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Wu H, Yao Z, Li H, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Xie J, Ding F, Zhu H. Improving dermal fibroblast-to-epidermis communications and aging wound repair through extracellular vesicle-mediated delivery of Gstm2 mRNA. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:307. [PMID: 38825668 PMCID: PMC11145791 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is characterized by the disruption of skin homeostasis and impaired skin injury repair. Treatment of aging skin has long been limited by the unclear intervention targets and delivery techniques. Engineering extracellular vesicles (EVs) as an upgraded version of natural EVs holds great potential in regenerative medicine. In this study, we found that the expression of the critical antioxidant and detoxification gene Gstm2 was significantly reduced in aging skin. Thus, we constructed the skin primary fibroblasts-derived EVs encapsulating Gstm2 mRNA (EVsGstm2), and found that EVsGstm2 could significantly improve skin homeostasis and accelerate wound healing in aged mice. Mechanistically, we found that EVsGstm2 alleviated oxidative stress damage of aging dermal fibroblasts by modulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and promoted dermal fibroblasts to regulate skin epidermal cell function by paracrine secretion of Nascent Polypeptide-Associated Complex Alpha subunit (NACA). Furthermore, we confirmed that NACA is a novel skin epidermal cell protective molecule that regulates skin epidermal cell turnover through the ROS-ERK-ETS-Cyclin D pathway. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of EVs-mediated delivery of Gstm2 for aged skin treatment and unveil novel roles of GSTM2 and NACA for improving aging skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zuochao Yao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Hongkun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Changzhi Medical College Affiliated Heji Hospital, Shanxi, 046000, China
| | - Laihai Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yuying Zhao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yongwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yating Wu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhenchun Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jiali Xie
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Feixue Ding
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People Hospital, School of Medicine, JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Hongming Zhu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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2
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Galogre M, Rodin D, Pyatnitskiy M, Mackelprang M, Koman I. "A Review of HER2 overexpression and somatic mutations in cancers". Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 186:103997. [PMID: 37062337 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.103997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (HER) proteins family, which includes HER2, are membrane-bound receptors that activate many intracellular pathways associated with growth and development. When there are mutations in HER2, or when it becomes overexpressed, it can cause oncogenesis and offer differential prognosis and treatment across almost all cancer types. Both mutations in HER2 and its overexpression have distinct mechanisms by which they can cause these effects in cancers. This review outlines how HER2's normal pathway is altered in both overexpression and mutation and compiles all the well-known mechanisms by which HER2 can cause oncogenesis. Finally, this review briefly outlines how HER2 mutants and HER2 overexpression is detected, and how their detection can lead to different prognosis and treatment in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitry Rodin
- Institute of Personalised and Translational Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel Kiryat Hamada
| | - Mikhail Pyatnitskiy
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry RAMS, Solianka st.,14, 109544, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Igor Koman
- SmartOmica, Tērbatas iela 36 - 4, Latvia Rīga, LV-1011; Institute of Personalised and Translational Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel Kiryat Hamada
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3
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Silvis MR, Silva D, Rohweder R, Schuman S, Gudipaty S, Truong A, Yap J, Affolter K, McMahon M, Kinsey C. MYC-mediated resistance to trametinib and HCQ in PDAC is overcome by CDK4/6 and lysosomal inhibition. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221524. [PMID: 36719686 PMCID: PMC9930170 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of KRAS>RAF>MEK1/2>ERK1/2 signaling has provided no clinical benefit to patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Interestingly, combined inhibition of MEK1/2 (with trametinib [T]) plus autophagy (with chloroquine [CQ] or hydroxychloroquine [HCQ]) demonstrated striking anti-tumor effects in preclinical models and in a patient (Patient 1). However, not all patients respond to the T/HCQ regimen, and Patient 1 eventually developed resistant disease. Here we report that primary or acquired resistance is associated with focal DNA copy number gains encompassing c-MYC. Furthermore, ectopic expression of c-MYC in PDAC cell lines rendered them T/HCQ resistant. Interestingly, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib (P), also induced autophagy and overrode c-MYC-mediated T/HCQ resistance, such that P/HCQ promoted regression of T/HCQ-resistant PDAC tumors with elevated c-MYC expression. Finally, P/HCQ treatment of Patient 1 resulted in a biochemical disease response. These data suggest that elevated c-MYC expression is both a marker and a mediator of T/HCQ resistance, which may be overcome by the use of P/HCQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Silvis
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Dilru Silva
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Riley Rohweder
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sophia Schuman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Yap
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kajsa Affolter
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Martin McMahon
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Conan Kinsey
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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4
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Chen P, Liu H, Xin H, Cheng B, Sun C, Liu Y, Liu T, Wen Z, Cheng Y. Inhibiting the Cytosolic Phospholipase A2-Arachidonic Acid Pathway With Arachidonyl Trifluoromethyl Ketone Attenuates Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 115:476-489. [PMID: 35450754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF) is a serious late complication of thoracic radiation therapy. Inflammation is crucial in fibroblast activation and RILF, and arachidonic acid (AA) is an important inflammatory mediator released by cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and reduced by arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (ATK)-targeting of cPLA2. Here, we aimed to investigate the roles of the cPLA2/AA pathway in RILF and assess the potential of targeting cPLA2 to prevent RILF. METHODS AND MATERIALS A computed tomography scan was used to obtain the mean lung density, and hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, and Sirius Red staining were used to assess the histopathologic conditions in mouse models. AA levels in mouse serum and cell supernatants were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fibroblast phenotype alterations were examined by a Cell Counting Kit-8, manual cell counting, and a Transwell system. The protein levels were evaluated via Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AA protected fibroblasts against radiation-induced growth inhibition and promoted fibroblast activation, which was characterized by enhanced α-smooth muscle actin expression and migration capacity. Radiation could activate fibroblasts by upregulating cPLA2 expression and AA production, which could be reversed by ATK. Moreover, inhibiting cPLA2 with ATK significantly attenuated collagen deposition and radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mouse models. We further identified extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase (ERK) as the downstream target of the radiation-AA regulatory axis. Radiation-induced AA increased phosphorylated-ERK levels, promoting cyclinD1, cyclin-dependent kinase 6, and α-smooth muscle actin expression and contributing to fibroblast activation. Inhibiting P-ERK impaired radiation- and AA-induced fibroblast activation. The related molecular mechanisms were verified using specimens from animal models. CONCLUSIONS Our findings uncover the role of the cPLA2/AA-ERK regulatory axis in response to radiation in pulmonary fibroblast activation and recognize cPLA2 as the key regulatory molecule during RILF for the first time. Targeting cPLA2 may be a promising protective strategy against RILF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Bo Cheng
- Shandong Cancer Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhua Sun
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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5
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Channathodiyil P, May K, Segonds-Pichon A, Smith PD, Cook S, Houseley J. Escape from G1 arrest during acute MEK inhibition drives the acquisition of drug resistance. NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcac032. [PMID: 36267209 PMCID: PMC9575185 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations and gene amplifications that confer drug resistance emerge frequently during chemotherapy, but their mechanism and timing are poorly understood. Here, we investigate BRAFV600E amplification events that underlie resistance to the MEK inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244/ARRY-142886) in COLO205 cells, a well-characterized model for reproducible emergence of drug resistance, and show that BRAF amplifications acquired de novo are the primary cause of resistance. Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. Most DNA replication and repair genes are re-expressed as cells enter S and G2; however, mRNAs encoding a subset of factors important for error-free replication and chromosome segregation, including TIPIN, PLK2 and PLK3, remain at low abundance. This suggests that DNA replication following escape from G1 arrest in drug is more error prone and provides a potential explanation for the DNA damage observed under long-term RAF-MEK-ERK1/2 pathway inhibition. To test the hypothesis that escape from G1 arrest in drug promotes de novo BRAF amplification, we exploited the combination of palbociclib and selumetinib. Combined treatment with selumetinib and a dose of palbociclib sufficient to reinforce G1 arrest in selumetinib-sensitive cells, but not to impair proliferation of resistant cells, delays the emergence of resistant colonies, meaning that escape from G1 arrest is critical in the formation of resistant clones. Our findings demonstrate that acquisition of MEK inhibitor resistance often occurs through de novo gene amplification and can be suppressed by impeding cell cycle entry in drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kieron May
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 4NT, UK
| | | | - Paul D Smith
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Simon J Cook
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 4NT, UK
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6
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Øvrebø JI, Ma Y, Edgar BA. Cell growth and the cell cycle: New insights about persistent questions. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200150. [PMID: 36222263 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Before a cell divides into two daughter cells, it typically doubles not only its DNA, but also its mass. Numerous studies in cells ranging from yeast to mammals have shown that cellular growth, stimulated by nutrients and/or growth factor signaling, is a prerequisite for cell cycle progression in most types of cells. The textbook view of growth-regulated cell cycles is that growth signaling activates the transcription of G1 Cyclin genes to induce cell proliferation, and also stimulates anabolic metabolism and cell growth in parallel. However, genetic knockout tests in model organisms indicate that this is not the whole story, and new studies show that additional, "smarter" mechanisms help to coordinate the cell cycle with growth itself. Here we summarize recent advances in this field, and discuss current models in which growth signaling regulates cell proliferation by targeting core cell cycle regulators via non-transcriptional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Inge Øvrebø
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yiqin Ma
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Bruce A Edgar
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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7
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Riegel K, Vijayarangakannan P, Kechagioglou P, Bogucka K, Rajalingam K. Recent advances in targeting protein kinases and pseudokinases in cancer biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:942500. [PMID: 35938171 PMCID: PMC9354965 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.942500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinases still remain the most favorable members of the druggable genome, and there are an increasing number of kinase inhibitors approved by the FDA to treat a variety of cancers. Here, we summarize recent developments in targeting kinases and pseudokinases with some examples. Targeting the cell cycle machinery garnered significant clinical success, however, a large section of the kinome remains understudied. We also review recent developments in the understanding of pseudokinases and discuss approaches on how to effectively target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Riegel
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Petros Kechagioglou
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Bogucka
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Krishnaraj Rajalingam
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Krishnaraj Rajalingam,
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8
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Pierozan P, Cattani D, Karlsson O. Tumorigenic activity of alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): Mechanistic in vitro studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:151945. [PMID: 34843762 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants including long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been linked to cancer, which is a central cause of mortality in humans and many wildlife species. Today shorter-chain PFAS are extensively used as replacement compounds and commonly found in the environment. Mechanistic studies are important for a better understanding of their toxicological potential and possible role in cancer etiology. Here, we treated normal human breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) with 500 pM to 500 μM of perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), undecafluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (GenX), perfluoro 3,6 dioxaoctanoic acid (PFO2OA), heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA) and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) for 72 h to investigate potential effects on cell proliferation and neoplastic transformation. PFHxA, GenX, PFO2OA, HFBA and PFBS induced no alterations compared to controls at any of the concentrations tested. Exposure to 100 μM PFHxS on the other hand was shown to affect important regulatory cell-cycle proteins (cyclin D1, CDK6, p27, p53 and ERK) and induced cell proliferation, at least in part through activation of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). PFHxS also altered histone modifications and induced cell malignance by reducing the levels of adhesion proteins (E-cadherin and β-integrin) and promoting cell migration and invasion. These results demonstrate that five out of six alternative PFAS tested are clearly less harmful to MCF-10A cells than previously studied PFOS and PFOA, but raise concerns about PFHxS that also has been associated with breast cancer in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pierozan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden
| | - Daiane Cattani
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden
| | - Oskar Karlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden.
