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Kim E, Kim M, Oh MK. Whole-cell bioconversion for producing thymoquinone by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 178:110455. [PMID: 38723387 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Thymoquinone, extracted from the black seeds of Nigella sativa, is a natural substance with highly beneficial effects against various human diseases. In this study, we aimed to construct a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain that, produce thymoquinone from thymol, a relatively inexpensive substrate. To achieve this, cytochrome P450 from Origanum vulgare was expressed in S. cerevisiae for the bioconversion of thymol to thymoquinone, with the co-expression of cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) from Arabidopsis thaliana, ATR1. Additionally, flexible linkers were used to connect these two enzymes. Furthermore, modifications were performed to expand the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) space, leading to increased thymoquinone production. After integrating the genes into the chromosome and optimizing the media components, a significant improvement in the thymol-to-thymoquinone conversion rate and yield were achieved. This study represents a possibility of the production of thymoquinone, a bioactive ingredient of a plant, using an engineered microbial cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjee Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Minsun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
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2
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Zhu J, Zhang K, He Y, Zhang Q, Ran Y, Tan Z, Cui L, Feng Y. Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for chelerythrine biosynthesis. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:183. [PMID: 38902758 PMCID: PMC11191272 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chelerythrine is an important alkaloid used in agriculture and medicine. However, its structural complexity and low abundance in nature hampers either bulk chemical synthesis or extraction from plants. Here, we reconstructed and optimized the complete biosynthesis pathway for chelerythrine from (S)-reticuline in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using genetic reprogramming. RESULTS The first-generation strain Z4 capable of producing chelerythrine was obtained via heterologous expression of seven plant-derived enzymes (McoBBE, TfSMT, AmTDC, EcTNMT, PsMSH, EcP6H, and PsCPR) in S. cerevisiae W303-1 A. When this strain was cultured in the synthetic complete (SC) medium supplemented with 100 µM of (S)-reticuline for 10 days, it produced up to 0.34 µg/L chelerythrine. Furthermore, efficient metabolic engineering was performed by integrating multiple-copy rate-limiting genes (TfSMT, AmTDC, EcTNMT, PsMSH, EcP6H, PsCPR, INO2, and AtATR1), tailoring the heme and NADPH engineering, and engineering product trafficking by heterologous expression of MtABCG10 to enhance the metabolic flux of chelerythrine biosynthesis, leading to a nearly 900-fold increase in chelerythrine production. Combined with the cultivation process, chelerythrine was obtained at a titer of 12.61 mg per liter in a 0.5 L bioreactor, which is over 37,000-fold higher than that of the first-generation recombinant strain. CONCLUSIONS This is the first heterologous reconstruction of the plant-derived pathway to produce chelerythrine in a yeast cell factory. Applying a combinatorial engineering strategy has significantly improved the chelerythrine yield in yeast and is a promising approach for synthesizing functional products using a microbial cell factory. This achievement underscores the potential of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology in revolutionizing natural product biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuanzhi He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yanpeng Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zaigao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Li Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Yan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Meng F, Zhang S, Su J, Zhu B, Pan X, Qiu X, Cui X, Wang C, Niu L, Li C, Lu S. Characterization of two CYP80 enzymes provides insights into aporphine alkaloid skeleton formation in Aristolochia contorta. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1439-1454. [PMID: 38379355 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Aporphine alkaloids are a large group of natural compounds with extensive pharmaceutical application prospects. The biosynthesis of aporphine alkaloids has been paid attentions in the past decades. Here, we determined the contents of four 1-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and five aporphine alkaloids in root, stem, leaf, and flower of Aristolochia contorta Bunge, which belongs to magnoliids. Two CYP80 enzymes were identified and characterized from A. contorta. Both of them catalyze the unusual C-C phenol coupling reactions and directly form the aporphine alkaloid skeleton. AcCYP80G7 catalyzed the formation of hexacyclic aporphine corytuberine. AcCYP80Q8 catalyzed the formation of pentacyclic proaporphine glaziovine. Kingdom-wide phylogenetic analysis of the CYP80 family suggested that CYP80 first appeared in Nymphaeales. The functional divergence of hydroxylation and C-C (or C-O) phenol coupling preceded the divergence of magnoliids and eudicots. Probable crucial residues of AcCYP80Q8 were selected through sequence alignment and molecular docking. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed two crucial residues E284 and Y106 for the catalytic reaction. Identification and characterization of two aporphine skeleton-forming enzymes provide insights into the biosynthesis of aporphine alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanqi Meng
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sixuan Zhang
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaxian Su
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Butuo Zhu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xian Pan
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qiu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinyun Cui
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Caili Li
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shanfa Lu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
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4
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Liu X, Ma Y, Bu J, Lian C, Ma R, Li Q, Jiao X, Hu Z, Chen Y, Chen S, Guo J, Huang L. Characterization of CYP82 genes involved in the biosynthesis of structurally diverse benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in Corydalis yanhusuo. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:23. [PMID: 38453737 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) represent a significant class of secondary metabolites with crucial roles in plant physiology and substantial potential for clinical applications. CYP82 genes are involved in the formation and modification of various BIA skeletons, contributing to the structural diversity of compounds. In this study, Corydalis yanhusuo, a traditional Chinese medicine rich in BIAs, was investigated to identify the catalytic function of CYP82s during BIA formation. Specifically, 20 CyCYP82-encoding genes were cloned, and their functions were identified in vitro. Ten of these CyCYP82s were observed to catalyze hydroxylation, leading to the formation of protopine and benzophenanthridine scaffolds. Furthermore, the correlation between BIA accumulation and the expression of CyCYP82s in different tissues of C. yanhusuo was assessed their. The identification and characterization of CyCYP82s provide novel genetic elements that can advance the synthetic biology of BIA compounds such as protopine and benzophenanthridine, and offer insights into the biosynthesis of BIAs with diverse structures in C. yanhusuo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156 Jinshuidong Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Junling Bu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Conglong Lian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156 Jinshuidong Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Rui Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156 Jinshuidong Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Qishuang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xiang Jiao
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zhimin Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Suiqing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156 Jinshuidong Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China.
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5
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Peng B, Ran J, Li Y, Tang M, Xiao H, Shi S, Ning Y, Dark A, Li J, Guan X, Song Z. Site-Directed Mutagenesis of VvCYP76F14 (Cytochrome P450) Unveils Its Potential for Selection in Wine Grape Varieties Linked to the Development of Wine Bouquet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3683-3694. [PMID: 38334101 PMCID: PMC10885137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Bouquet is a fascinating wine characteristic that serves as an indicator of wine quality, developing during the aging process. The multifunctional monoterpenol oxidase VvCYP76F14 in wine grapes sequentially catalyzes three reactions to produce (E)-8-carboxylinalool, a crucial precursor for wine bouquet. Previous studies indicated that the activity of VvCYP76F14 derived from different wine grape varieties did not correlate with the amino acid sequence differences. In this study, 54 wine grape varieties were categorized into neutral, aromatic, and full-bodied types based on the sequence differences of VvCYP76F14, closely correlated with the content of wine lactone precursors. Computer modeling and molecular docking analysis of the full-bodied CYP76F14 revealed 17, 19, and 18 amino acid residues in the VvCYP76F14-linalool, VvCYP76F14-(E)-8-hydroxylinalool, and VvCYP76F14-(E)-8-oxolinalool complexes, respectively. Site-directed mutagenesis and in vitro enzyme activity analysis confirmed the substitutions of the key amino acid residues in neutral and aromatic varieties. Notably, the D299 mutation of VvCYP76F14 resulted in the complete loss of (E)-8-oxolinalool and (E)-8-carboxylinalool activities, aligning with the undetectable levels of (E)-8-oxolinalool and (E)-8-carboxylinalool in "Yantai 2-3-37", which harbors the D299T substitution. Favorably, VvCYP76F14 could serve as a cost-effective fingerprint marker for screening superior hybrid offspring with the desired levels of wine lactone precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Peng
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
- Cocodala Vocational and Technical College, Cocodala 853213, China
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212499, China
| | - Jianguo Ran
- Cocodala Vocational and Technical College, Cocodala 853213, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- Cocodala Vocational and Technical College, Cocodala 853213, China
| | - Meiling Tang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265599, China
| | - Huilin Xiao
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265599, China
| | - Shengpeng Shi
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
- Department of Plant Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Youzheng Ning
- Department of Plant Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Adeeba Dark
- Department of Plant Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Jin Li
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Wine Grape and Wine/COFCO Great Wall Wine (Penglai) Co., Ltd, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Xueqiang Guan
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265599, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Wine Grape and Wine/COFCO Great Wall Wine (Penglai) Co., Ltd, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Zhizhong Song
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
- Department of Plant Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
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6
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Deng X, Ye Z, Duan J, Chen F, Zhi Y, Huang M, Huang M, Cheng W, Dou Y, Kuang Z, Huang Y, Bian G, Deng Z, Liu T, Lu L. Complete pathway elucidation and heterologous reconstitution of (+)-nootkatone biosynthesis from Alpinia oxyphylla. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:779-792. [PMID: 37933426 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
(+)-Nootkatone is a natural sesquiterpene ketone widely used in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. It is also regarded as one of the most valuable terpenes used commercially. However, plants contain trace amounts of (+)-nootkatone, and extraction from plants is insufficient to meet market demand. Alpinia oxyphylla is a well-known medicinal plant in China, and (+)-nootkatone is one of the main components within the fruits. By transcriptome mining and functional screening using a precursor-providing yeast chassis, the complete (+)-nootkatone biosynthetic pathway in Alpinia oxyphylla was identified. A (+)-valencene synthase (AoVS) was identified as a novel monocot-derived valencene synthase; three (+)-valencene oxidases AoCYP6 (CYP71BB2), AoCYP9 (CYP71CX8), and AoCYP18 (CYP701A170) were identified by constructing a valencene-providing yeast strain. With further characterisation of a cytochrome P450 reductase (AoCPR1) and three dehydrogenases (AoSDR1/2/3), we successfully reconstructed the (+)-nootkatone biosynthetic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, representing a basis for its biotechnological production. Identifying the biosynthetic pathway of (+)-nootkatone in A. oxyphylla unravelled the molecular mechanism underlying its formation in planta and also supported the bioengineering production of (+)-nootkatone. The highly efficient yeast chassis screening method could be used to elucidate the complete biosynthetic pathway of other valuable plant natural products in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding/Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Ziling Ye
