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de Oliveira Souza JE, Gomes SMR, Lima AKC, de Souza Brito AC, Da-Silva SAG, de Carvalho Santos Lopes AH, Silva-Neto MAC, Atella GC, Dutra PML. Influence of CK2 protein kinase activity on the interaction between Trypanosoma cruzi and its vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:80. [PMID: 38163833 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Chagas disease, endemic from Latin America, is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and is transmitted by triatomine feces. This parasite undergoes complex morphological changes through its life cycle, promoted by significant changes in signal transduction pathways. The activity of protein kinase CK2 has been described in trypanosomatids. Using a specific peptide and radioactive ATP, we identified CK2 activity on the cellular surface and the cytoplasmic content in Trypanosoma cruzi, apart from the secreted form. Dephosphorylated casein promoted an increase of 48% in the secreted CK2 activity. Total extract of peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c and inactivated human serum promoted an increase of 67% and 36%, respectively, in this activity. The protein secreted by parasites was purified by HPLC and had shown compatibility with the catalytic subunit of mammalian CK2. Incubation of the parasites with CK2 inhibitors, added to the culture medium, prevented their growth. The opposite was observed when CK2 activators were used. Results of interaction between Trypanosoma cruzi and the gut of the vector have revealed that, in the presence of CK2 inhibitors, there is a reduction in the association rate. A similar inhibition profile was seen in the Trypanosoma cruzi-macrophages interaction, confirming the importance of this enzyme in the life cycle of this protozoan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Eliza de Oliveira Souza
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (FCM), State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Shayane Martins Rodrigues Gomes
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (FCM), State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Karina Castro Lima
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (FCM), State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andréia Carolinne de Souza Brito
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (FCM), State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvia Amaral Gonçalves Da-Silva
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (FCM), State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Geórgia Correa Atella
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Maria Lourenço Dutra
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (FCM), State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Simões T, Novais SC, Natal-da-Luz T, Devreese B, de Boer T, Roelofs D, Sousa JP, van Straalen NM, Lemos MFL. Using time-lapse omics correlations to integrate toxicological pathways of a formulated fungicide in a soil invertebrate. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:845-854. [PMID: 30623841 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of an integrative molecular approach can actively improve the evaluation of environmental health status and impact of chemicals, providing the knowledge to develop sentinel tools that can be integrated in risk assessment studies, since gene and protein expressions represent the first response barriers to anthropogenic stress. This work aimed to determine the mechanisms of toxic action of a widely applied fungicide formulation (chlorothalonil), following a time series approach and using a soil model arthropod, Folsomia candida. To link effects at different levels of biological organization, data were collected on reproduction, gene expression and protein levels, in a time series during exposure to a natural soil. Results showed a mechanistic mode of action for chlorothalonil, affecting pathways of detoxification and excretion, immune response, cellular respiration, protein metabolism and oxidative stress defense, causing irregular cell signaling (JNK and NOD ½ pathways), DNA damage and abnormal cell proliferation, leading to impairment in developmental features such as molting cycle and reproduction. The omics datasets presented highly significant positive correlations between the gene expression levels at a certain time-point and the corresponding protein products 2-3 days later. The integrated omics in this study has provided useful insights into pesticide mechanisms of toxicity, evidencing the relevance of such analyses in toxicological studies, and highlighting the importance of considering a time-series when integrating these datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Simões
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal; Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sara C Novais
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal; Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tiago Natal-da-Luz
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bart Devreese
- Laboratory for Microbiology (LM-Ugent), Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Tjalf de Boer
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Roelofs
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - José P Sousa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nico M van Straalen
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
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3
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Simões T, Novais SC, Natal-da-Luz T, Devreese B, de Boer T, Roelofs D, Sousa JP, van Straalen NM, Lemos MFL. An integrative omics approach to unravel toxicity mechanisms of environmental chemicals: effects of a formulated herbicide. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11376. [PMID: 30054531 PMCID: PMC6063884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of integrative molecular approaches can aid in a comprehensive understanding of the effects of toxicants at different levels of biological organization, also supporting risk assessment. The present study aims to unravel the toxicity mechanisms of a widely used herbicide to the arthropod Folsomia candida exposed in a natural soil, by linking effects on reproduction, proteomics and genome-wide gene expression. The EC50 effects on reproduction over 4 weeks was 4.63 mg glyphosate/kg of soil. The formulation included a polyethoxylated tallowamine as an adjuvant, which at 50% effect on reproduction had an estimated concentration of 0.87-1.49 mg/kg of soil. No effects were observed on survival and reproduction when using the isolated active substance, pointing the toxicity of the formulated product to the co-formulant instead of the active ingredient, glyphosate. RNA sequencing and shotgun proteomics were applied to assess differential transcript and protein expressions between exposed and control organisms in time, respectively. Specific functional categories at protein and transcriptome levels were concordant with each other, despite overall limited correlations between datasets. The exposure to this formulation affected normal cellular respiration and lipid metabolism, inducing oxidative stress and leading to impairment in biological life cycle mechanisms such as molting and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Simões
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal.
