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do Amaral SC, Xavier LP, Vasconcelos V, Santos AV. Cyanobacteria: A Promising Source of Antifungal Metabolites. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:359. [PMID: 37367684 DOI: 10.3390/md21060359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a rich source of secondary metabolites, and they have received a great deal of attention due to their applicability in different industrial sectors. Some of these substances are known for their notorious ability to inhibit fungal growth. Such metabolites are very chemically and biologically diverse. They can belong to different chemical classes, including peptides, fatty acids, alkaloids, polyketides, and macrolides. Moreover, they can also target different cell components. Filamentous cyanobacteria have been the main source of these compounds. This review aims to identify the key features of these antifungal agents, as well as the sources from which they are obtained, their major targets, and the environmental factors involved when they are being produced. For the preparation of this work, a total of 642 documents dating from 1980 to 2022 were consulted, including patents, original research, review articles, and theses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cavalcante do Amaral
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pereira Xavier
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Vítor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Agenor Valadares Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
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Sachdeva H, Khaturia S, Saquib M, Khatik N, Khandelwal AR, Meena R, Sharma K. Oxygen- and Sulphur-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds as Potential Anticancer Agents. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:6438-6467. [PMID: 35900713 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen- and sulphur-based heterocycles form the core structure of many biologically active molecules as well as U.S. FDA-approved drugs. Moreover, they possess broad range of biological activities, viz. anticancer, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antitumour, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, anticonvulsant, anti-tubercular, analgesic, anti-leishmanial, antimalarial, antifungal, and anti-histaminic, Hence, O- and S-based heterocycles are gaining more attention in recent years on the road to the discovery of innovative anticancer drugs after the extensive investigation of nitrogen-based heterocycles as anticancer agents. Several attempts have been made to synthesize fused oxygen- and sulphur-based heterocyclic derivatives as joining one heterocyclic moiety with another may lead to improvement in the biological profile of a molecule. Humans have been cursed with cancer since long time. Despite the development of several heterocyclic anticancer medications such as 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, methotrexate, and daunorubicin, cure of cancer is difficult. Hence, researchers are trying to synthesize new fused/spiro heterocyclic molecules to discover novel anticancer drugs which may show promising anticancer effects with fewer side effects. Furthermore, fused heterocycles behave as DNA intercalating agents which have the ability to interact with DNA, leading to cell death thereby exerting anticancer effect. This review article highlights the synthesis and anticancer potentiality of oxygen- and sulphur-containing heterocyclic compounds covering the period from 2011 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Sachdeva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, 302004, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Sarita Khaturia
- Department of Chemistry, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh (Sikar), Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohammad Saquib
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Narsingh Khatik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, 302004, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Ravina Meena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, 302004, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Khushboo Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, 302004, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Polyzois A, Kirilovsky D, Dufat TH, Michel S. Effects of Modification of Light Parameters on the Production of Cryptophycin, Cyanotoxin with Potent Anticancer Activity, in Nostoc sp. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12120809. [PMID: 33371249 PMCID: PMC7766261 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptophycin-1 is a cyanotoxin produced by filamentous cyanobacteria. It has been evaluated as an anticancer agent with great potential. However, its synthesis provides insufficient yield for industrial use. An alternative solution for metabolite efficient production is to stress cyanobacteria by modifying the environmental conditions of the culture (Nostoc sp. ATCC 53789). Here, we examined the effects of light photoperiod, wavelength, and intensity. In light photoperiod, photoperiods 24:0 and 16:8 (light:dark) were tested while in wavelength, orange-red light was compared with blue. Medium, high, and very high light intensity experiments were performed to test the effect of light stress. For a 10-day period, growth was measured, metabolite concentration was calculated through HPLC, and the related curves were drawn. The differentiation of light wavelength had a major effect on the culture, as orange-red filter contributed to noticeable increase in both growth and doubled the cyanotoxin concentration in comparison to blue light. Remarkably, constant light provides higher cryptophycin yield, but slightly lower growth rate. Lastly, the microorganism prefers medium light intensities for both growth and metabolite expression. The combination of these optimal conditions would contribute to the further exploitation of cryptophycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Polyzois
- Produits Naturels, Analyse et Synthèse, Université de Paris, UMR CNRS 8038 CITCOM, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (S.M.); Tel.: +33-153739803 (S.M.)
| | - Diana Kirilovsky
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (12BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Thi-hanh Dufat
- Produits Naturels, Analyse et Synthèse, Université de Paris, UMR CNRS 8038 CITCOM, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Sylvie Michel
- Produits Naturels, Analyse et Synthèse, Université de Paris, UMR CNRS 8038 CITCOM, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (S.M.); Tel.: +33-153739803 (S.M.)
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Olatunde OZ, Yong J, Lu C. The Progress of the Anticancer Agents Related to the Microtubules Target. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:2165-2192. [PMID: 32727327 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200729162510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs based on the microtubules target are potent mitotic spindle poison agents, which interact directly with the microtubules, and were classified as microtubule-stabilizing agents and microtubule-destabilizing agents. Researchers have worked tremendously towards the improvements of anticancer drugs, in terms of improving the efficacy, solubility and reducing the side effects, which brought about advancement in chemotherapy. In this review, we focused on describing the discovery, structures and functions of the microtubules as well as the progress of anticancer agents related to the microtubules, which will provide adequate references for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olagoke Zacchaeus Olatunde
- CAS Key Laboratory of Desing and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structures of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Jianping Yong
- Xiamen Institute of Rare-Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Canzhong Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Desing and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structures of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
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5
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Epoxide containing molecules: A good or a bad drug design approach. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 201:112327. [PMID: 32526552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Functional group modification is one of the main strategies used in drug discovery and development. Despite the controversy of being identified for many years as a biologically hazardous functional group, the introduction of an epoxide function in a structural backbone is still one of the possible modifications being implemented in drug design. In this manner, it is our intention to prove with this work that epoxides can have significant interest in medicinal chemistry, not only as anticancer agents, but also as important drugs for other pathologies. Thus, this revision paper aims to highlight the biological activity and the proposed mechanisms of action of several epoxide-containing molecules either in preclinical studies or in clinical development or even in clinical use. An overview of the chemistry of epoxides is also reported. Some of the conclusions are that effectively most of the epoxide-containing molecules referred in this work were being studied or are in the market as anticancer drugs. However, some of them in preclinical studies, were also associated with other different activities such as anti-malarial, anti-arthritic, insecticidal, antithrombotic, and selective inhibitory activity of FXIII-A (a transglutaminase). As for the epoxide-containing molecules in clinical trials, some of them are being tested for obesity and schizophrenia. Finally, drugs containing epoxide groups already in the market are mostly used for the treatment of different types of cancer, such as breast cancer and multiple myeloma. Other diseases for which the referred drugs are being used include heart failure, infections and gastrointestinal disturbs. In summary, epoxides can be a suitable option in drug design, particularly in the design of anticancer agents, and deserve to be better explored. However, and despite the promising results, it is imperative to explore the mechanisms of action of these compounds in order to have a better picture of their efficiency and safety.
