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Nishimura H, Elhussiny MZ, Ouchi Y, Haraguchi S, Itoh TQ, Gilbert ER, Cline MA, Nishimura S, Hosaka YZ, Takahashi E, Cockrem JF, Bungo T, Chowdhury VS. Expression and localization of the neuropeptide Y-Y4 receptor in the chick spleen: mRNA upregulation by high ambient temperature. Neuropeptides 2024; 107:102459. [PMID: 39121580 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
High ambient temperatures (HT) can increase diencephalic neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression, and central injection of NPY attenuates heat stress responses while inducing an antioxidative state in the chick spleen. However, there is a lack of knowledge about NPY receptor expression, and its regulation by HT, in the chick spleen. In the current study, male chicks were used to measure the expression of NPY receptors in the spleen and other immune organs under acute (30 vs. 40 ± 1°C for 3 h) or chronic (30 vs. 40 ± 1°C for 3 h/day for 3 days) exposure to HT and in response to central injection of NPY (47 pmol, 188 pmol, or 1 nmol). We found that NPY-Y4 receptor mRNA was expressed in the spleen, but not in other immune organs studied. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that NPY-Y4 receptors were localized in the splenic pulp. Furthermore, NPY-Y4 receptor mRNA increased in the chick spleen under both acute and chronic exposure to HT. Central NPY at two dose levels (47 and 188 pmol) and a higher dose (1 nmol) did not increase splenic NPY-Y4 receptor mRNA expression or splenic epinephrine under HT (35 ± 1°C), and significantly increased 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) concentrations under HT (40 ± 1°C). In conclusion, increased expression of NPY-Y4 receptor mRNA in the spleen under HT suggest that Y4 receptor may play physiological roles in response to HT in male chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Nishimura
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mohamed Z Elhussiny
- Division for Experimental Natural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Department of Animal & Poultry Behaviour and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Yoshimitsu Ouchi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari 794-8555, Japan
| | - Shogo Haraguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Taichi Q Itoh
- Division for Experimental Natural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Elizabeth R Gilbert
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0306, USA
| | - Mark A Cline
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0306, USA
| | - Shotaro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Z Hosaka
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Eiki Takahashi
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - John F Cockrem
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Takashi Bungo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari 794-8555, Japan
| | - Vishwajit S Chowdhury
- Division for Experimental Natural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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2
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Sam AH, Buckley AJ, Lam BYH, Bewick GA, Bech PR, Meeran K, Barakat MT, Bloom SR, Yeo GSH, Lessan NG, Murphy KG. Fasting pancreatic polypeptide predicts incident microvascular and macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes: An observational study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3829. [PMID: 38850100 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is elevated in people with vascular risk factors such as type 2 diabetes or increased visceral fat. We investigated potential relationships between PP and microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animal study: Subcutaneous PP infusion for 4 weeks in high fat diet mouse model. Retinal mRNA submitted for Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Human study: fasting PP measured in 1478 participants and vascular complications recorded over median 5.5 (IQR 4.9-5.8) years follow-up. RESULTS Animal study: The retinal transcriptional response to PP was indicative of cellular stress and damage, and this footprint matched responses described in previously published studies of retinal disease. Of mechanistic importance the transcriptional landscape was consistent with upregulation of folliculin, a recently identified susceptibility gene for diabetic retinopathy. Human study: Adjusting for established risk factors, PP was associated with prevalent and incident clinically significant retinopathy (odds ratio (OR) 1.289 (1.107-1.501) p = 0.001; hazard ratio (HR) 1.259 (1.035-1.531) p = 0.0213), albuminuria (OR 1.277 (1.124-1.454), p = 0.0002; HR 1.608 (1.208-2.141) p = 0.0011), and macrovascular disease (OR 1.021 (1.006-1.037) p = 0.0068; HR 1.324 (1.089-1.61), p = 0.0049), in individuals with type 2 diabetes, and progression to diabetes in non-diabetic individuals (HR 1.402 (1.081-1.818), p = 0.0109). CONCLUSIONS Elevated fasting PP is independently associated with vascular complications of diabetes and affects retinal pathways potentially influencing retinal neuronal survival. Our results suggest possible new roles for PP-fold peptides in the pathophysiology of diabetes complications and vascular risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Sam
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Adam J Buckley
- Research Department, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Brian Y H Lam
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gavin A Bewick
- Department of Diabetes and Obesity, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul R Bech
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Karim Meeran
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maha T Barakat
- Research Department, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stephen R Bloom
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nader G Lessan
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Research Department, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kevin G Murphy
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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3
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Zhang L, Herzog H. Important role of NPY-Y4R signalling in the dual control of feeding and physical activity. Neuropeptides 2024; 105:102425. [PMID: 38554699 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The control of feeding and physical activity is tightly linked and coordinated. However the underlying mechanisms are unclear. One of the major regulatory systems of feeding behaviour involves neuropeptide Y (NPY) signalling, with the signalling mediated through NPY Y4 receptor also known to influence activity. Here we show that mice globally lacking the Npy4r (Npy4r-/-) in the absence of access to a running wheel behaved WT-like with regards to food intake, energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio and locomotion regardless of being fed on a chow or high fat diet. Interestingly however, when given the access to a running wheel, Npy4r-/- mice while having a comparable locomotor activity, showed significantly higher wheel-running activity than WT, again regardless of dietary conditions. This higher wheel-running activity in Npy4r-/-mice arose from an increased dark-phase running time rather than changes in number of running bouts or the running speed. Consistently, energy expenditure was higher in Npy4r-/- than WT mice. Importantly, food intake was reduced in Npy4r-/-mice under wheel access condition which was due to decreased feeding bouts rather than changes in meal size. Together, these findings demonstrate an important role of Npy4r signalling in the dual control of feeding and physical activity, particularly in the form of wheel-running activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW SYDNEY, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Herbert Herzog
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW SYDNEY, NSW 2052, Australia
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Schüß C, Behr V, Beck-Sickinger AG. Illuminating the neuropeptide Y 4 receptor and its ligand pancreatic polypeptide from a structural, functional, and therapeutic perspective. Neuropeptides 2024; 105:102416. [PMID: 38430725 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y4 receptor (Y4R), a rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and the hormone pancreatic polypeptide (PP) are members of the neuropeptide Y family consisting of four receptors (Y1R, Y2R, Y4R, Y5R) and three highly homologous peptide ligands (neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, PP). In this family, the Y4R is of particular interest as it is the only subtype with high affinity to PP over NPY. The Y4R, as a mediator of PP signaling, has a pivotal role in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis, offering potential avenues for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as obesity. PP as anorexigenic peptide is released postprandial from the pancreas in response to food intake, induces satiety signals and contributes to hamper excessive food intake. Moreover, this system was also described to be associated with different types of cancer: overexpression of Y4R have been found in human adenocarcinoma cells, while elevated levels of PP are related to the development of pancreatic endocrine tumors. The pharmacological relevance of the Y4R advanced the search for potent and selective ligands for this receptor subtype, which will be significantly progressed through the elucidation of the active state PP-Y4R cryo-EM structure. This review summarizes the development of novel PP-derived ligands, like Obinepitide as dual Y2R/Y4R agonist in clinical trials or UR-AK86c as small hexapeptide agonist with picomolar affinity, as well as the first allosteric modulators that selectively target the Y4R, e.g. VU0506013 as potent Y4R positive allosteric modulator or (S)-VU0637120 as allosteric antagonist. Here, we provide valuable insights into the complex physiological functions of the Y4R and PP and the pharmacological relevance of the system in appetite regulation to open up new avenues for the development of tool compounds for targeted therapies with potential applications in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Schüß
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Germany.
