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Tchoukalova YD, Phung TN, Kennedy MM, Miranda-Grandjean D, Becquer E, Chen L, Zhang N, Dinu V, Wilson MA, Lott DG. Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis Is Associated With More Frequent and Abnormal Squamous Metaplasia. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2024; 133:214-223. [PMID: 37740367 DOI: 10.1177/00034894231201016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gain insights into the pathophysiology of idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) by investigating differences in transcriptome of subglottic mucosal tissue between patients with iSGS and controls, and between tracheal and subglottic tissue within patients. METHODS RNA sequencing was conducted on biopsied mucosal samples collected from subglottic and tracheal (in-patient control) regions in iSGS patients, and from subglottis in controls. The gene expression differences were validated on a protein level by (1) staining the tissue samples obtained from a second cohort of patients and controls; and (2) in vitro functional assays using primary subglottic epithelial cells from both iSGS patients and healthy donors. RESULTS We found 7 upregulated genes in the subglottic region of iSGS patients relative to both the tracheal mucosa and subglottic region of controls. A gene ontology enrichment analysis found that the epithelial cell differentiation and cornification pathways are significant, involving specifically 3 of the genes: involucrin (IVL), small proline rich protein 1B (SPRR1B), and keratin 16 (KRT16). Involvement of these pathways suggests squamous metaplasia of the epithelium. Histological analyses of epithelium in subglottic mucosal biopsies revealed squamous metaplasia in 41% of the samples from iSGS patients and in 25% from controls. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the samples presented with squamous epithelium revealed increased expression of the protein encoded by SPRR1B, hyperproliferative basal cells, shedding of apical layers, and accompanying lesions in iSGS compared to CTRL. Cultured primary subglottic epithelial cells from iSGS patients had higher proliferation rates compared to healthy donors and squamous metaplastic differentiation formed thinner epithelia with increased expression proteins encoded by INV, SPRR1B, and KRT16, suggesting intrinsic dysfunction of basal cells in iSGS. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal squamous differentiation of epithelial cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of iSGS. Patients having metaplastic epithelial phenotype may be sensitive to drugs that reverse it to a normal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yourka D Tchoukalova
- Head and Neck Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Tanya N Phung
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Faculty of Science, Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maeve M Kennedy
- Head and Neck Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Emanuel Becquer
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Contexture, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Longwen Chen
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo, AZ Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Valentin Dinu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Melissa A Wilson
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - David G Lott
- Head and Neck Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Laryngology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Magnano GC, Quadri M, Palazzo E, Lotti R, Loschi F, Dall'Acqua S, Abrami M, Larese Filon F, Marconi A, Hasa D. 3D human foreskin model for testing topical formulations of sildenafil citrate. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123612. [PMID: 37992980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Sildenafil citrate is an approved drug used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. Despite a widespread application, sildenafil citrate shows numerous adverse cardiovascular effects in high-risk patients. Local transdermal drug delivery of this drug is therefore being explored as an interesting and noninvasive alternative administration method that avoids adverse effects arised from peak plasma drug concentrations. Although human and animal skin represents the most reliable models to perform penetration studies, they involve a series of ethical issues and restrictions. For these reasons new in vitro approaches based on artificially reconstructed human skin or "human skin equivalents" are being developed as possible alternatives for transdermal testing. There is little information, however, on the efficiency of such new in vitro methods on cutaneous penetration of active ingredients. The objective of the current study was to investigate the sildenafil citrate loaded in three commercial transdermal vehicles using 3D full-thickness skin equivalent and compare the results with the permeability experiments using porcine skin. Our results demonstrated that, while the formulation plays an imperative role in an appropriate dermal uptake of sildenafil citrate, the D coefficient results obtained by using the 3D skin equivalent are comparable to those obtained by using the porcine skin when a simple drug suspension is applied (1.17 × 10-10 ± 0.92 × 10-10 cm2/s vs 3.5 × 102 ± 3.3 × 102 cm2/s), suggesting that in such case, this 3D skin model can be a valid alternative for ex-vivo skin absorption experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Camilla Magnano
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Trieste, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy.
| | - Marika Quadri
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Palazzo
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberta Lotti
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Loschi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Pharmacology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Pharmacology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Abrami
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Marconi
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Dritan Hasa
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy.
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Roy RR, Ochiai T, Shimada K, Hasegawa H. Comprehensive cornified envelope protein profile of odontogenic keratocysts clarifies the characteristics of non-keratinized oral epithelium. J Oral Pathol Med 2023; 52:758-765. [PMID: 37438940 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Odontogenic keratocysts constitute 10%-20% of odontogenic cysts and exhibit a distinctive corrugated parakeratinized lining epithelium. Considering that cornified envelope formation is an important phenomenon during keratinocyte differentiation, this study aimed to clarify the characteristics of cornified envelope formation in odontogenic keratocysts. METHODS We investigated the cellular distribution of cornified envelope-related proteins (transglutaminases and their substrates), as well as the upstream regulatory protein c-Fos, by immunohistochemical analysis of the lining epithelium of 20 odontogenic keratocysts. We examined the corresponding mRNA levels by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Ten dentigerous cysts served as control non-keratinized cysts. RESULTS The distributions of transglutaminase and their substrates except loricrin and small protein-rich protein 1a significantly differed between odontogenic keratocysts and dentigerous cysts. There was no significant difference in c-Fos expression between odontogenic keratocysts and dentigerous cysts. The mRNA levels of transglutaminases and their substrates were significantly higher in odontogenic keratocysts than in dentigerous cysts. However, c-Fos mRNA levels did not significantly differ between groups. CONCLUSION Surprisingly, the overall appearance of cornified envelope-related proteins of odontogenic keratocysts was consistent with the characteristics of non-keratinized oral mucosa identified in previous studies. These findings indicate that the contribution of cornified envelope-related molecules in odontogenic keratocysts is similar to that in non-keratinized oral epithelium, rather than keratinized oral epithelium, suggesting that odontogenic keratocysts are not genuine keratinized cysts. The upregulation of cornified envelope-related genes in odontogenic epithelium could be an important pathognomonic event during odontogenic keratocyst development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita R Roy
- Department of physiology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Takanaga Ochiai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Division of Oral Pathogenesis & Disease Control, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | | | - Hiromasa Hasegawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
- Hard Tissue Pathology Unit, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
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Lemaire G, Olivero M, Rouquet V, Moga A, Pagnon A, Cenizo V, Portes P. Neryl acetate, the major component of Corsican Helichrysum italicum essential oil, mediates its biological activities on skin barrier. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0268384. [PMID: 36867611 PMCID: PMC9983847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Corsican Helichrysum italicum essential oil (HIEO) is characterized by high concentrations of neryl acetate, and we previously demonstrated that Corsican HIEO increases the expression of genes that are part of the differentiation complex (involucrin, small proline rich proteins, late cornified envelope, S100 protein family). The biological activities of HIEO and neryl acetate (NA) were compared to identify how NA contributes to HIEO activity on human skin. NA, as a part component of HIEO, was tested on skin explant models for 24 hours and 5 days in comparison with HIEO. We analyzed the biological regulations in the skin explant by transcriptomic analysis, skin barrier protein immunofluorescence, lipid staining and ceramide analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 41.5% of HIEO-modulated genes were also regulated by NA and a selected panel of genes were confirmed by qquantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis. Those genes are involved in epidermal differentiation, skin barrier formation and ceramide synthesis. Involucrin (IVL), involved in formation of the cornified envelope (CE), was upregulated at both gene and protein levels after 24 hours and 5 days respectively. After 5 days of treatment, total lipids and ceramides were also increased. Our results demonstrate that NA mediates a large part of Corsican HIEO activity on skin barrier formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alain Moga
- QIMA Life Sciences–Synelvia, Labège, France
| | | | | | - Pascal Portes
- Laboratoires M&L SA–Groupe L’Occitane, Manosque, France
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Samulevich ML, Shamilov R, Aneskievich BJ. Thermostable Proteins from HaCaT Keratinocytes Identify a Wide Breadth of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins and Candidates for Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214323. [PMID: 36430801 PMCID: PMC9692912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) move through an ensemble of conformations which allows multitudinous roles within a cell. Keratinocytes, the predominant cell type in mammalian epidermis, have had only a few individual proteins assessed for intrinsic disorder and its possible contribution to liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), especially in regard to what functions or structures these proteins provide. We took a holistic approach to keratinocyte IDPs starting with enrichment via the isolation of thermostable proteins. The keratinocyte protein involucrin, known for its resistance to heat denaturation, served as a marker. It and other thermostable proteins were identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and subjected to extensive bioinformatic analysis covering gene ontology, intrinsic disorder, and potential for LLPS. Numerous proteins unique to keratinocytes and other proteins with shared expression in multiple cell types were identified to have IDP traits (e.g., compositional bias, nucleic acid binding, and repeat motifs). Among keratinocyte-specific proteins, many that co-assemble with involucrin into the cell-specific structure known as the cornified envelope scored highly for intrinsic disorder and potential for LLPS. This suggests intrinsic disorder and LLPS are previously unrecognized traits for assembly of the cornified envelope, echoing the contribution of intrinsic disorder and LLPS to more widely encountered features such as stress granules and PML bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Samulevich