- Wuhan Hesheng Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jingyu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yao Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Man Huang
- Wuhan Hesheng Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Minjian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Weijia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yujie Dou
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Zhaolin Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yanglei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Guangkai Bian
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Tiangang Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Hesheng Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Wuhan University of Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
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7
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Wu L, Zhao B, Deng Z, Wang B, Yu Y. A biosynthetic network for protoberberine production in Coptis chinensis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad259. [PMID: 38282690 PMCID: PMC10812381 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Protoberberine alkaloids are a group of tetracyclic isoquinoline compounds known for their well-established antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The richness and diversity of protoberberine alkaloids accumulated in the Coptis genus necessitate a comprehensive examination of the biosynthetic machinery to understand their ecological significance. Here, from Coptis chinensis we identified CcCYP719A1, which could install a methylenedioxy bridge on either ring A or ring D of the protoberberine backbone, thus diverging metabolite flux towards the biosynthesis of various protoberberine components. We also obtained CcCYP719A2 and CcCYP719A3, which underwent positive selection after diverging from CcCYP719A1 and maintained specific catalytic activity on ring D. Further, we resolved the biosynthetic pathway of jatrorrhizine by identifying two demethylases, which could also modulate protoberberine composition by removing the C-3 methyl group and methylenedioxy bridge of ring D, allowing demethylated metabolites to be redirected into different routes. Moreover, we characterized 2-O-methyltransferase CcOMT1 and flavin-dependent oxidase CcTHBO, respectively responsible for the commonly observed 2-O-methylation and aromatic ring-C assembly in protoberberine alkaloids. Overall, this study reveals an interconnected metabolite network from which diverse protoberberine alkaloids originate. It provides valuable insights into the existence of undiscovered protoberberine components, and paves the way for the targeted production of desired protoberberine components for potential therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linrui Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, 185 East Lake Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Binxin Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, 185 East Lake Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, 185 East Lake Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, 185 East Lake Road, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
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8
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Ren L, Luo L, Hu Z, Ma Y, Wang J, Cheng Y, Jin B, Chen T, Tang J, Cui G, Guo J, Huang L. Functional characterization of CYP81C16 involved in the tanshinone biosynthetic pathway in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:938-949. [PMID: 38143107 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Danshen, the dried roots and rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (S. miltiorrhiza), is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Tanshinones, the bioactive compounds from Danshen, exhibit a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, suggesting their potential for future therapeutic applications. Tanshinone biosynthesis is a complex process involving at least six P450 enzymes that have been identified and characterized, most of which belong to the CYP76 and CYP71 families. In this study, CYP81C16, a member of the CYP71 clan, was identified in S. miltiorrhiza. An in vitro assay revealed that it could catalyze the hydroxylation of four para-quinone-type tanshinones, namely neocryptotanshinone, deoxyneocryptotanshinone, and danshenxinkuns A and B. SmCYP81C16 emerged as a potential broad-spectrum oxidase targeting the C-18 position of para-quinone-type tanshinones with an impressive relative conversion rate exceeding 90%. Kinetic evaluations andin vivo assays underscored its highest affinity towards neocryptotanshinone among the tested substrates. The overexpression of SmCYP81C16 promoted the accumulation of (iso)tanshinone in hairy root lines. The characterization of SmCYP81C16 in this study accentuates its potential as a pivotal tool in the biotechnological production of tanshinones, either through microbial or plant metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Linglong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Zhimin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Yatian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Baolong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jinfu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Guanghong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
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9
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Cheng J, Li G, Wang X, Yang C, Xu F, Qian Z, Ma X. Cloning and Functional Characterization of NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Reductases in Aconitum vilmorinianum. Molecules 2023; 28:7409. [PMID: 37959828 PMCID: PMC10648341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diterpenoid alkaloids (DAs) are major pharmacologically active ingredients of Aconitum vilmorinianum, an important medicinal plant. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are involved in the DA biosynthetic pathway, and the electron transfer reaction of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) with P450 is the rate-limiting step of the P450 redox reaction. Here, we identified and characterized two homologs of CPR from Aconitum vilmorinianum. The open reading frames of AvCPR1 and AvCPR2 were found to be 2103 and 2100 bp, encoding 700 and 699 amino acid residues, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis characterized both AvCPR1 and AvCPR2 as class II CPRs. Cytochrome c and ferricyanide could be reduced with the recombinant proteins of AvCPR1 and AvCPR2. Both AvCPR1 and AvCPR2 were expressed in the roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of A. vilmorinianum. The expression levels of AvCPR1 and AvCPR2 were significantly increased in response to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. The yeasts co-expressing AvCPR1/AvCPR2/SmCPR1 and CYP76AH1 all produced ferruginol, indicating that AvCPR1 and AvCPR2 can transfer electrons to CYP76AH1 in the same manner as SmCPR1. Docking analysis confirmed the experimentally deduced functional activities of AvCPR1 and AvCPR2 for FMN, FAD, and NADPH. The functional characterization of AvCPRs will be helpful in disclosing molecular mechanisms relating to the biosynthesis of diterpene alkaloids in A. vilmorinianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Cheng
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guodong Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Congwei Yang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Furong Xu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zigang Qian
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education on Substance Benchmark Research of Ethnic Medicines, Kunming 650500, China
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10
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Yang YH, Song HW, Lai JY, Li RF, Wang ZC, Jia HC, Yang Y. A Rehmannia glutinosa caffeic acid O-methyltransferase functional identification: Reconstitution of the ferulic acid biosynthetic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using Rehmannia glutinosa enzymes. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300064. [PMID: 37522376 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Rehmannia glutinosa produces many pharmacological natural components, including ferulic acid (FA) which is also an important precursor of some medicinal ingredients, so it is very significant to explore FA biosynthesis for enhancing the production of FA and its derivations. This study aimed to determine and reconstitute the R. glutinosa FA biosynthetic pathway from phenylalanine (Phe) metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a safe host for the biosynthesis of plant-derived products. Although plant caffeic acid O-methyltransferases (COMTs) are thought to be a vital catalytic enzyme in FA biosynthesis pathways, to date, none of the RgCOMTs in R. glutinosa has been characterized. This study identified an RgCOMT and revealed its protein enzymatic activity for FA production in vitro. The RgCOMT overexpression in R. glutinosa significantly increased FA yield, suggesting that its molecular function is involved in FA biosynthesis. Heterologous expression of the RgCOMT and reported R. glutinosa genes, RgPAL2 (encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase [PAL] protein), RgC4H (cinnamate 4-hydroxylase [C4H]), and RgC3H (p-coumarate-3-hydroxylase [C3H]), in S. cerevisiae confirmed their catalytic abilities in the reaction steps for the FA biosynthesis. Importantly, in this study, these genes were introduced into S. cerevisiae and coexpressed to reconstitute the R. glutinosa FA biosynthetic pathway from Phe metabolism, thus obtaining an engineered strain that produced an FA titer of 148.34 mg L-1 . This study identified the functional activity of RgCOMT and clarified the R. glutinosa FA biosynthesis pathway in S. cerevisiae, paving the way for the efficient production of FA and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hui Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou High-technology Zone, Henan, University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Hao Wei Song
- School of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou High-technology Zone, Henan, University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jun Yi Lai
- School of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou High-technology Zone, Henan, University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Rui Fang Li
- School of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou High-technology Zone, Henan, University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zi Chao Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou High-technology Zone, Henan, University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Cong Jia
- School of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou High-technology Zone, Henan, University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou High-technology Zone, Henan, University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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11
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Hu J, Qiu S, Wang F, Li Q, Xiang CL, Di P, Wu Z, Jiang R, Li J, Zeng Z, Wang J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Fang S, Qiao Y, Ding J, Jiang Y, Xu Z, Chen J, Chen W. Functional divergence of CYP76AKs shapes the chemodiversity of abietane-type diterpenoids in genus Salvia. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4696. [PMID: 37542034 PMCID: PMC10403556 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) comprises myriad distinct medicinal herbs, with terpenoids as one of their major active chemical groups. Abietane-type diterpenoids (ATDs), such as tanshinones and carnosic acids, are specific to Salvia and exhibit taxonomic chemical diversity among lineages. To elucidate how ATD chemical diversity evolved, we carried out large-scale metabolic and phylogenetic analyses of 71 Salvia species, combined with enzyme function, ancestral sequence and chemical trait reconstruction, and comparative genomics experiments. This integrated approach showed that the lineage-wide ATD diversities in Salvia were induced by differences in the oxidation of the terpenoid skeleton at C-20, which was caused by the functional divergence of the cytochrome P450 subfamily CYP76AK. These findings present a unique pattern of chemical diversity in plants that was shaped by the loss of enzyme activity and associated catalytic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Hu
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Feiyan Wang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Chun-Lei Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Peng Di
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ziding Wu
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jinxing Li
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shiyuan Fang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuqi Qiao
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Urban Horticulture Research and Extension Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Urban Horticulture Research and Extension Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Junfeng Chen
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Wansheng Chen
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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12
