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Alvarez-Herrera S, Rosel Vales M, Pérez-Sánchez G, Becerril-Villanueva E, Flores-Medina Y, Maldonado-García JL, Saracco-Alvarez R, Escamilla R, Pavón L. Risperidone Decreases Expression of Serotonin Receptor-2A (5-HT2A) and Serotonin Transporter (SERT) but Not Dopamine Receptors and Dopamine Transporter (DAT) in PBMCs from Patients with Schizophrenia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:167. [PMID: 38399382 PMCID: PMC10892557 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dopamine and serotonin receptors and transporters play an essential role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia; changes in their expression have been reported in neurons and leukocytes. Each antipsychotic induces a unique pattern in leukocyte function and phenotype. However, the use of polytherapy to treat schizophrenia makes it challenging to determine the specific effects of risperidone on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the expression of D3, D5, DAT, 5-HT2A, and SERT in PBMCs from healthy volunteers (HV), drug-naive patients with schizophrenia (PWS), drug-free PWS, and PWS treated with risperidone for up to 40 weeks using quantitative PCR. Our study revealed elevated mRNA levels of D3, DAT, 5-HT2A, and SERT in unmedicated PWS. Treatment with risperidone led to a reduction only in the expression of 5-HT2A and SERT. Furthermore, we observed a moderate correlation between 5-HT2A expression and the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), as well as SERT expression and PANSS scale. We also found a moderate correlation between 5-HT2A and SERT expression and the positive subscale. The duration of risperidone consumption had a significant negative correlation with the expression of 5-HT2A and SERT. Our study introduces the measurement of 5-HT2A and SERT expression in PBMCs as a useful parameter for assessing the response to risperidone in PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Alvarez-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (S.A.-H.); (G.P.-S.); (E.B.-V.)
| | - Mauricio Rosel Vales
- Clínica de Esquizofrenia, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico;
| | - Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (S.A.-H.); (G.P.-S.); (E.B.-V.)
| | - Enrique Becerril-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (S.A.-H.); (G.P.-S.); (E.B.-V.)
| | - Yvonne Flores-Medina
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (Y.F.-M.); (R.S.-A.)
| | - José Luis Maldonado-García
- Departamemto de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
- Departamemto de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Saracco-Alvarez
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (Y.F.-M.); (R.S.-A.)
| | - Raúl Escamilla
- Subdirección de Consulta Externa, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico;
| | - Lenin Pavón
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (S.A.-H.); (G.P.-S.); (E.B.-V.)
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2
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Kang Y, Zhang Y, Huang K, Wang Z. The genetic influence of the DRD3 rs6280 polymorphism (Ser9Gly) on functional connectivity and gray matter volume of the hippocampus in patients with first-episode, drug-naïve schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114124. [PMID: 36154848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The D3 dopamine receptor (DRD3) plays a major role in cognitive function and is a candidate gene for schizophrenia. DRD3 is widely distributed in the hippocampus, but whether there are potential associations between the rs6280 genotype, the hippocampus, and cognitive function in first-episode, drug-naïve (FES) patients and healthy controls (HCs) is still poorly understood. First, using functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging data, we calculated the gray matter volume (GMV) and functional connectivity (FC) of the hippocampus. Then, we examined the possible interaction effect of the DRD3 genotype and the disease on the FC and GMV of the hippocampus in 52 FES patients and 51 HCs. Finally, the correlation between the FC and GMV in the hippocampus, influenced by rs6280, and the cognitive performance of subjects was analyzed. A significant interaction effect of diagnostic group by genotype of rs6280 on the GMV of the left hippocampus was found, with lower GMV in FES patients that were C carriers compared with TT homozygotes; the opposite pattern was found in the genetic subgroups of HCs. In the FES group, C carriers performed significantly worse on reasoning and problem-solving tests than TT homozygotes. The left hippocampal GMV positively correlated with reasoning and problem-solving performance in TT homozygotes, but this correlation disappeared in FES patients that were C carriers and in genetic subgroups of HCs. Together, these results suggest that FES patients that are C carriers of rs6280 have lower GMV in the hippocampus, resulting in greater cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Kang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Youming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kexin Huang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhenhong Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
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3
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Channer B, Matt SM, Nickoloff-Bybel EA, Pappa V, Agarwal Y, Wickman J, Gaskill PJ. Dopamine, Immunity, and Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:62-158. [PMID: 36757901 PMCID: PMC9832385 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function, regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also regulates critical functions in peripheral organs, such as blood pressure, renal activity, and intestinal motility. Beyond these functions, a growing body of evidence indicates that dopamine is an important immunoregulatory factor. Most types of immune cells express dopamine receptors and other dopaminergic proteins, and many immune cells take up, produce, store, and/or release dopamine, suggesting that dopaminergic immunomodulation is important for immune function. Targeting these pathways could be a promising avenue for the treatment of inflammation and disease, but despite increasing research in this area, data on the specific effects of dopamine on many immune cells and disease processes remain inconsistent and poorly understood. Therefore, this review integrates the current knowledge of the role of dopamine in immune cell function and inflammatory signaling across systems. We also discuss the current understanding of dopaminergic regulation of immune signaling in the CNS and peripheral tissues, highlighting the role of dopaminergic immunomodulation in diseases such as Parkinson's disease, several neuropsychiatric conditions, neurologic human immunodeficiency virus, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and others. Careful consideration is given to the influence of experimental design on results, and we note a number of areas in need of further research. Overall, this review integrates our knowledge of dopaminergic immunology at the cellular, tissue, and disease level and prompts the development of therapeutics and strategies targeted toward ameliorating disease through dopaminergic regulation of immunity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Canonically, dopamine is recognized as a neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of movement, cognition, and reward. However, dopamine also acts as an immune modulator in the central nervous system and periphery. This review comprehensively assesses the current knowledge of dopaminergic immunomodulation and the role of dopamine in disease pathogenesis at the cellular and tissue level. This will provide broad access to this information across fields, identify areas in need of further investigation, and drive the development of dopaminergic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breana Channer
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Stephanie M Matt
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Emily A Nickoloff-Bybel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Yash Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Jason Wickman
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Peter J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
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Fountoulakis KN, Panagiotidis P, Tegos T, Kimiskidis V, Nimatoudis I. Paternal age and specific neurological soft signs as reliable and valid neurobiological markers for the diagnosis of patients with schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:1087-1096. [PMID: 34842982 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Advanced parental age at delivery and neurological soft signs (NSS) constitute risk factors for schizophrenia. The aim of the current study was to develop a neurobiological diagnostic index by combining them, and without the contribution of clinical symptomatology. The study sample included 133 patients suffering from schizophrenia according to DSM-IV-TR (77 males and 56 females; aged 33.55 ± 11.22 years old) and 122 normal controls (66 males and 56 females; aged 32.89 ± 9.91 years old). The assessment included the Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES), and a number of scales assessing the clinical symptoms and adverse effects. The statistical analysis included exploratory t-test, Pearson Correlation coefficient (R) and Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA). Exploratory t-tests and Pearson's R suggested that sex, parental age and NSS constitute independent components. On the basis of DFA results, the Psychotic Neurological Index was developed. At the cut-off PNI score of 8.5, sensitivity was equal to 94.74 and specificity to 93.44. The current is probably the first study to report on an easily obtainable diagnostic neurobiological marker with identifiable properties which is absolutely independent from the clinical manifestations and could serve in distinguishing between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls with high efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos N Fountoulakis
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Panagiotidis
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomas Tegos
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios Kimiskidis
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Nimatoudis
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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5
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Nazari S, Pourmand SM, Makki SM, Brand S, Vousooghi N. Potential biomarkers of addiction identified by real-time PCR in human peripheral blood lymphocytes: a narrative review. Biomark Med 2022; 16:739-758. [PMID: 35658670 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Addiction-related neurobiological factors could be considered as potential biomarkers. The concentration of peripheral biomarkers in tissues like blood lymphocytes may mirror their brain levels. This review is focused on the mRNA expression of potential addiction biomarkers in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched using the keywords 'addiction', 'biomarker', 'peripheral blood lymphocyte', 'gene expression' and 'real-time PCR'. The results showed the alterations in the regulation of genes such as dopamine receptors, opioid receptors, NMDA receptors, cannabinoid receptors, α-synuclein, DYN, MAO-A, FosB and orexin-A as PBLs biomarkers in addiction stages. Such variations could also be found during abstinence and relapse. PBLs biomarkers may help in drug development and have clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Nazari
- Department of Neuroscience & Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Pourmand
- Addiction Department, School of Behavioral Sciences & Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1445613111, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Makki
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717443, Iran
| | - Serge Brand
- Center for Affective-, Stress- and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, 4002, Switzerland.,Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714869914, Iran.,Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714869914, Iran.,Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, University of Basel, Basel, 4052, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran.,Research Center for Cognitive & Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 13337159140, Iran.,Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1336616357, Iran
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6
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Vallée A. Neuroinflammation in Schizophrenia: The Key Role of the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052810. [PMID: 35269952 PMCID: PMC8910888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a very complex syndrome involving widespread brain multi-dysconnectivity. Schizophrenia is marked by cognitive, behavioral, and emotional dysregulations. Recent studies suggest that inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) and immune dysfunction could have a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. This hypothesis is supported by immunogenetic evidence, and a higher incidence rate of autoimmune diseases in patients with schizophrenia. The dysregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway is associated with the involvement of neuroinflammation in schizophrenia. Several studies have shown that there is a vicious and positive interplay operating between neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. This interplay is modulated by WNT/β-catenin, which interacts with the NF-kB pathway; inflammatory factors (including IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α); factors of oxidative stress such as glutamate; and dopamine. Neuroinflammation is associated with increased levels of PPARγ. In schizophrenia, the expression of PPAR-γ is increased, whereas the WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARα are downregulated. This suggests that a metabolic-inflammatory imbalance occurs in this disorder. Thus, this research’s triptych could be a novel therapeutic approach to counteract both neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (DRCI), Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
