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Hayashi K, Yi H, Zhu X, Liu S, Gu J, Takahashi K, Kashiwagi Y, Pardo M, Kanda H, Li H, Levitt RC, Hao S. Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1-Reactive Oxygen Species-Caspase 11 Pathway in Neuropathic Pain Mediated by HIV gp120 With Morphine in Rats. Anesth Analg 2023; 136:789-801. [PMID: 36662639 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent clinical research suggests that repeated use of opioid pain medications can increase neuropathic pain in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH). Therefore, it is significant to elucidate the exact mechanisms of HIV-related chronic pain. HIV infection and chronic morphine induce proinflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α acting through tumor necrosis factor receptor I (TNFRI). HIV coat proteins and/or chronic morphine increase mitochondrial superoxide in the spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH). Recently, emerging cytoplasmic caspase-11 is defined as a noncanonical inflammasome and can be activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we tested our hypothesis that HIV coat glycoprotein gp120 with chronic morphine activates a TNFRI-mtROS-caspase-11 pathway in rats, which increases neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain. METHODS Neuropathic pain was induced by repeated administration of recombinant gp120 with morphine (gp120/M) in rats. Mechanical allodynia was assessed using von Frey filaments, and thermal latency using hotplate test. Protein expression of spinal TNFRI and cleaved caspase-11 was examined using western blots. The image of spinal mitochondrial superoxide was examined using MitoSox Red (mitochondrial superoxide indicator) image assay. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the location of TNFRI and caspase-11 in the SCDH. Intrathecal administration of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS-ODN) against TNFRI, caspase-11 siRNA, or a scavenger of mitochondrial superoxide was given for antinociceptive effects. Statistical tests were done using analysis of variance (1- or 2-way), or 2-tailed t test. RESULTS Intrathecal gp120/M induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia lasting for 3 weeks ( P < .001). Gp120/M increased the expression of spinal TNFRI, mitochondrial superoxide, and cleaved caspase-11. Immunohistochemistry showed that TNFRI and caspase-11 were mainly expressed in the neurons of the SCDH. Intrathecal administration of antisense oligonucleotides against TNFRI, Mito-Tempol (a scavenger of mitochondrial superoxide), or caspase-11 siRNA reduced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in the gp120/M neuropathic pain model. Spinal knockdown of TNFRI reduced MitoSox profile cell number in the SCDH; intrathecal Mito-T decreased spinal caspase-11 expression in gp120/M rats. In the cultured B35 neurons treated with TNFα, pretreatment with Mito-Tempol reduced active caspase-11 in the neurons. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that spinal TNFRI-mtROS-caspase 11 signal pathway plays a critical role in the HIV-associated neuropathic pain state, providing a novel approach to treating chronic pain in PLWH with opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hayashi
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Anesthesiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Ashikawa, Japan
| | - Hyun Yi
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Xun Zhu
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Anesthesiology, the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| | - Shue Liu
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jun Gu
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Keiya Takahashi
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Anesthesiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Ashikawa, Japan
| | - Yuta Kashiwagi
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Marta Pardo
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Hirotsugu Kanda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Ashikawa, Japan
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| | - Roy C Levitt
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- John T. MacDonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Shuanglin Hao
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Carlsson R, Enström A, Paul G. Molecular Regulation of the Response of Brain Pericytes to Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065671. [PMID: 36982744 PMCID: PMC10053233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain needs sufficient oxygen in order to function normally. This is achieved by a large vascular capillary network ensuring that oxygen supply meets the changing demand of the brain tissue, especially in situations of hypoxia. Brain capillaries are formed by endothelial cells and perivascular pericytes, whereby pericytes in the brain have a particularly high 1:1 ratio to endothelial cells. Pericytes not only have a key location at the blood/brain interface, they also have multiple functions, for example, they maintain blood–brain barrier integrity, play an important role in angiogenesis and have large secretory abilities. This review is specifically focused on both the cellular and the molecular responses of brain pericytes to hypoxia. We discuss the immediate early molecular responses in pericytes, highlighting four transcription factors involved in regulating the majority of transcripts that change between hypoxic and normoxic pericytes and their potential functions. Whilst many hypoxic responses are controlled by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF), we specifically focus on the role and functional implications of the regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5) in pericytes, a hypoxia-sensing protein that is regulated independently of HIF. Finally, we describe potential molecular targets of RGS5 in pericytes. These molecular events together contribute to the pericyte response to hypoxia, regulating survival, metabolism, inflammation and induction of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Carlsson
- Translational Neurology Group, Department of Clinical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Centre and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Andreas Enström
- Translational Neurology Group, Department of Clinical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Centre and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gesine Paul
- Translational Neurology Group, Department of Clinical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Centre and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Scania University Hospital, 22185 Lund, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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The Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Associated with Subclinical Mastitis in Lactating European Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224719. [PMID: 36432405 PMCID: PMC9696022 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is an inflammatory state of the lactating mammary gland, which is asymptomatic and may have negative consequences for child growth. The objectives of this study were to: (1) test the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and SCM and (2) assess the differences in nutrient intakes between women without SCM and those with SCM. One hundred and seventy-seven women with available data on human milk (HM) sodium potassium ratio (Na:K) and dietary intake data were included for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between nutrient intake and the DII score in relation to SCM. Women without SCM had a lower median DII score (0.60) than women with moderate (1.12) or severe (1.74) SCM (p < 0.01). A one-unit increase in DII was associated with about 41% increased odds of having SCM, adjusting for country and mode of delivery, p = 0.001. Women with SCM had lower mean intakes of several anti-inflammatory nutrients. We show for the first time exploratory evidence that SCM may be associated with a pro-inflammatory diet and women with SCM have lower intakes of several antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutrients.
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Abstract
LUBAC-mediated linear ubiquitination plays a pivotal role in regulation of cell death and inflammatory pathways. Genetic deficiency in LUBAC components leads to severe immune dysfunction or embryonic lethality. LUBAC has been extensively studied for its role in mediating TNF signaling. However,
Tnfr1
knockout is not able to fully rescue the embryonic lethality of LUBAC deficiency, suggesting that LUBAC may modify additional key cellular substrates in promoting cell survival. GPx4 is an important selenoprotein involved in regulating cellular redox homeostasis in defense against lipid peroxidation-mediated cell death known as ferroptosis. Here we demonstrate that LUBAC deficiency sensitizes to ferroptosis by promoting GPx4 degradation and downstream lipid peroxidation. LUBAC binds and stabilizes GPx4 by modulating its linear ubiquitination both in normal condition and under oxidative stress. Our findings identify GPx4 as a key substrate of LUBAC and a previously unrecognized role of LUBAC-mediated linear ubiquitination in regulating cellular redox status and cell death.
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Lou MF. Glutathione and Glutaredoxin in Redox Regulation and Cell Signaling of the Lens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1973. [PMID: 36290696 PMCID: PMC9598519 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ocular lens has a very high content of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and the enzymes that can recycle its oxidized form, glutathione disulfide (GSSG), for further use. It can be synthesized in the lens and, in part, transported from the neighboring anterior aqueous humor and posterior vitreous body. GSH is known to protect the thiols of the structural lens crystallin proteins from oxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) so the lens can maintain its transparency for proper visual function. Age-related lens opacity or senile cataract is the major visual impairment in the general population, and its cause is closely associated with aging and a constant exposure to environmental oxidative stress, such as ultraviolet light and the metabolic end product, H2O2. The mechanism for senile cataractogenesis has been hypothesized as the results of oxidation-induced protein-thiol mixed disulfide formation, such as protein-S-S-glutathione and protein-S-S-cysteine mixed disulfides, which if not reduced in time, can change the protein conformation to allow cascading modifications of various kinds leading to protein-protein aggregation and insolubilization. The consequence of such changes in lens structural proteins is lens opacity. Besides GSH, the lens has several antioxidation defense enzymes that can repair oxidation damage. One of the specific redox regulating enzymes that has been recently identified is thioltransferase (glutaredoxin 1), which works in concert with GSH, to reduce the oxidative stress as well as to regulate thiol/disulfide redox balance by preventing protein-thiol mixed disulfide accumulation in the lens. This oxidation-resistant and inducible enzyme has multiple physiological functions. In addition to protecting structural proteins and metabolic enzymes, it is able to regulate the redox signaling of the cells during growth factor-stimulated cell proliferation and other cellular functions. This review article focuses on describing the redox regulating functions of GSH and the thioltransferase enzyme in the ocular lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie F. Lou
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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A 2022 Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Enriched Therapeutic Diets and Nutraceuticals in Canine and Feline Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810384. [PMID: 36142319 PMCID: PMC9499673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With osteoarthritis being the most common degenerative disease in pet animals, a very broad panel of natural health products is available on the market for its management. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis, registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021279368), was to test for the evidence of clinical analgesia efficacy of fortified foods and nutraceuticals administered in dogs and cats affected by osteoarthritis. In four electronic bibliographic databases, 1578 publications were retrieved plus 20 additional publications from internal sources. Fifty-seven articles were included, comprising 72 trials divided into nine different categories of natural health compound. The efficacy assessment, associated to the level of quality of each trial, presented an evident clinical analgesic efficacy for omega-3-enriched diets, omega-3 supplements and cannabidiol (to a lesser degree). Our analyses showed a weak efficacy of collagen and a very marked non-effect of chondroitin-glucosamine nutraceuticals, which leads us to recommend that the latter products should no longer be recommended for pain management in canine and feline osteoarthritis.
