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Yue N, Jin Q, Li C, Zhang L, Cao J, Wu C. CD36: a promising therapeutic target in hematologic tumors. Leuk Lymphoma 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38982639 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2024.2376178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is a multiligand receptor with important roles in lipid metabolism, angiogenesis and innate immunity, and its diverse effects may depend on the binding of specific ligands in different contexts. CD36 is expressed not only on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) but also on some hematopoietic cells. CD36 is associated with the growth, metastasis and drug resistance in some hematologic tumors, such as leukemia, lymphoma and myelodysplastic syndrome. Currently, some targeted therapeutic agents against CD36 have been developed, such as anti-CD36 antibodies, CD36 antagonists (small molecules) and CD36 expression inhibitors. This paper not only innovatively addresses the role of CD36 in some hematopoietic cells, such as erythrocytes, hematopoietic stem cells and platelets, but also pays special attention to the role of CD36 in the development of hematologic tumors, and suggests that CD36 may be a potential cancer therapeutic target in hematologic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Yue
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiqi Jin
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Li
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Litian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Cao
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chongyang Wu
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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2
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Gul AR, Bal J, Xu P, Ghosh S, Yun T, Kailasa SK, Kim YH, Park TJ. Serodiagnosis of multiple cancers using an extracellular protein kinase A autoantibody-based lateral flow platform. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115902. [PMID: 38056339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular protein kinase A autoantibody (ECPKA-AutoAb) has been suggested as a universal cancer biomarker due to its higher amounts in serum of several types of cancer patients than that of normal individuals. Herein, we first developed a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) tool, using a sandwich format, toward ECPKA-AutoAb in human serum. For this format, 3G2 as a capture antibody was identified using hybridoma technique and a series of screenings where it showed superior capacity to recognize Enzo PKA catalytic subunit alpha (Cα), compared to other PKA antibodies and antigens. Using these components, we performed sandwich ELISA toward a mimic and real sample of ECPKA-AutoAb. As per the results, limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 135 ng/mL and ECPKA-AutoAb levels were higher in various cancer patients than in normal individuals like previous studies. Based on these results, we applied this sandwich format into LFIA tool and found that the LOD of the fabricated LFIA tool showed about 3.8 ng/mL using spiked PKA-Ab, which is significantly improved compared to the LOD of sandwich ELISA. Also, the developed LFIA tool demonstrated a remarkable ability to detect significant differences in ECPKA-AutoAb levels between normal and cancer patients within 15 min, showing a potential for point-of-care (PoC) detection. One interesting point is that our LFIA strip contains an additional conjugation pad II, named because of its position behind the conjugation pad, in which PKA Cα is dried, enabling a sandwich format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Rana Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jyotiranjan Bal
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Subhadeep Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyun Yun
- KNAX Ltd., D-1414, (Hanam Techno Valley U1 Center) 947, Hanam-daero, Hanam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 12982, Republic of Korea
| | - Suresh Kumar Kailasa
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395 007, Gujrat, India
| | - Yeong Hyeock Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Jiang M, Karsenberg R, Bianchi F, van den Bogaart G. CD36 as a double-edged sword in cancer. Immunol Lett 2024; 265:7-15. [PMID: 38122906 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The membrane protein CD36 is a lipid transporter, scavenger receptor, and receptor for the antiangiogenic protein thrombospondin 1 (TSP1). CD36 is expressed by cancer cells and by many associated cells including various cancer-infiltrating immune cell types. Thereby, CD36 plays critical roles in cancer, and it has been reported to affect cancer growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. However, these roles are partly contradictory, as CD36 has been both reported to promote and inhibit cancer progression. Moreover, the mechanisms are also partly contradictory, because CD36 has been shown to exert opposite cellular effects such as cell division, senescence and cell death. This review provides an overview of the diverse effects of CD36 on tumor progression, aiming to shed light on its diverse pro- and anti-cancer roles, and the implications for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muwei Jiang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747AG, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Renske Karsenberg
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747AG, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans Bianchi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747AG, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747AG, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Xia J, Zhong S, Hu X, Koh K, Chen H. Perspectives and trends in advanced optical and electrochemical biosensors based on engineered peptides. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:327. [PMID: 37495747 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05907-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
With the advancement of life medicine, in vitro diagnostics (IVD) technology has become an auxiliary tool for early diagnosis of diseases. However, biosensors for IVD now face some disadvantages such as poor targeting, significant antifouling properties, low density of recognized molecules, and poor stability. In recent years, peptides have been demonstrated to have various functions in unnatural biological systems, such as targeting properties, antifouling properties, and self-assembly properties, which indicates that peptides can be engineered. These properties of peptides, combined with their good biocompatibility, can be well applied to the design of biosensors to solve the problems mentioned above. This review provides an overview of the properties of engineered functional peptides and their applications in enhancing biosensor performance, mainly in the field of optics and electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Suyun Zhong
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Kwangnak Koh
- Institute of General Education, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongxia Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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Freeman B, Mamallapalli J, Bian T, Ballas K, Lynch A, Scala A, Huo Z, Fredenburg KM, Bruijnzeel AW, Baglole CJ, Lu J, Salloum RG, Malaty J, Xing C. Opportunities and Challenges of Kava in Lung Cancer Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119539. [PMID: 37298489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths due to its high incidence, late diagnosis, and limited success in clinical treatment. Prevention therefore is critical to help improve lung cancer management. Although tobacco control and tobacco cessation are effective strategies for lung cancer prevention, the numbers of current and former smokers in the USA and globally are not expected to decrease significantly in the near future. Chemoprevention and interception are needed to help high-risk individuals reduce their lung cancer risk or delay lung cancer development. This article will review the epidemiological data, pre-clinical animal data, and limited clinical data that support the potential of kava in reducing human lung cancer risk via its holistic polypharmacological effects. To facilitate its future clinical translation, advanced knowledge is needed with respect to its mechanisms of action and the development of mechanism-based non-invasive biomarkers in addition to safety and efficacy in more clinically relevant animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne Freeman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jessica Mamallapalli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Tengfei Bian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kayleigh Ballas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Allison Lynch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Alexander Scala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health & Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kristianna M Fredenburg
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Adriaan W Bruijnzeel
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Carolyn J Baglole
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Junxuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, PennState Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Ramzi G Salloum
- Department of Health Outcome & Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - John Malaty
- Department of Community Health & Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Wu Y, Ye J, Zhao C, Pang J, Li Y, Lin X. Extracellular protein kinase A and G are potential biomarkers of some inflammation-associated disorders. EUR J INFLAMM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x221105132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase G (PKG) are the main downstream effectors of second messengers cAMP and cGMP, which play important roles in physiological and pathological processes. Recently, there are two findings: one is PKA catalytic subunits α (PKACα) and PKG II can be secreted, the other is that the two secretory protein kinases are associated with the progression of tumors. Previous data also demonstrate that the two kinases, as signal cascades, involved in inflammation-associated disorders. However, it remains unclear whether the secreted PKACα or PKG II could serve as diagnostic biomarkers for inflammation-associated disorders. Methods The serum from suffered coronary disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and schizophrenia were collected. The serum PKACα and PKG II were detected by ELISA. All the patients were consent informed. Results Our results showed that the serum PKACα and PKG II had obvious changes in coronary disease, rheumatoid arthritis, schizophrenia patients. However, the trends was opposite, especially in rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusions Serum PKACα and PKG II could serve as potentially diagnostic biomarkers for some inflammation-associated disorders, such as coronary disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- The Center of Laboratory, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Chunhui Zhao