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Ecological Sciences, Vrije University, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Sara C Novais
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
- Institute of Ecological Sciences, Vrije University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tiago Natal-da-Luz
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bart Devreese
- Laboratory for Microbiology (LM-Ugent), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tjalf de Boer
- Institute of Ecological Sciences, Vrije University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dick Roelofs
- Institute of Ecological Sciences, Vrije University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - José P Sousa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
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Paes MC, Silveira AB, Ventura-Martins G, Luciano M, Coelho MGP, Todeschini AR, Bianconi ML, Atella GC, Silva-Neto MAC. CALCIUM-INDUCED LIPID PEROXIDATION IS MEDIATED BY RHODNIUS HEME-BINDING PROTEIN (RHBP) AND PREVENTED BY VITELLIN. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 90:104-115. [PMID: 26111116 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation is promoted by the quasi-lipoxygenase (QL) activity of heme proteins and enhanced by the presence of free calcium. Unlike mammalian plasma, the hemolymph of Rhodnius prolixus, a vector of Chagas disease, contains both a free heme-binding protein (RHBP) and circulating lipoproteins. RHBP binds and prevents the heme groups of the proteins from participating in lipid peroxidation reactions. Herein, we show that despite being bound to RHBP, heme groups promote lipid peroxidation through a calcium-dependent QL reaction. This reaction is readily inhibited by the presence of ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA), the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene or micromolar levels of the main yolk phosphoprotein vitellin (Vt). The inhibition of lipid peroxidation is eliminated by the in vitro dephosphorylation of Vt, indicating that this reaction depends on the interaction of free calcium ions with negatively charged phosphoamino acids. Our results demonstrate that calcium chelation mediated by phosphoproteins occurs via an antioxidant mechanism that protects living organisms from lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia C Paes
- Laboratório de Interação Tripanossomatídeos e Vetores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes (IBRAG), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Alan B Silveira
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Prédio do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco D, Subsolo, Sala 05, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Guilherme Ventura-Martins
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Prédio do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco D, Subsolo, Sala 05, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Monalisa Luciano
- Laboratório de Interação Tripanossomatídeos e Vetores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes (IBRAG), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marsen G P Coelho
- Laboratório de Interação Tripanossomatídeos e Vetores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes (IBRAG), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Aplicada e Bioquímica de Proteínas e Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes (IBRAG), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Adriane R Todeschini
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia -em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Universidade Federal, Prédio do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco H, Segundo andar, Sala 30, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - M Lucia Bianconi
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Georgia C Atella
- Laboratório de Biocalorimetria, Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Prédio do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco E, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Mário A C Silva-Neto
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Prédio do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco D, Subsolo, Sala 05, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Cunha LR, Cudischevitch CDO, Carneiro AB, Macedo GB, Lannes D, Silva-Neto MACD. Triatominae biochemistry goes to school: evaluation of a novel tool for teaching basic biochemical concepts of Chagas disease vectors. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 42:323-330. [PMID: 24687369 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.20795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate a new approach to teaching the basic biochemistry mechanisms that regulate the biology of Triatominae, major vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. We have designed and used a comic book, "Carlos Chagas: 100 years after a hero's discovery" containing scientific information obtained by seven distinguished contemporary Brazilian researchers working with Triatominaes. Students (22) in the seventh grade of a public elementary school received the comic book. The study was then followed up by the use of Concept Maps elaborated by the students. Six Concept Maps elaborated by the students before the introduction of the comic book received an average score of 7. Scores rose to an average of 45 after the introduction of the comic book. This result suggests that a more attractive content can greatly improve the knowledge and conceptual understanding among students not previously exposed to insect biochemistry. In conclusion, this study illustrates an alternative to current strategies of teaching about the transmission of neglected diseases. It also promotes the diffusion of the scientific knowledge produced by Brazilian researchers that may stimulate students to choose a scientific career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Rodrigues Cunha