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06292-3092, USA
| | - Rambon Shamilov
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06292-3092, USA
| | - Brian J. Aneskievich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-860-486-3053; Fax: +1-860-486-5792
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Antipsoriatic Potential of Quebecol and Its Derivatives. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061129. [PMID: 35745702 PMCID: PMC9227144 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease mainly characterized by the hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of the epidermal keratinocytes. An interesting phenolic compound, namely quebecol (2,3,3-tri-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol) (compound 1, CPD1), was isolated from maple syrup in 2011 and was recently synthesized. Quebecol and its derivatives ethyl 2,3,3-tris(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propenoate (compound 2, CPD2) and bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methane (compound 3, CPD3) have shown antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory potential, making them promising candidates for the treatment of psoriasis. This study aimed to evaluate the antipsoriatic potential of quebecol and its derivatives on psoriatic skin substitutes produced according to the self-assembly method. A sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay determining the concentration that inhibits 20% of cell growth (IC20) was performed for CPD1, CPD2 and CPD3, and their IC20 values were 400, 150 and 350 μM, respectively. At these concentrations, cell viability was 97%, 94% and 97%, respectively. The comparative control methotrexate (MTX) had a cell viability of 85% at a concentration of 734 μM. Histological analyses of psoriatic skin substitutes treated with CPD1, CPD2 and CPD3 exhibited significantly reduced epidermal thickness compared with untreated psoriatic substitutes, which agreed with a decrease in keratinocyte proliferation as shown by Ki67 immunofluorescence staining. The immunofluorescence staining of differentiation markers (keratin 14, involucrin and loricrin) showed improved epidermal differentiation. Taken together, these results highlight the promising potential of quebecol and its derivatives for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Anti-Aging Effects of a Serum Based on Coconut Oil Combined with Deer Antler Stem Cell Extract on a Mouse Model of Skin Aging. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040597. [PMID: 35203249 PMCID: PMC8870445 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-aging is one of the top goals in the field of health care and aesthetics. Anti-aging cosmetics derived from nature are oriented to long-term development, bringing safety to users and being environmentally friendly. The aim of this study was to develop an anti-aging cosmetic formulation process based on coconut oil in combination with deer antler stem cell extract. The results show that the presence of deer antler stem cell extract added to the foundation made the serum product highly stable and helped improve skin aging significantly after 2 weeks of use. The skin site where the serum product was applied showed a smooth and elastic skin surface, with very few fine lines and shallow wrinkles. Serum reduced the number of wrinkles (48.09% compared to commercial serum (ME) and 60.31% compared to positive control (PC)), reduced skin recovery time (39.31% compared to ME and 67.1% of PC) after two weeks of use. After 2 weeks of use, collagen density increased 10.18% compared to ME and 63.76% compared to control. Epidermal thickness increased by 106.1% compared to PC and 121.7% compared to ME.
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8
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Hou T, Tsang MS, Chu IM, Kan LL, Hon K, Leung T, Lam CW, Wong C. Skewed inflammation is associated with aberrant interleukin-37 signaling pathway in atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2021; 76:2102-2114. [PMID: 33569791 DOI: 10.1111/all.14769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a severe global burden on physical, physiological, and mental health. The role of IL-37, a fundamental inhibitor of immunity, in AD was herein explored. METHOD Serum levels of IL-37 and T helper (Th) 2-related inflammatory mediators were quantified in subjects with or without AD. The expression of IL-37 receptors was determined by flow cytometry. Proteomics was employed to explore the serum protein profile and novel biomarkers. In vitro cell model, 3D-keratinocytes mimicking skin model, and the serum of subjects with or without AD were investigated to verify the proteomic results. RESULTS AD patients were found to present with higher levels of total and specific IgE as well as Th2 inflammatory mediators compared with healthy controls (HC). IL-37 level and its receptor IL18Rɑ expression in AD patients were significantly decreased, together with increased population of eosinophils, indicating that the signaling of IL37/IL18Rɑ was dampened. In addition, proteomic analysis revealed a significantly differential protein profile of AD patients compared with HC. IL-37 showed the strongest negative correlation with involucrin, a keratinizing epithelia protein. IL-37 was verified to suppress induced involucrin expression in in vitro skin cell models. AD patients show a significantly higher serum concentration of involucrin compared with HC. Together, our results demonstrated that IL-37 plays a regulatory role in AD. Its deficiency may lead to the aberrant involucrin expression in AD. CONCLUSIONS The dysregulation of serum protein and skin disruption in AD is related to the insufficiency of IL-37 and its attenuated anti-inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianheng Hou
- Department of Chemical Pathology Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Miranda Sin‐Man Tsang
- Department of Chemical Pathology Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Ida Miu‐Ting Chu
- Department of Chemical Pathology Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Lea Ling‐Yu Kan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Kam‐Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics The Chinese University of Hong KongPrince of Wales Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Ting‐Fan Leung
- Department of Paediatrics The Chinese University of Hong KongPrince of Wales Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Christopher Wai‐Kei Lam
- Faculty of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines Macau University of Science and Technology Macau China
| | - Chun‐Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
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Roy RR, Shimada K, Murakami S, Hasegawa H. Contribution of transglutaminases and their substrate proteins to the formation of cornified cell envelope in oral mucosal epithelium. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12760. [PMID: 33501693 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cornified envelope formation is crucial for the final differentiation of keratinized epithelium. However, the mechanisms of cornified envelope formation in the oral epithelium remain unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the differences in the distribution and expression of cornified envelope related proteins and genes between keratinized and non-keratinized oral epithelia. We immunohistochemically investigated the distribution patterns of transglutaminase 1 (TG1), transglutaminase 3 (TG3), and their substrate proteins involucrin (IVL), loricrin (LOR), and small proline rich proteins (SPRs), in 19 keratinized and 14 non-keratinized oral epithelium samples. TG1 and TG3 mRNA levels were investigated in both types of epithelium by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using paraffin-embedded specimens. Data were analyzed to identify factors involved in cornified envelope formation. We demonstrate that 11 localization patterns show statistically significant differences between keratinized and non-keratinized oral epithelia. These factors clearly drove the separation of the two groups during cluster analysis. TG1 mRNA levels in keratinized oral epithelium were significantly higher than those in non-keratinized oral epithelium. In conclusion, the characteristic distribution of transglutaminases and their substrates and the mRNA levels of TG1 can regulate cornified envelope formation in keratinized oral epithelium, together with the contribution of TG3 first reported in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rani Roy
- Hard Tissue Pathology Unit, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Katsumitsu Shimada
- Department of Oral Pathology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Satoshi Murakami
- Department of Oral Pathology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hasegawa
- Hard Tissue Pathology Unit, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
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Joly-Tonetti N, Ondet T, Monshouwer M, Stamatas GN. EGFR inhibitors switch keratinocytes from a proliferative to a differentiative phenotype affecting epidermal development and barrier function. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:5. [PMID: 33402117 PMCID: PMC7786949 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADR) associated with oncology therapy involve 45-100% of patients receiving kinase inhibitors. Such adverse reactions may include skin inflammation, infection, pruritus and dryness, symptoms that can significantly affect the patient's quality of life. To prevent severe skin damages dose adjustment or drug discontinuation is often required, interfering with the prescribed oncology treatment protocol. This is particularly the case of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor inhibitors (EGFRi) targeting carcinomas. Since the EGFR pathway is pivotal for epidermal keratinocytes, it is reasonable to hypothesize that EGFRi also affect these cells and therefore interfere with the epidermal structure formation and skin barrier function. METHODS To test this hypothesis, the effects of EGFRi and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor inhibitors (VEGFRi) at therapeutically relevant concentrations (3, 10, 30, 100 nM) were assessed on proliferation and differentiation markers of human keratinocytes in a novel 3D micro-epidermis tissue culture model. RESULTS EGFRi directly affect basal keratinocyte growth, leading to tissue size reduction and switching keratinocytes from a proliferative to a differentiative phenotype, as evidenced by decreased Ki67 staining and increased filaggrin, desmoglein-1 and involucrin expression compared to control. These effects lead to skin barrier impairment, which can be observed in a reconstructed human epidermis model showing a decrease in trans-epidermal water loss rates. On the other hand, pan-kinase inhibitors mainly targeting VEGFR barely affect keratinocyte differentiation and rather promote a proliferative phenotype. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to the mechanistic understanding of the clinically observed CADR during therapy with EGFRi. These in vitro results suggest a specific mode of action of EGFRi by directly affecting keratinocyte growth and barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Joly-Tonetti
- Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France, 1 Rue Camille Desmoulins, 92787, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Thomas Ondet
- Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France, 1 Rue Camille Desmoulins, 92787, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Mario Monshouwer
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Discovery Sciences, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Georgios N Stamatas
- Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France, 1 Rue Camille Desmoulins, 92787, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France.