- The Center of Laboratory, Zhenjiang Mental Health Center, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ji Pang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yueying Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinyue Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Bian T, Ding H, Wang Y, Hu Q, Chen S, Fujioka N, Aly FZ, Lu J, Huo Z, Xing C. OUP accepted manuscript. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:659-670. [PMID: 35353881 PMCID: PMC9653071 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our earlier work demonstrated varying potency of dihydromethysticin (DHM) as the active kava phytochemical for prophylaxis of tobacco carcinogen nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK)-induced mouse lung carcinogenesis. Efficacy was dependent on timing of DHM gavage ahead of NNK insult. In addition to DNA adducts in the lung tissues mitigated by DHM in a time-dependent manner, our in vivo data strongly implicated the existence of DNA damage-independent mechanism(s) in NNK-induced lung carcinogenesis targeted by DHM to fully exert its anti-initiation efficacy. In the present work, RNA seq transcriptomic profiling of NNK-exposed (2 h) lung tissues with/without a DHM (8 h) pretreatment revealed a snap shot of canonical acute phase tissue damage and stress response signaling pathways as well as an activation of protein kinase A (PKA) pathway induced by NNK and the restraining effects of DHM. The activation of the PKA pathway by NNK active metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) at a concentration incapable of promoting DNA adduct was confirmed in a lung cancer cell culture model, potentially through NNAL binding to and activation of the β-adrenergic receptor. Our in vitro and in vivo data overall support the hypothesis that DHM suppresses PKA activation as a key DNA damage-independent mechanistic lead, contributing to its effective prophylaxis of NNK-induced lung carcinogenesis. Systems biology approaches with a detailed temporal dissection of timing of DHM intake versus NNK exposure are warranted to fill the knowledge gaps concerning the DNA damage-driven mechanisms and DNA damage-independent mechanisms to optimize the implementation strategy for DHM to achieve maximal lung cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuzhi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Naomi Fujioka
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - F Zahra Aly
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Junxuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: 352-295-8511; Fax: 352-273-9724;
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Zhiguang Huo. Tel: 352-294-5929; Fax: 352-294-5931;
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Keane JT, Posey AD. Chimeric Antigen Receptors Expand the Repertoire of Antigenic Macromolecules for Cellular Immunity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123356. [PMID: 34943864 PMCID: PMC8699116 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell therapies have made significant improvements in cancer treatment over the last decade. One cellular therapy utilizing T-cells involves the use of a chimeric MHC-independent antigen-recognition receptor, typically referred to as a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). CAR molecules, while mostly limited to the recognition of antigens on the surface of tumor cells, can also be utilized to exploit the diverse repertoire of macromolecules targetable by antibodies, which are incorporated into the CAR design. Leaning into this expansion of target macromolecules will enhance the diversity of antigens T-cells can target and may improve the tumor-specificity of CAR T-cell therapy. This review explores the types of macromolecules targetable by T-cells through endogenous and synthetic antigen-specific receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T. Keane
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Avery D. Posey
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence:
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Ragone A, Salzillo A, Spina A, Zappavigna S, Caraglia M, Sapio L, Naviglio S. Protein Kinase A Detection in Human Urine Samples. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4096. [PMID: 34575203 PMCID: PMC8464865 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Actively involved in tumor maintenance, cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) has been proposed as a putative biomarker in cancer. Recently, an active PKA form has been identified in human sera and PKA autoantibodies have been detected in cancer patients. However, their serum functions, as well as diagnostic significance, remain largely unknown. Although several PKA detection assays have been developed, none refer to a laboratory diagnostic procedure. Among these, ELISA and Western blotting (WB) assays have been employed in PKA detection. Since, to the best of our knowledge, there are no data showing its presence in human urine samples, herein, we explore the possibility of PKA's existence in this biological specimen. Interestingly, among the 30 screened urines by quantitative sandwich ELISA, we recognized detectable PKA levels in 5 different samples, and of those two exhibited a considerable high concentration. To corroborate these results, we also evaluated PKA's presence in both positive and negative ELISA urines by WB. Remarkably, immunoblotting analysis confirmed PKA's existence in certain, but not in all, human urine specimens. Despite being quite preliminary, these findings firstly identify PKA in urine samples and provide evidence for its potential clinic usage as a diagnostic analyte in laboratory medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luigi Sapio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (S.Z.); (M.C.); (S.N.)
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Kawano T, Tachibana Y, Inokuchi J, Kang JH, Murata M, Eto M. Identification of Activated Protein Kinase Cα (PKCα) in the Urine of Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Xenograft Model as a Potential Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179276. [PMID: 34502182 PMCID: PMC8430461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer has a high recurrence rate; therefore, frequent and effective monitoring is essential for disease management. Cystoscopy is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis and continuous monitoring of bladder cancer. However, cystoscopy is invasive and relatively expensive. Thus, there is a need for non-invasive, relatively inexpensive urinary biomarker-based diagnoses of bladder cancer. This study aimed to investigate the presence of activated protein kinase Cα (PKCα) in urine samples and the possibility of PKCα as a urinary biomarker for bladder cancer diagnosis. Activated PKCα was found to be present at higher levels in bladder cancer tissues than in normal bladder tissues. Furthermore, high levels of activated PKCα were observed in urine samples collected from orthotopic xenograft mice carrying human bladder cancer cells compared to urine samples from normal mice. These results suggest that activated PKCα can be used as a urinary biomarker to diagnose bladder cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the presence of activated PKCα in the urine of orthotopic xenograft mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Kawano
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yoko Tachibana
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Junichi Inokuchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Correspondence: (J.I.); (J.-H.K.); (M.M.); (M.E.)
| | - Jeong-Hun Kang
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Shinmachi, Kishibe, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
- Correspondence: (J.I.); (J.-H.K.); (M.M.); (M.E.)
| | - Masaharu Murata
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.T.)
- Correspondence: (J.I.); (J.-H.K.); (M.M.); (M.E.)
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Correspondence: (J.I.); (J.-H.K.); (M.M.); (M.E.)
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Han J, Bai Y, Wang J, Xie XL, Li AD, Ding Q, Cui ZJ, Yin J, Jiang XY, Jiang HQ. REC8 promotes tumor migration, invasion and angiogenesis by targeting the PKA pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Exp Med 2021; 21:479-492. [PMID: 33677646 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
REC8 is a member of the cohesin family, and its abnormal activation has been detected in cancer cells. This study explored the role and possible mechanism of REC8 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 40 pairs of HCC and adjacent tissues were collected, and the clinical significance of REC8 expression in HCC was evaluated. REC8 expression in human HCC tissues and HCC cell lines was investigated by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. The biological functions of REC8 in HCC cell lines were detected by wound-healing assay, Matrigel invasion assay and tube formation assay. The proteins interacting with REC8 were identified by mass spectrometry after immunoprecipitation screening. There was a correlation between the high expression of REC8 and positive alpha-fetoprotein levels. The expression level of REC8 protein in HCC tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues. REC8 has mainly located in the nucleus of HCC tissue cells and HCC cell lines, but it was expressed in the cytoplasm of adjacent normal tissue cells and hepatocytes. The results of wound healing, transwell invasion and tubular formation assays indicated that the overexpression of REC8 accelerated the metastasis of HCC in vitro; however, metastasis was suppressed after REC8 was silenced by small interference RNA. A total of 57 differentially expressed proteins were identified by mass spectrometry, and it was found that REC8 and PKA RII-α staining was colocalized in the nucleus. The expression levels of MMP-9 and VEGF-C were decreased after treatment with the PKA inhibitor H89. Overall, REC8 promotes the migration, invasion and angiogenesis of HCC cells through the PKA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, No. 215, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Central Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, No. 215, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, No. 215, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, No. 215, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Ai-di Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, No. 215, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Qian Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, No. 215, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Zi-Jin Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, No. 215, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, No. 215, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, No. 215, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Hui-Qing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, No. 215, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
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12
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Vanova V, Mitrevska K, Milosavljevic V, Hynek D, Richtera L, Adam V. Peptide-based electrochemical biosensors utilized for protein detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 180:113087. [PMID: 33662844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are generally detected as biomarkers for tracing or determining various disorders in organisms. Biomarker proteins can be tracked in samples with various origins and in different concentrations, revealing whether an organism is in a healthy or unhealthy state. In regard to detection, electrochemical biosensors are a potential fusion of electronics, chemistry, and biology, allowing for fast and early point-of-care detection from a biological sample with the advantages of high sensitivity, simple construction, and easy operation. Peptides present a promising approach as a biorecognition element when connected with electrochemical biosensors. The benefits of short peptides lie mainly in their good stability and selective affinity to a target analyte. Therefore, peptide-based electrochemical biosensors (PBEBs) represent an alternative approach for the detection of different protein biomarkers. This review provides a summary of the past decade of recently proposed PBEBs designed for protein detection, dividing them according to different protein types: (i) enzyme detection, including proteases and kinases; (ii) antibody detection; and (iii) other protein detection. According to these protein types, different sensing mechanisms are discussed, such as the peptide cleavage by a proteases, phosphorylation by kinases, presence of antibodies, and exploiting of affinities; furthermore, measurements are obtained by different electrochemical methods. A discussion and comparison of various constructions, modifications, immobilization strategies and different sensing techniques in terms of high sensitivity, selectivity, repeatability, and potential for practical application are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vanova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Mitrevska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vedran Milosavljevic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61 200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Hynek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61 200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61 200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61 200, Brno, Czech Republic.