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Zhao Z, Yang D, Guo J, Liu X, Li Q, Su P, Wang J, Ma Y, Huang L. Functional Study and Efficient Catalytic Element Mining of CYP76AHs in Salvia Plants. Molecules 2023; 28:4711. [PMID: 37375266 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia is a large genus with hundreds of species used in traditional Chinese medicine. Tanshinones are a highly representative class of exclusive compounds found in the Salvia genus that exhibit significant biological activity. Tanshinone components have been identified in 16 Salvia species. The CYP76AH subfamily (P450) is crucial for the synthesis of tanshinone due to its catalytic generation of polyhydroxy structures. In this study, a total of 420 CYP76AH genes were obtained, and phylogenetic analysis showed their clear clustering relationships. Fifteen CYP76AH genes from 10 Salvia species were cloned and studied from the perspectives of evolution and catalytic efficiency. Three CYP76AHs with significantly improved catalytic efficiency compared to SmCYP76AH3 were identified, providing efficient catalytic elements for the synthetic biological production of tanshinones. A structure-function relationship study revealed several conserved residues that might be related to the function of CYP76AHs and provided a new mutation direction for the study of the directed evolution of plant P450.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiuyu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Qishuang Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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13
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Cankar K, Hakkert JC, Sevenier R, Papastolopoulou C, Schipper B, Baixinho JP, Fernández N, Matos MS, Serra AT, Santos CN, Vahabi K, Tissier A, Bundock P, Bosch D. Lactucin Synthase Inactivation Boosts the Accumulation of Anti-inflammatory 8-Deoxylactucin and Its Derivatives in Chicory ( Cichorium intybus L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6061-6072. [PMID: 37036799 PMCID: PMC10119987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
For several sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) found in Asteraceae plants, very interesting biomedical activities have been demonstrated. Chicory roots accumulate the guaianolide STLs 8-deoxylactucin, lactucin, and lactucopicrin predominantly in oxalated forms in the latex. In this work, a supercritical fluid extract fraction of chicory STLs containing 8-deoxylactucin and 11β,13-dihydro-8-deoxylactucin was shown to have anti-inflammatory activity in an inflamed intestinal mucosa model. To increase the accumulation of these two compounds in chicory taproots, the lactucin synthase that takes 8-deoxylactucin as the substrate for the regiospecific hydroxylation to generate lactucin needs to be inactivated. Three candidate cytochrome P450 enzymes of the CYP71 clan were identified in chicory. Their targeted inactivation using the CRISPR/Cas9 approach identified CYP71DD33 to have lactucin synthase activity. The analysis of the terpene profile of the taproots of plants with edits in CYP71DD33 revealed a nearly complete elimination of the endogenous chicory STLs lactucin and lactucopicrin and their corresponding oxalates. Indeed, in the same lines, the interruption of biosynthesis resulted in a strong increase of 8-deoxylactucin and its derivatives. The enzyme activity of CYP71DD33 to convert 8-deoxylactucin to lactucin was additionally demonstrated in vitro using yeast microsome assays. The identified chicory lactucin synthase gene is predominantly expressed in the chicory latex, indicating that the late steps in the STL biosynthesis take place in the latex. This study contributes to further elucidation of the STL pathway in chicory and shows that root chicory can be positioned as a crop from which different health products can be extracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Cankar
- Wageningen
Plant Research, Wageningen University &
Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Christina Hakkert
- Wageningen
Plant Research, Wageningen University &
Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Sevenier
- Keygene
N.V., Agro Business Park
90, 6708PW Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Christina Papastolopoulou
- Wageningen
Plant Research, Wageningen University &
Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Schipper
- Wageningen
Plant Research, Wageningen University &
Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - João P. Baixinho
- Instituto
de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Av. República, Qta. Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier,
Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Naiara Fernández
- Instituto
de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Av. República, Qta. Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Melanie S. Matos
- Instituto
de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Av. República, Qta. Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier,
Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Serra
- Instituto
de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Av. República, Qta. Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier,
Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Claudia Nunes Santos
- Instituto
de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Av. República, Qta. Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier,
Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- iNOVA4Health,
NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM,
Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Khabat Vahabi
- Department
of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute
of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alain Tissier
- Department
of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute
of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Martin-Luther-Universität
Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Pharmazie, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Paul Bundock
- Keygene
N.V., Agro Business Park
90, 6708PW Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dirk Bosch
- Wageningen
Plant Research, Wageningen University &
Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Liu X, Jiao X, Cheng Y, Ma Y, Bu J, Jin B, Li Q, Hu Z, Tang J, Lai C, Wang J, Cui G, Chen Y, Guo J, Huang L. Structure-function analysis of CYP719As involved in methylenedioxy bridge-formation in the biosynthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and its de novo production. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:23. [PMID: 36737755 PMCID: PMC9898898 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are a type of secondary metabolite with clinical application value. (S)-stylopine is a special BIA which contains methylenedioxy bridge structures. CYP719As could catalyze the methylenedioxy bridge-formation on the A or D rings of protoberberine alkaloids, while displaying significant substrate regiospecificity. To explore the substrate preference of CYP719As, we cloned and identified five CyCYP719A candidates from Corydalis yanhusuo. Two CyCYP719As (CyCYP719A39 and CyCYP719A42) with high catalytic efficiency for the methylenedioxy bridge-formation on the D or A rings were characterized, respectively. The residues (Leu 294 for CyCYP719A42 and Asp 289 for CyCYP719A39) were identified as the key to controlling the regioselectivity of CYP719As affecting the methylenedioxy bridge-formation on the A or D rings by homology modeling and mutation analysis. Furthermore, for de novo production of BIAs, CyCYP719A39, CyCYP719A42, and their mutants were introduced into the (S)-scoulerine-producing yeast to produce 32 mg/L (S)-stylopine. These results lay a foundation for understanding the structure-function relationship of CYP719A-mediated methylenedioxy bridge-formation and provide yeast strains for the BIAs production by synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyu Liu
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156 Jinshuidong Road, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Xiang Jiao
- grid.5371.00000 0001 0775 6028Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yatian Cheng
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Ying Ma
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Junling Bu
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Baolong Jin
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Qishuang Li
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Zhimin Hu
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Jinfu Tang
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Changjiangsheng Lai
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Jian Wang
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Guanghong Cui
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Yun Chen
- grid.5371.00000 0001 0775 6028Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Juan Guo
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Luqi Huang
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
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15
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Zhao X, Zhao Y, Gou M, Liu CJ. Tissue-preferential recruitment of electron transfer chains for cytochrome P450-catalyzed phenolic biosynthesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade4389. [PMID: 36630494 PMCID: PMC9833660 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade4389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 system consists of P450 monooxygenase and redox pattern(s). While the importance of monooxygenases in plant metabolism is well documented, the metabolic roles of the related redox components have been largely overlooked. Here, we show that distinct electron transfer chains are recruited in phenylpropanoid-monolignol P450 systems to support the synthesis and distribution of different classes of phenolics in different plant tissues. While Arabidopsis cinnamate 4-hydroxylase adopts conventional NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CPR) electron transfer chain for its para-hydroxylation reaction, ferulate 5-hydroxylase uses both NADPH-CPR-cytochrome b5 (CB5) and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase-CB5 chains to support benzene ring 5-hydroxylation, in which the former route is primarily recruited in the stem for syringyl lignin synthesis, while the latter dominates in the syntheses of 5-hydroxylated phenolics in seeds and seed coat suberin. Our study unveils an additional layer of complexity and versatility of P450 system that the plants evolved for diversifying phenolic repertoires.
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16
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Zhang X, Qi Z, Fan X, Zhang H, Pei J, Zhao L. Biochemical Characterization of a Flavone Synthase I from Daucus carota and its Application for Bioconversion of Flavanones to Flavones. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:933-946. [PMID: 36242726 PMCID: PMC9568992 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we studied the biochemical characterization of flavone synthase I from Daucus carota (DcFNS I) and applied it with flavonoid 6-hydroxylase from Scutellaria baicalensis (SbCYP) to convert flavanones to flavones. The recombinant DcFNS I was expressed in the form of the glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein. Rather than taxifolin, naringenin, pinocembrin, and eriodictyol were accepted as substrates. The optimal temperature and pH for reaction in vitro were 35 °C and 7.5, respectively, and 2-oxoglutarate was essential in the assay system. Co2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ were not substitutes for Fe2+. EDTA and pyruvic acid inhibited the activity, except for Fe3+. Kinetic analysis revealed that the Vmax and kcat values of the recombinant DcFNS I against naringenin were 0.183 nmol mg-1 s-1 and 0.0121 s-1, and 0.175 nmol mg-1 s-1 and 0.0116 s-1 against pinocembrin. However, the recombinant DcFNS I had a higher affinity for naringenin than pinocembrin, with kM values for each of 0.076 mM and 0.174 mM respectively. Thus, it catalyzed naringenin more efficiently than pinocembrin. Subsequently, using an Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae co-culture system, we successfully converted naringenin and pinocembrin to scutellarein and baicalein respectively. In a synthetic complete medium, the titers of scutellarein and baicalein reached 5.63 mg/L and 0.78 mg/L from 200 mg/L precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Zhipeng Qi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Xianyu Fan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Jianjun Pei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
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17
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Liu CJ. Cytochrome b 5: A versatile electron carrier and regulator for plant metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:984174. [PMID: 36212330 PMCID: PMC9539407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.984174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome b 5 (CB5) is a small heme-binding protein, known as an electron donor delivering reducing power to the terminal enzymes involved in oxidative reactions. In plants, the CB5 protein family is substantially expanded both in its isoform numbers and cellular functions, compared to its yeast and mammalian counterparts. As an electron carrier, plant CB5 proteins function not only in fatty acid desaturation, hydroxylation and elongation, but also in the formation of specialized metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolic esters, and heteropolymer lignin. Furthermore, plant CB5s are found to interact with different non-catalytic proteins such as ethylene signaling regulator, cell death inhibitor, and sugar transporters, implicating their versatile regulatory roles in coordinating different metabolic and cellular processes, presumably in respect to the cellular redox status and/or carbon availability. Compared to the plentiful studies on biochemistry and cellular functions of mammalian CB5 proteins, the cellular and metabolic roles of plant CB5 proteins have received far less attention. This article summarizes the fragmentary information pertaining to the discovery of plant CB5 proteins, and discusses the conventional and peculiar functions that plant CB5s might play in different metabolic and cellular processes. Gaining comprehensive insight into the biological functions of CB5 proteins could offer effective biotechnological solutions to tailor plant chemodiversity and cellular responses to environment stimuli.