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Obray JD, Jang EY, Klomp AM, Small CA, Richardson AP, LeBaron JJ, Lee JG, Yorgason JT, Yang CH, Steffensen SC. The peripheral dopamine 2 receptor antagonist domperidone attenuates ethanol enhancement of dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:396-409. [PMID: 35040146 PMCID: PMC8920780 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopamine neuron firing in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens have been implicated in reward learning. Ethanol is known to increase both dopamine neuron firing in the VTA and dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. Despite this, some discrepancies exist between the dose of ethanol required to enhance firing in vivo and ex vivo. In the present study we investigated the effects of peripheral dopamine 2 subtype receptor antagonism on ethanol's effects on dopamine neurotransmission. METHODS Plasma catecholamine levels were assessed following ethanol administration across four different doses of EtOH. Microdialysis and voltammetry were used to assess the effects of domperidone pretreatment on ethanol-mediated increases in dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. A place conditioning paradigm was used to assess conditioned preference for ethanol and whether domperidone pretreatment altered this preference. Open-field and loss-of-righting reflex paradigms were used to assess the effects of domperidone on ethanol-induced sedation. A rotarod apparatus was used to assess the effects of domperidone on ethanol-induced motor impairment. RESULTS Domperidone attenuated ethanol's enhancement of mesolimbic dopamine release under non-physiological conditions at intermediate (1.0 and 2.0 g/kg) doses of ethanol. Domperidone also decreased EtOH-induced sedation at 2.0 g/kg. Domperidone did not alter ethanol conditioned place preference nor did it affect ethanol-induced motor impairment. CONCLUSIONS These results show that peripheral dopamine 2 receptors mediate some of the effects of ethanol on nonphysiological dopamine neurotransmission, although these effects are not related to the rewarding properties of ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Daniel Obray
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Eun Young Jang
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA,Research Center for Convergence Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Anneke M. Klomp
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Christina A. Small
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Aaron P. Richardson
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Joshua J. LeBaron
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Jin Gyeom Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jordan T. Yorgason
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Scott C. Steffensen
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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8
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Leisman G, Sheldon D. Tics and Emotions. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020242. [PMID: 35204005 PMCID: PMC8870550 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tics can be associated with neurological disorders and are thought to be the result of dysfunctional basal ganglia pathways. In Tourette Syndrome (TS), excess dopamine in the striatum is thought to excite the thalamo-cortical circuits, producing tics. When external stressors activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, more dopamine is produced, furthering the excitation of tic-producing pathways. Emotional processing structures in the limbic are also activated during tics, providing further evidence of a possible emotional component in motor ticking behaviors. The purpose of this review is to better understand the relationship between emotional states and ticking behavior. We found support for the notion that premonitory sensory phenomena (PSP), sensory stimulation, and other environmental stressors that impact the HPA axis can influence tics through dopaminergic neurotransmission. Dopamine plays a vital role in cognition and motor control and is an important neurotransmitter in the pathophysiology of other disorders such as obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which tend to be comorbid with ticking disorders and are thought to use similar pathways. It is concluded that there is an emotional component to ticking behaviors. Emotions primarily involving anxiety, tension, stress, and frustration have been associated with exacerbated tics, with PSP contributing to these feelings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry Leisman
- Movement and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidad de la Ciencias Médicas, Havana 10400, Cuba
- Correspondence:
| | - Dana Sheldon
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
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Li M, Zhou L, Sun X, Yang Y, Zhang C, Wang T, Fu F. Dopamine, a co-regulatory component, bridges the central nervous system and the immune system. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112458. [PMID: 34847478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a crucial neurotransmitter that plays an important role in maintaining physiological function in human body. In the past, most studies focused on the relationship between the dopaminergic system and neurological-related diseases. However, it has been found recently that DA is an immunomodulatory mediator and many immune cells express dopamine receptors (DRs). Some immune cells can synthesize and secrete DA and then participate in regulating immune function. DRs agonists or antagonists can improve the dysfunction of immune system through classical G protein signaling pathways or other non-receptor-dependent pathways. This article will discuss the relationship between the dopaminergic system and the immune system. It will also review the use of DRs agonists or antagonists to treat chronic and acute inflammatory diseases and corresponding immunomodulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Yunqi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Ce Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China.
| | - Fenghua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China.
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Mazhar F, Battini V, Pozzi M, Invernizzi E, Mosini G, Gringeri M, Capuano A, Scavone C, Radice S, Clementi E, Carnovale C. Hyponatremia Following Antipsychotic Treatment: In Silico Pharmacodynamics Analysis of Spontaneous Reports From the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System Database and an Updated Systematic Review. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 24:477-489. [PMID: 33575781 PMCID: PMC8278799 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyponatremia associated with antipsychotic drugs is a rare but potentially life-threatening adverse drug reaction; the underlying pharmacological mechanism has not yet been explained. METHODS We investigated the relationship between pharmacological targets of antipsychotic drugs and the occurrence of hyponatremia by conducting a nested case-control study using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the associations between antipsychotics receptor occupancy and hyponatremia. We also performed a systematic review of clinical studies on this association. RESULTS Of 139 816 reports involving at least 1 antipsychotic, 1.1% reported hyponatremia. Olanzapine was the most frequently suspected drug (27%). A significant positive association was found between dopamine D3, D4, and hyponatremia, while adrenergic α 1, serotonin 5-HT1A, and 5-HT2A receptor occupancies were negatively associated. A multivariable stepwise regression model showed that dopamine D3 (adj. odds ratio = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.09-1.34; P < .05) predicted the risk for hyponatremia (P < .05), while serotonin 5-HT2A occupancy (Adj. odds ratio = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.68-0.90; P < .01) exhibited a protective effect against hyponatremia. Among the 11 studies included in the systematic review, incidence rates of hyponatremia diverged between 0.003% and 86%, whereas the odds of developing hyponatremia from effect studies ranged between 0.83 and 3.47. CONCLUSIONS Antipsychotic drugs having a combined modest occupancy for D3 and 5-HT2A receptors and higher levels of D3 receptor occupancy correspond to different degrees of risk for hyponatremia. Based on the few, relatively large-scale available studies, atypical antipsychotics have a more attenuated risk profile for hyponatremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Mazhar
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, “Luigi Sacco” University Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vera Battini
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, “Luigi Sacco” University Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Pozzi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Elena Invernizzi
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, “Luigi Sacco” University Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Mosini
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, “Luigi Sacco” University Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Gringeri
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, “Luigi Sacco” University Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Capuano
- Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli,” Department of Experimental Medicine, Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,”Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Scavone
- Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli,” Department of Experimental Medicine, Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,”Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Radice
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, “Luigi Sacco” University Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, “Luigi Sacco” University Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Carla Carnovale
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, “Luigi Sacco” University Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
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11
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Pilli D, Zou A, Dawes R, Lopez JA, Tea F, Liyanage G, Lee FX, Merheb V, Houston SD, Pillay A, Jones HF, Ramanathan S, Mohammad S, Kelleher AD, Alexander SI, Dale RC, Brilot F. Pro-inflammatory dopamine-2 receptor-specific T cells in paediatric movement and psychiatric disorders. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1229. [PMID: 33425355 PMCID: PMC7780098 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives A dysregulated inflammatory response against the dopamine‐2 receptor (D2R) has been implicated in movement and psychiatric disorders. D2R antibodies were previously reported in a subset of these patients; however, the role of T cells in these disorders remains unknown. Our objective was to identify and characterise pro‐inflammatory D2R‐specific T cells in movement and psychiatric disorders. Methods Blood from paediatric patients with movement and psychiatric disorders of suspected autoimmune and neurodevelopmental aetiology (n = 24) and controls (n = 16) was cultured in vitro with a human D2R peptide library, and D2R‐specific T cells were identified by flow cytometric quantification of CD4+CD25+CD134+ T cells. Cytokine secretion was analysed using a cytometric bead array and ELISA. HLA genotypes were examined in D2R‐specific T‐cell‐positive patients. D2R antibody seropositivity was determined using a flow cytometry live cell‐based assay. Results Three immunodominant regions of D2R, amino acid (aa)121–131, aa171–181 and aa396–416, specifically activated CD4+ T cells in 8/24 patients. Peptides corresponding to these regions were predicted to bind with high affinity to the HLA of the eight positive patients and had also elicited the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐2, IFN‐ γ, TNF, IL‐6, IL‐17A and IL‐17F. All eight patients were seronegative for D2R antibodies. Conclusion Autoreactive D2R‐specific T cells and a pro‐inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cytokine profile characterise a subset of paediatric patients with movement and psychiatric disorders, further underpinning the theory of immune dysregulation in these disorders. These findings offer new perspectives into the neuroinflammatory mechanisms of movement and psychiatric disorders and can influence patient diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Pilli
- Brain Autoimmunity Group Kids Neuroscience Centre Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Alicia Zou