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13
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Brouns JP, Dankers PYW. Introduction of Enzyme-Responsivity in Biomaterials to Achieve Dynamic Reciprocity in Cell-Material Interactions. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4-23. [PMID: 32813514 PMCID: PMC7805013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Much effort has been made in the development of biomaterials that synthetically mimic the dynamics of the natural extracellular matrix in tissues. Most of these biomaterials specifically interact with cells, but lack the ability to adapt and truly communicate with the cellular environment. Communication between biomaterials and cells is achieved by the development of various materials with enzyme-responsive moieties in order to respond to cellular cues. In this perspective, we discuss different enzyme-responsive systems, from surfaces to supramolecular assemblies. Additionally, we highlight their further prospects in order to create, inspired by nature, fully autonomous adaptive biomaterials that display dynamic reciprocal behavior. This Perspective shows new strategies for the development of biomaterials that may find broad utility in regenerative medicine applications, from scaffolds for tissue engineering to systems for controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce
E. P. Brouns
- Eindhoven University of
Technology, Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Het
Kranenveld 14, 5612 AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y. W. Dankers
- Eindhoven University of
Technology, Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Het
Kranenveld 14, 5612 AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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14
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Prognostic and immunological role of Fam20C in pan-cancer. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227269. [PMID: 33306121 PMCID: PMC7786334 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The family with sequence similarity 20-member C (Fam20C) kinase plays important roles in physiopathological process and is responsible for majority of the secreted phosphoproteome, including substrates associated with tumor cell migration. However, it remains unclear whether Fam20C plays a role in cancers. Here, we aimed to analyze the expression and prognostic value of Fam20C in pan-cancer and to gain insights into the association between Fam20C and immune infiltration. Methods: We analyzed Fam20C expression patterns and the associations between Fam20C expression levels and prognosis in pan-cancer via the ONCOMINE, TIMER (Tumor Immune Estimation Resource), PrognoScan, GEPIA (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis), and Kaplan–Meier Plotter databases. After that, GEPIA and TIMER databases were applied to investigate the relations between Fam20C expression and immune infiltration across different cancer types, especially BLCA (bladder urothelial carcinoma), LGG (brain lower grade glioma), and STAD (stomach adenocarcinoma). Results: Compared with adjacent normal tissues, Fam20C was widely expressed across many cancers. In general, Fam20C showed a detrimental role in pan-cancer, it was positively associated with poor survival of BLCA, LGG, and STAD patients. Specifically, based on TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database, a high expression level of Fam20C was associated with worse prognostic value in stages T2–T4 and stages N0–N2 in the cohort of STAD patients. Moreover, Fam20C expression had positive associations with immune infiltration, including CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, and other diverse immune cells in BLCA, LGG, and STAD. Conclusion: Fam20C may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker in pan-cancer and has positive associations with immune infiltrates.
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15
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AniScan Using Extracellular Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase A as a Serum Biomarker Assay for the Diagnosis of Malignant Tumors in Dogs. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20154075. [PMID: 32707843 PMCID: PMC7436096 DOI: 10.3390/s20154075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The early detection of tumors improves chances of decreased morbidity and prolonged survival. Serum biomarkers are convenient to use and have several advantages over other approaches, such as accuracy and straightforward protocols. Reliable biomarkers from easily accessible sources are warranted for the development of cost-effective assays for routine screening, particularly in veterinary medicine. Extracellular c-AMP-dependent protein kinase A (ECPKA) is a cytosolic leakage enzyme. The diagnostic accuracy of detecting autoantibodies against ECPKA was found to be higher than that of ECPKA activity from enzymatic assays, which use a complicated method. Here, we investigated the diagnostic significance of measuring serum ECPKA autoantibody levels using an in-house kit (AniScan cancer detection kit; Biattic, Anyang, Korea). We used sera from 550 dogs, including healthy dogs and those with malignant and benign tumors. Serum ECPKA and immunoglobulin G were determined using the AniScan cancer detection kit. ECPKA autoantibody levels were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in malignant tumors than in benign tumors, non-tumor diseases, and healthy controls. On the basis of sensitivity and specificity values, AniScan ECPKA is a rapid and easy-to-use assay that can be applied to screen malignant tumors from benign tumors or other diseases in dogs.
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16
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Wu Y, Li Y, Liu J, Chen M, Li W, Chen Y, Xu M. The diagnostic value of extracellular protein kinase A (ECPKA) in serum for gastric and colorectal cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:3870-3878. [PMID: 35117754 PMCID: PMC8797401 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background For the biomarkers of cancer, many chromosomal and genetic alterations have been examined as possible. However, some tumors do not display a clear molecular and genetic signature. While there are some cellular processes regulated by second messenger intracellular pathways indeed involved in carcinogenesis. The first intracellular second messenger was described as cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) play a crucial role in several biological processes; The dysregulation of PKA-mediated signaling in several types of cancer should be investigated. More interesting, the alpha catalytic subunit of PKA (PKACα) could be secreted into the conditioned medium by different types of cancer cells, and it also existed in the serum of some cancer patients, defined as extracellular protein kinase A (ECPKA). Methods The levels of serum PKACα from healthy people, gastric cancer and colon cancer patients were detected by ELISA kits. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of PKACα in cancer tissue and the adjacent mucosa. Mann-Whitney test was applied to analyze the patients’ characteristics and serum PKACα. ROC analyses were performed to further evaluate the utility of PKACα in cancer diagnosis. The correlation of serum PKACα and T stage, age, and tumor markers were analyzed by Spearman rank and Pearson correlation analysis, respectively. Results There were significant differences of PKACα in serum between the volunteers and the gastric cancers (P<0.01), but not the colorectal cancers (P>0.05). ROC analyses evaluated the utility of PKACα for gastric cancer with 61.90% sensitivities and 87.50% specificities. The serum PKACα was correlated with tumor marker CA50, while there was no significant difference of PKACα expression between the gastric/colorectal cancer tissue and the adjacent mucosa. Conclusions The above results implied that PKACα levels might be a potential biomarker for the early screening of gastric cancers. Moreover, further research is still needed to investigate the role of secreted PKACα and the regulatory mechanism in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yafang Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Junqiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mengjiao Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wei Li
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yongchang Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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17
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Yalak G, Shiu JY, Schoen I, Mitsi M, Vogel V. Phosphorylated fibronectin enhances cell attachment and upregulates mechanical cell functions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218893. [PMID: 31291285 PMCID: PMC6619657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of extracellular matrix proteins have been found in phosphorylated states, yet little is known about how the phosphorylation of extracellular matrix proteins might affect cell functions. We thus tested the hypothesis whether the phosphorylation of fibronectin, a major adhesion protein, affects cell behavior. Controlled in vitro phosphorylation of fibronectin by a casein kinase II (CKII) significantly upregulated cell traction forces and total strain energy generated by fibroblasts on nanopillar arrays, and consequently other elementary cell functions including cell spreading and metabolic activity. Mass spectrometry of plasma fibronectin from healthy human donors then identified a constitutively phosphorylated site in the C-terminus, and numerous other residues that became phosphorylated by the CKII kinase in vitro. Our findings open up novel strategies for translational applications including targeting diseased ECM, or to develop assays that probe the phosphorylation state of the ECM or blood as potential cancer markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garif Yalak
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jau-Ye Shiu
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ingmar Schoen
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Mitsi
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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18