| | - Victoria Behr
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Germany
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5
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Gan HW, Cerbone M, Dattani MT. Appetite- and Weight-Regulating Neuroendocrine Circuitry in Hypothalamic Obesity. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:309-342. [PMID: 38019584 PMCID: PMC11074800 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Since hypothalamic obesity (HyOb) was first described over 120 years ago by Joseph Babinski and Alfred Fröhlich, advances in molecular genetic laboratory techniques have allowed us to elucidate various components of the intricate neurocircuitry governing appetite and weight regulation connecting the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, brainstem, adipose tissue, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract. On a background of an increasing prevalence of population-level common obesity, the number of survivors of congenital (eg, septo-optic dysplasia, Prader-Willi syndrome) and acquired (eg, central nervous system tumors) hypothalamic disorders is increasing, thanks to earlier diagnosis and management as well as better oncological therapies. Although to date the discovery of several appetite-regulating peptides has led to the development of a range of targeted molecular therapies for monogenic obesity syndromes, outside of these disorders these discoveries have not translated into the development of efficacious treatments for other forms of HyOb. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the neuroendocrine physiology of appetite and weight regulation, and explore our current understanding of the pathophysiology of HyOb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoong-Wei Gan
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Research & Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Manuela Cerbone
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Research & Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Mehul Tulsidas Dattani
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Research & Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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6
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Bale R, Doshi G. Cross talk about the role of Neuropeptide Y in CNS disorders and diseases. Neuropeptides 2023; 102:102388. [PMID: 37918268 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
A peptide composed of a 36 amino acid called Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is employed in a variety of physiological processes to manage and treat conditions affecting the endocrine, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and neurological systems. NPY naturally binds to G-protein coupled receptors, activating the Y-receptors (Y1-Y5 and y6). The findings on numerous therapeutic applications of NPY for CNS disease are presented in this review by the authors. New targets for treating diseases will be revealed by medication combinations that target NPY and its receptors. This review is mainly focused on disorders such as anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Machado Joseph disease, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, depression, migraine, alcohol use disorder, and substance use disorder. The findings from the preclinical studies and clinical studies covered in this article may help create efficient therapeutic plans to treat neurological conditions on the one hand and psychiatric disorders on the other. They may also open the door to the creation of novel NPY receptor ligands as medications to treat these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari Bale
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai 400056, India.
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7
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Schüß C, Vu O, Mishra NM, Tough IR, Du Y, Stichel J, Cox HM, Weaver CD, Meiler J, Emmitte KA, Beck-Sickinger AG. Structure-Activity Relationship Study of the High-Affinity Neuropeptide Y 4 Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulator VU0506013. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37339079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulators targeting the Y4 receptor (Y4R), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) involved in the regulation of satiety, offer great potential in anti-obesity research. In this study, we selected 603 compounds by using quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models and tested them in high-throughput screening (HTS). Here, the novel positive allosteric modulator (PAM) VU0506013 was identified, which exhibits nanomolar affinity and pronounced selectivity toward the Y4R in engineered cell lines and mouse descending colon mucosa natively expressing the Y4R. Based on this lead structure, we conducted a systematic SAR study in two regions of the scaffold and presented a series of 27 analogues with modifications in the N- and C-terminal heterocycles of the molecule to obtain insight into functionally relevant positions. By mutagenesis and computational docking, we present a potential binding mode of VU0506013 in the transmembrane core of the Y4R. VU0506013 presents a promising scaffold for developing in vivo tools to move toward anti-obesity drug research focused on the Y4R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Schüß
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Oanh Vu
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Nigam M Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
| | - Iain R Tough
- King's College London, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jan Stichel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Helen M Cox
- King's College London, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - C David Weaver
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jens Meiler
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Kyle A Emmitte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
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8
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Zhu W, Tanday N, Flatt PR, Irwin N. Pancreatic polypeptide revisited: Potential therapeutic effects in obesity-diabetes. Peptides 2023; 160:170923. [PMID: 36509169 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic polypeptide (PP), a member of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) family of peptides, is a hormone secreted from the endocrine pancreas with established actions on appetite regulation. Thus, through activation of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y4 (NPY4R or Y4) receptors PP induces satiety in animals and humans, suggesting potential anti-obesity actions. In addition, despite being actively secreted from pancreatic islets and evidence of local Y4 receptor expression, PP mediated effects on the endocrine pancreas have not been fully elucidated. To date, it appears that PP possesses an acute insulinostatic effect, similar to the impact of other peptides from the NPY family. However, it is interesting that prolonged activation of pancreatic Y1 receptors leads to established benefits on beta-cell turnover, preservation of beta-cell identity and improved insulin secretory responsiveness. This may hint towards possible similar anti-diabetic actions of sustained Y4 receptor modulation, since the Y1 and Y4 receptors trigger comparable cell signalling pathways. In terms of exploiting the prospective therapeutic promise of PP, this is severely restricted by a short circulating half-life as is the case for many regulatory peptide hormones. It follows that long-acting, enzyme resistant, forms of PP will be required to determine viability of the Y4 receptor as an anti-obesity and -diabetes drug target. The current review aims to refocus interest on the biology of PP and highlight opportunities for therapeutic development.
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9
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Tang T, Tan Q, Han S, Diemar A, Löbner K, Wang H, Schüß C, Behr V, Mörl K, Wang M, Chu X, Yi C, Keller M, Kofoed J, Reedtz-Runge S, Kaiser A, Beck-Sickinger AG, Zhao Q, Wu B. Receptor-specific recognition of NPY peptides revealed by structures of NPY receptors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm1232. [PMID: 35507650 PMCID: PMC9067930 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In response to three highly conserved neuropeptides, neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), four G protein-coupled receptors mediate multiple essential physiological processes, such as food intake, vasoconstriction, sedation, and memory retention. Here, we report the structures of the human Y1, Y2, and Y4 receptors in complex with NPY or PP, and the Gi1 protein. These structures reveal distinct binding poses of the peptide upon coupling to different receptors, reflecting the importance of the conformational plasticity of the peptide in recognizing the NPY receptors. The N terminus of the peptide forms extensive interactions with the Y1 receptor, but not with the Y2 and Y4 receptors. Supported by mutagenesis and functional studies, subtype-specific interactions between the receptors and peptides were further observed. These findings provide insight into key factors that govern NPY signal recognition and transduction, and would enable development of selective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuxiang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Anne Diemar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Löbner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hongyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Corinna Schüß
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Victoria Behr
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karin Mörl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiying Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Max Keller
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jacob Kofoed
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Anette Kaiser
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Qiang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
