate putamen, which is most affected in HD, was reduced 38-52%. Little or no lowering of mHTT occurred in nuclear and perinuclear regions where aggregates formed at 12 months of age. mHtt transcript repression partially or fully preserved select striatal proteins (SCN4B, PDE10A). Total lipids in striatum were reduced in LacQ140 mice at 9 months and preserved by early partial mHtt lowering. The reduction in total lipids was due in part to reductions in subclasses of ceramide (Cer), sphingomyelin (SM), and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), which are known to be important for white matter structure and function. Lipid subclasses phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), and bismethyl phosphatidic acid (BisMePA) were also changed in LacQ140 mice. Levels of all subclasses other than ceramide were preserved by early mHtt lowering. Pathway enrichment analysis of RNAseq data imply a transcriptional mechanism is responsible in part for changes in myelin lipids, and some but not all changes can be rescued by mHTT lowering. Our findings suggest that early and sustained reduction in mHtt can prevent changes in levels of select striatal proteins and most lipids but a misfolded, degradation-resistant form of mHTT hampers some benefits in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shing
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Ellen Sapp
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Adel Boudi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Sophia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Connor Seeley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | | | - Marian DiFiglia
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
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9
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Phung NV, Rong F, Xia WY, Fan Y, Li XY, Wang SA, Li FL. Nervonic acid and its sphingolipids: Biological functions and potential food applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37114919 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2203753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid, a 24-carbon fatty acid with only one double bond at the 9th carbon (C24:1n-9), is abundant in the human brain, liver, and kidney. It not only functions in free form but also serves as a critical component of sphingolipids which participate in many biological processes such as cell membrane formation, apoptosis, and neurotransmission. Recent studies show that nervonic acid supplementation is not only beneficial to human health but also can improve the many medical conditions such as neurological diseases, cancers, diabetes, obesity, and their complications. Nervonic acid and its sphingomyelins serve as a special material for myelination in infants and remyelination patients with multiple sclerosis. Besides, the administration of nervonic acid is reported to reduce motor disorder in mice with Parkinson's disease and limit weight gain. Perturbations of nervonic acid and its sphingolipids might lead to the pathogenesis of many diseases and understanding these mechanisms is critical for investigating potential therapeutic approaches for such diseases. However, available studies about this aspect are limited. In this review, relevant findings about functional mechanisms of nervonic acid have been comprehensively and systematically described, focusing on four interconnected functions: cellular structure, signaling, anti-inflammation, lipid mobilization, and their related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghi Van Phung
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Rong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wan Yue Xia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | - Xian Yu Li
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi An Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Fu Li Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
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10
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McKie SJ, Nicholson AS, Smith E, Fawke S, Caroe ER, Williamson JC, Butt BG, Kolářová D, Peterka O, Holčapek M, Lehner PJ, Graham SC, Deane JE. Altered plasma membrane abundance of the sulfatide-binding protein NF155 links glycosphingolipid imbalances to demyelination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218823120. [PMID: 36996106 PMCID: PMC10083573 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218823120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin is a multilayered membrane that tightly wraps neuronal axons, enabling efficient, high-speed signal propagation. The axon and myelin sheath form tight contacts, mediated by specific plasma membrane proteins and lipids, and disruption of these contacts causes devastating demyelinating diseases. Using two cell-based models of demyelinating sphingolipidoses, we demonstrate that altered lipid metabolism changes the abundance of specific plasma membrane proteins. These altered membrane proteins have known roles in cell adhesion and signaling, with several implicated in neurological diseases. The cell surface abundance of the adhesion molecule neurofascin (NFASC), a protein critical for the maintenance of myelin-axon contacts, changes following disruption to sphingolipid metabolism. This provides a direct molecular link between altered lipid abundance and myelin stability. We show that the NFASC isoform NF155, but not NF186, interacts directly and specifically with the sphingolipid sulfatide via multiple binding sites and that this interaction requires the full-length extracellular domain of NF155. We demonstrate that NF155 adopts an S-shaped conformation and preferentially binds sulfatide-containing membranes in cis, with important implications for protein arrangement in the tight axon-myelin space. Our work links glycosphingolipid imbalances to disturbance of membrane protein abundance and demonstrates how this may be driven by direct protein-lipid interactions, providing a mechanistic framework to understand the pathogenesis of galactosphingolipidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J. McKie
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0XY, UK
| | - Alex S. Nicholson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0XY, UK
| | - Emily Smith
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0XY, UK
| | - Stuart Fawke
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0XY, UK
| | - Eve R. Caroe
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0XY, UK
| | - James C. Williamson
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0AW, UK
| | - Benjamin G. Butt
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1QP, UK
| | - Denisa Kolářová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Pardubice53210, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Peterka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Pardubice53210, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Holčapek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Pardubice53210, Czech Republic
| | - Paul J. Lehner
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0AW, UK
| | - Stephen C. Graham
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1QP, UK
| | - Janet E. Deane
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0XY, UK
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11
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Teo JD, Marian OC, Spiteri AG, Nicholson M, Song H, Khor JXY, McEwen HP, Ge A, Sen MK, Piccio L, Fletcher JL, King NJC, Murray SS, Brüning JC, Don AS. Early microglial response, myelin deterioration and lethality in mice deficient for very long chain ceramide synthesis in oligodendrocytes. Glia 2023; 71:1120-1141. [PMID: 36583573 PMCID: PMC10952316 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The sphingolipids galactosylceramide (GalCer), sulfatide (ST) and sphingomyelin (SM) are essential for myelin stability and function. GalCer and ST are synthesized mostly from C22-C24 ceramides, generated by Ceramide Synthase 2 (CerS2). To clarify the requirement for C22-C24 sphingolipid synthesis in myelin biosynthesis and stability, we generated mice lacking CerS2 specifically in myelinating cells (CerS2ΔO/ΔO ). At 6 weeks of age, normal-appearing myelin had formed in CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice, however there was a reduction in myelin thickness and the percentage of myelinated axons. Pronounced loss of C22-C24 sphingolipids in myelin of CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice was compensated by greatly increased levels of C18 sphingolipids. A distinct microglial population expressing high levels of activation and phagocytic markers such as CD64, CD11c, MHC class II, and CD68 was apparent at 6 weeks of age in CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice, and had increased by 10 weeks. Increased staining for denatured myelin basic protein was also apparent in 6-week-old CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice. By 16 weeks, CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice showed pronounced myelin atrophy, motor deficits, and axon beading, a hallmark of axon stress. 90% of CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice died between 16 and 26 weeks of age. This study highlights the importance of sphingolipid acyl chain length for the structural integrity of myelin, demonstrating how a modest reduction in lipid chain length causes exposure of a denatured myelin protein epitope and expansion of phagocytic microglia, followed by axon pathology, myelin degeneration, and motor deficits. Understanding the molecular trigger for microglial activation should aid the development of therapeutics for demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Teo
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Oana C. Marian
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Alanna G. Spiteri
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Madeline Nicholson
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Huitong Song
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Jasmine X. Y. Khor
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Holly P. McEwen
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Anjie Ge
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Monokesh K. Sen
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Laura Piccio
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Jessica L. Fletcher
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchThe University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Nicholas J. C. King
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Simon S. Murray
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Anthony S. Don
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
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12