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Turnham RE, Smith FD, Kenerson HL, Omar MH, Golkowski M, Garcia I, Bauer R, Lau HT, Sullivan KM, Langeberg LK, Ong SE, Riehle KJ, Yeung RS, Scott JD. An acquired scaffolding function of the DNAJ-PKAc fusion contributes to oncogenic signaling in fibrolamellar carcinoma. eLife 2019; 8:44187. [PMID: 31063128 PMCID: PMC6533061 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare liver cancer. FLCs uniquely produce DNAJ-PKAc, a chimeric enzyme consisting of a chaperonin-binding domain fused to the Cα subunit of protein kinase A. Biochemical analyses of clinical samples reveal that a unique property of this fusion enzyme is the ability to recruit heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). This cellular chaperonin is frequently up-regulated in cancers. Gene-editing of mouse hepatocytes generated disease-relevant AML12DNAJ-PKAc cell lines. Further analyses indicate that the proto-oncogene A-kinase anchoring protein-Lbc is up-regulated in FLC and functions to cluster DNAJ-PKAc/Hsp70 sub-complexes with a RAF-MEK-ERK kinase module. Drug screening reveals Hsp70 and MEK inhibitor combinations that selectively block proliferation of AML12DNAJ-PKAc cells. Phosphoproteomic profiling demonstrates that DNAJ-PKAc biases the signaling landscape toward ERK activation and engages downstream kinase cascades. Thus, the oncogenic action of DNAJ-PKAc involves an acquired scaffolding function that permits recruitment of Hsp70 and mobilization of local ERK signaling. Fibrolamellar carcinoma (or FLC for short) is a rare type of liver cancer that affects teenagers and young adults. FLC tumors are often resistant to standard radiotherapy or chemotherapy treatments. The only way to treat FLC is to remove tumors by surgery. However, often the tumors come back after initial treatment and spread to other locations. Therefore, there is a genuine need to improve the treatment options available to FLC patients. The tumor cells of FLC patients contain a genetic defect that fuses together two genes, which produce proteins called DNAJ and PKAc. Normally, DNAJ helps other proteins in the cell to fold into their correct shapes, while PKAc is an enzyme that can control how cells communicate. However, it is not clear what the abnormal DNAJ-PKAc fusion protein does, or how it causes FLC. Turnham, Smith et al. have now used gene editing to make mouse liver cells that mimic the human FLC mutation. Biochemical experiments on these cells showed that the DNAJ-PKAc protein brings together unique combinations of enzymes that drive uncontrolled cell growth. Analyzing cells taken from tumors in FLC patients confirmed that these enzymes are also activated in the human disease. Turnham, Smith et al. also found that combinations of drugs that simultaneously target the DNAJ-PKAc protein and the recruited enzymes slowed down the growth of FLC cells. More experiments are now needed to test these drug combinations on human FLC cells or in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rigney E Turnham
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, United States
| | - F Donelson Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Heidi L Kenerson
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Mitchell H Omar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Martin Golkowski
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Irvin Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Renay Bauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Ho-Tak Lau
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Kevin M Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Lorene K Langeberg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Shao-En Ong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Kimberly J Riehle
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Raymond S Yeung
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, United States
| | - John D Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, United States
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19
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Ryu MO, Kim BG, Choi US, Baek KH, Song YK, Li Q, Seo KW, Ryeom S, Youn HY, Bhang DH. Extracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase A autoantibody and C-reactive protein as serum biomarkers for diagnosis of cancer in dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 17:99-106. [PMID: 30411459 PMCID: PMC6375080 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase A, a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP)‐dependent enzyme, normally exists within mammalian cells; however, in cancer cells, it can leak out and be found in the serum. Extracellular cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase A (ECPKA) has been determined to increase in the serum of cancer‐bearing dogs. However, there have been no reports in the veterinary literature on serum ECPKA autoantibody (ECPKA‐Ab) expression in dogs with cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate ECPKA‐Ab and C‐reactive protein (CRP) as serum biomarkers for cancer in dogs. ECPKA‐Ab and CRP levels were detected by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in serum samples from dogs with malignant tumours (n = 167), benign tumours (n = 42), or non‐tumour disease (n = 155) and from healthy control dogs (n = 123). ECPKA‐Ab and CRP levels were significantly higher in the dogs with malignant tumours than in those with benign tumours or non‐tumour diseases, as well as in the healthy controls (P < 0.001, Kruskal‐Wallis test). There was a significant positive correlation between the neoplastic index, which was developed using ECPKA‐Ab and CRP levels, and the presence of cancer in dogs (P < 0.001); the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve was estimated to be >0.85 (P < 0.001). In conclusion, ECPKA‐Ab is a potential serum biomarker for a broad spectrum of cancers. Combined measurement of CRP and ECPKA‐Ab levels in serum improves the sensitivity and accuracy of a diagnosis of cancer in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ok Ryu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Gak Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ul-Soo Choi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology and Bio-safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Hyuck Baek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Qiang Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Won Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sandra Ryeom
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania
| | - Hwa-Young Youn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ha Bhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,BK21Plus Program for 21st Century Biomedical Science Leader Development, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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20
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Hu Q, Wang Q, Jiang C, Zhang J, Kong J, Zhang X. Electrochemically mediated polymerization for highly sensitive detection of protein kinase activity. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 110:52-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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He S, Kyaw YME, Tan EKM, Bekale L, Kang MWC, Kim SSY, Tan I, Lam KP, Kah JCY. Quantitative and Label-Free Detection of Protein Kinase A Activity Based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy with Gold Nanostars. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6071-6080. [PMID: 29697974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The activity of extracellular protein kinase A (PKA) is known to be a biomarker for cancer. However, conventional PKA assays based on colorimetric, radioactive, and fluorometric techniques suffer from intensive labeling-related preparations, background interference, photobleaching, and safety concerns. While surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based assays have been developed for various enzymes to address these limitations, their use in probing PKA activity is limited due to subtle changes in the Raman spectrum with phosphorylation. Here, we developed a robust colloidal SERS-based scheme for label-free quantitative measurement of PKA activity using gold nanostars (AuNS) as a SERS substrate functionalized with bovine serum albumin (BSA)-kemptide (Kem) bioconjugate (AuNS-BSA-Kem), where BSA conferred colloidal stability and Kem is a high-affinity peptide substrate for PKA. By performing principle component analysis (PCA) on the SERS spectrum, we identified two Raman peaks at 725 and 1395 cm-1, whose ratiometric intensity change provided a quantitative measure of Kem phosphorylation by PKA in vitro and allowed us to distinguish MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells known to overexpress extracellular PKA catalytic subunits from noncancerous human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) based on their PKA activity in cell culture supernatant. The outcome demonstrated potential application of AuNS-BSA-Kem as a SERS probe for cancer screening based on PKA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117583
| | - Yi Mon Ei Kyaw
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117583
| | | | - Laurent Bekale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117583
| | - Malvin Wei Cherng Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117583
| | - Susana Soo-Yeon Kim
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research , Singapore 138668
| | - Ivan Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research , Singapore 138668
| | - Kong-Peng Lam
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research , Singapore 138668
| | - James Chen Yong Kah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117583.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117456
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22
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Jelinic P, Eccles LA, Tseng J, Cybulska P, Wielgos M, Powell SN, Levine DA. The EMSY threonine 207 phospho-site is required for EMSYdriven suppression of DNA damage repair. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13792-13804. [PMID: 28099152 PMCID: PMC5355139 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are essential for the repair of double-strand DNA breaks, and alterations in these genes are a hallmark of breast and ovarian carcinomas. Other functionally related genes may also play important roles in carcinogenesis. Amplification of EMSY, a putative BRCAness gene, has been suggested to impair DNA damage repair by suppressing BRCA2 function. We employed direct repeat GFP (DR-GFP) and RAD51 foci formation assays to show that EMSY overexpression impairs the repair of damaged DNA, suggesting that EMSY belongs to the family of BRCAness proteins. We also identified a novel phospho-site at threonine 207 (T207) and demonstrated its role in EMSY-driven suppression of DNA damage repair. In vitro kinase assays established that protein kinase A (PKA) directly phosphorylates the T207 phospho-site. Immunoprecipitation experiments suggest that EMSY-driven suppression of DNA damage repair is a BRCA2-independent process. The data also suggest that EMSY amplification is a BRCAness feature, and may help to expand the population of patients who could benefit from targeted therapies that are also effective in BRCA1/2-mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Jelinic
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of OB/GYN, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Laura A Eccles
