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Chen L, Wang N, Zhang T, Zhang F, Zhang W, Meng H, Chen J, Liao Z, Xu X, Ma Z, Xu T, Liu H. Directed differentiation of pancreatic δ cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6344. [PMID: 39068220 PMCID: PMC11283558 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of pancreatic δ cells contributes to the etiology of diabetes. Despite their important role, human δ cells are scarce, limiting physiological studies and drug discovery targeting δ cells. To date, no directed δ-cell differentiation method has been established. Here, we demonstrate that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 7 promotes pancreatic endoderm/progenitor differentiation, whereas FGF2 biases cells towards the pancreatic δ-cell lineage via FGF receptor 1. We develop a differentiation method to generate δ cells from human stem cells by combining FGF2 with FGF7, which synergistically directs pancreatic lineage differentiation and modulates the expression of transcription factors and SST activators during endoderm/endocrine precursor induction. These δ cells display mature RNA profiles and fine secretory granules, secrete somatostatin in response to various stimuli, and suppress insulin secretion from in vitro co-cultured β cells and mouse β cells upon transplantation. The generation of human pancreatic δ cells from stem cells in vitro would provide an unprecedented cell source for drug discovery and cell transplantation studies in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tongran Zhang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Meng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiying Liao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuo Ma
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huisheng Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Perrin S, Protic S, Bretegnier V, Laurendeau I, de Lageneste OD, Panara N, Ruckebusch O, Luka M, Masson C, Maillard T, Coulpier F, Pannier S, Wicart P, Hadj-Rabia S, Radomska KJ, Zarhrate M, Ménager M, Vidaud D, Topilko P, Parfait B, Colnot C. MEK-SHP2 inhibition prevents tibial pseudarthrosis caused by NF1 loss in Schwann cells and skeletal stem/progenitor cells. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadj1597. [PMID: 38924432 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adj1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) is a severe pathology marked by spontaneous bone fractures that fail to heal, leading to fibrous nonunion. Half of patients with CPT are affected by the multisystemic genetic disorder neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) caused by mutations in the NF1 tumor suppressor gene, a negative regulator of RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Here, we analyzed patients with CPT and Prss56-Nf1 knockout mice to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of CPT-related fibrous nonunion and explored a pharmacological approach to treat CPT. We identified NF1-deficient Schwann cells and skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) in pathological periosteum as affected cell types driving fibrosis. Whereas NF1-deficient SSPCs adopted a fibrotic fate, NF1-deficient Schwann cells produced critical paracrine factors including transforming growth factor-β and induced fibrotic differentiation of wild-type SSPCs. To counteract the elevated RAS-MAPK signaling in both NF1-deficient Schwann cells and SSPCs, we used MAPK kinase (MEK) and Src homology 2 containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) inhibitors. Combined MEK-SHP2 inhibition in vivo prevented fibrous nonunion in the Prss56-Nf1 knockout mouse model, providing a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of fibrous nonunion in CPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Perrin
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94000 Creteil, France
| | - Sanela Protic
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94000 Creteil, France
| | | | - Ingrid Laurendeau
- INSERM UMR S1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Panara
- INSERM UMR S1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Odile Ruckebusch
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Plateforme de Cytométrie en flux, 94000 Creteil, France
| | - Marine Luka
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Atip-Avenir Team, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
- Labtech Single-Cell@Imagine, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Masson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Institut Imagine-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
- INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Théodora Maillard
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, Hôpital Cochin, DMU BioPhyGen, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Centre-Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Fanny Coulpier
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94000 Creteil, France
| | - Stéphanie Pannier
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Wicart
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Smail Hadj-Rabia
- Department of Dermatology, Reference Center for Rare Skin Diseases (MAGEC), Imagine Institute, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Mohammed Zarhrate
- INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut Imagine-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mickael Ménager
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Atip-Avenir Team, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
- Labtech Single-Cell@Imagine, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Vidaud
- INSERM UMR S1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, Hôpital Cochin, DMU BioPhyGen, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Centre-Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Piotr Topilko
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94000 Creteil, France
| | - Béatrice Parfait
- INSERM UMR S1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, Hôpital Cochin, DMU BioPhyGen, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Centre-Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Céline Colnot
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94000 Creteil, France
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Li HZ, Zhang JL, Yuan DL, Xie WQ, Ladel CH, Mobasheri A, Li YS. Role of signaling pathways in age-related orthopedic diseases: focus on the fibroblast growth factor family. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:40. [PMID: 38902808 PMCID: PMC11191355 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling encompasses a multitude of functions, including regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis, and patterning. FGFs and their receptors (FGFR) are crucial for adult tissue repair processes. Aberrant FGF signal transduction is associated with various pathological conditions such as cartilage damage, bone loss, muscle reduction, and other core pathological changes observed in orthopedic degenerative diseases like osteoarthritis (OA), intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), osteoporosis (OP), and sarcopenia. In OA and IVDD pathologies specifically, FGF1, FGF2, FGF8, FGF9, FGF18, FGF21, and FGF23 regulate the synthesis, catabolism, and ossification of cartilage tissue. Additionally, the dysregulation of FGFR expression (FGFR1 and FGFR3) promotes the pathological process of cartilage degradation. In OP and sarcopenia, endocrine-derived FGFs (FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23) modulate bone mineral synthesis and decomposition as well as muscle tissues. FGF2 and other FGFs also exert regulatory roles. A growing body of research has focused on understanding the implications of FGF signaling in orthopedic degeneration. Moreover, an increasing number of potential targets within the FGF signaling have been identified, such as FGF9, FGF18, and FGF23. However, it should be noted that most of these discoveries are still in the experimental stage, and further studies are needed before clinical application can be considered. Presently, this review aims to document the association between the FGF signaling pathway and the development and progression of orthopedic diseases. Besides, current therapeutic strategies targeting the FGF signaling pathway to prevent and treat orthopedic degeneration will be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Zhen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jing-Lve Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine Central, South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Dong-Liang Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine Central, South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Wen-Qing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | | | - Ali Mobasheri
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508, GA, the Netherlands.
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Université de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Marom R, Song IW, Busse EC, Washington ME, Berrier AS, Rossi VC, Ortinau L, Jeong Y, Jiang MM, Dawson BC, Adeyeye M, Leynes C, Lietman CD, Stroup BM, Batkovskyte D, Jain M, Chen Y, Cela R, Castellon A, Tran AA, Lorenzo I, Meyers DN, Huang S, Turner A, Shenava V, Wallace M, Orwoll E, Park D, Ambrose CG, Nagamani SC, Heaney JD, Lee BH. The IFITM5 mutation in osteogenesis imperfecta type V is associated with an ERK/SOX9-dependent osteoprogenitor differentiation defect. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e170369. [PMID: 38885336 PMCID: PMC11290974 DOI: 10.1172/jci170369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type V is the second most common form of OI, distinguished by hyperplastic callus formation and calcification of the interosseous membranes, in addition to the bone fragility. It is caused by a recurrent, dominant pathogenic variant (c.-14C>T) in interferon-induced transmembrane protein 5 (IFITM5). Here, we generated a conditional Rosa26-knockin mouse model to study the mechanistic consequences of the recurrent mutation. Expression of the mutant Ifitm5 in osteo-chondroprogenitor or chondrogenic cells resulted in low bone mass and growth retardation. Mutant limbs showed impaired endochondral ossification, cartilage overgrowth, and abnormal growth plate architecture. The cartilage phenotype correlates with the pathology reported in patients with OI type V. Surprisingly, expression of mutant Ifitm5 in mature osteoblasts caused no obvious skeletal abnormalities. In contrast, earlier expression in osteo-chondroprogenitors was associated with an increase in the skeletal progenitor cell population within the periosteum. Lineage tracing showed that chondrogenic cells expressing the mutant Ifitm5 had decreased differentiation into osteoblastic cells in diaphyseal bone. Moreover, mutant IFITM5 disrupted early skeletal homeostasis in part by activating ERK signaling and downstream SOX9 protein, and inhibition of these pathways partially rescued the phenotype in mutant animals. These data identify the contribution of a signaling defect altering osteo-chondroprogenitor differentiation as a driver in the pathogenesis of OI type V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Marom
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - I-Wen Song
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Emily C. Busse
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Megan E. Washington
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ava S. Berrier
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vittoria C. Rossi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Laura Ortinau
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Youngjae Jeong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ming-Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brian C. Dawson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mary Adeyeye
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, UT Health Houston MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carolina Leynes
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Caressa D. Lietman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bridget M. Stroup
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dominyka Batkovskyte
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mahim Jain
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Racel Cela
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alexis Castellon
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alyssa A. Tran
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Isabel Lorenzo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - D. Nicole Meyers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Huffington Department of Education, Innovation, and Technology, Advanced Technology Cores, and
| | - Alicia Turner
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vinitha Shenava
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maegen Wallace
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Eric Orwoll
- Department of Medicine, Bone and Mineral Unit, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Dongsu Park
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Catherine G. Ambrose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sandesh C.S. Nagamani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jason D. Heaney