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Risinger AL, Du L. Targeting and extending the eukaryotic druggable genome with natural products: cytoskeletal targets of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:634-652. [PMID: 31764930 PMCID: PMC7797185 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00053d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2014-2019We review recent progress on natural products that target cytoskeletal components, including microtubules, actin, intermediate filaments, and septins and highlight their demonstrated and potential utility in the treatment of human disease. The anticancer efficacy of microtubule targeted agents identified from plants, microbes, and marine organisms is well documented. We highlight new microtubule targeted agents currently in clinical evaluations for the treatment of drug resistant cancers and the accumulating evidence that the anticancer efficacy of these agents is not solely due to their antimitotic effects. Indeed, the effects of microtubule targeted agents on interphase microtubules are leading to their potential for more mechanistically guided use in cancers as well as neurological disease. The discussion of these agents as more targeted drugs also prompts a reevaluation of our thinking about natural products that target other components of the cytoskeleton. For instance, actin active natural products are largely considered chemical probes and non-selective toxins. However, studies utilizing these probes have uncovered aspects of actin biology that can be more specifically targeted to potentially treat cancer, neurological disorders, and infectious disease. Compounds that target intermediate filaments and septins are understudied, but their continued discovery and mechanistic evaluations have implications for numerous therapeutic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L Risinger
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Pharmacology, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA.
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Razzaghi-Asl N, Ebadi A. In silico design of peptide inhibitors of tubulin: amyloid-β as a lead compound. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:2189-2198. [PMID: 32189582 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1745691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule is one of the most studied targets in cancer research. Stabilizing and destabilizing of the microtubule by targeting its building block tubulin are common mechanisms of microtubule targeting agents. Cancer associates inversely with Alzheimer's disease (AD). So the rate of developing AD is significantly slower in patients with cancer and vice versa. Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide inhibits tubulin polymerization and induces apoptotic death of cancer cells. We studied the interactions of Aβ with tubulin using protein-protein docking and MD simulation. Aβ bond to the vicinity of the vinblastine binding site and interacted with the H6-H7 loop. Interaction of Aβ with H6-H7 loop blocked nucleotide exchange and may be attributed as a possible reason for blocking of tubulin polymerization. We designed new Aβ-based peptidic inhibitors of tubulin using visual inspection and alanine scanning method. P1 (FRHYHHFFELV) and P9 (HYHHF) bound efficiently to tubulin and also interacted with the H6-H7 loop. Obtained results indicated that proposed peptides could potentially inhibit nucleotide exchange as Aβ.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Razzaghi-Asl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ebadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Figueras E, Borbély A, Ismail M, Frese M, Sewald N. Novel unit B cryptophycin analogues as payloads for targeted therapy. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1281-1286. [PMID: 29977395 PMCID: PMC6009196 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptophycins are naturally occurring cytotoxins with great potential for chemotherapy. Since targeted therapy provides new perspectives for treatment of cancer, new potent analogues of cytotoxic agents containing functional groups for conjugation to homing devices are required. We describe the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of three new unit B cryptophycin analogues. The O-methyl group of the unit B D-tyrosine analogue was replaced by an O-(allyloxyethyl) moiety, an O-(hydroxyethyl) group, or an O-(((azidoethoxy)ethoxy)ethoyxethyl) substituent. While the former two maintain cytotoxicity in the subnanomolar range, the attachment of the triethylene glycol spacer with a terminal azide results in a complete loss of activity. Docking studies of the novel cryptophycin analogues to β-tubulin provided a rationale for the observed cytotoxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Figueras
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Adina Borbély
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mohamed Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marcel Frese
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Miller JH, Field JJ, Kanakkanthara A, Owen JG, Singh AJ, Northcote PT. Marine Invertebrate Natural Products that Target Microtubules. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:691-702. [PMID: 29431439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Marine natural products as secondary metabolites are a potential major source of new drugs for treating disease. In some cases, cytotoxic marine metabolites target the microtubules of the eukaryote cytoskeleton for reasons that will be discussed. This review covers the microtubule-targeting agents reported from sponges, corals, tunicates, and molluscs and the evidence that many of these secondary metabolites are produced by bacterial symbionts. The review finishes by discussing the directions for future development and production of clinically relevant amounts of these natural products and their analogues through aquaculture, chemical synthesis, and biosynthesis by bacterial symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arun Kanakkanthara
- Department of Oncology and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , Minnesota , United States
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Weiss C, Figueras E, Borbely AN, Sewald N. Cryptophycins: cytotoxic cyclodepsipeptides with potential for tumor targeting. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:514-531. [PMID: 28661555 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cryptophycins are a class of 16-membered highly cytotoxic macrocyclic depsipeptides isolated from cyanobacteria. The biological activity is based on their ability to interact with tubulin. They interfere with microtubule dynamics and prevent microtubules from forming correct mitotic spindles, which causes cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Their strong antiproliferative activities with 100-fold to 1000-fold potency compared with those of paclitaxel and vinblastine have been observed. Cryptophycins are highly promising drug candidates, as their biological activity is not negatively affected by P-glycoprotein, a drug efflux system commonly found in multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines and solid tumors. Cryptophycin-52 had been investigated in phase II clinical trials but failed because of its high neurotoxicity. Recently, cryptophycin conjugates with peptides and antibodies have been developed for targeted delivery in tumor therapy. Copyright © 2017 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Weiss
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Eduard Figueras
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Adina N Borbely
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
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Allred TK, Manoni F, Harran PG. Exploring the Boundaries of “Practical”: De Novo Syntheses of Complex Natural Product-Based Drug Candidates. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11994-12051. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler K. Allred
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California−Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Francesco Manoni
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California−Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Patrick G. Harran
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California−Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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12