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular (LabSiCel) Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, CEP 21941-902; Prédio do Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bloco D Subsolo Sala 05, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, CEP 21941-902
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6
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Ramos IB, Miranda K, de Souza W, Oliveira DMP, Lima APCA, Sorgine MHF, Machado EA. Calcium-regulated fusion of yolk granules is important for yolk degradation during early embryogenesis of Rhodnius prolixusStahl. J Exp Biol 2007; 210:138-48. [PMID: 17170157 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.02652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
This study examined the process of membrane fusion of yolk granules (YGs)during early embryogenesis of Rhodnius prolixus. We show that eggs collected at days 0 and 3 after oviposition contain different populations of YGs, for example day-3 eggs are enriched in large YGs (LYGs). Day-3 eggs also contain the highest free [Ca2+] during early embryogenesis of this insect. In vitro incubations of day-0 YGs with [Ca2+]similar to those found in day-3 eggs resulted in the formation of LYGs, as observed in vivo. Fractionation of LYGs and small YGs (SYGs) and their subsequent incubation with the fluorescent membrane marker PKH67 showed a calcium-dependent transference of fluorescence from SYGs to LYGs, possibly as the result of membrane fusion. Acid phosphatase and H+-PPase activities were remarkably increased in day-3 LYGs and in calcium-treated day-0 LYGs. Both fractions were found to contain vitellins as major components, and incubation of YGs with calcium induced yolk proteolysis in vitro. Altogether, our results suggest that calcium-induced membrane fusion events take part in yolk degradation, leading to the assembly of the yolk mobilization machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Ramos
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária--Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Oliveira DMP, Machado EA. Characterization of a tyrosine phosphatase activity in the oogenesis of Periplaneta americana. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 63:24-35. [PMID: 16921521 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, phosphatase activity was characterized in the ovary and the haemolymph of Periplaneta americana. The optimum pH for these activities was 4.0, and a temperature of 44 degrees C was ideal for the maximal enzyme activity. The phosphatase activities were inhibited by NaF, sodium tartrate, Pi, sodium orthovanadate, and ammonium molybdate. The ovarian phosphatase activity at pH 4.0 was almost exclusive against phosphotyrosine, with little or no effect on the residues of phosphoserine or phosphothreonine. These results indicate that this phosphatase activity is due to the presence of an acid tyrosine phosphatase. The phosphatase activities of acid extracts from P. americana ovaries (OEX) and an acid extract from P. americana haemolymph (HEX) were analyzed in non-denaturant gel electrophoresis using an analog substrate beta-naphtyl phosphate. The gel revealed two bands with phosphatase activity in the ovary and one band in the haemolymph; these bands were excised and submitted to a 10% SDS-PAGE showing a single 70-kDa polypeptide in both samples. Histochemistry of the ovary with alpha-naphtyl phosphate for localization of acid phosphatase activity showed mainly labeling associated to the oocyte peripheral vesicles, basal lamina, and between follicle cells. Electron microscopy analysis showed that acid phosphatase was localized in small peripheral vesicles in the oocyte, but not inside yolk granules. The possible role of this phosphatase during oogenesis and embryogenesis is also discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M P Oliveira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Silveira AB, Castro-Santos J, Senna R, Logullo C, Fialho E, Silva-Neto MAC. Tick vitellin is dephosphorylated by a protein tyrosine phosphatase during egg development: effect of dephosphorylation on VT proteolysis. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 36:200-9. [PMID: 16503481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2006.