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9
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p27, The Cell Cycle and Alzheimer´s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031211. [PMID: 35163135 PMCID: PMC8835212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle consists of successive events that lead to the generation of new cells. The cell cycle is regulated by different cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their inhibitors, such as p27Kip1. At the nuclear level, p27Kip1 has the ability to control the evolution of different phases of the cell cycle and oppose cell cycle progression by binding to CDKs. In the cytoplasm, diverse functions have been described for p27Kip1, including microtubule remodeling, axonal transport and phagocytosis. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), alterations to cycle events and a purported increase in neurogenesis have been described in the early disease process before significant pathological changes could be detected. However, most neurons cannot progress to complete their cell division and undergo apoptotic cell death. Increased levels of both the p27Kip1 levels and phosphorylation status have been described in AD. Increased levels of Aβ42, tau hyperphosphorylation or even altered insulin signals could lead to alterations in p27Kip1 post-transcriptional modifications, causing a disbalance between the levels and functions of p27Kip1 in the cytoplasm and nucleus, thus inducing an aberrant cell cycle re-entry and alteration of extra cell cycle functions. Further studies are needed to completely understand the role of p27Kip1 in AD and the therapeutic opportunities associated with the modulation of this target.
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10
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Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4 and CDK6) and their activating partners, D-type cyclins, link the extracellular environment with the core cell cycle machinery. Constitutive activation of cyclin D–CDK4/6 represents the driving force of tumorigenesis in several cancer types. Small-molecule inhibitors of CDK4/6 have been used with great success in the treatment of hormone receptor–positive breast cancers and are in clinical trials for many other tumor types. Unexpectedly, recent work indicates that inhibition of CDK4/6 affects a wide range of cellular functions such as tumor cell metabolism and antitumor immunity. We discuss how recent advances in understanding CDK4/6 biology are opening new avenues for the future use of cyclin D–CDK4/6 inhibitors in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fassl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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11
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Garces S, Medeiros LJ, Marques-Piubelli ML, Coelho Siqueira SA, Miranda RN, Cuglievan B, Sriganeshan V, Medina AM, Garces JC, Saluja K, Bhattacharjee MB, Khoury JD, Li S, Xu J, Jelloul FZ, Thakral B, Cameron Yin C. Cyclin D1 expression in Rosai-Dorfman disease: A near constant finding that is not invariably associated with MAPK/ERK pathway activation. Hum Pathol 2022; 121:36-45. [PMID: 34995673 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Activating mutations in the MAPK/ERK pathway have been shown in nearly half of cases of Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD). Cyclin D1, a key cell cycle regulator, constitutes a major downstream target of the MAPK/ERK pathway. In this study, we aim to further understand the pathogenesis of RDD by assessing the lesional histiocytes for cyclin D1, p-ERK, Ki-67 and BCL2 by immunohistochemistry We assessed 35 samples of RDD and a control group of histiocyte-rich reactive lesions. Cyclin D1 was expressed in about 90% of cases of RDD. Cyclin D1 was positive in 25-95% (median, 85%) of lesional histiocytes, was moderately/strongly expressed in 97% of cyclin D1-positive cases, and was significantly higher than in control specimens. p-ERK was positive in 16 of 30 (53%) cases of RDD and was negative in all controls. Whereas all p-ERK-positive RDD cases had concurrent cyclin D1 expression, over a third of cyclin D1-positive cases were negative for p-ERK. Ki-67 was low in RDD (median, 3%). BCL-2 was positive in lesional histiocytes in nine of 10 RDD cases assessed and was negative Overall, these findings point to unexpected, potential roles of these molecules in the pathogenesis of RDD. Overexpression of cyclin D1 in the absence of ERK phosphorylation in a subset of RDD cases opens the possibility of oncogenic mechanisms bypassing ERK, and supports the notion that cyclin D1 overexpression in RDD is multifactorial. Moreover, the observed lack of correlation between cyclin D1 with Ki-67 proliferative index suggests that prosurvival actions of cyclin D1 are, at least in part, cell-cycle independent. Finally, expression of BCL-2 and the low Ki-67 index suggest that RDD might be driven by anti-apoptotic rather than pro-proliferative oncogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mario Luiz Marques-Piubelli
- Department of Hematopathology; Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Branko Cuglievan
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Ana Maria Medina
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Garces
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Oncológico Nacional Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Karan Saluja
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jie Xu
- Department of Hematopathology
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12
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Coulonval K, Vercruysse V, Paternot S, Pita JM, Corman R, Raspé E, Roger PP. Monoclonal antibodies to activated CDK4: use to investigate normal and cancerous cell cycle regulation and involvement of phosphorylations of p21 and p27. Cell Cycle 2021; 21:12-32. [PMID: 34913830 PMCID: PMC8837260 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1984663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) is a master integrator that couples mitogenic/oncogenic signaling with the cell division cycle. It is deregulated in most cancers and inhibitors of CDK4 have become standard of care drugs for metastatic estrogen-receptor positive breast cancers and are being evaluated in a variety of other cancers. We previously characterized the T-loop phosphorylation at T172 of CDK4 as the highly regulated step that determines the activity of cyclin D-CDK4 complexes. Moreover we demonstrated that the highly variable detection of T172-phosphorylated CDK4 signals the presence or absence of the active CDK4 targeted by the CDK4/6 inhibitory drugs, which predicts the tumor cell sensitivity to these drugs including palbociclib. To date, the phosphorylation of CDK4 has been very poorly studied because only few biochemical techniques and reagents are available for it. In addition, the available ones including 2D-IEF separation of CDK4 modified forms are considered too tedious. The present report describes the generation, selection and characterization of the first monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize the active CDK4 phosphorylated on its T172 residue. One key to this success was the immunization with a long phosphopeptide corresponding to the complete activation segment of CDK4. These monoclonal antibodies specifically recognize T172-phosphorylated CDK4 in a variety of assays, including western blotting, immunoprecipitation and, as a capture antibody, a sensitive ELISA from cell lysates. The specific immunoprecipitation of T172-phosphorylated CDK4 allowed to clarify the involvement of phosphorylations of co-immunoprecipitated p21 and p27, showing a privileged interaction of T172-phosphorylated CDK4 with S130-phosphorylated p21 and S10-phosphorylated p27.
Abbreviations:
2D: two-dimensional; CAK: CDK-activating kinase; CDK: cyclin-dependent kinase; HAT: Hypoxanthine-Aminopterin-Thymidine; FBS: fetal bovine serum; IP: immunoprecipitation; ID: immunodetection; mAb: monoclonal antibody; PAGE: polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; PBS: phosphate buffer saline; pRb: retinoblastoma susceptibility protein; SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate; DTT: dithiotreitol; TET: tetracyclin repressor; Avi: Avi tag; TEV: tobacco etch virus cleavage site; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; BirA: bifunctional protein biotin ligase BirA; IRES: internal ribosome entry site; HIS: poly-HIS purification tag; DELFIA: dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescent immunoassay; 3-MBPP1: 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3[(3-methylphenyl) methyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidin-4-amine; BSA: bovine serum albumin; ECL: Enhanced chemiluminescence
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Coulonval
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm) and ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Vercruysse
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm) and ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabine Paternot
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm) and ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jaime M Pita
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm) and ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robert Corman
- Kaneka Eurogentec, Liège Science Park, Seraing, Belgium
| | - Eric Raspé
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm) and ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre P Roger
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm) and ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
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13
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Regulation of Cell Cycle Progression by Growth Factor-Induced Cell Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123327. [PMID: 34943835 PMCID: PMC8699227 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell, which drives it to divide and produce two new daughter cells. The typical cell cycle in eukaryotes is composed of the following phases: G1, S, G2, and M phase. Cell cycle progression is mediated by cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and their regulatory cyclin subunits. However, the driving force of cell cycle progression is growth factor-initiated signaling pathways that control the activity of various Cdk–cyclin complexes. While the mechanism underlying the role of growth factor signaling in G1 phase of cell cycle progression has been largely revealed due to early extensive research, little is known regarding the function and mechanism of growth factor signaling in regulating other phases of the cell cycle, including S, G2, and M phase. In this review, we briefly discuss the process of cell cycle progression through various phases, and we focus on the role of signaling pathways activated by growth factors and their receptor (mostly receptor tyrosine kinases) in regulating cell cycle progression through various phases.