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White JA, Banerjee R, Gunawardena S. Axonal Transport and Neurodegeneration: How Marine Drugs Can Be Used for the Development of Therapeutics. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E102. [PMID: 27213408 PMCID: PMC4882576 DOI: 10.3390/md14050102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike virtually any other cells in the human body, neurons are tasked with the unique problem of transporting important factors from sites of synthesis at the cell bodies, across enormous distances, along narrow-caliber projections, to distally located nerve terminals in order to maintain cell viability. As a result, axonal transport is a highly regulated process whereby necessary cargoes of all types are packaged and shipped from one end of the neuron to the other. Interruptions in this finely tuned transport have been linked to many neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) suggesting that this pathway is likely perturbed early in disease progression. Therefore, developing therapeutics targeted at modifying transport defects could potentially avert disease progression. In this review, we examine a variety of potential compounds identified from marine aquatic species that affect the axonal transport pathway. These compounds have been shown to function in microtubule (MT) assembly and maintenance, motor protein control, and in the regulation of protein degradation pathways, such as the autophagy-lysosome processes, which are defective in many degenerative diseases. Therefore, marine compounds have great potential in developing effective treatment strategies aimed at early defects which, over time, will restore transport and prevent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A White
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Rupkatha Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Shermali Gunawardena
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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Jana B, Sarkar J, Mondal P, Barman S, Mohapatra S, Bhunia D, Pradhan K, Saha A, Adak A, Ghosh S, Ghosh S. A short GC rich DNA derived from microbial origin targets tubulin/microtubules and induces apoptotic death of cancer cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:12024-7. [PMID: 26121245 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03432a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A short GC rich DNA derived from microbial origin interacts with tubulin/microtubules activates p53 over expression and induces apoptotic death of human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batakrishna Jana
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India.
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Abstract
Cyclic depsipeptides are polypeptides in which one or more amino acid is replaced by a hydroxy acid, resulting in the formation of at least one ester bond in the core ring structure. Many natural cyclic depsipeptides possessing intriguing structural and biological properties, including antitumor, antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, anthelmintic, and anti-inflammatory activities, have been identified from fungi, plants, and marine organisms. In particular, the potent effects of cyclic depsipeptides on tumor cells have led to a number of clinical trials evaluating their potential as chemotherapeutic agents. Although many of the trials have not achieved the desired results, romidepsin (FK228), a bicyclic depsipeptide that inhibits histone deacetylase, has been shown to have clinical efficacy in patients with refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and has received Food and Drug Administration approval for use in treatment. In this review, we discuss antitumor cyclic depsipeptides that have undergone clinical trials and focus on their structural features, mechanisms, potential applications in chemotherapy, and pharmacokinetic and toxicity data. The results of this study indicate that cyclic depsipeptides could be a rich source of new cancer therapeutics.
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Stabilizing versus destabilizing the microtubules: a double-edge sword for an effective cancer treatment option? Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2015; 2015:690916. [PMID: 26484003 PMCID: PMC4592889 DOI: 10.1155/2015/690916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are dynamic and structural cellular components involved in several cell functions, including cell shape, motility, and intracellular trafficking. In proliferating cells, they are essential components in the division process through the formation of the mitotic spindle. As a result of these functions, tubulin and microtubules are targets for anticancer agents. Microtubule-targeting agents can be divided into two groups: microtubule-stabilizing, and microtubule-destabilizing agents. The former bind to the tubulin polymer and stabilize microtubules, while the latter bind to the tubulin dimers and destabilize microtubules. Alteration of tubulin-microtubule equilibrium determines the disruption of the mitotic spindle, halting the cell cycle at the metaphase-anaphase transition and, eventually, resulting in cell death. Clinical application of earlier microtubule inhibitors, however, unfortunately showed several limits, such as neurological and bone marrow toxicity and the emergence of drug-resistant tumor cells. Here we review several natural and synthetic microtubule-targeting agents, which showed antitumor activity and increased efficacy in comparison to traditional drugs in various preclinical and clinical studies. Cryptophycins, combretastatins, ombrabulin, soblidotin, D-24851, epothilones and discodermolide were used in clinical trials. Some of them showed antiangiogenic and antivascular activity and others showed the ability to overcome multidrug resistance, supporting their possible use in chemotherapy.
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Biswas A, Kurkute P, Saleem S, Jana B, Mohapatra S, Mondal P, Adak A, Ghosh S, Saha A, Bhunia D, Biswas SC, Ghosh S. Novel hexapeptide interacts with tubulin and microtubules, inhibits Aβ fibrillation, and shows significant neuroprotection. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1309-16. [PMID: 26147391 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel hexapeptide, derived from activity dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), that spontaneously self-assembles to form antiparallel β-sheet structure and produces nanovesicles under physiological conditions. This peptide not only strongly binds with β-tubulin in the taxol binding site but also binds with the microtubule lattice in vitro as well as in intracellular microtubule networks. Interestingly, it shows inhibition of amyloid fibril formation upon co-incubation with Aβ peptide following an interesting mechanistic pathway and excellent neuroprotection in PC12 cells treated with anti-nerve growth factor (NGF). The potential of this hexapeptide opens up a new paradigm in design and development of novel therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Biswas
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Prashant Kurkute
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Suraiya Saleem
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal India
| | - Batakrishna Jana
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Saswat Mohapatra
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Prasenjit Mondal
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Anindyasundar Adak
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Subhajit Ghosh
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Abhijit Saha
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Debmalya Bhunia
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Subhash Chandra Biswas
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
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17
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Negi AS, Gautam Y, Alam S, Chanda D, Luqman S, Sarkar J, Khan F, Konwar R. Natural antitubulin agents: importance of 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl fragment. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 23:373-89. [PMID: 25564377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are polar cytoskeletal filaments assembled from head-to-tail and comprised of lateral associations of α/β-tubulin heterodimers that play key role in various cellular processes. Because of their vital role in mitosis and various other cellular processes, microtubules have been attractive targets for several disease conditions and especially for cancer. Antitubulin is the most successful class of antimitotic agents in cancer chemotherapeutics. The target recognition of antimitotic agents as a ligand is not much explored so far. However, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl fragment has been much highlighted and discussed in such type of interactions. In this review, some of the most important naturally occurring antimitotic agents and their interactions with microtubules are discussed with a special emphasis on the role of 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl unit. At last, some emerging naturally occurring antimitotic agents have also been tabulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind S Negi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India.