| | - Beili Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Morton JS, Patton B, Morse CJ, El Karsh Z, Rodrigues LA, Mousseau DD, Ferguson DP, Columbus DA, Weber LP, Olver TD. Altered cerebrovascular regulation in low birthweight swine. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 267:111163. [PMID: 35151870 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Full-term low birthweight (LBW) offspring exhibit peripheral vascular dysfunction in the postnatal period; however, whether such impairments extend to the cerebrovasculature remains to be elucidated. We used a swine model to test the hypothesis that LBW offspring would exhibit cerebrovascular dysfunction at later stages of life. Offspring from 14 sows were identified as normal birthweight (NBW) or LBW and were assessed at 28 (similar to end of infancy) and 56 (similar to childhood) days of age. LBW swine had lower absolute brain mass, but demonstrated evidence of brain sparing (increased brain mass scaled to body mass) at 56 days of age. The cerebral pulsatility index, based on transcranial Doppler, was increased in LBW swine. Moreover, arterial myography of isolated cerebral arteries revealed impaired vasoreactivity to bradykinin and reduced contribution of nitric oxide (NO) to vasorelaxation in the LBW swine. Immunoblotting demonstrated a lower ratio of phosphorylated-to-total endothelial NO synthase in LBW offspring. This impairment in NO signaling was greater at 28 vs. 56 days of age. Vasomotor responses to sodium nitroprusside (NO-donor) were unaltered, while Leu31, Pro34 neuropeptide Y-induced vasoconstriction was enhanced in LBW swine. Increases in total Y1 receptor protein content in the LBW group were not significant. In summary, LBW offspring displayed signs of cerebrovascular dysfunction at 28 and 56 days of age, evidenced by altered cerebral hemodynamics (reflective of increased impedance) coupled with endothelial dysfunction and altered vasomotor control. Overall, the data reveal that normal variance in birthweight of full-term offspring can influence cerebrovascular function later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude S Morton
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Breanna Patton
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Cameron J Morse
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Zeyad El Karsh
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lucas A Rodrigues
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Prairie Swine Center, Inc., Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Darrell D Mousseau
- Cell Signalling Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - David P Ferguson
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Daniel A Columbus
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Prairie Swine Center, Inc., Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lynn P Weber
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - T Dylan Olver
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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11
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Konieczny A, Conrad M, Ertl FJ, Gleixner J, Gattor AO, Grätz L, Schmidt MF, Neu E, Horn AHC, Wifling D, Gmeiner P, Clark T, Sticht H, Keller M. N-Terminus to Arginine Side-Chain Cyclization of Linear Peptidic Neuropeptide Y Y 4 Receptor Ligands Results in Picomolar Binding Constants. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16746-16769. [PMID: 34748345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The family of neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors comprises four subtypes (Y1R, Y2R, Y4R, Y5R), which are addressed by at least three endogenous peptides, i.e., NPY, peptide YY, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), the latter showing a preference for Y4R. A series of cyclic oligopeptidic Y4R ligands were prepared by applying a novel approach, i.e., N-terminus to arginine side-chain cyclization. Most peptides acted as Y4R partial agonists, showing up to 60-fold higher Y4R affinity compared to the linear precursor peptides. Two cyclic hexapeptides (18, 24) showed higher Y4R potency (Ca2+ aequorin assay) and, with pKi values >10, also higher Y4R affinity compared to human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP). Compounds such as 18 and 24, exhibiting considerably lower molecular weight and considerably more pronounced Y4R selectivity than PP and previously described dimeric peptidic ligands with high Y4R affinity, represent promising leads for the preparation of labeled tool compounds and might support the development of drug-like Y4R ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Konieczny
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian J Ertl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Gleixner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Albert O Gattor
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Grätz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian F Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eduard Neu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer-Chemistry-Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anselm H C Horn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Wifling
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer-Chemistry-Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max Keller
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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12
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Zhang Y, Liu CY, Chen WC, Shi YC, Wang CM, Lin S, He HF. Regulation of neuropeptide Y in body microenvironments and its potential application in therapies: a review. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:151. [PMID: 34344469 PMCID: PMC8330085 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), one of the most abundant neuropeptides in the body, is widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and acts on the cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, and nervous systems. NPY affects the nutritional and inflammatory microenvironments through its interaction with immune cells, brain-derived trophic factor (BDNF), and angiogenesis promotion to maintain body homeostasis. Additionally, NPY has great potential for therapeutic applications against various diseases, especially as an adjuvant therapy for stem cells. In this review, we discuss the research progress regarding NPY, as well as the current evidence for the regulation of NPY in each microenvironment, and provide prospects for further research on related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Chu-Yun Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Wei-Can Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Cong-Mei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China. .,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - He-Fan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
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13
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Zhang L, Gopalasingam G, Herzog H. Ninjin'yoeito, a herbal medicine, enhances glucose tolerance in mice. Neuropeptides 2021; 88:102150. [PMID: 33895618 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes increases under conditions of obesity but also due to aging. While a variety of treatment options are being explored there are still many unanswered questions about the underlying mechanisms for the aetiology and progression of this illness. Here we show that pre-treatment with Ninjin'yoeito (NYT), a herbal medicine composed of 12 different ingrediencies, before a glucose challenge results in significantly improved glucose tolerance. This occurs in the absence of significant alterations in insulin excursion compared to vehicle treatment, indicating NYT improves insulin responsiveness and/or insulin-independent glucose disposal. Furthermore, we identify Ginseng - one of the 12 ingredients of NYT - as one key component contributing to NYT's effect on glucose clearance. Importantly, lack of Y4 receptor signalling abolishes the positive effects of NYT on glucose tolerance suggesting Y4 receptor-controlled pathways are crucial in mediating this action of NYT. Using c-fos as neuronal activation marker, we show NYT activates the area postrema - a circumventricular organ in the brainstem that expresses high level of Y4 receptors, supporting an involvement of brainstem Y4 signalling in NYT-activated central networks. Together, these data suggest that NYT is a positive influencer of glucose metabolism in insulin-sensitive tissues and the mechanistic actions of NYT include brainstem Y4 circuitries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Gopana Gopalasingam
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Kaiser A, Wanka L, Ziffert I, Beck-Sickinger AG. Biased agonists at the human Y 1 receptor lead to prolonged membrane residency and extended receptor G protein interaction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4675-4691. [PMID: 31919571 PMCID: PMC11104783 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Functionally selective ligands to address specific cellular responses downstream of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) open up new possibilities for therapeutics. We designed and characterized novel subtype- and pathway-selective ligands. Substitution of position Q34 of neuropeptide Y to glycine (G34-NPY) results in unprecedented selectivity over all other YR subtypes. Moreover, this ligand displays a significant bias towards activation of the Gi/o pathway over recruitment of arrestin-3. Notably, no bias is observed for an established Y1R versus Y2R selective ligand carrying a proline at position 34 (F7,P34-NPY). Next, we investigated the spatio-temporal signaling at the Y1R and demonstrated that G protein-biased ligands promote a prolonged localization at the cell membrane, which leads to enhanced G protein signaling, while endosomal receptors do not contribute to cAMP signaling. Thus, spatial components are critical for the signaling of the Y1R that can be modulated by tailored ligands and represent a novel mode for biased pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Kaiser
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lizzy Wanka
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabelle Ziffert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette G Beck-Sickinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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15
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Yañez-Guerra LA, Zhong X, Moghul I, Butts T, Zampronio CG, Jones AM, Mirabeau O, Elphick MR. Echinoderms provide missing link in the evolution of PrRP/sNPF-type neuropeptide signalling. eLife 2020; 9:57640. [PMID: 32579512 PMCID: PMC7314547 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide signalling systems comprising peptide ligands and cognate receptors are evolutionarily ancient regulators of physiology and behaviour. However, there are challenges associated with determination of orthology between neuropeptides in different taxa. Orthologs of vertebrate neuropeptide-Y (NPY) known as neuropeptide-F (NPF) have been identified in protostome invertebrates, whilst prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) and short neuropeptide-F (sNPF) have been identified as paralogs of NPY/NPF in vertebrates and protostomes, respectively. Here we investigated the occurrence of NPY/NPF/PrRP/sNPF-related signalling systems in a deuterostome invertebrate phylum - the Echinodermata. Analysis of transcriptome/genome sequence data revealed loss of NPY/NPF-type signalling, but orthologs of PrRP-type neuropeptides and sNPF/PrRP-type receptors were identified in echinoderms. Furthermore, experimental studies revealed that the PrRP-type neuropeptide pQDRSKAMQAERTGQLRRLNPRF-NH2 is a potent ligand for a sNPF/PrRP-type receptor in the starfish Asterias rubens. Our findings indicate that PrRP-type and sNPF-type signalling systems are orthologous and originated as a paralog of NPY/NPF-type signalling in Urbilateria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xingxing Zhong