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14
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Lelliott EJ, McArthur GA, Oliaro J, Sheppard KE. Immunomodulatory Effects of BRAF, MEK, and CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Implications for Combining Targeted Therapy and Immune Checkpoint Blockade for the Treatment of Melanoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:661737. [PMID: 34025662 PMCID: PMC8137893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent advent of targeted and immune-based therapies has revolutionized the treatment of melanoma and transformed outcomes for patients with metastatic disease. The majority of patients develop resistance to the current standard-of-care targeted therapy, dual BRAF and MEK inhibition, prompting evaluation of a new combination incorporating a CDK4/6 inhibitor. Based on promising preclinical data, combined BRAF, MEK and CDK4/6 inhibition has recently entered clinical trials for the treatment of BRAFV600 melanoma. Interestingly, while BRAF- and MEK-targeted therapy was initially developed on the basis of potent tumor-intrinsic effects, it was later discovered to have significant immune-potentiating activity. Recent studies have also identified immune-related impacts of CDK4/6 inhibition, though these are less well defined and can be both immune-potentiating and immune-inhibitory. BRAFV600 melanoma patients are also eligible to receive immunotherapy, specifically checkpoint inhibitors against PD-1 and CTLA-4. The immunomodulatory activity of BRAF/MEK-targeted therapies has prompted interest in combination therapies incorporating these with immune checkpoint inhibitors, however recent clinical trials investigating this approach have produced variable results. Here, we summarize the immunomodulatory effects of BRAF, MEK and CDK4/6 inhibitors, shedding light on the prospective utility of this combination alone and in conjunction with immune checkpoint blockade. Understanding the mechanisms that underpin the clinical efficacy of these available therapies is a critical step forward in optimizing novel combination and scheduling approaches to combat melanoma and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Lelliott
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant A McArthur
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane Oliaro
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karen E Sheppard
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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15
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Hendrychová D, Jorda R, Kryštof V. How selective are clinical CDK4/6 inhibitors? Med Res Rev 2020; 41:1578-1598. [PMID: 33300617 DOI: 10.1002/med.21769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) has emerged as an efficient approach for treating breast cancer, and its clinical potential is expanding to other cancers. CDK4/6 inhibitors were originally believed to act by arresting proliferation in the G1 phase, but it is gradually becoming clear that the cellular response to these compounds is far more complex than this. Multiple context-dependent mechanisms of action are emerging, involving modulation of quiescence, senescence, autophagy, cellular metabolism, and enhanced tumor cell immunogenicity. These mechanisms may be driven by interactions with unexpected targets. We review cellular responses to the Food and Drug Administration-approved CDK4/6 inhibitors palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib, and summarize available knowledge of other drugs undergoing clinical trials, including data on their off-target landscapes. We emphasize the importance of comprehensively characterizing drugs' selectivity profiles to maximize their clinical efficacy and safety and to facilitate their repurposing to treat additional diseases based on their target spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Hendrychová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jorda
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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16
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Li Y, Xiao X, Chen H, Chen Z, Hu K, Yin D. Transcription factor NFYA promotes G1/S cell cycle transition and cell proliferation by transactivating cyclin D1 and CDK4 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2446-2463. [PMID: 32905496 PMCID: PMC7471361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
NFYA (nuclear transcription factor Y, subunit A) is a CCAAT-binding transcription factor. Accumulating evidence suggests that NFYA plays an important role in breast, ovarian, lung and gastric cancer. However, the role of NFYA in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. In this study, it was discovered that the expression of NFYA is elevated in tissues of ccRCC patient and high NFYA expression is linked to poor overall survival in ccRCC patient. Inhibition of G1/S cell cycle transition and decreased cell proliferation were observed upon NFYA knockdown in ccRCC cells. Moreover, further investigation revealed that NFYA binds directly to the promoter region of both CDK4 and cyclin D1 (CCND1) thus transactivating their expression, resulting in RB phosphorylation and the activation of subsequent E2F pathway activation. Taken together, these findings imply the oncogenic role of NFYA in ccRCC progression and its potential as a target for ccRCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Children’s HospitalShenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hengxing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaishun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
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17
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Vilgelm AE, Saleh N, Shattuck-Brandt R, Riemenschneider K, Slesur L, Chen SC, Johnson CA, Yang J, Blevins A, Yan C, Johnson DB, Al-Rohil RN, Halilovic E, Kauffmann RM, Kelley M, Ayers GD, Richmond A. MDM2 antagonists overcome intrinsic resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition by inducing p21. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/505/eaav7171. [PMID: 31413145 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav7171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic resistance of unknown mechanism impedes the clinical utility of inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6i) in malignancies other than breast cancer. Here, we used melanoma patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) to study the mechanisms for CDK4/6i resistance in preclinical settings. We observed that melanoma PDXs resistant to CDK4/6i frequently displayed activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway, and inhibition of this pathway improved CDK4/6i response in a p21-dependent manner. We showed that a target of p21, CDK2, was necessary for proliferation in CDK4/6i-treated cells. Upon treatment with CDK4/6i, melanoma cells up-regulated cyclin D1, which sequestered p21 and another CDK inhibitor, p27, leaving a shortage of p21 and p27 available to bind and inhibit CDK2. Therefore, we tested whether induction of p21 in resistant melanoma cells would render them responsive to CDK4/6i. Because p21 is transcriptionally driven by p53, we coadministered CDK4/6i with a murine double minute (MDM2) antagonist to stabilize p53, allowing p21 accumulation. This resulted in improved antitumor activity in PDXs and in murine melanoma. Furthermore, coadministration of CDK4/6 and MDM2 antagonists with standard of care therapy caused tumor regression. Notably, the molecular features associated with response to CDK4/6 and MDM2 inhibitors in PDXs were recapitulated by an ex vivo organotypic slice culture assay, which could potentially be adopted in the clinic for patient stratification. Our findings provide a rationale for cotargeting CDK4/6 and MDM2 in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Vilgelm
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nabil Saleh
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rebecca Shattuck-Brandt
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kelsie Riemenschneider
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern, Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lauren Slesur
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sheau-Chiann Chen
- Division of Cancer Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Center for Quantitative Sciences, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - C Andrew Johnson
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jinming Yang
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ashlyn Blevins
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Chi Yan
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rami N Al-Rohil
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ensar Halilovic
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rondi M Kauffmann
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mark Kelley
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gregory D Ayers
- Division of Cancer Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Center for Quantitative Sciences, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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18
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Das S, Neelamegam K, Peters WN, Periyasamy R, Pandey KN. Depletion of cyclic-GMP levels and inhibition of cGMP-dependent protein kinase activate p21 Cip1 /p27 Kip1 pathways and lead to renal fibrosis and dysfunction. FASEB J 2020; 34:11925-11943. [PMID: 32686172 PMCID: PMC7540536 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000754r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cycle regulatory proteins (p21Cip1 /p27Kip1 ) inhibit cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complex that promotes fibrosis and hypertrophy. The present study examined the role of CDK blockers, p21Cip1 /p27Kip1 in the progression of renal fibrosis and dysfunction using Npr1 (encoding guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A, GC-A/NPRA) gene-knockout (0-copy; Npr1-/- ), 2-copy (Npr1+/+ ), and 4-copy (Npr1++/++ ) mice treated with GC inhibitor, A71915 and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK) inhibitor, (Rp-8-Br-cGMPS). A significant decrease in renal cGMP levels and cGK activity was observed in 0-copy mice and A71915- and Rp-treated 2-copy and 4-copy mice compared with controls. An increased phosphorylation of Erk1/2, p38, p21Cip1 , and p27Kip1 occurred in 0-copy and A71915-treated 2-copy and 4-copy mice, while Rp treatment caused minimal changes than controls. Pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6) and pro-fibrotic (TGF-β1) cytokines were significantly increased in plasma and kidneys of 0-copy and A71915-treated 2-copy mice, but to lesser extent in 4-copy mice. Progressive renal pathologies, including fibrosis, mesangial matrix expansion, and tubular hypertrophy were observed in 0-copy and A71915-treated 2-copy and 4-copy mice, but minimally occurred in Rp-treated mice compared with controls. These results indicate that Npr1 has pivotal roles in inhibiting renal fibrosis and hypertrophy and exerts protective effects involving cGMP/cGK axis by repressing CDK blockers p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Das
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kandasamy Neelamegam
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Whitney N Peters
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ramu Periyasamy
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kailash N Pandey
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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19
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Abstract
The mammalian cell cycle is driven by a complex of cyclins and their associated cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Abnormal dysregulation of cyclin-CDK is a hallmark of cancer. D-type cyclins and their associated CDKs (CDK4 and CDK6) are key components of cell cycle machinery in driving G1 to S phase transition via phosphorylating and inactivating the retinoblastoma protein (RB). A body of evidence shows that the cyclin Ds-CDKs axis plays a critical role in cancer through various aspects, such as control of proliferation, senescence, migration, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. CDK4/6 dual-inhibitors show significant efficacy in pre-clinical or clinical cancer therapies either as single agents or in combination with hormone, chemotherapy, irradiation or immune treatments. Of note, as the associated partner of D-type cyclins, CDK6 shows multiple distinct functions from CDK4 in cancer. Depletion of the individual CDK may provide a therapeutic strategy for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Gao
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Gustavo W Leone
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Haizhen Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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20