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Casadomé-Perales Á, Naya S, Fernández-Martínez E, Mille BG, Guerrero-Valero M, Peinado H, Guix FX, Dotti CG, Palomer E. Neuronal Prosurvival Role of Ceramide Synthase 2 by Olidogendrocyte-to-Neuron Extracellular Vesicle Transfer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065986. [PMID: 36983060 PMCID: PMC10052063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is associated with notorious alterations in neurons, i.e., in gene expression, mitochondrial function, membrane degradation or intercellular communication. However, neurons live for the entire lifespan of the individual. One of the reasons why neurons remain functional in elderly people is survival mechanisms prevail over death mechanisms. While many signals are either pro-survival or pro-death, others can play both roles. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can signal both pro-toxicity and survival. We used young and old animals, primary neuronal and oligodendrocyte cultures and neuroblastoma and oligodendrocytic lines. We analysed our samples using a combination of proteomics and artificial neural networks, biochemistry and immunofluorescence approaches. We found an age-dependent increase in ceramide synthase 2 (CerS2) in cortical EVs, expressed by oligodendrocytes. In addition, we show that CerS2 is present in neurons via the uptake of oligodendrocyte-derived EVs. Finally, we show that age-associated inflammation and metabolic stress favour CerS2 expression and that oligodendrocyte-derived EVs loaded with CerS2 lead to the expression of the antiapoptotic factor Bcl2 in inflammatory conditions. Our study shows that intercellular communication is altered in the ageing brain, which favours neuronal survival through the transfer of oligodendrocyte-derived EVs containing CerS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Casadomé-Perales
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Naya
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Fernández-Martínez
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bea G Mille
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Guerrero-Valero
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Peinado
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc X Guix
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Bioengineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramón Llull (URL), 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos G Dotti
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernest Palomer
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Tazelaar GHP, Hop PJ, Seelen M, van Vugt JJFA, van Rheenen W, Kool L, van Eijk KR, Gijzen M, Dooijes D, Moisse M, Calvo A, Moglia C, Brunetti M, Canosa A, Nordin A, Pardina JSM, Ravits J, Al-Chalabi A, Chio A, McLaughlin RL, Hardiman O, Van Damme P, de Carvalho M, Neuwirth C, Weber M, Andersen PM, van den Berg LH, Veldink JH, van Es MA. Whole genome sequencing analysis reveals post-zygotic mutation variability in monozygotic twins discordant for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 122:76-87. [PMID: 36521271 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a heterogeneous, fatal neurodegenerative disease, characterized by motor neuron loss and in 50% of cases also by cognitive and/or behavioral changes. Mendelian forms of ALS comprise approximately 10-15% of cases. The majority is however considered sporadic, but also with a high contribution of genetic risk factors. To explore the contribution of somatic mutations and/or epigenetic changes to disease risk, we performed whole genome sequencing and methylation analyses using samples from multiple tissues on a cohort of 26 monozygotic twins discordant for ALS, followed by in-depth validation and replication experiments. The results of these analyses implicate several mechanisms in ALS pathophysiology, which include a role for de novo mutations, defects in DNA damage repair and accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs H P Tazelaar
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J Hop
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Meinie Seelen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joke J F A van Vugt
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter van Rheenen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lindy Kool
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kristel R van Eijk
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen Gijzen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Dooijes
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthieu Moisse
- Neurology Department University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI) KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Calvo
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, SC Neurologia 1U, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Moglia
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, SC Neurologia 1U, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Turin, Italy
| | - Maura Brunetti
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, SC Neurologia 1U, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Canosa
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, SC Neurologia 1U, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Turin, Italy
| | - Angelica Nordin
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - John Ravits
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute and United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Adriano Chio
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, SC Neurologia 1U, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Turin, Italy
| | - Russell L McLaughlin
- Population Genetics Laboratory, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Orla Hardiman
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Republic of Ireland; Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Neurology Department University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI) KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mamede de Carvalho
- Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Christoph Neuwirth
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit / ALS Clinic, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Markus Weber
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit / ALS Clinic, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michael A van Es
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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14
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Barnes-Vélez JA, Aksoy Yasar FB, Hu J. Myelin lipid metabolism and its role in myelination and myelin maintenance. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100360. [PMID: 36588745 PMCID: PMC9800635 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is a specialized cell membrane indispensable for rapid nerve conduction. The high abundance of membrane lipids is one of myelin's salient features that contribute to its unique role as an insulator that electrically isolates nerve fibers across their myelinated surface. The most abundant lipids in myelin include cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, and plasmalogens, each playing critical roles in myelin development as well as function. This review serves to summarize the role of lipid metabolism in myelination and myelin maintenance, as well as the molecular determinants of myelin lipid homeostasis, with an emphasis on findings from genetic models. In addition, the implications of myelin lipid dysmetabolism in human diseases are highlighted in the context of hereditary leukodystrophies and neuropathies as well as acquired disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Barnes-Vélez
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054-1901, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA
| | - Fatma Betul Aksoy Yasar
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054-1901, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054-1901, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
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15
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Itokazu Y, Fuchigami T, Yu RK. Functional Impairment of the Nervous System with Glycolipid Deficiencies. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:419-448. [PMID: 36255683 PMCID: PMC9793801 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with nervous system disorders suffer from impaired cognitive, sensory and motor functions that greatly inconvenience their daily life and usually burdens their family and society. It is difficult to achieve functional recovery for the damaged central nervous system (CNS) because of its limited ability to regenerate. Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are abundant in the CNS and are known to play essential roles in cell-cell recognition, adhesion, signal transduction, and cellular migration, that are crucial in all phases of neurogenesis. Despite intense investigation of CNS regeneration, the roles of GSLs in neural regeneration remain unclear. Here we focus on the respective potentials of glycolipids to promote regeneration and repair of the CNS. Mice lacking glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide or gangliosides show lethal phenotypes. More importantly, patients with ganglioside deficiencies exhibit severe clinical phenotypes. Further, neurodegenerative diseases and mental health disorders are associated with altered GSL expression. Accumulating studies demonstrate that GSLs not only delimit physical regions but also play central roles in the maintenance of the biological functions of neurons and glia. We anticipate that the ability of GSLs to modulate behavior of a variety of molecules will enable them to ameliorate biochemical and neurobiological defects in patients. The use of GSLs to treat such defects in the human CNS will be a paradigm-shift in approach since GSL-replacement therapy has not yet been achieved in this manner clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Takahiro Fuchigami
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Robert K Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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16
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Gene Expression Profile in the Sandhoff Mouse Brain with Progression of Age. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13112020. [DOI: 10.3390/genes13112020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sandhoff disease (SD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder belonging to the family of diseases called GM2 Gangliosidosis. There is no curative treatment of SD. The molecular pathogenesis of SD is still unclear though it is clear that the pathology initiates with the build-up of ganglioside followed by microglial activation, inflammation, demyelination and apoptosis, leading to massive neuronal loss. In this article, we explored the expression profile of selected immune and myelination associated transcripts (Wfdc17, Ccl3, Lyz2, Fa2h, Mog and Ugt8a) at 5-, 10- and 16-weeks, representing young, pre-symptomatic and late stages of the SD mice. We found that immune system related genes (Wfdc17, Ccl3, Lyz2) are significantly upregulated by several fold at all ages in Hexb-KO mice relative to Hexb-het mice, while the difference in the expression levels of myelination related genes is not statistically significant. There is an age-dependent significant increase in expression of microglial/pro-inflammatory genes, from 5-weeks to the near humane end-point, i.e., 16-week time point; while the expression of those genes involved in myelination decreases slightly or remains unchanged. Future studies warrant use of new high-throughput gene expression modalities (such as 10X genomics) to delineate the underlying pathogenesis in SD by detecting gene expression changes in specific neuronal cell types and thus, paving the way for rational and precise therapeutic modalities.