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A flexible and highly sensitive organic electrochemical transistor-based biosensor for continuous and wireless nitric oxide detection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208060119. [PMID: 35972962 PMCID: PMC9407321 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208060119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As nitric oxide (NO) plays significant roles in a variety of physiological processes, the capability for real-time and accurate detection of NO in live organisms is in great demand. Traditional assessments of NO rely on indirect colorimetric techniques or electrochemical sensors that often comprise rigid constituent materials and can hardly satisfy sensitivity and spatial resolution simultaneously. Here, we report a flexible and highly sensitive biosensor based on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) capable of continuous and wireless detection of NO in biological systems. By modifying the geometry of the active channel and the gate electrodes of OECTs, devices achieve optimum signal amplification of NO. The sensor exhibits a low response limit, a wide linear range, high sensitivity, and excellent selectivity, with a miniaturized active sensing region compared with a conventional electrochemical sensor. The device demonstrates continuous detection of the nanomolar range of NO in cultured cells for hours without significant signal drift. Real-time and wireless measurement of NO is accomplished for 8 d in the articular cavity of New Zealand White rabbits with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture injuries. The observed high level of NO is associated with the onset of osteoarthritis (OA) at the later stage. The proposed device platform could provide critical information for the early diagnosis of chronic diseases and timely medical intervention to optimize therapeutic efficacy.
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8
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Čater M, Bombek LK. Protective Role of Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins against Age-Related Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081473. [PMID: 36009191 PMCID: PMC9404801 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of oxidative damage to DNA and other biomolecules plays an important role in the etiology of aging and age-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is especially sensitive to oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from the accumulation of mtDNA damage impairs normal cellular function and leads to a bioenergetic crisis that accelerates aging and associated diseases. Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction decreases ATP production, which directly affects insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells and triggers the gradual development of the chronic metabolic dysfunction that characterizes T2D. At the same time, decreased glucose oxidation in skeletal muscle due to mitochondrial damage leads to prolonged postprandial blood glucose rise, which further worsens glucose homeostasis. ROS are not only highly reactive by-products of mitochondrial respiration capable of oxidizing DNA, proteins, and lipids but can also function as signaling and effector molecules in cell membranes mediating signal transduction and inflammation. Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) located in the inner mitochondrial membrane of various tissues can be activated by ROS to protect cells from mitochondrial damage. Mitochondrial UCPs facilitate the reflux of protons from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the matrix, thereby dissipating the proton gradient required for oxidative phosphorylation. There are five known isoforms (UCP1-UCP5) of mitochondrial UCPs. UCP1 can indirectly reduce ROS formation by increasing glutathione levels, thermogenesis, and energy expenditure. In contrast, UCP2 and UCP3 regulate fatty acid metabolism and insulin secretion by beta cells and modulate insulin sensitivity. Understanding the functions of UCPs may play a critical role in developing pharmacological strategies to combat T2D. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the protective role of various UCP homologs against age-related oxidative stress in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Čater
- Correspondence: (M.Č.); (L.K.B.); Tel.: +386-2-2345-847 (L.K.B.)
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9
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Gong L, Chen B, Chen J, Li Y. Protective Effects of Vitamin C against Neomycin-Induced Apoptosis in HEI-OC1 Auditory Cell. Neural Plast 2022; 2022:1298692. [PMID: 35601667 PMCID: PMC9117069 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1298692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ototoxic hearing loss results from hair cell death via reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and consequent apoptosis. We investigated the effects of vitamin C (VC) on neomycin-induced HEI-OC1 cell damage, as well as the mechanism of inhibition. HEI-OC1 cells were treated with neomycin or with vitamin C (VC). The results indicated that VC had a protective effect on neomycin-induced HEI-OC1 cell death. Mechanistically, VC decreased neomycin-induced ROS generation, suppressed cell death, and increased cell viability. VC inhibited neomycin-induced apoptosis, ameliorated neomycin reduced antiapoptotic Bcl-2 expression, and suppressed neomycin increased expression of proapoptotic Bax, caspase-3 cleavage and caspase-8. TUNEL labeling demonstrated that VC blocked neomycin-induced apoptosis. Further study revealed that the effect of VC on neomycin-induced hair cell death was through interference with JNK activation and p38 phosphorylation. These results indicate that VC via suppressed ROS generation, which inhibited cell death by counteracting apoptotic signaling induced by neomycin in cells. Hence, VC is a potential candidate for protection agent against neomycin-induced HEI-OC1 cell ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Biao Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, China
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Li X, Wang S, Mu W, Barry J, Han A, Carpenter RL, Jiang BH, Peiper SC, Mahoney MG, Aplin AE, Ren H, He J. Reactive oxygen species reprogram macrophages to suppress antitumor immune response through the exosomal miR-155-5p/PD-L1 pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:41. [PMID: 35086548 PMCID: PMC8793215 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer cells have an imbalance in oxidation-reduction (redox) homeostasis. Understanding the precise mechanisms and the impact of the altered redox microenvironment on the immunologic reaction to tumors is limited. Methods We isolated exosomes from ovarian cancer cells through ultracentrifuge and characterized by Western-blots and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. 2D, 3D-coculture tumor model, and 3D live cell imaging were used to study the interactions between tumor cells, macrophages and CD3 T cells in vitro. The role of exosomal miR-155-5p in tumor growth was evaluated in xenograft nude mice models and immune-competent mice models. Flow cytometry and flow sorting were used to determine the expression levels of miR-155-5p and PD-L1 in ascites and splenic macrophages, and the percentages of CD3 T cells subpopulations. Results The elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) greatly downregulated exosomal miR-155-5p expression in tumor cells. Neutralization of ROS with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) increased the levels of miR-155-5p in tumor exosomes that were taken up by macrophages, leading to reduction of macrophage migration and tumor spheroid infiltration. We further found that programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a functional target of miR-155-5p. Co-culture of macrophages pre-treated with NAC-derived tumor exosomes or exosomal miR-155-5p with T-lymphocytes leading to an increased percentage of CD8+ T-lymphocyte and a decreased CD3+ T cell apoptosis through PD-L1 downregulation. Tumor growth in nude mice was delayed by treatment with NAC-derived tumor exosomes. Delivery of tumor exo-miR-155-5p in immune-intact mice suppressed ovarian cancer progression and macrophage infiltration, and activated CD8+ T cell function. It is of note that exo-miR-155-5p inhibited tumor growth more potently than the PD-L1 antibody, suggesting that in addition to PD-L1, other pathways may also be targeted by this approach. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism, ROS-induced down-regulation of miR-155-5p, by which tumors modulate the microenvironment that favors tumor growth. Understanding of the negative impact of ROS on the tumor immune response will improve current therapeutic strategies. Targeting miR-155-5p can be an alternative approach to prevent formation of an immunosuppressive TME through downregulation of PD-L1 and other immunosuppressive factors. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02244-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Wei Mu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jennifer Barry
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Anna Han
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Richard L Carpenter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Bing-Hua Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Stephen C Peiper
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Mỹ G Mahoney
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China.
| | - Jun He
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.
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11
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Small SH, Tang EJ, Ragland RL, Ruzankina Y, Schoppy DW, Mandal RS, Glineburg MR, Ustelenca Z, Powell DJ, Simpkins F, Johnson FB, Brown EJ. Induction of
IL19
expression through JNK and cGAS-STING modulates DNA damage–induced cytokine production. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eaba2611. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aba2611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara H. Small
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E. Jessica Tang
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ryan L. Ragland
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yaroslava Ruzankina
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David W. Schoppy
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rahul S. Mandal
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M. Rebecca Glineburg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zgjim Ustelenca
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel J. Powell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fiona Simpkins
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - F. Bradley Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric J. Brown
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Megha KB, Joseph X, Akhil V, Mohanan PV. Cascade of immune mechanism and consequences of inflammatory disorders. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153712. [PMID: 34511264 PMCID: PMC8373857 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses arise as an outcome of tissues or organs exposure towards harmful stimuli like injury, toxic chemicals or pathogenic microorganism. It is a complex cascade of immune mechanism to overcome from tissue injury and to initiate the healing process by recruiting various immune cells, chemical mediators such as the vasoactive peptides and amines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, eicosanoids and acute-phase proteins to prevent tissue damage and ultimately complete restoration of the tissue function. The cytokines exhibits a central function in communication between the cells, inflammatory response initiation, amplification and their regulation. This review covers the importance of inflammatory responses; the significance of cytokines in inflammation and numerous inflammatory disorders/ailments due to the abrupt expression of cytokines and the hyper-inflammatory response or cytokine storm associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 pandemic. Also highlighting the importance of naturally derived anti-inflammatory metabolites to overcome the side-effects of currently prevailing anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Megha
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum 695012, Kerala, India
| | - X Joseph
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum 695012, Kerala, India
| | - V Akhil
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum 695012, Kerala, India
| | - P V Mohanan
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum 695012, Kerala, India.