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brendan H. Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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Gilbert HTJ, Wignall FEJ, Zeef L, Hoyland JA, Richardson SM. Transcriptomic profiling reveals key early response genes during GDF6-mediated differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells to nucleus pulposus cells. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1315. [PMID: 38249721 PMCID: PMC10797253 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cell-based therapies show promise as a means of repairing the degenerate intervertebral disc, with growth factors often used alongside cells to help direct differentiation toward a nucleus pulposus (NP)-like phenotype. We previously demonstrated adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) differentiation with GDF6 as optimal for generating NP-like cells through evaluating end-stage differentiation parameters. Here we conducted a time-resolved transcriptomic characterization of ASCs response to GDF6 stimulation to understand the early drivers of differentiation to NP-like cells. Methods Human ASCs were treated with recombinant human GDF6 for 2, 6, and 12 h. RNA sequencing and detailed bioinformatic analysis were used to assess differential gene expression, gene ontology (GO), and transcription factor involvement during early differentiation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to validate RNA sequencing findings and inhibitors used to interrogate Smad and Erk signaling pathways, as well as identify primary and secondary response genes. Results The transcriptomic response of ASCs to GDF6 stimulation was time-resolved and highly structured, with "cell differentiation" "developmental processes," and "response to stimulus" identified as key biological process GO terms. The transcription factor ERG1 was identified as a key early response gene. Temporal cluster analysis of differentiation genes identified positive regulation NP cell differentiation, as well as inhibition of osteogenesis and adipogenesis. A role for Smad and Erk signaling in the regulation of GDF6-induced early gene expression response was observed and both primary and secondary response genes were identified. Conclusions This study identifies a multifactorial early gene response that contributes to lineage commitment, with the identification of a number of potentially useful early markers of differentiation of ASCs to NP cells. This detailed insight into the molecular processes in response to GDF6 stimulation of ASCs is important for the development of an efficient and efficacious cell-based therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration-associated back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish T. J. Gilbert
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
| | - Francis E. J. Wignall
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
| | - Leo Zeef
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Judith A. Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
| | - Stephen M. Richardson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
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Zhou M, Lin B, Wu P, Ke Y, Huang S, Zhang F, Hei X, Mao Z, Li X, Wan P, Chen T, Yang H, Huang D. SOX9 Induces Orbital Fibroblast Activation in Thyroid Eye Disease Via MAPK/ERK1/2 Pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:25. [PMID: 38345552 PMCID: PMC10866156 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the expression of sry-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) in orbital fibroblasts (OFs) of thyroid eye disease (TED) and to find its potential role and underlying mechanism in orbital fibrosis. Methods OFs were cultured from orbital connective tissues obtained from patients with TED (n = 10) and healthy controls (n = 6). SOX9 was depleted by small interfering RNA or overexpressed through lentivirus transduction in OFs. Fibroblast contractile activity was measured by collagen gel contraction assay and proliferation was examined by EdU assay. Transcriptomic changes were assessed by RNA sequencing. Results The mRNA and protein levels of SOX9 were significantly higher in OFs cultured from patients with TED than those from healthy controls. Extracellular matrix-related genes were down-regulated by SOX9 knockdown and up-regulated by SOX9 overexpression in TED-OFs. SOX9 knockdown significantly decrease the contraction and the antiapoptotic ability of OFs, whereas the overexpression of SOX9 increased the ability of transformation, migration, and proliferation of OFs. SOX9 knockdown suppressed the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2, whereas its overexpression showed the opposite effect. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the notably down-regulated genes screened out by RNA sequencing. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR demonstrated SOX9 binding to the EGFR promoter. Conclusions A high expression of SOX9 was found in TED-OFs. SOX9 can activate OFs via MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which in turn promotes proliferation and differentiation of OFs. EGFR was a downstream target gene of SOX9. SOX9/EGFR can be considered as therapeutic targets for the treatment of orbital fibrosis in TED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bingying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pengsen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Siyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiangqing Hei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhen Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xingyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pengxia Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huasheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Danping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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7
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Song M, Yao H, Sun Z, Chen D, Xu X, Long G, Wu L, Hu W. METTL3/YTHDC1-medicated m6A modification of circRNA3634 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of antler chondrocytes by miR-124486-5-MAPK1 axis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:101. [PMID: 38062349 PMCID: PMC10702069 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The deer antler, a remarkable mammalian appendage, has a growth rate surpassing that of any other known osseous organ. Emerging evidence indicates that circRNA and MAPK1 play critical roles in chondrocytes. Thus, exploration of their functions in antler chondrocytes will help us to understand the mechanism regulating the rapid antler growth. METHODS qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the expression of mRNAs and proteins. CCK-8, EdU, Cell migration, ALP activity detection, and ALP staining examined the effects of MAPK1 in antler chondrocytes. FISH, RIP, and luciferase assays were performed to evaluate the interactions among circRNA3634/MAPK1 and miR-124486-5. RIP and RAP assays proved the binding interaction between circRNA3634 and RBPs. Me-RIP was used to determine the m6A methylation modification of circRNA3634. RESULTS This study revealed high MAPK1 expression in antler cartilage tissue. Overexpression of MAPK1 promoted the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of antler chondrocytes and increased the expression of MAPK3, RAF1, MEK1, RUNX2, and SOX9. The silencing of MAPK1 had the opposite effect. CircRNA3634 was found to act as a molecular sponge for miR-124486-5, leading to increased MAPK1 expression and enhanced proliferation and migration of antler chondrocytes through competitive miR-124486-5 binding. We discovered that METTL3 mediates m6A modification near the splicing site of circRNA3634 and is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of antler chondrocytes. The m6A reader YTHDC1 facilitated the nuclear export of circRNA3634 in an m6A-dependent manner. Our results indicate that m6A-modified circRNA3634 promotes the proliferation of antler chondrocytes by targeting MAPK1 and show that the nuclear export of circRNA3634 is related to the expression of YTHDC1, suggesting that circRNA3634 could represent a critical regeneration marker for the antler. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed a novel m6A-modified circRNA3634 promoted the proliferation and differentiation of antler chondrocytes by regulating MAPK1. The nuclear export of circRNA3634 was related to the expression of YTHDC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Song
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Haibo Yao
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zitong Sun
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Danyang Chen
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiwen Xu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guohui Long
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Lei Wu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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8
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Nitta Y, Fujii T, Uchiyama T, Sugimoto A, Nishikawa T, Takeda M, Miyake M, Shimada K, Fujimoto K. Overexpression of MicroRNA-138 Affects the Proliferation and Invasion of Urothelial Carcinoma Cells by Suppressing SOX9 Expression. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3064. [PMID: 38002064 PMCID: PMC10669193 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) is important for sexual differentiation, chondrogenic differentiation, and cell proliferation in cancer. It acts as a target molecule of microRNA (miR)-138 in various tumors and is associated with tumor development and growth. In this study, we analyzed the functions of miR-138 and SOX9 in urothelial carcinoma. SOX9 was highly expressed in invasive urothelial carcinoma tissues. miR-138 precursor transfection of T24 and UMUC2 cells significantly decreased SOX9 expression, indicating that SOX9 is a miR-138 target in urothelial carcinoma. Moreover, miR-138 precursor or SOX9 small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection decreased the proliferation of urothelial carcinoma cell lines. To further confirm that miR-138-SOX9 signaling is involved in cell proliferation and invasion, urothelial carcinoma cells were transfected with the miR-138 precursor or SOX9 siRNA. This transfection reduced the proliferation and invasion of cells via the promotion of autophagy and apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. These results suggest that miR-138-SOX9 signaling modulates the growth and invasive potential of urothelial carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nitta
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tomomi Fujii
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara 634-8521, Japan
- Division of Fostering Required Medical Human Resources, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoko Uchiyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Aya Sugimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishikawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara 634-8521, Japan
- Department of Central Clinical Laboratory, Nara Medical University Hospital, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Maiko Takeda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Keiji Shimada
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara City Hospital, Nara 630-8305, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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9
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Zieba J, Nevarez L, Wachtell D, Martin JH, Kot A, Wong S, Cohn DH, Krakow D. Altered Sox9 and FGF signaling gene expression in Aga2 OI mice negatively affects linear growth. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e171984. [PMID: 37796615 PMCID: PMC10721276 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), or brittle bone disease, is a disorder characterized by bone fragility and increased fracture incidence. All forms of OI also feature short stature, implying an effect on endochondral ossification. Using the Aga2+/- mouse, which has a mutation in type I collagen, we show an affected growth plate primarily due to a shortened proliferative zone. We used single-cell RNA-Seq analysis of tibial and femoral growth plate tissues to understand transcriptional consequences on growth plate cell types. We show that perichondrial cells, which express abundant type I procollagen, and growth plate chondrocytes, which were found to express low amounts of type I procollagen, had ER stress and dysregulation of the same unfolded protein response pathway as previously demonstrated in osteoblasts. Aga2+/- proliferating chondrocytes showed increased FGF and MAPK signaling, findings consistent with accelerated differentiation. There was also increased Sox9 expression throughout the growth plate, which is expected to accelerate early chondrocyte differentiation but reduce late hypertrophic differentiation. These data reveal that mutant type I collagen expression in OI has an impact on the cartilage growth plate. These effects on endochondral ossification indicate that OI is a biologically complex phenotype going beyond its known impacts on bone to negatively affect linear growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Zieba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lisette Nevarez
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Davis Wachtell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jorge H. Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander Kot
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sereen Wong
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel H. Cohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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10
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Baddela VS, Michaelis M, Tao X, Koczan D, Vanselow J. ERK1/2-SOX9/FOXL2 axis regulates ovarian steroidogenesis and favors the follicular-luteal transition. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302100. [PMID: 37532283 PMCID: PMC10397509 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Estradiol and progesterone are the primary sex steroids produced by the ovary. Upon luteinizing hormone surge, estradiol-producing granulosa cells convert into progesterone-producing cells and eventually become large luteal cells of the corpus luteum. Signaling pathways and transcription factors involved in the cessation of estradiol and simultaneous stimulation of progesterone production in granulosa cells are not clearly understood. Here, we decipher that phosphorylated ERK1/2 regulates granulosa cell steroidogenesis by inhibiting estradiol and inducing progesterone production. Down-regulation of transcription factor FOXL2 and up-regulation of SOX9 by ERK underpin its differential steroidogenic function. Interestingly, the incidence of SOX9 is largely uncovered in ovarian cells and is found to regulate FOXL2 along with CYP19A1 and STAR genes, encoding rate-limiting enzymes of steroidogenesis, in cultured granulosa cells. We propose that the novel ERK1/2-SOX9/FOXL2 axis in granulosa cells is a critical regulator of ovarian steroidogenesis and may be considered when addressing pathophysiologies associated with inappropriate steroid production and infertility in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Simha Baddela
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Marten Michaelis
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Xuelian Tao
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Dirk Koczan
- Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Vanselow
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
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11