| | - Yashveer Gautam
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Sarfaraz Alam
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Debabrata Chanda
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Jayanta Sarkar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Rituraj Konwar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
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18
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Aeluri M, Chamakuri S, Dasari B, Guduru SKR, Jimmidi R, Jogula S, Arya P. Small Molecule Modulators of Protein–Protein Interactions: Selected Case Studies. Chem Rev 2014; 114:4640-94. [DOI: 10.1021/cr4004049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Aeluri
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute
of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Srinivas Chamakuri
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute
of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Bhanudas Dasari
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute
of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Shiva Krishna Reddy Guduru
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute
of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Ravikumar Jimmidi
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute
of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Srinivas Jogula
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute
of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Prabhat Arya
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute
of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
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19
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Craddock TJA, St. George M, Freedman H, Barakat KH, Damaraju S, Hameroff S, Tuszynski JA. Computational predictions of volatile anesthetic interactions with the microtubule cytoskeleton: implications for side effects of general anesthesia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37251. [PMID: 22761654 PMCID: PMC3382613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is essential to cell morphology, cargo trafficking, and cell division. As the neuronal cytoskeleton is extremely complex, it is no wonder that a startling number of neurodegenerative disorders (including but not limited to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease) share the common feature of a dysfunctional neuronal cytoskeleton. Recently, concern has been raised about a possible link between anesthesia, post-operative cognitive dysfunction, and the exacerbation of neurodegenerative disorders. Experimental investigations suggest that anesthetics bind to and affect cytoskeletal microtubules, and that anesthesia-related cognitive dysfunction involves microtubule instability, hyper-phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau, and tau separation from microtubules. However, exact mechanisms are yet to be identified. In this paper the interaction of anesthetics with the microtubule subunit protein tubulin is investigated using computer-modeling methods. Homology modeling, molecular dynamics simulations and surface geometry techniques were used to determine putative binding sites for volatile anesthetics on tubulin. This was followed by free energy based docking calculations for halothane (2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) on the tubulin body, and C-terminal regions for specific tubulin isotypes. Locations of the putative binding sites, halothane binding energies and the relation to cytoskeleton function are reported in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc St. George
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Holly Freedman
- Center of Marine Sciences, Foundation for Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Khaled H. Barakat
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sambasivarao Damaraju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stuart Hameroff
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Psychology, Center for Consciousness Studies, The University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jack A. Tuszynski
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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20
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Chlipala GE, Mo S, Orjala J. Chemodiversity in freshwater and terrestrial cyanobacteria - a source for drug discovery. Curr Drug Targets 2011; 12:1654-73. [PMID: 21561419 PMCID: PMC3244969 DOI: 10.2174/138945011798109455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are considered a promising source for new pharmaceutical lead compounds and a large number of chemically diverse and bioactive metabolites have been obtained from cyanobacteria over the last few decades. This review highlights the structural diversity of natural products from freshwater and terrestrial cyanobacteria. The review is divided into three areas: cytotoxic metabolites, protease inhibitors, and antimicrobial metabolites. The first section discusses the potent cytotoxins cryptophycin and tolytoxin. The second section covers protease inhibitors from freshwater and terrestrial cyanobacteria and is divided in five subsections according to structural class: aeruginosins, cyanopeptolins, microviridins, anabaenopeptins, and microginins. Structure activity relationships are discussed within each protease inhibitor class. The third section, antimicrobial metabolites from freshwater and terrestrial cyanobacteria, is divided by chemical class in three subsections: alkaloids, peptides and terpenoids. These examples emphasize the structural diversity and drug development potential of natural products from freshwater and terrestrial cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E. Chlipala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois, 60612
| | - Shunyan Mo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois, 60612
| | - Jimmy Orjala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois, 60612
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21
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Stanton RA, Gernert KM, Nettles JH, Aneja R. Drugs that target dynamic microtubules: a new molecular perspective. Med Res Rev 2011; 31:443-81. [PMID: 21381049 DOI: 10.1002/med.20242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules have long been considered an ideal target for anticancer drugs because of the essential role they play in mitosis, forming the dynamic spindle apparatus. As such, there is a wide variety of compounds currently in clinical use and in development that act as antimitotic agents by altering microtubule dynamics. Although these diverse molecules are known to affect microtubule dynamics upon binding to one of the three established drug domains (taxane, vinca alkaloid, or colchicine site), the exact mechanism by which each drug works is still an area of intense speculation and research. In this study, we review the effects of microtubule-binding chemotherapeutic agents from a new perspective, considering how their mode of binding induces conformational changes and alters biological function relative to the molecular vectors of microtubule assembly or disassembly. These "biological vectors" can thus be used as a spatiotemporal context to describe molecular mechanisms by which microtubule-targeting drugs work.