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Bartman CM, Awari DW, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS. Intermittent Hypoxia-Hyperoxia and Oxidative Stress in Developing Human Airway Smooth Muscle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091400. [PMID: 34573032 PMCID: PMC8467919 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature infants are frequently and intermittently administered supplemental oxygen during hypoxic episodes, resulting in cycles of intermittent hypoxia and hyperoxia. The relatively hypoxic in utero environment is important for lung development while hyperoxia during the neonatal period is recognized as detrimental towards the development of diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and bronchial asthma. Understanding early mechanisms that link hypoxic, hyperoxic, and intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic exposures to altered airway structure and function are key to developing advanced therapeutic approaches in the clinic. Changes in oxygen availability can be detrimental to cellular function and contribute to oxidative damage. Here, we sought to determine the effect of oxygen on mitochondria in human fetal airway smooth muscle cells exposed to either 5% O2, 21% O2, 40% O2, or cycles of 5% and 40% O2 (intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia). Reactive oxygen species production, altered mitochondrial morphology, and changes in mitochondrial respiration were assessed in the context of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Our findings show developing airway smooth muscle is differentially responsive to hypoxic, hyperoxic, or intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic exposure in terms of mitochondrial structure and function. Cycling O2 decreased mitochondrial branching and branch length similar to hypoxia and hyperoxia in the presence of antioxidants. Additionally, hypoxia decreased overall mitochondrial respiration while the addition of antioxidants increased respiration in normoxic and O2-cycling conditions. These studies show the necessity of balancing oxidative damage and antioxidant defense systems in the developing airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M. Bartman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (D.W.A.); (C.M.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.B.); (Y.S.P.)
| | - Daniel Wasim Awari
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (D.W.A.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Christina M. Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (D.W.A.); (C.M.P.)
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Y. S. Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (D.W.A.); (C.M.P.)
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence: (C.M.B.); (Y.S.P.)
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Dumoulin B, Ufer C, Kuhn H, Sofi S. Expression Regulation, Protein Chemistry and Functional Biology of the Guanine-Rich Sequence Binding Factor 1 (GRSF1). J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166922. [PMID: 33713675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells RNA-binding proteins have been implicated in virtually all post-transcriptional mechanisms of gene expression regulation. Based on the structural features of their RNA binding domains these proteins have been divided into several subfamilies. The presence of at least two RNA recognition motifs defines the group of heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoproteins H/F and one of its members is the guanine-rich sequence binding factor 1 (GRSF1). GRSF1 was first described 25 years ago and is widely distributed in eukaryotic cells. It is present in the nucleus, the cytoplasm and in mitochondria and has been implicated in a variety of physiological processes (embryogenesis, erythropoiesis, redox homeostasis, RNA metabolism) but also in the pathogenesis of various diseases. This review summarizes our current understanding on GRSF1 biology, critically discusses the literature reports and gives an outlook of future developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Dumoulin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Ufer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sajad Sofi
- University of York, Department of Biology, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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A transition to degeneration triggered by oxidative stress in degenerative disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:736-746. [PMID: 33159186 PMCID: PMC7914161 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although the activities of many signaling pathways are dysregulated during the progression of neurodegenerative and muscle degeneration disorders, the precise sequence of cellular events leading to degeneration has not been fully elucidated. Two kinases of particular interest, the growth-promoting Tor kinase and the energy sensor AMPK, appear to show reciprocal changes in activity during degeneration, with increased Tor activity and decreased AMPK activity reported. These changes in activity have been predicted to cause degeneration by attenuating autophagy, leading to the accumulation of unfolded protein aggregates and dysfunctional mitochondria, the consequent increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ultimately oxidative damage. Here we propose that this increased ROS production not only causes oxidative damage but also ultimately induces an oxidative stress response that reactivates the redox-sensitive AMPK and activates the redox-sensitive stress kinase JNK. Activation of these kinases reactivates autophagy. Because at this late stage, cells have become filled with dysfunctional mitochondria and protein aggregates, which are autophagy targets, this autophagy reactivation induces degeneration. The mechanism proposed here emphasizes that the process of degeneration is dynamic, that dysregulated signaling pathways change over time and can transition from deleterious to beneficial and vice versa as degeneration progresses.
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16
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Li Z, Huang Z, Bai L. The P2X7 Receptor in Osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:628330. [PMID: 33644066 PMCID: PMC7905059 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.628330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease. With the increasing aging population, the associated socio-economic costs are also increasing. Analgesia and surgery are the primary treatment options in late-stage OA, with drug treatment only possible in early prevention to improve patients' quality of life. The most important structural component of the joint is cartilage, consisting solely of chondrocytes. Instability in chondrocyte balance results in phenotypic changes and cell death. Therefore, cartilage degradation is a direct consequence of chondrocyte imbalance, resulting in the degradation of the extracellular matrix and the release of pro-inflammatory factors. These factors affect the occurrence and development of OA. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) belongs to the purinergic receptor family and is a non-selective cation channel gated by adenosine triphosphate. It mediates Na+, Ca2+ influx, and K+ efflux, participates in several inflammatory reactions, and plays an important role in the different mechanisms of cell death. However, the relationship between P2X7R-mediated cell death and the progression of OA requires investigation. In this review, we correlate potential links between P2X7R, cartilage degradation, and inflammatory factor release in OA. We specifically focus on inflammation, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy. Lastly, we discuss the therapeutic potential of P2X7R as a potential drug target for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ziyu Huang
- Foreign Languages College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lunhao Bai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Aaliya K, Nasir IA, Khan A, Toufiq N, Yousaf I, Adeyinka OS, Iftikhar S, Farooq AM, Tabassum B. Expression of ice recrystallization inhibition protein in transgenic potato lines associated with reduced electrolyte leakage and efficient recovery post freezing injury. J Biotechnol 2021; 327:97-105. [PMID: 33450348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is considered to be frost-susceptible as short spells of frost can reduce the tuber yield and quality. Ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) protein helps prevent growth of ice crystals in the cell apoplast during frost and help prevent damage associated with freezing stress. In this study, we investigated the in planta potential of Lolium perenne derived IRI3 transgene in improving the tolerance of transgenic potato lines for freezing stress. The codon optimized IRI3 transgene was introduced into potato cultivar Diamant through Agrobacterium mediated transformation. Three transgenic potato lines were successfully generated which were confirmed for transgene insertion and genomic integration by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot. It was evident that the IRI3 transcript decreased in initial 24 h of cold stress treatment while the IRI3 mRNA expression up regulated in subsequent hours of cold treatment with maximum increase to 20 folds at 96 h post stress. A similar trend was also revealed in ion-leakage assay which showed that during cold stress, the transgenic potato lines depicted reduced ion leakage of 14-22% as compared to non-transgenic control plants. Further, the generated transgenic potato lines were tolerant to the frost spell in quarantine field conditions as compared to the non-transgenic potato lines. Additionally, the transgenic lines exhibited efficient recovery post frost injury in field conditions. The biochemical profiles of chlorophyll, proline and higher levels of antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, Catalase) activity and malondialdehyde levels showed that despite the phenotypic impact of low temperature, the transgenic potato lines quickly adjusted to maintain their cellular homeostasis post freezing stress by increasing the antioxidant defenses. This study suggests that up regulation of IRI3 transcript and regulatory network of cold stress response in transgenic potato lines improve frost tolerance and help stabilize yield in cultivated potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Aaliya
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Idrees Ahmad Nasir
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Khan
- Department of Microbiology, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Nida Toufiq
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Yousaf
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Sehrish Iftikhar
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (IAGS), University of the Punjab Lahore-Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Munim Farooq
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Tabassum
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Pakistan.