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Han Y, Li X, Yan J, Ma C, Wang X, Pan H, Zheng X, Zhang Z, Gao B, Ji XY. Bioinformatic Analysis Identifies Potential Key Genes in the Pathogenesis of Melanoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:581985. [PMID: 33178610 PMCID: PMC7596746 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.581985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest skin tumor and is prone to distant metastases. The incidence of melanoma has increased rapidly in the past few decades, and current trends indicate that this growth is continuing. This study was aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of melanoma pathogenesis and discover underlying pathways and genes associated with melanoma. We used high-throughput expression data to study differential expression profiles of related genes in melanoma. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of melanoma in GSE15605, GSE46517, GSE7553, and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by paired t-test. Then the DEGs were performed cluster and principal component analyses and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction. After that, we analyzed the differential genes through bioinformatics and got hub genes. Finally, the expression of hub genes was confirmed in the TCGA databases and collected patient tissue samples. Total 144 up-regulated DEGs and 16 down-regulated DEGs were identified. A total of 17 gene ontology analysis (GO) terms and 11 pathways were closely related to melanoma. Pathway of pathways in cancer was enriched in 8 DEGs, such as junction plakoglobin (JUP) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In the PPI networks, 9 hub genes were obtained, such as loricrin (LOR), filaggrin (FLG), keratin 5 (KRT5), corneodesmosin (CDSN), desmoglein 1 (DSG1), desmoglein 3 (DSG3), keratin 1 (KRT1), involucrin (IVL), and EGFR. The pathway of pathways in cancer and its enriched DEGs may play important roles in the process of melanoma. The hub genes of DEGs may become promising melanoma candidate genes. Five key genes FLG, DSG1, DSG3, IVL, and EGFR were identified in the TCGA database and melanoma tissues. The results suggested that FLG, DSG1, DSG3, IVL, and EGFR might play important roles and potentially be valuable in the prognosis and treatment of melanoma. These hub genes might well have clinical significance as diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Han
- Clinical Laboratory, Functional Laboratory and Department of Stomatology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Functional Laboratory and Department of Stomatology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiliang Yan
- Clinical Laboratory, Functional Laboratory and Department of Stomatology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chunyan Ma
- Clinical Laboratory, Functional Laboratory and Department of Stomatology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Functional Laboratory and Department of Stomatology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Clinical Laboratory, Functional Laboratory and Department of Stomatology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- Hospital Infection Control Office, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Functional Laboratory and Department of Stomatology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Biao Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, Functional Laboratory and Department of Stomatology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, China
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12
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Karim N, Phinney BS, Salemi M, Wu PW, Naeem M, Rice RH. Human stratum corneum proteomics reveals cross-linking of a broad spectrum of proteins in cornified envelopes. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28:618-622. [PMID: 30916809 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Defects in keratinocyte transglutaminase (TGM1), resulting in an improper protein scaffold for deposition of the lipid barrier, comprise a major source of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. For that reason, the composition and formation of the cornified (cross-linked) protein envelope of the epidermis have been of considerable interest. Since the isopeptide cross-linked protein components are not individually isolable once incorporated, purified envelopes were analysed by mass spectrometry after trypsin digestion. Quantitative estimates of the identified components revealed some 170 proteins, each comprising at least 0.001% of the total, of which keratins were major constituents accounting for ≈74% of the total. Some prevalent non-keratin constituents such as keratinocyte proline-rich protein, loricrin and late envelope protein-7 were preferentially incorporated into envelopes. The results suggest a model where, as previously observed in hair shaft and nail plate, a diversity of cellular proteins are incorporated. They also help rationalize the minimal effect on epidermis of ablating genes for specific single envelope structural components. The quantitative profile of constituent proteins provides a foundation for future exploration of envelope perturbations that may occur in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Karim
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical Genetics Research Laboratory, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Brett S Phinney
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Michelle Salemi
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Pei-Wen Wu
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California.,Forensic Science Program, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical Genetics Research Laboratory, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Robert H Rice
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California.,Forensic Science Program, University of California, Davis, California
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13
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LC-MS/MS-based quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of CHO-K1 cells adapted to growth in glutamine-free media. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2523-2536. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Jhong JH, Chi YH, Li WC, Lin TH, Huang KY, Lee TY. dbAMP: an integrated resource for exploring antimicrobial peptides with functional activities and physicochemical properties on transcriptome and proteome data. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:D285-D297. [PMID: 30380085 PMCID: PMC6323920 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), naturally encoded from genes and generally contained 10–100 amino acids, are crucial components of the innate immune system and can protect the host from various pathogenic bacteria, as well as viruses. In recent years, the widespread use of antibiotics has inspired the rapid growth of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms that usually induce critical infection and pathogenesis. An increasing interest therefore was motivated to explore natural AMPs that enable the development of new antibiotics. With the potential of AMPs being as new drugs for multidrug-resistant pathogens, we were thus motivated to develop a database (dbAMP, http://csb.cse.yzu.edu.tw/dbAMP/) by accumulating comprehensive AMPs from public domain and manually curating literature. Currently in dbAMP there are 12 389 unique entries, including 4271 experimentally verified AMPs and 8118 putative AMPs along with their functional activities, supported by 1924 research articles. The advent of high-throughput biotechnologies, such as mass spectrometry and next-generation sequencing, has led us to further expand dbAMP as a database-assisted platform for providing comprehensively functional and physicochemical analyses for AMPs based on the large-scale transcriptome and proteome data. Significant improvements available in dbAMP include the information of AMP–protein interactions, antimicrobial potency analysis for ‘cryptic’ region detection, annotations of AMP target species, as well as AMP detection on transcriptome and proteome datasets. Additionally, a Docker container has been developed as a downloadable package for discovering known and novel AMPs on high-throughput omics data. The user-friendly visualization interfaces have been created to facilitate peptide searching, browsing, and sequence alignment against dbAMP entries. All the facilities integrated into dbAMP can promote the functional analyses of AMPs and the discovery of new antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Hua Jhong
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Chi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Li
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Tsai-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yao Huang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Tzong-Yi Lee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 75523519551;
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15
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Choi E, Kang YG, Hwang SH, Kim JK, Hong YD, Park WS, Kim D, Kim E, Cho JY. In Vitro Effects of Dehydrotrametenolic Acid on Skin Barrier Function. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244583. [PMID: 31847353 PMCID: PMC6943483 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydrotrametenolic acid (DTA) is a lanostane-type triterpene acid isolated from Poria cocos Wolf (Polyporaceae). Several studies have reported the anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects of DTA; however, its effects on the skin are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of DTA on skin barrier function in vitro and its regulatory mechanism in human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT cells. DTA increased the microRNA (mRNA) expression of natural moisturizing factor-related genes, such as HAS-2, HAS-3, and AQP3 in HaCaT cells. DTA also upregulated the mRNA expression of various keratinocyte differentiation markers, including TGM-1, involucrin, and caspase-14. Moreover, the protein expression of HAS-2, HAS-3, and TGM-2 were significantly increased by DTA. To examine the regulatory mechanisms of DTA, Western blotting, luciferase-reporter assays, and RT-PCR were conducted. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and IκBα were increased in DTA-treated HaCaT cells. In addition, AP-1 and NF-κB transcriptional factors were dose-dependently activated by DTA. Taken together, our in vitro mechanism studies indicate that the regulatory effects of DTA on skin hydration and keratinocyte differentiation are mediated by the MAPK/AP-1 and IκBα/NF-κB pathways. In addition, DTA could be a promising ingredient in cosmetics for moisturizing and increased skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Choi
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (E.C.); (S.-H.H.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Young-Gyu Kang
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin 17074, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (Y.D.H.); (W.-S.P.); (D.K.)
| | - So-Hyeon Hwang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (E.C.); (S.-H.H.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Jin Kyeong Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (E.C.); (S.-H.H.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Yong Deog Hong
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin 17074, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (Y.D.H.); (W.-S.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Won-Seok Park
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin 17074, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (Y.D.H.); (W.-S.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin 17074, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (Y.D.H.); (W.-S.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (E.C.); (S.-H.H.); (J.K.K.)
- Correspondence: (E.K.); or (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7860 (E.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (E.C.); (S.-H.H.); (J.K.K.)