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17
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Baba H. [Introduction to Myelin Research]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:837-853. [PMID: 35908945 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.21-00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myelin is a multilamellar membrane structure formed by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It has been recognized as an insulator that is essential for the rapid and efficient propagation of action potentials by saltatory conduction. However, recently many studies have shown that myelin and myelin-forming cells interact with axons and regulate the nervous system far more actively than previously thought. For example, myelination changes axons dynamically and divides them into four distinct functional domains: node of Ranvier, paranode, juxtaparanode, and internode. Voltage-gated Na+ channels are clustered at the node, while K+ channels are at the juxtaparanode, and segregation of these channels by paranodal axoglial junction is necessary for proper axonal function. My research experience began at the neurology ward of the Niigata University Medical Hospital, where I saw a patient with peripheral neuropathy of unknown etiology more than 37 years ago. In the patient's serum, we found an autoantibody against a glycolipid enriched in the PNS. Since then, I have been interested in myelin because of its beautiful structure and unique roles in the nervous system. In this review, our recent studies related to CNS and PNS myelin are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Baba
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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18
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Zaccariotto E, Cachón-González MB, Wang B, Lim S, Hirth B, Park H, Fezoui M, Sardi SP, Mason P, Barker RH, Cox TM. A novel brain-penetrant oral UGT8 inhibitor decreases in vivo galactosphingolipid biosynthesis in murine Krabbe disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112808. [PMID: 35290889 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Krabbe disease is a rare, inherited neurodegenerative disease due to impaired lysosomal β-galactosylceramidase (GALC) activity and formation of neurotoxic β-galactosylsphingosine ('psychosine'). We investigated substrate reduction therapy with a novel brain-penetrant inhibitor of galactosylceramide biosynthesis, RA 5557, in twitcher mice that lack GALC activity and model Krabbe disease. This thienopyridine derivative selectively inhibits uridine diphosphate-galactose glycosyltransferase 8 (UGT8), the final step in the generation of galactosylceramides which are precursors of sulphatide and, in the pathological lysosome, the immediate source of psychosine. Administration of RA 5557, reduced pathologically elevated psychosine concentrations (72-86%) in the midbrain and cerebral cortex in twitcher mice: the inhibitor decreased galactosylceramides by about 70% in midbrain and cerebral cortex in mutant and wild type animals. Exposure to the inhibitor significantly decreased several characteristic inflammatory response markers without causing apparent toxicity to myelin-producing cells in wild type and mutant mice; transcript abundance of oligodendrocyte markers MBP (myelin basic protein) and murine UGT8 was unchanged. Administration of the inhibitor before conception and during several breeding cycles to mice did not impair fertility and gave rise to healthy offspring. Nevertheless, given the unchanged lifespan, it appears that GALC has critical functions in the nervous system beyond the hydrolysis of galactosylceramide and galactosylsphingosine. Our findings support further therapeutic exploration of orally active UGT8 inhibitors in Krabbe disease and related galactosphingolipid disorders. The potent thienopyridine derivative with effective target engagement here studied appears to have an acceptable safety profile in vivo; judicious dose optimization will be needed to ensure efficacious clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zaccariotto
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Bing Wang
- Early Development, Sanofi R&D, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Sungtaek Lim
- Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi R&D, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Bradford Hirth
- Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi R&D, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Hyejung Park
- Early Development, Sanofi R&D, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Malika Fezoui
- Rare and Neurologic Disease Research, Sanofi R&D, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - S Pablo Sardi
- Rare and Neurologic Disease Research, Sanofi R&D, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Paul Mason
- Rare and Neurologic Disease Research, Sanofi R&D, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Robert H Barker
- Rare and Neurologic Disease Research, Sanofi R&D, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Timothy M Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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19
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Nakashima K, Hirahara Y, Koike T, Tanaka S, Gamo K, Oe S, Hayashi S, Seki-Omura R, Nakano Y, Ohe C, Yoshida T, Kataoka Y, Tsuda M, Yamashita T, Honke K, Kitada M. Sulfatide with ceramide composed of phytosphingosine (t18:0) and 2-hydroxy fatty acids in renal intercalated cells. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100210. [PMID: 35439525 PMCID: PMC9157219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse molecular species of sulfatide with differences in FA lengths, unsaturation degrees, and hydroxylation statuses are expressed in the kidneys. However, the physiological functions of specific sulfatide species in the kidneys are unclear. Here, we evaluated the distribution of specific sulfatide species in the kidneys and their physiological functions. Electron microscopic analysis of kidneys of Cst-deficient mice lacking sulfatide showed vacuolar accumulation in the cytoplasm of intercalated cells in the collecting duct, whereas the proximal and distal tubules were unchanged. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that vacuolar H+-ATPase-positive vesicles were accumulated in intercalated cells in sulfatide-deficient kidneys. Seventeen sulfatide species were detected in the murine kidney by iMScope MALDI-MS analysis. The distribution of the specific sulfatide species was classified into four patterns. Although most sulfatide species were highly expressed in the outer medullary layer, two unique sulfatide species of m/z 896.6 (predicted ceramide structure: t18:0-C22:0h) and m/z 924.6 (predicted ceramide structure: t18:0-C24:0h) were dispersed along the collecting duct, implying expression in intercalated cells. In addition, the intercalated cell-enriched fraction was purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting using the anti-vacuolar H+-ATPase subunit 6V0A4, which predominantly contained sulfatide species (m/z 896.6 and 924.6). The Degs2 and Fa2h genes, which are responsible for ceramide hydroxylation, were expressed in the purified intercalated cells. These results suggested that sulfatide molecular species with ceramide composed of phytosphingosine (t18:0) and 2-hydroxy FAs, which were characteristically expressed in intercalated cells, were involved in the excretion of NH3 and protons into the urine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Takashi Yoshida
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosky Kataoka
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research; Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuyuki Yamashita
- Department of Biochemistry, Kochi University Medical School, Nangoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Koichi Honke
- Department of Biochemistry, Kochi University Medical School, Nangoku, Kochi, Japan
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20
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Zhao Y, Liang Y, Xu Z, Liu J, Liu X, Ma J, Sun C, Yang Y. Exosomal miR-673-5p from fibroblasts promotes Schwann cell-mediated peripheral neuron myelination by targeting the TSC2/mTORC1/SREBP2 axis. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101718. [PMID: 35151688 PMCID: PMC8908274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral myelination is a complicated process, wherein Schwann cells (SCs) promote the formation of the myelin sheath around the axons of peripheral neurons. Fibroblasts are the second resident cells in the peripheral nerves; however, the precise function of fibroblasts in SC-mediated myelination has rarely been examined. Here, we show that exosomes derived from fibroblasts boost myelination-related gene expression in SCs. We used exosome sequencing, together with bioinformatic analysis, to demonstrate that exosomal microRNA miR-673-5p is capable of stimulating myelin gene expression in SCs. Subsequent functional studies revealed that miR-673-5p targets the regulator of mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) tuberous sclerosis complex 2 in SCs, leading to the activation of downstream signaling pathways including mTORC1 and sterol-regulatory element binding protein 2. In vivo experiments further confirmed that miR-673-5p activates the tuberous sclerosis complex 2/mTORC1/sterol-regulatory element binding protein 2 axis, thus promoting the synthesis of cholesterol and related lipids and subsequently accelerating myelin sheath maturation in peripheral nerves. Overall, our findings revealed exosome-mediated cross talk between fibroblasts and SCs that plays a pivotal role in peripheral myelination. We propose that exosomes derived from fibroblasts and miR-673-5p might be useful for promoting peripheral myelination in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education; Co-innovation Center of Neurogeneration; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Yunyun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education; Co-innovation Center of Neurogeneration; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhixin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education; Co-innovation Center of Neurogeneration; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jina Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education; Co-innovation Center of Neurogeneration; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education; Co-innovation Center of Neurogeneration; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education; Co-innovation Center of Neurogeneration; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education; Co-innovation Center of Neurogeneration; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Yumin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education; Co-innovation Center of Neurogeneration; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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21
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Phillips GR, Saville JT, Hancock SE, Brown SHJ, Jenner AM, McLean C, Fuller M, Newell KA, Mitchell TW. The long and the short of Huntington’s disease: how the sphingolipid profile is shifted in the caudate of advanced clinical cases. Brain Commun 2021; 4:fcab303. [PMID: 35169703 PMCID: PMC8833324 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that onsets in late adulthood as progressive and terminal cognitive, psychiatric and motor deficits. The disease is genetic, triggered by a CAG repeat (polyQ) expansion mutation in the Huntingtin gene and resultant huntingtin protein. Although the mutant huntingtin protein is ubiquitously expressed, the striatum degenerates early and consistently in the disease. The polyQ mutation at the N-terminus of the huntingtin protein alters its natural interactions with neural phospholipids in vitro, suggesting that the specific lipid composition of brain regions could influence their vulnerability to interference by mutant huntingtin; however, this has not yet been demonstrated in vivo. Sphingolipids are critical cell signalling molecules, second messengers and membrane components. Despite evidence of sphingolipid disturbance in Huntington’s mouse and cell models, there is limited knowledge of how these lipids are affected in human brain tissue. Using post-mortem brain tissue from five brain regions implicated in Huntington’s disease (control n = 13, Huntington’s n = 13), this study aimed to identify where and how sphingolipid species are affected in the brain of clinically advanced Huntington’s cases. Sphingolipids were extracted from the tissue and analysed using targeted mass spectrometry analysis; proteins were analysed by western blot. The caudate, putamen and cerebellum had distinct sphingolipid changes in Huntington’s brain whilst the white and grey frontal cortex were spared. The caudate of Huntington’s patients had a shifted sphingolipid profile, favouring long (C13–C21) over very-long-chain (C22–C26) ceramides, sphingomyelins and lactosylceramides. Ceramide synthase 1, which synthesizes the long-chain sphingolipids, had a reduced expression in Huntington’s caudate, correlating positively with a younger age at death and a longer CAG repeat length of the Huntington’s patients. The expression of ceramide synthase 2, which synthesizes very-long-chain sphingolipids, was not different in Huntington’s brain. However, there was evidence of possible post-translational modifications in the Huntington’s patients only. Post-translational modifications to ceramide synthase 2 may be driving the distinctive sphingolipid profile shifts of the caudate in advanced Huntington’s disease. This shift in the sphingolipid profile is also found in the most severely affected brain regions of several other neurodegenerative conditions and may be an important feature of region-specific cell dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle R. Phillips
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Jennifer T. Saville
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Sarah E. Hancock
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Simon H. J. Brown
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Andrew M. Jenner
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Catriona McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Health and Florey Neuroscience, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Maria Fuller
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Kelly A. Newell
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Todd W. Mitchell
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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22
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Gupta M, Weaver DF. Microsecond molecular dynamics studies of cholesterol-mediated myelin sheath degeneration in early Alzheimer's disease. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:222-239. [PMID: 34878462 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03844c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol-mediated perturbations of membrane structural integrity are key early events in the molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD, protein misfolding (proteopathy) and pro-inflammatory conditions (immunopathy) culminate in neuronal death, a process enabled by altered membrane biophysical properties which render neurons more susceptible to proteopathic and immunopathic cytotoxicities. Since cholesterol is a principal neuronal membrane lipid, normal cholesterol homeostasis is central to membrane health; also, since increased cholesterol composition is especially present in neuronal myelin sheath (i.e. brain "white matter"), recent studies have not surprisingly revealed that white matter atrophy precedes the conventional biomarkers of AD (amyloid plaques, tau tangles). Employing extensive microsecond all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we investigated biophysical and mechanical properties of myelin sheath membrane as a function of cholesterol mole fraction (χCHL). Impaired χCHL modulates multiple bilayer properties, including surface area per lipid (APL), chain order, number and mass density profiles, area compressibility and bending moduli, bilayer thickness, lipid tilt angles, H-bonding interactions and tail interdigitation. The increased orientational ordering of both palmitoyl and oleoyl chains in model healthy myelin sheath (HMS) membranes illustrates the condensing effect of cholesterol. With an increase in χCHL, number density profiles of water tend to attain bulk water number density more quickly, indicating shrinkage in the interfacial region with increasing χCHL. The average tilt value is 11.5° for the C10-C13 angle in cholesterol and 64.2° for the P-N angle in POPC lipids in HMS. These calculations provide a molecular-level understanding of myelin sheath susceptibility to pathology as an early event in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Gupta
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, M5T 0S8, Canada.
| | - Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, M5T 0S8, Canada. .,Departments of Chemistry, Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M55 3H6, Canada
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23
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Intellectual disability-associated mutations in the ceramide transport protein gene CERT1 lead to aberrant function and subcellular distribution. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101338. [PMID: 34688657 PMCID: PMC8605338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid molecule ceramide is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus for sphingomyelin production via the ceramide transport protein (CERT), encoded by CERT1. Hyperphosphorylation of CERT’s serine-repeat motif (SRM) decreases its functionality. Some forms of inherited intellectual disability (ID) have been associated with a serine-to-leucine substitution in the SRM (S132L mutation) and a glycine-to-arginine substitution outside the SRM (G243R mutation) in CERT; however, it is unclear if mutations outside the SRM disrupt the control of CERT functionality. In the current investigation, we identified a new CERT1 variant (dupAA) in a patient with mild ID that resulted from a frameshift at the C-terminus of CERT1. However, familial analysis revealed that the dupAA variant was not associated with ID, allowing us to utilize it as a disease-matched negative control for CERT1 variants that are associated with ID. Biochemical analysis showed that G243R and S132L, but not dupAA, impair SRM hyperphosphorylation and render the CERT variants excessively active. Additionally, both S132L and G243R mutations but not dupAA caused the proteins to be distributed in a punctate subcellular manner. On the basis of these findings, we infer that the majority of ID-associated CERT variants may impair SRM phosphorylation-dependent repression, resulting in an increase in sphingomyelin production concurrent with CERT subcellular redistribution.
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24
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Feltri ML, Weinstock NI, Favret J, Dhimal N, Wrabetz L, Shin D. Mechanisms of demyelination and neurodegeneration in globoid cell leukodystrophy. Glia 2021; 69:2309-2331. [PMID: 33851745 PMCID: PMC8502241 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), also known as Krabbe disease, is a lysosomal storage disorder causing extensive demyelination in the central and peripheral nervous systems. GLD is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the lysosomal hydrolase, galactosylceramidase (GALC), which catabolizes the myelin sphingolipid galactosylceramide. The pathophysiology of GLD is complex and reflects the expression of GALC in a number of glial and neural cell types in both the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS), as well as leukocytes and kidney in the periphery. Over the years, GLD has garnered a wide range of scientific and medical interests, especially as a model system to study gene therapy and novel preclinical therapeutic approaches to treat the spontaneous murine model for GLD. Here, we review recent findings in the field of Krabbe disease, with particular emphasis on novel aspects of GALC physiology, GLD pathophysiology, and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Laura Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Nadav I. Weinstock
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jacob Favret
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Biotechnical and Clinical Lab Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Narayan Dhimal
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Daesung Shin
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Biotechnical and Clinical Lab Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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25
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Abed Rabbo M, Khodour Y, Kaguni LS, Stiban J. Sphingolipid lysosomal storage diseases: from bench to bedside. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:44. [PMID: 33941173 PMCID: PMC8094529 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Johann Ludwig Wilhelm Thudicum described sphingolipids (SLs) in the late nineteenth century, but it was only in the past fifty years that SL research surged in importance and applicability. Currently, sphingolipids and their metabolism are hotly debated topics in various biochemical fields. Similar to other macromolecular reactions, SL metabolism has important implications in health and disease in most cells. A plethora of SL-related genetic ailments has been described. Defects in SL catabolism can cause the accumulation of SLs, leading to many types of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) collectively called sphingolipidoses. These diseases mainly impact the neuronal and immune systems, but other systems can be affected as well. This review aims to present a comprehensive, up-to-date picture of the rapidly growing field of sphingolipid LSDs, their etiology, pathology, and potential therapeutic strategies. We first describe LSDs biochemically and briefly discuss their catabolism, followed by general aspects of the major diseases such as Gaucher, Krabbe, Fabry, and Farber among others. We conclude with an overview of the available and potential future therapies for many of the diseases. We strive to present the most important and recent findings from basic research and clinical applications, and to provide a valuable source for understanding these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Abed Rabbo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine
| | - Yara Khodour
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine
| | - Laurie S Kaguni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Johnny Stiban
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine.
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26
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D'Aprile C, Prioni S, Mauri L, Prinetti A, Grassi S. Lipid rafts as platforms for sphingosine 1-phosphate metabolism and signalling. Cell Signal 2021; 80:109929. [PMID: 33493577 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous segregation of cholesterol and sphingolipids as a liquid-ordered phase leads to their clustering in selected membrane areas, the lipid rafts. These specialized membrane domains enriched in gangliosides, sphingomyelin, cholesterol and selected proteins involved in signal transduction, organize and determine the function of multiprotein complexes involved in several aspects of signal transduction, thus regulating cell homeostasis. Sphingosine 1-phosphate, an important biologically active mediator, is involved in several signal transduction processes regulating a plethora of cell functions and, not only several of its downstream effectors tend to localize in lipid rafts, some of the enzymes involved in its pathway, of receptors involved in its signalling and its transporters have been often found in these membrane microdomains. Considering this, in this review we address what is currently known regarding the relationship between sphingosine 1-phosphate metabolism and signalling and plasma membrane lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara D'Aprile
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Prioni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Prinetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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27
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Murakami H, Tamura N, Enomoto Y, Shimasaki K, Kurosawa K, Hanada K. Intellectual disability-associated gain-of-function mutations in CERT1 that encodes the ceramide transport protein CERT. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243980. [PMID: 33347465 PMCID: PMC7751862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a developmental disorder that includes both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains. Although evidence-based interventions for patients have long been desired, their progress has been hindered due to various determinants. One of these determinants is the complexity of the origins of ID. The ceramide transport protein (CERT) encoded by CERT1 mediates inter-organelle trafficking of ceramide for the synthesis of intracellular sphingomyelin. Utilizing whole exome sequencing analysis, we identified a novel CERT variant, which substitutes a serine at position 135 (S135) for a proline in a patient with severe ID. Biochemical analysis showed that S135 is essential for hyperphosphorylation of a serine-repeat motif of CERT, which is required for down-regulation of CERT activity. Amino acid replacements of S135 abnormally activated CERT and induced an intracellular punctate distribution pattern of this protein. These results identified specific ID-associated CERT1 mutations that induced gain-of-function effects on CERT activity. These findings provide a possible molecular basis for not only new diagnostics but also a conceivable pharmaceutical intervention for ID disorders caused by gain-of-function mutations in CERT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Murakami
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norito Tamura
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Enomoto
- Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shimasaki
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kurosawa
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail: (KK); (KH)
| | - Kentaro Hanada
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (KK); (KH)
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28
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Jo HS, Kim HA, Lee JC, Yoon KC, Yoon YI, Choi YY, Seok JI, Moon MH, Kim DS. Lipidomic signatures of post-hepatectomy liver failure using porcine hepatectomy models. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1363. [PMID: 33313108 PMCID: PMC7723583 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Clinical diagnosis of post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) can only be made on or after the 5th postoperative day. Biomarker for early diagnosis is considered as a critical unmet need. Methods Twenty domestic female crossbreed (Yorkshire-landrace and duroc) pigs underwent sham operation (n=6), 70% (n=7) and 90% (n=7) partial hepatectomy (PH). A comprehensive lipidomic analysis was conducted using sera collected at pre-operation (PO), 14, 30, and 48 h after PH using nanoflow ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Results Of the 184 quantified lipids, 14 lipids showed significant differences between the two resection groups starting at 30 h after surgery. Four phosphatidylcholine (PC) plasmalogen species (P-16:0/16:0, P-18:0/18:2, P-18:0/20:4, and P-18:0/22:6) and PC 32:2 significantly increased in the 90% PH group while these returned to PO level after 30 h in the 70% PH group, presumably implying the failure markers. In contrast, eight triacylglycerol (TG) species (40:0, 42:1, 42:0, 44:1, 44:2, 46:1, 46:2, and 48:3) and sphingomyelin d18:1/20:0 showed an opposite trend, wherein they significantly decreased in the 90% PH group while these in the 70% PH group were abruptly increased until 30 h but returned to near PO levels at 48 h, implying the recovery markers. Same trends could also be observed in the level of whole lipid classes of PC plasmalogens and TGs, in addition to selected individual lipid species. Conclusions Characteristic lipidomic signatures of PHLF could be identified using large animal models. These candidates have a potential to serve as a tool for early diagnosis and may open new paths to the study to overcome PHLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sung Jo
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae A Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Chul Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-In Yoon
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-I Seok