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22
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Nobili S, Landini I, Mazzei T, Mini E. Overcoming tumor multidrug resistance using drugs able to evade P-glycoprotein or to exploit its expression. Med Res Rev 2011; 32:1220-62. [PMID: 21374643 DOI: 10.1002/med.20239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to the effective treatment of cancer. Cellular overproduction of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which acts as an efflux pump for various anticancer drugs (e.g. anthracyclines, Vinca alkaloids, taxanes, epipodophyllotoxins, and some of the newer antitumor drugs) is one of the more relevant mechanisms underlying MDR. P-gp belongs to the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette transporters and is encoded by the ABCB1 gene. Its overexpression in cancer cells has become a therapeutic target for circumventing MDR. As an alternative to the classical pharmacological strategy of the coadministration of pump inhibitors and cytotoxic substrates of P-gp and to other approaches applied in experimental tumor models (e.g. P-gp-targeting antibodies, ABCB1 gene silencing strategies, and transcriptional modulators) and in the clinical setting (e.g. incapsulation of P-gp substrate anticancer drugs into liposomes or nanoparticles), a more intriguing strategy for circumventing MDR is represented by the development of new anticancer drugs which are not substrates of P-gp (e.g. epothilones, second- and third-generation taxanes and other microtubule modulators, topoisomerase inhibitors). Some of these drugs have already been tested in clinical trials and, in most of cases, show relevant activity in patients previously treated with anticancer agents which are substrates of P-gp. Of these drugs, ixabepilone, an epothilone, was approved in the United States for the treatment of breast cancer patients pretreated with an anthracycline and a taxane. Another innovative approach is the use of molecules whose activity takes advantage of the overexpression of P-gp. The possibility of overcoming MDR using the latter two approaches is reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Nobili
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence Florence, Italy, Viale Pieraccini, 6-50139, Firenze, Italy.
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23
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Chen SM, Meng LH, Ding J. New microtubule-inhibiting anticancer agents. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 19:329-43. [DOI: 10.1517/13543780903571631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Sato A, Isaac B, Phillips CM, Rillo R, Carlton PM, Wynne DJ, Kasad RA, Dernburg AF. Cytoskeletal forces span the nuclear envelope to coordinate meiotic chromosome pairing and synapsis. Cell 2009; 139:907-19. [PMID: 19913287 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During meiosis, each chromosome must pair with its unique homologous partner, a process that usually culminates with the formation of the synaptonemal complex (SC). In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, special regions on each chromosome known as pairing centers are essential for both homologous pairing and synapsis. We report that during early meiosis, pairing centers establish transient connections to the cytoplasmic microtubule network. These connections through the intact nuclear envelope require the SUN/KASH domain protein pair SUN-1 and ZYG-12. Disruption of microtubules inhibits chromosome pairing, indicating that these connections promote interhomolog interactions. Dynein activity is essential to license formation of the SC once pairing has been accomplished, most likely by overcoming a barrier imposed by the chromosome-nuclear envelope connection. Our findings thus provide insight into how homolog pairing is accomplished in meiosis and into the mechanisms regulating synapsis so that it occurs selectively between homologs. For a video summary of this article, see the PaperFlick file with the Supplemental Data available online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Sato
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA
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25
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Nandy JP, Prakesch M, Khadem S, Reddy PT, Sharma U, Arya P. Advances in Solution- and Solid-Phase Synthesis toward the Generation of Natural Product-like Libraries. Chem Rev 2009; 109:1999-2060. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800188v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti P. Nandy
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Michael Prakesch
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Shahriar Khadem
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - P. Thirupathi Reddy
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Utpal Sharma
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Prabhat Arya
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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26
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Saito SY. Toxins affecting actin filaments and microtubules. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 46:187-219. [PMID: 19184589 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-87895-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Actin and tubulin are the two major proteins of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells and both display a common property to reversibly assemble into long and flexible polymers, actin filaments and microtubules, respectively. These proteins play important roles in a variety of cellular functions and are also involved in numbers of diseases. An emerging number of marine-derived cytotoxins have been found to bind either actin or tublin, resulting in either inhibition or enhancement of polymerization. Thus, these toxins are valuable molecular probes for solving complex mechanisms of biological processes. This chapter describes actin- and tubulin-targeting marine natural products and their modes of action, with reference to their use as research tools and their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ya Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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27
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Microtubule dynamics as a target in oncology. Cancer Treat Rev 2008; 35:255-61. [PMID: 19117686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drugs that affect microtubule dynamics, including the taxanes and vinca alkaloids, have been a mainstay in the treatment of leukemias and solid tumors for decades. New, more effective microtubule-targeting agents continue to enter into clinical trials and some, including the epothilone ixapebilone, have been approved for use. In contrast, several other drugs of this class with promising preclinical data were later shown to be ineffective or intolerable in animal models or clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms as well as preclinical and clinical results for a variety of microtubule-targeting agents in various stages of development. We also offer a frank discussion of which microtubule-targeting agents are amenable to further development based on their availability, efficacy and toxic profile.
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28
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Abstract
Drug discovery from marine natural products has enjoyed a renaissance in the past few years. Ziconotide (Prialt; Elan Pharmaceuticals), a peptide originally discovered in a tropical cone snail, was the first marine-derived compound to be approved in the United States in December 2004 for the treatment of pain. Then, in October 2007, trabectedin (Yondelis; PharmaMar) became the first marine anticancer drug to be approved in the European Union. Here, we review the history of drug discovery from marine natural products, and by describing selected examples, we examine the factors that contribute to new discoveries and the difficulties associated with translating marine-derived compounds into clinical trials. Providing an outlook into the future, we also examine the advances that may further expand the promise of drugs from the sea.
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29
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Antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activity of terrestrial cyanobacterial strains from Serbia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 51:941-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-008-0115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Gangjee A, Yu J, Copper JE, Smith CD. Discovery of novel antitumor antimitotic agents that also reverse tumor resistance. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3290-301. [PMID: 17567121 PMCID: PMC3858178 DOI: 10.1021/jm070194u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We have discovered a novel series of 7-benzyl-4-methyl-5-[(2-substituted phenyl)ethyl]-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amines, which possess antimitotic and antitumor activities against antimitotic-sensitive as well as resistant tumor cells. These agents bind to a site on tubulin that is distinct from the colchicine, vinca alkaloid, and paclitaxel binding sites and some, in addition to their antitumor activity, remarkably also reverse tumor resistance to antimitotic agents mediated via the P-glycoprotein efflux pump. The compounds were synthesized from N-(7-benzyl-5-ethynyl-4-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanamide 11 or the corresponding 5-iodo analog 14 via Sonogashira couplings with appropriate iodobenzenes or phenylacetylene followed by reduction and deprotection to afford the target analogs. Sodium and liquid NH3 afforded the debenzylated analogs. The most potent analog 1 was one to three digit nanomolar against the growth of both sensitive and resistant tumor cells in culture. Compounds of this series are promising novel antimitotic agents that have the potential for treating both sensitive and resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA.