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18
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Linnenbrügger L, Doering L, Lansing H, Fischer K, Eirich J, Finkemeier I, von Schaewen A. Alternative splicing of Arabidopsis G6PD5 recruits NADPH-producing OPPP reactions to the endoplasmic reticulum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:909624. [PMID: 36119606 PMCID: PMC9478949 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.909624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is the rate-limiting enzyme of the oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway (OPPP). The OPPP mainly provides NADPH and sugar-phosphate building blocks for anabolic pathways and is present in all eukaryotes. In plant cells, the irreversible part of the OPPP is found in several compartments. Among the isoforms catalyzing the first OPPP step in Arabidopsis, G6PD1 to G6PD4 target plastids (with G6PD1 being also directed to peroxisomes), whereas G6PD5 and G6PD6 operate in the cytosol. We noticed that alternative splice forms G6PD5.4 and G6PD5.5 encode N-terminally extended proteoforms. Compared to G6PD5.1, RT-PCR signals differed and fluorescent reporter fusions expressed in Arabidopsis protoplasts accumulated in distinct intracellular sites. Co-expression with organelle-specific markers revealed that the G6PD5.4 and G6PD5.5 proteoforms label different subdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and analysis of C-terminal roGFP fusions showed that their catalytic domains face the cytosol. In g6pd5-1 g6pd6-2 mutant protoplasts lacking cytosolic G6PDH activity, the ER-bound proteoforms were both active and thus able to form homomers. Among the Arabidopsis 6-phosphogluconolactonases (catalyzing the second OPPP step), we noticed that isoform PGL2 carries a C-terminal CaaX motif that may be prenylated for membrane attachment. Reporter-PGL2 fusions co-localized with G6PD5.4 in ER subdomains, which was abolished by Cys-to-Ser exchange in the 256CSIL motif. Among the Arabidopsis 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases (catalyzing the third OPPP step), S-acylated peptides were detected for all three isoforms in a recent palmitoylome, with dual cytosolic/peroxisomal PGD2 displaying three sites. Co-expression of GFP-PGD2 diminished crowding of OFP-G6PD5.4 at the ER, independent of PGL2's presence. Upon pull-down of GFP-G6PD5.4, not only unlabeled PGD2 and PGL2 were enriched, but also enzymes that depend on NADPH provision at the ER, indicative of physical interaction with the OPPP enzymes. When membrane-bound G6PD5.5 and 5.4 variants were co-expressed with KCR1 (ketoacyl-CoA reductase, involved in fatty acid elongation), ATR1 (NADPH:cytochrome-P450 oxidoreductase), or pulled C4H/CYP73A5 (cinnamate 4-hydroxylase) as indirectly (via ATR) NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 enzyme, co-localization in ER subdomains was observed. Thus, alternative splicing of G6PD5 can direct the NADPH-producing OPPP reactions to the cytosolic face of the ER, where they may operate as membrane-bound metabolon to support several important biosynthetic pathways of plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreen Linnenbrügger
- Department of Biology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster (WWU Münster), Münster, Germany
| | - Lennart Doering
- Department of Biology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster (WWU Münster), Münster, Germany
| | - Hannes Lansing
- Department of Biology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster (WWU Münster), Münster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Fischer
- Department of Biology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster (WWU Münster), Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eirich
- Department of Biology, Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster (WWU Münster), Münster, Germany
| | - Iris Finkemeier
- Department of Biology, Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster (WWU Münster), Münster, Germany
| | - Antje von Schaewen
- Department of Biology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster (WWU Münster), Münster, Germany
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19
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Vinde MH, Cao D, Chesterfield RJ, Yoneyama K, Gumulya Y, Thomson RES, Matila T, Ebert BE, Beveridge CA, Vickers CE, Gillam EMJ. Ancestral sequence reconstruction of the CYP711 family reveals functional divergence in strigolactone biosynthetic enzymes associated with gene duplication events in monocot grasses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1900-1912. [PMID: 35644901 PMCID: PMC9544836 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The strigolactone (SL) class of phytohormones shows broad chemical diversity, the functional importance of which remains to be fully elucidated, along with the enzymes responsible for the diversification of the SL structure. Here we explore the functional evolution of the highly conserved CYP711A P450 family, members of which catalyze several key monooxygenation reactions in the strigolactone pathway. Ancestral sequence reconstruction was utilized to infer ancestral CYP711A sequences based on a comprehensive set of extant CYP711 sequences. Eleven ancestral enzymes, corresponding to key points in the CYP711A phylogenetic tree, were resurrected and their activity was characterized towards the native substrate carlactone and the pure enantiomers of the synthetic strigolactone analogue, GR24. The ancestral and extant CYP711As tested accepted GR24 as a substrate and catalyzed several diversifying oxidation reactions on the structure. Evidence was obtained for functional divergence in the CYP711A family. The monocot group 3 ancestor, arising from gene duplication events within monocot grasses, showed both increased catalytic activity towards GR24 and high stereoselectivity towards the GR24 isomer resembling strigol-type SLs. These results are consistent with a role for CYP711As in strigolactone diversification in early land plants, which may have extended to the diversification of strigol-type SLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos H. Vinde
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQld4072Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQld4072Australia
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science PlatformCSIRO Land & Water, EcoSciences PrecinctDutton ParkBrisbaneQld4012Australia
| | - Da Cao
- School of Biological Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and AgricultureThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQld4072Australia
| | - Rebecca J. Chesterfield
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQld4072Australia
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science PlatformCSIRO Land & Water, EcoSciences PrecinctDutton ParkBrisbaneQld4012Australia
| | - Kaori Yoneyama
- Graduate School of AgricultureEhime UniversityEhime790‐8566Japan
- Japan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTOSaitama332‐0012Japan
| | - Yosephine Gumulya
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQld4072Australia
| | - Raine E. S. Thomson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQld4072Australia
| | - Tebogo Matila
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQld4072Australia
| | - Birgitta E. Ebert
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQld4072Australia
| | - Christine A. Beveridge
- School of Biological Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and AgricultureThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQld4072Australia
| | - Claudia E. Vickers
- Japan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTOSaitama332‐0012Japan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic BiologyQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQld4000Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug DesignGriffith UniversityNathanBrisbaneQld4111Australia
| | - Elizabeth M. J. Gillam
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQld4072Australia
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20
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Park SY, Eun H, Lee MH, Lee SY. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli with electron channelling for the production of natural products. Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Arnesen JA, Belmonte Del Ama A, Jayachandran S, Dahlin J, Rago D, Andersen AJC, Borodina I. Engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica for the production of plant triterpenoids: Asiatic, madecassic, and arjunolic acids. Metab Eng Commun 2022; 14:e00197. [PMID: 35433265 PMCID: PMC9011116 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2022.e00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several plant triterpenoids have valuable pharmaceutical properties, but their production and usage is limited since extraction from plants can burden natural resources, and result in low yields and purity. Here, we engineered oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica to produce three valuable plant triterpenoids (asiatic, madecassic, and arjunolic acids) by fermentation. First, we established the recombinant production of precursors, ursolic and oleanolic acids, by expressing plant enzymes in free or fused versions in a Y. lipolytica strain previously optimized for squalene production. Engineered strains produced up to 11.6 mg/g DCW ursolic acid or 10.2 mg/g DCW oleanolic acid. The biosynthetic pathway from ursolic acid was extended by expressing the Centella asiatica cytochrome P450 monoxygenases CaCYP716C11p, CaCYP714E19p, and CaCYP716E41p, resulting in the production of trace amounts of asiatic acid and 0.12 mg/g DCW madecassic acid. Expressing the same C. asiatica cytochromes P450 in oleanolic acid-producing strain resulted in the production of oleanane triterpenoids. Expression of CaCYP716C11p in the oleanolic acid-producing strain yielded 8.9 mg/g DCW maslinic acid. Further expression of a codon-optimized CaCYP714E19p resulted in 4.4 mg/g DCW arjunolic acid. Lastly, arjunolic acid production was increased to 9.1 mg/g DCW by swapping the N-terminal domain of CaCYP714E19p with the N-terminal domain from a Kalopanax septemlobus cytochrome P450. In summary, we have demonstrated the production of asiatic, madecassic, and arjunolic acids in a microbial cell factory. The strains and fermentation processes need to be further improved before the production of these molecules by fermentation can be industrialized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Asmund Arnesen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Arian Belmonte Del Ama
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sidharth Jayachandran
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Dahlin
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Daniela Rago
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Aaron John Christian Andersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts plads 221, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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22
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Brazier-Hicks M, Franco-Ortega S, Watson P, Rougemont B, Cohn J, Dale R, Hawkes TR, Goldberg-Cavalleri A, Onkokesung N, Edwards R. Characterization of Cytochrome P450s with Key Roles in Determining Herbicide Selectivity in Maize. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:17416-17431. [PMID: 35647462 PMCID: PMC9134415 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Safeners such as metcamifen and benoxacor are widely used in maize to enhance the selectivity of herbicides through the induction of key detoxifying enzymes, notably cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs). Using a combination of transcriptomics, proteomics, and functional assays, the safener-inducible CYPs responsible for herbicide metabolism in this globally important crop have been identified. A total of 18 CYPs belonging to clans 71, 72, 74, and 86 were safener-induced, with the respective enzymes expressed in yeast and screened for activity toward thiadiazine (bentazon), sulfonylurea (nicosulfuron), and triketone (mesotrione and tembotrione) chemistries. Herbicide metabolism was largely restricted to family CYP81A members from clan 71, notably CYP81A9, CYP81A16, and CYP81A2. Quantitative transcriptomics and proteomics showed that CYP81A9/CYP81A16 were dominant enzymes in safener-treated field maize, whereas only CYP81A9 was determined in sweet corn. The relationship between CYP81A sequence and activities were investigated by splicing CYP81A2 and CP81A9 together as a series of recombinant chimeras. CYP81A9 showed wide ranging activities toward the three herbicide chemistries, while CYP81A2 uniquely hydroxylated bentazon in multiple positions. The plasticity in substrate specificity of CYP81A9 toward multiple herbicides resided in the second quartile of its N terminal half. Further phylogenetic analysis of CYP81A9 showed that the maize enzyme was related to other CYP81As linked to agrochemical metabolism in cereals and wild grasses, suggesting this clan 71 CYP has a unique function in determining herbicide selectivity in arable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Brazier-Hicks
- Agriculture,
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
- Syngenta,
Jealott’s Hill, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K.
| | - Sara Franco-Ortega
- Agriculture,
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Philip Watson
- Agriculture,
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | | | - Jonathan Cohn
- Syngenta
Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709-2257, United States
| | - Richard Dale
- Syngenta,
Jealott’s Hill, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K.
| | - Tim R. Hawkes
- Syngenta,
Jealott’s Hill, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K.
| | - Alina Goldberg-Cavalleri
- Agriculture,
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Nawaporn Onkokesung
- Agriculture,
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Robert Edwards
- Agriculture,
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
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23
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Research Progress on the Synthetic Biology of Botanical Biopesticides. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9050207. [PMID: 35621485 PMCID: PMC9137473 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9050207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The production and large-scale application of traditional chemical pesticides will bring environmental pollution and food safety problems. With the advantages of high safety and environmental friendliness, botanical biopesticides are in line with the development trend of modern agriculture and have gradually become the mainstream of modern pesticide development. However, the traditional production of botanical biopesticides has long been faced with prominent problems, such as limited source and supply, complicated production processes, and excessive consumption of resources. In recent years, the rapid development of synthetic biology will break through these bottlenecks, and many botanical biopesticides are produced using synthetic biology, such as emodin, celangulin, etc. This paper reviews the latest progress and application prospect of synthetic biology in the development of botanical pesticides so as to provide new ideas for the analysis of synthetic pathways and heterologous and efficient production of botanical biopesticides and accelerate the research process of synthetic biology of natural products.
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24
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Zha W, Zhang F, Shao J, Ma X, Zhu J, Sun P, Wu R, Zi J. Rationally engineering santalene synthase to readjust the component ratio of sandalwood oil. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2508. [PMID: 35523896 PMCID: PMC9076924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant essential oils (PEOs) are widely used in cosmetic and nutraceutical industries. The component ratios of PEOs determine their qualities. Controlling the component ratios is challenging in construction of PEO biotechnological platforms. Here, we explore the catalytic reaction pathways of both product-promiscuous and product-specific santalene synthases (i.e., SaSSy and SanSyn) by multiscale simulations. F441 of SanSyn is found as a key residue restricting the conformational dynamics of the intermediates, and thereby the direct deprotonation by the general base T298 dominantly produce α-santalene. The subsequent mutagenesis of this plastic residue leads to generation of a mutant enzyme SanSynF441V which can produce both α- and β-santalenes. Through metabolic engineering efforts, the santalene/santalol titer reaches 704.2 mg/L and the component ratio well matches the ISO 3518:2002 standard. This study represents a paradigm of constructing biotechnological platforms of PEOs with desirable component ratios by the combination of metabolic and enzymatic engineering. Controlling the component ratios of plant essential oils is challenging in their heterologous bioproduction. Here, the authors combine metabolic and enzymatic engineering strategies to achieve the production of sandalwood oil with a desirable component ratio in baker’s yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zha
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingmei Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Pinghua Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruibo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiachen Zi
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, 510632, Guangzhou, China.