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ismail Moghul
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Butts
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cleidiane G Zampronio
- School of Life Sciences and Proteomics Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M Jones
- School of Life Sciences and Proteomics Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maurice R Elphick
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Seki S, Tanaka S, Yamada S, Tsuji T, Enomoto A, Ono Y, Chandler SH, Kogo M. Neuropeptide Y modulates membrane excitability in neonatal rat mesencephalic V neurons. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:921-935. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soju Seki
- The 1st Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka University Suita Japan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology and the Brain Research Institute University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Susumu Tanaka
- The 1st Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka University Suita Japan
| | - Saori Yamada
- The 1st Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka University Suita Japan
| | - Tadataka Tsuji
- The 1st Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka University Suita Japan
| | - Akifumi Enomoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Medicine Kindai University Osakasayama Japan
| | - Yudai Ono
- The 1st Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka University Suita Japan
| | - Scott H. Chandler
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology and the Brain Research Institute University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Mikihiko Kogo
- The 1st Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka University Suita Japan
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17
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Gumbs MCR, Eggels L, Kool T, Unmehopa UA, van den Heuvel JK, Lamuadni K, Mul JD, la Fleur SE. Neuropeptide Y Signaling in the Lateral Hypothalamus Modulates Diet Component Selection and is Dysregulated in a Model of Diet-Induced Obesity. Neuroscience 2019; 447:28-40. [PMID: 31887359 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The preclinical multicomponent free-choice high-fat high-sucrose (fcHFHS) diet has strong validity to model diet-induced obesity (DIO) and associated maladaptive molecular changes in the central nervous system. fcHFHS-induced obese rats demonstrate increased sensitivity to intracerebroventricular infusion of the orexigenic Neuropeptide Y (NPY). The brain region-specific effects of NPY signaling on fcHFHS diet component selection are not completely understood. For example, fcHFHS-fed rats have increased intake of chow and fat following intracerebroventricular NPY infusion, whereas NPY administration in the nucleus accumbens, a key hub of the reward circuitry, specifically increases fat intake. Here, we investigated whether NPY infusion in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), which is crucially involved in the regulation of intake, regulates fcHFHS component selection, and if LHA NPY receptor subtypes 1 or 5 (NPYR1/5) are involved. Male Wistar rats were fed a chow or fcHFHS diet for at least seven days, and received intra-LHA vehicle or NPY infusions in a cross-over design. Diet component intake was measured two hours later. Separate experimental designs were used to test the efficacy of NPY1R- or NPY5R antagonism to prevent the orexigenic effects of intra-LHA NPY. Intra-LHA NPY increased caloric intake in chow- and fcHFHS-fed rats. This effect was mediated specifically by chow intake in fcHFHS-fed rats. The orexigenic effects of intra-LHA NPY were prevented by NPY1R and NPY5R antagonism in chow-fed rats, but only by NPY5R antagonism in fcHFHS-fed rats. Thus, NPY signaling has brain region-specific effects on fcHFHS component selection and LHA NPYR sensitivity is dysregulated during consumption of a fcHFHS diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C R Gumbs
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Eggels
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Kool
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - U A Unmehopa
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J K van den Heuvel
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Lamuadni
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J D Mul
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S E la Fleur
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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18
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Wittrisch S, Klöting N, Mörl K, Chakaroun R, Blüher M, Beck-Sickinger AG. NPY 1R-targeted peptide-mediated delivery of a dual PPARα/γ agonist to adipocytes enhances adipogenesis and prevents diabetes progression. Mol Metab 2019; 31:163-180. [PMID: 31918918 PMCID: PMC6931124 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective PPARα/γ dual agonists have been in clinical development for the treatment of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. However, severe adverse side effects led to complications in clinical trials. As most of the beneficial effects rely on the compound activity in adipocytes, the selective targeting of this cell type is a cutting-edge strategy to develop safe anti-diabetic drugs. The goal of this study was to strengthen the adipocyte-specific uptake of the PPARα/γ agonist tesaglitazar via NPY1R-mediated internalization. Methods NPY1R-preferring peptide tesaglitazar-[F7, P34]-NPY (tesa-NPY) was synthesized by a combination of automated SPPS and manual couplings. Following molecular and functional analyses for proof of concept, cell culture experiments were conducted to monitor the effects on adipogenesis. Mice treated with peptide drug conjugates or vehicle either by gavage or intraperitoneal injection were characterized phenotypically and metabolically. Histological analysis and transcriptional profiling of the adipose tissue were performed. Results In vitro studies revealed that the tesaglitazar-[F7, P34]-NPY conjugate selectively activates PPARγ in NPY1R-expressing cells and enhances adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin expression in adipocyte precursor cells. In vivo studies using db/db mice demonstrated that the anti-diabetic activity of the peptide conjugate is as efficient as that of systemically administered tesaglitazar. Additionally, tesa-NPY induces adipocyte differentiation in vivo. Conclusions The use of the tesaglitazar-[F7, P34]-NPY conjugate is a promising strategy to apply the beneficial PPARα/γ effects in adipocytes while potentially omitting adverse effects in other tissues. Tesaglitazar-NPY targets adipocytes via NPY1R receptor-mediated internalization. Peptide-drug conjugate is specifically delivered to NPY1R-expressing cells. Release of tesaglitazar in adipocytes activates PPARγ. Drug delivery enhances adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin expression. Peptide conjugate exhibits antidiabetic activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Wittrisch
- Universität Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity, and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Karin Mörl
- Universität Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rima Chakaroun
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity, and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity, and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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19
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Kang N, Wang XL, Zhao Y. Discovery of small molecule agonists targeting neuropeptide Y4 receptor using homology modeling and virtual screening. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 94:2064-2072. [PMID: 31444845 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y4 receptor has the most significant effect on body weight and fat mass in its physiological functions, and the activation of Y4 receptor has explicit role on losing weight. The Y4 receptor has been successfully applied in the development of anti-obesity agent, thus representing a potential therapeutic target for obesity treatment. Here, we reported the first discovery of small molecule agonists targeting Y4 receptor: three Y4 receptor models with active and inactive conformations were built, each model was submitted following structure-based virtual screening, and finally six hits were identified as Y4 receptor agonists. These results confirm the reliability of the constructed Y4 receptor models and the proposed computational strategy for investigating novel Y4 receptor agonists. These new small molecule Y4 receptor agonists will contribute to the further development of Y4 agonists as potential therapeutics and functional probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxue Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Dietary supplementation with L-lysine affects body weight and blood hematological and biochemical parameters in rats. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:433-442. [PMID: 30488372 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
L-Lysine (Lys) is a popular additive in foods, but the physiological effects of excess Lys supplementation are poorly understood and upper limits of safe intake have not been established. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of dietary supplementation with increasing amounts of Lys on body weight (BW), food intake, and various blood hematological and biochemical parameters in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats at 10 weeks of age were assigned to ten diet groups (eight rats/group) and fed diets containing either 7% or 20% casein and supplemented with either 0% (Control), 1.5%, 3%, 6% Lys, or 6% Lys + 3% arginine for 1 week. Rats fed 7% casein with ≥ 1.5% Lys supplementation had lower serum albumin and leptin and higher LDL cholesterol (LDLC), ratios of total cholesterol (TC):HDL cholesterol (HDLC) and LDLC:HDLC than those fed 7% casein Control diet (P < 0.05). Rats fed 7% casein diet supplemented with 3% Lys diet had lower BW gain, food intake, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, blood urea nitrogen and serum pancreatic polypeptide compared to rats fed the Control diet (P < 0.05). Addition of 6% Lys in 7% casein caused significant BW loss (P < 0.001) and altered additional parameters. Addition of 6% Lys in a 20% casein diet reduced BW gain and food intake and altered numerous parameters. Arg supplementation normalized many of the endpoints changed by Lys. Collectively, these results show that Lys supplementation affects BW, food intake and a number of hematological and biochemical parameters. These effects of Lys supplementation were confined primarily in diets with lower levels of dietary protein. In the context of a low protein diet (7% casein), levels of Lys supplementation ≥ 1.5% may exert adverse health effects in rats.