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Nicholson HE, Tariq Z, Housden BE, Jennings RB, Stransky LA, Perrimon N, Signoretti S, Kaelin WG. HIF-independent synthetic lethality between CDK4/6 inhibition and VHL loss across species. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/601/eaay0482. [PMID: 31575731 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aay0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of the VHL tumor suppressor gene is the signature initiating event in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common form of kidney cancer, and causes the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α). HIF-2α inhibitors are effective in some ccRCC cases, but both de novo and acquired resistance have been observed in the laboratory and in the clinic. Here, we identified synthetic lethality between decreased activity of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) and VHL inactivation in two species (human and Drosophila) and across diverse human ccRCC cell lines in culture and xenografts. Although HIF-2α transcriptionally induced the CDK4/6 partner cyclin D1, HIF-2α was not required for the increased CDK4/6 requirement of VHL-/- ccRCC cells. Accordingly, the antiproliferative effects of CDK4/6 inhibition were synergistic with HIF-2α inhibition in HIF-2α-dependent VHL-/- ccRCC cells and not antagonistic with HIF-2α inhibition in HIF-2α-independent cells. These findings support testing CDK4/6 inhibitors as treatments for ccRCC, alone and in combination with HIF-2α inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary E Nicholson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zeshan Tariq
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Rebecca B Jennings
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laura A Stransky
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William G Kaelin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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21
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Wang C, Zheng P, Adeniran SO, Ma M, Huang F, Adegoke EO, Zhang G. Thyroid hormone (T 3) is involved in inhibiting the proliferation of newborn calf Sertoli cells via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in vitro. Theriogenology 2019; 133:1-9. [PMID: 31051388 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The experiment was designed to study the effects of Thyroid hormone (T3) on the proliferation and differentiation of newborn calf Sertoli cells (SCs) to provide a theoretical and practical basis for increased testicular semen production. In this experiment, the cck8 method was used to detect the effects of different concentrations of T3 on the proliferation rate of newborn calf SCs. qPCR and Western Blot methods were used to explore the effects of T3 on the proliferation and differentiation of calves SCs and whether T3 through Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt pathways can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of SCs. We found that dosage (T3) and time correlated with proliferation inhibition of SC. T3 inhibited the proliferation of SC by down-regulating cyclinD1, upregulating p21Cip, p27Kip1, and other cell-cycle factors. By up-regulating AR and down-regulating KRT-18, T3 promoted the maturated differentiation of SC. T3 could not affect the expression of β-catenin in SC of newborn calf, indicating that T3 may not regulate SCs proliferation through the Wnt pathway. T3 also negatively regulated the gene expression and protein levels of some genes in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. We concluded that T3 inhibited newborn calf SCs proliferation through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and possibly promoted their differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Peng Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - S O Adeniran
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Mingjun Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Fushuo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - E O Adegoke
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Guixue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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22
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Vasjari L, Bresan S, Biskup C, Pai G, Rubio I. Ras signals principally via Erk in G1 but cooperates with PI3K/Akt for Cyclin D induction and S-phase entry. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:204-225. [PMID: 30560710 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1560205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies exploring oncogenic Ras or manipulating physiological Ras signalling have established an irrefutable role for Ras as driver of cell cycle progression. Despite this wealth of information the precise signalling timeline and effectors engaged by Ras, particularly during G1, remain obscure as approaches for Ras inhibition are slow-acting and ill-suited for charting discrete Ras signalling episodes along the cell cycle. We have developed an approach based on the inducible recruitment of a Ras-GAP that enforces endogenous Ras inhibition within minutes. Applying this strategy to inhibit Ras stepwise in synchronous cell populations revealed that Ras signaling was required well into G1 for Cyclin D induction, pocket protein phosphorylation and S-phase entry, irrespective of whether cells emerged from quiescence or G2/M. Unexpectedly, Erk, and not PI3K/Akt or Ral was activated by Ras at mid-G1, albeit PI3K/Akt signalling was a necessary companion of Ras/Erk for sustaining cyclin-D levels and G1/S transition. Our findings chart mitogenic signaling by endogenous Ras during G1 and identify limited effector engagement restricted to Raf/MEK/Erk as a cogent distinction from oncogenic Ras signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ledia Vasjari
- a Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine , Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany
| | - Stephanie Bresan
- a Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine , Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany
| | - Christoph Biskup
- b Biomolecular Photonics Group , Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany
| | - Govind Pai
- a Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine , Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany
| | - Ignacio Rubio
- a Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine , Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany
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23
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Garces S, Yin CC, Patel KP, Khoury JD, Manning JT, Li S, Xu J, Pina-Oviedo S, Johnson MR, González S, Molgó M, Ruiz-Cordero R, Medeiros LJ. Focal Rosai-Dorfman disease coexisting with lymphoma in the same anatomic site: a localized histiocytic proliferation associated with MAPK/ERK pathway activation. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:16-26. [PMID: 30323237 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare histiocytic disorder shown to have gene mutations that activate the MAPK/ERK pathway in at least one-third of cases. Most patients with Rosai-Dorfman disease present with bulky lymphadenopathy or extranodal disease, but rarely Rosai-Dorfman disease is detected concomitantly with lymphoma in the same biopsy specimen. The underlying molecular mechanisms of focal Rosai-Dorfman disease occurring in the setting of lymphoma have not been investigated. We report 12 cases of Rosai-Dorfman disease and lymphoma involving the same anatomic site. There were five men and seven women (age, 23 to 77 years) who underwent lymph node (n = 11) or skin (n = 1) biopsy; the lymphomas included nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 6), classical Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 4), small lymphocytic lymphoma (n = 1) and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (n = 1). The foci of Rosai-Dorfman disease in all cases had S100 protein-positive histiocytes undergoing emperipolesis. No patients had Rosai-Dorfman disease at other anatomic sites at initial diagnosis and at last follow-up (median, 40 months). We performed immunohistochemical analysis to assess activity of the MAPK/ERK pathway in the Rosai-Dorfman disease foci. We also micro-dissected disease foci and analyzed 146 genes using next-generation sequencing in four cases with adequate DNA; the panel included genes previously reported to be mutated in Rosai-Dorfman disease. All cases were negative for gene mutations. Nevertheless, all cases were positive for cyclin D1 and most cases showed p-ERK expression indicating that the MAPK/ERK pathway is active in the histiocytes of focal Rosai-Dorfman disease. We conclude that focal Rosai-Dorfman disease coexisting with lymphoma is a clinically benign and localized histiocytic proliferation. These data also indicate that the MAPK/ERK pathway is active in focal Rosai-Dorfman disease although we did not identify activating mutations. These findings suggest that the pathogenesis of focal Rosai-Dorfman disease is different from that of usual cases of Rosai-Dorfman disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Garces
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C Cameron Yin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keyur P Patel
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph D Khoury
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John T Manning
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shaoying Li
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sergio Pina-Oviedo
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Malisha R Johnson
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sergio González
- Department of Pathology, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Montserrat Molgó
- Department of Dermatology, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Ruiz-Cordero
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Lee T, Kim K, Lee J, Park SH, Park YS, Lim HY, Kang WK, Park JO, Kim ST. Antitumor activity of sorafenib plus CDK4/6 inhibitor in pancreatic patient derived cell with KRAS mutation. J Cancer 2018; 9:3394-3399. [PMID: 30271501 PMCID: PMC6160685 DOI: 10.7150/jca.26068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutation has been known as crucial marker for growth and maintenance of pancreatic cancer (PC) and targeting the KRAS is inevitable component for realizing precision medicine to PC. We established patient-derived tumor cells (PDCs) from patient with KRAS G12R mutant PC. Through the PDC, we investigated the therapeutic impact of sorafenib alone, LEE001 alone and the combination of sorafenib and LEE001 in KRAS mutant PC. For the validation, we also tested a cell viability assay for sorafenib, LEE001, and sorafenib plus LEE001 in KRAS G12R transfected HEK293T cells. Based on MTT proliferation assays using PDCs, values of IC50 were 6.07 uM to sorafenib and > 10.00 uM to LEE001, respectively. The value of IC50 of the combination (sorafenib plus LEE001) was 3.19 uM. Cell proliferation of PDC was significantly inhibited by sorafenib plus LEE001, as compared to sorafenib monotherapy and LEE001 monotherapy. In the validation through KRAS G12R transfected HEK293T cells, consistent to findings in PDCs, combinations of sorafenib plus LEE001 had most effective inhibitory effect in KRAS G12R transfected HEK293T cells. Furthermore, on analyzing the regulation of targeted downstream pathways upon exposure to sorafenib, LEE001, and sorafenib plus LEE001 by immunoblot assay using KRAS G12R transfected HEK293T cells, AKT phosphorylation was distinctively decreased in KRAS G12R transfected HEL293 cells after only sorafenib plus LEE001. This study suggests that the combination of RAF and CDK4/6 inhibitors might be a novel treatment strategy for KRAS G12R mutant pancreatic cancer. The antitumor effect of RAF plus CDK4/6 inhibitors also needs to be evaluated in other subtypes of KRAS mutation in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyang Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Hoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Suk Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Yeong Lim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Oh Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lang PY, Gershon TR. A New Way to Treat Brain Tumors: Targeting Proteins Coded by Microcephaly Genes?: Brain tumors and microcephaly arise from opposing derangements regulating progenitor growth. Drivers of microcephaly could be attractive brain tumor targets. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1700243. [PMID: 29577351 PMCID: PMC5910257 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