- Brain Autoimmunity Group Kids Neuroscience Centre Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Ruebena Dawes
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia.,Genomic Medicine Group Kids Neuroscience Centre Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Joseph A Lopez
- Brain Autoimmunity Group Kids Neuroscience Centre Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Fiona Tea
- Brain Autoimmunity Group Kids Neuroscience Centre Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Ganesha Liyanage
- Brain Autoimmunity Group Kids Neuroscience Centre Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW Australia.,School of Medical Sciences Discipline of Applied Medical Science Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Fiona Xz Lee
- Brain Autoimmunity Group Kids Neuroscience Centre Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Vera Merheb
- Brain Autoimmunity Group Kids Neuroscience Centre Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Samuel D Houston
- Brain Autoimmunity Group Kids Neuroscience Centre Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Aleha Pillay
- Brain Autoimmunity Group Kids Neuroscience Centre Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Hannah F Jones
- Brain Autoimmunity Group Kids Neuroscience Centre Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Sudarshini Ramanathan
- Brain Autoimmunity Group Kids Neuroscience Centre Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Shekeeb Mohammad
- Brain Autoimmunity Group Kids Neuroscience Centre Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | | | - Stephen I Alexander
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia.,Centre for Kidney Research Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Russell C Dale
- Brain Autoimmunity Group Kids Neuroscience Centre Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Fabienne Brilot
- Brain Autoimmunity Group Kids Neuroscience Centre Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia.,School of Medical Sciences Discipline of Applied Medical Science Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
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12
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Tavakkolifard M, Vousooghi N, Mahboubi S, Golab F, Ejtemaei Mehr S, Zarrindast MR. Evaluation of the relationship between the gene expression level of orexin-1 receptor in the rat blood and prefrontal cortex, novelty-seeking, and proneness to methamphetamine dependence: A candidate biomarker. Peptides 2020; 131:170368. [PMID: 32668268 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND previous studies have suggested that methamphetamine (METH) abuse may affect orexin regulation. However, the data regarding the relationship between the current level of orexin and the vulnerability to METH abuse are minimal. Here, we have investigated the correlation between the gene expression level of the orexin-1 receptor (OX1R) in the rat prefrontal cortex (PFC) and blood lymphocytes and susceptibility to METH dependence and its impact on novelty-seeking behavior. METHODS male Wistar rats were first examined for novelty-seeking behavior by the novel object recognition test, and the expression level of OX1R in their blood lymphocytes was evaluated by real-time PCR. Then, the susceptibility to METH abuse was investigated by voluntary METH oral consumption test. According to the amounts of METH consumption, the animals were divided into two groups of METH preferring and non-preferring. Half of the rats in each group were sacrificed, and the level of OX1R in their blood lymphocytes and PFC tissue was measured. The other half were sacrificed for the same reason after two weeks of drug abstinence. RESULTS The indexes of novelty-seeking behavior were significantly higher in the METH- preferring group compared to the non-preferring animals. Furthermore, the expression level of OX1R in the blood lymphocytes and PFC in the preferring group was considerably higher than the non-preferring group. CONCLUSION Up-regulation of the mRNA expression level of OX1R in the lymphocytes and PFC may predict vulnerability to the METH consumption and novelty-seeking, which may serve as a potential biomarker for METH abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnoosh Tavakkolifard
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sara Mahboubi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Golab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Ejtemaei Mehr
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zarrindast
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Stark T, Di Bartolomeo M, Di Marco R, Drazanova E, Platania CBM, Iannotti FA, Ruda-Kucerova J, D'Addario C, Kratka L, Pekarik V, Piscitelli F, Babinska Z, Fedotova J, Giurdanella G, Salomone S, Sulcova A, Bucolo C, Wotjak CT, Starcuk Z, Drago F, Mechoulam R, Di Marzo V, Micale V. Altered dopamine D3 receptor gene expression in MAM model of schizophrenia is reversed by peripubertal cannabidiol treatment. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:114004. [PMID: 32360362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gestational methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) treatment produces offspring with adult phenotype relevant to schizophrenia, including positive- and negative-like symptoms, cognitive deficits, dopaminergic dysfunction, structural and functional abnormalities. Here we show that adult rats prenatally treated with MAM at gestational day 17 display significant increase in dopamine D3 receptor (D3) mRNA expression in prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus and nucleus accumbens, accompanied by increased expression of dopamine D2 receptor (D2) mRNA exclusively in the PFC. Furthermore, a significant change in the blood perfusion at the level of the circle of Willis and hippocampus, paralleled by the enlargement of lateral ventricles, was also detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Peripubertal treatment with the non-euphoric phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (30 mg/kg) from postnatal day (PND) 19 to PND 39 was able to reverse in MAM exposed rats: i) the up-regulation of the dopamine D3 receptor mRNA (only partially prevented by haloperidol 0.6 mg/kg/day); and ii) the regional blood flow changes in MAM exposed rats. Molecular modelling predicted that cannabidiol could bind preferentially to dopamine D3 receptor, where it may act as a partial agonist according to conformation of ionic-lock, which is highly conserved in GPCRs. In summary, our results demonstrate that the mRNA expression of both dopamine D2 and D3 receptors is altered in the MAM model; however only the transcript levels of D3 are affected by cannabidiol treatment, likely suggesting that this gene might not only contribute to the schizophrenia symptoms but also represent an unexplored target for the antipsychotic activity of cannabidiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Stark
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; RG "Neuronal Plasticity", Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Di Bartolomeo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Marco
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Eva Drazanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Naples, Italy
| | - Jana Ruda-Kucerova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Claudio D'Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Lucie Kratka
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Pekarik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Naples, Italy
| | - Zuzana Babinska
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Fedotova
- International Research Centre "Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium", ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology RASci., St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Giovanni Giurdanella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Salomone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alexandra Sulcova
- ICCI - International Cannabis and Cannabinoid Institute, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carsten T Wotjak
- RG "Neuronal Plasticity", Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & KO KG, Germany
| | - Zenon Starcuk
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Naples, Italy; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Joint International Unit on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Université Laval and Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Micale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
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14
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Santos-Toscano R, Ucha M, Borcel É, Ambrosio E, Higuera-Matas A. Maternal immune activation is associated with a lower number of dopamine receptor 3-expressing granulocytes with no alterations in cocaine reward, resistance to extinction or cue-induced reinstatement. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 193:172930. [PMID: 32294488 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence for increased rates of drug use among schizophrenic patients. However, the causality in this relationship remains unclear. In the present work, we use a maternal immune activation model to test whether animals at high risk of developing a schizophrenia-like condition are more prone to acquire cocaine self-administration, show enhanced sensitivity to the reinforcing actions of cocaine or if they are resistant to extinction or vulnerable to relapse. Also, given that D3 and CB2 receptor expression in immune cells is altered in patients with schizophrenia, we examined the populations of immune cells expressing these receptors. Pregnant rats were daily injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (2 mg/kg s.c.) or saline during pregnancy, and we tested prepulse inhibition -PPI- in the offspring. After this, one group of rats was submitted to cocaine self-administration (0.5 mg/kg) under fixed and progressive ratio schedules, dose-response testing, extinction and cue-induced drug-seeking. Another group was sacrificed to study the immune blood cells by flow cytometry. While rats born to LPS-treated mothers showed impaired PPI, there were no differences in cocaine self-administration acquisition, responsiveness to dose shifts, extinction or cue-induced reinstatement. Finally, there were fewer D3R+ granulocytes in the LPS-offspring and an exciting trend for CB2R+ lymphocytes to be more abundant in LPS-exposed rats. Our results indicate that the higher prevalence of cocaine abuse among people with schizophrenia is not due to a pre-existing pathology and suggest that D3R+ granulocytes and possibly CB2R+ lymphocytes could be potential biomarkers of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Santos-Toscano
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Ucha
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Érika Borcel
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ambrosio
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Higuera-Matas
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Vidal PM, Pacheco R. The Cross-Talk Between the Dopaminergic and the Immune System Involved in Schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:394. [PMID: 32296337 PMCID: PMC7137825 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is one of the neurotransmitters whose transmission is altered in a number of neural pathways in the brain of schizophrenic patients. Current evidence indicates that these alterations involve hyperactive dopaminergic transmission in mesolimbic areas, striatum, and hippocampus, whereas hypoactive dopaminergic transmission has been reported in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic patients. Consequently, schizophrenia is associated with several cognitive and behavioral alterations. Of note, the immune system has been found to collaborate with the central nervous system in a number of cognitive and behavioral functions, which are dysregulated in schizophrenia. Moreover, emerging evidence has associated schizophrenia and inflammation. Importantly, different lines of evidence have shown dopamine as a major regulator of inflammation. In this regard, dopamine might exert strong regulation in the activity, migration, differentiation, and proliferation of immune cells that have been shown to contribute to cognitive functions, including T-cells, microglial cells, and peripheral monocytes. Thereby, alterations in dopamine levels associated to schizophrenia might affect inflammatory response of immune cells and consequently some behavioral functions, including reference memory, learning, social behavior, and stress resilience. Altogether these findings support the involvement of an active cross-talk between the dopaminergic and immune systems in the physiopathology of schizophrenia. In this review we summarize, integrate, and discuss the current evidence indicating the involvement of an altered dopaminergic regulation of immunity in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia M Vidal