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18
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Ansari MY, Ahmad N, Voleti S, Wase SJ, Novak K, Haqqi TM. Mitochondrial dysfunction triggers a catabolic response in chondrocytes via ROS-mediated activation of the JNK/AP1 pathway. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs247353. [PMID: 33097606 PMCID: PMC7725611 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.247353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is impaired in osteoarthritis (OA) but its impact on cartilage catabolism is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction-induced activation of the catabolic response in chondrocytes. Using cartilage slices from normal and OA cartilage, we showed that mitochondrial membrane potential was lower in OA cartilage, and that this was associated with increased production of mitochondrial superoxide and catabolic genes [interleukin 6 (IL-6), COX-2 (also known as PTGS2), MMP-3, -9, -13 and ADAMTS5]. Pharmacological induction of mitochondrial dysfunction in chondrocytes and cartilage explants using carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone increased mitochondrial superoxide production and the expression of IL-6, COX-2, MMP-3, -9, -13 and ADAMTS5, and cartilage matrix degradation. Mitochondrial dysfunction-induced expression of catabolic genes was dependent on the JNK (herein referring to the JNK family)/activator protein 1 (AP1) pathway but not the NFκB pathway. Scavenging of mitochondrial superoxide with MitoTEMPO, or pharmacological inhibition of JNK or cFos and cJun, blocked the mitochondrial dysfunction-induced expression of the catabolic genes in chondrocytes. We demonstrate here that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to OA pathogenesis via JNK/AP1-mediated expression of catabolic genes. Our data shows that AP1 could be used as a therapeutic target for OA management.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Y Ansari
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Nashrah Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
| | - Sriharsha Voleti
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Saima J Wase
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Kimberly Novak
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Tariq M Haqqi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
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Wu J, Ye J, Kong W, Zhang S, Zheng Y. Programmed cell death pathways in hearing loss: A review of apoptosis, autophagy and programmed necrosis. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12915. [PMID: 33047870 PMCID: PMC7653260 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD)—apoptosis, autophagy and programmed necrosis—is any pathological form of cell death mediated by intracellular processes. Ototoxic drugs, ageing and noise exposure are some common pathogenic factors of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) that can induce the programmed death of auditory hair cells through different pathways, and eventually lead to the loss of hair cells. Furthermore, several mutations in apoptotic genes including DFNA5, DFNA51 and DFNB74 have been suggested to be responsible for the new functional classes of monogenic hearing loss (HL). Therefore, in this review, we elucidate the role of these three forms of PCD in different types of HL and discuss their guiding significance for HL treatment. We believe that further studies of PCD pathways are necessary to understand the pathogenesis of HL and guide scientists and clinicians to identify new drug targets for HL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Ye
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weili Kong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shouyue Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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20
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Kon M, Taniguchi K, Ebi Y, Nakagaki K. Effects of high-intensity interval exercise under hyperoxia on HSP27 and oxidative stress responses. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 283:103544. [PMID: 32927097 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia in working muscles during exercise may be associated with increased oxidative stress. Inhalation of hyperoxic gas diminishes the hypoxia within working muscles during exercise. Exposure to hyperoxia increases the expression of the antioxidant HSP27. We investigated the effects of acute high-intensity interval exercise (HIE) under hyperoxia on HSP27 levels and oxidative stress responses. Eight male subjects participated in two experiments: 1) normoxic HIE (NHIE) and 2) hyperoxic (60 % oxygen) HIE (HHIE). HIE consisted of four 30-s all-out cycling bouts with 4-min rest between bouts. Levels of serum oxidative stress markers (d-ROMs and LPO), HSP27, BAP, IL-6, and TNF-α significantly increased after both trials. The HIE-induced changes in d-ROMs, LPO, and HSP27 levels were significantly lower in the HHIE trial than in the NHIE trial. These findings suggest that inhaling hyperoxic gas during exercise might diminish oxidative stress induced by all-out HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Kon
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, 101-2 Yagotohonmachi, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8666, Japan; Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1 Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-0056, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Taniguchi
- Gifu Sports Association, 2675-28 Nagarafukumitsu, Gifu, Gifu, 502-0817, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ebi
- Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1 Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-0056, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakagaki
- Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1 Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-0056, Japan; Department of Sports Sciences, Yamanashi Gakuin University, 2-4-5 Sakaori, Kofu, Yamanashi, 158-8508, Japan
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21
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Ansari MY, Ahmad N, Haqqi TM. Oxidative stress and inflammation in osteoarthritis pathogenesis: Role of polyphenols. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110452. [PMID: 32768946 PMCID: PMC8404686 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint degenerative disease leading to irreversible structural and functional changes in the joint and is a major cause of disability and reduced life expectancy in ageing population. Despite the high prevalence of OA, there is no disease modifying drug available for the management of OA. Oxidative stress, a result of an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their clearance by antioxidant defense system, is high in OA cartilage and is a major cause of chronic inflammation. Inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are highly upregulated in OA joints and induce ROS production and expression of matrix degrading proteases leading to cartilage extracellular matrix degradation and joint dysfunction. ROS and inflammation are interdependent, each being the target of other and represent ideal target/s for the treatment of OA. Plant polyphenols possess potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and can inhibit ROS production and inflammation in chondrocytes, cartilage explants and in animal models of OA. The aim of this review is to discuss the chondroprotective effects of polyphenols and modulation of different molecular pathways associated with OA pathogenesis and limitations and future prospects of polyphenols in OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yunus Ansari
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209, ST RT 44, Rootstown, Ohio, 44272, USA.
| | - Nashrah Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209, ST RT 44, Rootstown, Ohio, 44272, USA; School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA.
| | - Tariq M Haqqi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209, ST RT 44, Rootstown, Ohio, 44272, USA.
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Dumoulin B, Ufer C, Stehling S, Heydeck D, Kuhn H, Sofi S. Identification of the COMM-domain containing protein 1 as specific binding partner for the guanine-rich RNA sequence binding factor 1. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129678. [PMID: 32645484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The guanine-rich RNA sequence binding factor 1 (GRSF1) is an RNA-binding protein of the hnRNP H/F family, which has been implicated in erythropoiesis, regulation of the redox homeostasis, embryonic brain development, mitochondrial function and cellular senescence. The molecular basis for GRSF1-RNA interaction has extensively been studied in the past but for the time being GRSF1 binding proteins have not been identified. METHODS To search for GRSF1 binding proteins we first employed the yeast two-hybrid system and screened a cDNA library of human fetal brain for potential GRSF1 binding proteins. Subsequently, we explored the protein-protein-interaction of the recombiant proteins, carried out immunoprecipitation experiments to confirm the interaction of the native proteins in living cells and performed truncation studies to identify the protein-binding motif of GRSF1. RESULTS Using the yeast two-hybrid system we identified the COMM-domain containing protein 1 (COMMD1) as specific GRSF1 binding protein and in vitro truncation studies suggested that COMMD1 interacts with the alanine-rich domain of GRSF1. Co-immunoprecipitation strategies indicated that COMMD1-GRSF1 interaction was RNA independent and also occurred in living cells expressing the two native proteins. CONCLUSION In mammalian cells the COMM-domain containing protein 1 (COMMD1) specifically interacts with the Ala-rich domain of GRSF1 in an RNA-independent manner. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report describing a specific GRSF1 binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Dumoulin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Ufer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Stehling
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sajad Sofi
- University of York, Department of Biology, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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Lee JR, Park BW, Kim J, Choo YW, Kim HY, Yoon JK, Kim H, Hwang JW, Kang M, Kwon SP, Song SY, Ko IO, Park JA, Ban K, Hyeon T, Park HJ, Kim BS. Nanovesicles derived from iron oxide nanoparticles-incorporated mesenchymal stem cells for cardiac repair. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz0952. [PMID: 32494669 PMCID: PMC7195131 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz0952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Because of poor engraftment and safety concerns regarding mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, MSC-derived exosomes have emerged as an alternative cell-free therapy for myocardial infarction (MI). However, the diffusion of exosomes out of the infarcted heart following injection and the low productivity limit the potential of clinical applications. Here, we developed exosome-mimetic extracellular nanovesicles (NVs) derived from iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs)-incorporated MSCs (IONP-MSCs). The retention of injected IONP-MSC-derived NVs (IONP-NVs) within the infarcted heart was markedly augmented by magnetic guidance. Furthermore, IONPs significantly increased the levels of therapeutic molecules in IONP-MSCs and IONP-NVs, which can reduce the concern of low exosome productivity. The injection of IONP-NVs into the infarcted heart and magnetic guidance induced an early shift from the inflammation phase to the reparative phase, reduced apoptosis and fibrosis, and enhanced angiogenesis and cardiac function recovery. This approach can enhance the therapeutic potency of an MSC-derived NV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ro Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Woo Park
- Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Woong Choo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Kee Yoon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Kim
- Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Hwang
- Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Pil Kwon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seuk Young Song
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ok Ko
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Park
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Ban
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, BIOMAX, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Jun Park
- Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (B.-S.K.); (H.-J.P.)
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, BIOMAX, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (B.-S.K.); (H.-J.P.)