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2005] [Revised: 12/28/2005] [Accepted: 01/04/2006] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitellin (VT) is a phospholipoglycoprotein that is the main component of arthropod egg yolk. Phosphorylation is a recurrent feature of every VT molecule described so far. However, the role played by such post-translational modification during egg development is not yet clear. In the eggs of the hard tick Boophilus microplus, VT is a phosphotyrosine-containing protein. VT-phosphotyrosine residues are gradually removed during tick embryogenesis due to the action of a 45 kDa egg tyrosine phosphatase. This enzyme is strongly inhibited by ammonium molybdate, sodium vanadate and cupric ion. The role of phosphotyrosine residues in VT proteolytic degradation was evaluated. Western blots probed with a monoclonal anti-phosphotyrosine antibody demonstrated that the high molecular mass VT subunits (VT 1 and VT 2) are the main targets of dephosphorylation during egg development. Both dephosphorylation and proteolysis of VT 1 and VT 2 are blocked by ammonium molybdate in total egg homogenates. When purified VT was dephosphorylated in vitro with lambda phosphatase and then incubated in the presence of bovine cathepsin D, VT proteolysis increased dramatically. Altogether, these data are the first to show that phosphotyrosine residues are present in a yolk protein, and that such residues might be involved in the regulation of VT breakdown during egg development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan B Silveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, P.O. Box 68041, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-590, Brazil
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9
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Ramos IB, Miranda K, De Souza W, Machado EA. Calcium-regulated fusion of yolk granules during early embryogenesis ofPeriplaneta americana. Mol Reprod Dev 2006; 73:1247-54. [PMID: 16868923 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This work reported membrane fusion of yolk granules (YGs) during early embryogenesis of the insect Periplaneta americana (P. americana). We showed that eggs from Day 5 of embryogenesis possess a greater amount of enlarged YGs in comparison with Day 1. Day 5 is also the period when the largest amount of free calcium is found (approximately 17 mM) within the oothecae from early embryogenesis. Treatment of Day 1-YGs fraction with 17 mM Ca2+ resulted in a YG size pattern very similar to the one observed in Day 5 eggs, where enlarged YGs were formed. YG membrane fusion was observed by fluorescent membrane dye transfer from previously labeled small YGs to larger ones and was also visualized by electron microscopy. We also showed that the small "in fusion" YGs seemed to be acidic, suggesting that acidification is correlated with YG membrane fusion. Hence, it was shown that YGs are capable of membrane fusion in a calcium-dependent manner and this process probably occurs in vivo during early embryogenesis of P. americana.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Ramos
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica do Programa de Parasitologia e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Brasil
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Atella GC, Gondim KC, Machado EA, Medeiros MN, Silva-Neto MAC, Masuda H. Oogenesis and egg development in triatomines: a biochemical approach. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2005; 77:405-30. [PMID: 16127549 DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652005000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In triatomines, as well as in other insects, accumulation of yolk is a process in which an extra-ovarian tissue, the fat body, produces yolk proteins that are packed in the egg. The main protein, synthesized by the fat body, which is accumulated inside the oocyte, is vitellogenin. This process is also known as vitellogenesis. There are growing evidences in triatomines that besides fat body the ovary also produces yolk proteins. The way these yolk proteins enter the oocyte will be discussed. Yolk is a complex material composed of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and other minor components which are packed inside the oocyte in an organized manner. Fertilization triggers embryogenesis, a process where an embryo will develop. During embryogenesis the yolk will be used for the construction of a new individual, the first instar nymph. The challenge for the next decade is to understand how and where these egg proteins are used up together with their non-protein components, in pace with the genetic program of the embryo, which enables cell differentiation (early phase of embryogenesis) and embryo differentiation (late phase) inside the egg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia C Atella
- Bloco H, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21944-590, Brazil
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11
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Fialho E, Nakamura A, Juliano L, Masuda H, Silva-Neto MAC. Cathepsin D-mediated yolk protein degradation is blocked by acid phosphatase inhibitors. Arch Biochem Biophys 2005; 436:246-53. [PMID: 15797237 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2005.