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25
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Xu Y, Geng L, Zhang Y, Jones JA, Zhang M, Chen Y, Tan R, Koffas MAG, Wang Z, Zhao S. De novo Biosynthesis of Salvianolic Acid B in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Engineered with the Rosmarinic Acid Biosynthetic Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2290-2302. [PMID: 35157428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (SAB), also named lithospermic acid B, belongs to a class of water-soluble phenolic acids, originating from plants such as Salvia miltiorrhiza. SAB exhibits a variety of biological activities and has been clinically used to treat cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases and also has great potential as a health care product and medicine for other disorders. However, its biosynthetic pathway has not been completely elucidated. Here, we report the de novo biosynthesis of SAB in Saccharomyces cerevisiae engineered with the heterologous rosmarinic acid (RA) biosynthetic pathway. The created pathway contains seven genes divided into three modules on separate plasmids, pRS424-FjTAL-Sm4CL2, pRS425-SmTAT-SmHPPR or pRS425-SmTAT-CbHPPR, and pRS426-SmRAS-CbCYP-CbCPR. These three modules were cotransformed into S. cerevisiae, resulting in the recombinant strains YW-44 and YW-45. Incubation of the recombinant strains in a basic medium without supplementing any substrates yielded 34 and 30 μg/L of SAB. The findings in this study indicate that the created heterologous RA pathway cooperates with the native metabolism of S. cerevisiae to enable the de novo biosynthesis of SAB. This provides a novel insight into a biosynthesis mechanism of SAB and also lays the foundation for the production of SAB using microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingpeng Xu
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lijun Geng
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - J Andrew Jones
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Meihong Zhang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ronghui Tan
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mattheos A G Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institutes, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Cankar K, Hakkert JC, Sevenier R, Campo E, Schipper B, Papastolopoulou C, Vahabi K, Tissier A, Bundock P, Bosch D. CRISPR/Cas9 targeted inactivation of the kauniolide synthase in chicory results in accumulation of costunolide and its conjugates in taproots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:940003. [PMID: 36105709 PMCID: PMC9465254 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.940003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Chicory taproots accumulate sesquiterpene lactones lactucin, lactucopicrin, and 8-deoxylactucin, predominantly in their oxalated forms. The biosynthetic pathway for chicory sesquiterpene lactones has only partly been elucidated; the enzymes that convert farnesyl pyrophosphate to costunolide have been described. The next biosynthetic step of the conversion of costunolide to the tricyclic structure, guaianolide kauniolide, has so far not been elucidated in chicory. In this work three putative kauniolide synthase genes were identified in chicory named CiKLS1, CiKLS2, and CiKLS3. Their activity to convert costunolide to kauniolide was demonstrated in vitro using yeast microsome assays. Next, introduction of CRISPR/Cas9 reagents into chicory protoplasts was used to inactivate multiple chicory KLS genes and several chicory lines were successfully regenerated. The inactivation of the kauniolide synthase genes in chicory by the CRISPR/Cas9 approach resulted in interruption of the sesquiterpene lactone biosynthesis in chicory leaves and taproots. In chicory taproots, but not in leaves, accumulation of costunolide and its conjugates was observed to high levels, namely 1.5 mg/g FW. These results confirmed that all three genes contribute to STL accumulation, albeit to different extent. These observations demonstrate that three genes oriented in tandem on the chicory genome encode kauniolide synthases that initiate the conversion of costunolide toward the sesquiterpene lactones in chicory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Cankar
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Katarina Cankar,
| | | | | | - Eva Campo
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Bert Schipper
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Khabat Vahabi
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alain Tissier
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Dirk Bosch
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Alagoz Y, Mi J, Balakrishna A, Almarwaey L, Al-Babili S. Characterizing cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in plant apocarotenoid metabolism by using an engineered yeast system. Methods Enzymol 2022; 671:527-552. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Park S, Lee H, Min MK, Ha J, Song J, Lim CJ, Oh J, Lee SB, Lee JY, Kim BG. Functional Characterization of BrF3'H, Which Determines the Typical Flavonoid Profile of Purple Chinese Cabbage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:793589. [PMID: 34956292 PMCID: PMC8693655 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.793589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flavonols and anthocyanins are the two major classes of flavonoids in Brassica rapa. To elucidate the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in Chinese cabbage (B. rapa L. subsp. pekinensis), we analyzed flavonoid contents in two varieties of Chinese cabbage with normal green (5546) and purple (8267) leaves. The 8267 variety accumulates significantly higher levels of quercetin, isorhamnetin, and cyanidin than the 5546 variety, indicating that 3'-dihydroxylated flavonoids are more prevalent in the purple than in the green variety. Gene expression analysis showed that the expression patterns of most phenylpropanoid pathway genes did not correspond to the flavonoid accumulation patterns in 5546 and 8267 varieties, except for BrPAL1.2 while most early and late flavonoid biosynthetic genes are highly expressed in 8267 variety. In particular, the flavanone 3'-hydroxylase BrF3'H (Bra009312) is expressed almost exclusively in 8267. We isolated the coding sequences of BrF3'H from the two varieties and found that both sequences encode identical amino acid sequences and are highly conserved with F3'H genes from other species. An in vitro enzymatic assay demonstrated that the recombinant BrF3'H protein catalyzes the 3'-hydroxylation of a wide range of 4'-hydroxylated flavonoid substrates. Kinetic analysis showed that kaempferol is the most preferred substrate and dihydrokaempferol (DHK) is the poorest substrate for recombinant BrF3'H among those tested. Transient expression of BrF3'H in Nicotiana benthamiana followed by infiltration of naringenin and DHK as substrates resulted in eriodictyol and quercetin production in the infiltrated leaves, demonstrating the functionality of BrF3'H in planta. As the first functional characterization of BrF3'H, our study provides insight into the molecular mechanism underlying purple coloration in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyu Park
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, JeonJu, South Korea
| | - Hyo Lee
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, JeonJu, South Korea
| | - Myung Ki Min
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, JeonJu, South Korea
| | - Jihee Ha
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, JeonJu, South Korea
| | - Jaeeun Song
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, JeonJu, South Korea
| | - Chan Ju Lim
- Institute of Biotechnology and Breeding, Asiaseed Inc., Icheon, South Korea
| | - Jinpyo Oh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Breeding, Asiaseed Inc., Icheon, South Korea
| | - Saet Buyl Lee
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, JeonJu, South Korea
| | - Jong-Yeol Lee
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, JeonJu, South Korea
| | - Beom-Gi Kim
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, JeonJu, South Korea
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Optimized biosynthesis of santalenes and santalols in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8795-8804. [PMID: 34738171 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Santalenes and santalols from Santalum album are the main components of the valuable spice sandalwood essential oil, which also has excellent pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor. Firstly, we constructed biosynthesis pathways of santalenes by synthetic biology strategy. The assembled biosynthetic cassettes were integrated into the multiple copy loci of δ gene in S. cerevisiae BY4742 with assistance of pDi-CRISPR, and 94.6 mg/L santalenes was obtained by shake flask fermentation of engineered yeast. Secondly, a selected optimized P450-CPR redox system was integrated into the chromosome of the santalenes-producing strain with a single copy, and 24.6 mg/L santalols were obtained. Finally, the yields of santalenes and santalols were increased to 164.7 and 68.8 mg/L, respectively, by downregulating ERG9 gene. This is the first report on the de novo synthesis of santalols by P450-CPR chimera in S. cerevisiae. Meanwhile, the optimized chimeric CYP736A167opt-46tATR1opt exhibits higher activity to oxidize santalenes into santalols. It would provide a feasible solution for the optimal biosynthesis of santalols. KEY POINTS: • First-time de novo synthesis of santalols by P450-CPR chimera in S. cerevisiae. • Truncated 46tATR1 has higher activity than that of CPR2. • Yields of santalenes and santalols were increased by downregulating ERG9 gene.
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Liu X, Bu J, Ma Y, Chen Y, Li Q, Jiao X, Hu Z, Cui G, Tang J, Guo J, Huang L. Functional characterization of (S)-N-methylcoclaurine 3'-hydroxylase (NMCH) involved in the biosynthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in Corydalis yanhusuo. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:507-515. [PMID: 34757301 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are compounds naturally found in plants and can have significant value in clinical settings. Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology are both promising approaches for the heterologous acquisition of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. (S)-N-methylcoclaurine 3'-hydroxylase (NMCH), a member of the CYP80 family of CYP450, is the penultimate catalytic enzyme that forms the central branch-point intermediate (S)-reticuline and plays a key role in the biosynthesis of BIAs. In this study, an NMCH gene was cloned from Corydalis yanhusuo, while in vitro reactions demonstrated that CyNMCH can catalyze (S)-N-methylcoclaurine to produce (S)-3'-hydroxy-N-methylcoclaurine. The Km and Kcat of CyNMCH were estimated and compared with those identified in Eschscholzia californica and Coptis japonica. This newly discovered CyNMCH will provide alternative genetic resources for the synthetic biological production of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and provides a foundation to help analyze the biosynthetic pathway of BIAs biosynthesis in C. yanhusuo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156 Jinshuidong Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, China; State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, NO.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongcheng district, Beijing, China.
| | - Junling Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, NO.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongcheng district, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, NO.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongcheng district, Beijing, China.
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Qishuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, NO.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongcheng district, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiang Jiao
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Zhimin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, NO.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongcheng district, Beijing, China.
| | - Guanghong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, NO.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongcheng district, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinfu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, NO.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongcheng district, Beijing, China.
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, NO.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongcheng district, Beijing, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, NO.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongcheng district, Beijing, China.