- Department of Basic Science, Biomedical Science Research Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Zhou X, Wang X, Li R, Yan J, Xiao Y, Li W, Shen H. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Is Independently Associated With Severe Psychopathology in Schizophrenia and Is Changed by Antipsychotic Administration: A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:581061. [PMID: 33192726 PMCID: PMC7661461 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.581061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immunological and inflammatory mechanisms play an important role in schizophrenia. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a value obtained by dividing the absolute number of neutrophils by the absolute lymphocyte count and represents a biomarker of systemic inflammatory response. There are studies investigating NLR association with psychopathology. However, the relationship has been only studied in small numbers of patients with schizophrenia, which leads to conflicting results and makes the meta-analytic data difficult to interpret. The aim of this study is to perform large-scale cross-sectional analysis on the potential correlation between NLR and disease severity in schizophrenic patients with or without medication. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Brain Hospital. We identified inpatients with schizophrenia between July 12, 2018 and March 27, 2019 and collected data of NLR, the Clinical Global Impression Severity scale (CGI-S) score and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) score. Results: The records of 1,144 identified patients (10.8% drug-free patients) were analyzed. We found that NLR was significantly decreased in schizophrenic patients after antipsychotic administration and there was the discrepant correlation between NLR and psychiatric symptoms in patients with or without antipsychotic medication. The results of multivariate logistic regressions showed that NLR was positively associated with the severity of disease (i.e., the CGI-S score and the BPRS total score) in drug-free patients, and it was negatively associated with the BPRS negative symptoms (i.e., the BPRS negative symptoms score) in drug-therapy patients. Conclusion: The study is the first to confirm the hypothesis that NLR is independently associated with severe psychopathology in schizophrenia and is changed by antipsychotic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Brain Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Brain Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Brain Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- College of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Brain Hospital, Nanjing, China
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17
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Shahkarami K, Vousooghi N, Golab F, Mohsenzadeh A, Baharvand P, Sadat-Shirazi MS, Babhadi-Ashar N, Shakeri A, Zarrindast MR. Evaluation of dynorphin and kappa-opioid receptor level in the human blood lymphocytes and plasma: Possible role as a biomarker in severe opioid use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 205:107638. [PMID: 31710992 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dynorphin (DYN)/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system plays an important role in the development of addiction, and dysregulation of this system could lead to abnormal activity in the reward pathway. It has been reported that the expression state of the neurotransmitters and their receptors in the brain is reflected in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). METHODS We have evaluated the PBLs and plasma samples of four groups: 1) subjects with severe opioid use disorder (SOD), 2) methadone-maintenance treated (MMT) individuals, 3) long-term abstinent subjects having former SOD, and 4) healthy control subjects (n = 20 in each group). The mRNA expression level of preprodynorphin (pPDYN) and KOR in PBLs has been evaluated by real-time PCR. Peptide expression of PDYN in PBLs has been studied by western blot, and DYN concentration in plasma has been measured by ELISA. RESULTS The relative expression level of the pPDYN mRNA and PDYN peptide in PBLs were significantly up-regulated in SOD, MMT, and abstinent groups compared to control subjects. No significant difference was found in the plasma DYN concentration between study groups. The expression level of the KOR mRNA in PBLs was significantly decreased in all three study groups compared to the control subjects. CONCLUSION the expression changes in the DYN/KOR system after chronic exposure to opioids, including methadone, seems to be stable and does not return to normal levels even after 12 months abstinence. These long-time and permanent changes in PBLs may serve as a biomarker and footprint of SOD development in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Shahkarami
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereshteh Golab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Mohsenzadeh
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Parastoo Baharvand
- Department of Social Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mitra-Sadat Sadat-Shirazi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Babhadi-Ashar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atena Shakeri
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zarrindast
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Kerage D, Sloan EK, Mattarollo SR, McCombe PA. Interaction of neurotransmitters and neurochemicals with lymphocytes. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 332:99-111. [PMID: 30999218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters and neurochemicals can act on lymphocytes by binding to receptors expressed by lymphocytes. This review describes lymphocyte expression of receptors for a selection of neurotransmitters and neurochemicals, the anatomical locations where lymphocytes can interact with neurotransmitters, and the effects of the neurotransmitters on lymphocyte function. Implications for health and disease are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kerage
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Erica K Sloan
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Division of Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Cousins Center for Neuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Pamela A McCombe
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Australia.
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19
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Lin CH, Lane HY. Early Identification and Intervention of Schizophrenia: Insight From Hypotheses of Glutamate Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:93. [PMID: 30873052 PMCID: PMC6400883 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder which leads to functional deterioration. Early detection and intervention are vital for better prognosis. However, the diagnosis of schizophrenia still depends on clinical observation to date. Without reliable biomarkers, schizophrenia is difficult to detect in its early phase. Further, there is no approved medication for prodromal schizophrenia because current antipsychotics fail to show satisfactory efficacy and safety. Therefore, to develop an effective early diagnostic and therapeutic approach for schizophrenia, especially in its prodromal phase, is crucial. Glutamate signaling dysfunction and dysregulation of oxidative stress have been considered to play important roles in schizophrenic prodrome. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is one of three types of ionotropic glutamate receptors. In this article, we reviewed literature regarding NMDAR hypofunction, oxidative stress, and the linkage between both in prodromal schizophrenia. The efficacy of NMDAR enhancers such as D-amino acid oxidase inhibitor was addressed. Finally, we highlighted potential biomarkers related to NMDAR and oxidative stress regulation, and therefore suggested the strategies of early detection and intervention of prodromal schizophrenia. Future larger-scale studies combining biomarkers and novel drug development for early psychosis are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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20
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Meygooni MS, Asil MAM, Haftvani GT, Morshedzadeh F, Zaeifi D. Auxiliary role of D5 dopamine receptor as a marker in paranoid schizophrenia patients. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2019.1575501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Firouzeh Morshedzadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Zaeifi
- Department of Biology, North-Tehran branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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21
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The key role of T cells in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and therapy. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 60:25-31. [PMID: 30404763 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and highlights evidence for modulation of the T cell response as an effective neuroprotective strategy. In preclinical models of Parkinson's disease, modulation of the T cell response results in neuroprotection. Peripheral markers of T cell response show changes in Parkinson's patients relative to controls that have potential application as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers. The article also discusses the important immunomodulatory effects of dopamine which may confound study of T cells in patients on dopaminergic therapies, and highlights glatiramer acetate, an FDA-approved therapy for multiple sclerosis that works through modulating the T cell response, as a promising target for translation.
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22
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Sadat-Shirazi MS, Vousooghi N, Alizadeh B, Makki SM, Zarei SZ, Nazari S, Zarrindast MR. Expression of NMDA receptor subunits in human blood lymphocytes: A peripheral biomarker in online computer game addiction. J Behav Addict 2018; 7:260-268. [PMID: 29788757 PMCID: PMC6174581 DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Repeated performance of some behaviors such as playing computer games could result in addiction. The NMDA receptor is critically involved in the development of behavioral and drug addictions. It has been claimed that the expression level of neurotransmitter receptors in the brain may be reflected in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Methods Here, using a real-time PCR method, we have investigated the mRNA expression of GluN2A, GluN2D, GluN3A, and GluN3B subunits of the NMDA receptor in PBLs of male online computer game addicts (n = 25) in comparison with normal subjects (n = 26). Results Expression levels of GluN2A, GluN2D, and GluN3B subunits were not statistically different between game addicts and the control group. However, the mRNA expression of the GluN3A subunit was downregulated in PBLs of game addicts. Discussion and conclusions Transcriptional levels of GluN2A and GluN2D subunits in online computer game addicts are similar to our previously reported data of opioid addiction and are not different from the control group. However, unlike our earlier finding of drug addiction, the mRNA expression levels of GluN3A and GluN3B subunits in PBLs of game addicts are reduced and unchanged, respectively, compared with control subjects. It seems that the downregulated state of the GluN3A subunit of NMDA receptor in online computer game addicts is a finding that deserves more studies in the future to see whether it can serve as a peripheral biomarker in addiction studies, where the researcher wants to rule out the confusing effects of abused drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra-Sadat Sadat-Shirazi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Genetics Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Genetics Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Nasim Vousooghi, Pharm D, PhD; Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 1417755469, Tehran, Iran; Phone: +98 21 8899 1118; Fax: +98 21 8899 1117; E-mail:
| | - Bentolhoda Alizadeh
- Department of Biology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Makki
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shahrzad Nazari
- Genetics Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zarrindast
- Genetics Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Tehran, Iran,Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Talhada D, Rabenstein M, Ruscher K. The role of dopaminergic immune cell signalling in poststroke inflammation. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2018; 11:1756286418774225. [PMID: 29774058 PMCID: PMC5952273 DOI: 10.1177/1756286418774225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon ischaemic stroke, brain-resident and peripheral immune cells accumulate in the central nervous system (CNS). Interestingly, these cells express pattern specific to neurotransmitter receptors and, therefore, seem to be susceptible to neurotransmitter stimulation, potentially modulating their properties and functions. One of the principal neurotransmitters in the CNS, dopamine, is involved in the regulation of processes of brain development, motor control and higher brain functions. It is constantly released in the brain and there is experimental and clinical evidence that dopaminergic signalling is involved in recovery of lost neurological function after stroke. Independent studies have revealed specific but different patterns of dopamine receptor subtypes on different populations of immune cells. Those patterns are dependent on the activation status of cells. Generally, exposure to dopamine or dopamine receptor agonists decreases detrimental actions of immune cells. In contrast, a reduction of dopaminergic inputs perpetuates a pro-inflammatory state associated with increased release of pro-inflammatory molecules. In addition, subsets of immune cells have been identified to synthesize and release dopamine, suggesting autoregulatory mechanisms. Evidence supports that inflammatory processes activated following ischaemic stroke are modulated by dopaminergic signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Talhada