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Jill Tseng
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Paulina Cybulska
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Monicka Wielgos
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of OB/GYN, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Simon N Powell
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of OB/GYN, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, USA
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Wang W, Xu ZZ, Costanzo M, Boone C, Lange CA, Myers CL. Pathway-based discovery of genetic interactions in breast cancer. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006973. [PMID: 28957314 PMCID: PMC5619706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second largest cause of cancer death among U.S. women and the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several genetic variants associated with susceptibility to breast cancer, but these still explain less than half of the estimated genetic contribution to the disease. Combinations of variants (i.e. genetic interactions) may play an important role in breast cancer susceptibility. However, due to a lack of statistical power, the current tests for genetic interactions from GWAS data mainly leverage prior knowledge to focus on small sets of genes or SNPs that are known to have an association with breast cancer. Thus, many genetic interactions, particularly among novel variants, remain understudied. Reverse-genetic interaction screens in model organisms have shown that genetic interactions frequently cluster into highly structured motifs, where members of the same pathway share similar patterns of genetic interactions. Based on this key observation, we recently developed a method called BridGE to search for such structured motifs in genetic networks derived from GWAS studies and identify pathway-level genetic interactions in human populations. We applied BridGE to six independent breast cancer cohorts and identified significant pathway-level interactions in five cohorts. Joint analysis across all five cohorts revealed a high confidence consensus set of genetic interactions with support in multiple cohorts. The discovered interactions implicated the glutathione conjugation, vitamin D receptor, purine metabolism, mitotic prometaphase, and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways as major modifiers of breast cancer risk. Notably, while many of the pathways identified by BridGE show clear relevance to breast cancer, variants in these pathways had not been previously discovered by traditional single variant association tests, or single pathway enrichment analysis that does not consider SNP-SNP interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Zack Z. Xu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | | | - Charles Boone
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carol A. Lange
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Chad L. Myers
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
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Bhang DH, Choi US, Kim BG, Lee SN, Lee S, Roh HS, Chung WJ, Jeon KO, Song WJ, Youn HY, Baek KH. Characteristics of extracellular cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase as a biomarker of cancer in dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 15:1585-1589. [PMID: 28185388 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early and proper diagnosis of cancer is the most critical factor for the survival and treatment of veterinary cancer patients. In this study, we evaluated extracellular cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (ECPKA) level in serum as a useful cancer biomarker in dogs. METHODS ECPKA levels were detected in sera from dogs with cancers (n = 48), benign tumours (n = 18), and non-tumour diseases (n = 102) as well as healthy control dogs (n = 54) utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Sera from dogs bearing various types of cancer exhibited markedly increased levels of ECPKA by up to 7.1-, 8.8-, and 10.9-fold compared with those from dogs harbouring benign tumours, dogs with non-tumour diseases, and healthy control dogs, respectively (P < .0001). In addition, serum ECPKA level did not show statistically significant correlation with gender, breed, or age of dogs or their non-cancerous disease conditions. CONCLUSION Our data strongly propose that detection of serum ECPKA level is a potential and specific diagnostic tool for cancer in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Bhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - U S Choi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology and Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - B G Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - S-N Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - S Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - H-S Roh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - W-J Chung
- Ray Veterinary Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K O Jeon
- Department of Internal Veterinary Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W J Song
- Department of Internal Veterinary Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H-Y Youn
- Department of Internal Veterinary Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K-H Baek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Jung SH, Kong DH, Jeon HY, Han ET, Park WS, Hong SH, Kim YM, Ha KS. Systematic investigation of protein kinase A substrate proteins using on-chip protein kinase kinetic profiling. Analyst 2017; 142:2239-2246. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an02682f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An on-chip protein kinase assay for profiling kinase kinetic parameters by introducing the substrate affinity (Km) and the phosphorylation rate (Vp) under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hui Jung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
- Kangwon National University School of Medicine
- Kangwon-Do 24341
- Korea
| | - Deok-Hoon Kong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
- Kangwon National University School of Medicine
- Kangwon-Do 24341
- Korea
| | - Hye-Yoon Jeon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
- Kangwon National University School of Medicine
- Kangwon-Do 24341
- Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine
- Kangwon National University School of Medicine
- Kangwon-Do 24341
- Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology
- Kangwon National University School of Medicine
- Kangwon-Do 24341
- Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Kangwon National University School of Medicine
- Kangwon-Do 24341
- Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
- Kangwon National University School of Medicine
- Kangwon-Do 24341
- Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
- Kangwon National University School of Medicine
- Kangwon-Do 24341
- Korea
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26
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Sayyed DR, Jung SH, Kim MS, Han ET, Park WS, Hong SH, Kim YM, Ha KS. In situ PKA activity assay by selective detection of its catalytic subunit using antibody arrays. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-016-1108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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27
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Sensitive array-based assay for determination of serological protein kinase A autoantibody levels based on its antigen protein activation. Clin Biochem 2016; 49:127-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Turnham RE, Scott JD. Protein kinase A catalytic subunit isoform PRKACA; History, function and physiology. Gene 2015; 577:101-8. [PMID: 26687711 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Our appreciation of the scope and influence of second messenger signaling has its origins in pioneering work on the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Also called protein kinase A (PKA), this holoenzyme exists as a tetramer comprised of a regulatory (R) subunit dimer and two catalytic (C) subunits. Upon binding of two molecules of the second messenger cAMP to each R subunit, a conformational change in the PKA holoenzyme occurs to release the C subunits. These active kinases phosphorylate downstream targets to propagate cAMP responsive cell signaling events. This article focuses on the discovery, structure, cellular location and physiological effects of the catalytic subunit alpha of protein kinase A (encoded by the gene PRKACA). We also explore the potential role of this essential gene as a molecular mediator of certain disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rigney E Turnham
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Box 357750, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 Pacific St. NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - John D Scott
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Box 357750, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 Pacific St. NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
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Deng Z, Ye M, Bian Y, Liu Z, Liu F, Wang C, Qin H, Zou H. Multiplex isotope dimethyl labeling of substrate peptides for high throughput kinase activity assay via quantitative MALDI MS. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:13960-2. [PMID: 25267994 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04906c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A simple, cost-effective and high throughput method was developed for multiplexed kinase activity assay based on the multiplex isotope labeling of designed substrate peptides. This strategy was successfully applied to monitor the time-dependent consumption of substrates and generation of products in the single and multiple substrate systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Deng
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
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31