New targets for brain tumor therapies may be identified by mutations that cause hereditary microcephaly. Brain growth depends on the repeated proliferation of stem and progenitor cells. Microcephaly syndromes result from mutations that specifically impair the ability of brain progenitor or stem cells to proliferate, by inducing either premature differentiation or apoptosis. Brain tumors that derive from brain progenitor or stem cells may share many of the specific requirements of their cells of origin. These tumors may therefore be susceptible to disruptions of the protein products of genes that are mutated in microcephaly. The potential for the products of microcephaly genes to be therapeutic targets in brain tumors are highlighted hereby reviewing research on EG5, KIF14, ASPM, CDK6, and ATR. Treatments that disrupt these proteins may open new avenues for brain tumor therapy that have increased efficacy and decreased toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y. Lang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Timothy R. Gershon
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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26
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Sherr CJ, Sicinski P. The D-Type Cyclins: A Historical Perspective. D-TYPE CYCLINS AND CANCER 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-64451-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kalluri HS, Kuo JS, Dempsey RJ. Chronic D609 treatment interferes with cell cycle and targets the expression of Olig2 in Glioma Stem like Cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 814:81-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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78495111110.3390/cancers9050052" />
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is commonly upregulated in cancers such as in non-small-cell lung cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer, glioblastoma, head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer. Various mechanisms mediate the upregulation of EGFR activity, including common mutations and truncations to its extracellular domain, such as in the EGFRvIII truncations, as well as to its kinase domain, such as the L858R and T790M mutations, or the exon 19 truncation. These EGFR aberrations over-activate downstream pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK MAPK and AKT-PI3K-mTOR pathways. These pathways then activate many biological outputs that are beneficial to cancer cell proliferation, including their chronic initiation and progression through the cell cycle. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that regulate EGFR signal transduction, including the EGFR structure and its mutations, ligand binding and EGFR dimerization, as well as the signaling pathways that lead to G1 cell cycle progression. We focus on the induction of CYCLIN D expression, CDK4/6 activation, and the repression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins (CDKi) by EGFR signaling pathways. We also discuss the successes and challenges of EGFR-targeted therapies, and the potential for their use in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Wee P, Wang Z. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Cell Proliferation Signaling Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9050052. [PMID: 28513565 PMCID: PMC5447962 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9050052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1022] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is commonly upregulated in cancers such as in non-small-cell lung cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer, glioblastoma, head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer. Various mechanisms mediate the upregulation of EGFR activity, including common mutations and truncations to its extracellular domain, such as in the EGFRvIII truncations, as well as to its kinase domain, such as the L858R and T790M mutations, or the exon 19 truncation. These EGFR aberrations over-activate downstream pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK MAPK and AKT-PI3K-mTOR pathways. These pathways then activate many biological outputs that are beneficial to cancer cell proliferation, including their chronic initiation and progression through the cell cycle. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that regulate EGFR signal transduction, including the EGFR structure and its mutations, ligand binding and EGFR dimerization, as well as the signaling pathways that lead to G1 cell cycle progression. We focus on the induction of CYCLIN D expression, CDK4/6 activation, and the repression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins (CDKi) by EGFR signaling pathways. We also discuss the successes and challenges of EGFR-targeted therapies, and the potential for their use in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wee
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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Magiera K, Tomala M, Kubica K, De Cesare V, Trost M, Zieba BJ, Kachamakova-Trojanowska N, Les M, Dubin G, Holak TA, Skalniak L. Lithocholic Acid Hydroxyamide Destabilizes Cyclin D1 and Induces G 0/G 1 Arrest by Inhibiting Deubiquitinase USP2a. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:458-470.e18. [PMID: 28343940 PMCID: PMC5404848 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
USP2a is a deubiquitinase responsible for stabilization of cyclin D1, a crucial regulator of cell-cycle progression and a proto-oncoprotein overexpressed in numerous cancer types. Here we report that lithocholic acid (LCA) derivatives are inhibitors of USP proteins, including USP2a. The most potent LCA derivative, LCA hydroxyamide (LCAHA), inhibits USP2a, leading to a significant Akt/GSK3β-independent destabilization of cyclin D1, but does not change the expression of p27. This leads to the defects in cell-cycle progression. As a result, LCAHA inhibits the growth of cyclin D1-expressing, but not cyclin D1-negative cells, independently of the p53 status. We show that LCA derivatives may be considered as future therapeutics for the treatment of cyclin D1-addicted p53-expressing and p53-defective cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Magiera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Tomala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kubica
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Virginia De Cesare
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Matthias Trost
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Bartosz J Zieba
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Neli Kachamakova-Trojanowska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Les
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Dubin
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tad A Holak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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Garrido-Castro AC, Goel S. CDK4/6 Inhibition in Breast Cancer: Mechanisms of Response and Treatment Failure. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2017; 9:26-33. [PMID: 28479958 PMCID: PMC5414585 DOI: 10.1007/s12609-017-0232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe the role of D-type cyclins and CDKs 4 and 6 in breast cancer, and to discuss potential biomarkers for sensitivity or resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors. RECENT FINDINGS A small number of preclinical and clinical studies have explored potential mechanisms of CDK4/6 inhibitor response and resistance in breast cancer. Putative markers of response include ER-positivity, luminal patterns of gene expression, high cyclin D1 levels, and low p16 levels. Possible resistance mechanisms include loss of Rb function, overexpression/amplification of cyclin E, and CDK6 amplification. Most these remain speculative and have not been validated in clinical specimens. SUMMARY If early successes with CDK4/6 inhibitors are to be capitalized upon, it is critical that our understanding of CDK4/6 biology in breast cancer extends beyond its current rudimentary state. Only then we will be able to develop rational therapeutic combinations that further enhance the efficacy of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Garrido-Castro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shom Goel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Núñez KG, Gonzalez-Rosario J, Thevenot PT, Cohen AJ. Cyclin D1 in the Liver: Role of Noncanonical Signaling in Liver Steatosis and Hormone Regulation. Ochsner J 2017; 17:56-65. [PMID: 28331449 PMCID: PMC5349637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin D1 is an important protein for cell cycle progression; however, functions independent of the cell cycle have been described in the liver. Cyclin D1 is also involved in DNA repair, is overexpressed in many cancers, and functions as a proto-oncogene. The lesser-known roles of Cyclin D1, specifically in hepatocytes, impact liver steatosis and hormone regulation in the liver. METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed was conducted using the keywords Cyclin D1, steatosis, lipogenesis, and liver transplantation. In this article, we review the results from this literature search, with a focus on the role of Cyclin D1 in hepatic lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis, as well as the impact and function of this protein in hepatic steatosis. RESULTS Cyclin D1 represses carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) and results in a decrease in transcription of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC). Cyclin D1 also inhibits peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) which is involved in hepatic lipogenesis. Cyclin D1 inhibits both hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) and represses transcription of lipogenic genes FAS and liver-type pyruvate kinase (Pklr), along with the gluconeogenic genes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase). CONCLUSION Cyclin D1 represses multiple proteins involved in both lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis in the liver. Targeting Cyclin D1 to decrease hepatic steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or alcoholic fatty liver disease may help improve patient health and the quality of the donor liver pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley G. Núñez
- Institute of Translational Research, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA
| | | | - Paul T. Thevenot
- Institute of Translational Research, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA
| | - Ari J. Cohen
- Multi-Organ Transplant Institute, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA
- The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, LA
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Qie S, Diehl JA. Cyclin D1, cancer progression, and opportunities in cancer treatment. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:1313-1326. [PMID: 27695879 PMCID: PMC5145738 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells encode three D cyclins (D1, D2, and D3) that coordinately function as allosteric regulators of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6 to regulate cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase. Cyclin expression, accumulation, and degradation, as well as assembly and activation of CDK4/CDK6 are governed by growth factor stimulation. Cyclin D1 is more frequently dysregulated than cyclin D2 or D3 in human cancers, and as such, it has been more extensively characterized. Overexpression of cyclin D1 results in dysregulated CDK activity, rapid cell growth under conditions of restricted mitogenic signaling, bypass of key cellular checkpoints, and ultimately, neoplastic growth. This review discusses cyclin D1 transcriptional, translational, and post-translational regulations and its biological function with a particular focus on the mechanisms that result in its dysregulation in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Qie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - J Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Oh HR, Kim J, Kim J. Critical roles of Cyclin D1 in mouse embryonic fibroblast cell reprogramming. FEBS J 2016; 283:4549-4568. [PMID: 27790870 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although pluripotent stem cells hold great promise in the fields of human disease modeling and regenerative medicine, the molecular basis of Oct-4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM)-induced cellular reprogramming remains unclear. To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in cellular reprogramming, we studied the immediate effects of expression of the OSKM reprogramming factors on mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in this study. Induction of the OSKM reprogramming factors significantly altered primary MEF growth properties. Although MEFs not expressing the reprogramming factors underwent replicative senescence within 9-12 days in culture, MEFs expressing the four reprogramming factors proliferated continuously throughout the duration of the experiment, suggesting that the expression of the OSKM reprogramming factors inhibits or delays replicative senescence. Cell cycle progression by the reprogramming factors was accompanied by the accumulation of Cyclin D1 through the early stages of reprogramming in MEFs, leading us to hypothesize that it might play a positive role in cellular reprogramming. Consistent with this hypothesis, forced Cyclin D1 expression enhanced reprogramming if administered concomitant with expression of the OSKM reprogramming factors. Most importantly, unlike wild-type MEFs expressing reprogramming factors, the number of emerging alkaline phosphatase-positive cyclin D1-null colonies was significantly reduced and cyclin D1-null MEFs were unable to initiate mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. Our studies demonstrate that cyclin D1 is an essential gene in the reprogramming process and that activation of cyclin D1 by reprogramming factors is an important process for somatic cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Rim Oh