- LUBIN Lab – Lund Brain Injury Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Infante D. Henrique, Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal
| | - Monika Rabenstein
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Lund Brain Injury Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A13, S-22184 Lund, Sweden
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24
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Azadmarzabadi E, Haghighatfard A, Mohammadi A. Low resilience to stress is associated with candidate gene expression alterations in the dopaminergic signalling pathway. Psychogeriatrics 2018; 18:190-201. [PMID: 29423959 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In stressful situations, a person's ability to appropriately complete tasks with minimal anxiety is known as stress resilience. Genetic variants in neuropeptide Y, Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1), and serotonin transporter have been previously reported to be associated with low resilience, but the relationship between low resilience and the dopaminergic signalling pathway is not well understood. Here, we aimed to describe the association between comprehensive psychological characteristics and messenger RNA levels of dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1), dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2), dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3), dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4), dopamine receptor D5 (DRD5), COMT, Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase (DBH), Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), monoamine oxidase A (MAOM), dopa decarboxylase (DDC), dopamine transporter (DAT), serotonin transporter (5-HTT), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) genes based on peripheral blood samples from 400 subjects who react differently to major life event stressors. The blood samples were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. METHODS Four hundred Iranian individuals (age range: 17-42 years) were selected from 18 of Iran's 31 provinces. They were divided into four groups: (i) group A, persons with normal reactions to major life-event stressors; (ii) group B, persons with acute stress reactions to major life-event stressors; (iii) group C, persons with normal reactions to crises/catastrophes; and (iv) group D, persons with acute stress reactions to crises/catastrophes. Individuals were divided into groups by a senior psychiatrist based on an unstructured interview, the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. RESULTS We found that the upregulation of DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4, DBH, DAT, and BDNF and the downregulation of serotonin transporter, monoamine oxidase A, and COMT are associated with stress resilience, which is modulated by dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways. CONCLUSIONS Gene expression variations were not only correlated with stress resilience, but they were also associated with other psychological parameters including personality, depression, anxiety, and intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esfandiar Azadmarzabadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arvin Haghighatfard
- Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Association study of BDNF and DRD3 genes with alcohol use disorder in Schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2018; 671:1-6. [PMID: 29357295 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a leading risk factor of disease burden in the world. It is also commonly comorbid with over 20% of schizophrenia patients. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) have been implicated in alcohol drinking behaviour. Previous genetic studies of the BDNF and DRD3 genes produced mixed findings; however, only one study investigated two BDNF genetic markers with alcohol dependence in schizophrenia patients. We investigated 15 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DRD3 and four SNPs in BDNF for possible association with alcohol abuse or dependence in schizophrenia patients of European ancestry (N = 195). The patients were assessed for the occurrence of alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Patient Edition (SCID-I/P). We found the BDNF Val66Met to be associated with alcohol dependence (p = 0.004). We also found haplotypes across BDNF to be nominally associated with alcohol dependence. Analyses of DRD3 markers and haplotypes yielded mostly negative findings. Our findings support a role of the BDNF gene in alcohol dependence in schizophrenia patients. Larger samples are required to confirm our findings, particularly those of BDNF haplotypes.
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26
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Lin CH, Yang HT, Chiu CC, Lane HY. Blood levels of D-amino acid oxidase vs. D-amino acids in reflecting cognitive aging. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14849. [PMID: 29093468 PMCID: PMC5665939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Feasible peripheral biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is lacking. Dysregulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) and amino acids can regulate the NMDA receptor function. This study aimed to examine whether peripheral DAO and amino acids levels are characteristic of age-related cognitive decline. We enrolled 397 individuals (including amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), mild AD, moderate to severe AD, and healthy elderly). DAO levels in the serum were measured using ELISA. Amino acids levels in serum were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Severity of the cognitive deficits in subjects was assessed using Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR). The DAO levels increased with the severity of the cognitive deficits. DAO levels were significantly associated with D-glutamate and D-serine levels. The Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis of DAO levels for AD patients vs. healthy controls determined the optimal cutoff value, 30.10, with high sensitivity (0.842) and specificity (0.889) (area under curve = 0.928). This is the first study indicating that the peripheral DAO levels may increase with age-related cognitive decline. The finding supports the hypofunction of NMDA receptor hypothesis in AD. Whether DAO could serve as a potential surrogate biomarker needs further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for General Education, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Yang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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27
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Perkovic MN, Erjavec GN, Strac DS, Uzun S, Kozumplik O, Pivac N. Theranostic Biomarkers for Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E733. [PMID: 28358316 PMCID: PMC5412319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly heritable, chronic, severe, disabling neurodevelopmental brain disorder with a heterogeneous genetic and neurobiological background, which is still poorly understood. To allow better diagnostic procedures and therapeutic strategies in schizophrenia patients, use of easy accessible biomarkers is suggested. The most frequently used biomarkers in schizophrenia are those associated with the neuroimmune and neuroendocrine system, metabolism, different neurotransmitter systems and neurotrophic factors. However, there are still no validated and reliable biomarkers in clinical use for schizophrenia. This review will address potential biomarkers in schizophrenia. It will discuss biomarkers in schizophrenia and propose the use of specific blood-based panels that will include a set of markers associated with immune processes, metabolic disorders, and neuroendocrine/neurotrophin/neurotransmitter alterations. The combination of different markers, or complex multi-marker panels, might help in the discrimination of patients with different underlying pathologies and in the better classification of the more homogenous groups. Therefore, the development of the diagnostic, prognostic and theranostic biomarkers is an urgent and an unmet need in psychiatry, with the aim of improving diagnosis, therapy monitoring, prediction of treatment outcome and focus on the personal medicine approach in order to improve the quality of life in patients with schizophrenia and decrease health costs worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Suzana Uzun
- Clinic for Psychiatry Vrapce, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Nela Pivac
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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28
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Levite M, Marino F, Cosentino M. Dopamine, T cells and multiple sclerosis (MS). J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 124:525-542. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1640-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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29
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The role of neuropathological markers in the interpretation of neuropsychiatric disorders: Focus on fetal and perinatal programming. Neurosci Lett 2016; 669:75-82. [PMID: 27818357 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The study of neuropathological markers in patients affected by mental/psychiatric disorders is relevant for the comprehension of the pathogenesis and the correlation with the clinical symptomatology. The neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) recognizes intraneuronal and extracellular neurofibrillary formation responsible for neuronal degeneration. Immunohistochemical studies discovered many interesting results for a better interpretation of the AD pathogenesis, while the "metal hypothesis" supports that metal ions might differentially influence the formation of amyloid aggregates. The most relevant pathological findings reported in schizophrenia originate from computer assisted tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), suggesting the brain abnormalities involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The theory of fetal programming illustrates the epigenetic factors that may act during the intrauterine life on brain development, with relevant consequences on the susceptibility to develop AD or schizophrenia later in life. The neuropathological interpretation of AD and schizophrenia shows that the presence of severe neuropathological changes is not always associated with severe cognitive impairment. A better dialogue between psychiatrics and pathologists might help to halt insurgence and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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30
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Sun Y, Narayan VA, Wittenberg GM. Side effect profile similarities shared between antidepressants and immune-modulators reveal potential novel targets for treating major depressive disorders. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 17:47. [PMID: 27765060 PMCID: PMC5073882 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-016-0090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Side effects, or the adverse effects of drugs, contain important clinical phenotypic information that may be useful in predicting novel or unknown targets of a drug. It has been suggested that drugs with similar side-effect profiles may share common targets. The diagnostic class, Major Depressive Disorder, is increasingly viewed as being comprised of multiple depression subtypes with different biological root causes. One ‘type’ of depression generating substantial interest today focuses on patients with high levels of inflammatory burden, indicated by elevated levels of C-reactive proteins (CRP) and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6). It has been suggested that drugs targeting the immune system may have beneficial effect on this subtype of depressed patients, and several studies are underway to test this hypothesis directly. However, patients have been treated with both anti-inflammatory and antidepressant compounds for decades. It may be possible to exploit similarities in clinical readouts to better understand the antidepressant effects of immune-related drugs. Methods Here we explore the space of approved drugs by comparing the drug side effect profiles of known antidepressants and drugs targeting the immune system, and further examine the findings by comparing the human cell line expression profiles induced by them with those induced by antidepressants. Results We found 7 immune-modulators and 14 anti-inflammatory drugs sharing significant side effect profile similarities with antidepressants. Five of the 7 immune modulators share most similar side effect profiles with antidepressants that modulate dopamine release and/or uptake. In addition, the immunosuppressant rapamycin and the glucocorticoid alclometasone induces transcriptional changes similar to multiple antidepressants. Conclusions These findings suggest that some antidepressants and some immune-related drugs may affect common molecular pathways. Our findings support the idea that certain medications aimed at the immune system may be helpful in relieving depressive symptoms, and suggest that it may be of value to test immune-modulators for antidepressant-like activity in future proof-of-concept studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Neuroscience Integrative Solutions and Informatics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Titusville, NJ, USA.