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Such GK, Yan Y, Johnston APR, Gunawan ST, Caruso F. Interfacing materials science and biology for drug carrier design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:2278-2297. [PMID: 25728711 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201405084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the last ten years, there has been considerable research interest in the development of polymeric carriers for biomedicine. Such delivery systems have the potential to significantly reduce side effects and increase the bioavailability of poorly soluble therapeutics. The design of carriers has relied on harnessing specific variations in biological conditions, such as pH or redox potential, and more recently, by incorporating specific peptide cleavage sites for enzymatic hydrolysis. Although much progress has been made in this field, the specificity of polymeric carriers is still limited when compared with their biological counterparts. To synthesize the next generation of carriers, it is important to consider the biological rationale for materials design. This requires a detailed understanding of the cellular microenvironments and how these can be harnessed for specific applications. In this review, several important physiological cues in the cellular microenvironments are outlined, with a focus on changes in pH, redox potential, and the types of enzymes present in specific regions. Furthermore, recent studies that use such biologically inspired triggers to design polymeric carriers are highlighted, focusing on applications in the field of therapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina K Such
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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32
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Wang M, Li Y, Wang R, Wang Z, Chen K, Zhou B, Zhou Z, Sun X. PKA RIα/A-kinase anchoring proteins 10 signaling pathway and the prognosis of colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:496-503. [PMID: 25213315 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Previously study showed that the loss of the control of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A RIα (PKA RIα)/ A-kinase anchoring proteins 10 (AKAP10) signaling pathway initiate dysregulation of cellular healthy physiology leading to tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PKA RIα/AKAP10 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS The AKAP10 expression at the mRNA and protein level have been analyzed in colon cancer cell lines, primary CRCs and matched normal mucosa samples, and compared in accordance with specific clinicopathological features of CRC. The correlation between expression of AKAP10 and PKA RIα were also analyzed. RESULTS Compared with HCT116 and SW480 cells, the AKAP10 was significantly upregulated in the colon cell line KM12C and its metastatic counterparts, KM12SM and KM12L4A. Moreover, the KM12SM and KM12L4A having high metastatic potentials displayed the elevated levels of AKAP10 compared with KM12C having poor metastatic potential. A notably higher level of AKAP10 expression was found in CRC tissues at both mRNA and protein levels. Increased expression of AKAP10 in CRC patients was positively associated with the depth of invasion and the grade of differentiation. Univariate survival analysis showed that the increased expression of AKAP10 was related to poorer survival. Cox multivariate regression analysis confirmed that AKAP10 was an independent predictor of the overall survival of CRC patients. PKA RIα mRNA was also expressed at high levels in CRC. The correlation coefficient between mRNA expression of AKAP10 and PKA RIα in CRC was 0.417. AKAP10 mRNA overexpression was correlated significantly with PKA RIα. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that PKA RIα/AKAP10 signaling pathway is associated with the progression and prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Digestive Surgery, National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Dauchy RT, Xiang S, Mao L, Brimer S, Wren MA, Yuan L, Anbalagan M, Hauch A, Frasch T, Rowan BG, Blask DE, Hill SM. Circadian and melatonin disruption by exposure to light at night drives intrinsic resistance to tamoxifen therapy in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 74:4099-110. [PMID: 25062775 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to endocrine therapy is a major impediment to successful treatment of breast cancer. Preclinical and clinical evidence links resistance to antiestrogen drugs in breast cancer cells with the overexpression and/or activation of various pro-oncogenic tyrosine kinases. Disruption of circadian rhythms by night shift work or disturbed sleep-wake cycles may lead to an increased risk of breast cancer and other diseases. Moreover, light exposure at night (LEN) suppresses the nocturnal production of melatonin that inhibits breast cancer growth. In this study, we used a rat model of estrogen receptor (ERα(+)) MCF-7 tumor xenografts to demonstrate how altering light/dark cycles with dim LEN (dLEN) speed the development of breast tumors, increasing their metabolism and growth and conferring an intrinsic resistance to tamoxifen therapy. These characteristics were not observed in animals in which the circadian melatonin rhythm was not disrupted, or in animals subjected to dLEN if they received nocturnal melatonin replacement. Strikingly, our results also showed that melatonin acted both as a tumor metabolic inhibitor and a circadian-regulated kinase inhibitor to reestablish the sensitivity of breast tumors to tamoxifen and tumor regression. Together, our findings show how dLEN-mediated disturbances in nocturnal melatonin production can render tumors insensitive to tamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Dauchy
- Departments of Structural and Cellular Biology and Tulane Circadian Cancer Biology Group; and
| | - Shulin Xiang
- Departments of Structural and Cellular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium; Tulane Circadian Cancer Biology Group; and
| | - Lulu Mao
- Departments of Structural and Cellular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium; Tulane Circadian Cancer Biology Group; and
| | | | - Melissa A Wren
- Departments of Structural and Cellular Biology and Tulane Circadian Cancer Biology Group; and Department of Comparative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lin Yuan
- Departments of Structural and Cellular Biology and Tulane Circadian Cancer Biology Group; and
| | - Muralidharan Anbalagan
- Departments of Structural and Cellular Biology and Tulane Circadian Cancer Biology Group; and
| | - Adam Hauch
- Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine; Tulane Circadian Cancer Biology Group; and
| | - Tripp Frasch
- Departments of Structural and Cellular Biology and
| | - Brian G Rowan
- Departments of Structural and Cellular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium; Tulane Circadian Cancer Biology Group; and
| | - David E Blask
- Departments of Structural and Cellular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium; Tulane Circadian Cancer Biology Group; and
| | - Steven M Hill
- Departments of Structural and Cellular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium; Tulane Circadian Cancer Biology Group; and
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Kong DH, Jung SH, Jeon HY, Kim WJ, Kim YM, Ha KS. A peptide array-based serological protein kinase A activity assay and its application in cancer diagnosis. Analyst 2015; 140:6588-6594. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01151e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) plays a crucial role in several biological processes; however, there is no assay with sufficient sensitivity and specificity to determine serological PKA (sPKA) activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Hoon Kong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Institute of Medical Science
- Kangwon National University School of Medicine
- Chuncheon
- Korea
| | - Se-Hui Jung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Institute of Medical Science
- Kangwon National University School of Medicine
- Chuncheon
- Korea
| | - Hye-Yoon Jeon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Institute of Medical Science
- Kangwon National University School of Medicine
- Chuncheon
- Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Kangwon National University School of Medicine
- Chuncheon
- Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Institute of Medical Science
- Kangwon National University School of Medicine
- Chuncheon
- Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Institute of Medical Science
- Kangwon National University School of Medicine
- Chuncheon
- Korea
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35
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Yalak G, Vogel V. Ectokinases as novel cancer markers and drug targets in cancer therapy. Cancer Med 2014; 4:404-14. [PMID: 25504773 PMCID: PMC4380966 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
While small-molecule kinase inhibitors became the most prominent anticancer drugs, novel combinatorial strategies need to be developed as the fight against cancer is not yet won. We review emerging literature showing that the release of several ectokinases is significantly upregulated in body fluids from cancer patients and that they leave behind their unique signatures on extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Our analysis of proteomic data reveals that fibronectin is heavily phosphorylated in cancer tissues particularly within its growth factor binding sites and on domains that regulate fibrillogenesis. We are thus making the case that cancer is not only a disease of cells but also of the ECM. Targeting extracellular kinases or the extracellular signatures they leave behind might thus create novel opportunities in cancer diagnosis as well as new avenues to interfere with cancer progression and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garif Yalak
- Harvard Medical School/Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115; Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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36
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Blumenthal DK, Copps J, Smith-Nguyen EV, Zhang P, Heller WT, Taylor SS. The roles of the RIIβ linker and N-terminal cyclic nucleotide-binding domain in determining the unique structures of the type IIβ protein kinase A: a small angle x-ray and neutron scattering study. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28505-12. [PMID: 25112875 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.584177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) is ubiquitously expressed and is responsible for regulating many important cellular functions in response to changes in intracellular cAMP concentrations. The PKA holoenzyme is a tetramer (R2:C2), with a regulatory subunit homodimer (R2) that binds and inhibits two catalytic (C) subunits; binding of cAMP to the regulatory subunit homodimer causes activation of the catalytic subunits. Four different R subunit isoforms exist in mammalian cells, and these confer different structural features, subcellular localization, and biochemical properties upon the PKA holoenzymes they form. The holoenzyme containing RIIβ is structurally unique in that the type IIβ holoenzyme is much more compact than the free RIIβ homodimer. We have used small angle x-ray scattering and small angle neutron scattering to study the solution structure and subunit organization of a holoenzyme containing an RIIβ C-terminal deletion mutant (RIIβ(1-280)), which is missing the C-terminal cAMP-binding domain to better understand the structural organization of the type IIβ holoenzyme and the RIIβ domains that contribute to stabilizing the holoenzyme conformation. Our results demonstrate that compaction of the type IIβ holoenzyme does not require the C-terminal cAMP-binding domain but rather involves large structural rearrangements within the linker and N-terminal cyclic nucleotide-binding domain of the RIIβ homodimer. The structural rearrangements are significantly greater than seen previously with RIIα and are likely to be important in mediating short range and long range interdomain and intersubunit interactions that uniquely regulate the activity of the type IIβ isoform of PKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald K Blumenthal