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21
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Jacques D, D'Orléans-Juste P, Magder S, Bkaily G. Neuropeptide Y and its receptors in ventricular endocardial endothelial cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1224-1229. [PMID: 28738162 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endocardial endothelial cells (EECs) constitute an important component of the heart. These cells form a monolayer that covers the cavities of the right (EECRs) and left (EECLs) ventricles. They play an important role in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling via their secretion of cardioactive factors such as neuropeptide Y (NPY). They also contribute to cardiac pathology such as arrhythmia, hypertrophy, and heart failure. Differences between EECRs and EECLs contribute to tuning of circulating factors at the entry and exit of the ventricles. NPY, via activation of its receptors, modulates the excitation-secretion coupling of EECs, thus, indirectly modulating cardiac function and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Jacques
- a Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pedro D'Orléans-Juste
- b Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Sheldon Magder
- c McGill University Health Center, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Ghassan Bkaily
- a Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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22
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Thorsell A, Mathé AA. Neuropeptide Y in Alcohol Addiction and Affective Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:178. [PMID: 28824541 PMCID: PMC5534438 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a neuropeptide highly conserved throughout evolution, is present at high levels in the central nervous system (CNS), as well as in peripheral tissues such as the gut and cardiovascular system. The peptide exerts its effects via multiple receptor subtypes, all belonging to the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. Of these subtypes, the Y1 and the Y2 are the most thoroughly characterized, followed by the Y5 subtype. NPY and its receptors have been shown to be of importance in central regulation of events underlying, for example, affective disorders, drug/alcohol use disorders, and energy homeostasis. Furthermore, within the CNS, NPY also affects sleep regulation and circadian rhythm, memory function, tissue growth, and plasticity. The potential roles of NPY in the etiology and pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders, as well as alcohol use disorders, have been extensively studied. This focus was prompted by early indications for an involvement of NPY in acute responses to stress, and, later, also data pointing to a role in alterations within the CNS during chronic, or repeated, exposure to adverse events. These functions of NPY, in addition to the peptide's regulation of disease states, suggest that modulation of the activity of the NPY system via receptor agonists/antagonists may be a putative treatment mechanism in affective disorders as well as alcohol use disorders. In this review, we present an overview of findings with regard to the NPY system in relation to anxiety and stress, acute as well as chronic; furthermore we discuss post-traumatic stress disorder and, in part depression. In addition, we summarize findings on alcohol use disorders and related behaviors. Finally, we briefly touch upon genetic as well as epigenetic mechanisms that may be of importance for NPY function and regulation. In conclusion, we suggest that modulation of NPY-ergic activity within the CNS, via ligands aimed at different receptor subtypes, may be attractive targets for treatment development for affective disorders, as well as for alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Thorsell
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Annika Thorsell,
| | - Aleksander A. Mathé
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Gao S, Zhang J, He C, Meng F, Bu G, Zhu G, Li J, Wang Y. Molecular characterization of neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors (Y1, Y4 and Y6) and investigation of the tissue expression of their ligands (NPY, PYY and PP) in chickens. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 240:46-60. [PMID: 27641685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors and its ligands, NPY, peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), are suggested to regulate many physiological processes including food intake in birds. However, our knowledge regarding this avian NPY system remains rather limited. Here, we examined the tissue expression of NPY, PYY and PP and the gene structure, expression and signaling of three NPY receptors (cY1, cY4 and cY6) in chickens. The results showed that 1) NPY is widely expressed in chicken tissues with abundance noted in the hypothalamus via quantitative real-time PCR, whereas PYY is highly expressed in the pancreas, gastrointestinal tract and various brain regions, and PP is expressed almost exclusively in the pancreas; 2) cY1, cY4 and cY6 contain novel non-coding exon(s) at their 5'-UTR; 3) The wide tissue distribution of cY1 and cY4 and cY6 were detected in chickens by quantitative real-time PCR and their expression is controlled by the promoter near exon 1, which displays strong promoter activity in DF-1 cells as demonstrated by Dual-luciferase reporter assay; 4) Monitored by luciferase reporter assays, activation of cY1 and cY4 expressed in HEK293 cells by chicken NPY1-36, PYY1-37, and PP1-36 treatment inhibits cAMP/PKA and activates MAPK/ERK signaling pathways, while cY6-expressing cells show little response to peptide treatment, indicating that cY1 and cY4, and not cY6, can transmit signals in vitro. Taken together, our study offers novel information about the expression and functionality of cY1, cY4, cY6 and their ligands in birds, and helps to decipher their conserved roles in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China; College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong 675000, PR China
| | - Jiannan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Chen He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Fengyan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Guixian Bu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
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24
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Verma D, Hörmer B, Bellmann-Sickert K, Thieme V, Beck-Sickinger AG, Herzog H, Sperk G, Tasan RO. Pancreatic polypeptide and its central Y4 receptors are essential for cued fear extinction and permanent suppression of fear. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1925-38. [PMID: 26844810 PMCID: PMC4882497 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Avoiding danger and finding food are closely related behaviours that are essential for surviving in a natural environment. Growing evidence supports an important role of gut‐brain peptides in modulating energy homeostasis and emotional‐affective behaviour. For instance, postprandial release of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) reduced food intake and altered stress‐induced motor activity and anxiety by activating central Y4 receptors. Experimental approach We characterized [K30(PEG2)]hPP2‐36 as long‐acting Y4 receptor agonist and injected it peripherally into wildtype and Y4 receptor knockout (Y4KO) C57Bl/6NCrl mice to investigate the role of Y4 receptors in fear conditioning. Extinction and relapse after extinction was measured by spontaneous recovery and renewal. Key results The Y4KO mice showed impaired cued and context fear extinction without affecting acquisition, consolidation or recall of fear. Correspondingly, peripheral injection of [K30(PEG2)]hPP2‐36 facilitated extinction learning upon fasting, an effect that was long‐lasting and generalized. Furthermore, peripherally applied [K30(PEG2)]hPP2‐36 before extinction inhibited the activation of orexin‐expressing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus in WT, but not in Y4KO mice. Conclusions and implications Our findings suggests suppression of excessive arousal as a possible mechanism for the extinction‐promoting effect of central Y4 receptors and provide strong evidence that fear extinction requires integration of vegetative stimuli with cortical and subcortical information, a process crucially depending on Y4 receptors. Importantly, in the lateral hypothalamus two peptide systems, PP and orexin, interact to generate an emotional response adapted to the current homeostatic state. Detailed investigations of feeding‐relevant genes may thus deliver multiple intervention points for treating anxiety‐related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Hörmer
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - V Thieme
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - H Herzog
- Neuroscience Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - G Sperk
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R O Tasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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25
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Aerts E, Beckers S, Zegers D, Van Hoorenbeeck K, Massa G, Verrijken A, Verhulst SL, Van Gaal LF, Van Hul W. CNV analysis and mutation screening indicate an important role for the NPY4R gene in human obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:970-6. [PMID: 26921218 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genome-wide copy number variation (CNV) analyses have associated the 10q11.22 CNV with obesity. As the NPY4R gene is the most interesting candidate gene in this region, it was hypothesized that both genetic and structural variation in NPY4R might be implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity. METHODS In the first part of this study, 326 children and adolescents with obesity and 298 healthy lean individuals were screened for CNV in the NPY4R-containing chr.10q11.22 region. In the second part of this study, a mutation screen for variants in the NPY4R coding region was performed in 356 children and adolescents with obesity and 337 healthy lean adults. RESULTS Our CNV analysis demonstrated a significantly higher frequency of NPY4R containing 10q11.22 CNV loss in the patient population (P = 0.0003), while CNV gain in this region was more prevalent in the control population (P = 0.031). Mutation analysis resulted in the identification of 15 rare non-synonymous heterozygous variants. For two variants that could only be identified in the patient population, receptor dysfunction and thus a pathogenic effect were demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these data support an essential role for genetic and structural variation within the NPY4R gene in the pathogenesis of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Aerts
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sigri Beckers
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Doreen Zegers
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Guy Massa
- Department of Pediatrics, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - An Verrijken
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stijn L Verhulst
- Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc F Van Gaal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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26
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Hunger Promotes Fear Extinction by Activation of an Amygdala Microcircuit. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:431-9. [PMID: 26062787 PMCID: PMC4579557 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Emotions control evolutionarily-conserved behavior that is central to survival in a natural environment. Imbalance within emotional circuitries, however, may result in malfunction and manifestation of anxiety disorders. Thus, a better understanding of emotional processes and, in particular, the interaction of the networks involved is of considerable clinical relevance. Although neurobiological substrates of emotionally controlled circuitries are increasingly evident, their mutual influences are not. To investigate interactions between hunger and fear, we performed Pavlovian fear conditioning in fasted wild-type mice and in mice with genetic modification of a feeding-related gene. Furthermore, we analyzed in these mice the electrophysiological microcircuits underlying fear extinction. Short-term fasting before fear acquisition specifically impaired long-term fear memory, whereas fasting before fear extinction facilitated extinction learning. Furthermore, genetic deletion of the Y4 receptor reduced appetite and completely impaired fear extinction, a phenomenon that was rescued by fasting. A marked increase in feed-forward inhibition between the basolateral and central amygdala has been proposed as a synaptic correlate of fear extinction and involves activation of the medial intercalated cells. This form of plasticity was lost in Y4KO mice. Fasting before extinction learning, however, resulted in specific activation of the medial intercalated neurons and re-established the enhancement of feed-forward inhibition in this amygdala microcircuit of Y4KO mice. Hence, consolidation of fear and extinction memories is differentially regulated by hunger, suggesting that fasting and modification of feeding-related genes could augment the effectiveness of exposure therapy and provide novel drug targets for treatment of anxiety disorders.