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Zhang X, Pu X, Pi C, Xie J. The role of fibroblast growth factor 7 in cartilage development and diseases. Life Sci 2023:121804. [PMID: 37245839 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7), also known as keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), shows a crucial biological significance in tissue development, wound repair, tumorigenesis, and immune reconstruction. In the skeletal system, FGF7 directs the cellular synaptic extension of individual cells and facilities functional gap junction intercellular communication of a collective of cells. Moreover, it promotes the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells via a cytoplasmic signaling network. For cartilage, reports have indicated the potential role of FGF7 on the regulation of key molecules Cx43 in cartilage and Runx2 in hypertrophic cartilage. However, the molecular mechanism of FGF7 in chondrocyte behaviors and cartilage pathological process remains largely unknown. In this review, we systematically summarize the recent biological function of FGF7 and its regulatory role on chondrocytes and cartilage diseases, especially through the hot focus of two key molecules, Runx2 and Cx43. The current knowledge of FGF7 on the physiological and pathological processes of chondrocytes and cartilage provides us new cues for wound repair of cartilage defect and therapy of cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohua Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caixia Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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12
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Huang X, Chen D, Liang C, Shi K, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Chen J, Xia K, Shu J, Yang B, Wang J, Xu H, Yu C, Cheng F, Wang S, Zhang Y, Wang C, Ying L, Li H, Han M, Li F, Tao Y, Zhao Q, Chen Q. Swelling-Mediated Mechanical Stimulation Regulates Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Intervertebral Disc Repair Using Injectable UCST Microgels. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201925. [PMID: 36250343 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stimulation is an effective approach for controlling stem cell differentiation in tissue engineering. However, its realization in in vivo tissue repair remains challenging since this type of stimulation can hardly be applied to injectable seeding systems. Here, it is presented that swelling of injectable microgels can be transformed to in situ mechanical stimulation via stretching the cells adhered on their surface. Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) microgels with the upper critical solution temperature property are fabricated using inverse emulsion polymerization and further coated with polydopamine to increase cell adhesion. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) adhered on the microgels can be omnidirectionally stretched along with the responsive swelling of the microgels, which upregulate TRPV4 and Piezo1 channel proteins and enhance nucleus pulposus (NP)-like differentiation of ADSCs. In vivo experiments reveal that the disc height and extracellular matrix content of NP are promoted after the implantation with the microgels. The findings indicate that swelling-induced mechanical stimulation has great potential for regulating stem cell differentiation during intervertebral disc repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianpeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Di Chen
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Kesi Shi
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yuang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Jiangjie Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Jiawei Shu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Jingkai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Haibin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Shaoke Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Chenggui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Liwei Ying
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Meiling Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Fangcai Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yiqing Tao
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Qixin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
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13
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Jiang T, Hu W, Zhang S, Ren C, Lin S, Zhou Z, Wu H, Yin J, Tan L. Fibroblast growth factor 10 attenuates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by protecting against glycocalyx impairment and endothelial apoptosis. Respir Res 2022; 23:269. [PMID: 36183124 PMCID: PMC9526324 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The defects and imbalance in lung repair and structural maintenance contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), yet the molecular mechanisms that regulate lung repair process are so far incompletely understood. We hypothesized that cigarette smoking causes glycocalyx impairment and endothelial apoptosis in COPD, which could be repaired by the stimulation of fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10)/FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling. Methods We used immunostaining (immunohistochemical [IHC] and immunofluorescence [IF]) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the levels of glycocalyx components and endothelial apoptosis in animal models and in patients with COPD. We used the murine emphysema model and in vitro studies to determine the protective and reparative role of FGF10/FGFR1. Results Exposure to cigarette smoke caused endothelial glycocalyx impairment and emphysematous changes in murine models and human specimens. Pretreatment of FGF10 attenuated the development of emphysema and the shedding of glycocalyx components induced by CSE in vivo. However, FGF10 did not attenuate the emphysema induced by endothelial-specific killing peptide CGSPGWVRC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2. Mechanistically, FGF10 alleviated smoke-induced endothelial apoptosis and glycocalyx repair through FGFR1/ERK/SOX9/HS6ST1 signaling in vitro. FGF10 was shown to repair pulmonary glycocalyx injury and endothelial apoptosis, and attenuate smoke-induced COPD through FGFR1 signaling. Conclusions Our results suggest that FGF10 may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy against COPD via endothelial repair and glycocalyx reconstitution. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02193-5. It is the first time to prove the confirm the endothelial glycocalyx impairment in COPD. FGF10 attenuates the development of emphysema and the shedding of glycocalyx induced by CSE in vivo. FGF10 alleviates smoke-induced endothelial apoptosis and glycocalyx repair through FGFR1/ERK/SOX9/HS6ST1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weiping Hu
- Department of Critical Care and Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Changhao Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Siyun Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Lijie Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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14
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Lef1 ablation alleviates cartilage mineralization following posttraumatic osteoarthritis induction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116855119. [PMID: 35594394 PMCID: PMC9173807 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116855119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage mineralization is imperative in various processes such as skeletal growth and fracture repair. However, this process may also be pathological, as in the case of the degenerative joint disease, osteoarthritis (OA). Using a posttraumatic OA model (PTOA), we find that cartilage-specific Sirt1 genetic nulls caused severe synovitis and mineralization of the lateral joint compartment, due to augmented Lef1 gene expression. Conversely, cartilage-specific Lef1 nulls exhibited impaired synovitis and mineralization of the lateral joint, accompanied by a reduction of local pain. Consistently, transcriptomic profiles of Lef1-ablated chondrocytes exhibited enhanced anabolism, yet impaired pathways related to calcification and inflammation. Accordingly, cartilage mineralization of the lateral joint compartment relies on amplified inflammatory pathways, contributing to articular damage following PTOA. Cartilage mineralization is a tightly controlled process, imperative for skeletal growth and fracture repair. However, in osteoarthritis (OA), cartilage mineralization may impact the joint range of motion, inflict pain, and increase chances for joint effusion. Here we attempt to understand the link between inflammation and cartilage mineralization by targeting Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1), both reported to have contrasting effects on cartilage. We find that inflammatory-dependent cleavage of SIRT1 or its cartilage-specific genetic ablation, directly enhanced LEF1 expression accompanied by a catabolic response. Applying a posttraumatic OA (PTOA) model to cartilage-specific Sirt1 nulls displayed severe OA, which was accompanied by synovitis, meniscal mineralization, and osteophyte formation of the lateral joint compartment. Alternatively, cartilage-specific Lef1 nulls presented reduced lateral mineralization, OA severity, and local pain. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that Lef1 ablation reduced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and Toll-like receptor (Tlr) pathways, while enhancing SRY-Box transcription factor 9 (Sox9) and cartilaginous extracellular matrix genes. The results support a link between inflammation and Lef1-dependent cartilage mineralization, mediated by the inactivation of Sirt1. By ablating Lef1 in a PTOA model, the structural and pain-related phenotypes of OA were reduced, in part, by preventing cartilage mineralization of the lateral joint compartment, partially manifested by meniscal tissue mineralization. Overall, these data provide a molecular axis to link between inflammation and cartilage in a PTOA model.
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15
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Kidger AM, Saville MK, Rushworth LK, Davidson J, Stellzig J, Ono M, Kuebelsbeck LA, Janssen KP, Holzmann B, Morton JP, Sansom OJ, Caunt CJ, Keyse SM. Suppression of mutant Kirsten-RAS (KRAS G12D)-driven pancreatic carcinogenesis by dual-specificity MAP kinase phosphatases 5 and 6. Oncogene 2022; 41:2811-2823. [PMID: 35418690 PMCID: PMC9106580 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic phosphatase DUSP6 and its nuclear counterpart DUSP5 are negative regulators of RAS/ERK signalling. Here we use deletion of either Dusp5 or Dusp6 to explore the roles of these phosphatases in a murine model of KRASG12D-driven pancreatic cancer. By 56-days, loss of either DUSP5 or DUSP6 causes a significant increase in KRASG12D-driven pancreatic hyperplasia. This is accompanied by increased pancreatic acinar to ductal metaplasia (ADM) and the development of pre-neoplastic pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanINs). In contrast, by 100-days, pancreatic hyperplasia is reversed with significant atrophy of pancreatic tissue and weight loss observed in animals lacking either DUSP5 or DUSP6. On further ageing, Dusp6-/- mice display accelerated development of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), while in Dusp5-/- animals, although PDAC development is increased this process is attenuated by atrophy of pancreatic acinar tissue and severe weight loss in some animals before cancer could progress. Our data suggest that despite a common target in the ERK MAP kinase, DUSP5 and DUSP6 play partially non-redundant roles in suppressing oncogenic KRASG12D signalling, thus retarding both tumour initiation and progression. Our data suggest that loss of either DUSP5 or DUSP6, as observed in certain human tumours, including the pancreas, could promote carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Kidger
- Stress Response Laboratory, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Mark K Saville
- Stress Response Laboratory, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Linda K Rushworth
- Stress Response Laboratory, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Jane Davidson
- Stress Response Laboratory, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Julia Stellzig
- Stress Response Laboratory, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Motoharu Ono
- Stress Response Laboratory, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Ludwig A Kuebelsbeck
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Holzmann
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Christopher J Caunt
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Stephen M Keyse
- Stress Response Laboratory, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
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16
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Barlian A, Saputri DHA, Hernando A, Khoirinaya C, Prajatelistia E, Tanoto H. Spidroin striped micropattern promotes chondrogenic differentiation of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4837. [PMID: 35319008 PMCID: PMC8941093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage tissue engineering, particularly micropattern, can influence the biophysical properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) leading to chondrogenesis. In this research, human Wharton’s jelly MSCs (hWJ-MSCs) were grown on a striped micropattern containing spider silk protein (spidroin) from Argiope appensa. This research aims to direct hWJ-MSCs chondrogenesis using micropattern made of spidroin bioink as opposed to fibronectin that often used as the gold standard. Cells were cultured on striped micropattern of 500 µm and 1000 µm width sizes without chondrogenic differentiation medium for 21 days. The immunocytochemistry result showed that spidroin contains RGD sequences and facilitates cell adhesion via integrin β1. Chondrogenesis was observed through the expression of glycosaminoglycan, type II collagen, and SOX9. The result on glycosaminoglycan content proved that 1000 µm was the optimal width to support chondrogenesis. Spidroin micropattern induced significantly higher expression of SOX9 mRNA on day-21 and SOX9 protein was located inside the nucleus starting from day-7. COL2A1 mRNA of spidroin micropattern groups was downregulated on day-21 and collagen type II protein was detected starting from day-14. These results showed that spidroin micropattern enhances chondrogenic markers while maintains long-term upregulation of SOX9, and therefore has the potential as a new method for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anggraini Barlian
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia. .,Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia.