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junghoon Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungho Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
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Song JY, Song L, Herrera AF, Venkatarman G, Murata-Collins JL, Bedell V, Chen YY, Kim YS, Tadros R, Nathwani BN, Weisenburger DD, Feldman AL. Cyclin D1 expression in peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:1306-1312. [PMID: 27469326 PMCID: PMC5576450 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin D1 is an important regulator of the cell cycle and overexpression of this protein by immunohistochemistry is characteristically seen in mantle cell lymphoma and other B-cell neoplasms. However, little is known about the expression of this protein in T-cell lymphomas. Cyclin-dependent kinase pathway inhibitors are in development, therefore identifying cyclin D1-positive T-cell lymphomas may provide a therapeutic target in a disease where novel treatments are urgently needed. We collected 200 peripheral T-cell lymphomas from three institutions including the following types of cases: 34 anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK+, 44 anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK negative, 68 peripheral T-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified, 24 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas, 7 extranodal NK/T-cell lymphomas, 4 enteropathy associated T-cell lymphomas, 3 hepatosplenic T-cell lymphomas, 12 cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, and 4 large granular lymphocytic leukemias. Immunohistochemical stains for cyclin D1 protein (SP4 clone) were performed on paraffin-embedded tissue. In a subset of cases, IGH/CCND1 fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was also performed. Cyclin D1 staining was predominantly seen in anaplastic large cell lymphoma, including 8 of 34 cases with ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma (24%), and 3 of 44 cases of ALK-negative (7%) anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Three cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, were also positive (3/68, 4%). All other T-cell lymphomas were negative for cyclin D1. In four of the cyclin D1-positive T-cell lymphomas by immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was negative for IGH/CCND1 translocation or extra copies of the CCND1 gene. Cyclin D1 overexpression by immunohistochemistry is not limited to B-cell lymphomas and is also observed in some peripheral T-cell lymphomas, particularly in anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK+. Cyclin D1 expression was not associated with extra copies or translocation of the CCND1 gene. Cyclin D1 overexpression may be the result of a post-translational phenomenon and may represent a potential therapeutic target using agents that target the cyclin-dependent kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Y. Song
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA,Corresponding author: Joo Y. Song, MD, City of Hope National Medical Center, Department of Pathology, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010,
| | - Liping Song
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Alex F. Herrera
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | | | | | - Victoria Bedell
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Yuan Yuan Chen
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Young S. Kim
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Reda Tadros
- Department of Pathology, Chino Valley Medical Center, Chino, CA
| | - Bharat N. Nathwani
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | | | - Andrew L. Feldman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Gradziel CS, Jordan PA, Jewel D, Dufort FJ, Miller SJ, Chiles TC, Roberts MF. d-3-Deoxy-dioctanoylphosphatidylinositol induces cytotoxicity in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells via a mechanism that involves downregulation of the D-type cyclin-retinoblastoma pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1861:1808-1815. [PMID: 27600289 PMCID: PMC5115159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol analogs (PIAs) were originally designed to bind competitively to the Akt PH domain and prevent membrane translocation and activation. d-3-Deoxy-dioctanoylphosphatidylinositol (d-3-deoxy-diC8PI), but not compounds with altered inositol stereochemistry (e.g., l-3-deoxy-diC8PI and l-3,5-dideoxy-diC8PI), is cytotoxic. However, high resolution NMR field cycling relaxometry shows that both cytotoxic and non-toxic PIAs bind to the Akt1 PH domain at the site occupied by the cytotoxic alkylphospholipid perifosine. This suggests that another mechanism for cytotoxicity must account for the difference in efficacy of the synthetic short-chain PIAs. In MCF-7 breast cancer cells, with little constitutively active Akt, d-3-deoxy-diC8PI (but not l-compounds) decreases viability concomitant with increased cleavage of PARP and caspase 9, indicative of apoptosis. d-3-Deoxy-diC8PI also induces a decrease in endogenous levels of cyclins D1 and D3 and blocks downstream retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. siRNA-mediated depletion of cyclin D1, but not cyclin D3, reduces MCF-7 cell proliferation. Thus, growth arrest and cytotoxicity induced by the soluble d-3-deoxy-diC8PI occur by a mechanism that involves downregulation of the D-type cyclin-pRb pathway independent of its interaction with Akt. This ability to downregulate D-type cyclins contributes, at least in part, to the anti-proliferative activity of d-3-deoxy-diC8PI and may be a common feature of other cytotoxic phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S Gradziel
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
| | - Peter A Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Delilah Jewel
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
| | - Fay J Dufort
- Department of Biology, Higgins Hall, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
| | - Scott J Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Thomas C Chiles
- Department of Biology, Higgins Hall, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
| | - Mary F Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
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Sherr CJ, Beach D, Shapiro GI. Targeting CDK4 and CDK6: From Discovery to Therapy. Cancer Discov 2016; 6:353-67. [PMID: 26658964 PMCID: PMC4821753 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-0894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 661] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Biochemical and genetic characterization of D-type cyclins, their cyclin D-dependent kinases (CDK4 and CDK6), and the polypeptide CDK4/6 inhibitor p16(INK4)over two decades ago revealed how mammalian cells regulate entry into the DNA synthetic (S) phase of the cell-division cycle in a retinoblastoma protein-dependent manner. These investigations provided proof-of-principle that CDK4/6 inhibitors, particularly when combined with coinhibition of allied mitogen-dependent signal transduction pathways, might prove valuable in cancer therapy. FDA approval of the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib used with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole for breast cancer treatment highlights long-sought success. The newest findings herald clinical trials targeting other cancers. SIGNIFICANCE Rapidly emerging data with selective inhibitors of CDK4/6 have validated these cell-cycle kinases as anticancer drug targets, corroborating longstanding preclinical predictions. This review addresses the discovery of these CDKs and their regulators, as well as translation of CDK4/6 biology to positive clinical outcomes and development of rational combinatorial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Sherr
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD. Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.
| | - David Beach
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey I Shapiro
- Early Drug Development Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Kato A, Naiki-Ito A, Nakazawa T, Hayashi K, Naitoh I, Miyabe K, Shimizu S, Kondo H, Nishi Y, Yoshida M, Umemura S, Hori Y, Mori T, Tsutsumi M, Kuno T, Suzuki S, Kato H, Ohara H, Joh T, Takahashi S. Chemopreventive effect of resveratrol and apocynin on pancreatic carcinogenesis via modulation of nuclear phosphorylated GSK3β and ERK1/2. Oncotarget 2015; 6:42963-75. [PMID: 26556864 PMCID: PMC4767484 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in clinical cancer medicine in multiple fields, the prognosis of pancreatic cancer has remained dismal. Recently, chemopreventive strategies using phytochemicals have gained considerable attention as an alternative in the management of cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the chemopreventive effects of resveratrol (RV) and apocynin (AC) in N-Nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine-induced pancreatic carcinogenesis in hamster. RV- and AC-treated hamsters showed significant reduction in the incidence of pancreatic cancer with a decrease in Ki-67 labeling index in dysplastic lesions. RV and AC suppressed cell proliferation of human and hamster pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting the G1 phase of the cell cycle with cyclin D1 downregulation and inactivation of AKT-GSK3β and ERK1/2 signaling. Further, decreased levels of GSK3β(Ser9) and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cyclin D1 expression in the nuclear fraction were observed in cells treated with RV or AC. Nuclear expression of phosphorylated GSK3β(Ser9) was also decreased in dysplastic lesions and adenocarcinomas of hamsters treated with RV or AC in vivo. These results suggest that RV and AC reduce phosphorylated GSK3β(Ser9) and ERK1/2 in the nucleus, resulting in inhibition of the AKT-GSK3β and ERK1/2 signaling pathways and cell cycle arrest in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, the present study indicates that RV and AC have potential as chemopreventive agents for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Kato
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- 2 Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakazawa
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hayashi
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Itaru Naitoh
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miyabe
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuya Shimizu
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromu Kondo
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishi
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michihiro Yoshida
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Umemura
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuki Hori
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshio Mori
- 4 Radioisotope Research Center, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsutsumi
- 5 Department of Pathology, Saiseikai Chuwa Hospital, Sakurai, Nara, Japan
| | - Toshiya Kuno
- 2 Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shugo Suzuki
- 2 Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- 2 Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ohara
- 3 Department of Community-based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Joh
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- 2 Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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CDK6-a review of the past and a glimpse into the future: from cell-cycle control to transcriptional regulation. Oncogene 2015; 35:3083-91. [PMID: 26500059 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The G1 cell-cycle kinase CDK6 has long been thought of as a redundant homolog of CDK4. Although the two kinases have very similar roles in cell-cycle progression, it has recently become apparent that they differ in tissue-specific functions and contribute differently to tumor development. CDK6 is directly involved in transcription in tumor cells and in hematopoietic stem cells. These functions point to a role of CDK6 in tissue homeostasis and differentiation that is partially independent of CDK6's kinase activity and is not shared with CDK4. We review the literature on the contribution of CDK6 to transcription in an attempt to link the new findings on CDK6's transcriptional activity to cell-cycle progression. Finally, we note that anticancer therapies based on the inhibition of CDK6 kinase activity fail to take into account its kinase-independent role in tumor development.