- Correspondence: (E.K.); or (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7860 (E.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
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16
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Kim Y, Park N, Rim YA, Nam Y, Jung H, Lee K, Ju JH. Establishment of a complex skin structure via layered co-culture of keratinocytes and fibroblasts derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:217. [PMID: 30103800 PMCID: PMC6090613 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0958-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skin is an organ that plays an important role as a physical barrier and has many other complex functions. Skin mimetics may be useful for studying the pathophysiology of diseases in vitro and for repairing lesions in vivo. Cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) have emerged as a potential cell source for regenerative medicine. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from CBMCs have great potential for allogenic regenerative medicine. Further study is needed on skin differentiation using CBMC-iPSCs. Methods Human iPSCs were generated from CBMCs by Sendai virus. CBMC-iPSCs were differentiated to fibroblasts and keratinocytes using embryonic body formation. To generate CBMC-iPSC-derived 3D skin organoid, CBMC-iPSC-derived fibroblasts were added into the insert of a Transwell plate and CBMC-iPSC-derived keratinocytes were seeded onto the fibroblast layer. Transplantation of 3D skin organoid was performed by the tie-over dressing method. Results Epidermal and dermal layers were developed using keratinocytes and fibroblasts differentiated from cord blood-derived human iPSCs, respectively. A complex 3D skin organoid was generated by overlaying the epidermal layer onto the dermal layer. A humanized skin model was generated by transplanting this human skin organoid into SCID mice and effectively healed skin lesions. Conclusions This study reveals that a human skin organoid generated using CBMC iPSCs is a novel tool for in-vitro and in-vivo dermatologic research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0958-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yena Kim
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Narae Park
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeri Alice Rim
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoojun Nam
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerin Jung
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kijun Lee
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.
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17
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In vitro anti-inflammatory and skin protective properties of Virgin coconut oil. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 9:5-14. [PMID: 30671361 PMCID: PMC6335493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been traditionally used as moisturizer since centuries by people in the tropical region. Clinical studies have revealed that VCO improves the symptoms of skin disorders by moisturizing and soothing the skin. However, the mechanistic action of VCO and its benefits on skin has not been elucidated in vitro. The cytotoxicity (CTC50) of VCO was 706.53 ± 2.1 and 787.15 ± 1.1 μg/mL in THP-1 (Human monocytes) and HaCaT (Human keratinocytes) cells respectively. VCO inhibited TNF-α (62.34 ± 3.2 %), IFN-γ (42.66 ± 2.9 %), IL-6 (52.07 ± 2.0 %), IL-8 (53.98 ± 1.8 %) and IL-5 (51.57 ± 2.6 %) respectively in THP-1 cells. Involucrin (INV) and filaggrin (FLG) content increased by 47.53 ± 2.1 % and 40.45 ± 1.2 % respectively in HaCaT cells. VCO increased the expression of Aquaporin-3 (AQP3), involucrin (INV) and filaggrin (FLG) and showed moderate UV protection in HaCaT cells. In vitro skin irritation studies in Reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) and NIH3T3 cells showed that VCO is a non skin irritant (IC50 > 1000 μg/mL) and non phototoxic (PIF < 2). Our study demonstrated the anti inflammatory activity of VCO by suppressing inflammatory markers and protecting the skin by enhancing skin barrier function. This is the first report on anti-inflammatory and skin protective benefits of VCO in vitro. Overall, the results warrant the use of VCO in skin care formulations.
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18
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Olivier E, Dutot M, Regazzetti A, Dargère D, Auzeil N, Laprévote O, Rat P. Lipid deregulation in UV irradiated skin cells: Role of 25-hydroxycholesterol in keratinocyte differentiation during photoaging. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 169:189-197. [PMID: 27208628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Skin photoaging due to UV irradiation is a degenerative process that appears more and more as a growing concern. Lipids, including oxysterols, are involved in degenerative processes; as skin cells contain various lipids, the aim of our study was to evaluate first, changes in keratinocyte lipid levels induced by UV exposure and second, cellular effects of oxysterols in cell morphology and several hallmarks of keratinocyte differentiation. Our mass spectrometry results demonstrated that UV irradiation induces changes in lipid profile of cultured keratinocytes; in particular, ceramides and oxysterols, specifically 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OH), were increased. Using holography and confocal microscopy analyses, we highlighted cell thickening and cytoskeletal disruption after incubation of keratinocytes with 25-OH. These alterations were associated with keratinocyte differentiation patterns: autophagy stimulation and intracellular calcium increase as measured by cytofluorometry, and increased involucrin level detected by immunocytochemistry. To conclude, oxysterol deregulation could be considered as a common marker of degenerative disorders. During photoaging, 25-OH seems to play a key role inducing morphological changes and keratinocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Olivier
- UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; Soliance-Givaudan, Route de Bazancourt, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Mélody Dutot
- UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire d'Evaluation Physiologique, Yslab, 2 rue Félix le Dantec, 29000 Quimper, France
| | - Anne Regazzetti
- UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Dargère
- UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Auzeil
- UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Laprévote
- UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Patrice Rat
- UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
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19
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Ganief T, Gqamana P, Garnett S, Hoare J, Stein DJ, Joska J, Soares N, Blackburn JM. Quantitative proteomic analysis of HIV-1 Tat-induced dysregulation in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 28101920 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite affecting up to 70% of HIV-positive patients and being the leading cause of dementia in patients under 40 years, the molecular mechanisms involved in the onset of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are not well understood. To address this, we performed SILAC-based quantitative proteomic analysis on HIV-Tat treated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Isolated protein was fractionated by SDS-PAGE and analyzed by nLC-MS/MS on an Orbitrap Velos. Using MaxQuant, we identified and quantified 3077 unique protein groups, of which 407 were differentially regulated. After applying an additional standard deviation-based cutoff, 29 of these were identified as highly significantly and stably dysregulated. GO term analysis shows dysregulation in both protein translation machinery as well as cytoskeletal regulation that have both been implicated in other dementias. In addition, several key cytoskeletal regulatory proteins such as ARHGEF17, the Rho GTPase, SHROOM3, and CMRP1 are downregulated. Together, these data demonstrate that HIV-Tat can dysregulate neuronal cytoskeletal regulatory proteins that could lead to the major HAND clinical manifestation-synapse loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Ganief
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Putuma Gqamana
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shaun Garnett
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jackie Hoare
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, South Africa.,MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - John Joska
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nelson Soares
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan M Blackburn
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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20
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Pitolli C, Pietroni V, Marekov L, Terrinoni A, Yamanishi K, Mazzanti C, Melino G, Candi E. Characterization of TG2 and TG1-TG2 double knock-out mouse epidermis. Amino Acids 2016; 49:635-642. [PMID: 27864691 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGs) are a family of enzymes that catalyse the formation of isopeptide bonds between the γ-carboxamide groups of glutamine residues and the ε-amino groups of lysine residues leading to cross-linking reactions among proteins. Four members, TG1, TG2, TG3, and TG5, of the nine mammalian enzymes are expressed in the skin. TG1, TG3 and TG5 crosslinking properties are fundamental for cornified envelope assembly. In contrast, the role of TG2 in keratinization has never been studied at biochemical level in vivo. In this study, taking advantage of the TG2 knock-out (KO) and TG1 heterozygous mice, we generated and characterized the epidermis of TG1-TG2 double knock-out (DKO) mice. We performed morphological analysis of the epidermis and evaluation of the expression of differentiation markers. In addition, we performed analysis of the amino acid composition from isolated corneocytes. We found a significant change in amino acid composition in TG1KO cornified cell envelopes (CEs) while TG2KO amino acid composition was similar to wild-type CEs. Our results confirm a key role of TG1 in skin differentiation and CE assembly and demonstrate that TG2 is not essential for CE assembly and skin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Pitolli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Pietroni
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Kiyofumi Yamanishi
- Department of Dermatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | | | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
- Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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21
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Expression of Transglutaminase in Foreskin of Children with Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091551. [PMID: 27649154 PMCID: PMC5037824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder of unclear etiology. The etiology and the exact molecular mechanisms underlying the disease are still unknown. The human transglutaminase (TG) family consists of several proteins with catalytic activity essential for biological processes. In the present research we investigated the transcript levels of three TGs in patients operated on for congenital phimosis without or with histologically confirmed BXO; Thirty children with acquired phimosis were enrolled. The removed foreskins were sent both for histological diagnosis and for quantitative real-time PCR to evaluate the transcript levels of keratinocyte (TG1), tissue (TG2), and epidermal (TG3) transglutaminase; We observed a decrease in TG1 and TG3 transcripts by about 70% (p < 0.001) in foreskins from patients with BXO (n = 15) in comparison with patients without BXO (n = 15) and an increase in TG2 mRNA levels by 2.9 folds (p < 0.001); Reduced expression of both TG1 and TG3 was associated with the altered structure of the foreskin in BXO and can be a consequence of damage to keratinocytes. Increased expression of TG2 can be the result of chronic inflammation. TG2 overexpression can play a pivotal role in triggering and maintaining the inflammatory response in BXO patients.