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27
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Li J, Tian Y, Wu A. Neuropeptide Y receptors: a promising target for cancer imaging and therapy. Regen Biomater 2015; 2:215-9. [PMID: 26816643 PMCID: PMC4669009 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbv013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was first identified from porcine brain in 1982, and plays its biological functions in humans through NPY receptors (Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5). NPY receptors are known to mediate various physiological functions and involve in a majority of human diseases, such as obesity, hypertension, epilepsy and metabolic disorders. Recently, NPY receptors have been found to be overexpressed in many cancers, so they emerged as promising target in cancer diagnosis and therapy. This review focuses on the latest research about NPY and NPY receptors, and summarizes the current knowledge on NPY receptors expression in cancers, selective ligands for NPY receptors and their application in cancer imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Division of Functional Materials and Nano Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yuchen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Division of Functional Materials and Nano Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Division of Functional Materials and Nano Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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28
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Böhme D, Beck-Sickinger AG. Controlling Toxicity of Peptide-Drug Conjugates by Different Chemical Linker Structures. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:804-14. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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29
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Aragón F, Karaca M, Novials A, Maldonado R, Maechler P, Rubí B. Pancreatic polypeptide regulates glucagon release through PPYR1 receptors expressed in mouse and human alpha-cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:343-51. [PMID: 25445712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) rise upon food intake. Although other pancreatic islet hormones, such as insulin and glucagon, have been extensively investigated, PP secretion and actions are still poorly understood. METHODS The release of PP upon glucose stimulation and the effects of PP on glucagon and insulin secretion were analyzed in isolated pancreatic islets. Expression of PP receptor (PPYR1) was investigated by immunoblotting, quantitative RT-PCR on sorted pancreatic islet cells, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In isolated mouse pancreatic islets, glucose stimulation increased PP release, while insulin secretion was up and glucagon release was down. Direct exposure of islets to PP inhibited glucagon release. In mouse islets, PPYR1 protein was observed by immunoblotting and quantitative RT-PCR revealed PPYR1 expression in the FACS-enriched glucagon alpha-cell fraction. Immunohistochemistry on pancreatic sections showed the presence of PPYR1 in alpha-cells of both mouse and human islets, while the receptor was absent in other islet cell types and exocrine pancreas. CONCLUSIONS Glucose stimulates PP secretion and PP inhibits glucagon release in mouse pancreatic islets. PP receptors are present in alpha-cells of mouse and human pancreatic islets. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These data demonstrate glucose-regulated secretion of PP and its effects on glucagon release through PPYR1 receptors expressed by alpha-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aragón
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Karaca
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Geneva University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Novials
- Diabetes Research Laboratory. IDIBAPS (Institut Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Maldonado
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Maechler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Geneva University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - B Rubí
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain.
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30
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Mäde V, Bellmann-Sickert K, Kaiser A, Meiler J, Beck-Sickinger AG. Position and length of fatty acids strongly affect receptor selectivity pattern of human pancreatic polypeptide analogues. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:2463-74. [PMID: 25156249 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a satiety-inducing gut hormone targeting predominantly the Y4 receptor within the neuropeptide Y multiligand/multireceptor family. Palmitoylated PP-based ligands have already been reported to exert prolonged satiety-inducing effects in animal models. Here, we suggest that other lipidation sites and different fatty acid chain lengths may affect receptor selectivity and metabolic stability. Activity tests revealed significantly enhanced potency of long fatty acid conjugates on all four Y receptors with a preference of position 22 over 30 at Y1 , Y2 and Y5 receptors. Improved Y receptor selectivity was observed for two short fatty acid analogues. Moreover, [K(30)(E-Prop)]hPP2-36 (15) displayed enhanced stability in blood plasma and liver homogenates. Thus, short chain lipidation of hPP at key residue 30 is a promising approach for anti-obesity therapy because of maintained selectivity and a sixfold increased plasma half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Mäde
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig (Germany), Fax: (+49) 341-97-36909
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31
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Kim W, Fiori JL, Shin YK, Okun E, Kim JS, Rapp PR, Egan JM. Pancreatic polypeptide inhibits somatostatin secretion. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:3233-9. [PMID: 25019573 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a major agonist for neuropeptide Y4 receptors (NPY4R). While NPY4R has been identified in various tissues, the cells on which it is expressed and its function in those cells has not been clearly delineated. Here we report that NPY4R is present in all somatostatin-containing cells of tissues that we tested, including pancreatic islets, duodenum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Its agonism by PP decreases somatostatin secretion from human islets. Mouse embryonic hippocampal (mHippo E18) cells expressed NPY4Rs and their activation by PP consistently decreased somatostatin secretion. Furthermore, central injection of PP in mice induced c-Fos immunoreactivity in somatostatin-containing cells in the hippocampus compared with PBS-injected mice. In sum, our results identify PP as a pivotal modulator of somatostatin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Jennifer L Fiori
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yu-Kyong Shin
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Eitan Okun
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Jung Seok Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Peter R Rapp
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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32
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Pedragosa-Badia X, Sliwoski GR, Dong Nguyen E, Lindner D, Stichel J, Kaufmann KW, Meiler J, Beck-Sickinger AG. Pancreatic polypeptide is recognized by two hydrophobic domains of the human Y4 receptor binding pocket. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:5846-59. [PMID: 24375409 PMCID: PMC3937655 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.502021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural characterization of the human Y4 receptor (hY4R) interaction with human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) is crucial, not only for understanding its biological function but also for testing treatment strategies for obesity that target this interaction. Here, the interaction of receptor mutants with pancreatic polypeptide analogs was studied through double-cycle mutagenesis. To guide mutagenesis and interpret results, a three-dimensional comparative model of the hY4R-hPP complex was constructed based on all available class A G protein-coupled receptor crystal structures and refined using experimental data. Our study reveals that residues of the hPP and the hY4R form a complex network consisting of ionic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and hydrogen binding. Residues Tyr(2.64), Asp(2.68), Asn(6.55), Asn(7.32), and Phe(7.35) of Y4R are found to be important in receptor activation by hPP. Specifically, Tyr(2.64) interacts with Tyr(27) of hPP through hydrophobic contacts. Asn(7.32) is affected by modifications on position Arg(33) of hPP, suggesting a hydrogen bond between these two residues. Likewise, we find that Phe(7.35) is affected by modifications of hPP at positions 33 and 36, indicating interactions between these three amino acids. Taken together, we demonstrate that the top of transmembrane helix 2 (TM2) and the top of transmembrane helices 6 and 7 (TM6-TM7) form the core of the peptide binding pocket. These findings will contribute to the rational design of ligands that bind the receptor more effectively to produce an enhanced agonistic or antagonistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Pedragosa-Badia
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany and
| | - Gregory R. Sliwoski
- the Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-8725
| | - Elizabeth Dong Nguyen
- the Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-8725
| | - Diana Lindner
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany and
| | - Jan Stichel
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany and
| | - Kristian W. Kaufmann
- the Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-8725
| | - Jens Meiler
- the Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-8725
| | - Annette G. Beck-Sickinger
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany and
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33
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Alexander SPH, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Spedding M, Peters JA, Harmar AJ. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: G protein-coupled receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:1459-581. [PMID: 24517644 PMCID: PMC3892287 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen PH Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical SchoolNottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Helen E Benson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of DundeeDundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Anthony J Harmar