| | - Vaibhav A Narayan
- Neuroscience Integrative Solutions and Informatics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Gayle M Wittenberg
- Neuroscience Integrative Solutions and Informatics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Titusville, NJ, USA
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31
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Faulkner P, Mancinelli F, Lockwood PL, Matarin M, Dolan RJ, Wood NW, Dayan P, Roiser JP. Peripheral Serotonin 1B Receptor Transcription Predicts the Effect of Acute Tryptophan Depletion on Risky Decision-Making. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 20:58-66. [PMID: 27638901 PMCID: PMC5480594 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of acute tryptophan depletion on human decision-making suggest that serotonin modulates the processing of rewards and punishments. However, few studies have assessed which of the many types of serotonin receptors are responsible. METHODS Using a within-subject, double-blind, sham-controlled design in 26 subjects, we examined whether individual differences in serotonin system gene transcription, measured in peripheral blood, predicted the effect of acute tryptophan depletion on decision-making. Participants performed a task in which they chose between successive pairs of fixed, lower-stakes (control) and variable, higher-stakes (experimental) gambles, each involving wins or losses. In 21 participants, mRNA from 9 serotonin system genes was measured in whole blood prior to acute tryptophan depletion: 5-HT1B, 5-HT1F, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT3A, 5-HT3E, 5-HT7 (serotonin receptors), 5-HTT (the serotonin transporter), and tryptophan hydroxylase 1. RESULTS Acute tryptophan depletion did not significantly influence participants' sensitivity to probability, wins, or losses, although there was a trend for a lower tendency to choose experimental gambles overall following depletion. Significant positive correlations, which survived correction for multiple comparisons, were detected between baseline 5-HT1B mRNA levels and acute tryptophan depletion-induced increases in both the overall tendency to choose the experimental gamble and sensitivity to wins. No significant relationship was observed with any other peripheral serotonin system markers. Computational analyses of decision-making data provided results consistent with these findings. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the 5-HT1B receptor may modulate the effects of acute tryptophan depletion on risky decision-making. Peripheral levels of serotonin markers may predict response to treatments that act upon the serotonin system, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Faulkner
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Faulkner and Roiser); Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (Dr Faulkner);,Correspondence: Paul Faulkner, PhD, Semel Institute, 760 Westwood Boulevard, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90025 ()
| | - Federico Mancinelli
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Faulkner and Roiser); Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (Dr Faulkner)
| | - Patricia L Lockwood
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Faulkner and Roiser); Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (Dr Faulkner)
| | - Mar Matarin
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Faulkner and Roiser); Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (Dr Faulkner)
| | - Raymond J Dolan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Faulkner and Roiser); Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (Dr Faulkner)
| | - Nick W Wood
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Faulkner and Roiser); Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (Dr Faulkner)
| | - Peter Dayan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Faulkner and Roiser); Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (Dr Faulkner)
| | - Jonathan P Roiser
- Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit (Mr Mancinelli and Dr Dayan), and CoMPLEX Centre for Mathematics, Physics and Engineering in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology (Mr Mancinelli), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (Dr Lockwood); Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology (Dr Matarin), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging (Dr Dolan), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (Dr Wood)
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Fernandez-Egea E, Vértes PE, Flint SM, Turner L, Mustafa S, Hatton A, Smith KGC, Lyons PA, Bullmore ET. Peripheral Immune Cell Populations Associated with Cognitive Deficits and Negative Symptoms of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155631. [PMID: 27244229 PMCID: PMC4887013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothetically, psychotic disorders could be caused or conditioned by immunological mechanisms. If so, one might expect there to be peripheral immune system phenotypes that are measurable in blood cells as biomarkers of psychotic states. METHODS We used multi-parameter flow cytometry of venous blood to quantify and determine the activation state of 73 immune cell subsets for 18 patients with chronic schizophrenia (17 treated with clozapine), and 18 healthy volunteers matched for age, sex, BMI and smoking. We used multivariate methods (partial least squares) to reduce dimensionality and define populations of differentially co-expressed cell counts in the cases compared to controls. RESULTS Schizophrenia cases had increased relative numbers of NK cells, naïve B cells, CXCR5+ memory T cells and classical monocytes; and decreased numbers of dendritic cells (DC), HLA-DR+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs), and CD4+ memory T cells. Likewise, within the patient group, more severe negative and cognitive symptoms were associated with decreased relative numbers of dendritic cells, HLA-DR+ Tregs, and CD4+ memory T cells. Motivated by the importance of central nervous system dopamine signalling for psychosis, we measured dopamine receptor gene expression in separated CD4+ cells. Expression of the dopamine D3 (DRD3) receptor was significantly increased in clozapine-treated schizophrenia and covaried significantly with differentiated T cell classes in the CD4+ lineage. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral immune cell populations and dopaminergic signalling are disrupted in clozapine-treated schizophrenia. Immuno-phenotypes may provide peripherally accessible and mechanistically specific biomarkers of residual cognitive and negative symptoms in this treatment-resistant subgroup of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Fernandez-Egea
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Behavioural & Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), G04, Barcelona, Spain
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Petra E. Vértes
- University of Cambridge, Behavioural & Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun M. Flint
- Department of Medicine and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lorinda Turner
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Mustafa
- University of Cambridge, Behavioural & Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Hatton
- Department of Medicine and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth G. C. Smith
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Lyons
- Department of Medicine and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edward T. Bullmore
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Behavioural & Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- GlaxoSmithKline, ImmunoPsychiatry, Alternative Discovery & Development, Pharmaceutical R&D, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Levite M. Dopamine and T cells: dopamine receptors and potent effects on T cells, dopamine production in T cells, and abnormalities in the dopaminergic system in T cells in autoimmune, neurological and psychiatric diseases. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 216:42-89. [PMID: 25728499 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine, a principal neurotransmitter, deserves upgrading to 'NeuroImmunotransmitter' thanks to its multiple, direct and powerful effects on most/all immune cells. Dopamine by itself is a potent activator of resting effector T cells (Teffs), via two independent ways: direct Teffs activation, and indirect Teffs activation by suppression of regulatory T cells (Tregs). The review covers the following findings: (i) T cells express functional dopamine receptors (DRs) D1R-D5R, but their level and function are dynamic and context-sensitive, (ii) DR membranal protein levels do not necessarily correlate with DR mRNA levels, (iii) different T cell types/subtypes have different DR levels and composition and different responses to dopamine, (iv) autoimmune and pro-inflammatory T cells and T cell leukaemia/lymphoma also express functional DRs, (v) dopamine (~10(-8) M) activates resting/naive Teffs (CD8(+) >>>CD4(+) ), (vi) dopamine affects Th1/Th2/Th17 differentiation, (vii) dopamine inhibits already activated Teffs (i.e. T cells that have been already activated by either antigen, mitogen, anti-CD3 antibodies cytokines or other molecules), (viii) dopamine inhibits activated Tregs in an autocrine/paracrine manner. Thus, dopamine 'suppresses the suppressors' and releases the inhibition they exert on Teffs, (ix) dopamine affects intracellular signalling molecules and cascades in T cells (e.g. ERK, Lck, Fyn, NF-κB, KLF2), (x) T cells produce dopamine (Tregs>>>Teffs), can release dopamine, mainly after activation (by antigen, mitogen, anti-CD3 antibodies, PKC activators or other), uptake extracellular dopamine, and most probably need dopamine, (xi) dopamine is important for antigen-specific interactions between T cells and dendritic cells, (xii) in few autoimmune diseases (e.g. multiple sclerosis/SLE/rheumatoid arthritis), and neurological/psychiatric diseases (e.g. Parkinson disease, Alzheimer's disease, Schizophrenia and Tourette), patient's T cells seem to have abnormal DRs expression and/or responses to dopamine or production of dopamine, (xiii) drugs that affect the dopaminergic system have potent effects on T cells (e.g. dopamine=Intropin, L-dopa, bromocriptine, haloperidol, quinpirole, reserpine, pergolide, ecopipam, pimozide, amantadine, tetrabenazine, nomifensine, butaclamol). Dopamine-induced activation of resting Teffs and suppression of Tregs seem beneficial for health and may also be used for immunotherapy of cancer and infectious diseases. Independently, suppression of DRs in autoimmune and pro-inflammatory T cells, and also in cancerous T cells, may be advantageous. The review is relevant to Immunologists, Neurologists, Neuroimmunologists, Hematologists, Psychiatrists, Psychologists and Pharmacologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Levite
- School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University; Jerusalem Israel
- Institute of Gene Therapy; Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital; Jerusalem Israel
- School of Behavioral Sciences; Academic College of Tel-Aviv-Yaffo; Tel Aviv Israel
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Akbari ME, Kashani FL, Ahangari G, Pornour M, Hejazi H, Nooshinfar E, Kabiri M, Hosseini L. The effects of spiritual intervention and changes in dopamine receptor gene expression in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer 2015; 23:893-900. [PMID: 26597879 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-015-0658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females in Iran and in most of the developed countries. Studies have shown that having chronic stress in individuals predisposes several types of cancer including breast cancer. Research results showed that spiritual factors correlate with indices of physical consequences such as heart disease, cancer, and death, so do psychiatric conditions and changes in receptor gene expression in depression, anxiety, and social dysfunction. Different studies demonstrated the role of neurotransmitters in occurrence and progression of cancers. They affected cells by their various types of receptors. An effective gene in mental and physical conditions is Dopamine receptor. Accordingly, the study was conducted to evaluate effects of psychotherapy (spiritual intervention) on changes in Dopamine receptor gene expressions in breast cancer patients. 90 female volunteers, including 30 healthy individuals and 60 diagnosed with breast cancer, considering exclusion criteria, were selected for the purpose of the study. The breast cancer patients were further categorized into experimental and control groups of 30 each. Blood samples were collected both prior to and following the spiritual intervention to analyze changes in their dopamine gene receptor expressions. We observed that DRD2-DRD4 in the control group (breast cancer patients) PBMC increased compared to healthy individuals. Also, DRD2-DRD4 in intervention group PBMC decreased compared to the control group and to even lower than those of healthy individuals. The findings were of great significance in management and treatment of cancer because they revealed the possibility of using alternative treatments (e.g., spiritual interventions) apart from conventional medical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Esmael Akbari
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBUMS), Cancer Research Center (CRC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farah Lotfi Kashani
- Department of Psycho-oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBUMS), Cancer Research Center (CRC), Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Hessam Hejazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Elah Nooshinfar
- Department of Psycho-oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBUMS), Cancer Research Center (CRC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Kabiri
- Department of Language, Aryanpour Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leili Hosseini
- Department of Psycho-oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBUMS), Cancer Research Center (CRC), Tehran, Iran.