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Liang J, An T, Zhu JX, Chen S, Zhu JH, Peters RJ, Yu R, Zi J. Mining of the Catharanthus roseus Genome Leads to Identification of a Biosynthetic Gene Cluster for Fungicidal Sesquiterpenes. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2709-2716. [PMID: 34644092 PMCID: PMC8627374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) from microbial genomes has been proven to be a powerful approach to the discovery of new natural products. However, such a genome mining approach to the discovery of bioactive plant metabolites has been muted. The plant BGCs characterized to date encode pathways for antibiotics important in plant defense against microbial pathogens, providing a means to discover such phytoalexins by mining plant genomes. Here is reported the discovery and characterization of a minimal BGC from the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus, consisting of an adjacent pair of genes encoding a terpene synthase (CrTPS18) and cytochrome P450 (CYP71D349). These two enzymes act sequentially, with CrTPS18 acting as a sesquiterpene synthase, producing 5-epi-jinkoheremol (1), which CYP71D349 further hydroxylates to debneyol (2). Infection studies with maize revealed that 1 and 2 exhibit more potent fungicidal activity than validamycin. Accordingly, this study demonstrates that characterization of such cryptic plant BGCs is a promising strategy for the discovery of potential agrochemical leads. Moreover, despite the observed absence of 1 and 2 in C. roseus, the observed transcriptional regulation is consistent with their differential fungicidal activity, suggesting that such conditional coexpression may be sufficient to drive BGC assembly in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincai Liang
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tianyue An
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jian-Xun Zhu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Reuben J. Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
- Jiachen Zi – Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; ; Rongmin Yu – Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; ; Reuben J. Peters – Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States;
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Jiachen Zi – Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; ; Rongmin Yu – Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; ; Reuben J. Peters – Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States;
| | - Jiachen Zi
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Jiachen Zi – Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; ; Rongmin Yu – Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; ; Reuben J. Peters – Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States;
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32
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Cao L, Zhou Z, Sun J, Li C, Zhang Y. Altering Sterol Composition Implied That Cholesterol Is Not Physiologically Associated With Diosgenin Biosynthesis in Trigonella foenum-graecum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:741604. [PMID: 34733302 PMCID: PMC8558557 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.741604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin serves as an important precursor of most steroidal drugs in market. Cholesterol was previously deemed as a sterol origin leading to diosgenin biosynthesis. This study reports that cholesterol is not in parallel with diosgenin biosynthesis in Trigonella foenum-graecum. We first perturbed its sterol composition using inhibitors specific for the upstream isoprenoid pathway enzymes, HMGR (3-hydroxy-3-methylgutaryl-CoA reductase) on the mevalonate (MVA) and DXR (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase) on the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phophate (MEP) pathways, and have revealed that diosgenin and cholesterol reversely or differently accumulated in either the MVA or the MEP pathway-suppressed plants, challenging the previously proposed role of cholesterol in diosgenin biosynthesis. To further investigate this, we altered the sterol composition by suppressing and overexpressing the 24-sterol methyltransferase type 1 (SMT1) gene in T. foenum-graecum, as SMT1 acts in the first committed step of diverting the carbon flux of cholesterol toward biosynthesis of 24-alkyl sterols. Knockdown of TfSMT1 expression led to increased cholesterol level but caused a large reduction of diosgenin. Diosgenin was increased upon the TfSMT1-overexpressing, which, however, did not significantly affect cholesterol biosynthesis. These data consistently supported that diosgenin biosynthesis in T. foenum-graecum is not associated with cholesterol. Rather, campesterol, a 24-alkyl sterol, was indicative of being correlative to diosgenin biosynthesis in T. foenum-graecum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Research Center for Natural Products, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilin Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Patent Examination Cooperation (Henan) Center of the Patent Office, China National Intellectual Property Administration, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Research Center for Natural Products, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changfu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Research Center for Natural Products, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yansheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Research Center for Natural Products, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Liao J, Xie L, Shi H, Cui S, Lan F, Luo Z, Ma X. Development of an efficient transient expression system for Siraitia grosvenorii fruit and functional characterization of two NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductases. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 189:112824. [PMID: 34102591 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Siraitia grosvenorii (Luo hanguo or monk fruit) is a valuable medicinal herb for which the market demand has increased dramatically worldwide. As promising natural sweeteners, mogrosides have received much attention from researchers because of their extremely high sweetness and lack of calories. Nevertheless, owing to the absence of genetic transformation methods, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of mogroside biosynthesis have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, an effective method for gene function analysis needs to be developed for S. grosvenorii fruit. As a powerful approach, transient expression has become a versatile method to elucidate the biological functions of genes and proteins in various plant species. In this study, PBI121 with a β-glucuronidase (GUS) marker and tobacco rattle virus (TRV) were used as vectors for overexpression and silencing, respectively, of the SgCPR1 and SgCPR2 genes in S. grosvenorii fruit. The effectiveness of transient expression was validated by GUS staining in S. grosvenorii fruit, and the expression levels of SgCPR1 and SgCPR2 increased significantly after infiltration for 36 h. In addition, TRV-induced gene silencing suppressed the expression of SgCPR1 and SgCPR2 in S. grosvenorii fruit. More importantly, the production of the major secondary metabolites mogrol, mogroside IIE (MIIE) and mogroside III (MIII) was activated by the overexpression of SgCPR1 and SgCPR2 in S. grosvenorii fruit, with levels 1-2 times those in the control group. Moreover, the accumulation of mogrol, MIIE and MIII was decreased in the SgCPR1 and SgCPR2 gene silencing assays. Therefore, this transient expression approach was available for S. grosvenorii fruit, providing insight into the expression of the SgCPR1 and SgCPR2 genes involved in the mogroside biosynthesis pathway. Our study also suggests that this method has potential applications in the exploration of the molecular mechanisms, biochemical hypotheses and functional characteristics of S. grosvenorii genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongwu Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shengrong Cui
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fusheng Lan
- Guilin GFS Monk Fruit Corp, Guilin, 541006, China
| | - Zuliang Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Villard C, Munakata R, Kitajima S, van Velzen R, Schranz ME, Larbat R, Hehn A. A new P450 involved in the furanocoumarin pathway underlies a recent case of convergent evolution. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1923-1939. [PMID: 33978969 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Furanocoumarins are phytoalexins often cited as an example to illustrate the arms race between plants and herbivorous insects. They are distributed in a limited number of phylogenetically distant plant lineages, but synthesized through a similar pathway, which raised the question of a unique or multiple emergence in higher plants. The furanocoumarin pathway was investigated in the fig tree (Ficus carica, Moraceae). Transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches led to the identification of CYP76F112, a cytochrome P450 catalyzing an original reaction. CYP76F112 emergence was inquired using phylogenetics combined with in silico modeling and site-directed mutagenesis. CYP76F112 was found to convert demethylsuberosin into marmesin with a very high affinity. This atypical cyclization reaction represents a key step within the polyphenol biosynthesis pathway. CYP76F112 evolutionary patterns suggests that the marmesin synthase activity appeared recently in the Moraceae family, through a lineage-specific expansion and diversification. The characterization of CYP76F112 as the first known marmesin synthase opens new prospects for the use of the furanocoumarin pathway. It also supports the multiple acquisition of furanocoumarin in angiosperms by convergent evolution, and opens new perspectives regarding the ability of cytochromes P450 to evolve new functions related to plant adaptation to their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloé Villard
- LAE, Université de Lorraine-INRAE, Nancy, 54000, France
| | - Ryosuke Munakata
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Expression, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Sakihito Kitajima
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Robin van Velzen
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Romain Larbat
- LAE, Université de Lorraine-INRAE, Nancy, 54000, France
| | - Alain Hehn
- LAE, Université de Lorraine-INRAE, Nancy, 54000, France
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Kriegshauser L, Knosp S, Grienenberger E, Tatsumi K, Gütle DD, Sørensen I, Herrgott L, Zumsteg J, Rose JKC, Reski R, Werck-Reichhart D, Renault H. Function of the HYDROXYCINNAMOYL-CoA:SHIKIMATE HYDROXYCINNAMOYL TRANSFERASE is evolutionarily conserved in embryophytes. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:1472-1491. [PMID: 33638637 PMCID: PMC8254490 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The plant phenylpropanoid pathway generates a major class of specialized metabolites and precursors of essential extracellular polymers that initially appeared upon plant terrestrialization. Despite its evolutionary significance, little is known about the complexity and function of this major metabolic pathway in extant bryophytes, which represent the non-vascular stage of embryophyte evolution. Here, we report that the HYDROXYCINNAMOYL-CoA:SHIKIMATE HYDROXYCINNAMOYL TRANSFERASE (HCT) gene, which plays a critical function in the phenylpropanoid pathway during seed plant development, is functionally conserved in Physcomitrium patens (Physcomitrella), in the moss lineage of bryophytes. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that bona fide HCT function emerged in the progenitor of embryophytes. In vitro enzyme assays, moss phenolic pathway reconstitution in yeast and in planta gene inactivation coupled to targeted metabolic profiling, collectively indicate that P. patens HCT (PpHCT), similar to tracheophyte HCT orthologs, uses shikimate as a native acyl acceptor to produce a p-coumaroyl-5-O-shikimate intermediate. Phenotypic and metabolic analyses of loss-of-function mutants show that PpHCT is necessary for the production of caffeate derivatives, including previously reported caffeoyl-threonate esters, and for the formation of an intact cuticle. Deep conservation of HCT function in embryophytes is further suggested by the ability of HCT genes from P. patens and the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha to complement an Arabidopsis thaliana CRISPR/Cas9 hct mutant, and by the presence of phenolic esters of shikimate in representative species of the three bryophyte lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Kriegshauser
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Samuel Knosp
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Grienenberger
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kanade Tatsumi
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Desirée D Gütle
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Iben Sørensen
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Laurence Herrgott
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Zumsteg
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jocelyn K C Rose
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS—Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Danièle Werck-Reichhart
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Hugues Renault
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
- Author for correspondence:
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Optimization of Tabersonine Methoxylation to Increase Vindoline Precursor Synthesis in Yeast Cell Factories. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123596. [PMID: 34208368 PMCID: PMC8231165 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant specialized metabolites are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, including the monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) vinblastine and vincristine, which both display anticancer activity. Both compounds can be obtained through the chemical condensation of their precursors vindoline and catharanthine extracted from leaves of the Madagascar periwinkle. However, the extensive use of these molecules in chemotherapy increases precursor demand and results in recurrent shortages, explaining why the development of alternative production approaches, such microbial cell factories, is mandatory. In this context, the precursor-directed biosynthesis of vindoline from tabersonine in yeast-expressing heterologous biosynthetic genes is of particular interest but has not reached high production scales to date. To circumvent production bottlenecks, the metabolic flux was channeled towards the MIA of interest by modulating the copy number of the first two genes of the vindoline biosynthetic pathway, namely tabersonine 16-hydroxylase and tabersonine-16-O-methyltransferase. Increasing gene copies resulted in an optimized methoxylation of tabersonine and overcame the competition for tabersonine access with the third enzyme of the pathway, tabersonine 3-oxygenase, which exhibits a high substrate promiscuity. Through this approach, we successfully created a yeast strain that produces the fourth biosynthetic intermediate of vindoline without accumulation of other intermediates or undesired side-products. This optimization will probably pave the way towards the future development of yeast cell factories to produce vindoline at an industrial scale.