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112,
| | - Jeffrey Copps
- the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0654
| | - Eric V Smith-Nguyen
- the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0654
| | - Ping Zhang
- the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0654
| | - William T Heller
- the Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, and
| | - Susan S Taylor
- the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0654, the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0654
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Yalak G, Ehrlich YH, Olsen BR. Ecto-protein kinases and phosphatases: an emerging field for translational medicine. J Transl Med 2014; 12:165. [PMID: 24923278 PMCID: PMC4071215 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in translational research has led to effective new treatments of a large number of diseases. Despite this progress, diseases including cancer and cardiovascular disorders still are at the top in death statistics and disorders such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis represent an increasing disease burden in the aging population. Novel strategies in research are needed more than ever to overcome such diseases. The growing field of extracellular protein phosphorylation provides excellent opportunities to make major discoveries of disease mechanisms that can lead to novel therapies. Reversible phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of sites in the extracellular domains of matrix, cell-surface and trans-membrane proteins is emerging as a critical regulatory mechanism in health and disease. Moreover, a new concept is emerging from studies of extracellular protein phosphorylation: in cells where ATP is stored within secretory vesicles and released by exocytosis upon cell-stimulation, phosphorylation of extracellular proteins can operate as a messenger operating uniquely in signaling pathways responsible for long-term cellular adaptation. Here, we highlight new concepts that arise from this research, and discuss translation of the findings into clinical applications such as development of diagnostic disease markers and next-generation drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bjorn R Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Wang Z, Sun N, He Y, Liu Y, Li J. DNA assembled gold nanoparticles polymeric network blocks modular highly sensitive electrochemical biosensors for protein kinase activity analysis and inhibition. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6153-9. [PMID: 24814403 DOI: 10.1021/ac501375s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive electrochemical biosensor was built for the detection of kinase activity based on the DNA induced gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) polymeric network block signal amplification. In this strategy, the DNA1 conjugated AuNPs were integrated with the phosphorylated peptide by Zr(4+) and assembled into DNA-AuNPs polymeric network block by the hybridization of cDNA with each side sequences of DNA1 and joint DNA2. The kinase activity was determined by the amperometric responses of [Ru(NH3)6](3+) absorbed on the network block by electrostatic interaction. Due to its excellent electroactivity and high accommodation of the DNA-AuNPs polymeric network block for [Ru(NH3)6](3+), the current signal was significantly amplified, affording a highly sensitive electrochemical analysis of kinase activity. The as-proposed biosensor presents a low detection limit of 0.03 U mL(-1) for protein kinase A (PKA) activity, wide linear range (from 0.03 to 40 U mL(-1)), and excellent stability even in cell lysates and serum samples. This biosensor can also be applied for quantitative kinase inhibitor screening. Finally, the PKA activities from BE4S-2B, A549, and MCF-7 cell lysates were further analyzed, which provided a valuable strategy in developing a high-throughput assay of in vitro kinase activity and inhibitor screening for clinic diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghua Wang
- Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textiles, the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Qingdao University , Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
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A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins 10 Expression in Relation to 2073A/G Polymorphism and Tumor Progression in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 19:521-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-013-9612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Yalak G, Vogel V. Extracellular phosphorylation and phosphorylated proteins: not just curiosities but physiologically important. Sci Signal 2012; 5:re7. [PMID: 23250399 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mining of the literature and high-throughput mass spectrometry data from both healthy and diseased tissues and from body fluids reveals evidence that various extracellular proteins can exist in phosphorylated states. Extracellular kinases and phosphatases (ectokinases and ectophosphatases) are active in extracellular spaces during times of sufficiently high concentrations of adenosine triphosphate. There is evidence for a role of extracellular phosphorylation in various physiological functions, including blood coagulation, immune cell activation, and the formation of neuronal networks. Ectokinase activity is increased in some diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and some microbial infections. We summarize the literature supporting the physiological and pathological roles of extracellularly localized protein kinases, protein phosphatases, and phosphorylated proteins and provide an analysis of the available mass spectrometry data to annotate potential extracellular phosphorylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garif Yalak
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang Pauli Strasse 10, HCI F443, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Loilome W, Yooyuen S, Namwat N, Sithithaworn P, Puapairoj A, Kano J, Noguchi M, Miwa M, Yongvanit P. PRKAR1A overexpression is associated with increased ECPKA autoantibody in liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma: application for assessment of the risk group. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:2289-98. [PMID: 22922884 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0491-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) associated with Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov) chronic infection is the most frequent primary liver cancer in Thailand, and current approaches to early diagnosis and curative treatments are largely disappointing. We hypothesize a role for protein kinase A (PKA) in Ov-induced CCA. First, we studied the PKA isozyme switching in the liver from the hamster CCA model using quantitative (q) PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemical and western blot analysis. Second, the presence of extracellular PKA (ECPKA) in CCA cell lines and their conditioned media was demonstrated by western blot and PKA activity assay. Third, we determined the association between PRKAR1A expression and serum ECPKA autoantibody in patients with CCA by ELISA. We demonstrated that an increased PRKAR1A expression is restricted to the biliary cells starting from week 1, with remarkable up-regulation when CCA has completely developed by week 24. The switching of the PKA regulatory subunit isoforms from PRKAR2B/PKAII to PRKAR1A/PKAI is significantly associated with cholangiocyte proliferation. Further, we observed that human CCA cell lines express PRKAR1A but not PRKAR2B and excrete ECPKA. Finally, ECPKA autoantibodies are detected in serum of patients with CCA, adenocarcinoma, and Ov infection with periductal fibrosis, but not from Ov-infected subjects without periductal fibrosis lesion and healthy controls. We conclude that PKA isozyme switching and the PRKAR1A/PKAI pathway might contribute to the induction of cholangiocyte transformation and proliferation in Ov-induced CCA. Overexpression of PRKAR1A leads to secretion of ECPKA which is associated with serum autoantibody that may constitute a biomarker for human CCA genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharin Loilome
- Department of Biochemistry and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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RNASET2--an autoantigen in anaplastic large cell lymphoma identified by protein array analysis. J Proteomics 2012; 75:5279-92. [PMID: 22732457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Characterising tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) not only represents an important approach to the identification of new diagnostic/prognostic markers, but can also provide information on disease processes and additional potential therapeutic targets. Preliminary screening of a protein macroarray, containing more than 12,000 different proteins, with sera from anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative and ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) patients identified ribonuclease and tumour suppressor protein Ribonuclease T2 (RNASET2), phosphatase lipid phosphate phosphatase-related protein type 3 (LPPR3) and apoptotic adaptor molecule Fas-associating protein (FADD) as ALK-negative ALCL-associated TAAs. Further validation of these observations was confirmed using the ALCL sera in reverse ELISAs. The circulating anti-RNASET2 autoantibodies present in ALCL patients' sera also recognised eukaryotically expressed RNASET2 protein. RNASET2 expression was then investigated in normal tissues and in lymphomas to explore its clinical potential. RNASET2 protein and mRNA levels showed highest expression in the spleen, leucocytes and pancreas. RNASET2 protein expression was not restricted to ALK-negative ALCL (81%), being expressed in ALK-positive ALCL (65%) as well as in a number of other lymphomas. The immunological recognition of RNASET2, its expression in ALCL and other lymphomas together with its known tumourigenic properties suggest that further studies on this autoantigen are warranted.