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22
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Zeng YP, Nguyen GH, Jin HZ. MicroRNA-143 inhibits IL-13-induced dysregulation of the epidermal barrier-related proteins in skin keratinocytes via targeting to IL-13Rα1. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 416:63-70. [PMID: 27048505 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2696-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by the dysregulation of the epidermal barrier and the immune system. Interleukin (IL)-13, a key T helper 2 cytokine, has been shown to impair the epidermal barrier function via downregulating epidermal barrier proteins. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides that act as negative regulators of gene expression at posttranscriptional levels. MicroRNA-143 is known to be a tumor suppressor in various tumors; however, its role in the regulation of allergic diseases including atopic dermatitis remains elusive. In this study, we investigated whether IL-13Rα1 was a microRNA-143 target to regulate the effects of IL-13 on epidermal barrier function. After the stimulation of IL-13 in human epidermal keratinocytes, the level of microRNA-143 was decreased. The luciferase activity of the vector containing 3'UTR of IL-13Rα1 was decreased in keratinocytes transfected with microRNA-143 mimic compared to those of the corresponding controls. The forced expression of microRNA-143 mimic blocked the IL-13-induced downregulation of filaggrin, loricrin, and involucrin in epidermal keratinocytes. Collectively, these data suggest that microRNA-143 suppresses IL-13 activity and inflammation through targeting of IL-13Rα1 in epidermal keratinocytes. MicroRNA-143 may serve as a potential preventive and therapeutic target in atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ping Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Giang Huong Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hong-Zhong Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Niehues H, van Vlijmen-Willems IMJJ, Bergboer JGM, Kersten FFJ, Narita M, Hendriks WJAJ, van den Bogaard EH, Zeeuwen PLJM, Schalkwijk J. Late cornified envelope (LCE) proteins: distinct expression patterns of LCE2 and LCE3 members suggest nonredundant roles in human epidermis and other epithelia. Br J Dermatol 2016; 174:795-802. [PMID: 26556599 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deletion of the late cornified envelope (LCE) proteins LCE3B and LCE3C is a strong and widely replicated psoriasis risk factor. It is amenable to biological analysis because it precludes the expression of two epidermis-specific proteins, rather than being a single-nucleotide polymorphism of uncertain significance. The biology of the 18-member LCE family of highly homologous proteins has remained largely unexplored so far. OBJECTIVES To analyse LCE3 expression at the protein level in human epithelia, as a starting point for functional analyses of these proteins in health and disease. METHODS We generated the first pan-LCE3 monoclonal antibody and provide a detailed analysis of its specificity towards individual LCE members. LCE2 and LCE3 expression in human tissues and in reconstructed human skin models was studied using immunohistochemical analyses and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Our study reveals that LCE2 and LCE3 proteins are differentially expressed in human epidermis, and colocalize only in the upper stratum granulosum layer. Using an in vitro reconstructed human skin model that mimics epidermal morphogenesis, we found that LCE3 proteins are expressed at an early time point during epidermal differentiation in the suprabasal layers, while LCE2 proteins are found only in the uppermost granular layer and stratum corneum. CONCLUSIONS Based on the localization of LCE2 and LCE3 in human epidermis we conclude that members of the LCE protein family are likely to have distinct functions in epidermal biology. This finding may contribute to understanding why LCE3B/C deletion increases psoriasis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Niehues
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - I M J J van Vlijmen-Willems
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J G M Bergboer
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - F F J Kersten
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M Narita
- Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, The Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, U.K
| | - W J A J Hendriks
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - E H van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - P L J M Zeeuwen
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Lanzini J, Dargère D, Regazzetti A, Tebani A, Laprévote O, Auzeil N. Changing in lipid profile induced by the mutation of Foxn1 gene: A lipidomic analysis of Nude mice skin. Biochimie 2015; 118:234-43. [PMID: 26427556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nude mice carry a spontaneous mutation affecting the gene Foxn1 mainly expressed in the epidermis. This gene is involved in several skin functions, especially in the proliferation and the differentiation of keratinocytes which are key cells of epithelial barrier. The skin, a protective barrier for the body, is essentially composed of lipids. Taking into account these factors, we conducted a lipidomic study to search for any changes in lipid composition of skin possibly related to Foxn1 mutation. Lipids were extracted from skin biopsies of Nude and BALB/c mice to be analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to a high resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS). Multivariate and univariate data analyses were carried out to compare lipid extracts. Identification was performed using HRMS data, retention time and mass spectrometry fragmentation study. These results indicate that mutation of Foxn1 leads to significant modifications in the lipidome in Nude mice skin. An increase in cholesterol sulfate, phospholipids, sphingolipids and fatty acids associated with a decrease in glycerolipids suggest that the lipidome in mice skin is regulated by the Foxn1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Lanzini
- UMR CNRS 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de L'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Dargère
- UMR CNRS 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de L'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Anne Regazzetti
- UMR CNRS 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de L'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Abdellah Tebani
- UMR CNRS 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de L'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Laprévote
- UMR CNRS 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de L'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; AP-HP, Service de Toxicologie Biologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, 4 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Nicolas Auzeil
- UMR CNRS 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de L'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
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Li XM, Choi DK, Lim SK, Ahn IS, Kim DI, Piao YJ, Kim CD, Lee JH. Stimulation of keratinocyte differentiation by extract of combined medicinal plant. J Biomed Res 2014. [DOI: 10.12729/jbr.2014.15.4.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Sundaramurthi D, Krishnan UM, Sethuraman S. Epidermal differentiation of stem cells on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanofibers. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 42:2589-99. [PMID: 25253468 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials with stem cells have evolved as a promising therapeutic strategy to regenerate various tissues. Tissue engineered grafts with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) can offer a cell-based therapeutic strategy for deep wounds like burns and traumatic ulcers. In this study, we have fabricated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) nanofibers through electrospinning. The adhesion, proliferation and epidermal differentiation of BM-MSCs on PHBV nanofibers were investigated. Epidermal differentiation media containing epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin, 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), Hydrocortisone and 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin (D3) were used to trigger differentiation of BM-MSCs on PHBV. The proliferation of BM-MSCs on PHBV was significantly higher than the tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) control (p < 0.05). Live/dead staining of BM-MSCs on PHBV nanofibers confirmed the change in morphology of BM-MSCs from spindle to polygonal shape indicating their differentiation into keratinocytes. The expression levels of the genes keratin (early), filaggrin (intermediate) and involucrin (late) that are involved in epidermal differentiation were upregulated in a stage-specific manner. Our results demonstrate the potential of PHBV nanofibers in promoting adhesion and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. This novel cellular nanofiber construct can be a better alternative to the existing therapies for skin tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhakshinamoorthy Sundaramurthi
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613401, India
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27
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Currò M, Matarese G, Isola G, Caccamo D, Ventura VP, Cornelius C, Lentini M, Cordasco G, Ientile R. Differential expression of transglutaminase genes in patients with chronic periodontitis. Oral Dis 2014; 20:616-23. [PMID: 24112124 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gingival epithelium plays a key role in the protection of oral tissues from microbial challenge, especially during the periodontal disease. This study was aimed to evaluate levels of mRNA transcripts of different forms of transglutaminase in the human gingival tissues from patients with chronic periodontitis and relative controls. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study included 22 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and 22 healthy controls. For each patient, the values of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. Gene expression of transglutaminase 1, transglutaminase 2, transglutaminase 3, and metalloprotease 2 was evaluated by real-time PCR, while that of Factor XIIIA and metalloprotease 9 by RT-PCR. RESULTS The values of all the clinical parameters were significantly higher in the CP group than in the healthy control group (P < 0.05). In the CP group, the mRNA expression of transglutaminase 1 and transglutaminase 3 was significantly decreased in comparison with healthy control group. A slight nonsignificant changes of transglutaminase 2 gene expression were observed in samples from CP patients in comparison with controls. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that transglutaminase gene expression may be modified in response to chronic injury in the damaged gingival and emphasizes the key role of these enzymes in gingival remodelling/healing and adaptive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Currò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, AOU Policlinico "G. Martino", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Candi E, Melino G. The human squamous epithelial cell envelope: the structural model by Peter M Steinert. Cell Death Differ 2013; 20:965-6. [PMID: 23832145 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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29
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Chew YC, Adhikary G, Xu W, Wilson GM, Eckert RL. Protein kinase C δ increases Kruppel-like factor 4 protein, which drives involucrin gene transcription in differentiating keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:17759-68. [PMID: 23599428 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.477133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