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Bian Q, Zhou P, Yao Z, Li M, Yu H, Ye L. Heterologous biosynthesis of lutein in S. cerevisiae enabled by temporospatial pathway control. Metab Eng 2021; 67:19-28. [PMID: 34077803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The market-expanding lutein is currently mainly supplied by plant extraction, with microbial fermentation using engineered cell factory emerging as a promising substitution. During construction of lutein-producing yeast, α-carotene formation through asymmetric ε- and β-cyclization of lycopene was found as the main limiting step, attributed to intra-pathway competition of the cyclases for lycopene, forming β-carotene instead. To solve this problem, temperature-responsive expression of β-cyclase was coupled to constitutive expression of ε-cyclase for flux redirection to α-carotene by allowing ε-cyclization to occur first. Meanwhile, the ε-cyclase was engineered and re-localized to the plasma membrane for further flux reinforcement towards α-carotene. Finally, pathway extension with proper combination of carotenoid hydroxylases enabled lutein (438 μg/g dry cells) biosynthesis in S. cerevisiae. The success of heterologous lutein biosynthesis in yeast suggested temporospatial pathway control as a potential strategy in solving intra-pathway competitions, and may also be applicable for promoting the biosynthesis of other natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Bian
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Pingping Zhou
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhen Yao
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lidan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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Li W, Wang L, Zhou F, Li C, Ma W, Chen H, Wang G, Pickett JA, Zhou JJ, Lin Y. Overexpression of the homoterpene synthase gene, OsCYP92C21, increases emissions of volatiles mediating tritrophic interactions in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:948-963. [PMID: 33099790 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant defence homoterpenes can be used to attract pest natural enemies. However, the biosynthetic pathway of homoterpenes is still unknown in rice, and the practical application of such indirect defence systems suffers from inherent limitations due to their low emissions from plants. Here, we demonstrated that the protein OsCYP92C21 is responsible for homoterpene biosynthesis in rice. We also revealed that the ability of rice to produce homoterpenes is dependent on the subcellular precursor pools. By increasing the precursor pools through specifically subcellular targeting expression, genetic transformation and genetic introgression, we significantly enhanced homoterpene biosynthesis in rice. The final introgressed GM rice plants exhibited higher homoterpene emissions than the wild type rice and the highest homoterpene emission reported so far for such GM plants even without the induction of herbivore attack. As a result, these GM rice plants demonstrated strong attractiveness to the parasitic wasp Cotesia chilonis. This study discovered the homoterpene biosynthesis pathway in rice, and lays the foundation for the utilisation of plant indirect defence mechanism in the "push-pull" strategy of integrated pest management through increasing precursor pools in the subcellular compartments and overexpressing homoterpene synthase by genetic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingnan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changyan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Miller JC, Hollatz AJ, Schuler MA. P450 variations bifurcate the early terpene indole alkaloid pathway in Catharanthus roseus and Camptotheca acuminata. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 183:112626. [PMID: 33445145 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Divergent terpene indole alkaloid (TIA) pathways in Catharanthus roseus and Camptotheca acuminata generate vinblastine and vincristine, and camptothecin, respectively. In contrast to Catharanthus which feeds secologanin (from methylated loganin) into its species-specific late pathway, Camptotheca feeds secologanic acid (from unmethylated loganic acid) into its late pathway. Having identified putative Camptotheca secologanic acid synthases (SLASs) and cytochrome P450 reductases (CPRs) in transcriptome databases, we have demonstrated that two P450s, CYP72A564 and CYP72A565, are capable of utilizing both loganic acid and loganin to generate secologanic acid and secologanin. We have extended the previous report of these activities by CYP72A565 and CYP72A610 (Yang et al., 2019) by demonstrating that both Arabidopsis CPRs (ATR1, ATR2) couple with these CYP72A proteins in yeast microsomal assays and that purified Camptotheca CPR1 couples with them in in vitro reconstitution assays. Kinetic analyses of purified full-length Camptotheca SLASs have indicated that both process loganic acid with nearly identical catalytic rates and efficiencies as measured by their kcat and kcat/KM. In contrast, CYP72A564 processes loganin with two-fold greater efficiency than CYP72A565 correlating with the former's 3-fold greater affinity for loganin. The closely-related CYP72A730 does not bind or process either compound. Molecular modeling of these three proteins and comparisons with Catharanthus secologanin synthase (SLS) have identified key differences that likely determine their SLAS versus SLS selectivities. Our ability to reconstitute these SLAS/SLS activities provides valuable tools for further examinations of the residues involved in substrate recognition and determinations of their unusual mechanism of C-C bond scission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., 162 Edward R. Madigan Laboratory (ERML), Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Allison J Hollatz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., 162 ERML, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Mary A Schuler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., 162 ERML, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., 162 ERML, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., 162 ERML, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Ma Y, Cui G, Chen T, Ma X, Wang R, Jin B, Yang J, Kang L, Tang J, Lai C, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Shen Y, Zeng W, Peters RJ, Qi X, Guo J, Huang L. Expansion within the CYP71D subfamily drives the heterocyclization of tanshinones synthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Nat Commun 2021; 12:685. [PMID: 33514704 PMCID: PMC7846762 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinones are the bioactive nor-diterpenoid constituents of the Chinese medicinal herb Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza). These groups of chemicals have the characteristic furan D-ring, which differentiates them from the phenolic abietane-type diterpenoids frequently found in the Lamiaceae family. However, how the 14,16-epoxy is formed has not been elucidated. Here, we report an improved genome assembly of Danshen using a highly homozygous genotype. We identify a cytochrome P450 (CYP71D) tandem gene array through gene expansion analysis. We show that CYP71D373 and CYP71D375 catalyze hydroxylation at carbon-16 (C16) and 14,16-ether (hetero)cyclization to form the D-ring, whereas CYP71D411 catalyzes upstream hydroxylation at C20. In addition, we discover a large biosynthetic gene cluster associated with tanshinone production. Collinearity analysis indicates a more specific origin of tanshinones in Salvia genus. It illustrates the evolutionary origin of abietane-type diterpenoids and those with a furan D-ring in Lamiaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghong Cui
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ruishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baolong Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Kang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfu Tang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changjiangsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Shen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Reuben J Peters
- Roy J. Carver Dep. of Biochem., Biophys. & Mol. Biol., Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Xiaoquan Qi
- Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Istiandari P, Yasumoto S, Srisawat P, Tamura K, Chikugo A, Suzuki H, Seki H, Fukushima EO, Muranaka T. Comparative Analysis of NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Reductases From Legumes for Heterologous Production of Triterpenoids in Transgenic Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:762546. [PMID: 34975947 PMCID: PMC8716914 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.762546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenoids are plant specialized metabolites with various pharmacological activities. They are widely distributed in higher plants, such as legumes. Because of their low accumulation in plants, there is a need for improving triterpenoid production. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) play critical roles in the structural diversification of triterpenoids. To perform site-specific oxidations, CYPs require the electrons that are transferred by NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR). Plants possess two main CPR classes, class I and class II. CPR classes I and II have been reported to be responsible for primary and specialized (secondary) metabolism, respectively. In this study, we first analyzed the CPR expression level of three legumes species, Medicago truncatula, Lotus japonicus, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis, showing that the expression level of CPR class I was lower and more stable, while that of CPR class II was higher in almost all the samples. We then co-expressed different combinations of CYP716As and CYP72As with different CPR classes from these three legumes in transgenic yeast. We found that CYP716As worked better with CPR-I from the same species, while CYP72As worked better with any CPR-IIs. Using engineered yeast strains, CYP88D6 paired with class II GuCPR produced the highest level of 11-oxo-β-amyrin, the important precursor of high-value metabolites glycyrrhizin. This study provides insight into co-expressing genes from legumes for heterologous production of triterpenoids in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramesti Istiandari
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yasumoto
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Pisanee Srisawat
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Keita Tamura
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayaka Chikugo
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Hikaru Seki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ery Odette Fukushima
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Plant Translational Research Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Tena, Ecuador
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Toshiya Muranaka,
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Wang Z, Jian X, Zhao Y, Li S, Sui Z, Li L, Kong L, Luo J. Functional characterization of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase from Helianthus annuus Linn using a fusion protein method. Gene 2020; 758:144950. [PMID: 32683078 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oil crop, the secondary metabolites of it include many compounds such as flavonoids and lignin. However, the research on the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds in sunflowers is still scarce. Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) belongs to the cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase family and is involved in the synthesis of many phenolic compounds, but C4H in sunflowers has not yet been cloned and functionally characterized. In this study, we screened three C4H genes from the sunflower transcriptome and genomic databases, named HaC4H1, HaC4H2, and, HaC4H3, respectively. In heterologous expression experiments, we had improved a method from previous studies by the addition of restriction sites to make it easier to express multiple C4H functions and suitable for in vitro activity verification. HaC4Hs without the N-terminal membrane anchor region was fused with a redox partner of Arabidopsis thaliana cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP450) by the method and functionally expressed in E. coli and the results showed that these three enzymes catalyzed the formation of p-coumaric acid. To further investigate whether our fusion protein approach is applicable to other C4Hs, we used this method to explore the functions of C4H from Peucedanum praeruptorum and Angelica decursiva, and they can also convert trans-cinnamic acid to p-coumaric acid. The gene expression profile showed that all three HaC4H genes showed the highest transcription levels in the roots and might be up-regulated by MeJA. In summary, these results reveal the function of HaC4Hs in sunflower and provide a simpler way to explore C4H and even other cytochrome P450 enzymes in prokaryotic expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyun Jian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Sui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Nett RS, Lau W, Sattely ES. Discovery and engineering of colchicine alkaloid biosynthesis. Nature 2020; 584:148-153. [PMID: 32699417 PMCID: PMC7958869 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Few complete pathways have been established for the biosynthesis of medicinal compounds from plants. Accordingly, many plant-derived therapeutics are isolated directly from medicinal plants or plant cell culture1. A lead example is colchicine, a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatment for inflammatory disorders that is sourced from Colchicum and Gloriosa species2-5. Here we use a combination of transcriptomics, metabolic logic and pathway reconstitution to elucidate a near-complete biosynthetic pathway to colchicine without prior knowledge of biosynthetic genes, a sequenced genome or genetic tools in the native host. We uncovered eight genes from Gloriosa superba for the biosynthesis of N-formyldemecolcine, a colchicine precursor that contains the characteristic tropolone ring and pharmacophore of colchicine6. Notably, we identified a non-canonical cytochrome P450 that catalyses the remarkable ring expansion reaction that is required to produce the distinct carbon scaffold of colchicine. We further used the newly identified genes to engineer a biosynthetic pathway (comprising 16 enzymes in total) to N-formyldemecolcine in Nicotiana benthamiana starting from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. This study establishes a metabolic route to tropolone-containing colchicine alkaloids and provides insights into the unique chemistry that plants use to generate complex, bioactive metabolites from simple amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Nett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Warren Lau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Sattely