| | - Dinda Hani'ah Arum Saputri
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Adriel Hernando
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Candrani Khoirinaya
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Ekavianty Prajatelistia
- Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Hutomo Tanoto
- Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
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17
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Chiang J, Li X, Jin H, Wu G, Lin T, Ellison DW. The molecular characteristics of low-grade and high-grade areas in desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma/ganglioglioma. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12801. [PMID: 35191090 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Desmoplastic infantile astrocytomas and gangliogliomas (DIA/DIGs) are rare brain tumours of infancy. A distinctive feature of their histopathology is a combination of low-grade and high-grade features. Most DIA/DIGs can be surgically resected and have a good prognosis. However, high-grade features often dominate recurrent tumours, some of which have a poor outcome. In this study, we test the hypothesis that low-grade and high-grade areas in DIA/DIGs have distinct molecular characteristics. METHODS Tissue samples from microdissected low-grade and high-grade areas in 12 DIA/DIGs were analysed by DNA methylation profiling, whole exome sequencing, RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry to search for potential differences at multiple molecular levels. RESULTS Copy number variants among tumours and between the two morphologically distinct areas were infrequent. No recurrent genetic alterations were identified across the tumour series, and high-grade areas did not have additional genetic alterations to explain their distinct morphology or biological behaviour. However, high-grade areas showed relative hypomethylation in genes downstream of the transcription factors SOX9 and LEF1 and evidence of a core SOX9 transcription network alongside activation of the BMP, WNT, and MAPK signalling pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to our knowledge of molecular genetic alterations in DIA/DIGs, uncovers molecular differences between the two distinct cell populations in these tumours, and suggests potential therapeutic targets among the more proliferative cell population in DIA/DIGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Chiang
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hongjian Jin
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David W Ellison
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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18
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Sun Z, Xu X, Lv Z, Li J, Shi T, Sun H, Sun K, Tan G, Yan W, Yang YX, Wu R, Xu J, Guo H, Jiang Q, Shi D. Intraarticular injection of SHP2 inhibitor SHP099 promotes the repair of rabbit full-thickness cartilage defect. J Orthop Translat 2022; 32:112-120. [PMID: 35228993 PMCID: PMC8857578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cartilage repair has been a challenge in the field of orthopaedics for decades, highlighting the significance of investigating potential therapeutic drugs. In this study, we explored the effect of the SHP2 inhibitor SHP099, a small-molecule drug, on cartilage repair. Methods Human synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) were isolated, and their three-way differentiation potential was examined. After treatment with chondrogenic medium, the chondrogenic effect of SHP099 on SMSCs was examined by western blot, qPCR, and immunofluorescence (IF). Micro-mass culture was also used to detect the effect of SHP099. To explore the chondrogenic effects of SHP099 in vivo, full-thickness cartilage defects with microfractures were constructed in the right femoral trochlea of New Zealand White rabbits. Intraarticular injection of SHP099 or normal saline was performed twice a week for 6 weeks. Cartilage repair was evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and safranin O/fast green staining. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for collagen II (COL2) was also conducted to verify the abundance of cartilage extracellular matrix after SHP099 treatment. The mechanism involving yes-associated protein (YAP) and WNT signalling was investigated in vitro. Results SMSCs isolated from human synovium have optimal multi-differentiation potential. SHP099 increased chondrogenic marker (SOX9, COL2) expression and decreased hypertrophic marker (COL10, RUNX2) expression in SMSCs. In micro-mass culture, the SHP099-induced cartilage tissues had a better result of Safranin O and Toluidine blue staining and are enriched in cartilage-specific collagen II. Inhibition of YAP and WNT signalling was also observed. Moreover, compared to the normal saline group at 6 weeks, intraarticular injection of SHP099 resulted in better defect filling, forming increased hyaline cartilage-like tissue with higher levels of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and COL2. Conclusion SHP099 promotes the repair of rabbit full-thickness cartilage defects, representing a potential therapeutic drug for cartilage repair. The Translational potential of this article This study provides evidence that SHP2 inhibition promotes chondrogenesis and the repair of cartilage in defect area, which could be a novel therapeutic approach for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xingquan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhongyang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jiawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tianshu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Heng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Kuoyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guihua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wenqiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yannick Xiaofan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Drum Tower of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Drum Tower of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dongquan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
- Corresponding author. Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Yamaguchi H, Kitami M, Uchima Koecklin KH, He L, Wang J, Lagor WR, Perrien DS, Komatsu Y. Temporospatial regulation of intraflagellar transport is required for the endochondral ossification in mice. Dev Biol 2021; 482:91-100. [PMID: 34929174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ciliogenic components, such as the family of intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins, are recognized to play key roles in endochondral ossification, a critical process to form most bones. However, the unique functions and roles of each IFT during endochondral ossification remain unclear. Here, we show that IFT20 is required for endochondral ossification in mice. Utilizing osteo-chondrocyte lineage-specific Cre mice (Prx1-Cre and Col2-Cre), we deleted Ift20 to examine its function. Although chondrocyte-specific Ift20 deletion with Col2-Cre mice did not cause any overt skeletal defects, mesoderm-specific Ift20 deletion using Prx1-Cre (Ift20:Prx1-Cre) mice resulted in shortened limb outgrowth. Primary cilia were absent on chondrocytes of Ift20:Prx1-Cre mice, and ciliary-mediated Hedgehog signaling was attenuated in Ift20:Prx1-Cre mice. Interestingly, loss of Ift20 also increased Fgf18 expression in the perichondrium that sustained Sox9 expression, thus preventing endochondral ossification. Inhibition of enhanced phospho-ERK1/2 activation partially rescued defective chondrogenesis in Ift20 mutant cells, supporting an important role for FGF signaling. Our findings demonstrate that IFT20 is a critical regulator of temporospatial FGF signaling that is required for endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Megumi Kitami
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Li He
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William R Lagor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daniel S Perrien
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30232, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Komatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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20
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Liu X, Qian F, Fan Q, Lin L, He M, Li P, Cai H, Ma L, Cheng X, Yang X. NF-κB activation impedes the transdifferentiation of hypertrophic chondrocytes at the growth plate of mouse embryos in diabetic pregnancy. J Orthop Translat 2021; 31:52-61. [PMID: 34934622 PMCID: PMC8648796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus could cause numerous complications and health problems including abnormality of endochondral bone formation during embryogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms still remain obscure. METHODS Streptozotoci (STZ) was injected to induce pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) mouse model. The femurs of E18.5 mouse embryos from control and PGDM groups were harvested. Morphological staining was implemented to determine the abnormality of the bone development. The expressions of the key genes participating in osteogenesis (e.g., Sox9, Runx2, and Osterix), the NF-κB signaling molecules (e.g., P50, P65, IκBα), and the corresponding regulatory factors (e.g., Bmp2, phospho-p38) were evaluated by immunofluorescence, quantitative PCR and western blot. Finally, in vitro chondrocyte differentiation model was employed to verify the role of NF-κB on the expressions of chondro-osteogenic markers. RESULTS Alcian blue/alizarin red double staining and H&E staining demonstrated the restriction of skeletal development and relatively extended hypertrophic zone at growth plate in E18.5 STZ-induced diabetic mouse embryos compared to the control. Immunofluorescent staining and qPCR showed that Sox9 expression increased, while Runx2 and Osterix expressions decreased in the growth plate of the offspring of PGDM mice. Immunofluorescence of P65 manifested the activation of NF-κB signaling in growth plate in PGDM mouse embryos. Furthermore, the relatively extended hypertrophic zone was also observed in the growth plate of the NF-κB-activated transgenic mice, as well as the activated p65 up-regulated the expression of Bmp2 and p-p38. In ATDC5 cells, we could observe the high glucose up-regulated the P50 and P65 expressions and down-regulated IκBα expression, but the high glucose-activated NF-κB signaling could be reversed by addition of Bay (inhibitor of NF-κB signaling). The expression changes of Bmp2, Sox9 and Runx2 in presence of high glucose were resumed too. CONCLUSION Our data revealed that NF-κB signaling was involved in mediation effects of dysfunctional trans-differentiation of hypertrophic chondrocytes in the embryonic growth plate induced by maternal diabetic mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Fan Qian
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qiwei Fan
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Li Lin
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Meiyao He
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Peizhi Li
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hongmei Cai
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lisha Ma
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Wnt-Dependent Activation of ERK Mediates Repression of Chondrocyte Fate during Calvarial Development. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9030023. [PMID: 34199092 PMCID: PMC8293402 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling regulates cell fate decisions in diverse contexts during development, and loss of Wnt signaling in the cranial mesenchyme results in a robust and binary cell fate switch from cranial bone to ectopic cartilage. The Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and Wnt signaling pathways are activated during calvarial osteoblast cell fate selection. Here, we test the hypothesis that ERK signaling is a mediator of Wnt-dependent cell fate decisions in the cranial mesenchyme. First, we show that loss of Erk1/2 in the cranial mesenchyme results in a diminished domain of osteoblast marker expression and increased expression of cartilage fate markers and ectopic cartilage formation in the frontal bone primordia. Second, we show that mesenchyme Wnt/β-catenin signaling and Wntless are required for ERK activation in calvarial osteoblasts. Third, we demonstrate that Wnt and ERK signaling pathways function together to repress SOX9 expression in mouse cranial mesenchyme. Our results demonstrate an interaction between the Wnt and ERK signaling pathways in regulating lineage selection in a subset of calvarial cells and provide new insights into Wnt-dependent cell fate decisions.
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22
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Characteristics and possible mechanisms of 46, XY differences in sex development caused by novel compound variants in NR5A1 and MAP3K1. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:268. [PMID: 34112222 PMCID: PMC8194036 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dozens of genes are involved in 46, XY differences in sex development (DSD). Notably, about 3/4 of patients cannot make a clear etiology diagnosis and single gene variant identified cannot fully explain the clinical heterogeneity of 46, XY DSD. Materials and methods We conducted a systematic clinical analysis of a 46, XY DSD patient, and applied whole-exome sequencing for the genetic analysis of this pedigree. The identified variants were analyzed by bioinformatic analysis and in vitro studies were performed in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK-293T) cells which were transiently transfected with wild type or variant NR5A1 and MAP3K1 plasmid. Furthermore, protein production of SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) was analyzed in cell lysates. Results A novel NR5A1 variant (c.929A > C, p. His310Pro) and a rare MAP3K1 variant (c.2282T > C, p. Ile761Thr) were identified in the proband, whereas the proband's mother and sister who only carry rare MAP3K1 variant have remained phenotypically healthy to the present. These two variants were predicted to be pathogenic by bioinformatic analysis. In vitro, NR5A1 variant decreased the SOX9 production by 82.11% compared to wild type NR5A1, while MAP3K1 variant had little effect on the SOX9 production compared to wild type MAP3K1. Compared to wild type NR5A1 transfection, the SOX9 production of cells transfected with both wild type plasmids decreased by about 17.40%. Compared to variant NR5A1 transfection, the SOX9 production of cells transfected with both variant plasmids increased by the 36.64%. Conclusions Our findings suggested the novel compound variants of NR5A1 and MAP3K1 can alter the expression of SOX9 and ultimately lead to abnormality of sex development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-01908-z.