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Toita R, Mori T, Naritomi Y, Kang JH, Shiosaki S, Niidome T, Katayama Y. Fluorometric detection of protein kinase Cα activity based on phosphorylation-induced dissociation of a polyion complex. Anal Biochem 2012; 424:130-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Time-gated luminescence assay using nonmetal probes for determination of protein kinase activity-based disease markers. Anal Biochem 2012; 422:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Enkvist E, Vaasa A, Kasari M, Kriisa M, Ivan T, Ligi K, Raidaru G, Uri A. Protein-induced long lifetime luminescence of nonmetal probes. ACS Chem Biol 2011; 6:1052-62. [PMID: 21776959 DOI: 10.1021/cb200120v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved luminometry-based assays have great potential for measurements in complicated biological solutions and living cells as the measured signal can be easily distinguished from nanosecond lifetime background fluorescence of organic compounds and autofluorescence of cells. In the present study we discovered that binding of a thiophene- or a selenophene-containing heteroaromatic moiety (luminescence donor) to the purine-binding pocket of a protein kinase (PK) induces long lifetime photoluminescence signal that is largely intensified through efficient energy transfer to a fluorescent dye present in close proximity to the luminescence donor. The developed ARC-Lum probes possessing 19-266 μs luminescence lifetime when associated with the target kinase can be used for determination of activity of basophilic PKs, characterization of inhibitors of PKs, and as cAMP sensors. An ARC-Lum probe was also used for the determination of kinetic parameters of inhibitor binding to the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKAc). Effective real-time monitoring of the activation of PKA by Forskolin and the displacement of an ARC-Lum probe from its complex with PKA by inhibitor H89 was performed in live cells. The discovered phenomenon, protein-induced long lifetime luminescence of aromatic probes is very likely to occur with all PKs and many other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Angela Vaasa
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marje Kasari
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marie Kriisa
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Taavi Ivan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadri Ligi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gerda Raidaru
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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Webber MJ, Newcomb CJ, Bitton R, Stupp SI. Switching of Self-Assembly in a Peptide Nanostructure with a Specific Enzyme. SOFT MATTER 2011; 7:9665-9672. [PMID: 22408645 PMCID: PMC3293180 DOI: 10.1039/c1sm05610g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Peptide self-assembly has been shown to be a useful tool for the preparation of bioactive nanostructures, and recent work has demonstrated their potential as therapies for regenerative medicine. In principle, one route to make these nanostructures more biomimetic would be to incorporate in their molecular design the capacity for biological sensing. We report here on the use of a reversible enzymatic trigger to control the assembly and disassembly of peptide amphiphile (PA) nanostructures. The PA used in these studies contained a consensus substrate sequence specific to protein kinase A (PKA), a biological enzyme important for intracellular signaling that has also been shown to be an extracellular cancer biomarker. Upon treatment with PKA, this PA molecule becomes phosphorylated causing the high aspect-ratio filamentous PA nanostructures to disassemble. Treatment with an enzyme to cleave the phosphate group results in reformation of the filamentous nanostructures. We also show that disassembly in the presence of PKA allows the enzyme-triggered release of an encapsulated cancer drug. In addition, these drug-loaded nanostructures were found to induce preferential cytotoxicity in a cancer cell line that is known to secrete high levels of PKA. This ability to control nanostructure through an enzymatic switch could allow for the preparation of highly sophisticated and biomimetic materials that incorporate a biological sensing capability to enable therapeutic specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Webber
- Northwestern University Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, IL, 60208 USA
| | - Christina J. Newcomb
- Northwestern University Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Ronit Bitton
- Institute for Bionanotechnology in Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Northwestern University Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
- Institute for Bionanotechnology in Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Northwestern University Department of Chemistry, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
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Extracellular phosphorylation of the amyloid β-peptide promotes formation of toxic aggregates during the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. EMBO J 2011; 30:2255-65. [PMID: 21527912 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and associated with progressive deposition of amyloid β-peptides (Aβ) in the brain. Aβ derives by sequential proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein by β- and γ-secretases. Rare mutations that lead to amino-acid substitutions within or close to the Aβ domain promote the formation of neurotoxic Aβ assemblies and can cause early-onset AD. However, mechanisms that increase the aggregation of wild-type Aβ and cause the much more common sporadic forms of AD are largely unknown. Here, we show that extracellular Aβ undergoes phosphorylation by protein kinases at the cell surface and in cerebrospinal fluid of the human brain. Phosphorylation of serine residue 8 promotes formation of oligomeric Aβ assemblies that represent nuclei for fibrillization. Phosphorylated Aβ was detected in the brains of transgenic mice and human AD brains and showed increased toxicity in Drosophila models as compared with non-phosphorylated Aβ. Phosphorylation of Aβ could represent an important molecular mechanism in the pathogenesis of the most common sporadic form of AD.
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Azmi AS, Philip PA, Zafar SF, Sarkar FH, Mohammad RM. PAR-4 as a possible new target for pancreatic cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2010; 14:611-20. [PMID: 20426700 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2010.487066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a deadly disease that is intractable to currently available treatment regimens. Although well described in different tumors types, the importance of apoptosis inducer prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) in PC has not been appreciated. PC is an oncogenic kras driven disease, which is known to downregulate Par-4. Therefore, this review highlights its significance and builds a strong case supporting the role of Par-4 as a possible therapeutic target in PC. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW Literature-based evidence spanning the last 15 years on Par-4 and its significance in PC. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This review provides comprehensive knowledge of the significance of Par-4 and its association with kras status in PC, along with the crosstalk with crucial resistance and survival molecules NF-kappaB and Bcl-2 that ultimately are responsible for the overall poor outcome of different therapeutic approaches in this disease. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Par-4 holds promise as a potential therapeutic target that can be induced by chemopreventive agents and small-molecule inhibitors either alone or in combination with standard chemotherapeutics leading to selective apoptosis in PC cells. It also acts as a chemosensitizer and therefore warrants further clinical investigations in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Bao Y, Weiss LM, Ma YF, Kahn S, Huang H. Protein kinase A catalytic subunit interacts and phosphorylates members of trans-sialidase super-family in Trypanosoma cruzi. Microbes Infect 2010; 12:716-26. [PMID: 20466066 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2010.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) has been suggested as a regulator of stage differentiation in Trypanosoma cruzi. Using a yeast two-hybrid system we have begun to characterize the downstream substrates of T. cruzi PKA. We identified several members of the trans-sialidase super family by this approach. Immunoprecitation demonstrated that a TcPKAc monoclonal antibody was able to pull-down proteins recognized by trans-sialidase antibodies as well as a SA85-1.1 antibody and vice versa. An in vitro phosphorylation assay demonstrated that PKA phosphorylated the recombinant protein of an active trans-sialidase. In addition, a phospho-(Ser/Thr) PKA substrate antibody detected bands on immunoblot analysis of trans-sialidase antibody precipitated proteins from parasite lysate and the media of L(6)E(9) myoblasts infected with trypomastigotes as well as from a SA85-1.1 antibody precipitated proteins from parasite lysate. Immunofluorescence analysis suggested that some TcPKAc localizes to the plasma membrane surface of trypomastigotes. The identified trans-sialidases have PKA consensus phosphorylation sites located near the endoplasmic reticulum retention motif in the N-terminal. These data support that PKA phosphorylates trans-sialidase super family members in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Bao
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Tan HT, Low J, Lim SG, Chung MCM. Serum autoantibodies as biomarkers for early cancer detection. FEBS J 2009; 276:6880-904. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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