- Cancer Research Center, Shohada Hospital, Tajrish, Tehran, Iran.
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Cui Y, Prabhu V, Nguyen TB, Yadav BK, Chung YC. The mRNA Expression Status of Dopamine Receptor D2, Dopamine Receptor D3 and DARPP-32 in T Lymphocytes of Patients with Early Psychosis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26677-86. [PMID: 26561806 PMCID: PMC4661842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood lymphocytes are an attractive tool because there is accumulating evidence indicating that lymphocytes may be utilized as a biomarker in the field of psychiatric study as they could reveal the condition of cells distributed in the brain. Here, we measured the mRNA expression status of dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2), DRD3, and dopamine and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate regulated phosphoprotein-32 (DARPP-32) in T lymphocytes of patients with early psychosis by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and explored the relationships between their mRNA levels and the psychopathological status of patients. The present study demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of DRD3 in T lymphocytes were significantly different among controls, and in patients with psychotic disorder not otherwise specified (NOS) and schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder. However, no significant differences in mRNA expression levels of DRD2 and DARPP-32 were found among the three groups. We found a significant positive correlation between the DRD2 mRNA level and the score of the excited factor of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in patients with schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder. These findings suggest that DRD3 mRNA levels may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker differentiating patients with early psychosis from controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
| | - Vishwanath Prabhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
| | - Thong Ba Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
| | - Binod Kumar Yadav
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
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Mitochondrial complex I and III mRNA levels in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2015; 184:160-3. [PMID: 26093828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies that have focused on the mitochondrial electron transport chain indicate that bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with pathology in mitochondrial function. These pathological processes occur in the brain circuits that regulate affective functions, emotions, and motor behaviors. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between mitochondrial complex dysfunction and BD. METHODS The BD group included 32 male patients diagnosed with first-episode manic BD. The control group included 35 sociodemographically matched healthy males. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was isolated from peripheral blood samples obtained from the patients and control group, and the mRNA levels of the NDUFV1, NDUFV2, and NDUFS1 genes of mitochondrial complex I and the UQCR10 gene of mitochondrial complex III were investigated. RESULTS Significant differences were identified in complex I gene mRNA levels between the BD group (n = 32) and the control group (n = 35) for the following genes: NDUFV1 (P = 0.01), NDUFV2 (P < 0.01), and NDUFS1 (P = 0.02). The UQCR10 gene (complex III) mRNA level did not differ between the groups (P = 0.1). The mRNA levels of the four genes studied were lower at the 3-month follow-up; however, these differences were not significant (P > 0.05). LIMITATIONS All of the BD patients were in manic episodes; thus, we were unable to separately compare these levels with those during depressive and euthymic episodes. CONCLUSIONS The mRNA levels of all of the genes representing the subunits of mitochondrial complex I (NDUFV1, NDUFV2, and NDUFS1) were significantly higher in the present study's BD patients during manic episodes than in the controls. With the data obtained from further research, biomarkers that could be used for the diagnosis and follow-up of neuropsychiatric disorders may be discovered.
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Adaptive Immunity in Schizophrenia: Functional Implications of T Cells in the Etiology, Course and Treatment. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2015; 10:610-9. [PMID: 26162591 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-015-9626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe and highly complex neurodevelopmental disorder with an unknown etiopathology. Recently, immunopathogenesis has emerged as one of the most compelling etiological models of schizophrenia. Over the past few years considerable research has been devoted to the role of innate immune responses in schizophrenia. The findings of such studies have helped to conceptualize schizophrenia as a chronic low-grade inflammatory disorder. Although the contribution of adaptive immune responses has also been emphasized, however, the precise role of T cells in the underlying neurobiological pathways of schizophrenia is yet to be ascertained comprehensively. T cells have the ability to infiltrate brain and mediate neuro-immune cross-talk. Conversely, the central nervous system and the neurotransmitters are capable of regulating the immune system. Neurotransmitter like dopamine, implicated widely in schizophrenia risk and progression can modulate the proliferation, trafficking and functions of T cells. Within brain, T cells activate microglia, induce production of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as reactive oxygen species and subsequently lead to neuroinflammation. Importantly, such processes contribute to neuronal injury/death and are gradually being implicated as mediators of neuroprogressive changes in schizophrenia. Antipsychotic drugs, commonly used to treat schizophrenia are also known to affect adaptive immune system; interfere with the differentiation and functions of T cells. This understanding suggests a pivotal role of T cells in the etiology, course and treatment of schizophrenia and forms the basis of this review.
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Vousooghi N, Zarei SZ, Sadat-Shirazi MS, Eghbali F, Zarrindast MR. mRNA expression of dopamine receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes of computer game addicts. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 122:1391-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1408-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Xu Y, Chen XT, Luo M, Tang Y, Zhang G, Wu D, Yang B, Ruan DY, Wang HL. Multiple epigenetic factors predict the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder among the Chinese Han children. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 64:40-50. [PMID: 25840828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood. Despite its prevalence, the critical factors involved in its development remain to be identified. It was recently suggested that epigenetic mechanisms probably contribute to the etiology of ADHD. The present study was designed to examine the associations of epigenetic markers with ADHD among Chinese Han children, aiming to establish the prediction model for this syndrome from the epigenetic perspective. We conducted a pair-matching case-control study, and the ADHD children were systematically evaluated via structured diagnostic interviews, including caregiver interviews, based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, revised criteria (DSM-IV-R). The expression levels of risk genes DAT1, DRD4, DRD5, as well as their promoter methylation, were determined respectively, followed by the expression profiles of histone-modifying genes p300, MYST4, HDAC1, MeCP2. The multivariate logistic regressions were performed to establish ADHD prediction models. All of the seven genes tested were identified as risk factors for ADHD. The methylation of one critical CpG site located upstream of DRD4 was shown to affect its transcription, suggesting a role in ADHD's development. Aberrant DNA methylation and histone acetylation were indicated in ADHD patients. In addition, a prediction model was established using the combination of p300, MYST4 and HDAC1, with the accuracy of 0.9338. This is, to our knowledge, the first study to clearly demonstrate the associations between epigenetic markers and ADHD, shedding light on the preliminary diagnosis and etiological studies of this widespread disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230009, PR China.
| | - Xiang-Tao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230031, PR China.
| | - Man Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230009, PR China.
| | - Yuqing Tang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230009, PR China.
| | - Guangxiang Zhang
- Biostatistics and Data Management Core, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - De Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230022, PR China.
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Child Neurology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230031, PR China.
| | - Di-Yun Ruan
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230009, PR China; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China.
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230009, PR China.
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Khandaker GM, Cousins L, Deakin J, Lennox BR, Yolken R, Jones PB. Inflammation and immunity in schizophrenia: implications for pathophysiology and treatment. Lancet Psychiatry 2015; 2:258-270. [PMID: 26359903 PMCID: PMC4595998 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(14)00122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Complex interactions between the immune system and the brain might have important aetiological and therapeutic implications for neuropsychiatric brain disorders. A possible association between schizophrenia and the immune system was postulated over a century ago, and is supported by epidemiological and genetic studies pointing to links with infection and inflammation. Contrary to the traditional view that the brain is an immunologically privileged site shielded behind the blood-brain barrier, studies in the past 20 years have noted complex interactions between the immune system, systemic inflammation, and the brain, which can lead to changes in mood, cognition, and behaviour. In this Review, we describe some of the important areas of research regarding innate and adaptive immune response in schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders that, we think, will be of interest to psychiatric clinicians and researchers. We discuss potential mechanisms and therapeutic implications of these findings, including studies of anti-inflammatory drugs in schizophrenia, describe areas for development, and offer testable hypotheses for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam M Khandaker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lesley Cousins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia Deakin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Robert Yolken
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Melnikov MV, Pashchekov МV, Boyко AN. Psychoneuroimmunology and multiple sclerosis. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2015; 115:8-15. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2015115228-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Dai D, Cheng J, Zhou K, Lv Y, Zhuang Q, Zheng R, Zhang K, Jiang D, Gao S, Duan S. Significant association between DRD3 gene body methylation and schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2014; 220:772-7. [PMID: 25262640 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The current study was the first one to reveal the contribution of DRD3 methylation to the risk of different (SCZ) subtypes. This study comprised a total of 30 paranoid (15 males and 15 females) and 29 undifferentiated (15 males and 14 females) SCZ patients and 26 age- and gender-matched controls. Our results showed a significant association of CpG2 with SCZ. A breakdown analysis by gender showed that CpG2 and CpG3 methylation were significantly higher in male patients than male controls, and that CpG5 methylation was significantly higher in female patients than female controls. A further breakdown analysis by both gender and SCZ subtype showed that CpG2 and CpG3 methylation were significantly higher in male paranoid SCZ and male undifferentiated SCZ than male controls. In contrast, CpG2 and CpG3 methylation were significantly lower in female undifferentiated SCZ than female controls. Additionally, CpG5 methylation was significantly higher in female paranoid SCZ than female controls. In conclusion, our findings supported that DRD3 gene body hypermethylation was significantly associated with the risk of SCZ. Future study is needed to clarify the mechanisms by which DRD3 gene body hypermethylation contributes to the risk of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjun Dai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China.
| | - Kena Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yuelong Lv
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Qidong Zhuang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Rongjiong Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Danjie Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Shugui Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China.