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23
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Chen H, Tan XN, Hu S, Liu RQ, Peng LH, Li YM, Wu P. Molecular Mechanisms of Chondrocyte Proliferation and Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664168. [PMID: 34124045 PMCID: PMC8194090 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.664168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage is a kind of connective tissue that buffers pressure and is essential to protect joint movement. It is difficult to self-recover once cartilage is damaged due to the lack of blood vessels, lymph, and nerve tissues. Repair of cartilage injury is mainly achieved by stimulating chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. Cartilage homeostasis involves the regulation of multiple growth factors and the transduction of cellular signals. It is a very complicated process that has not been elucidated in detail. In this review, we summarized a variety of signaling molecules related to chondrocytes function. Especially, we described the correlation between chondrocyte-specific regulatory factors and cell signaling molecules. It has potential significance for guiding the treatment of cartilage injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine & Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Tan
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine & Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shi Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China.,Center for Bionic Sensing and Intelligence, Institute of Bio-medical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ren-Qin Liu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine & Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Li-Hong Peng
- School of Computer, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yong-Min Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine & Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine & Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
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24
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Mares L, Ramos L. Harderian SOX9: Molecular characterization and its dimorphic expression in hamster. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 258:110981. [PMID: 34000431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The molecular action of SOX9 can promote lipogenesis. Because the hamster Harderian gland (HG) synthesizes lipids and exhibits sexual dimorphism, this study aimed to identify and characterize Harderian SOX9. We examined the tissue distribution and expression profiles of SOX9 in hamster Mesocricetus auratus HGs. The full-length SOX9 cDNA sequence [3649-base pairs (bp)] contains an 81-bp 5' untranslated region (UTR), a 3' UTR of 2044-bp, an open reading frame (ORF) of 1524-bp, and a polyadenylation signal (AATAAA) at 19-bp upstream of poly(A) tail. The cDNA encodes a 507 amino acid protein containing the potential DNA-binding domain known as the HMG box. BLAST analysis revealed 99%, 99%, and 97% identity with the SOX9 of mouse, rat, and human, respectively. High expression levels were also observed in the testis, cerebellum, and hypothalamus. qPCR analysis demonstrated that SOX9 is expressed more abundantly in the HGs of males than in females. Sexually dimorphic expression of SOX9 suggests that differential expression between male and female HGs could be under the regulation of sex steroids. SOX9 might play a similar role in regulating exocrine secretions of lipids; these could occur downstream of FGF signaling - as found during embryogenesis - and/or androgen signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mares
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - L Ramos
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico.
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25
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Dissecting FGF Signalling to Target Cellular Crosstalk in Pancreatic Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040847. [PMID: 33918004 PMCID: PMC8068358 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis with a 5 year survival rate of less than 8%, and is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. Alongside late detection, which impacts upon surgical treatment, PDAC tumours are challenging to treat due to their desmoplastic stroma and hypovascular nature, which limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), which form a key part of this stroma, become activated in response to tumour development, entering into cross-talk with cancer cells to induce tumour cell proliferation and invasion, leading to metastatic spread. We and others have shown that Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) signalling can play a critical role in the interactions between PDAC cells and the tumour microenvironment, but it is clear that the FGFR signalling pathway is not acting in isolation. Here we describe our current understanding of the mechanisms by which FGFR signalling contributes to PDAC progression, focusing on its interaction with other pathways in signalling networks and discussing the therapeutic approaches that are being developed to try and improve prognosis for this terrible disease.
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26
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Articular Chondrocyte Phenotype Regulation through the Cytoskeleton and the Signaling Processes That Originate from or Converge on the Cytoskeleton: Towards a Novel Understanding of the Intersection between Actin Dynamics and Chondrogenic Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063279. [PMID: 33807043 PMCID: PMC8004672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have assembled a complex picture, in which extracellular stimuli and intracellular signaling pathways modulate the chondrocyte phenotype. Because many diseases are mechanobiology-related, this review asked to what extent phenotype regulators control chondrocyte function through the cytoskeleton and cytoskeleton-regulating signaling processes. Such information would generate leverage for advanced articular cartilage repair. Serial passaging, pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling (TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8), growth factors (TGF-α), and osteoarthritis not only induce dedifferentiation but also converge on RhoA/ROCK/Rac1/mDia1/mDia2/Cdc42 to promote actin polymerization/crosslinking for stress fiber (SF) formation. SF formation takes center stage in phenotype control, as both SF formation and SOX9 phosphorylation for COL2 expression are ROCK activity-dependent. Explaining how it is molecularly possible that dedifferentiation induces low COL2 expression but high SF formation, this review theorized that, in chondrocyte SOX9, phosphorylation by ROCK might effectively be sidelined in favor of other SF-promoting ROCK substrates, based on a differential ROCK affinity. In turn, actin depolymerization for redifferentiation would “free-up” ROCK to increase COL2 expression. Moreover, the actin cytoskeleton regulates COL1 expression, modulates COL2/aggrecan fragment generation, and mediates a fibrogenic/catabolic expression profile, highlighting that actin dynamics-regulating processes decisively control the chondrocyte phenotype. This suggests modulating the balance between actin polymerization/depolymerization for therapeutically controlling the chondrocyte phenotype.
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27
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Novel compound variants of the AR and MAP3K1 genes are related to the clinical heterogeneity of androgen insensitivity syndrome. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222776. [PMID: 32338288 PMCID: PMC7953519 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS; OMIM 300068) is the most frequent cause of 46, XY disorders of sex development (DSD). However, the correlation between genotype and phenotype has not been determined. We conducted a systematic analysis of the clinical characteristics, hormone levels, ultrasonography data and histopathology of a 46, XY Chinese patient with AIS. The family was followed up for nearly 8 years. We applied whole-exome sequencing (WES) for genetic analysis of the pedigree and performed bioinformatic analysis of the identified variants. Human embryonic kidney 293T/17 (HEK293T/17) cells were transiently transfected with wild-type or mutant AR and MAP3K1 plasmid. Cell lysates were used to analyze androgen receptor (AR) production. A novel hemizygous AR variant (c.2070C>A, p. His690Glu) and a rare heterozygous MAP3K1 variant (c.778C>T, p. Arg260Cys) were identified by WES in the proband and her mother. Bioinformatic analysis predicted these two variants to be pathogenic. Multiple amino acid sequence alignments showed that p. His690 and p. Arg260 are conserved among various species. His690Glu is a mutation that decreased the AR production, whereas the Arg260Cys mutation increased the AR production. The novel compound variants of the AR and MAP3K1 genes also increased the production of AR protein. Thus, the phenotype of the patient may be caused by defects in both the AR and MAP3K1 signaling pathways. Compound variants of the AR and MAP3K1 genes resulted in a specific phenotype in this patient with AIS. WES might reveal genetic variants that explain the heterogeneity of AIS.
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Castellanos BS, Reyes-Nava NG, Quintana AM. Knockdown of hspg2 is associated with abnormal mandibular joint formation and neural crest cell dysfunction in zebrafish. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2021; 21:7. [PMID: 33678174 PMCID: PMC7938484 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-021-00238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2) encodes for perlecan, a large proteoglycan that plays an important role in cartilage formation, cell adhesion, and basement membrane stability. Mutations in HSPG2 have been associated with Schwartz-Jampel Syndrome (SJS) and Dyssegmental Dysplasia Silverman-Handmaker Type (DDSH), two disorders characterized by skeletal abnormalities. These data indicate a function for HSPG2 in cartilage development/maintenance. However, the mechanisms in which HSPG2 regulates cartilage development are not completely understood. Here, we explored the relationship between this gene and craniofacial development through morpholino-mediated knockdown of hspg2 using zebrafish. RESULTS Knockdown of hspg2 resulted in abnormal development of the mandibular jaw joint at 5 days post fertilization (DPF). We surmised that defects in mandible development were a consequence of neural crest cell (NCC) dysfunction, as these multipotent progenitors produce the cartilage of the head. Early NCC development was normal in morphant animals as measured by distal-less homeobox 2a (dlx2a) and SRY-box transcription factor 10 (sox10) expression at 1 DPF. However, subsequent analysis at later stages of development (4 DPF) revealed a decrease in the number of Sox10 + and Collagen, type II, alpha 1a (Col2a1a)+ cells within the mandibular jaw joint region of morphants relative to random control injected embryos. Concurrently, morphants showed a decreased expression of nkx3.2, a marker of jaw joint formation, at 4 DPF. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data suggest a complex role for hspg2 in jaw joint formation and late stage NCC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nayeli G. Reyes-Nava
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA
| | - Anita M. Quintana
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA
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29
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Shneider BL, Cortes-Santiago N, Schady DA, Krishnamoorthy S, Thevananther S, Rajapakshe K, Perera D, Huang S, Coarfa C. Constitutive activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1) in ileal enterocytes leads to dysplasia and a predisposition to cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G366-G379. [PMID: 33470189 PMCID: PMC8202241 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00065.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) is a key factor in the pathogenesis of cancer, although the specific role of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1) is not well understood. Villin promoter-driven Cre expression was used to excise a floxed stop cassette from a phosphomimetically constitutively activated MEK1 (caMEK1) expression construct in the intestine of C57BL/6 mice. Zygosity status of caMEK1 afforded assessment of the dose dependence of the effect. The expected mendelian distribution of genotypes and sex was observed in 443 progenies. Between 21 and 63 days of life, caMEK1 had no effect on body weight in male mice, but reduced body weight in female mice homozygous for caMEK1. At 10 wk of age, the ileum of caMEK1-expressing mice was characterized by the finding of dysplasia and profound changes in overall architecture. Paneth cells were nearly absent in caMEK1 homozygotes. Targeted proteomic profiling via reverse phase protein array analyses with confirmatory Western blotting revealed significant changes in protein and phosphoprotein expression, including upregulation of proteins downstream of MEK1, associated with enhanced markers of proliferation, diminished apoptosis, alterations in cell-fate determination, cell-cell interactions, and tight junctions. Long-term viability of caMEK1 homozygous mice was reduced with no survival beyond 1 yr. Invasive adenocarcinoma developed in three of ten older mice [15 wk (homozygous), 26 wk (homozygous), and 35 wk (heterozygous) of age]. Expression of caMEK1 in enterocytes leads to marked derangements in the intestinal epithelium, which is associated with a predisposition to the development of invasive cancer.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The ileum of mice with constitutive expression of activated MEK1 (via phosphomimetic changes) in enterocytes is markedly abnormal with architectural distortion and cytologic atypia, which evolves into an adenoma invasive carcinoma sequence. Phosphoproteomic analysis reveals upregulation of proteins downstream of MEK1, associated with enhanced markers of proliferation, diminished apoptosis, alterations in cell-fate determination, cell-cell interactions, and tight junctions. This novel model provides new insights into intestinal homeostasis and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Shneider
- 1Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Deborah A. Schady