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Dong-Sik Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim KU, Yoon KJ, Park S, Lee JC, Moon HY, Moon MH. Exercise-induced recovery of plasma lipids perturbed by ageing with nanoflow UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:8003-8014. [PMID: 32918173 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02933-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Daily physical exercise is an essential part of life and is required for remaining healthy; it enhances therapeutic efficacy in the elderly and prevents age-related diseases associated with lipid profile alterations, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and dementia. To more efficiently analyse the lipid profiles and unveil the effect of exercise in aged mice, we optimized our study by examining the effects of using ionization modifiers in the mobile phase and in-source fragmentation of lysophospholipids on the simultaneous analysis of fatty acids (FAs) including hydroxyl fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and glycerolipids using nanoflow ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. We applied the optimization to investigate the lipidomic plasma alterations in young (7 weeks old) and aged (84 weeks old) mice (C57BL/6) subjected to treadmill exercise. Of the 390 identified lipid species, 159 were quantified to investigate ageing-related lipid species responsive to physical exercise. In particular, circulating lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine levels showed a significant decrease, and lysophosphatidic acid showed a simultaneous increase with ageing. The saturated FA (16:0 and 18:0) increased with ageing while the unsaturated FA 22:6 decreased. Dihydroxy fatty acid (18:1_2OH) showed an exercise-induced recovery against ageing. It is notable that the levels of five triacylglycerol species significantly increased by as much as threefold with ageing, but their levels largely recovered to those observed in the young mice after exercise. These findings can help understand the influence of ageing on lipid perturbation and the role of physical exercise on lipidomic recovery in response to ageing-associated loss of physical status. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Uk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Jin Yoon
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Suhong Park
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hyo Youl Moon
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Institute on Ageing, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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Wrapping axons in mammals and Drosophila: Different lipids, same principle. Biochimie 2020; 178:39-48. [PMID: 32800899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membranes of axon-wrapping glial cells develop specific cylindrical bilayer membranes that surround thin individual axons or axon bundles. Axons are wrapped with single layered glial cells in lower organisms whereas in the mammalian nervous system, axons are surrounded with a characteristic complex multilamellar myelin structure. The high content of lipids in myelin suggests that lipids play crucial roles in the structure and function of myelin. The most striking feature of myelin lipids is the high content of galactosylceramide (GalCer). Serological and genetic studies indicate that GalCer plays a key role in the formation and function of the myelin sheath in mammals. In contrast to mammals, Drosophila lacks GalCer. Instead of GalCer, ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE) has an important role to ensheath axons with glial cells in Drosophila. GalCer and CPE share similar physical properties: both lipids have a high phase transition temperature and high packing, are immiscible with cholesterol and form helical liposomes. These properties are caused by both the strong headgroup interactions and the tight packing resulting from the small size of the headgroup and the hydrogen bonds between lipid molecules. These results suggest that mammals and Drosophila wrap axons using different lipids but the same conserved principle.
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Pant DC, Aguilera-Albesa S, Pujol A. Ceramide signalling in inherited and multifactorial brain metabolic diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 143:105014. [PMID: 32653675 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research on sphingolipids, particularly ceramides, has attracted increased attention, revealing the important roles and many functions of these molecules in several human neurological disorders. The nervous system is enriched with important classes of sphingolipids, e.g., ceramide and its derivatives, which compose the major portion of this group, particularly in the form of myelin. Ceramides have also emerged as important nodes for lipid signalling, both inside the cell and between cells. Until recently, knowledge about ceramides in the nervous system was limited, but currently, multiple links between ceramide signalling and neurological diseases have been reported. Alterations in the regulation of ceramide pathobiology have been shown to influence the risk of developing neurometabolic diseases. Thus, these molecules are critically important in the maintenance and development of the nervous system and are culprits or major contributors to the development of brain disorders, either inherited or multifactorial. In the present review, we highlight the critical role of ceramide signalling in several different neurological disorders as well as the effects of their perturbations and discuss how this emerging class of bioactive sphingolipids has attracted interest in the field of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh C Pant
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Sergio Aguilera-Albesa
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Health Service Hospital, Irunlarrea 4, 310620 Pamplona, Spain; Navarrabiomed-Miguel Servet Research Foundation, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Gran Via 199, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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Carroll JA, Race B, Williams K, Striebel J, Chesebro B. RNA-seq and network analysis reveal unique glial gene expression signatures during prion infection. Mol Brain 2020; 13:71. [PMID: 32381108 PMCID: PMC7206698 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prion diseases and prion-like disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, are characterized by gliosis and accumulation of misfolded aggregated host proteins. Ablating microglia in prion-infected brain by treatment with the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) inhibitor, PLX5622, increased accumulation of misfolded prion protein and decreased survival time. Methods To better understand the role of glia during neurodegeneration, we used RNA-seq technology, network analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis to compare gene expression in brains of prion-infected versus mock-inoculated mice. Comparisons were also made between PLX5622-treated prion-infected mice and untreated prion-infected mice to assess mechanisms involved in disease acceleration in the absence of microglia. Results RNA-seq and network analysis suggested that microglia responded to prion infection through activation of integrin CD11c/18 and did not adopt the expression signature associated with other neurodegenerative disease models. Instead, microglia acquired an alternative molecular signature late in the disease process. Furthermore, astrocytes expressed a signature pattern of genes which appeared to be specific for prion diseases. Comparisons were also made with prion-infected mice treated with PLX5622 to assess the impact of microglia ablation on astrocyte gene expression during prion infection. In the presence of microglia, a unique mix of transcripts associated with A1- and A2-reactive astrocytes was increased in brains of prion-infected mice. After ablation of microglia, this reactive astrocyte expression pattern was enhanced. Thus, after prion infection, microglia appeared to decrease the overall A1/A2-astrocyte responses which might contribute to increased survival after infection. Conclusions RNA-seq analysis indicated dysregulation of over 300 biological processes within the CNS during prion disease. Distinctive microglia- and astrocyte-associated expression signatures were identified during prion infection. Furthermore, astrogliosis and the unique astrocyte-associated expression signature were independent of microglial influences. Astrogliosis and the unique astrocyte-associated gene expression pattern were increased when microglia were ablated. Our findings emphasize the potential existence of alternative pathways for activating the A1/A2 paradigm in astrocytes during neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Carroll
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 South Fourth Street, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA.
| | - Brent Race
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 South Fourth Street, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Katie Williams
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 South Fourth Street, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - James Striebel
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 South Fourth Street, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Bruce Chesebro
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 South Fourth Street, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
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Grassi S, Giussani P, Mauri L, Prioni S, Sonnino S, Prinetti A. Lipid rafts and neurodegeneration: structural and functional roles in physiologic aging and neurodegenerative diseases. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:636-654. [PMID: 31871065 PMCID: PMC7193971 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.tr119000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are small, dynamic membrane areas characterized by the clustering of selected membrane lipids as the result of the spontaneous separation of glycolipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol in a liquid-ordered phase. The exact dynamics underlying phase separation of membrane lipids in the complex biological membranes are still not fully understood. Nevertheless, alterations in the membrane lipid composition affect the lateral organization of molecules belonging to lipid rafts. Neural lipid rafts are found in brain cells, including neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, and are characterized by a high enrichment of specific lipids depending on the cell type. These lipid rafts seem to organize and determine the function of multiprotein complexes involved in several aspects of signal transduction, thus regulating the homeostasis of the brain. The progressive decline of brain performance along with physiological aging is at least in part associated with alterations in the composition and structure of neural lipid rafts. In addition, neurodegenerative conditions, such as lysosomal storage disorders, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Alzheimer's diseases, are frequently characterized by dysregulated lipid metabolism, which in turn affects the structure of lipid rafts. Several events underlying the pathogenesis of these diseases appear to depend on the altered composition of lipid rafts. Thus, the structure and function of lipid rafts play a central role in the pathogenesis of many common neurodegenerative diseases.jlr;61/5/636/F1F1f1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Giussani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Prioni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Prinetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. mailto:
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Poitelon Y, Kopec AM, Belin S. Myelin Fat Facts: An Overview of Lipids and Fatty Acid Metabolism. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040812. [PMID: 32230947 PMCID: PMC7226731 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is critical for the proper function of the nervous system and one of the most complex cell–cell interactions of the body. Myelination allows for the rapid conduction of action potentials along axonal fibers and provides physical and trophic support to neurons. Myelin contains a high content of lipids, and the formation of the myelin sheath requires high levels of fatty acid and lipid synthesis, together with uptake of extracellular fatty acids. Recent studies have further advanced our understanding of the metabolism and functions of myelin fatty acids and lipids. In this review, we present an overview of the basic biology of myelin lipids and recent insights on the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and functions in myelinating cells. In addition, this review may serve to provide a foundation for future research characterizing the role of fatty acids and lipids in myelin biology and metabolic disorders affecting the central and peripheral nervous system.