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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Xu B, Fällmar H, Boukharta L, Pruner J, Lundell I, Mohell N, Gutiérrez-de-Terán H, Aqvist J, Larhammar D. Mutagenesis and computational modeling of human G-protein-coupled receptor Y2 for neuropeptide Y and peptide YY. Biochemistry 2013; 52:7987-98. [PMID: 24111902 DOI: 10.1021/bi400830c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y and peptide YY receptor type 2 (Y2) is involved in appetite regulation and several other physiological processes. We have investigated the structure of the human Y2 receptor. Computational modeling of receptor-agonist interactions was used as a guide to design a series of receptor mutants, followed by binding assays using full-length and truncated peptide agonists and the Y2-specific antagonist BIIE0246. Our model suggested a hydrogen bond network among highly conserved residues Thr2.61, Gln3.32, and His7.39, which could play roles in ligand binding and/or receptor structure. In addition, the C-terminus of the peptide could make contact with residues Tyr5.38 and Leu6.51. Mutagenesis of all these positions, followed by binding assays, provides experimental support for our computational model: most of the mutants for the residues forming the proposed hydrogen bond network displayed reduced peptide agonist affinities as well as reduced hPYY3-36 potency in a functional assay. The Ala and Leu mutants of Gln3.32 and His7.39 disrupted membrane expression of the receptor. Combined with the modeling, the experimental results support roles for these hydrogen bond network residues in peptide binding as well as receptor architecture. The reduced agonist affinity for mutants of Tyr5.38 and Leu6.51 supports their role in a binding pocket surrounding the invariant tyrosine at position 36 of the peptide ligands. The results for antagonist BIIE0246 suggest several differences in interactions compared to those of the peptides. Our results lead to a new structural model for NPY family receptors and peptide binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 593, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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NPY Y1 receptors differentially modulate GABAA and NMDA receptors via divergent signal-transduction pathways to reduce excitability of amygdala neurons. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:1352-64. [PMID: 23358240 PMCID: PMC3656378 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) administration into the basolateral amygdala (BLA) decreases anxiety-like behavior, mediated in part through the Y1 receptor (Y1R) isoform. Activation of Y1Rs results in G-protein-mediated reduction of cAMP levels, which results in reduced excitability of amygdala projection neurons. Understanding the mechanisms linking decreased cAMP levels to reduced excitability in amygdala neurons is important for identifying novel anxiolytic targets. We studied the intracellular mechanisms of activation of Y1Rs on synaptic transmission in the BLA. Activating Y1Rs by [Leu(31),Pro(34)]-NPY (L-P NPY) reduced the amplitude of evoked NMDA-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs), without affecting AMPA-mediated eEPSCs, but conversely increased the amplitude of GABAA-mediated evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (eIPSCs). Both effects were abolished by the Y1R antagonist, PD160170. Intracellular GDP-β-S, or pre-treatment with either forskolin or 8Br-cAMP, eliminated the effects of L-P NPY on both NMDA- and GABAA-mediated currents. Thus, both the NMDA and GABAA effects of Y1R activation in the BLA are G-protein-mediated and cAMP-dependent. Pipette inclusion of protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunit blocked the effect of L-P NPY on GABAA-mediated eIPSCs, but not on NMDA-mediated eEPSCs. Conversely, activating the exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac) with 8CPT-2Me-cAMP blocked the effect of L-P NPY on NMDA-mediated eEPSCs, but not on GABAA-mediated eIPSCs. Thus, NPY regulates amygdala excitability via two signal-transduction events, with reduced PKA activity enhancing GABAA-mediated eIPSCs and Epac deactivation reducing NMDA-mediated eEPSCs. This multipathway regulation of NMDA- and GABAA-mediated currents may be important for NPY plasticity and stress resilience in the amygdala.
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Siljee JE, Unmehopa UA, Kalsbeek A, Swaab DF, Fliers E, Alkemade A. Melanocortin 4 receptor distribution in the human hypothalamus. Eur J Endocrinol 2013; 168:361-9. [PMID: 23211571 DOI: 10.1530/eje-12-0750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is an essential regulator of energy homeostasis and metabolism, and MC4R mutations represent the most prevalent monogenetic cause of obesity in humans known to date. Hypothalamic MC4Rs in rodents are well characterized in neuroanatomical and functional terms, but their expression pattern in the human hypothalamus is unknown. DESIGN AND METHODS To determine the topographic distribution and identity of cells expressing MC4R mRNA in the human hypothalamus, locked nucleic acid in situ hybridization was performed on nine human postmortem hypothalami. In addition, co-expression of MC4R with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vasopressin/oxytocin (AVP/OXT), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related protein (AgRP), and α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) was examined. RESULTS Most intense MC4R mRNA expression was present in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), the supraoptic nucleus (SON), and the nucleus basalis of Meynert. Most MC4R-positive cells in the SON also expressed AVP/OXT. Co-expression with AVP/OXT in the PVN was less abundant. We did not observe co-expression of MC4R mRNA and GFAP, CRH, NPY, AgRP, or α-MSH. However, fiber-like staining of NPY, AgRP, and α-MSH was found adjacent to MC4R-positive cells in the PVN. CONCLUSION Expression of MC4R mRNA in the human hypothalamus is widespread and in close approximation to endogenous MC4R binding partners AgRP and α-MSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Siljee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Room G2-118, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Pedragosa-Badia X, Stichel J, Beck-Sickinger AG. Neuropeptide Y receptors: how to get subtype selectivity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:5. [PMID: 23382728 PMCID: PMC3563083 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y (NPY) system is a multireceptor/multiligand system consisting of four receptors in humans (hY(1), hY(2), hY(4), hY(5)) and three agonists (NPY, PYY, PP) that activate these receptors with different potency. The relevance of this system in diseases like obesity or cancer, and the different role that each receptor plays influencing different biological processes makes this system suitable for the design of subtype selectivity studies. In this review we focus on the latest findings within the NPY system, we summarize recent mutagenesis studies, structure activity relationship studies, receptor chimera, and selective ligands focusing also on the binding mode of the native agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annette G. Beck-Sickinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Universität LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
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Pérez-Fernández J, Megías M, Pombal MA. Distribution of a Y1 receptor mRNA in the brain of two Lamprey species, the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and the river Lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis). J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:426-47. [PMID: 22740099 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y system consists of several neuropeptides acting through a broad number of receptor subtypes, the NPY family of receptors. NPY receptors are divided into three subfamilies (Y1, Y2, and Y5) that display a complex evolutionary history due to local and large-scale gene duplication events and gene losses. Lampreys emerged from a basal branch of the tree of vertebrates and they are in a key position to shed light on the evolutionary history of the NPY system. One member of the Y1 subfamily has been reported in agnathans, but the phylogenetic tree of the Y1 subfamily is not yet clear. We cloned the sequences of the Y1-subtype receptor of Petromyzon marinus and Lampetra fluviatilis to study the expression pattern of this receptor in lampreys by in situ hybridization and to analyze the phylogeny of the Y1-subfamily receptors in vertebrates. The phylogenetic study showed that the Y1 receptor of lampreys is basal to the Y1/6 branch of the Y1-subfamily receptors. In situ hybridization showed that the Y1 receptor is widely expressed throughout the brain of lampreys, with some regions showing numerous positive neurons, as well as the presence of numerous cerebrospinal fluid-contacting cells in the spinal cord. This broad distribution of the lamprey Y1 receptor is more similar to that found in other vertebrates for the Y1 receptor than that of the other members of the Y1 subfamily: Y4, Y8, and Y6 receptors. Both phylogenetic relationship and expression pattern suggest that this receptor is a Y1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pérez-Fernández
- Neurolam Group, Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Hurtado MD, Acosta A, Riveros PP, Baum BJ, Ukhanov K, Brown AR, Dotson CD, Herzog H, Zolotukhin S. Distribution of Y-receptors in murine lingual epithelia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46358. [PMID: 23050020 PMCID: PMC3458857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide hormones and their cognate receptors belonging to neuropeptide Y (NPY) family mediate diverse biological functions in a number of tissues. Recently, we discovered the presence of the gut satiation peptide YY (PYY) in saliva of mice and humans and defined its role in the regulation of food intake and body weight maintenance. Here we report the systematic analysis of expression patterns of all NPY receptors (Rs), Y1R, Y2R, Y4R, and Y5R in lingual epithelia in mice. Using four independent assays, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry and RT PCR, we show that the morphologically different layers of the keratinized stratified epithelium of the dorsal layer of the tongue express Y receptors in a very distinctive yet overlapping pattern. In particular, the monolayer of basal progenitor cells expresses both Y1 and Y2 receptors. Y1Rs are present in the parabasal prickle cell layer and the granular layer, while differentiated keratinocytes display abundant Y5Rs. Y4Rs are expressed substantially in the neuronal fibers innervating the lamina propria and mechanoreceptors. Basal epithelial cells positive for Y2Rs respond robustly to PYY(3-36) by increasing intracellular Ca(2+) suggesting their possible functional interaction with salivary PYY. In taste buds of the circumvallate papillae, some taste receptor cells (TRCs) express YRs localized primarily at the apical domain, indicative of their potential role in taste perception. Some of the YR-positive TRCs are co-localized with neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), suggesting that these TRCs may have synaptic contacts with nerve terminals. In summary, we show that all YRs are abundantly expressed in multiple lingual cell types, including epithelial progenitors, keratinocytes, neuronal dendrites and TRCs. These results suggest that these receptors may be involved in the mediation of a wide variety of functions, including proliferation, differentiation, motility, taste perception and satiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D. Hurtado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Andres Acosta
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Paola P. Riveros
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bruce J. Baum
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kirill Ukhanov
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alicia R. Brown
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Cedrick D. Dotson