- 2Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Swapna Krishnamoorthy
- 1Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sundararajah Thevananther
- 1Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- 3Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dimuthu Perera
- 3Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shixia Huang
- 3Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- 3Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Houston, Texas,4Center for Prevention and Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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30
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Ataei A, Poorebrahim M, Rajabpour A, Rizvanov A, Shahriar Arab S. Topological Analysis of Regulatory Networks Reveals Functionally Key Genes and miRNAs Involved in the Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 19:e2565. [PMID: 34179189 PMCID: PMC8217530 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2021.2565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The details of molecular mechanisms underlying the differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) into specific lineages are not well understood. Objectives We aimed to construct the interactome network and topology analysis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell of CAGE data. Applying the enrichment results, we wanted to introduce the common genes and hub-microRNA and hub-genes of these giant network. Materials and Methods In this study, we constructed gene regulatory networks for each non-mesenchymal cell lineage according to their gene expression profiles obtained from FANTOM5 database. The putative interactions of TF-gene and protein-protein were determined using TRED, STRING, HPRD and GeneMANIA servers. In parallel, a regulatory network including corresponding miRNAs and total differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was constructed for each cell lineage. Results The results indicated that analysis of networks' topology can significantly distinguish the hub regulatory genes and miRNAs involved in the differentiation of MSCs. The functional annotation of identified hub genes and miRNAs revealed that several signal transduction pathways i.e. AKT, WNT and TGFβ and cell proliferation related pathways play a pivotal role in the regulation of MSCs differentiation. We also classified cell lineages into two groups based on their predicted miRNA profiles. Conclusions In conclusion, we found a number of hub genes and miRNAs which seem to have key regulatory functions during differentiation of MSCs. Our results also introduce a number of new regulatory genes and miRNAs which can be considered as the new candidates for genetic manipulation of MSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atousa Ataei
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Equal contribution
| | - Mansour Poorebrahim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Equal contribution
| | - Azam Rajabpour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Seyed Shahriar Arab
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Sumarta NPM, Kamadjaja DB, Hendrijantini N, Danudiningrat CP, Rantam FA. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Over Platelet Rich Fibrin Scaffold for Mandibular Cartilage Defects Regenerative Medicine. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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32
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Promoting Effect of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Cartilage Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010300. [PMID: 33396695 PMCID: PMC7796036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial mesenchymal stem cell (SMSC) is the promising cell source of cartilage regeneration but has several issues to overcome such as limited cell proliferation and heterogeneity of cartilage regeneration ability. Previous reports demonstrated that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) can promote proliferation and cartilage differentiation potential of MSCs in vitro, although no reports show its beneficial effect in vivo. The purpose of this study is to investigate the promoting effect of bFGF on cartilage regeneration using human SMSC in vivo. SMSCs were cultured with or without bFGF in a growth medium, and 2 × 105 cells were aggregated to form a synovial pellet. Synovial pellets were implanted into osteochondral defects induced in the femoral trochlea of severe combined immunodeficient mice, and histological evaluation was performed after eight weeks. The presence of implanted SMSCs was confirmed by the observation of human vimentin immunostaining-positive cells. Interestingly, broad lacunae structures and cartilage substrate stained by Safranin-O were observed only in the bFGF (+) group. The bFGF (+) group had significantly higher O’Driscoll scores in the cartilage repair than the bFGF (−) group. The addition of bFGF to SMSC growth culture may be a useful treatment option to promote cartilage regeneration in vivo.
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33
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Gonçalves D, Rignol G, Dellugat P, Hartmann G, Sarrazy Garcia S, Stavenhagen J, Santarelli L, Gouze E, Czech C. In vitro and in vivo characterization of Recifercept, a soluble fibroblast growth factor receptor 3, as treatment for achondroplasia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244368. [PMID: 33370388 PMCID: PMC7769458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Achondroplasia is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the Fibroblast Growth Factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). These mutations lead to aberrant increase of inhibitory signaling in proliferating chondrocytes at the growth plate. Recifercept is a potential treatment for this disease using a decoy approach to sequester FGFR3 ligands subsequently normalizing activation of the mutated FGFR3 receptor. Recifercept binds to FGF isoforms in vitro and in cellular model systems and reduces FGFR3 signaling. In addition, in a transgenic mouse model of achondroplasia, Recifercept restores reduced body weight and long bone growth in these mice. These data suggest that Recifercept treatment could lead to clinical benefits in children treated with this molecule.
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MESH Headings
- Achondroplasia/drug therapy
- Achondroplasia/genetics
- Achondroplasia/metabolism
- Animals
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Bone Development/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Line
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/administration & dosage
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Gonçalves
- Research and Development, Rare Disease Unit, Pfizer, Nice, France
| | - Guylène Rignol
- Research and Development, Rare Disease Unit, Pfizer, Nice, France
| | - Pierre Dellugat
- Research and Development, Rare Disease Unit, Pfizer, Nice, France
| | - Guido Hartmann
- Research and Development, Rare Disease Unit, Pfizer, Nice, France
- TOLREMO Therapeutics AG, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Elvire Gouze
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Christian Czech
- Research and Development, Rare Disease Unit, Pfizer, Nice, France
- * E-mail:
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34
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Role of the fibroblast growth factor 19 in the skeletal system. Life Sci 2020; 265:118804. [PMID: 33245964 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor family (FGFs) is a kind of cytokine that plays an important role in growth, development, metabolism and disease. During bone development, multiple FGFs and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) play important roles. Previous reports have elucidated the great importance of FGF1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 18 in bone development, and FGF21 and 23 in bone homeostasis and bone regulation. FGF19 was initially found in the human foetal brain, and its gene location is related to osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome. Presently, gene chip detection has repeatedly found that FGF19 shows spatiotemporal specificity of gene expression in bone development and bone-related diseases, as well as differences in the protein level, indicating that FGF19 affects the skeletal system. Considering the current insufficient understanding of FGF19 and its potential function in the skeletal system, this review aims to introduce the background of FGF19 in bone, summarise the research progress of FGF19 in the skeletal system, and discuss the role and therapeutic potential of FGF19 in bone development and bone-related diseases.
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35
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Yoshida T, Matsuda M, Hirashima T. Incoherent Feedforward Regulation via Sox9 and ERK Underpins Mouse Tracheal Cartilage Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:585640. [PMID: 33195234 PMCID: PMC7642454 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.585640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracheal cartilage provides architectural integrity to the respiratory airway, and defects in this structure during embryonic development cause severe congenital anomalies. Previous genetic studies have revealed genes that are critical for the development of tracheal cartilage. However, it is still unclear how crosstalk between these proteins regulates tracheal cartilage formation. Here we show a core regulatory network underlying murine tracheal chondrogenesis from embryonic day (E) 12.5 to E15.5, by combining volumetric imaging of fluorescence reporters, inhibitor assays, and mathematical modeling. We focused on SRY-box transcription factor 9 (Sox9) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the tracheal mesenchyme, and observed a synchronous, inverted U-shaped temporal change in both Sox9 expression and ERK activity with a peak at E14.5, whereas the expression level of downstream cartilage matrix genes, such as collagen II alpha 1 (Col2a1) and aggrecan (Agc1), monotonically increased. Inhibitor assays revealed that the ERK signaling pathway functions as an inhibitory regulator of tracheal cartilage differentiation during this period. These results suggest that expression of the cartilage matrix genes is controlled by an incoherent feedforward loop via Sox9 and ERK, which is supported by a mathematical model. Furthermore, the modeling analysis suggests that a Sox9-ERK incoherent feedforward regulation augments the robustness against the variation of upstream factors. The present study provides a better understanding of the regulatory network underlying the tracheal development and will be helpful for efficient induction of tracheal organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshida
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hirashima
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Bartoletti G, Dong C, Umar M, He F. Pdgfra regulates multipotent cell differentiation towards chondrocytes via inhibiting Wnt9a/beta-catenin pathway during chondrocranial cartilage development. Dev Biol 2020; 466:36-46. [PMID: 32800757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian skull is composed of the calvarial bones and cartilages. Malformation of craniofacial cartilage has been identified in multiple human syndromes. However, the mechanisms of their development remain largely unknown. In the present study, we identified Pdgfra as a novel player of chondrocranial cartilage development. Our data show that Pdgfra is required for normal chondrocranial cartilage development. Using tissue-specific genetic tools, we demonstrated that Pdgfra is essential for chondrocyte progenitors formation, but not in mature chondrocytes. Further analysis revealed that Pdgfra regulates chondrocytes progenitors development at two stages: in embryonic mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs), Pdgfra directs their differentiation toward chondrocyte progenitors; in chondrocytes progenitors, Pdgfra activation promotes cell proliferation. We also found that excessive Pdgfra activity causes ectopic cartilage formation. Our data show that Pdgfra directs eMSCs differentiation via inhibiting Wnt9a transcription and its downstream signaling, and activating Wnt signaling rescues ectopic cartilage phenotype caused by excessive Pdgfra activity. In summary, our study dissected the role of Pdgfra signaling in chondrocranial cartilage formation, and illustrated the underlying mechanisms at multiple stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Bartoletti
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Chunmin Dong
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Meenakshi Umar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Fenglei He
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
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Singh P, Lessard SG, Mukherjee P, Rourke B, Otero M. Changes in DNA methylation accompany changes in gene expression during chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation in vitro. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1490:42-56. [PMID: 32978775 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
During osteoarthritis (OA), articular chondrocytes undergo phenotypic changes that resemble developmental patterns characteristic of growth plate chondrocytes. These phenotypic alterations lead to a hypertrophy-like phenotype characterized by altered production of extracellular matrix constituents and increased collagenase activity, which, in turn, results in cartilage destruction in OA disease. Recent studies have shown that the phenotypic instability and dysregulated gene expression in OA are associated with changes in DNA methylation patterns. Subsequent efforts have aimed to identify changes in DNA methylation with functional impact in OA disease, to potentially uncover therapeutic targets. Here, we paired an in vitro 3D/pellet culture system that mimics chondrocyte hypertrophy with RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and enhanced reduced representation of bisulfite sequencing (ERRBS) to identify transcriptomic and epigenomic changes in murine primary articular chondrocytes undergoing hypertrophy-like differentiation. We identified hypertrophy-associated changes in DNA methylation patterns in vitro. Integration of RNA-Seq and ERRBS datasets identified associations between changes in methylation and gene expression. Our integrative analyses showed that hypertrophic differentiation of articular chondrocytes is accompanied by transcriptomic and epigenomic changes in vitro. We believe that our integrative approaches have the potential to uncover new targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purva Singh
- Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, HSS Research Institute, New York, New York
| | - Samantha G Lessard
- Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, HSS Research Institute, New York, New York
| | - Piali Mukherjee
- Epigenomics Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Brennan Rourke
- Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, HSS Research Institute, New York, New York
| | - Miguel Otero
- Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, HSS Research Institute, New York, New York
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38
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Luo Y, Wang AT, Zhang QF, Liu RM, Xiao JH. RASL11B gene enhances hyaluronic acid-mediated chondrogenic differentiation in human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells via the activation of Sox9/ERK/smad signals. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1708-1721. [PMID: 32878463 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220944375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms, whereby hyaluronic acid, a main extracellular matrix component of articular cartilage, promotes the chondrogenic differentiation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). Our previous findings indicated that hyaluronic acid combined with hAMSCs showed a marked therapeutic effect against rat osteoarthritis. In the present study, hyaluronic acid markedly enhanced the expression of chondrocyte-specific markers including Col2α1, Acan, and Sox9 in hAMSCs, with strong synergistic effects on chondrogenic differentiation, in combination with the commonly used inducer, transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3). Microarray analysis showed that Ras-like protein family member 11B (RASL11B) played a pivotal role in the process of hyaluronic acid-mediated chondrogenesis of hAMSCs. This directional differentiation was significantly inhibited by RASL11B knockdown, but RASL11B overexpression dramatically promoted the expression of Sox9, a master chondrogenesis transcriptional factor, at the levels of transcription and translation. Increased Sox9 expression subsequently resulted in high expression levels of Col2α1 and Acan and the accumulation of cartilage-specific matrix components, such as type 2 collagen and glycosaminoglycans. Moreover, we observed that RASL11B activated the signal molecules such as ERK1/2, and Smad2/3 in the presence of hyaluronic acid during TGF-β3-induced chondrogenesis of hAMSCs. Taken together, these findings suggest that hyaluronic acid activates the RASL11B gene to potentiate the chondrogenic differentiation of hAMSCs via the activation of Sox9 and ERK/Smad signaling, thus providing a new strategy for cartilage defect repairing by hyaluronic acid-based stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China.,Guizhou Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Ai-Tong Wang
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Qing-Fang Zhang
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Ru-Ming Liu
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China.,Guizhou Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Jian-Hui Xiao
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China.,Guizhou Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
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Rahmani Del Bakhshayesh A, Babaie S, Tayefi Nasrabadi H, Asadi N, Akbarzadeh A, Abedelahi A. An overview of various treatment strategies, especially tissue engineering for damaged articular cartilage. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 48:1089-1104. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1809439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azizeh Rahmani Del Bakhshayesh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soraya Babaie
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Tayefi Nasrabadi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nahideh Asadi
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Abedelahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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40
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Lukač N, Katavić V, Novak S, Šućur A, Filipović M, Kalajzić I, Grčević D, Kovačić N. What do we know about bone morphogenetic proteins and osteochondroprogenitors in inflammatory conditions? Bone 2020; 137:115403. [PMID: 32371019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondroprogenitors are crucial for embryonic bone development and postnatal processes such as bone repair in response to fracture injury, and their dysfunction may contribute to insufficient repair of structural damage in inflammatory arthritides. In the fracture healing, the early inflammatory phase is crucial for normal callus development and new bone formation. This process involves a complex interplay of many molecules and cell types, responsible for recruitment, expansion and differentiation of osteochondroprogenitor populations. In inflammatory arthritides, inflammation induces bone resorption and causes insufficient bone formation, which leads to local and systemic bone loss. While bone loss is a predominant feature in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation also induces pathologic bone formation at enthesial sites in seronegative spondyloarthropathies. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, and have fundamental roles in maintenance of postnatal bone homeostasis. They are crucial regulators of the osteochondroprogenitor pool and drive their proliferation, differentiation, and lifespan during bone regeneration. In this review, we summarize the effects of inflammation on osteochondroprogenitor populations during fracture repair and in inflammatory arthritides, with special focus on inflammation-mediated modulation of BMP signaling. We also present data in which we describe a population of murine synovial osteochondroprogenitor cells, which are reduced in arthritis, and characterize their expression of genes involved in regulation of bone homeostasis, emphasizing the up-regulation of BMP pathways in early progenitor subset. Based on the presented data, it may be concluded that during an inflammatory response, innate immune cells induce osteochondroprogenitors by providing signals for their recruitment, by producing BMPs and other osteogenic factors for paracrine effects, and by secreting inflammatory cytokines that may positively regulate osteogenic pathways. On the other hand, inflammatory cells may secrete cytokines that interfere with osteogenic pathways, proapoptotic factors that reduce the pool of osteochondroprogenitor cells, as well as BMP and Wnt antagonists. The net effect is strongly context-dependent and influenced by the local milieu of cells, cytokines, and growth factors. Further elucidation of the interplay between inflammatory signals and BMP-mediated bone formation may provide valuable tools for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Lukač
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Katavić
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Novak
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Alan Šućur
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maša Filipović
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Kalajzić
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Danka Grčević
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nataša Kovačić
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
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41
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Generation of a Quantitative Luciferase Reporter for Sox9 SUMOylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041274. [PMID: 32070068 PMCID: PMC7072981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sox9 is a master transcription factor for chondrogenesis, which is essential for chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance. Sox9 activity is regulated by multiple layers, including post-translational modifications, such as SUMOylation. A detection method for visualizing the SUMOylation in live cells is required to fully understand the role of Sox9 SUMOylation. In this study, we generated a quantitative reporter for Sox9 SUMOylation that is based on the NanoBiT system. The simultaneous expression of Sox9 and SUMO1 constructs that are conjugated with NanoBiT fragments in HEK293T cells induced luciferase activity in SUMOylation target residue of Sox9-dependent manner. Furthermore, the reporter signal could be detected from both cell lysates and live cells. The signal level of our reporter responded to the co-expression of SUMOylation or deSUMOylation enzymes by several fold, showing dynamic potency of the reporter. The reporter was active in multiple cell types, including ATDC5 cells, which have chondrogenic potential. Finally, using this reporter, we revealed a extracellular signal conditions that can increase the amount of SUMOylated Sox9. In summary, we generated a novel reporter that was capable of quantitatively visualizing the Sox9-SUMOylation level in live cells. This reporter will be useful for understanding the dynamism of Sox9 regulation during chondrogenesis.
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42
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Ray B, Maloney B, Sambamurti K, Karnati HK, Nelson PT, Greig NH, Lahiri DK. Rivastigmine modifies the α-secretase pathway and potentially early Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:47. [PMID: 32066688 PMCID: PMC7026402 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rivastigmine (or Exelon) is a cholinesterase inhibitor, currently used as a symptomatic treatment for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) generated from its precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase (or BACE1) and γ-secretase endoproteolysis. Alternative APP cleavage by α-secretase (a family of membrane-bound metalloproteases- Adamalysins) precludes the generation of toxic Aβ and yields a neuroprotective and neurotrophic secreted sAPPα fragment. Several signal transduction pathways, including protein kinase C and MAP kinase, stimulate α-secretase. We present data to suggest that rivastigmine, in addition to anticholinesterase activity, directs APP processing away from BACE1 and towards α-secretases. We treated rat neuronal PC12 cells and primary human brain (PHB) cultures with rivastigmine and the α-secretase inhibitor TAPI and assayed for levels of APP processing products and α-secretases. We subsequently treated 3×Tg (transgenic) mice with rivastigmine and harvested hippocampi to assay for levels of APP processing products. We also assayed postmortem human control, AD, and AD brains from subjects treated with rivastigmine for levels of APP metabolites. Rivastigmine dose-dependently promoted α-secretase activity by upregulating levels of ADAM-9, -10, and -17 α-secretases in PHB cultures. Co-treatment with TAPI eliminated rivastigmine-induced sAPPα elevation. Rivastigmine treatment elevated levels of sAPPα in 3×Tg mice. Consistent with these results, we also found elevated sAPPα in postmortem brain samples from AD patients treated with rivastigmine. Rivastigmine can modify the levels of several shedding proteins and directs APP processing toward the non-amyloidogenic pathway. This novel property of rivastigmine can be therapeutically exploited for disease-modifying intervention that goes beyond symptomatic treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balmiki Ray
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Bryan Maloney
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA ,grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Kumar Sambamurti
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425 SC USA
| | - Hanuma K. Karnati
- grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913National Institute on Aging, Drug Design and Development Section, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Peter T. Nelson
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913National Institute on Aging, Drug Design and Development Section, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Debomoy K. Lahiri
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA ,grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA ,grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
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43
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Mouse fibroblast growth factor 9 N143T mutation leads to wide chondrogenic condensation of long bones. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 153:215-223. [PMID: 32002646 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01844-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Long bones of the appendicular skeleton are formed through endochondral ossification. Endochondral bone formation initiates with mesenchymal condensation, followed by the formation of a cartilage template which is replaced by bone. Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) regulates bone development. Fgf9-/- mice exhibit disproportionate shortening of proximal skeletal elements. Fgf9 missense mutations in mice and humans induce joint synostosis. Thus, FGF9 is critical for regulating bone length and joint formation. Conversely, mechanisms regulating bone width remain unclear. Here, we showed that the homozygous elbow knee synostosis (Eks) mutant mice harboring N143T mutation in Fgf9 have wide long bones at birth. We investigated the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the widened prospective humerus in Fgf9Eks/Eks embryos. Increased and expanded FGF signaling in concert with wider expression domain of Fgf receptor 3 (Fgfr3) during chondrogenic condensation of the humerus led to widened cartilage, which resulted in the formation of wider prospective humeri in neonatal Fgf9Eks/Eks mice. Increased and expanded FGF signaling during chondrogenic condensation led to increased density of chondrocytes of the humeri accompanied by increased proliferation of chondrocytes which express inappropriately higher levels of cyclin D1 in Fgf9Eks/Eks embryos. The results suggest that FGF9 regulates the width of prospective long bones by controlling the width of chondrogenic condensation.