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31
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32
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Sengupta S, Thomas SA. Drug target interaction of tubulin-binding drugs in cancer therapy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2007; 6:1433-47. [PMID: 17069528 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.6.10.1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules and their component protein, tubulin, constitute a popular target for the treatment of cancer. Many drugs that are presently used in clinics or in clinical trials and drugs that show promise as anticancer drugs bind to tubulin and microtubules. There are three conventional binding sites on beta-tubulin where many of these drugs bind. The binding properties, conformational changes upon binding, association constants and thermodynamic parameters for the drug-tubulin interaction on these three sites are discussed. The antiproliferative activities of these drugs and the possible correlation with the binding properties are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Sengupta
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Cancer Biology Division, Poojappura, Trivandrum 695014, India.
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33
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D'Agostino G, del Campo J, Mellado B, Izquierdo MA, Minarik T, Cirri L, Marini L, Perez-Gracia JL, Scambia G. A multicenter phase II study of the cryptophycin analog LY355703 in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2006; 16:71-6. [PMID: 16445613 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00276.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
LY355703 is a synthetic product structurally related to the cryptophycin family isolated from the blue-green algae, which exerts a potent destabilization of microtubules during mitosis. This study was performed to determine the activity of LY355703 in patients with platinum-resistant advanced ovarian cancer and to characterize its toxicity profile. Twenty-six patients were enrolled in this study. Resistant disease was defined as a platinum-free interval of <6 months from primary treatment or rechallenge. LY355703 (1.5 mg/m(2)) was administered intravenously on days 1 and 8, every 3 weeks, infused over 2 h. From 24 patients evaluable for response, three partial responses (12.5%) and seven disease stabilizations were registered (29.2%), for an overall clinical benefit of 41.7%. Fourteen patients (58.3%) experienced a progression of the disease during treatment. Among the 25 patients evaluable for toxicity, two episodes of grade 3 anemia (8%); one, grade 3 thrombocytopenia (4%); one, grade 4 elevation of creatinine (4%); and one, grade 3 hyperbilirubinemia (4%) were reported. LY355703 has a modest activity in patients with platinum-resistant advanced ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, the considerable rate of disease stabilization in the absence of serious adverse events in this poor-prognosis study population suggests that this novel cryptophycin may deserve further investigation in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D'Agostino
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli, 8-00168 Rome, Italy
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34
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Kim YJ, Sackett DL, Schapira M, Walsh DP, Min J, Pannell LK, Chang YT. Identification of 12Cysbeta on tubulin as the binding site of tubulyzine. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 14:1169-75. [PMID: 16266809 PMCID: PMC1408322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Revised: 09/24/2005] [Accepted: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have undertaken quantitative binding site studies in order to identify the binding site of the known microtubule destabilizing agents, the tubulyzines, in the tubulin dimer. Two different approaches were employed that utilized the tubulyzines and their derivatives. The first approach was based on a chemical affinity labeling method using tubulyzine affinity derivatives, and the second approach employed the mass spectrometric measurement of the differential reactivity of cysteines using the tubulyzines and monobromobimane. Based on overlapping data from these two approaches, we propose that the tubulyzines bind at the guanosine-5'-triphosphate binding site of beta-tubulin. Interestingly, we also show that the tubulyzines' binding to tubulin induces a conformational change in tubulin that prevents further interaction of the 239Cysbeta with other reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeoun Jin Kim
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dan L. Sackett
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthieu Schapira
- Department of Pharmacology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel P. Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, New York University New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Jaeki Min
- Department of Chemistry, New York University New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Lewis K. Pannell
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry, New York University New York, NY 10003, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 212 998 8491; fax: +1 212 260 7905; e-mail:
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Cho HP, Liu Y, Gomez M, Dunlap J, Tyers M, Wang Y. The dual-specificity phosphatase CDC14B bundles and stabilizes microtubules. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:4541-51. [PMID: 15899858 PMCID: PMC1140622 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.11.4541-4551.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cdc14 dual-specificity phosphatases regulate key events in the eukaryotic cell cycle. However, little is known about the function of mammalian CDC14B family members. Here, we demonstrate that subcellular localization of CDC14B protein is cell cycle regulated. CDC14B can bind, bundle, and stabilize microtubules in vitro independently of its catalytic activity. Basic amino acid residues within the nucleolar targeting domain are important for both retaining CDC14B in the nucleolus and preventing microtubule bundling. Overexpression of CDC14B resulted in the formation of cytoplasmic CDC14B and microtubule bundles in interphase cells. These microtubule bundles were resistant to microtubule depolymerization reagents and enriched in acetylated alpha-tubulin. Expression of cytoplasmic forms of CDC14B impaired microtubule nucleation from the microtubule organization center. CDC14B is thus a novel microtubule-bundling and -stabilizing protein, whose regulated subcellular localization may help modulate spindle and microtubule dynamics in mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyekyung P Cho
- Life Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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36