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35
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Siems SB, Jahn O, Eichel MA, Kannaiyan N, Wu LMN, Sherman DL, Kusch K, Hesse D, Jung RB, Fledrich R, Sereda MW, Rossner MJ, Brophy PJ, Werner HB. Proteome profile of peripheral myelin in healthy mice and in a neuropathy model. eLife 2020; 9:e51406. [PMID: 32130108 PMCID: PMC7056269 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteome and transcriptome analyses aim at comprehending the molecular profiles of the brain, its cell-types and subcellular compartments including myelin. Despite the relevance of the peripheral nervous system for normal sensory and motor capabilities, analogous approaches to peripheral nerves and peripheral myelin have fallen behind evolving technical standards. Here we assess the peripheral myelin proteome by gel-free, label-free mass-spectrometry for deep quantitative coverage. Integration with RNA-Sequencing-based developmental mRNA-abundance profiles and neuropathy disease genes illustrates the utility of this resource. Notably, the periaxin-deficient mouse model of the neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth 4F displays a highly pathological myelin proteome profile, exemplified by the discovery of reduced levels of the monocarboxylate transporter MCT1/SLC16A1 as a novel facet of the neuropathology. This work provides the most comprehensive proteome resource thus far to approach development, function and pathology of peripheral myelin, and a straightforward, accurate and sensitive workflow to address myelin diversity in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie B Siems
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Maria A Eichel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Nirmal Kannaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Lai Man N Wu
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Diane L Sherman
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Kathrin Kusch
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Dörte Hesse
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Ramona B Jung
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Robert Fledrich
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
- Institute of Anatomy, University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Michael W Sereda
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical CenterGöttingenGermany
| | - Moritz J Rossner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Peter J Brophy
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
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Davis DL, Mahawar U, Pope VS, Allegood J, Sato-Bigbee C, Wattenberg BW. Dynamics of sphingolipids and the serine palmitoyltransferase complex in rat oligodendrocytes during myelination. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:505-522. [PMID: 32041816 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is a unique lipid-rich membrane structure that accelerates neurotransmission and supports neuronal function. Sphingolipids are critical myelin components. Yet sphingolipid content and synthesis have not been well characterized in oligodendrocytes, the myelin-producing cells of the CNS. Here, using quantitative real-time PCR, LC-MS/MS-based lipid analysis, and biochemical assays, we examined sphingolipid synthesis during the peak period of myelination in the postnatal rat brain. Importantly, we characterized sphingolipid production in isolated oligodendrocytes. We analyzed sphingolipid distribution and levels of critical enzymes and regulators in the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway, with focus on the serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) complex, the rate-limiting step in this pathway. During myelination, levels of the major SPT subunits increased and oligodendrocyte maturation was accompanied by extensive alterations in the composition of the SPT complex. These included changes in the relative levels of two alternative catalytic subunits, SPTLC2 and -3, in the relative levels of isoforms of the small subunits, ssSPTa and -b, and in the isoform distribution of the SPT regulators, the ORMDLs. Myelination progression was accompanied by distinct changes in both the nature of the sphingoid backbone and the N-acyl chains incorporated into sphingolipids. We conclude that the distribution of these changes among sphingolipid family members is indicative of a selective channeling of the ceramide backbone toward specific downstream metabolic pathways during myelination. Our findings provide insights into myelin production in oligodendrocytes and suggest how dysregulation of the biosynthesis of this highly specialized membrane could contribute to demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna L Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Usha Mahawar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Victoria S Pope
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Jeremy Allegood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Carmen Sato-Bigbee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Binks W Wattenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
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Eum JY, Lee GB, Yi SS, Kim IY, Seong JK, Moon MH. Lipid alterations in the skeletal muscle tissues of mice after weight regain by feeding a high-fat diet using nanoflow ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1141:122022. [PMID: 32062368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated lipid alterations in muscle tissues [gastrocnemius (Gas) and soleus (Sol)] of mice under different diet programs (weight gain, weight maintenance, weight regain, and controls) by nanoflow ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Since overloaded lipids in the skeletal muscle tissues by excessive fat accumulation are related to insulin resistance leading to type II diabetes mellitus, analysis of lipid alteration in muscle tissues with respect to high-fat diet (HFD) is important to understand obesity related diseases. A total of 345 individual lipid species were identified with their molecular structures, and 184 lipids were quantified by selected reaction monitoring method. Most triacylglycerol (TG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) species displayed a significant (>2-fold, p < 0.01) increase in both the Gas and Sol and to a larger degree in the Gas. However, lipid classes involved in insulin resistance and anti-inflammatory response, including lysophosphatidylcholine (18:0), diacylglycerol (16:0_18:1, 16:0_18:2, and 18:1_18:1), ceramide (d18:1/24:0 and d18:1/24:1), and phosphatidylinositol (18:0/20:4), showed a significant accumulation in the Sol exclusively after HFD treatment. In addition, the lipid profiles were not significantly altered in mice that were fed HFD only for the last 4 weeks (weight gain group), suggesting that consuming HFD in the younger age period can be more effective in the Gas. This study reveals that lipid classes related to insulin resistance accumulated more in the Sol than in the Gas following HFD treatment and the weight regain program perturbed lipid profiles of the Sol to a greater extent than that by the other diet programs, confirming that the Sol tissue is more influenced by HFD than Gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yong Eum
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Bin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Shin Yi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Biomedical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea; Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Yong Kim
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Program for Creative Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, and BIO-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Program for Creative Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, and BIO-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Isokawa M, Sassa T, Hattori S, Miyakawa T, Kihara A. Reduced chain length in myelin sphingolipids and poorer motor coordination in mice deficient in the fatty acid elongase Elovl1. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:747-759. [PMID: 32123819 PMCID: PMC6996318 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Very-long-chain fatty acids, with a chain length of >C20, are abundant in myelin sphingolipids. Recently, a de novo mutation in the ELOVL1 gene, which encodes fatty acid elongase, was identified in patients with neurocutaneous disorders involving skin ichthyosis and multiple neurological abnormalities, including hypomyelination, spastic paraplegia, and high-frequency deafness. However, the consequences of ELOVL1 deficiency for lipid composition and detailed pathological changes in the brain remain unclear. Here, we analyzed Elovl1 mutant mice as a model of human ELOVL1 deficiency. The mice exhibited a decreased postnatal survival rate, and some died of startle epilepsy. The acyl chain length of sphingolipids such as galactosylceramides, sulfatides, sphingomyelins, and ceramides in the brains of these mice was markedly shortened. Moreover, the mice exhibited reduced levels of galactosylceramides, which are important for myelin formation and stability. Electron microscope analysis of the corpus callosum in Elovl1 mutant mice revealed modest hypomyelination, especially in large-diameter axons. Furthermore, behavioral testing of the mice revealed deficits such as poorer motor coordination and reduced acoustic startle response to high-intensity stimulus. These findings provide clues to the molecular mechanism of the neurological symptoms of patients with the ELOVL1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Isokawa
- Laboratory of BiochemistryFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- Laboratory of BiochemistryFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Satoko Hattori
- Division of Systems Medical ScienceInstitute for Comprehensive Medical ScienceFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical ScienceInstitute for Comprehensive Medical ScienceFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of BiochemistryFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
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Stadelmann C, Timmler S, Barrantes-Freer A, Simons M. Myelin in the Central Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Pathology. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1381-1431. [PMID: 31066630 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00031.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes generate multiple layers of myelin membrane around axons of the central nervous system to enable fast and efficient nerve conduction. Until recently, saltatory nerve conduction was considered the only purpose of myelin, but it is now clear that myelin has more functions. In fact, myelinating oligodendrocytes are embedded in a vast network of interconnected glial and neuronal cells, and increasing evidence supports an active role of oligodendrocytes within this assembly, for example, by providing metabolic support to neurons, by regulating ion and water homeostasis, and by adapting to activity-dependent neuronal signals. The molecular complexity governing these interactions requires an in-depth molecular understanding of how oligodendrocytes and axons interact and how they generate, maintain, and remodel their myelin sheaths. This review deals with the biology of myelin, the expanded relationship of myelin with its underlying axons and the neighboring cells, and its disturbances in various diseases such as multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Furthermore, we will highlight how specific interactions between astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia contribute to demyelination in hereditary white matter pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Stadelmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany ; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich , Germany ; Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany ; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich , Germany ; and Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen , Germany
| | - Sebastian Timmler
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany ; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich , Germany ; Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany ; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich , Germany ; and Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen , Germany