KLF4 is a member of the Kruppel-like factor family of transcriptional regulators. KLF4 has been shown to be required for normal terminal differentiation of keratinocytes, but the molecular mechanism whereby KLF4 regulates genes associated with the differentiation process has not been studied. In the present study, we explore the impact of KLF4 on expression of involucrin, a gene that is specifically expressed in differentiated keratinocytes. KLF4 overexpression and knockdown studies show that involucrin mRNA and protein level correlates directly with KLF4 level. Moreover, studies of mutant KLF4 proteins indicate that transcriptionally inactive forms do not increase involucrin expression. PKCδ is a regulator of keratinocyte differentiation that increases expression of differentiation-associated target genes, including involucrin. Overexpression of KLF4 augments the PKCδ-dependent increase in involucrin expression, whereas KLF4 knockdown attenuates this response. The KLF4 induction of human involucrin (hINV) promoter activity is mediated via KLF4 binding to a GC-rich element located in the hINV promoter distal regulatory region, a region of the promoter required for in vivo involucrin expression. Mutation of the GC-rich element, an adjacent AP1 factor binding site, or both sites severely attenuates the response. Moreover, loss of KLF4 in an epidermal equivalent model of differentiation results in loss of hINV expression. These studies suggest that KLF4 is part of a multiprotein complex that interacts that the hINV promoter distal regulatory region to drive differentiation-dependent hINV gene expression in epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yap Ching Chew
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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Theerawatanasirikul S, Sailasuta A, Thanawongnuwech R, Suriyaphol G. Alterations of keratins, involucrin and filaggrin gene expression in canine atopic dermatitis. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:1287-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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31
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Pigors M, Kiritsi D, Cobzaru C, Schwieger-Briel A, Suárez J, Faletra F, Aho H, Mäkelä L, Kern JS, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Has C. TGM5 Mutations Impact Epidermal Differentiation in Acral Peeling Skin Syndrome. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:2422-2429. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Adly MA, Assaf HA. Analysis of the expression pattern of involucrin in human scalp skin and hair follicles: hair cycle-associated alterations. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 138:683-92. [PMID: 22798010 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-0986-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Involucrin is a structural component of the keratinocyte cornified envelope that is expressed early in the keratinocyte differentiation process. It is a component of the initial envelope scaffolding and considered as a marker for keratinocyte terminal differentiation. The expression pattern of involucrin in human scalp skin and hair follicle cycle stages is not fully explored. This study addresses this issue and tests the hypothesis that "the expression of involucrin undergoes hair follicle cycle-dependent changes". A total of 50 normal human scalp skin biopsies were examined (healthy females, 51-62 years) using immunofluorescence staining methods and real-time PCR analysis. In each case, 50 hair follicles were analyzed (35, 10 and 5 follicles in anagen, catagen and telogen, respectively). Involucrin was prominently expressed in the human scalp skin and hair follicles, on both gene and protein levels. The protein expression showed hair follicle cycle-associated changes i.e. a very strong expression during early and mature anagen, intermediate to strong expression during catagen and prominent decline in the telogen phase. The expression value of involucrin in both anagen and catagen was statistically significantly higher than that of telogen hair follicles (p < 0.001). This study provides the first morphologic indication that involucrin is differentially expressed in the human scalp skin and hair follicles and reports that involucrin expression pattern undergoes hair cycle-dependent changes. The clinical ramifications of these findings are open for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Adly
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohâg, Egypt.
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Zhou LL, Lin ZX, Fung KP, Che CT, Zhao M, Cheng CHK, Zuo Z. Ethyl acetate fraction of Radix rubiae inhibits cell growth and promotes terminal differentiation in cultured human keratinocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 142:241-247. [PMID: 22580026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Chinese medicine practice, Radix rubiae, the dry root of Rubia cordifolia L. is commonly used for the treatment of psoriasis. AIM OF THE STUDY Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by hyperproliferation and aberrant differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes. Our previous studies identified Radix rubiae to have potent antiproliferative action on cultured HaCaT keratinocytes and to induce keratinocyte differentiation in mouse tail model. The present study aimed to investigate whether Radix rubiae could also induce terminal differentiation in cultured human keratinocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS The cornified envelope (CE) formation assay showed that ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of Radix rubiae significantly accentuated the CE formation, a well-recognized marker of terminal differentiation, in cultured HEK and HaCaT cells in a dose and time dependent manner. Western blot analyses demonstrated that EA fraction of Radix rubiae at a concentration of 3.2μg/ml significantly increased transglutaminase type I and involucrin expression in both HEK and HaCaT keratinocytes after 96 h treatment, a response similar to that of Ca²⁺ positive control. Moreover, the expression level of cytokeratin 5/14, which is specifically related to cell proliferation, was significantly downregulated while terminal differentiation markers cytokeratin 1/10 were markedly increased by Radix rubiae treatment in both HEK and HaCaT cells. CONCLUSION The present experimental findings unequivocally confirmed the keratinocyte terminal differentiation promoting capacity of Radix rubiae, and strongly suggest that Radix rubiae is a promising antipsoriatic agent warranting further clinical development for psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Li Zhou
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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Biological activities of dermatological interest by the water extract of the microalga Botryococcus braunii. Arch Dermatol Res 2012; 304:755-64. [PMID: 22684780 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of microalgae in the skin care market is already established although the scientific rationale for their benefit was not clearly defined. In this work, the biological activities of dermatologic interest of the water extract from the microalga Botryococcus braunii (BBWE) were evaluated by a battery of in vitro assays. At concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.001 % (w/v) BBWE promoted adipocytes differentiation by inhibiting hormone-sensitive lipase, thus promoting triglyceride accumulation in the cells. BBWE also induced gene expression of proteins involved in the maintenance of skin cells water balance such as aquaporin-3 (AQP3), filaggrin (FLG) and involucrin (INV). 0.1 % BBWE increased the gene expression of AQP3 of 2.6-folds, that of FLG and INV of 1.5- and 1.9-folds, respectively. Moreover, it induced the biosynthesis of collagen I and collagen III by 80 and 40 %, respectively, compared to the untreated control. BBWE antioxidant activity, evaluated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, was of 43.5 μmol Trolox per gram of extract: a quite high value among those found for other microalgae extracts. BBWE inhibited the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression and the consequent nitrite oxide (NO) production under oxidative stress. At a concentration of 0.02 % BBWE reduced by 50 % the expression of iNOS and by about 75 % the NO production. Taken together, the results demonstrated that B. braunii water extract exerted an array of biological activities concurring with the skin health maintenance; therefore, it is a potential bioactive ingredient to be included in cosmetic products.
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Yoneda K, Nakagawa T, Lawrence OT, Huard J, Demitsu T, Kubota Y, Presland RB. Interaction of the profilaggrin N-terminal domain with loricrin in human cultured keratinocytes and epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:1206-14. [PMID: 22277945 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the two coexpressed differentiation markers, profilaggrin and loricrin, is not clear right now. In this study, we explored the interaction of profilaggrin N-terminal domain (PND) with loricrin in keratinocytes and epidermis. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopic analysis of human epidermis showed that PND colocalized with loricrin. Loricrin nucleofected into HaCaT cells colocalized with PND in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The PND localizes to both the nucleus and cytoplasm of epidermal granular layer cells. Nucleofected PND also colocalized with keratin 10 (K10) in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis of human epidermis confirmed the findings in nucleofected keratinocytes. Yeast two-hybrid assays showed that the B domain of human and mouse PND interacted with loricrin. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down analysis using recombinant GST-PND revealed that PND interacted with loricrin and K10. Knockdown of PND in an organotypic skin culture model caused loss of filaggrin expression and a reduction in both the size and number of keratohyalin granules, as well as markedly reduced expression of loricrin. Considering that expression of PND is closely linked to keratinocyte terminal differentiation, we conclude that PND interacts with loricrin and K10 in vivo and that these interactions are likely to be relevant for cornified envelope assembly and subsequent epidermal barrier formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Yoneda
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.
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Hoffner G, Vanhoutteghem A, André W, Djian P. Transglutaminase in epidermis and neurological disease or what makes a good cross-linking substrate. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 78:97-160. [PMID: 22220473 DOI: 10.1002/9781118105771.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guylaine Hoffner
- Unité Propre de Recherche 2228 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Régulation de la Transcription et Maladies Génétiques, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Hasegawa T, Shimada H, Uchiyama T, Ueda O, Nakashima M, Matsuoka Y. Dietary glucosylceramide enhances cornified envelope formation via transglutaminase expression and involucrin production. Lipids 2011; 46:529-35. [PMID: 21416143 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-011-3546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether dietary glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and its metabolite sphingoid bases, sphingosine (SS), phytosphingosine (PS), sphingadienine (SD) and 4-hydroxysphingenine (4HS), influence cornified envelope (CE) formation. CE is formed during terminal differentiation of the epidermis through crosslinking of specific precursor proteins by transglutaminases (TGases), and is essential for the skin's barrier function. Oral administration of GlcCer (0.25 mg/day) for 14 consecutive days dramatically reduced transepidermal water loss, an indicator of the skin barrier condition, in hairless mice with barrier perturbation induced by single-dose ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. The GlcCer treatment also increased the level of TGase-1 mRNA in UVB-irradiated murine epidermis approximately 1.6-fold compared with the control. Further, all four sphingoid bases at 1 μM concentration enhanced CE formation of cultured normal human keratinocyte cells. Among them, SS, PS and SD, but not 4HS, stimulated production of involucrin, one of the CE major precursor proteins. SD increased the expression of TGase-1 mRNA, while SS increased the expression of TGase-3 mRNA. These results indicate that the skin barrier improvement induced by oral GlcCer treatment might be at least partly due to a reinforcement of CE formation in the epidermis mediated by sphingoid bases metabolically derived from GlcCer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Hasegawa
- Shiseido Functional Food Research and Development Center, 2-12-1 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8643, Japan.