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Identification of Two Kinase Inhibitors with Synergistic Toxicity with Low-Dose Hydrogen Peroxide in Colorectal Cancer Cells in vitro. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010122. [PMID: 31906582 PMCID: PMC7016670 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is among the most common types of cancers. With this disease, diffuse scattering in the abdominal area (peritoneal carcinosis) often occurs before diagnosis, making surgical removal of the entire malignant tissue impossible due to a large number of tumor nodules. Previous treatment options include radiation and its combination with intraperitoneal heat-induced chemotherapy (HIPEC). Both options have strong side effects and are often poor in therapeutic efficacy. Tumor cells often grow and proliferate dysregulated, with enzymes of the protein kinase family often playing a crucial role. The present study investigated whether a combination of protein kinase inhibitors and low-dose induction of oxidative stress (using hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) has an additive cytotoxic effect on murine, colorectal tumor cells (CT26). Protein kinase inhibitors from a library of 80 substances were used to investigate colorectal cancer cells for their activity, morphology, and immunogenicity (immunogenic cancer cell death, ICD) upon mono or combination. Toxic compounds identified in 2D cultures were confirmed in 3D cultures, and additive cytotoxicity was identified for the substances lavendustin A, GF109203X, and rapamycin. Toxicity was concomitant with cell cycle arrest, but except HMGB1, no increased expression of immunogenic markers was identified with the combination treatment. The results were validated for GF109203X and rapamycin but not lavendustin A in the 3D model of different colorectal (HT29, SW480) and pancreatic cancer cell lines (MiaPaca, Panc01). In conclusion, our in vitro data suggest that combining oxidative stress with chemotherapy would be conceivable to enhance antitumor efficacy in HIPEC.
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Sari G, Okat Z, Sahin A, Karademir B. Proteasome Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy and their Relation to Redox Regulation. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5252-5267. [PMID: 30706779 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190201120013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is important for the maintenance of cell survival. Under physiological conditions, redox system works in a balance and involves activation of many signaling molecules. Regulation of redox balance via signaling molecules is achieved by different pathways and proteasomal system is a key pathway in this process. Importance of proteasomal system on signaling pathways has been investigated for many years. In this direction, many proteasome targeting molecules have been developed. Some of them are already in the clinic for cancer treatment and some are still under investigation to highlight underlying mechanisms. Although there are many studies done, molecular mechanisms of proteasome inhibitors and related signaling pathways need more detailed explanations. This review aims to discuss redox status and proteasomal system related signaling pathways. In addition, cancer therapies targeting proteasomal system and their effects on redox-related pathways have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulce Sari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Okan University, 34959, Tuzla, I stanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Okat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Sahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betul Karademir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bayoumy AB, de Ru JA. The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in acute hearing loss: a narrative review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 276:1859-1880. [PMID: 31111252 PMCID: PMC6581929 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute hearing loss can have a major impact on a patient's life. This holds true for both acute acoustic trauma (AAT) and idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL), two devastating conditions for which no highly effective treatment options exist. This narrative review provides the rationale and evidence for HBOT in AAT and ISSHL. METHODS Narrative review of all the literature available on HBOT in acute hearing loss, studies were retrieved from systematic searches on PubMed and by cross referencing. DISCUSSION First, the etiological mechanisms of acute hearing loss and the mechanism of action of HBOT were discussed. Furthermore, we have provided an overview of 68 studies that clinically investigated the effect of HBOT in the last couple of decades. For future studies, it is recommend to start as early as possible with therapy, preferably within 48 h and to use combination therapy consisting of HBOT and corticosteroids. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE HBOT has been used quite extensively for acute hearing loss in the last couple of decades. Based on the amount of studies showing a positive effect, HBOT should be discussed with patients (shared decision making) as optional therapy in case of AAT and ISSHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Bayoumy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Central Military Hospital Utrecht, Ministry of Defense, Lundlaan 1, 3584 EZ, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J A de Ru
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Central Military Hospital Utrecht, Ministry of Defense, Lundlaan 1, 3584 EZ, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Lepetsos P, Papavassiliou KA, Papavassiliou AG. Redox and NF-κB signaling in osteoarthritis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 132:90-100. [PMID: 30236789 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human cells have to deal with the constant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although ROS overproduction might be harmful to cell biology, there are plenty of data showing that moderate levels of ROS control gene expression by maintaining redox signaling. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder with a multi-factorial etiology including overproduction of ROS. ROS overproduction in OA modifies intracellular signaling, chondrocyte life cycle, metabolism of cartilage matrix and contributes to synovial inflammation and dysfunction of the subchondral bone. In arthritic tissues, the NF-κB signaling pathway can be activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, mechanical stress, and extracellular matrix degradation products. This activation results in regulation of expression of many cytokines, inflammatory mediators, transcription factors, and several matrix-degrading enzymes. Overall, NF-κB signaling affects cartilage matrix remodeling, chondrocyte apoptosis, synovial inflammation, and has indirect stimulatory effects on downstream regulators of terminal chondrocyte differentiation. Interaction between redox signaling and NF-κB transcription factors seems to play a distinctive role in OA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Lepetsos
- Fourth Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, 'KAT' General Hospital, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas A Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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Role of Forkhead Box O Transcription Factors in Oxidative Stress-Induced Chondrocyte Dysfunction: Possible Therapeutic Target for Osteoarthritis? Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 30487470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123794.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte dysfunction occurs during the development of osteoarthritis (OA), typically resulting from a deleterious increase in oxidative stress. Accordingly, strategies for arresting oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte dysfunction may lead to new potential therapeutic targets for OA treatment. Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors have recently been shown to play a protective role in chondrocyte dysfunction through the regulation of inflammation, autophagy, aging, and oxidative stress. They also regulate growth, maturation, and matrix synthesis in chondrocytes. In this review, we discuss the recent progress made in the field of oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte dysfunction. We also discuss the protective role of FoxO transcription factors as potential molecular targets for the treatment of OA. Understanding the function of FoxO transcription factors in the OA pathology may provide new insights that will facilitate the development of next-generation therapies to prevent OA development and to slow OA progression.
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Wang R, Zhang S, Previn R, Chen D, Jin Y, Zhou G. Role of Forkhead Box O Transcription Factors in Oxidative Stress-Induced Chondrocyte Dysfunction: Possible Therapeutic Target for Osteoarthritis? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123794. [PMID: 30487470 PMCID: PMC6321605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte dysfunction occurs during the development of osteoarthritis (OA), typically resulting from a deleterious increase in oxidative stress. Accordingly, strategies for arresting oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte dysfunction may lead to new potential therapeutic targets for OA treatment. Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors have recently been shown to play a protective role in chondrocyte dysfunction through the regulation of inflammation, autophagy, aging, and oxidative stress. They also regulate growth, maturation, and matrix synthesis in chondrocytes. In this review, we discuss the recent progress made in the field of oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte dysfunction. We also discuss the protective role of FoxO transcription factors as potential molecular targets for the treatment of OA. Understanding the function of FoxO transcription factors in the OA pathology may provide new insights that will facilitate the development of next-generation therapies to prevent OA development and to slow OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Anti-ageing and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Anti-ageing and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Rahul Previn
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Anti-ageing and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Yi Jin
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Guangqian Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Anti-ageing and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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30
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Qin Z, Fisher GJ, Voorhees JJ, Quan T. Actin cytoskeleton assembly regulates collagen production via TGF-β type II receptor in human skin fibroblasts. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4085-4096. [PMID: 29888864 PMCID: PMC6111811 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The dermal compartment of skin is primarily composed of collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM), which is produced by dermal fibroblasts. In Young skin, fibroblasts attach to the ECM through integrins. During ageing, fragmentation of the dermal ECM limits fibroblast attachment. This reduced attachment is associated with decreased collagen production, a major cause of skin thinning and fragility, in the elderly. Fibroblast attachment promotes assembly of the cellular actin cytoskeleton, which generates mechanical forces needed for structural support. The mechanism(s) linking reduced assembly of the actin cytoskeleton to decreased collagen production remains unclear. Here, we report that disassembly of the actin cytoskeleton results in impairment of TGF-β pathway, which controls collagen production, in dermal fibroblasts. Cytoskeleton disassembly rapidly down-regulates TGF-β type II receptor (TβRII) levels. This down-regulation leads to reduced activation of downstream effectors Smad2/Smad3 and CCN2, resulting in decreased collagen production. These responses are fully reversible; restoration of actin cytoskeleton assembly up-regulates TβRII, Smad2/Smad3, CCN2 and collagen expression. Finally, actin cytoskeleton-dependent reduction of TβRII is mediated by induction of microRNA 21, a potent inhibitor of TβRII protein expression. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism that links actin cytoskeleton assembly and collagen expression in dermal fibroblasts. This mechanism likely contributes to loss of TβRII and collagen production, which are observed in aged human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping Qin