| | - Alonso Barrantes-Freer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany ; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich , Germany ; Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany ; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich , Germany ; and Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen , Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany ; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich , Germany ; Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany ; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich , Germany ; and Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen , Germany
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40
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Wang Y, Chen X, Liu C, Wu S, Xie Q, Hu Q, Chen S, Liu Y. Metachromatic leukodystrophy: Characterization of two (p.Leu433Val, p.Gly449Arg) arylsulfatase A mutations. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1738-1744. [PMID: 31410132 PMCID: PMC6676083 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metachromatic leukodystrophy disorder (MLD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease. The disease is primarily caused by a deficiency in the enzyme arylsulfatase A (ASA), which is encoded by the ARSA gene. A total of 254 mutations have been reported in different populations. The present study aimed to detect causative gene mutations in an atypical case presenting with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder through whole-exome sequencing. Of note, the patient's mother is from a consanguineous family. Compound heterozygous variants (c.1297C>G) + (c.1345G>A) [(p.Leu433Val) + (p.Gly449Arg)] were identified in exon 8 in the ARSA gene of the pediatric patient. The two missense mutations identified have not been previously reported, to the best of our knowledge. Furthermore, an in silico analysis and multiple phylogenetic tree analyses of ARSA homologs were performed to predict the effects of the two novel mutations. Serial changes were observed in the patient with MLD at follow-up visits over 6 years. However, brain MRI images demonstrated no notable progression and the number of ASA enzymes was stable. Also, the results of neurodevelopmental assessment showed that the patient was diagnose with ADHD. These data may offer a potential explanation of the genotype-phenotype correlation in MLD and enhance the spectrum of mutations associated with the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Chan Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Shamin Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qingfeng Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Quan Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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41
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Couttas TA, Kain N, Tran C, Chatterton Z, Kwok JB, Don AS. Age-Dependent Changes to Sphingolipid Balance in the Human Hippocampus are Gender-Specific and May Sensitize to Neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:503-514. [PMID: 29660940 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The greatest risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) is aging. The major genetic risk factor for AD is the ɛ4 allele of the APOE gene, encoding the brain's major lipid transport protein, apolipoprotein E (ApoE). The research community is yet to decipher why the ApoE4 variant pre-disposes to AD, and how aging causes the disease. Studies have shown deregulated levels of sphingolipids, including decreased levels of the neuroprotective signaling lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), and increased ceramide content, in brain tissue and serum of people with pre-clinical or very early AD. In this study we investigated whether sphingolipid levels are affected as a function of age or APOE genotype, in the hippocampus of neurologically normal subjects over the age of 65. Lipids were quantified in 80 postmortem tissue samples using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sphingolipid levels were not significantly affected by the presence of one ɛ4 or ɛ2 allele. However, ceramide, sphingomyelin, and sulfatide content was very significantly correlated with age in the hippocampus of males. On the other hand, S1P, normalized to its non-phosphorylated precursor sphingosine, was inversely correlated with age in females. Our results therefore establish gender-specific differences in sphingolipid metabolism in the aging human brain. Ceramide is a pro-apoptotic lipid, and heavily implicated as a driver of insulin resistance in metabolic tissues. S1P is a neuroprotective lipid that supports glutamatergic neurotransmission. Increasing ceramide and decreasing S1P levels may contribute significantly to a pro-neurodegenerative phenotype in the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Couttas
- Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nupur Kain
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Collin Tran
- Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zac Chatterton
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John B Kwok
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony S Don
- Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.,NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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42
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Formation of tubules and helical ribbons by ceramide phosphoethanolamine-containing membranes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5812. [PMID: 30967612 PMCID: PMC6456502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE), a major sphingolipid in invertebrates, is crucial for axonal ensheathment in Drosophila. Darkfield microscopy revealed that an equimolar mixture of bovine buttermilk CPE (milk CPE) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (diC18:1 PC) tends to form tubules and helical ribbons, while pure milk CPE mainly exhibits amorphous aggregates and, at low frequency, straight needles. Negative staining electron microscopy indicated that helices and tubules were composed of multilayered 5–10 nm thick slab-like structures. Using different molecular species of PC and CPE, we demonstrated that the acyl chain length of CPE but not of PC is crucial for the formation of tubules and helices in equimolar mixtures. Incubation of the lipid suspensions at the respective phase transition temperature of CPE facilitated the formation of both tubules and helices, suggesting a dynamic lipid rearrangement during formation. Substituting diC18:1 PC with diC18:1 PE or diC18:1 PS failed to form tubules and helices. As hydrated galactosylceramide (GalCer), a major lipid in mammalian myelin, has been reported to spontaneously form tubules and helices, it is believed that the ensheathment of axons in mammals and Drosophila is based on similar physical processes with different lipids.
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43
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Meech R, Hu DG, McKinnon RA, Mubarokah SN, Haines AZ, Nair PC, Rowland A, Mackenzie PI. The UDP-Glycosyltransferase (UGT) Superfamily: New Members, New Functions, and Novel Paradigms. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1153-1222. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00058.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze the covalent addition of sugars to a broad range of lipophilic molecules. This biotransformation plays a critical role in elimination of a broad range of exogenous chemicals and by-products of endogenous metabolism, and also controls the levels and distribution of many endogenous signaling molecules. In mammals, the superfamily comprises four families: UGT1, UGT2, UGT3, and UGT8. UGT1 and UGT2 enzymes have important roles in pharmacology and toxicology including contributing to interindividual differences in drug disposition as well as to cancer risk. These UGTs are highly expressed in organs of detoxification (e.g., liver, kidney, intestine) and can be induced by pathways that sense demand for detoxification and for modulation of endobiotic signaling molecules. The functions of the UGT3 and UGT8 family enzymes have only been characterized relatively recently; these enzymes show different UDP-sugar preferences to that of UGT1 and UGT2 enzymes, and to date, their contributions to drug metabolism appear to be relatively minor. This review summarizes and provides critical analysis of the current state of research into all four families of UGT enzymes. Key areas discussed include the roles of UGTs in drug metabolism, cancer risk, and regulation of signaling, as well as the transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of UGT expression and function. The latter part of this review provides an in-depth analysis of the known and predicted functions of UGT3 and UGT8 enzymes, focused on their likely roles in modulation of levels of endogenous signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Meech
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dong Gui Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ross A. McKinnon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Siti Nurul Mubarokah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alex Z. Haines
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Pramod C. Nair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Rowland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter I. Mackenzie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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44
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Baba H, Ishibashi T. The Role of Sulfatides in Axon–Glia Interactions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1190:165-179. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9636-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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45
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Maganti RJ, Hronowski XL, Dunstan RW, Wipke BT, Zhang X, Jandreski L, Hamann S, Juhasz P. Defining Changes in the Spatial Distribution and Composition of Brain Lipids in the Shiverer and Cuprizone Mouse Models of Myelin Disease. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 67:203-219. [PMID: 30501365 PMCID: PMC6393840 DOI: 10.1369/0022155418815860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is composed primarily of lipids and diseases affecting myelin are associated with alterations in its lipid composition. However, correlation of the spatial (in situ) distribution of lipids with the disease-associated compositional and morphological changes is not well defined. Herein we applied high resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) to evaluate brain lipid alterations in the dysmyelinating shiverer (Shi) mouse and cuprizone (Cz) mouse model of reversible demyelination. MALDI-IMS revealed a decrease in the spatial distribution of sulfatide (SHexCer) species, SHexCer (d42:2), and a phosphatidylcholine (PC) species, PC (36:1), in white matter regions like corpus callosum (CC) both in the Shi mouse and Cz mouse model. Changes in these lipid species were restored albeit not entirely upon spontaneous remyelination after demyelination in the Cz mouse model. Lipid distribution changes correlated with the local morphological changes as confirmed by IHC. LC-ESI-MS analyses of CC extracts confirmed the MALDI-IMS derived reductions in SHexCer and PC species. These findings highlight the role of SHexCer and PC in preserving the normal myelin architecture and our experimental approaches provide a morphological basis to define lipid abnormalities relevant to myelin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert W Dunstan
- Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,AbbVie, Worcester, Massachusetts
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46