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Desfougères Y, Jardin J, Lechevalier V, Pezennec S, Nau F. Succinimidyl residue formation in hen egg-white lysozyme favors the formation of intermolecular covalent bonds without affecting its tertiary structure. Biomacromolecules 2010; 12:156-66. [PMID: 21166442 DOI: 10.1021/bm101089g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein chemical degradations occur naturally into living cells as soon as proteins have been synthesized. Among these modifications, deamidation of asparagine or glutamine residues has been extensively studied, whereas the intermediate state, a succinimide derivative, was poorly investigated because of the difficulty of isolating those transient species. We used an indirect method, a limited thermal treatment in the dry state at acidic pH, to produce stable cyclic imide residues in hen lysozyme molecules, enabling us to examine the structural and functional properties of so modified proteins. Five cyclic imide rings have been located at sites directly accessible to solvent and did not lead to any changes in secondary or tertiary structures. However, they altered the catalytic properties of lysozyme and significantly decreased the intrinsic stability of the molecules. Moreover, dimerization occurred during the treatment, and this phenomenon was proportional to the extent of chemical degradation. We propose that succinimide formation could be responsible for covalent bond formation under specific physicochemical conditions that could be found in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Desfougères
- Agrocampus Ouest and INRA, UMR1253 STLO, F-35042 Rennes, France.
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Tennessen JA, Madeoy J, Akey JM. Signatures of positive selection apparent in a small sample of human exomes. Genome Res 2010; 20:1327-34. [PMID: 20693481 DOI: 10.1101/gr.106161.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Exome sequences, which comprise all protein-coding regions, are promising data sets for studies of natural selection because they offer unbiased genome-wide estimates of polymorphism while focusing on the portions of the genome that are most likely to be functionally important. We examine genomic patterns of polymorphism within 10 diploid autosomal exomes of European and African descent. Using coalescent simulations, we show how polymorphism, site frequency spectra, and intercontinental divergence in these samples would be influenced by different modes of positive selection. We examine putatively selected loci from four previous genome-wide scans of SNP genotypes and demonstrate that these regions indeed show unusual population genetic patterns in the exome data. Using a series of conservative criteria based on exome polymorphism, we are able to fine-scale map signatures of selection, in many cases pinpointing a single candidate SNP. We also identify and evaluate novel candidate selection genes that show unusual patterns of polymorphism. We sequence a portion of one novel candidate locus, IVL, in 74 individuals from multiple continents and examine global genetic diversity. Thus, we confirm, narrow, and supplement existing catalogs of putative targets of selection, and show that exome data sets, which are likely to soon become common, will be powerful tools for identifying adaptive genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Tennessen
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5065, USA.
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Kim JH, Choi DK, Lee SS, Choi SJ, Kim CD, Yoon TJ, Lee JH. Enhancement of keratinocyte differentiation by rose absolute oil. Ann Dermatol 2010; 22:255-61. [PMID: 20711260 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2010.22.3.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Through differentiation processes, keratinocytes provide a physical barrier to our bodies and control skin features such as moisturization, wrinkles and pigmentation. Keratinocyte differentiation is disturbed in several skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the keratinocyte differentiation-enhancing effect of rose absolute oil (RAO). METHODS Primary cultured human normal keratinocytes were treated with RAO, and differentiation then checked by the expression of marker genes. RESULTS RAO did not induce cytotoxicity on cultured keratinocytes at a dose of 10microM. The level of involucrin, an early marker for keratinocyte differentiation, was significantly increased by RAO. Concomitantly, RAO increased involucrin promoter activity, indicating that RAO increased involucrin gene expression at the mRNA level. Furthermore, RAO increased the level of filaggrin in cultured keratinocytes, and in the granular layer of mouse skin. In line with these results, RAO decreased the proliferation of keratinocytes cultured in vitro. When RAO was applied topically on the tape-stripped mouse skins, it accelerated the recovery of disturbed barrier function. CONCLUSION These results suggest that RAO may be applicable for the control of skin texture and keratinocyte differentiation-related skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hwa Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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Jiang H, Jans R, Xu W, Rorke EA, Lin CY, Chen YW, Fang S, Zhong Y, Eckert RL. Type I transglutaminase accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum may be an underlying cause of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:31634-46. [PMID: 20663883 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.128645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I transglutaminase (TG1) is an enzyme that is responsible for assembly of the keratinocyte cornified envelope. Although TG1 mutation is an underlying cause of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis, a debilitating skin disease, the pathogenic mechanism is not completely understood. In the present study we show that TG1 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-associated protein that is trafficked through the ER for ultimate delivery to the plasma membrane. Mutation severely attenuates this processing and a catalytically inactive point mutant, TG1-FLAG(C377A), accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum and in aggresome-like structures where it is ubiquitinylated. This accumulation results from protein misfolding, as treatment with a chemical chaperone permits it to exit the endoplasmic reticulum and travel to the plasma membrane. ER accumulation is also observed for ichthyosis-associated TG1 mutants. Our findings suggest that misfolding of TG1 mutants leads to ubiquitinylation and accumulation in the ER and aggresomes, and that abnormal intracellular processing of TG1 mutants may be an underlying cause of ichthyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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Pereda MDCV, Dieamant GDC, Eberlin S, Werka RM, Colombi D, Queiroz MLDS, Di Stasi LC. Expression of differential genes involved in the maintenance of water balance in human skin by Piptadenia colubrina extract. J Cosmet Dermatol 2010; 9:35-43. [PMID: 20367671 DOI: 10.1111/j.1473-2165.2009.00458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydration and integrity of the stratum corneum (SC) is an important determinant of skin appearance, metabolism, mechanical properties, and barrier function. The presence of aquaglyceroporins and envelope proteins are crucial to provide greater corneocyte cohesion to keep water and other moisturizers in the skin. AIMS In this study, we evaluated the ability of Piptadenia colubrina, a plant native of South American rain forests, in the expression of genes involved in skin capacitance and SC integrity. METHODS The expression of genes for aquaporin-3 (AQP3), loricrin, involucrin (INV), and filaggrin (FLG) was measured by real-time PCR, using an in vitro model of human keratinocytes incubated with concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/mL of a hydroglycolic extract of P. colubrina (HEPC). The amount of AQP3 protein was also tested by immunohistochemistry in human skin explants. Clinical trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of a gel-cream containing HEPC on the glycerol index and skin capacitance. RESULTS Hydroglycolic extract of P. colubrina increased both the expression and immunoreactivity of AQP3 in cultured keratinocytes and human skin explants. The gene induction to envelope proteins FLG and INV was also observed after cell incubation with HEPC. Skin capacitance was significantly improved in human volunteers under treatment with HEPC-containing cream. CONCLUSIONS The extract of P. colubrina promotes cellular hydration and induces gene expression of envelope proteins providing greater corneocyte cohesion to keep water and other moisturizers in the skin and an appropriate epidermal adhesion. The in vitro findings were clinically confirmed and encourage the clinical use of this compound in skin care products.