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Revised: 01/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Vitellin (VT) is a lipoglycophosphoprotein stored inside the eggs of every oviparous organism during oogenesis. In the blood-sucking bug Rhodnius prolixus, VT is deposited inside growing oocytes together with two acid hydrolases: acid phosphatase (AP) and cathepsin D (CD). Egg fertilization triggers AP activity and VT proteolysis in vivo [Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2002 (32) 847]. Here, we show that CD is the main protease targeting VT proteolysis during egg development. CD activity in total egg homogenates is blocked by the classical aspartyl protease inhibitor, pepstatin A. Surprisingly, AP inhibitors such as NaF, Na+/K+ tartrate, and inorganic phosphate also block VT proteolysis, whereas this effect is not observed when tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors such as vanadate and phenylarsine oxide or an inhibitor of alkaline phosphatases such as levamisole are used in a VT proteolysis assay. NaF concentrations that block isolated AP activity do not affect the activity of partially purified CD. Therefore, a specific repressor of VT proteolysis must be dephosphorylated by AP in vivo. In conclusion, these results demonstrate for the first time that acid hydrolases act cooperatively to promote yolk degradation during egg development in arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Fialho
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, P.O. Box 68041, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-590, RJ, Brazil
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12
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Da Silva LG, Azevedo JS, Silva-Neto MA, Lima NRW, Dansa-Petretski M. Effect of parasitism on plasma sex-specific proteins inCyphocarax gilbert(Teleost, Curimatidae). Parasitology 2005; 130:653-9. [PMID: 15977902 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182004007140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cyphocarax gilbert(Szidat, L., 1948) is a fish commonly found in coastal drainage of eastern Brazil. This fish is sometimes caught with signs of infection by the crustaceanRiggia paranensis, a haematophagous parasite. A remarkable feature of infected fish is that they lack gonads. In this paper we have analysed the frequency of parasitism, the gonadal development of non-infected fish and the profile of plasma proteins in both infected and non-infected specimens. Two reproductive periods/year were observed, beginning in February and August. On average, 40% of fish were infected, in the Itabapoana River (Brazil). Sex-specific proteins were identified by electrophoresis. SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrated that a 143 kDa female-specific glycolipoprotein (FSP) is a calcium-binding phosphoprotein. FSP was isolated through ultracentrifugation and SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the native protein is composed of three polypeptides of 143, 100 and 70 kDa. Both FSP and a 33 kDa male-specific protein (MSP) are absent from infected fish plasma. FSP levels in female plasma changes with the developmental stage of gonads. Altogether these data suggest that the FSP corresponds to fish vitellogenin. Furthermore, the absence of the above-mentioned proteins in infected fish suggests thatR. paranensismight interfere with the regular hormonal process of fish vitellogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gomes Da Silva
- Laboratorio de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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13
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Ferraro RB, Sousa JL, Cunha RDC, Meyer-Fernandes JR. Characterization of an ecto-phosphatase activity in malpighian tubules of hematophagous bug Rhodnius prolixus. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 57:40-49. [PMID: 15352154 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have characterized a phosphatase activity present on the external surface of intact Malpighian tubules in Rhodnius prolixus. This phosphatase hydrolyses the substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate at a rate of 3.38 +/- 0.07 nmol Pi x mg(-1) x min(-1). Phosphatase activity decreased with the increase of the pH from 6.4 to 7.6 pH, a range in which tubules cellular integrity was maintained for at least 1 h. Classical inhibitors of acid phosphatase, such as ammonium molybdate, fluoride, vanadate, mpV-PIC, and bpV-PHEN, caused different patters of inhibition. The ecto-phosphatase present an apparent Km of 1.67 +/- 0.34 mM and Vmax of 5.71 +/- 0.37 nmol Pi x mg(-1) x min(-1) for p-NPP. Zinc chloride inhibited 78.2% of ecto-phosphatase activity, with Ki of 0.35 mM. Such inhibition was reversed by incubation with cysteine and GSH, but not DTT, serine, and GSSG, showing that cysteine residues are important for enzymatic activity. Phosphatase activity increased 141% three days after blood meal, and returned to basal levels 2 days later. These results suggest that ecto-phosphatase activity could be involved in a diuretic mechanism, essential in the initial days after a blood meal for the control of Rhodnius homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo B Ferraro
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, ICB, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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14