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Gary J. Fisher
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - John J. Voorhees
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Taihao Quan
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
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Stankovic-Valentin N, Melchior F. Control of SUMO and Ubiquitin by ROS: Signaling and disease implications. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 63:3-17. [PMID: 30059710 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Reversible post-translational modifications (PTMs) ensure rapid signal transmission from sensors to effectors. Reversible modification of proteins by the small proteins Ubiquitin and SUMO are involved in virtually all cellular processes and can modify thousands of proteins. Ubiquitination or SUMOylation is the reversible attachment of these modifiers to lysine residues of a target via isopeptide bond formation. These modifications require ATP and an enzymatic cascade composed of three classes of proteins: E1 activating enzymes, E2 conjugating enzymes and E3 ligases. The reversibility of the modification is ensured by specific isopeptidases. E1 and E2 enzymes, some E3 ligases and most isopeptidases have catalytic cysteine residues, which make them potentially susceptible for oxidation. Indeed, an increasing number of examples reveal regulation of ubiquitination and SUMOylation by reactive oxygen species, both in the context of redox signaling and in severe oxidative stress. Importantly, ubiquitination and SUMOylation play essential roles in the regulation of ROS homeostasis, participating in the control of ROS production and clearance. In this review, we will discuss the interplay between ROS homeostasis, Ubiquitin and SUMO pathways and the implications for the oxidative stress response and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Stankovic-Valentin
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ - ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Frauke Melchior
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ - ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
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32
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Ansari MY, Khan NM, Ahmad I, Haqqi TM. Parkin clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria regulates ROS levels and increases survival of human chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:1087-1097. [PMID: 28801211 PMCID: PMC5803469 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and chondrocyte death are important contributors to the development and pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, we determined the expression and role of Parkin in the clearance of damaged/dysfunctional mitochondria, regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and chondrocyte survival under pathological conditions. METHODS Human chondrocytes were from the unaffected area of knee OA cartilage (n = 12) and were stimulated with IL-1β to mimic pathological conditions. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization and ROS levels were determined using specific dyes and flow cytometry. Autophagy was determined by Western blotting for ATG5, Beclin1, immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy. Gene expression was determined by RT-qPCR. siRNA, wild-type and mutant Parkin plasmids were transfected using Amaxa system. Apoptosis was determined by PI staining of chondrocytes and TUNEL assay. RESULTS IL-1β-stimulated OA chondrocytes showed high levels of ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane damage, accumulation of damaged mitochondria and higher incidence of apoptosis. IL-1β stimulation of chondrocytes with depleted Parkin expression resulted in sustained high levels of ROS, accumulation of damaged/dysfunctional mitochondria and enhanced apoptosis. Parkin translocation to depolarized/damaged mitochondria and recruitment of p62/SQSTM1 was required for the elimination of damaged/dysfunctional mitochondria in IL-1β-stimulated OA chondrocytes. Importantly we demonstrate that Parkin elimination of depolarized/damaged mitochondria required the Parkin ubiquitin ligase activity and resulted in reduced ROS levels and inhibition of apoptosis in OA chondrocytes under pathological conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrates that Parkin functions to eliminate depolarized/damaged mitochondria in chondrocytes which is necessary for mitochondrial quality control, regulation of ROS levels and chondrocyte survival under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tariq M. Haqqi
- Correspondence: Dr. Tariq M Haqqi, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, RGE-238, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St Rt 44, Rootstown, OH 44272,
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33
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WITHDRAWN: Cytokines and fatty liver diseases. LIVER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Drosophila as a Model System to Study Cell Signaling in Organ Regeneration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7359267. [PMID: 29750169 PMCID: PMC5884440 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7359267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration is a fascinating phenomenon that allows organisms to replace or repair damaged organs or tissues. This ability occurs to varying extents among metazoans. The rebuilding of the damaged structure depends on regenerative proliferation that must be accompanied by proper cell fate respecification and patterning. These cellular processes are regulated by the action of different signaling pathways that are activated in response to the damage. The imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster have the ability to regenerate and have been extensively used as a model system to study regeneration. Drosophila provides an opportunity to use powerful genetic tools to address fundamental problems about the genetic mechanisms involved in organ regeneration. Different studies in Drosophila have helped to elucidate the genes and signaling pathways that initiate regeneration, promote regenerative growth, and induce cell fate respecification. Here we review the signaling networks involved in regulating the variety of cellular responses that are required for discs regeneration.
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35
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36
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Fatima R, Akhtar K, Hossain MM, Ahmad R. Chromium oxide nanoparticle-induced biochemical and histopathological alterations in the kidneys and brain of Wistar rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2017; 33:911-921. [PMID: 29069986 DOI: 10.1177/0748233717735266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chromium oxide nanoparticles (Cr2O3 NPs) have a wide range of applications in industry. They are used as pigments, catalysts, wear-resistant or high-temperature-resistant coating material and are used in liquid crystal displays. In view of ever escalating use of NPs, risk assessment becomes obligatory to ensure the safety of both human health and the ecosystem. The present study was designed and conducted to evaluate biochemical changes and histopathological alterations in kidneys and brain of rats, following exposure to Cr2O3 NPs. Male Wistar rats were divided into low-dose (50 µg/100 g body weight (bwt) groups and high-dose (200 µg/100 g bwt) groups. Each group type received oral administration of Cr2O3 NPs for multiple durations (single dosing, once daily for 7 days and once daily for 14 days, respectively). According to our data, this allotment presented a meaningful picture of NPs behaviour in different scenarios. In the kidneys and brain of Cr2O3 NPs-exposed animals, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production caused a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration along with a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels, as compared to controls. Histopathological changes in these organs confirmed cellular injury and functional damage due to exposure to Cr2O3 NPs. In this study, we have distinguished pathological alterations consequent to deleterious oxidative stress due to enhanced ROS generation after Cr2O3 NPs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravish Fatima
- 1 Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kafil Akhtar
- 2 Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Mobarak Hossain
- 3 Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- 1 Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kuang S, Liu G, Cao R, Zhang L, Yu Q, Sun C. Mansouramycin C kills cancer cells through reactive oxygen species production mediated by opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Oncotarget 2017; 8:104057-104071. [PMID: 29262621 PMCID: PMC5732787 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in the world and the search for novel anticancer agents is urgently required. Marine-derived isoquinolinequinones have exhibited promising anticancer activities. However, the exact mechanisms of cytotoxic activities of these isoquinolinequinones are poorly characterized. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects and molecular mechanisms of mansouramycin C (Mm C), a cytotoxic isoquinolinequinone isolated from a marine streptomycete. We demonstrated that Mm C preferentially killed cancer cells and the cytotoxic effects were mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Mass spectrometry based proteomic analysis of Mm C-treated A549 cells revealed that many ROS-related proteins were differentially expressed. Proteomic-profiling after Mm C treatment identified oxidative phosphorylation as the most significant changes in pathways. Analysis also revealed extensive defects in mitochondrial structure and function. Furthermore, we disclosed that Mm C-induced ROS generation was caused by opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Notably, Mm C synergized with sorafenib to induce cell death in A549 cells. Hence, we propose that the marine-derived natural compound Mm C is a potent inducer of the mitochondrial permeability transition and a promising anticancer drug candidate. Moreover, molecular mechanisms of Mm C shed new light on the understanding of the cytotoxic mechanisms of marine-derived isoquinolinequiones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruobing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Division of Tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaomin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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38
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Lee MW, Choi BG, Kim SW, Rha SW, Shim MS, Kim DJ, Seo HS, Oh DJ, Jeong MH. Air pollution and short-term clinical outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:631-638. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Woo Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences; Korea University Graduate School; Seoul Korea
| | - Byoung Geol Choi
- Department of Medicine; Korea University Graduate School; Seoul Korea
| | - Suhng Wook Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences; Korea University Graduate School; Seoul Korea
| | - Seung-Woon Rha
- Department of Medicine; Korea University Graduate School; Seoul Korea