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44
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Sahu N, Budhiraja G, Subramanian A. Preconditioning of mesenchymal stromal cells with low-intensity ultrasound: influence on chondrogenesis and directed SOX9 signaling pathways. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:6. [PMID: 31900222 PMCID: PMC6942392 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Continuous low-intensity ultrasound (cLIUS) facilitates the chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the absence of exogenously added transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) by upregulating the expression of transcription factor SOX9, a master regulator of chondrogenesis. The present study evaluated the molecular events associated with the signaling pathways impacting SOX9 gene and protein expression under cLIUS. Methods Human bone marrow-derived MSCs were exposed to cLIUS stimulation at 14 kPa (5 MHz, 2.5 Vpp) for 5 min. The gene and protein expression of SOX9 was evaluated. The specificity of SOX9 upregulation under cLIUS was determined by treating the MSCs with small molecule inhibitors of select signaling molecules, followed by cLIUS treatment. Signaling events regulating SOX9 expression under cLIUS were analyzed by gene expression, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting. Results cLIUS upregulated the gene expression of SOX9 and enhanced the nuclear localization of SOX9 protein when compared to non-cLIUS-stimulated control. cLIUS was noted to enhance the phosphorylation of the signaling molecule ERK1/2. Inhibition of MEK/ERK1/2 by PD98059 resulted in the effective abrogation of cLIUS-induced SOX9 expression, indicating that cLIUS-induced SOX9 upregulation was dependent on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Inhibition of integrin and TRPV4, the upstream cell-surface effectors of ERK1/2, did not inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and therefore did not abrogate cLIUS-induced SOX9 expression, thereby suggesting the involvement of other mechanoreceptors. Consequently, the effect of cLIUS on the actin cytoskeleton, a mechanosensitive receptor regulating SOX9, was evaluated. Diffused and disrupted actin fibers observed in MSCs under cLIUS closely resembled actin disruption by treatment with cytoskeletal drug Y27632, which is known to increase the gene expression of SOX9. The upregulation of SOX9 under cLIUS was, therefore, related to cLIUS-induced actin reorganization. SOX9 upregulation induced by actin reorganization was also found to be dependent on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Conclusions Collectively, preconditioning of MSCs by cLIUS resulted in the nuclear localization of SOX9, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and disruption of actin filaments, and the expression of SOX9 was dependent on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 under cLIUS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1532-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neety Sahu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0643, USA.,Present Address: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, 94304, USA
| | - Gaurav Budhiraja
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0643, USA
| | - Anuradha Subramanian
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA.
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45
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Rodríguez Gutiérrez D, Biason-Lauber A. Pluripotent Cell Models for Gonadal Research. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215495. [PMID: 31690065 PMCID: PMC6862629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex development is a complex process involving many genes and hormones. Defects in this process lead to Differences of Sex Development (DSD), a group of heterogeneous conditions not as rare as previously thought. Part of the obstacles in proper management of these patients is due to an incomplete understanding of the genetics programs and molecular pathways involved in sex development and DSD. Several challenges delay progress and the lack of a proper model system for the single patient severely hinders advances in understanding these diseases. The revolutionary techniques of cellular reprogramming and guided in vitro differentiation allow us now to exploit the versatility of induced pluripotent stem cells to create alternatives models for DSD, ideally on a patient-specific personalized basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rodríguez Gutiérrez
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Biason-Lauber
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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46
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Han U, Hwang JH, Lee JM, Kim H, Jung HS, Hong JH, Hong J. Transmission and regulation of biochemical stimulus via a nanoshell directly adsorbed on the cell membrane to enhance chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:184-193. [PMID: 31560128 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A nanoscale artificial extracellular matrix (nanoshell) formed by layer-by-layer adsorption can enhance and modulate the function of stem cells by transferring biochemical stimulus to the cell directly. Here, the nanoshell composed of fibronectin (FN) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) is demonstrated to promote chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The multilayer structure of nanoshell is formed by repeating self-assembly of FN and CS, and its thickness can be controlled through the number of layers. The expression of chondrogenic markers in MSCs coated with the FN/CS nanoshell was increased as the number of bilayers in the nanoshell increased until four, but when it exceeds five bilayers, the effect began to decrease. Finally, the MSCs coated with optimized four bilayers of FN/CS nanoshell have high chondrogenic differentiation efficiency and showed the potential to increase formation of cartilage tissue when it is transplanted into mouse kidney. So, the precise regulation of stem cell fate at single cell level can be possible through the cellular surface modification by self-assembled polymeric film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uiyoung Han
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ha Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Department of Oral Biology, Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeoni Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Department of Oral Biology, Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkee Hong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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47
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Hines EA, Jones MKN, Harvey JF, Perlyn C, Ornitz DM, Sun X, Verheyden JM. Crouzon syndrome mouse model exhibits cartilage hyperproliferation and defective segmentation in the developing trachea. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1375-1380. [PMID: 31463736 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Crouzon syndrome is the result of a gain-of-function point mutation in FGFR2. Mimicking the human mutation, a mouse model of Crouzon syndrome (Fgfr2342Y) recapitulates patient deformities, including failed tracheal cartilage segmentation, resulting in a cartilaginous sleeve in the homozygous mutants. We found that the Fgfr2C342Y/C342Y mutants exhibited an increase in chondrocytes prior to segmentation. This increase is due at least in part to over proliferation. Genetic ablation of chondrocytes in the mutant led to restoration of segmentation in the lateral but not central portion of the trachea. These results suggest that in the Fgfr2C342Y/C342Y mutants, increased cartilage cell proliferation precedes and contributes to the disruption of cartilage segmentation in the developing trachea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Hines
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Mary-Kayt N Jones
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Julie F Harvey
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Chad Perlyn
- Department of Surgery, Florida International University College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xin Sun
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Jamie M Verheyden
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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48
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Xue M, Wang X, Li C, Zhao M, He F, Li X. Novel pathogenic mutations in disorders of sex development associated genes cause 46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis. Gene 2019; 718:144072. [PMID: 31446095 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of sex development (DSDs) are congenital conditions in which chromosomal, gonadal and sex is atypical. It is difficult to diagnose and manage patients with DSD in clinical practice, and the molecular etiology of DSD is still not completely understood. Here, we identified two novel pathogenic mutations from three unrelated Chinese patients with 46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis (CGD) that is a clinical subgroup of DSD by whole exome sequencing. A novel mutation in the SRY gene (c.161delG) was identified in the first patient, and the second patient carried a novel missense mutation in the MAP3K1 gene (c.2117T>G). Bioinformatics analysis found that the deletion of SRY (c.161delG) led to a premature stop codon at amino acid 59 in the SRY protein, which resulted in lacking the DNA binding domain of SRY protein. Functional studies found that the missense mutation in the MAP3K1 gene (c.2117T>G) could interfere with the gene function through increasing the phosphorylation of the downstream targets of MAP3K1, ERK1/2 and p38, which resulted in reducing testis-determining factor SOX9 expression and increasing ovary-promoting factor β-catenin activity. According to the American college of medical genetics and genomics (ACMG) standards and guidelines, these mutations were categorized as "pathogenic" mutations. Thus, our findings provide two novel pathogenic mutations associated with 46,XY CGD that can improve the etiological diagnosis for 46,XY CGD. ABBREVIATIONS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xue
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cui Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minggang Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang He
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xu Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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49
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Woronowicz KC, Schneider RA. Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the evolution of form and function in the amniote jaw. EvoDevo 2019; 10:17. [PMID: 31417668 PMCID: PMC6691539 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-019-0131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The amniote jaw complex is a remarkable amalgamation of derivatives from distinct embryonic cell lineages. During development, the cells in these lineages experience concerted movements, migrations, and signaling interactions that take them from their initial origins to their final destinations and imbue their derivatives with aspects of form including their axial orientation, anatomical identity, size, and shape. Perturbations along the way can produce defects and disease, but also generate the variation necessary for jaw evolution and adaptation. We focus on molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate form in the amniote jaw complex, and that enable structural and functional integration. Special emphasis is placed on the role of cranial neural crest mesenchyme (NCM) during the species-specific patterning of bone, cartilage, tendon, muscle, and other jaw tissues. We also address the effects of biomechanical forces during jaw development and discuss ways in which certain molecular and cellular responses add adaptive and evolutionary plasticity to jaw morphology. Overall, we highlight how variation in molecular and cellular programs can promote the phenomenal diversity and functional morphology achieved during amniote jaw evolution or lead to the range of jaw defects and disease that affect the human condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Woronowicz
- 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S-1161, Box 0514, San Francisco, CA 94143-0514 USA.,2Present Address: Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Richard A Schneider
- 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S-1161, Box 0514, San Francisco, CA 94143-0514 USA
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50
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Guo H, Du X, Zhang Y, Wu J, Wang C, Li M, Hua X, Zhang XA, Yan J. Specific miRNA-G Protein-Coupled Receptor Networks Regulate Sox9a/Sox9b Activities to Promote Gonadal Rejuvenation in Zebrafish. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1189-1199. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.3040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Guo
- Department of Developmental Biology; Institute for Marine Biosystem and Neurosciences; People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlu Du
- Department of Developmental Biology; Institute for Marine Biosystem and Neurosciences; People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology; Institute for Marine Biosystem and Neurosciences; People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- Department of Developmental Biology; Institute for Marine Biosystem and Neurosciences; People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghui Wang
- Department of Aquaculture; Shanghai Ocean University; Lingang New City, Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyou Li
- Department of Developmental Biology; Institute for Marine Biosystem and Neurosciences; People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources; Ministry of Education; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xianxin Hua
- Department of Cancer Biology; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA
| | - Xin A. Zhang
- Stephenson Cancer Center and Department of Physiology; The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA
| | - Jizhou Yan
- Department of Developmental Biology; Institute for Marine Biosystem and Neurosciences; People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources; Ministry of Education; Shanghai People's Republic of China
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