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Medeiros MN, Mendonça LH, Hunter AL, Paiva-Silva GO, Mello FG, Henze IP, Masuda H, Maya-Monteiro CM, Machado EA. The role of lipoxygenase products on the endocytosis of yolk proteins in insects: participation of cAMP. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 55:178-187. [PMID: 15027072 DOI: 10.1002/arch.10129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The participation of eicosanoids and second messengers in the regulation of endocytosis by the ovaries was investigated using the uptake of Rhodnius heme binding protein (RHBP) as an experimental model. The rate of RHBP uptake decreased up to 40% in the presence of BWA4C and NDGA, 5 and 12-lipoxygenase inhibitors, respectively, suggesting the involvement of lipoxygenase products in endocytosis regulation. Addition of Leukotriene B4 (LTB(4); one product of the 5 lipoxygenase pathway) increased in vitro the uptake of RHBP by 30%. The content of cAMP in the Rhodnius' ovaries were monitored after treatment with different eicosanoids and inhibitors of eicosanoids synthesis. The amount of cAMP decreased in the presence of indomethacin (by 50%), while treatment with PGE(2) induced an increase of 85% of this messenger in the ovaries. The presence of LTB(4) in the medium inhibited in 60% the content of cAMP in the ovaries, while BWA4C induced a 100% increase of this messenger in the ovaries. Addition of 1 microM DBcAMP in the medium resulted in a 30% decrease in the rate of RHBP uptake. Taken together, these data show that cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products participate in the control of protein internalization by modulation of cAMP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Medeiros
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica do Programa de Parasitologia e Biologia Celular, IBCCF, CCS, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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15
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Golodne DM, Monteiro RQ, Graca-Souza AV, Silva-Neto MAC, Atella GC. Lysophosphatidylcholine acts as an anti-hemostatic molecule in the saliva of the blood-sucking bug Rhodnius prolixus. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:27766-71. [PMID: 12740385 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m212421200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-sucking arthropods possess a variety of anti-hemostatic factors in their salivary glands to maintain blood fluidity during feeding. In this work we demonstrate the anti-hemostatic properties of lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) isolated from the salivary glands of Rhodnius prolixus. First, we examined salivary glands of fourth and fifth instar nymphs for their phospholipid composition. The lumen displayed an accumulation of its phospholipid content, mainly phosphatidylcholine and lysoPC, with a 6-fold increase for the latter. To determine the presence of phospholipids in the saliva, fourth instar nymphs were fed with a32P-enriched blood meal. After 28 days their saliva was collected and subjected to lipid extraction, thin-layer chromatography, and autoradiography. The results showed the presence in the saliva of the same phospholipids present in the lumen. We then examined possible biological roles of these phospholipids when compared with other known effects of lysoPC. The luminal lipid extract and purified lysoPC from the lumen and saliva were tested for inhibition of washed rabbit platelets' aggregation induced by alpha-thrombin and platelet-activating factor. Both the luminal lipid extract and salivary lysoPC showed an increasing inhibition of aggregation, which correlated with the response of the platelets to standard lysoPC (up to 13 microg/ml). Next, salivary lysoPC was incubated with porcine arterial endothelial cells for 24 h. After incubation, culture medium was assayed for nitric oxide and showed increased nitric oxide production, similar to control cells exposed to standard lysoPC (up to 20 microg/ml). Together these data demonstrate the presence of lysoPC in the saliva of Rhodnius prolixus and its potential anti-hemostatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Golodne
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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Silva-Neto MAC, Fialho E, Paes MC, Oliveira PL, Masuda H. Cyclic nucleotide-independent phosphorylation of vitellin by casein kinase II purified from Rhodnius prolixus oocytes. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2002; 32:847-857. [PMID: 12110292 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(01)00173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study we show that Vitellin (VT) phosphorylation in chorionated oocytes of Rhodnius prolixus is completely inhibited by heparin (10 microg/ml), a classical casein kinase II (CK II) inhibitor. VT phosphorylation is not affected by modulators of cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases such as c-AMP (10 microM), H-8 (1 microM) and H-89 (0.1 microM). We have obtained a 3000-fold VT-free enriched preparation of CK II. Autophosphorylation of this enzyme preparation in the presence of (32)P-ATP demonstrated that it lacks any endogenous substrates. Rhodnius CK II is strongly inhibited by heparin (Ki = 9 nM) and uses ATP (Km = 36 microM) or GTP (Km = 86 microM) as phosphate donors. Incubation of VT with purified Rhodnius CK II and (32)P-ATP led to the incorporation of 2 mols of phosphate/mol VT. However, the total number of phosphorylation sites available can be altered by previous incubation of VT with alkaline phosphatase. These data show that an insect yolk protein contain phosphorylation sites for a cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase such as CK II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário A C Silva-Neto
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-590, Brazil.