- Korea University Guro Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | | | - Dae Jin Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences; Korea University Graduate School; Seoul Korea
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Islas-Flores H, Manuel Gómez-Oliván L, Galar-Martínez M, Michelle Sánchez-Ocampo E, SanJuan-Reyes N, Ortíz-Reynoso M, Dublán-García O. Cyto-genotoxicity and oxidative stress in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to a mixture of ibuprofen and diclofenac. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1637-1650. [PMID: 28101901 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Thirty million people worldwide consume each day nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), a heterogeneous group of pharmaceuticals used for its analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies report high NSAID concentrations in wastewater treatment plant effluents, in surface, ground, and drinking water, and in sediments. NSAIDs are also known to induce toxicity on aquatic organisms. However, toxicity in natural ecosystems is not usually the result of exposure to a single substance but to a mixture of toxic agents, yet only a few studies have evaluated the toxicity of mixtures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity induced by diclofenac (DCF), ibuprofen (IBP), and their mixture on a species of commercial interest, the common carp Cyprinus carpio. The median lethal concentration of IBP and DCF was determined, and oxidative stress was evaluated using the following biomarkers: lipid peroxidation and activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Cyto-genotoxicity was evaluated by micronucleus test, comet assay, and the specific activity of caspase-3. Results show that DCF, IBP, and a mixture of these pharmaceuticals induced free radical production, oxidative stress and cyto-genotoxicity in tissues of C. carpio. However, a greater effect was elicited by the mixture than by either pharmaceutical alone in some biomarkers evaluated, particularly in gill. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1637-1650, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariz Islas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, Toluca, Estado de México, 50120, México
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, Toluca, Estado de México, 50120, México
| | - Marcela Galar-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Sección de Graduados e Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de Ayala y Carpio s/n, México, D.F, 11340, México
| | - Esmeralda Michelle Sánchez-Ocampo
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, Toluca, Estado de México, 50120, México
| | - Nely SanJuan-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, Toluca, Estado de México, 50120, México
| | - Mariana Ortíz-Reynoso
- Laboratorio de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, Toluca, Estado de México, 50120, México
| | - Octavio Dublán-García
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, Toluca, Estado de México, 50120, México
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Sheu JR, Chen ZC, Jayakumar T, Chou DS, Yen TL, Lee HN, Pan SH, Hsia CH, Yang CH, Hsieh CY. A novel indication of platonin, a therapeutic immunomodulating medicine, on neuroprotection against ischemic stroke in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42277. [PMID: 28165057 PMCID: PMC5292718 DOI: 10.1038/srep42277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis and stroke are major causes of disability and death worldwide. However, the regular antithrombotic drugs may have unsatisfactory results and side effects. Platonin, a cyanine photosensitizing dye, has been used to treat trauma, ulcers and some acute inflammation. Here, we explored the neuroprotective effects of platonin against middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced ischemic stroke in mice. Platonin(200 μg/kg) substantially reduced cerebral infarct volume, brain edema, neuronal cell death and neurological deficit scores, and improved the MCAO-reduced locomotor activity and rotarod performance. Platonin(5–10 μM) potently inhibited platelet aggregation and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation in collagen-activated platelets. The antiaggregation effect did not affect bleeding time but increased occlusion time in platonin(100 and 200 μg/kg)-treated mice. Platonin(2–10 μM) was potent in diminishing collagen- and Fenton reaction-induced ∙OH formation. Platonin(5–10 μM) also suppressed the expression of nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1β, and JNK phosphorylation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. MCAO-induced expression of 3-nitrotyrosine and Iba1 was apparently attenuated in platonin(200 μg/kg)-treated mice. In conclusion, platonin exhibited remarkable neuroprotective properties against MCAO-induced ischemia in a mouse model through its antiaggregation, antiinflammatory and antiradical properties. The observed therapeutic efficacy of platonin may consider being a novel medcine against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joen-Rong Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhih-Cherng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Cardiology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy &Science, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Thanasekaran Jayakumar
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Duen-Suey Chou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Lin Yen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Ni Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Han Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ying Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Riegger J, Joos H, Palm HG, Friemert B, Reichel H, Ignatius A, Brenner RE. Antioxidative therapy in an ex vivo human cartilage trauma-model: attenuation of trauma-induced cell loss and ECM-destructive enzymes by N-acetyl cysteine. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:2171-2180. [PMID: 27514995 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mechanical trauma of articular cartilage results in cell loss and cytokine-driven inflammatory response. Subsequent accumulation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species enhances the enzymatic degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This study aims on the therapeutic potential of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) in a human ex vivo cartilage trauma-model, focusing on cell- and chondroprotective features. DESIGN Human full-thickness cartilage explants were subjected to a defined impact trauma (0.59 J) and treated with NAC. Efficiency of NAC administration was evaluated by following outcome parameters: cell viability, apoptosis rate, anabolic/catabolic gene expression, secretion and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and proteoglycan (PG) release. RESULTS Continuous NAC administration increased cell viability and reduced the apoptosis rate after trauma. It also suppressed trauma-induced gene expression of ECM-destructive enzymes, such as ADAMTS-4, MMP-1, -2, -3 and -13 in a dosage- and time-depending manner. Subsequent suppression of MMP-2 and MMP-13 secretion reflected these findings on protein level. Moreover, NAC inhibited proteolytic activity of MMPs and reduced PG release. CONCLUSION In the context of this ex vivo study, we showed not only remarkable cell- and chondroprotective features, but also revealed new encouraging findings concerning the therapeutically effective concentration and treatment-time regimen of NAC. Its defense against chondrocyte apoptosis and catabolic enzyme secretion recommends NAC as a multifunctional add-on reagent for pharmaceutical intervention after cartilage injury. Taken together, our data increase the knowledge on the therapeutic potential of NAC after cartilage trauma and presents a basis for future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Riegger
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - H Joos
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - H G Palm
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, German Armed Forces Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - B Friemert
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, German Armed Forces Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - H Reichel
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - A Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - R E Brenner
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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42
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Wang CW, Purkayastha A, Jones KT, Thaker SK, Banerjee U. In vivo genetic dissection of tumor growth and the Warburg effect. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27585295 PMCID: PMC5030086 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A well-characterized metabolic landmark for aggressive cancers is the reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, referred to as the Warburg effect. Models mimicking this process are often incomplete due to genetic complexities of tumors and cell lines containing unmapped collaborating mutations. In order to establish a system where individual components of oncogenic signals and metabolic pathways can be readily elucidated, we induced a glycolytic tumor in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc by activating the oncogene PDGF/VEGF-receptor (Pvr). This causes activation of multiple oncogenic pathways including Ras, PI3K/Akt, Raf/ERK, Src and JNK. Together this network of genes stabilizes Hifα (Sima) that in turn, transcriptionally up-regulates many genes encoding glycolytic enzymes. Collectively, this network of genes also causes inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity resulting in diminished ox-phos levels. The high ROS produced during this process functions as a feedback signal to consolidate this metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Arunima Purkayastha
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Kevin T Jones
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Shivani K Thaker
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Utpal Banerjee
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
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43
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Tilg H, Moschen AR, Szabo G. Interleukin-1 and inflammasomes in alcoholic liver disease/acute alcoholic hepatitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2016; 64:955-65. [PMID: 26773297 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Both alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are characterized by massive lipid accumulation in the liver accompanied by inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in a substantial subgroup of patients. At several stages in these diseases, mediators of the immune system, such as cytokines or inflammasomes, are crucially involved. In ALD, chronic ethanol exposure sensitizes Kupffer cells to activation by lipopolysaccharides through Toll-like receptors, e.g., Toll-like receptor 4. This sensitization enhances the production of various proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, thereby contributing to hepatocyte dysfunction, necrosis, and apoptosis and the generation of extracellular matrix proteins leading to fibrosis/cirrhosis. Indeed, neutralization of IL-1 by IL-1 receptor antagonist has recently been shown to potently prevent liver injury in murine models of ALD. As IL-1 is clearly linked to key clinical symptoms of acute alcoholic hepatitis such as fever, neutrophilia, and wasting, interfering with the IL-1 pathway might be an attractive treatment strategy in the future. An important role for IL-1-type cytokines and certain inflammasomes has also been demonstrated in murine models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. IL-1-type cytokines can regulate hepatic steatosis; the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome is critically involved in metabolic dysregulation. CONCLUSION IL-1 cytokine family members and various inflammasomes mediate different aspects of both ALD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (Hepatology 2016;64:955-965).