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Tripathy NK, Georg GI. RCM approach for the total synthesis of cryptophycin-24 (Arenastatin A). Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.04.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Drugs that target microtubules are among the most commonly prescribed anticancer therapies. Although the mechanisms by which perturbation of microtubule function leads to selective death of cancer cells remain unclear, several new microtubule-targeting compounds are undergoing clinical testing. In part, these efforts focus on overcoming some of the problems associated with taxane-based therapies, including formulation and administration difficulties and susceptibility to resistance conferred by P-glycoprotein. Epothilones have emerged from these efforts as a promising new class of anticancer drugs. Preclinical studies indicate that epothilones bind to and stabilize microtubules in a manner similar but not identical to that of paclitaxel and that epothilones are effective in paclitaxel-resistant tumor models. Clinical phase I and early phase II data are available for BMS-247550, BMS-310705, EPO906, and KOS-862. The results suggest that these compounds have a broad range of antitumor activity at doses and schedules associated with tolerable side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Goodin
- Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, USA
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Lee JH, Kang DW, Kwon HS, Lee SH, Park SK, Chung SG, Cho EH, Paik SY, Lee JH. Microtubule inhibitory effects of various SJ compounds on tissue culture cells. Arch Pharm Res 2004; 27:436-41. [PMID: 15180310 DOI: 10.1007/bf02980086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
SJ compounds (SJ8002 and related compounds) are a group of novel anticancer agents (Cho, Chung, Lee, Kwon, Kang, Joo, and Oh. PCT/KR02/00392). To explore the anticancer mechanism of these compounds, we examined the effect of SJ8002 on microtubules of six human cell lines. At a high concentration (2 microg/mL), SJ8002 effectively disrupted microtubules of the six cell lines within 1 h. At lower concentrations (0.05 to approximately 1.0 microg/mL), the antimicrotubule activity of SJ8002 varied defending on cell lines. The inhibition of in vitro polymerization of pure tubulin by SJ8002 suggested that SJ8002 acts on free tubulin, inhibits the polymerization of tubulin dimer into microtubules, and hence induces the depolymerization of microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Han Lee
- Department of Biology and the Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Cruz-Monserrate Z, Mullaney JT, Harran PG, Pettit GR, Hamel E. Dolastatin 15 binds in the vinca domain of tubulin as demonstrated by Hummel-Dreyer chromatography. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2003; 270:3822-8. [PMID: 12950266 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The antimitotic depsipeptide dolastatin 15 was radiolabeled with tritium in its amino-terminal dolavaline residue. Dolastatin 15, although potently cytotoxic, is a relatively weak inhibitor of tubulin assembly and does not inhibit the binding of any other ligand to tubulin. The only methodology found to demonstrate an interaction between the depsipeptide and tubulin was Hummel-Dreyer equilibrium chromatography on Sephadex G-50 superfine. The average apparent Kd value obtained in these studies was about 30 microM, with no difference observed when column size or tubulin concentration was varied. This relatively high dissociation constant is consistent with the apparent weak interaction of dolastatin 15 with tubulin demonstrated indirectly in the assembly assay. We attempted to gain insight into the binding site for dolastatin 15 on tubulin by studying inhibitory effects of other drugs when the gel filtration column was equilibrated with both [3H]dolastatin 15 and a second, nonradiolabeled drug. No inhibition was detected with either the colchicine site agent combretastatin A-4 or with an analog of the antimitotic marine peptide diazonamide A (both the analog and diazonamide A are potent inhibitors of tubulin assembly). Weak inhibition was observed with cemadotin, a structural analog of dolastatin 15, and with the depsipeptide cryptophycin 1. Moderate inhibition occurred with vinblastine and vincristine, and strong inhibition with maytansine, halichondrin B, and the peptides dolastatin 10 and phomopsin A. These observations suggest that the binding site(s) for peptide and depsipeptide antimitotic drugs may consist of a series of overlapping domains rather than a well-defined locus on the surface of beta-tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Vidya R, Eggen M, Georg GI, Himes RH. Cryptophycin affinity labels: synthesis and biological activity of a benzophenone analogue of cryptophycin-24. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:757-60. [PMID: 12639575 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)01023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of a C16 side chain benzophenone analogue of cryptophycin-24 using a crotylboration reaction and Heck coupling as key steps is described. In an in vitro tubulin assembly assay, the benzophenone analogue of the beta isomer (IC(50)=7.4 microM) is twice as active as cryptophycin-24 (IC(50)=15 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramdas Vidya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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42
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Abstract
Tubulin is the target for an ever increasing number of structurally unusual peptides and depsipeptides isolated from a wide range of organisms. Since tubulin is the subunit protein of microtubules, the compounds are usually potently toxic to mammalian cells. Without exception, these (depsi)peptides disrupt cellular microtubules and prevent spindle formation. This causes cells to accumulate at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle through inhibition of mitosis. In biochemical assays, the compounds inhibit microtubule assembly from tubulin and suppress microtubule dynamics at low concentrations. Most of the (depsi)peptides inhibit the binding of Catharanthus alkaloids to tubulin in a noncompetitive manner, GTP hydrolysis by tubulin, and nucleotide turnover at the exchangeable GTP site on beta-tubulin. In general, the (depsi)peptides induce the formation of tubulin oligomers of aberrant morphology. In all cases tubulin rings appear to be formed, but these rings differ in diameter, depending on the (depsi)peptide present during their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, MD 21702, USA.
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Subramanian B, Nakeff A, Media JE, Wiegand RA, Valeriote FA. Inhibition of macromolecular synthesis by cryptophycin-52. Anticancer Drugs 2002; 13:1061-8. [PMID: 12439340 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-200211000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cryptophycin (CP)-52, a synthetic analog of CP-1, possesses potent and selective antiproliferative activity against human solid tumors both and. Based on an algorithm developed in this laboratory using HCT-116 human colon adenocarcinoma cells, CP-52 exhibited a time- and concentration-dependent antiproliferative effect in the clonogenic assay. Inhibition of both DNA and RNA synthesis was observed in the absence of any effect on protein synthesis following a 24-h exposure to CP-52, at a time when proliferating cells were arrested in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. In summary, we interpret these data to indicate that the selective inhibition of DNA synthesis may be a major causative factor responsible for the antiproliferative activity of CP-52 and subsequent G2/M arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balanehru Subramanian
- Drug Discovery and Development Program, Josephine Ford Cancer Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202-3450, USA.