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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Rasgrf2 controls dopaminergic adaptations to alcohol in mice. Brain Res Bull 2014; 109:143-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Santoro ML, Ota VK, Stilhano RS, Silva PN, Santos CM, Diana MC, Gadelha A, Bressan RA, Melaragno MI, Han SW, Abílio VC, Belangero SI. Effect of antipsychotic drugs on gene expression in the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Schizophr Res 2014; 157:163-8. [PMID: 24893910 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are the standard treatment for schizophrenia. The therapeutic effect of these drugs is dependent upon the dopaminergic D2 blockade, but they also modulate other neurotransmitter pathways. The exact mechanisms underlying the clinical response to APDs are not fully understood. In this study, we compared three groups of animals for the expression of 84 neurotransmitter genes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Each group was treated with a different APD (risperidone, clozapine or haloperidol), and with a non-treated group of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), which is an animal model for schizophrenia. This study also explored whether or not differential expression was regulated by DNA methylation in the promoter region (PR). In the clozapine group, we found that Chrng was downregulated in the NAcc and six genes were downregulated in the PFC. In the haloperidol group, Brs3 and Glra1 were downregulated, as was Drd2 in the clozapine group and Drd3, Galr3 and Gabrr1 in the clozapine and haloperidol groups. We also encountered four hypermethylated CG sites in the Glra1 PR, as well as three in the risperidone group and another in the haloperidol group, when compared to non-treated rats. Following the APD treatment, the gene expression results revealed the involvement of genes that had not previously been described, in addition to the activity of established genes. The investigation of the involvement of these novel genes can lead to better understanding about the specific mechanisms of action of the individual APDs studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Leite Santoro
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitao da Cunha, 1° andar, CEP 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Kiyomi Ota
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitao da Cunha, 1° andar, CEP 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Sessa Stilhano
- Department of Biophysics and Investigation Center for Gene Therapy, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Mirassol 207, CEP:04044-010, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Natália Silva
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitao da Cunha, 1° andar, CEP 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Maurício Santos
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 5th floor, CEP: 04039032, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cepollaro Diana
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 5th floor, CEP: 04039032, Brazil
| | - Ary Gadelha
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Melaragno
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitao da Cunha, 1° andar, CEP 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sang Won Han
- Department of Biophysics and Investigation Center for Gene Therapy, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Mirassol 207, CEP:04044-010, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Costhek Abílio
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 5th floor, CEP: 04039032, Brazil
| | - Sintia Iole Belangero
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitao da Cunha, 1° andar, CEP 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ferretjans R, de Campos SM, Ribeiro-Santos R, Guimarães FC, de Oliveira K, Cardoso ACA, Araújo MS, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Teixeira AL, Salgado JV. Cognitive performance and peripheral endocannabinoid system receptor expression in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2014; 156:254-60. [PMID: 24853061 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric syndrome characterized by generalized cognitive deficits that are associated with functional impairment. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) modulates neurotransmission and neuronal plasticity and is important for cognitive functioning. Evidence points to the involvement of this neuromodulatory system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and that alteration of the ECS on peripheral lymphocytes could reflect central changes. The objective of this study was to compare levels of peripheral endocannabinoid receptor expression in patients with schizophrenia and healthy subjects and find evidence of association between peripheral expression of those receptors and cognitive performance. Patients with stabilized schizophrenia (N=53) and controls (N=22) underwent clinical and cognitive evaluation, and assessment of cannabinoid receptor expression on the surface of peripheral immune cells (lymphocytes, natural killer cells and monocytes) by flow cytometry. Patients with schizophrenia had lower levels of cannabinoid receptor expression on total T lymphocytes, but after controlling for possible confounders this difference did not remain significant. In patients, increased cannabinoid receptor expression on lymphocytes and monocytes was significantly correlated with worst cognitive performance. These data provide additional evidence of the involvement of the ECS in the pathophysiology of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ferretjans
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG, Brazil; Hospital de Ensino Instituto Raul Soares, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), MG, Brazil.
| | - Salvina Maria de Campos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG, Brazil; Hospital de Ensino Instituto Raul Soares, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ribeiro-Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG, Brazil; Hospital de Ensino Instituto Raul Soares, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Carneiro Guimarães
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG, Brazil; Hospital de Ensino Instituto Raul Soares, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), MG, Brazil
| | - Keliane de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG, Brazil; Hospital de Ensino Instituto Raul Soares, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecília Alves Cardoso
- Hospital de Ensino Instituto Raul Soares, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), MG, Brazil; Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Antonio L Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG, Brazil; Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG, Brazil
| | - João V Salgado
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG, Brazil; Hospital de Ensino Instituto Raul Soares, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), MG, Brazil; Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG, Brazil.
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Kuric E, Ruscher K. Reduction of rat brain CD8+ T-cells by levodopa/benserazide treatment after experimental stroke. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:2463-70. [PMID: 24754803 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The activation of inflammatory cascades in the ischemic hemisphere impairs mechanisms of tissue reorganization with consequences for recovery of lost neurological function. Recruitment of T-cell populations to the post-ischemic brain occurs and represents a significant part of the inflammatory response. This study was conducted to investigate if treatment with levodopa, potentially acting as an immunomodulator, affects the T-cell accumulation in the post-ischemic brain. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (tMCAO) for 105 min followed by levodopa/benserazide treatment (20 mg/kg/15 mg/kg) for 5 days initiated on day 2 post-stroke. One week after tMCAO, T-cell populations were analysed from brains, and levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1, IL-4, IL-5, interferon gamma and IL-13 were analysed. After levodopa/benserazide treatment, we found a significant reduction of cytotoxic T-cells (CD3+ CD8+ ) in the ischemic hemisphere together with reduced levels of T-cell-associated cytokine IL-5, while other T-cell populations (CD3+, CD3+ CD4+, CD3+ CD4+ CD25+) were unchanged compared with vehicle-treated rats. Moreover, a reduced number of cells was associated with reduced levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, expressed in endothelial cells, in the infarct core of levodopa/benserazide-treated animals. Together, we provide the first evidence that dopamine can act as a potential immunomodulator by attenuating inflammation in the post-ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enida Kuric
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, S-22184, Lund, Sweden
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47
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Reversal of stroke induced lymphocytopenia by levodopa/benserazide treatment. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 269:94-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Xiao J, Li Y, Prandovszky E, Karuppagounder SS, Talbot CC, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Yolken RH. MicroRNA-132 dysregulation in Toxoplasma gondii infection has implications for dopamine signaling pathway. Neuroscience 2014; 268:128-38. [PMID: 24657774 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Congenital toxoplasmosis and toxoplasmic encephalitis can be associated with severe neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, which host cell processes are regulated and how Toxoplasma gondii affects these changes remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA sequences critical to neurodevelopment and adult neuronal processes by coordinating the activity of multiple genes within biological networks. We examined the expression of over 1000 miRNAs in human neuroepithelioma cells in response to infection with Toxoplasma. MiR-132, a cyclic AMP-responsive element binding (CREB)-regulated miRNA, was the only miRNA that was substantially upregulated by all three prototype Toxoplasma strains. The increased expression of miR-132 was also documented in mice following infection with Toxoplasma. To identify cellular pathways regulated by miR-132, we performed target prediction followed by pathway enrichment analysis in the transcriptome of Toxoplasma-infected mice. This led us to identify 20 genes and dopamine receptor signaling was their strongest associated pathway. We then examined myriad aspects of the dopamine pathway in the striatum of Toxoplasma-infected mice 5days after infection. Here we report decreased expression of D1-like dopamine receptors (DRD1, DRD5), metabolizing enzyme (MAOA) and intracellular proteins associated with the transduction of dopamine-mediated signaling (DARPP-32 phosphorylation at Thr34 and Ser97). Increased concentrations of dopamine and its metabolites, serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were documented by HPLC analysis; however, the metabolism of dopamine was decreased and 5-HT metabolism was unchanged. Our data show that miR-132 is upregulated following infection with Toxoplasma and is associated with changes in dopamine receptor signaling. Our findings provide a possible mechanism for how the parasite contributes to the neuropathology of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xiao
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Y Li
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - E Prandovszky
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - S S Karuppagounder
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - C C Talbot
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - V L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA; Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - T M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - R H Yolken
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Nikolcheva T, Jäger S, Bush TA, Vargas G. Challenges in the development of companion diagnostics for neuropsychiatric disorders. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 11:829-37. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.11.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Nikolcheva
- Pharma Research and Early Development CNS Biomarkers Section, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Jäger
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, DBB-L, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Theresa Ambrose Bush
- Roche Diagnostics, 9115 Hague Road, PO Box 50457, Indianapolis, IN 46250-0457, USA
| | - Gabriel Vargas
- Pharma Research and Early Development CNS Biomarkers Section, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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50
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Analysis of association between dopamine receptor genes’ methylation and their expression profile with the risk of schizophrenia. Psychiatr Genet 2013; 23:183-7. [DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0b013e328363d6e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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