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander R Moschen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USAMA
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Santabárbara-Ruiz P, López-Santillán M, Martínez-Rodríguez I, Binagui-Casas A, Pérez L, Milán M, Corominas M, Serras F. ROS-Induced JNK and p38 Signaling Is Required for Unpaired Cytokine Activation during Drosophila Regeneration. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005595. [PMID: 26496642 PMCID: PMC4619769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon apoptotic stimuli, epithelial cells compensate the gaps left by dead cells by activating proliferation. This has led to the proposal that dying cells signal to surrounding living cells to maintain homeostasis. Although the nature of these signals is not clear, reactive oxygen species (ROS) could act as a signaling mechanism as they can trigger pro-inflammatory responses to protect epithelia from environmental insults. Whether ROS emerge from dead cells and what is the genetic response triggered by ROS is pivotal to understand regeneration of Drosophila imaginal discs. We genetically induced cell death in wing imaginal discs, monitored the production of ROS and analyzed the signals required for repair. We found that cell death generates a burst of ROS that propagate to the nearby surviving cells. Propagated ROS activate p38 and induce tolerable levels of JNK. The activation of JNK and p38 results in the expression of the cytokines Unpaired (Upd), which triggers the JAK/STAT signaling pathway required for regeneration. Our findings demonstrate that this ROS/JNK/p38/Upd stress responsive module restores tissue homeostasis. This module is not only activated after cell death induction but also after physical damage and reveals one of the earliest responses for imaginal disc regeneration. Regenerative biology pursues to unveil the genetic networks triggered by tissue damage. Regeneration can occur after damage by cell death or by injury. We used the imaginal disc of Drosophila in which we genetically activated apoptosis or physically removed some parts and monitored the capacity to repair the damage. We found that dying cells generate a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) necessary to activate JNK and p38 signaling pathways in the surrounding living cells. The action of these pathways is necessary for the activation of the cytokines Unpaired (Upd). Eventually, Upd will turn on the JAK/STAT signaling pathway to induce regenerative growth. Thus, we present here a module of signals that depends on oxidative stress and that, through the p38-JNK interplay, will activate cytokine-dependent regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Santabárbara-Ruiz
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireya López-Santillán
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Martínez-Rodríguez
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anahí Binagui-Casas
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lídia Pérez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Milán
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Corominas
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florenci Serras
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Sudo K, Takezawa Y, Kohsaka S, Nakajima K. Involvement of nitric oxide in the induction of interleukin-1 beta in microglia. Brain Res 2015; 1625:121-34. [PMID: 26335060 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In response to in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), microglia induce the production of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) together with nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2(-)). Here we investigated the role of NO and O2(-) in the signaling mechanism by which IL-1β is induced in microglia. The LPS-inducible IL-1β was significantly suppressed by pretreatment with the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide, but not by pretreatment with the O2(-) scavenger N-acetyl cysteine, suggesting the close association of NO with IL-1β induction. The pretreatment of microglia with the inducible NO synthase inhibitor 1400W prior to LPS stimulation significantly reduced the production of IL-1β, and the addition of the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP) into microglia led to the induction of IL-1β. These results suggested that NO induces IL-1β through a specific signaling cascade. LPS-dependent IL-1β induction was significantly suppressed by inhibitors of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor kappaB (NFκB), indicating that ERK/JNK and NFκB serve in the cascade of IL-1β induction. As expected, ERK/JNK and NFκB were all activated in the SNAP-stimulated microglia. Taken together, these results indicate that NO is an important signaling molecule for the ERK/JNK and NFκB activations, which are requisite to the induction of IL-1β in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sudo
- Department of Science and Engineering for Sustainable Innovation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
| | - Yosuke Takezawa
- Department of Science and Engineering for Sustainable Innovation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
| | | | - Kazuyuki Nakajima
- Department of Science and Engineering for Sustainable Innovation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan.
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46
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Su SH, Wu YF, Lin Q, Yu F, Hai J. Cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55,212-2 and fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor URB597 suppress chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling. Neuroscience 2015; 301:563-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Pavlin M, Repič M, Vianello R, Mavri J. The Chemistry of Neurodegeneration: Kinetic Data and Their Implications. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3400-3415. [PMID: 26081152 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We collected experimental kinetic rate constants for chemical processes responsible for the development and progress of neurodegeneration, focused on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic degradation of amine neurotransmitters and their reactive and neurotoxic metabolites. A gross scheme of neurodegeneration on the molecular level is based on two pathways. Firstly, reactive species oxidise heavy atom ions, which enhances the interaction with alpha-synuclein, thus promoting its folding to the beta form and giving rise to insoluble amyloid plaques. The latter prevents the function of vesicular transport leading to gradual neuronal death. In the second pathway, radical species, OH(·) in particular, react with the methylene groups of the apolar part of the lipid bilayer of either the cell or mitochondrial wall, resulting in membrane leakage followed by dyshomeostasis, loss of resting potential and neuron death. Unlike all other central neural system (CNS)-relevant biogenic amines, dopamine and noradrenaline are capable of a non-enzymatic auto-oxidative reaction, which produces hydrogen peroxide. This reaction is not limited to the mitochondrial membrane where scavenging enzymes, such as catalase, are located. On the other hand, dopamine and its metabolites, such as dopamine-o-quinone, dopaminechrome, 5,6-dihydroxyindole and indo-5,6-quinone, also interact directly with alpha-synuclein and reversibly inhibit plaque formation. We consider the role of the heavy metal ions, selected scavengers and scavenging enzymes, and discuss the relevance of certain foods and food supplements, including curcumin, garlic, N-acetyl cysteine, caffeine and red wine, as well as the long-term administration of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and occasional tobacco smoking, that could all act toward preventing neurodegeneration. The current analysis can be employed in developing strategies for the prevention and treatment of neurodegeneration, and, hopefully, aid in the building of an overall kinetic molecular model of neurodegeneration itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matic Pavlin
- Computational Biophysics, German Research School for Simulation Sciences, Joint Venture of RWTH Aachen University and Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.,Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulations (IAS-5/INM-9), 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Matej Repič
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robert Vianello
- Quantum Organic Chemistry Group, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Janez Mavri
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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48
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Reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction in hearing loss. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:617207. [PMID: 25874222 PMCID: PMC4385658 DOI: 10.1155/2015/617207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is involved in several apoptotic and necrotic cell death pathways in auditory tissues. These pathways are the major causes of most types of sensorineural hearing loss, including age-related hearing loss, hereditary hearing loss, ototoxic drug-induced hearing loss, and noise-induced hearing loss. ROS production can be triggered by dysfunctional mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and increases or decreases in ROS-related enzymes. Although apoptotic cell death pathways are mostly activated by ROS production, there are other pathways involved in hearing loss that do not depend on ROS production. Further studies of other pathways, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress and necrotic cell death, are required.
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Dinh CHL, Szabo A, Camer D, Yu Y, Wang H, Huang XF. Bardoxolone methyl prevents fat deposition and inflammation in the visceral fat of mice fed a high-fat diet. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 229:1-8. [PMID: 25637688 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Key features of diet-induced obesity are visceral fat deposition, macrophage infiltration and inflammation that can lead to metabolic disorders. This study examined the effects of bardoxolone methyl (BARD) in preventing obesity and inflammation in the visceral fat of mice fed high-fat diet. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), a low-fat diet (LFD, i.e., lab chow diet) or a high-fat diet supplemented with BARD (HFD/BARD) for 21weeks. BARD at a dosage of 10mg/kg body weight was administered orally in drinking water. Histology, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used for the analysis of epididymal adipose tissue. Morphological results demonstrated that HFD fed mice treated with BARD had smaller adipocytes and fewer macrophages present in epididymal adipose tissue than the HFD group. Furthermore, BARD administration reduced the inflammatory profile in this tissue by increasing the expression of nuclear factor of kappa-light-polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκB-α) protein and decreasing the protein expression of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). BARD also prevented oxidative stress reflected by a reduction in stress activated proteins, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), protein kinase B (Akt), extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). BARD administration activated the sympathetic nervous system in epididymal adipose tissue assessed by the increased synthesis of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). The expression of inflammatory and sympathetic nervous system proteins in BARD mice fed a HFD was equivalent to that of the LFD control mice, indicating the anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity properties of this drug. In conclusion, the oral administration of BARD in HFD mice prevented fat deposition, inflammation and oxidative stress, and improved sympathetic activity in visceral fat. This study suggests a potential therapeutic role of BARD in preventing the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi H L Dinh
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Alexander Szabo
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, NSW 2522, Australia; ANSTO LifeSciences, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Danielle Camer
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Yinghua Yu
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Hongqin Wang
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, NSW 2522, Australia.
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50
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Qin Z, Robichaud P, He T, Fisher GJ, Voorhees JJ, Quan T. Oxidant exposure induces cysteine-rich protein 61 (CCN1) via c-Jun/AP-1 to reduce collagen expression in human dermal fibroblasts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115402. [PMID: 25536346 PMCID: PMC4275215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin is a primary target of oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from both extrinsic and intrinsic sources. Oxidative stress inhibits the production of collagen, the most abundant protein in skin, and thus contributes to connective tissue aging. Here we report that cysteine-rich protein 61 (CCN1), a negative regulator of collagen production, is markedly induced by ROS and mediates loss of type I collagen in human dermal fibroblasts. Conversely, antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine significantly reduced CCN1 expression and prevented ROS-induced loss of type I collagen in both human dermal fibroblasts and human skin in vivo. ROS increased c-Jun, a critical member of transcription factor AP-1 complex, and increased c-Jun binding to the AP-1 site of the CCN1 promoter. Functional blocking of c-Jun significantly reduced CCN1 promoter and gene expression and thus prevented ROS-induced loss of type I collagen. Targeting the c-Jun/CCN1 axis may provide clinical benefit for connective tissue aging in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping Qin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Patrick Robichaud
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Tianyuan He
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gary J. Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - John J. Voorhees
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Taihao Quan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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