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Abstract
The cryptophycins are a unique family of 16-membered macrolide antimitotic agents isolated from the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. Their molecular target is tubulin protein wherein they are the most potent known stabilizers of microtubule dynamics and depolymerize microtubules at higher concentrations. They also deactivate the Bcl2 protein and produce apoptotic response much more quickly and at considerably lower concentrations than clinically utilized compounds. The presence of several amide and ester linkages within the cryptophycin core provides access to very convergent total synthetic approaches. Likewise, the modularity of the structure renders their synthesis amenable to structure-activity studies in several regions of the molecule. The in vivo hydrolytic instability of the C5 ester was a key obstacle to the successful identification of a clinical candidate. This problem was ameliorated by increased substitution at C6 as in the presence of gem-dimethyl substitution in the clinical candidate, cryptophycin-52.
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Affiliation(s)
- MariJean Eggen
- Pharmacia Corporation, 7000 Portage Road, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001, USA
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Eggen M, Nair SK, Georg GI. Rapid entry into the cryptophycin core via an acyl-beta-lactam macrolactonization: total synthesis of cryptophycin-24. Org Lett 2001; 3:1813-5. [PMID: 11405718 DOI: 10.1021/ol010044s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[see structure]. An efficient, concise approach to the macrolide core of the cryptophycins, potent antimitotic agents, has been achieved. The reaction sequence features a novel macrolactonization utilizing a reactive acyl-beta-lactam intermediate that incorporates the beta-amino acid moiety within the 16-membered macrolide core. This highly modular approach, which allows for multiple alterations throughout the structure, was successfully applied to the total synthesis of cryptophycin-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eggen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Eggen M, Mossman CJ, Buck SB, Nair SK, Bhat L, Ali SM, Reiff EA, Boge TC, Georg GI. Total synthesis of cryptophycin-24 (Arenastatin A) amenable to structural modifications in the C16 side chain. J Org Chem 2000; 65:7792-9. [PMID: 11073583 DOI: 10.1021/jo000767+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two efficient protocols for the synthesis of tert-butyl (5S,6R,2E, 7E)-5-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-6-methyl-8-phenyl-2, 7-octadienoate, a major component of the cryptophycins, are reported. The first utilized the Noyori reduction and Frater alkylation of methyl 5-benzyloxy-3-oxopentanoate to set two stereogenic centers, which became the C16 hydroxyl and C1' methyl of the cryptophycins. The second approach started from 3-p-methoxybenzyloxypropanal and a crotyl borane reagent derived from (-)-alpha-pinene to set both stereocenters in a single step and provided the dephenyl analogue, tert-butyl (5S,6R,2E)-5-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-6-methyl-2, 7-octadienoate, in five steps. This compound was readily converted to the 8-phenyl compound via Heck coupling. The silanyloxy esters were efficiently deprotected and coupled to the C2-C10 amino acid fragment to provide desepoxyarenastatin A and its dephenyl analogue. The terminal olefin of the latter was further elaborated via Heck coupling. Epoxidation provided cryptophycin-24 (arenastatin A).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eggen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Kessel D. Protein-binding patterns of the antitumor antibiotic cryptophycin 52 as measured with a two-phase partitioning system. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1999; 735:121-6. [PMID: 10630897 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of murine leukemia L1210 cells to the antitumor antibiotic cryptophycin 52 (C52) resulted in a rapid and dose-dependent increase in cell-surface hydrophobicity, as measured with a two-phase partitioning system. This effect was not observed with inactive drug analogs that lacked an epoxy residue. While the C52 has distinctly hydrophobic properties, the drug does not uniformly bind to all proteins. Affinity for human high- and low-density lipoprotein and albumin was demonstrated, but the drug binds only to the albumin fraction of mouse plasma, in spite of the high HDL level in the latter species.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kessel
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Gamble WR, Durso NA, Fuller RW, Westergaard CK, Johnson TR, Sackett DL, Hamel E, Cardellina JH, Boyd MR. Cytotoxic and tubulin-interactive hemiasterlins from Auletta sp. and Siphonochalina spp. sponges. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:1611-5. [PMID: 10482453 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical and biological investigations of extracts from the sponge genus Auletta and two collections of Siphonochalina sp. have shown these organisms to be producers of the potent hemiasterlin class of antitumor agents. In addition to the previously known hemiasterlin (1) and hemiasterlin A (2), a new analogue, hemiasterlin C (3), was isolated and identified. The structures of 1 and 2 were assigned based on comparison to literature values, and 3 was identified on the basis of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC experiments. The cytotoxic and antitubulin activities of 1-3 were evaluated. In a comparative assay for inhibition of tubulin polymerization, the hemiasterlins were more potent than dolastatin 15 and equipotent with cryptophycin 1, but were somewhat less potent than dolastatin 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Gamble
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702-1201, USA
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Foster BJ, Fortuna M, Media J, Wiegand RA, Valeriote FA. Cryptophycin 1 cellular levels and effects in vitro using L1210 cells. Invest New Drugs 1999; 16:199-204. [PMID: 10360599 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006148127527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cryptophycin 1 is a natural product that was initially isolated from blue-green algae which has shown potent broad spectrum antitumor activity in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models. The drug strongly binds to tubulin and disrupts microtubule assembly for more than 24 hours after its removal. We evaluated cell survival, intracellular levels and inhibition of macromolecular synthesis in L1210 cells following exposure to cryptophycin 1 in vitro. Cell survival was strongly inhibited following drug exposure for either 1 or 4 hours. Intracellular drug levels were minimally affected by temperature (4 degrees C versus 37 degrees C) or exposure times up to 1 hour. However, extracellular drug concentration in culture media and increasing cell numbers did affect the concentration of intracellular drug levels in a nearly proportional manner. The synthesis of DNA and RNA was inhibited less than 5%, while protein synthesis inhibition was near 30%. Thus, none of the macromolecules were inhibited enough to explain the inhibition of tumor cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Foster
- Department of Internal Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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50
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Abstract
An enantioselective synthesis of tert-butyl (5S,6R)-(E)-5-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-6-methyl-2,7-octadieno ate, a precursor for the synthesis of the antimitotic macrolides cryptophycin A and arenastatin A (cryptophycin-24), is presented. The key step in the reaction sequence features a crotyl boration that sets both stereocenters that become the C16 hydroxyl and Cl' methyl in the cryptophycins. Homologation of the terminal olefin via a Heck reaction is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Eggen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, USA
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