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17
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Fialho E, Silveira AB, Masuda H, Silva-Neto MAC. Oocyte fertilization triggers acid phosphatase activity during Rhodnius prolixus embryogenesis. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2002; 32:871-880. [PMID: 12110294 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(01)00175-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Acid phosphatase activity, previously identified in Rhodnius prolixus oocytes, was studied during egg development. Fertilized eggs exhibited a five fold increase of total acid phosphatase activity during the first days of development. In contrast non-fertilized oviposited eggs showed no activation of this enzyme. An optimum pH of 4.0 for pNPP hydrolysis in a saturable linear reaction and a strong inhibition by lysosomal acid phosphatase inhibitors such as NaF (10 mM) and Na(+)/K(+) tartrate (0.5 mM) are the major biochemical properties of this enzyme. Fractionation of egg homogenates through gel filtration chromatography revealed a single peak of activity with a molecular mass of 94 kDa. The role of this enzyme in VT dephosphorylation was next evaluated. Western blots probed with anti-phosphoserine polyclonal antibody demonstrated that VT phosphoaminoacid content decreases during egg development. In vivo dephosphorylation during egg development was confirmed by following the removal of (32)P from (32)P-VT in metabolically labeled eggs. Vitellin was the only phosphorylated molecule able to inhibit pNPPase activity of partially purified acid phosphatase. These data indicate that acid phosphatase activation follows oocyte fertilization and this enzyme seems to be involved in VT dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Fialho
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, P.O. Box 68041, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-590, RJ, Brazil
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18
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Abdu U, Davis C, Khalaila I, Sagi A. The vitellogenin cDNA of Cherax quadricarinatus encodes a lipoprotein with calcium binding ability, and its expression is induced following the removal of the androgenic gland in a sexually plastic system. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2002; 127:263-72. [PMID: 12225768 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-6480(02)00053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Oocyte maturation in decapod crustaceans is a two step process. Primary vitellogenesis is followed by a variable hiatus that lasts up to the onset of secondary vitellogenesis, which is marked by the rapid accumulation of yolk proteins in the oocytes. We have cloned a complete Cherax quadricarinatus vitellogenin cDNA. The sequenced cDNA contains a 2584 aa open reading frame which shows sequence similarity to vitellogenins from other crustaceans. The mRNA encodes at least two of the previously identified vitellin components, indicating that the primary translation product is subject to post-translational modification, including proteolytic cleavage. The region close to the 3(') end of the mRNA encodes a previously characterized negatively charged protein (provisionally designated P(106)). We show here that the negative charge of P(106) could be due to its ability to bind calcium. Northern blot data show that this gene is expressed as a single 8000 nt transcript and is present in the hepatopancreas of secondary-vitellogenic females. Primary vitellogenic and other tissues examined in male and female animals were negative. In sexually plastic intersex animals, removal of the androgenic gland results in vitellogenin transcription, indicating that the gene is negatively regulated by the androgenic gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Abdu
- Department of Life Sciences and the Institute for Applied Biosciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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Silva-Neto MAC, Carneiro AB, Vieira DP, Mesquita RD, Lopes AHCS. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) activates casein kinase 2 in the protozoan parasite Herpetomonas muscarum muscarum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 293:1358-63. [PMID: 12054663 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Herpetomonas muscarum muscarum is a flagellate parasite of the family Trypanosomatidae, whose cell differentiation can be triggered by the lipid mediator, PAF. In this study we demonstrate for the first time that PAF effect relies on the activation of casein kinase 2 (CK2). The classical antagonist of PAF receptor, WEB 2086, abrogated PAF-enhanced CK2 activity. CK2 activation by PAF was also inhibited when parasite extracts were assayed in the presence of modulators of PKC, MAPK, and both Ser/Thr and Tyr phosphatases. Finally, a cell permeable inhibitor of CK2 (DRB) suppressed PAF-induced cell differentiation in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário A C Silva-Neto
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, ICB, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, P.O. Box 68041, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-590, RJ, Brazil.
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20
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Medeiros MN, Oliveira DMP, Paiva-Silva GO, Silva-Neto MAC, Romeiro A, Bozza M, Masuda H, Machado EA. The role of eicosanoids on Rhodnius heme-binding protein (RHBP) endocytosis by Rhodnius prolixus ovaries. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2002; 32:537-545. [PMID: 11891130 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(01)00132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The participation of eicosanoids and second messengers on the regulation of RHBP endocytosis by the ovaries was investigated, using [(125)I]RHBP in experiments in vivo and in vitro. Addition of PGE(2) (one of the products of the cyclooxygenase pathway) decreased in vitro the uptake of RHBP by 35%. The rate of RHBP endocytosis increased in the presence of indomethacin, a potent cyclooxigenase inhibitor, up to 50% in vitro and up to 55% in vivo, thus giving support to the role of cyclooxygenase derivatives on endocytosis regulation. The amount of PGE(2) secreted to the culture medium by the cells of Rhodnius prolixus ovaries was 1.1 ng/ovary following RHBP uptake assay. The amount of PGE(2) decreases approximately 25% in the presence of 5 microM indomethacin. Using a scanning electron microscope we have observed that neither the surface area nor the patencies of follicle cells were affected by treatment with indomethacin, thus suggesting that, its effect is elicited in the oocyte. Finally, we have identified two ovarian peptides that were dephosphorylated after the indomethacin treatment (18 and 25 kDa). Taken together these data show that local mediators such as eicosanoids act upon the oocytes controlling RHBP endocytosis, perhaps using the protein phosphorylation signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo N Medeiros