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40
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Gruosso T, Garnier C, Abelanet S, Kieffer Y, Lemesre V, Bellanger D, Bieche I, Marangoni E, Sastre-Garau X, Mieulet V, Mechta-Grigoriou F. MAP3K8/TPL-2/COT is a potential predictive marker for MEK inhibitor treatment in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8583. [PMID: 26456302 PMCID: PMC4633961 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a silent disease with a poor prognosis that urgently requires new therapeutic strategies. In low-grade ovarian tumours, mutations in the MAP3K BRAF gene constitutively activate the downstream kinase MEK. Here we demonstrate that an additional MAP3K, MAP3K8 (TPL-2/COT), accumulates in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSCs) and is a potential prognostic marker for these tumours. By combining analyses on HGSC patient cohorts, ovarian cancer cells and patient-derived xenografts, we demonstrate that MAP3K8 controls cancer cell proliferation and migration by regulating key players in G1/S transition and adhesion dynamics. In addition, we show that the MEK pathway is the main pathway involved in mediating MAP3K8 function, and that MAP3K8 exhibits a reliable predictive value for the effectiveness of MEK inhibitor treatment. Our data highlight key roles for MAP3K8 in HGSC and indicate that MEK inhibitors could be a useful treatment strategy, in combination with conventional chemotherapy, for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Gruosso
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Camille Garnier
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Sophie Abelanet
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Yann Kieffer
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Vincent Lemesre
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Dorine Bellanger
- Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France.,Genomics and Biology of the Hereditary Breast Cancers, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France
| | - Ivan Bieche
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France
| | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Translational Research Department, Laboratory of Precinical Investigation, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France
| | | | - Virginie Mieulet
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
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41
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Association of CCND1 overexpression with KRAS and PTEN alterations in specific subtypes of non-small cell lung carcinoma and its influence on patients' outcome. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8773-80. [PMID: 26055143 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 is one of the major cellular oncogenes, overexpressed in number of human cancers, including non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). However, it does not exert tumorigenic activity by itself, but rather cooperates with other altered oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Therefore, in the present study, we have examined mutual role of cyclin D1, KRAS, and PTEN alterations in the pathogenesis of NSCLC and their potential to serve as multiple molecular markers for this disease. CCND1 gene amplification and gene expression were analyzed in relation to mutational status of KRAS gene as well as to PTEN alterations (loss of heterozygosity and promoter hypermethylation) in NSCLC patient samples. Moreover, the effect of these co-alterations on patient survival was examined. Amplified CCND1 gene was exclusively associated with increased gene expression. Statistical analyses also revealed significant association between CCND1 overexpression and KRAS mutations in the whole group and in the groups of patients with adenocarcinoma, grade 1/2, and stage I/II. In addition, CCND1 overexpression was significantly related to PTEN promoter hypermethylation in the whole group and in the group of patients with squamous cell carcinoma and lymph node invasion. These joint alterations also significantly shortened patients' survival and were shown to be an independent factor for adverse prognosis. Overall results point that cyclin D1 expression cooperates with KRAS and PTEN alterations in pathogenesis of NSCLC, and they could serve as potential multiple molecular markers for specific subgroups of NSCLC patients as well as prognostic markers for this type of cancer.
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42
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Xiang Y, Yan H, Zhou J, Zhang Q, Hanley G, Caudle Y, LeSage G, Zhang X, Yin D. The role of toll-like receptor 9 in chronic stress-induced apoptosis in macrophage. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123447. [PMID: 25885582 PMCID: PMC4401452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence implied that chronic stress has been exerting detrimental impact on immune system functions in both humans and animals. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been shown to play an essential role in modulating immune responses and cell survival. We have recently shown that TLR9 deficiency protects against lymphocyte apoptosis induced by chronic stress. However, the exact role of TLR9 in stress-mediated change of macrophage function remains unclear. The results of the current study showed that when BALB/c mice were treated with restraint stress (12 h daily for 2 days), the number of macrophages recruited to the peritoneal cavity was obviously increased. Results also demonstrated that the sustained effects of stress elevated cytokine IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10 production yet diminished IFN-γ production from macrophage, which led to apoptotic cell death. However, TLR9 deficiency prevented the chronic stress-mediated accumulation of macrophages. In addition, knocking out TLR9 significantly abolished the chronic stress-induced imbalance of cytokine levels and apoptosis in macrophage. TLR9 deficiency was also found to reverse elevation of plasma IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-17 levels and decrease of plasma IFN-γ level under the condition of chronic stress. These results indicated that TLR9-mediated macrophage responses were required for chronic stress-induced immunosuppression. Further exploration showed that TLR9 deficiency prevented the increment of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and reduction of Akt/Gsk-3β phosphorylation; TLR9 deficiency also attenuated the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into cytoplasm, caused upregulation of Bcl-2/Bax protein ratio, downregulation of cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP, as well as decreased TUNEL-positive cells in macrophage of stressed mice. Collectively, our studies demonstrated that deficiency of TLR9 maintained macrophage function by modulating macrophage accumulation and attenuating macrophage apoptosis, thus preventing immunosuppression in restraint-stressed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Xiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, United States of America
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, United States of America
| | - Gregory Hanley
- Laboratory Animal Resources, College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, United States of America
| | - Yi Caudle
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, United States of America
| | - Gene LeSage
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, United States of America
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (DY)
| | - Deling Yin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XZ); (DY)
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43
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Asghar U, Witkiewicz AK, Turner NC, Knudsen ES. The history and future of targeting cyclin-dependent kinases in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 14:130-46. [PMID: 25633797 PMCID: PMC4480421 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1223] [Impact Index Per Article: 135.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cancer represents a pathological manifestation of uncontrolled cell division; therefore, it has long been anticipated that our understanding of the basic principles of cell cycle control would result in effective cancer therapies. In particular, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) that promote transition through the cell cycle were expected to be key therapeutic targets because many tumorigenic events ultimately drive proliferation by impinging on CDK4 or CDK6 complexes in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, perturbations in chromosomal stability and aspects of S phase and G2/M control mediated by CDK2 and CDK1 are pivotal tumorigenic events. Translating this knowledge into successful clinical development of CDK inhibitors has historically been challenging, and numerous CDK inhibitors have demonstrated disappointing results in clinical trials. Here, we review the biology of CDKs, the rationale for therapeutically targeting discrete kinase complexes and historical clinical results of CDK inhibitors. We also discuss how CDK inhibitors with high selectivity (particularly for both CDK4 and CDK6), in combination with patient stratification, have resulted in more substantial clinical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Asghar
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Agnieszka K Witkiewicz
- Simmons Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, USA
| | - Nicholas C Turner
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust Breast Cancer Unit, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Erik S Knudsen
- Simmons Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, USA
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44
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Su C, Zhang C, Tecle A, Fu X, He J, Song J, Zhang W, Sun X, Ren Y, Silvennoinen O, Yao Z, Yang X, Wei M, Yang J. Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (Tudor-SN), a novel regulator facilitating G1/S phase transition, acting as a co-activator of E2F-1 in cell cycle regulation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7208-20. [PMID: 25627688 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.625046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (Tudor-SN) is a multifunctional protein implicated in a variety of cellular processes. In the present study, we identified Tudor-SN as a novel regulator in cell cycle. Tudor-SN was abundant in proliferating cells whereas barely expressed in terminally differentiated cells. Functional analysis indicated that ectopic overexpression of Tudor-SN promoted the G1/S transition, whereas knockdown of Tudor-SN caused G1 arrest. Moreover, the live-cell time-lapse experiment demonstrated that the cell cycle of MEF(-/-) (knock-out of Tudor-SN in mouse embryonic fibroblasts) was prolonged compared with wild-type MEF(+/+). We noticed that Tudor-SN was constantly expressed in every cell cycle phase, but was highly phosphorylated in the G1/S border. Further study revealed that Tudor-SN was a potential substrate of Cdk2/4/6, supportively, we found the physical interaction of endogenous Tudor-SN with Cdk4/6 in G1 and the G1/S border, and with Cdk2 in the G1/S border and S phase. In addition, roscovitine (Cdk1/2/5 inhibitor) or CINK4 (Cdk4/6 inhibitor) could inhibit the phosphorylation of Tudor-SN, whereas ectopic overexpression of Cdk2/4/6 increased the Tudor-SN phosphorylation. The underlying molecular mechanisms indicated that Tudor-SN could physically interact with E2F-1 in vivo, and could enhance the physical association of E2F-1 with GCN5 (a cofactor of E2F-1, which possesses histone acetyltransferase activity), and promote the binding ability of E2F-1 to the promoter region of its target genes CYCLIN A and E2F-1, and as a result, facilitate the gene transcriptional activation. Taken together, Tudor-SN is identified as a novel co-activator of E2F-1, which could facilitate E2F-1-mediated gene transcriptional activation of target genes, which play essential roles in G1/S transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Su
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Adiam Tecle
- Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xue Fu
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jinyan He
- the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Juan Song
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Olli Silvennoinen
- the Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 8, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland, and
| | - Zhi Yao
- Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xi Yang
- the Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Minxin Wei
- the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jie Yang
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 8, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland, and
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45