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Mao Y, Ma Y, Chen T, Ma X, Xu Y, Bu J, Li Q, Jin B, Wang Y, Li Y, Cui G, Zhao Y, Tang J, Shen Y, Lai C, Zeng W, Chen M, Guo J, Huang L. Functional Integration of Two CYP450 Genes Involved in Biosynthesis of Tanshinones for Improved Diterpenoid Production by Synthetic Biology. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1763-1770. [PMID: 32551504 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are important enzymes in the secondary metabolism of plants and have been recognized as key players in bioengineering and synthetic biology. Previously reported CYP76AH1 and CYP76AH3, having greater than 80% sequence homology, played a continuous catalytic role in the biosynthesis of tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Homology modeling indicates that four sites might be responsible for differences in catalytic activity between the two enzymes. A series of modeling-based mutational variants of CYP76AH1 were designed to integrate the functions of the two CYPs. The mutant CYP76AH1D301E,V479F, which integrated the functions of CYP76AH1 and CYP76AH3, was found to efficiently catalyze C11 and C12 hydroxylation and C7 oxidation of miltiradiene substrates. Integration and utilization of CYP76AH1D301E,V479F by synthetic biology methods allowed the robust production of 11-hydroxy ferruginol, sugiol, and 11-hydroxy sugiol in yeast. The functionally integrated CYP gene after active site modifications improves catalytic efficiency by reducing the transfer of intermediate metabolites between component proteins. This provides a synthetic biology reference for improving the catalytic efficiencies of systems that produce plant natural products in microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Mao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yanqin Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Junling Bu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qishuang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013,China
| | - Baolong Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Guanghong Cui
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jinfu Tang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ye Shen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Changjiangsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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Dale MP, Moses T, Johnston EJ, Rosser SJ. A systematic comparison of triterpenoid biosynthetic enzymes for the production of oleanolic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231980. [PMID: 32357188 PMCID: PMC7194398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triterpenoids are high-value plant metabolites with numerous applications in medicine, agriculture, food, and home and personal care products. However, plants produce triterpenoids in low abundance, and their complex structures make their chemical synthesis prohibitively expensive and often impossible. As such, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been explored as an alternative means of production. An important triterpenoid is oleanolic acid because it is the precursor to many bioactive triterpenoids of commercial interest, such as QS-21 which is being evaluated as a vaccine adjuvant in clinical trials against HIV and malaria. Oleanolic acid is derived from 2,3-oxidosqualene (natively produced by yeast) via a cyclisation and a multi-step oxidation reaction, catalysed by a β-amyrin synthase and a cytochrome P450 of the CYP716A subfamily, respectively. Although many homologues have been characterised, previous studies have used arbitrarily chosen β-amyrin synthases and CYP716As to produce oleanolic acid and its derivatives in yeast. This study presents the first comprehensive comparison of β-amyrin synthase and CYP716A enzyme activities in yeast. Strains expressing different homologues are compared for production, revealing 6.3- and 4.5-fold differences in β-amyrin and oleanolic acid productivities and varying CYP716A product profiles, which are important to consider when engineering strains for the production of bioactive oleanolic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Dale
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa Moses
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Emily J Johnston
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Susan J Rosser
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Roh J, Moon J, Youn JH, Seo C, Park YJ, Kim SK. Establishment of Biosynthetic Pathways To Generate Castasterone as the Biologically Active Brassinosteroid in Brachypodium distachyon. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3912-3923. [PMID: 32146811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that castasterone and its biosynthetic precursors are found in Brachypodium distachyon. In vitro conversion experiments with crude enzyme solutions prepared from B. distachyon demonstrated the presence of the following biosynthetic sequences: campesterol → campesta-4-en-3-one → campesta-3-one → campestanol → 6-deoxocathasterone → 6-deoxoteasterone → teasterone ↔ 3-dehydroteasterone ↔ typhasterol → castasterone. campesterol → 22-hydroxycampesterol → 22-hydroxy-campesta-4-en-3-one → 22-hydroxy-campesta-3-one → 6-deoxo-3-dehydroteasterone → 3-dehydroteasterone. 6-deoxoteasterone ↔ 6-deoxo-3-dehydroteasterone ↔ 6-deoxotyphasterol → 6-deoxocastasterone → castasterone. This shows that there are campestanol-dependent and campestanol-independent pathway in B. distachyon that synthesize 24-methylated brassinosteroids (BRs). Biochemical analysis of BRs biosynthetic enzymes confirmed that BdDET2, BdCYP90B1, BdCYP90A1, BdCYP90D2, and BdCYP85A1 are orthologous to BR 5α-reductase, BR C-22 hydroxylase, BR C-3 oxidase, BR C-23 hydroxylase, and BR C-6 oxidase, respectively. Brassinolide was not identified in B. distachyon. Additionally, B. distachyon crude enzyme solutions could not catalyze the conversion of castasterone to brassinolide, and the gene encoding an ortholog of CYP85A2 (a brassinolide synthase) was not found in B. distachyon. These results strongly suggest that the end product for brassinosteroid biosynthesis which controls the growth and development of B. distachyon is not brassinolide but rather castasterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehee Roh
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Moon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Youn
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaiweon Seo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Park
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ki Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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47
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Yin Y, Li Y, Jiang D, Zhang X, Gao W, Liu C. De novo biosynthesis of liquiritin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:711-721. [PMID: 32322472 PMCID: PMC7161706 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquiritigenin (LG), isoliquiritigenin (Iso-LG), together with their respective glycoside derivatives liquiritin (LN) and isoliquiritin (Iso-LN), are the main active flavonoids of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, which is arguably the most widely used medicinal plant with enormous demand on the market, including Chinese medicine prescriptions, preparations, health care products and even food. Pharmacological studies have shown that these ingredients have broad medicinal value, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Although the biosynthetic pathway of glycyrrhizin, a triterpenoid component from G. uralensis, has been fully analyzed, little attention has been paid to the biosynthesis of the flavonoids of this plant. To obtain the enzyme-coding genes responsible for the biosynthesis of LN, analysis and screening were carried out by combining genome and comparative transcriptome database searches of G. uralensis and homologous genes of known flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. The catalytic functions of candidate genes were determined by in vitro or in vivo characterization. This work characterized the complete biosynthetic pathway of LN and achieved the de novo biosynthesis of liquiritin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using endogenous yeast metabolites as precursors and cofactors for the first time, which provides a possibility for the economical and sustainable production and application of G. uralensis flavonoids through synthetic biology.
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Key Words
- 4CL, 4-coumarate CoA ligase
- C4H, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase
- CHI, chalcone isomerase
- CHR, chalcone reductase
- CHS, chalcone synthase
- CiA, cinnamic acid
- F7GT, flavone 7-O-glucosyltransferase
- Glycyrrhiza uralensis
- Heterologous synthesis
- Iso-LG, isoliquiritigenin
- Iso-LN, isoliquiritin
- Isoliquiritigenin
- Isoliquiritin
- LG, liquiritigenin
- LN, liquiritin
- Liquiritigenin
- Liquiritin
- MeJA, methyl jasmonate
- PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
- Phe, phenylalanine
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- UGT, UDP-glucosyltransferase
- p-CA, p-coumaric acid
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48
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Tu L, Su P, Zhang Z, Gao L, Wang J, Hu T, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Song Y, Tong Y, Lu Y, Yang J, Xu C, Jia M, Peters RJ, Huang L, Gao W. Genome of Tripterygium wilfordii and identification of cytochrome P450 involved in triptolide biosynthesis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:971. [PMID: 32080175 PMCID: PMC7033203 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide is a trace natural product of Tripterygium wilfordii. It has antitumor activities, particularly against pancreatic cancer cells. Identification of genes and elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway leading to triptolide are the prerequisite for heterologous bioproduction. Here, we report a reference-grade genome of T. wilfordii with a contig N50 of 4.36 Mb. We show that copy numbers of triptolide biosynthetic pathway genes are impacted by a recent whole-genome triplication event. We further integrate genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data to map a gene-to-metabolite network. This leads to the identification of a cytochrome P450 (CYP728B70) that can catalyze oxidation of a methyl to the acid moiety of dehydroabietic acid in triptolide biosynthesis. We think the genomic resource and the candidate genes reported here set the foundation to fully reveal triptolide biosynthetic pathway and consequently the heterologous bioproduction. Tripterygium wilfordii is a medical plant that can produce antitumor activity compound triptolide. Here, the authors assemble its genome and identify a cytochrome P450 that can catalyze oxidation of a methyl to the acid moiety of dehydroabietic acid in triptolide biosynthesis by integrating multi-omics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichan Tu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Su
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | | | - Linhui Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiadian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyuan Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yadi Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuru Tong
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cao Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meirong Jia
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Reuben J Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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49
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Yang J, Liang J, Shao L, Liu L, Gao K, Zhang JL, Sun Z, Xu W, Lin P, Yu R, Zi J. Green production of silybin and isosilybin by merging metabolic engineering approaches and enzymatic catalysis. Metab Eng 2020; 59:44-52. [PMID: 32004707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Silymarin extracted from milk thistle seeds, is used for treating hepatic diseases. Silybin and isosilybin are its main components, and synthesized from coupling of taxifolin and coniferyl alcohol. Here, the biosynthetic pathways of taxifolin and coniferyl alcohol were reconstructed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the first time. To alleviate substantial burden caused by a great deal of genetic manipulation, expression of the enzymes (e.g. ZWF1, TYR1 and ARO8) playing multiple roles in the relevant biosynthetic pathways was selectively optimized. The strain YT1035 overexpressing seven heterologous enzymes and five native enzymes and the strain YC1053 overexpressing seven heterologous enzymes and four native enzymes, respectively produce 336.8 mg/L taxifolin and 201.1 mg/L coniferyl alcohol. Silybin and isosilybin are synthesized from taxifolin and coniferyl alcohol under catalysis of APX1t (the truncated milk thistle peroxidase), with a yield of 62.5%. This study demonstrates an approach for producing silybin and isosilybin from glucose for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazeng Yang
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jincai Liang
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lei Shao
- Microbial Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ke Gao
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jun-Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhenjiao Sun
- Guangdong Qingyunshan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shaoguan, 512600, China
| | - Wendong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Extraction and Separation Process of TCM/Guangzhou Hanfang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510240, China
| | - Pengcheng Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, 810007, China
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiachen Zi
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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50
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He J, Chen Q, Xin P, Yuan J, Ma Y, Wang X, Xu M, Chu J, Peters RJ, Wang G. CYP72A enzymes catalyse 13-hydrolyzation of gibberellins. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:1057-1065. [PMID: 31527846 PMCID: PMC7194175 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive gibberellins (GAs or diterpenes) are essential hormones in land plants that control many aspects of plant growth and development. In flowering plants, 13-OH GAs (having low bioactivity-for example, GA1) and 13-H GAs (having high bioactivity-for example, GA4) frequently coexist in the same plant. However, the identity of the native Arabidopsis thaliana 13-hydroxylase GA and its physiological functions remain unknown. Here, we report that cytochrome P450 genes (CYP72A9 and its homologues) encode active GA 13-hydroxylases in Brassicaceae. Plants overexpressing CYP72A9 exhibited semi-dwarfism, which was caused by significant reduction in GA4 levels. Biochemical assays revealed that recombinant CYP72A9 protein catalysed the conversion of 13-H GAs to the corresponding 13-OH GAs. CYP72A9 was expressed predominantly in developing seeds in Arabidopsis. Freshly harvested seeds of cyp72a9 mutants germinated more quickly than the wild type, whereas stratification-treated seeds and seeds from long-term storage did not. The evolutionary origin of GA 13-oxidases from the CYP72A subfamily was also investigated and discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan He
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyong Xin
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yihua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meimei Xu
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Reuben J Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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