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O'Shaughnessy RF, Choudhary I, Harper JI. Interleukin-1 alpha blockade prevents hyperkeratosis in an in vitro model of lamellar ichthyosis. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:2594-605. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Kato A, Rooney AP, Furutani Y, Hirose S. Evolution of trappin genes in mammals. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:31. [PMID: 20113469 PMCID: PMC2831891 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trappin is a multifunctional host-defense peptide that has antiproteolytic, antiinflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. The numbers and compositions of trappin paralogs vary among mammalian species: human and sheep have a single trappin-2 gene; mouse and rat have no trappin gene; pig and cow have multiple trappin genes; and guinea pig has a trappin gene and two other derivativegenes. Independent duplications of trappin genes in pig and cow were observed recently after the species were separated. To determine whether these trappin gene duplications are restricted only to certain mammalian lineages, we analyzed recently-developed genome databases for the presence of duplicate trappin genes. Results The database analyses revealed that: 1) duplicated trappin multigenes were found recently in the nine-banded armadillo; 2) duplicated two trappin genes had been found in the Afrotherian species (elephant, tenrec, and hyrax) since ancient days; 3) a single trappin-2 gene was found in various eutherians species; and 4) no typical trappin gene has been found in chicken, zebra finch, and opossum. Bayesian analysis estimated the date of the duplication of trappin genes in the Afrotheria, guinea pig, armadillo, cow, and pig to be 244, 35, 11, 13, and 3 million-years ago, respectively. The coding regions of trappin multigenes of almadillo, bovine, and pig evolved much faster than the noncoding exons, introns, and the flanking regions, showing that these genes have undergone accelerated evolution, and positive Darwinian selection was observed in pig-specific trappin paralogs. Conclusion These results suggest that trappin is an eutherian-specific molecule and eutherian genomes have the potential to form trappin multigenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
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Katagiri C, Iida T, Nakanishi J, Ozawa M, Aiba S, Hibino T. Up-regulation of serpin SCCA1 is associated with epidermal barrier disruption. J Dermatol Sci 2010; 57:95-101. [PMID: 20089382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parakeratosis, the persistent presence of nuclei in the stratum corneum (SC) is associated with serious disruption of skin barrier function. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1 (SCCA1) is strongly up-regulated in inflamed and parakeratotic skin. OBJECTIVE To find a biochemical marker for the SC barrier disruption, especially the disruption associated with parakeratosis. METHODS An ELISA assay system was established to quantify SCCA1 in the extract of tape-stripped cornified cells. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and other skin parameters were measured and compared with the amount of SCCA1. Localization of SCCA1 was investigated immunohistochemically in various skin diseases with parakeratosis. Nuclei and SCCA1 on the skin surface were detected by staining of corniocytes collected on an adhesive-coated slide glass. RESULTS SCCA1 showed strong up-regulation in lesional skin with psoriasis (466-fold), hayfever skin caused by Japanese ceder pollen (232-fold) and sun-exposed skin of healthy individuals (90-fold) compared to their normal sun-protected skin. The increased levels of SCCA1 were well correlated with increased values of TEWL and the number of parakeratotic cells in the SC. Furthermore, subjects with high levels of SCCA1 in the epidermis were more susceptible to barrier disruption by external stimuli, and this was accompanied with a further increase of SCCA1. We confirmed that localization of SCCA1 was limited to parakeratotic areas by using the skin surface staining technique. Immunohistochemical study also demonstrated that SCCA1 was always present at high levels in parakeratotic epidermis. CONCLUSION All of our findings indicate that SCCA1 plays an important role in the induction of epidermal barrier disruption. SCCA1 may be a critical determinant of barrier function in the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Katagiri
- Shiseido Research Center, 2-12-1 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8643, Japan
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Hwang C, Jang S, Choi DK, Kim S, Lee JH, Lee Y, Kim CD, Lee JH. The role of nkx2.5 in keratinocyte differentiation. Ann Dermatol 2009; 21:376-81. [PMID: 20523827 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2009.21.4.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nkx2.5 is a homeodomain-containing nuclear transcription protein that has been associated with acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia. In addition, Nkx2.5 has an essential role in cardiomyogenesis. However, the expression of Nkx2.5 in the skin has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE In an attempt to screen the differentially regulated genes involved in keratinocyte differentiation, using a cDNA microarray, we identified Nkx2.5 as one of the transcription factors controlling the expression of proteins associated with keratinocyte differentiation. METHODS To investigate the expression of Nkx2.5 during keratinocyte differentiation, we used a calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation model. RESULTS RT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of Nkx2.5, in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes, increased with calcium treatment in a time-dependent manner. In normal skin tissue, the expression of Nkx2.5 was detected in the nuclei of the keratinocytes in all layers of the epidermis except the basal layer by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the expression of Nkx2.5 was significantly increased in psoriasis and squamous cell carcinoma, but was barely detected in atopic dermatitis and basal cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Nkx2.5 may play a role in the change from proliferation to differentiation of keratinocytes and in the pathogenesis of skin disease with aberrant keratinocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Zhang W, Shiraishi A, Suzuki A, Zheng X, Kodama T, Ohashi Y. Expression and distribution of tissue transglutaminase in normal and injured rat cornea. Curr Eye Res 2009; 28:37-45. [PMID: 14704912 DOI: 10.1076/ceyr.28.1.37.23493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the expression and distribution of tissue transglutaminase (TG(C)) and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in rat cornea during epithelial wound healing. METHODS Corneal epithelial defects were created in rat corneas, and TG(C) expression was examined by Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemical staining after the injury. The presence of fibrinogen, laminin-1, nidogen/entactin, and type collagen was also determined immunohistochemically. RESULTS TG(C) was expressed in normal corneas. During the early wound healing process, TG(C) mRNA expression was up-regulated and TG(C) immunoreactivity was predominantly expressed in the migrating epithelial cells. ECM proteins were also expressed in a similar pattern as TG(C). CONCLUSIONS The sites and time course of TG(C) expression indicate that TG(C) probably plays a role in maintaining the homeostasis of the cornea and in promoting epithelial wound healing. The simultaneous expression of TG(C) and ECM proteins suggests that the ECM proteins probably operate in concert with TG(C) in corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
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Highly Complex Peptide Aggregates of the S100 Fused-Type Protein Hornerin Are Present in Human Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129:1446-58. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Herman ML, Farasat S, Steinbach PJ, Wei MH, Toure O, Fleckman P, Blake P, Bale SJ, Toro JR. Transglutaminase-1 gene mutations in autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis: summary of mutations (including 23 novel) and modeling of TGase-1. Hum Mutat 2009; 30:537-47. [PMID: 19241467 PMCID: PMC3243309 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a heterogeneous group of rare cornification diseases. Germline mutations in TGM1 are the most common cause of ARCI in the United States. TGM1 encodes for the TGase-1 enzyme that functions in the formation of the cornified cell envelope. Structurally defective or attenuated cornified cell envelop have been shown in epidermal scales and appendages of ARCI patients with TGM1 mutations. We review the clinical manifestations as well as the molecular genetics of ARCI. In addition, we characterized 115 TGM1 mutations reported in 234 patients from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds (Caucasion Americans, Norwegians, Swedish, Finnish, German, Swiss, French, Italian, Dutch, Portuguese, Hispanics, Iranian, Tunisian, Moroccan, Egyptian, Afghani, Hungarian, African Americans, Korean, Japanese and South African). We report 23 novel mutations: 71 (62%) missense; 20 (17%) nonsense; 9 (8%) deletion; 8 (7%) splice-site, and 7 (6%) insertion. The c.877-2A>G was the most commonly reported TGM1 mutation accounting for 34% (147 of 435) of all TGM1 mutant alleles reported to date. It had been shown that this mutation is common among North American and Norwegian patients due to a founder effect. Thirty-one percent (36 of 115) of all mutations and 41% (29 of 71) of missense mutations occurred in arginine residues in TGase-1. Forty-nine percent (35 of 71) of missense mutations were within CpG dinucleotides, and 74% (26/35) of these mutations were C>T or G>A transitions. We constructed a model of human TGase-1 and showed that all mutated arginines that reside in the two beta-barrel domains and two (R142 and R143) in the beta-sandwich are located at domain interfaces. In conclusion, this study expands the TGM1 mutation spectrum and summarizes the current knowledge of TGM1 mutations. The high frequency of mutated arginine codons in TGM1 may be due to the deamination of 5' methylated CpG dinucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Herman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sharifeh Farasat
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter J. Steinbach
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Division of Computational Bioscience, Center for Information Technology, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ming-Hui Wei
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ousmane Toure
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Philip Fleckman
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Patrick Blake
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | | | - Jorge R. Toro
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
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Iron-regulated surface determinant protein A mediates adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus to human corneocyte envelope proteins. Infect Immun 2009; 77:2408-16. [PMID: 19307218 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01304-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to colonize the human nares is a crucial prerequisite for disease. IsdA is a major S. aureus surface protein that is expressed during human infection and required for nasal colonization and survival on human skin. In this work, we show that IsdA binds to involucrin, loricrin, and cytokeratin K10, proteins that are present in the cornified envelope of human desquamated epithelial cells. To measure the forces and dynamics of the interaction between IsdA and loricrin (the most abundant protein of the cornified envelope), single-molecule force spectroscopy was used, demonstrating high-specificity binding. IsdA acts as a cellular adhesin to the human ligands, promoting whole-cell binding to immobilized proteins, even in the absence of other S. aureus components (as shown by heterologous expression in Lactococcus lactis). Inhibition experiments revealed the binding of the human ligands to the same IsdA region. This region was mapped to the NEAT domain of IsdA. The NEAT domain also was found to be required for S. aureus whole-cell binding to the ligands as well as to human nasal cells. Thus, IsdA is an important adhesin to human ligands, which predominate in its primary ecological niche.
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