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Shimura T, Kobayashi J, Komatsu K, Kunugita N. DNA damage signaling guards against perturbation of cyclin D1 expression triggered by low-dose long-term fractionated radiation. Oncogenesis 2014; 3:e132. [PMID: 25486524 PMCID: PMC4275562 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2014.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 expression is precisely controlled during cell-cycle progression. However, repeated exposure to low-dose fractionated radiation (FR) abrogates cell cycle-dependent cyclin D1 degradation by constitutive activation of AKT survival signaling in normal human fibroblasts. The resulting abnormal nuclear cyclin D1 accumulation induces defects in DNA replication and resulting DNA double-strand breaks, and is associated with induction of genomic instability in low-dose irradiated cells. Here, we investigated the role of DNA damage signaling against such perturbed cell-cycle control of cyclin D1 expression. Nuclear cyclin D1 accumulation was induced within 7 days after low-dose FR (0.01 Gy or 0.05 Gy per fraction) in ATM-deficient cells (AT5BIVA), but appeared later in AT5BIVA cells harboring human ATM cDNA. Thus, ATM prevents abnormal nuclear cyclin D1 accumulation at early time points after low-dose FR. We further demonstrated that ATM-mediated downregulation of protein phosphatase 2A activity caused activation of the AKT/cyclin D1 pathway after long-term FR. Perturbation of cyclin D1 expression induced Rad51 foci that indicate homologous recombination repair (HRR) in control cells, while ATM- and NBS1-deficient cells (GM7166) failed to induce Rad51 foci after long-term low-dose FR. After 21 days of FR, NBS1- and ATM-deficient cells showed a decrease in nuclear cyclin D1-positive cells, and an increase in apoptotic cells. Similarly, inhibition of ATM with KU55933 abrogated nuclear cyclin D1 accumulation by induction of apoptosis in ATM-complemented cells exposed to low-dose FR. In conclusion, we here demonstrate that ATM is involved in controlling cyclin D1 levels after low-dose FR. DNA damage signaling mitigates the harmful effects of low-dose long-term FR by suppression of cell death induced by perturbation of cyclin D1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shimura
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
| | - J Kobayashi
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Komatsu
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - N Kunugita
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
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46
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Dai X, Li L, Liu X, Hu W, Yang Y, Bai Z. Cooperation of DLC1 and CDK6 affects breast cancer clinical outcome. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2014; 5:81-91. [PMID: 25425654 PMCID: PMC4291472 DOI: 10.1534/g3.114.014894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Low DLC1 expression is found to frequently co-occur with aberrant expression of cell cycle genes including CDK6 in human lung and colon cancer. Here, we explore the influence of the synergistic effect of DLC1 and CDK6 on human breast cancer survival at the genetic, transcriptional, and translational levels. We found that high DLC1 and low CDK6 expression are associated with good prognosis. The DLC1 intronic SNP rs561681 is found to fit a recessive model, complying with the tumor suppressive role of DLC1. The heterozygote of the DLC1 SNP is found to increase the hazard when the CDK6 intronic SNP rs3731343 is rare homozygous, and it becomes protective when rs3731343 is common homozygous. We propose that DLC1 expression is the lowest in patients harboring the rare homozygote of rs561681 and functional DLC1 is the lowest when rs561681 is heterozygous and rs3731343 is rare homozygous. We are the first to report such synergistic effects of DLC1 and CDK6 on breast cancer survival at the transcriptional level, the overdominant model fitted by the SNP pair, and the dominant negative effect at the translational level. These findings link the germline genetic polymorphisms and synergistic effect of DLC1 and CDK6 with breast cancer progression, which provide the basis for experimentally elucidating the mechanisms driving differential tumor progression and avail in tailoring the clinical treatments for such patients based on their genetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yankun Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Roy A, Banerjee S. p27 and Leukemia: Cell Cycle and Beyond. J Cell Physiol 2014; 230:504-9. [PMID: 25205053 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Roy
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division; Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics; 1/AF Bidhannagar Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - Subrata Banerjee
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division; Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics; 1/AF Bidhannagar Kolkata West Bengal India
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Cayla M, Rachidi N, Leclercq O, Schmidt-Arras D, Rosenqvist H, Wiese M, Späth GF. Transgenic analysis of the Leishmania MAP kinase MPK10 reveals an auto-inhibitory mechanism crucial for stage-regulated activity and parasite viability. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004347. [PMID: 25232945 PMCID: PMC4169501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Protozoan pathogens of the genus Leishmania have evolved unique signaling mechanisms that can sense changes in the host environment and trigger adaptive stage differentiation essential for host cell infection. The signaling mechanisms underlying parasite development remain largely elusive even though Leishmania mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have been linked previously to environmentally induced differentiation and virulence. Here, we unravel highly unusual regulatory mechanisms for Leishmania MAP kinase 10 (MPK10). Using a transgenic approach, we demonstrate that MPK10 is stage-specifically regulated, as its kinase activity increases during the promastigote to amastigote conversion. However, unlike canonical MAPKs that are activated by dual phosphorylation of the regulatory TxY motif in the activation loop, MPK10 activation is independent from the phosphorylation of the tyrosine residue, which is largely constitutive. Removal of the last 46 amino acids resulted in significantly enhanced MPK10 activity both for the recombinant and transgenic protein, revealing that MPK10 is regulated by an auto-inhibitory mechanism. Over-expression of this hyperactive mutant in transgenic parasites led to a dominant negative effect causing massive cell death during amastigote differentiation, demonstrating the essential nature of MPK10 auto-inhibition for parasite viability. Moreover, phosphoproteomics analyses identified a novel regulatory phospho-serine residue in the C-terminal auto-inhibitory domain at position 395 that could be implicated in kinase regulation. Finally, we uncovered a feedback loop that limits MPK10 activity through dephosphorylation of the tyrosine residue of the TxY motif. Together our data reveal novel aspects of protein kinase regulation in Leishmania, and propose MPK10 as a potential signal sensor of the mammalian host environment, whose intrinsic pre-activated conformation is regulated by auto-inhibition. Leishmaniasis is an important human disease caused by Leishmania parasites. A crucial aspect of Leishmania infectivity is its capacity to sense different environments and adapt for survival inside insect vector and vertebrate host by stage differentiation. This process is triggered by environmental changes encountered in these organisms, including temperature and pH shifts, which usually are sensed and transduced by signaling cascades including protein kinases and their substrates. In this study, we analyzed the regulation of the Leishmania mitogen-activated protein kinase MPK10 using protein purified from transgenic parasites and combining site-directed mutagenesis and activity tests. We demonstrate that this kinase is activated during parasite differentiation and regulated by an atypical mechanism involving auto-inhibition, which is essential for parasite viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Cayla
- Institut Pasteur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2581, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Najma Rachidi
- Institut Pasteur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2581, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Leclercq
- Institut Pasteur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2581, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Dirk Schmidt-Arras
- Institut Pasteur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2581, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Heidi Rosenqvist
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
- Protein Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Wiese
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Gerald F. Späth
- Institut Pasteur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2581, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Cellular quiescence is a reversible non-proliferating state. The reactivation of 'sleep-like' quiescent cells (e.g. fibroblasts, lymphocytes and stem cells) into proliferation is crucial for tissue repair and regeneration and a key to the growth, development and health of higher multicellular organisms, such as mammals. Quiescence has been a primarily phenotypic description (i.e. non-permanent cell cycle arrest) and poorly studied. However, contrary to the earlier thinking that quiescence is simply a passive and dormant state lacking proliferating activities, recent studies have revealed that cellular quiescence is actively maintained in the cell and that it corresponds to a collection of heterogeneous states. Recent modelling and experimental work have suggested that an Rb-E2F bistable switch plays a pivotal role in controlling the quiescence-proliferation balance and the heterogeneous quiescent states. Other quiescence regulatory activities may crosstalk with and impinge upon the Rb-E2F bistable switch, forming a gene network that controls the cells' quiescent states and their dynamic transitions to proliferation in response to noisy environmental signals. Elucidating the dynamic control mechanisms underlying quiescence may lead to novel therapeutic strategies that re-establish normal quiescent states, in a variety of hyper- and hypo-proliferative diseases, including cancer and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology , University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ 85721 , USA
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Yu H, Ye W, Wu J, Meng X, Liu RY, Ying X, Zhou Y, Wang H, Pan C, Huang W. Overexpression of sirt7 exhibits oncogenic property and serves as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:3434-45. [PMID: 24771643 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sirtuins play an important role in cancer development. Sirt7, as a member of this family, is frequently overexpressed in certain carcinomas, but the oncogenic mechanism is seldom reported. In this study, Sirt7 was characterized for its role in colorectal cancer aggressiveness and underlying molecular mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were performed to study Sirt7 expression in a cohort of colorectal cancer tissues and non-tumor tissues and cells. A series of in vitro and in vivo assays was performed to elucidate the function of Sirt7 in colorectal cancer and its underlying mechanisms. Association between the Sirt7 signature and survival was examined using Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests. RESULTS The Sirt7 protein level significantly correlated with tumor stage (P = 0.029), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.046), and poor patient survival (P < 0.05). Sirt7 knockdown significantly inhibited colorectal cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, and motility. Ectopic Sirt7 expression promoted colony formation, induced a more invasive phenotype, and accelerated cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Sirt7 enhanced MAPK pathway activity concomitantly with p-ERK and p-MEK upregulation. In Sirt7-overexpressing cells, the mesenchymal markers vimentin and fibronectin were upregulated, and the epithelial markers E-cadherin and β-catenin were downregulated, which was linked to enhanced invasion by colorectal cancer cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that Sirt7 plays an important role in the development and progression of human colorectal cancer and functions as a valuable marker of colorectal cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Yu
- Authors' Affiliations: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou
| | - Wen Ye
- Authors' Affiliations: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou
| | - Jiangxue Wu
- Authors' Affiliations: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou
| | - Xiangqi Meng
- Authors' Affiliations: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou
| | - Ran-Yi Liu
- Authors' Affiliations: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou
| | - Xiaofang Ying
- Authors' Affiliations: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou
| | - Yi Zhou
- Authors' Affiliations: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou
| | - Hui Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou
| | - Changchuan Pan
- Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Second People's Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu; and
| | - Wenlin Huang
- Authors' Affiliations: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, PR China
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