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Xu H, Boucher FR, Nguyen TT, Taylor GP, Tomlinson JJ, Ortega RA, Simons B, Schlossmacher MG, Saunders-Pullman R, Shaw W, Bennett SAL. DMS as an orthogonal separation to LC/ESI/MS/MS for quantifying isomeric cerebrosides in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:200-211. [PMID: 30413651 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d089797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrosides, including glucosylceramides (GlcCers) and galactosylceramides (GalCers), are important membrane components of animal cells with deficiencies resulting in devastating lysosomal storage disorders. Their quantification is essential for disease diagnosis and a better understanding of disease mechanisms. The simultaneous quantification of GlcCer and GalCer isomers is, however, particularly challenging due to their virtually identical structures. To address this challenge, we developed a new LC/MS-based method using differential ion mobility spectrometry (DMS) capable of rapidly and reproducibly separating and quantifying isomeric cerebrosides in a single run. We show that this LC/ESI/DMS/MS/MS method exhibits robust quantitative performance within an analyte concentration range of 2.8-355 nM. We further report the simultaneous quantification of nine GlcCers (16:0, 18:0, 20:0, 22:0, 23:0, 24:1, 24:0, 25:0, and 26:0) and five GalCers (16:0, 22:0, 23:0, 24:1, and 24:0) molecular species in human plasma, as well as six GalCers (18:0, 22:0, 23:0, 24:1, 24:0 and 25:0) and two GlcCers (24:1 and 24:0) in human cerebrospinal fluid. Our method expands the potential of DMS technology in the field of glycosphingolipid analysis for both biomarker discovery and drug screening by enabling the unambiguous assignment and quantification of cerebroside lipid species in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Xu
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory and India Taylor Lipidomics Research Platform, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada .,Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Thao T Nguyen
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory and India Taylor Lipidomics Research Platform, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graeme P Taylor
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory and India Taylor Lipidomics Research Platform, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julianna J Tomlinson
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Michael G Schlossmacher
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Saunders-Pullman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Walt Shaw
- Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL
| | - Steffany A L Bennett
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory and India Taylor Lipidomics Research Platform, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada .,Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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47
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Lee JC, Park SM, Kim IY, Sung H, Seong JK, Moon MH. High-fat diet-induced lipidome perturbations in the cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and olfactory bulb of mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:980-990. [PMID: 29787912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Given their important role in neuronal function, there has been an increasing focus on altered lipid levels in brain disorders. The effect of a high-fat (HF) diet on the lipid profiles of the cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and olfactory bulb of the mouse brain was investigated using nanoflow ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry in the current study. For 8 weeks, two groups of 5-week-old mice were fed either an HF or normal diet (6 mice from each group analyzed as the F and N groups, respectively). The remaining mice in both groups then received a 4-week normal diet. Each group was then subdivided into two groups for another 4-week HF or normal diet. Quantitative analysis of 270 of the 359 lipids identified from brain tissue revealed that an HF diet significantly affected the brain lipidome in all brain regions that were analyzed. The HF diet significantly increased diacylglycerols, which play a role in insulin resistance in all regions that were analyzed. Although the HF diet increased most lipid species, the majority of phosphatidylserine species were decreased, while lysophosphatidylserine species, with the same acyl chain, were substantially increased. This result can be attributed to increased oxidative stress due to the HF diet. Further, weight-cycling (yo-yo effect) was found more critical for the perturbation of brain lipid profiles than weight gain without a preliminary experience of an HF diet. The present study reveals systematic alterations in brain lipid levels upon HF diet analyzed either by lipid class and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Cheol Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Mi Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Sung
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology and BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Cao Q, Chen X, Wu X, Liao R, Huang P, Tan Y, Wang L, Ren G, Huang J, Dong C. Inhibition of UGT8 suppresses basal-like breast cancer progression by attenuating sulfatide-αVβ5 axis. J Exp Med 2018; 215:1679-1692. [PMID: 29728441 PMCID: PMC5987921 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20172048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cao et al. show that UGT8 promotes BLBC progression through activating sulfatide–αVβ5 axis. ZA is identified as a direct inhibitor of UGT8 and suppresses BLBC progression, suggesting that inhibition of UGT8 offers a promising opportunity for treating BLBC. Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is associated with a poor clinical outcome as a result of the few treatment options and poor therapeutic response. Here, we report that elevated expression of urine diphosphate–galactose ceramide galactosyltransferase (UGT8) specifically occurs in BLBC and predicts poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. UGT8 expression is transcriptionally up-regulated by Sox10, triggering the sulfatide biosynthetic pathway; increased sulfatide activates integrin αVβ5-mediated signaling that contributes to BLBC progression. UGT8 expression promotes, whereas UGT8 knockdown suppresses tumorigenicity and metastasis. Importantly, we identify that zoledronic acid (ZA), a marketed drug for treating osteoporosis and bone metastasis, is a direct inhibitor of UGT8, which blocks the sulfatide biosynthetic pathway. Significantly, a clinically achievable dosage of ZA exhibits apparent inhibitory effect on migration, invasion, and lung metastasis of BLBC cells. Together, our study suggests that UGT8 is a potential prognostic indicator and druggable target of BLBC and that pharmacologic inhibition of UGT8 by ZA offers a promising opportunity for treating this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhua Cao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Surgical Oncology (Breast Center), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Surgical Oncology (Breast Center), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuebiao Wu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Surgical Oncology (Breast Center), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruocen Liao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Surgical Oncology (Breast Center), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Panpan Huang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Surgical Oncology (Breast Center), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjia Tan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Surgical Oncology (Breast Center), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Ren
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Surgical Oncology (Breast Center), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenfang Dong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Surgical Oncology (Breast Center), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China .,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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49
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Malamon JS, Kriete A. Integrated Systems Approach Reveals Sphingolipid Metabolism Pathway Dysregulation in Association with Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. BIOLOGY 2018; 7:biology7010016. [PMID: 29425116 PMCID: PMC5872042 DOI: 10.3390/biology7010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) and age are significantly correlated such that one-third of Americans beyond 85 years of age are afflicted. We have designed and implemented a pilot study that combines systems biology approaches with traditional next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis techniques to identify relevant regulatory pathways, infer functional relationships and confirm the dysregulation of these biological pathways in LOAD. Our study design is a most comprehensive systems approach combining co-expression network modeling derived from RNA-seq data, rigorous quality control (QC) standards, functional ontology, and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) derived from whole exome (WES) single nucleotide variant (SNV) genotype data. Our initial results reveal several statistically significant, biologically relevant genes involved in sphingolipid metabolism. To validate these findings, we performed a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The GSEA revealed the sphingolipid metabolism pathway and regulation of autophagy in association with LOAD cases. In the execution of this study, we have successfully tested an integrative approach to identify both novel and known LOAD drivers in order to develop a broader and more detailed picture of the highly complex transcriptional and regulatory landscape of age-related dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Stephen Malamon
- Bossone Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Andres Kriete
- Bossone Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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50
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Montani L, Pereira JA, Norrmén C, Pohl HBF, Tinelli E, Trötzmüller M, Figlia G, Dimas P, von Niederhäusern B, Schwager R, Jessberger S, Semenkovich CF, Köfeler HC, Suter U. De novo fatty acid synthesis by Schwann cells is essential for peripheral nervous system myelination. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1353-1368. [PMID: 29434029 PMCID: PMC5881495 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201706010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Montani et al. reveal that de novo fatty acid synthesis by Schwann cells, mediated by fatty acid synthase, contributes fundamentally to driving myelination in the peripheral nervous system. They identify lipogenic activation of the PPARγ transcriptional network as a putatively involved functional mechanism. Myelination calls for a remarkable surge in cell metabolism to facilitate lipid and membrane production. Endogenous fatty acid (FA) synthesis represents a potentially critical process in myelinating glia. Using genetically modified mice, we show that Schwann cell (SC) intrinsic activity of the enzyme essential for de novo FA synthesis, fatty acid synthase (FASN), is crucial for precise lipid composition of peripheral nerves and fundamental for the correct onset of myelination and proper myelin growth. Upon FASN depletion in SCs, epineurial adipocytes undergo lipolysis, suggestive of a compensatory role. Mechanistically, we found that a lack of FASN in SCs leads to an impairment of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ–regulated transcriptional program. In agreement, defects in myelination of FASN-deficient SCs could be ameliorated by treatment with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone ex vivo and in vivo. Our results reveal that FASN-driven de novo FA synthesis in SCs is mandatory for myelination and identify lipogenic activation of the PPARγ transcriptional network as a putative downstream functional mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Montani
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jorge A Pereira
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Norrmén
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hartmut B F Pohl
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Tinelli
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Trötzmüller
- Lipidomics Center for Medical Research, Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | - Gianluca Figlia
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Penelope Dimas
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Belinda von Niederhäusern
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Schwager
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Clay F Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Harald C Köfeler
- Lipidomics Center for Medical Research, Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | - Ueli Suter
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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