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Neuroscience Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sergei Zolotukhin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bkaily G, Avedanian L, Al-Khoury J, Ahmarani L, Perreault C, Jacques D. Receptors and ionic transporters in nuclear membranes: new targets for therapeutical pharmacological interventions. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:953-65. [DOI: 10.1139/y2012-077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Work from our group and other laboratories showed that the nucleus could be considered as a cell within a cell. This is based on growing evidence of the presence and role of nuclear membrane G-protein coupled receptors and ionic transporters in the nuclear membranes of many cell types, including vascular endothelial cells, endocardial endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, and hepatocytes. The nuclear membrane receptors were found to modulate the functioning of ionic transporters at the nuclear level, and thus contribute to regulation of nuclear ionic homeostasis. Nuclear membranes of the mentioned types of cells possess the same ionic transporters; however, the type of receptors is cell-type dependent. Regulation of cytosolic and nuclear ionic homeostasis was found to be dependent upon a tight crosstalk between receptors and ionic transporters of the plasma membranes and those of the nuclear membrane. This crosstalk seems to be the basis for excitation–contraction coupling, excitation–secretion coupling, and excitation – gene expression coupling. Further advancement in this field will certainly shed light on the role of nuclear membrane receptors and transporters in health and disease. This will in turn enable the successful design of a new class of drugs that specifically target such highly vital nuclear receptors and ionic transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan Bkaily
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Levon Avedanian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Johny Al-Khoury
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Lena Ahmarani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Claudine Perreault
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Danielle Jacques
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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Banerjee A, Onyuksel H. Human pancreatic polypeptide in a phospholipid-based micellar formulation. Pharm Res 2012; 29:1698-711. [PMID: 22399387 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) has important glucoregulatory functions and thereby holds significance in the treatment of diabetes and obesity. However, short plasma half-life and aggregation propensity of PP in aqueous solution, limits its therapeutic application. To address these issues, we prepared and characterized a formulation of PP in sterically stabilized micelles (SSM) that protects and stabilizes PP in its active conformation. METHODS PP-SSM was prepared by incubating PP with SSM dispersion in buffer. Peptide-micelle association and freeze-drying efficacy of the formulation was characterized in phosphate buffers with or without sodium chloride using dynamic light scattering, fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism. The degradation kinetics of PP-SSM in presence of proteolytic enzyme was determined using HPLC and bioactivity of the formulation was evaluated by in vitro cAMP inhibition study. RESULTS PP self-associated with SSM and this interaction was influenced by presence/absence of sodium chloride in the buffer. The formulation was effectively lyophilized, demonstrating feasibility for its long-term storage. The stability of peptide against proteolytic degradation was significantly improved and PP in SSM retained its bioactivity in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Self-association of PP with phospholipid micelles addressed the delivery issues of the peptide. This nanomedicine should be further developed for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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Yulyaningsih E, Zhang L, Herzog H, Sainsbury A. NPY receptors as potential targets for anti-obesity drug development. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:1170-202. [PMID: 21545413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01363.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y system has proven to be one of the most important regulators of feeding behaviour and energy homeostasis, thus presenting great potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of disorders such as obesity and at the other extreme, anorexia. Due to the initial lack of pharmacological tools that are active in vivo, functions of the different Y receptors have been mainly studied in knockout and transgenic mouse models. However, over recent years various Y receptor selective peptidic and non-peptidic agonists and antagonists have been developed and tested. Their therapeutic potential in relation to treating obesity and other disorders of energy homeostasis is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernie Yulyaningsih
- Neuroscience Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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43
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Pop N, Igel P, Brennauer A, Cabrele C, Bernhardt G, Seifert R, Buschauer A. Functional reconstitution of human neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y2and Y4receptors in Sf9 insect cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2011; 31:271-85. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2011.583253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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44
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The neuropeptide Y system: Pathophysiological and therapeutic implications in obesity and cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 131:91-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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45
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Lundell I, Rabe Bernhardt N, Johnsson AK, Larhammar D. Internalization studies of chimeric neuropeptide Y receptors Y1 and Y2 suggest complex interactions between cytoplasmic domains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 168:50-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Stanić D, Mulder J, Watanabe M, Hökfelt T. Characterization of NPY Y2 receptor protein expression in the mouse brain. II. Coexistence with NPY, the Y1 receptor, and other neurotransmitter-related molecules. J Comp Neurol 2011; 519:1219-57. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.22608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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47
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Ahrens VM, Frank R, Stadlbauer S, Beck-Sickinger AG, Hey-Hawkins E. Incorporation of ortho-Carbaboranyl-Nε-Modified l-Lysine into Neuropeptide Y Receptor Y1- and Y2-Selective Analogues. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2368-77. [DOI: 10.1021/jm101514m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verena M. Ahrens
- Universität Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig
| | - René Frank
- Universität Leipzig, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig
| | - Sven Stadlbauer
- Universität Leipzig, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig
| | | | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Universität Leipzig, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig
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Walther C, Mörl K, Beck-Sickinger AG. Neuropeptide Y receptors: ligand binding and trafficking suggest novel approaches in drug development. J Pept Sci 2011; 17:233-46. [PMID: 21351324 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
NPY, PYY and PP constitute the so-called NPY hormone family, which exert its biological functions in humans through YRs (Y₁, Y₂, Y₄ and Y₅). Systematic modulation of YR function became important as this multireceptor/multiligand system is known to mediate various essential physiological key functions and is involved in a variety of major human diseases such as epilepsy, obesity and cancer. As several YRs have been found to be overexpressed on different types of malignant tumors they emerge as promising target in modern drug development. Here, we summarize the current understanding of YRs function and the molecular mechanisms of ligand binding and trafficking. We further address recent advances in YR-based drug design, the development of promising future drug candidates and novel approaches in YR-targeted tumor diagnostics and therapy opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Walther
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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49
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Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is widely distributed in the human body and contributes to a vast number of physiological processes. Since its discovery, NPY has been implicated in metabolic regulation and, although interest in its role in central mechanisms related to food intake and obesity has somewhat diminished, the topic remains a strong focus of research concerning NPY signalling. In addition, a number of other uses for modulators of NPY receptors have been implied in a range of diseases, although the development of NPY receptor ligands has been slow, with no clinically approved receptor therapeutics currently available. Nevertheless, several interesting small molecule compounds, notably Y2 receptor antagonists, have been published recently, fueling optimism in the field. Herein we review the role of NPY in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases and highlight instances where NPY receptor signalling systems are attractive therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun P Brothers
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
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50
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Thorsell A. Brain neuropeptide Y and corticotropin-releasing hormone in mediating stress and anxiety. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2010; 235:1163-7. [DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2010.009331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides such as neuropeptide Y (NPY) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) have been implicated not only in acute regulation of stress/anxiety-related behaviors, but adaptations and changes in these neuropeptide systems may also participate in the regulation of behavior and endocrine responses during chronic stress. NPY is an endogenous anxiolytic neuropeptide, while CRH has anxiogenic properties upon central administration. Changes in these neuropeptide systems may contribute to disease states and give us indications for putative treatment targets for stress/anxiety disorders as well as alcohol/drug dependence. In this review, we briefly present these two systems and review their involvement in mediating the responses to acute and chronic stressors, as well as their possible roles in the development and progression of stress/anxiety disorders. We suggest that neuropeptides may be attractive in treatment development for stress/anxiety disorders, as well as for alcohol/drug dependence, based on their specificity and activity following exposure to external challenges, i.e. stressors, and their differential adaptations during transition from an acute to a chronic stress exposure state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Thorsell
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, 10-CRC/1E-5330, Bethesda, MD 20892-1108, USA
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