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica do Programa de Parasitologia e Biologia Celular, IBCCF, CCS, UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21,941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Costa-Filho A, Werneck CC, Nasciutti LE, Masuda H, Atella GC, Silva LF. Sulfated glycosaminoglycans from ovary of Rhodnius prolixus. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2001; 31:31-40. [PMID: 11102832 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(00)00101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have characterized sulfated glycosaminoglycans from ovaries of the blood-sucking insect Rhodnius prolixus, and determined parameters of their synthesis and distribution within this organ by biochemical and histochemical procedures. The major sulfated glycosaminoglycan is heparan sulfate while chondroitin 4-sulfate is a minor component. These glycosaminoglycans are concentrated in the ovarian tissue and are not found inside the oocytes. Besides this, we detected the presence of a sulfated compound distinguished from sulfated glycosaminoglycans and possibly derived from sulfated proteins. Conversely to the compartmental location of sulfated glycosaminoglycans, the unidentified sulfated compound is located in the ovarian tissue as well as inside the oocytes. Based on these and other findings, the possible roles of ovarian sulfated glycosaminoglycans on the process of oogenesis in these insects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Costa-Filho
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Machado EA, Oliveira PL, Moreira MF, de Souza W, Masuda H. Uptake of Rhodnius heme-binding protein (RHBP) by the ovary of Rhodnius prolixus. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 39:133-143. [PMID: 9880903 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6327(1998)39:4<133::aid-arch1>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of RHBP (Rhodnius heme-binding protein) by the ovaries of Rhodnius prolixus was characterized. RHBP purified from occyte was labeled with 125I and used to study the process of uptake by the ovary in vivo and in vitro. After injection, the [125I]RHBP was readily removed from the hemolymph and accumulated especially in the ovary. The capacity of the ovary to take up [125I]RHBP from the hemolymph varied during the days following blood meal. It increased up to day 2, remained stable until day 5, and then decreased up to the end of oogenesis. In vitro, the uptake of [125I]RHBP was linear at least up to 60 min. The uptake was dependent on [125I]RHBP concentration and showed to be a saturable process. The addition of a molar excess of non-related proteins such as Vitellin (Vt), Lipophorin (Lp), and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) did not reduce [125I]RHBP uptake. Using immunogold technique the RHBP was localized at the microvilli, coated pits, and yolk granules. The main yolk protein, Vt, did not compete with RHBP for the uptake. Thus, it is discussed here that they bind to independent binding sites of the oocytes, and are directed later on to the same compartment. The need of both proteins for the completion of mature oocyte was verified in vivo. The reduction of heme-RHBP in the hemolymph, by changing the diet, decreased the number of eggs laid. Increasing the concentration of heme-RHBP in the hemolymph, the number of eggs produced increased in a dose dependent manner. In vitro, both apo-RHBP and heme-RHBP can be taken up by the oocyte. Since the mature oocyte contains only heme-saturated RHBP, the possible fate of apo-RHBP is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Coelho HS, Atella GC, Moreira MF, Gondim KC, Masuda H. Lipophorin density variation during oogenesis on Rhodnius prolixus. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1997; 35:301-313. [PMID: 9177134 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6327(199705)35:3<301::aid-arch4>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The density of lipophorin was determined in adult females of Rhodnius prolixus on different days after a meal. Several populations od lipoproteins, differing in density but always in the range of HDL, were found in the hemolymph. The density of the major population was analyzed and a complex profile of density variation was found associated with the principal metabolic events in these insects digestion and oogenesis. During the initial three days after the blood meal, with the onset of the digestive process, the density of lipophorin decreased from 1.1185 g/l to 1.1095 g/l, associated with the transfer of lipids from midgut to the lipophorin particles. During the period of intense vitellogenesis and lipid uptake by the ovary, the lipophorin density started to increase and reached the value, 1.1322 g/l, and remained stable up to the end of oogenesis. As soon as the requirement of lipids to build up the oocytes ceased, the density of lipophorin decreased to its initial value associated with the transfer of lipids from fat body to lipophorin. Soon after the blood meal the midgut was the main source of lipids capable of replenishing the lipophorin particles, while the fat body assumed this function during the succeeding days and reached its maximum capacity around day 10, as estimated by the rate of lipid transfer. The principal lipids transferred were phospholipids and diacylglycerols. Except in the protein/lipid ratio no major changes were observed among different lipids isolated from lipophorin of different densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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