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Bonadonna LV, Guerrero E, McClendon T, Union S, Kabbani D, Wittmann D, Cohn J, Veltman J. Evaluation of an HIV homecare program for lost-to-follow-up populations: a mixed methods study in Detroit, Michigan. AIDS Res Ther 2024; 21:21. [PMID: 38609992 PMCID: PMC11015688 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-024-00608-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in clinical care is a global priority. In the Metro Detroit area of Michigan, approximately 30% of PLWHIV are out of care. To re-engage lost-to-follow-up patients, Wayne Health Infectious Disease clinic launched an innovative Homecare program in 2017. In addition to home healthcare delivery, the program included links to community resources and quarterly community meetings. We aimed to evaluate Homecare's impact on participants' ability to stay engaged in HIV care and reach viral suppression. We included data from PLWHIV and their healthcare workers. METHODS We used a convergent mixed-methods design, including first year program record review, semi-structured interviews, and a validated Likert scale questionnaire rating illness perception before and after Homecare. Interview data were collected from 15 PLWHIV in Metro Detroit and two healthcare workers responsible for program delivery. Semi-structured interviews focused on obstacles to clinic-based care, support networks, and illness perceptions. Interview data were transcribed and analyzed using a thematic approach. A fully coded analysis was used to create a conceptual framework of factors contributing to Homecare's success. Means in eight categories of the Brief Illness Perception (IPQ) were compared using paired T-tests. RESULTS In the first year of Homecare, 28 of 34 participants (82%) became virally suppressed at least once. The program offered (1) social support and stigma reduction through strong relationships with healthcare workers, (2) removal of physical and resource barriers such as transportation, and (3) positive changes in illness perceptions. PLWHIV worked towards functional coping strategies, including improvements in emotional regulation, acceptance of their diagnosis, and more positive perspectives of control. Brief-IPQ showed significant changes in six domains before and after Homecare. CONCLUSION Homecare offers an innovative system for successfully re-engaging and maintaining lost-to-follow-up PLWHIV in care. These findings have implications for HIV control efforts and could inform the development of future programs for difficult to reach populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Bonadonna
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - E Guerrero
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - S Union
- Wayne Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - D Kabbani
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - J Cohn
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - J Veltman
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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2
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Hacker C, Mocchi M, Xiao J, Metzger B, Adkinson J, Pascuzzi B, Mathura R, Oswalt D, Watrous A, Bartoli E, Allawala A, Pirtle V, Fan X, Danstrom I, Shofty B, Banks G, Zhang Y, Armenta-Salas M, Mirpour K, Provenza N, Mathew S, Cohn J, Borton D, Goodman W, Pouratian N, Sheth S, Bijanki K. Aperiodic neural activity is a biomarker for depression severity. medRxiv 2023:2023.11.07.23298040. [PMID: 37986996 PMCID: PMC10659509 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.23298040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A reliable physiological biomarker for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is necessary to improve treatment success rates by shoring up variability in outcome measures. In this study, we establish a passive biomarker that tracks with changes in mood on the order of minutes to hours. We record from intracranial electrodes implanted deep in the brain - a surgical setting providing exquisite temporal and spatial sensitivity to detect this relationship in a difficult-to-measure brain area, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). The aperiodic slope of the power spectral density captures the balance of activity across all frequency bands and is construed as a putative proxy for excitatory/inhibitory balance in the brain. This study demonstrates how shifts in aperiodic slope correlate with depression severity in a clinical trial of deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The correlation between depression severity scores and aperiodic slope is significant in N=5 subjects, indicating that flatter (less negative) slopes correspond to reduced depression severity, especially in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. This biomarker offers a new way to track patient response to MDD treatment, facilitating individualized therapies in both intracranial and non-invasive monitoring scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Hacker
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
- Washington University in St. Louis Department of Neurosurgery
| | - M.M Mocchi
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - J. Xiao
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - B.A. Metzger
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - J.A. Adkinson
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - B.R. Pascuzzi
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - R.C. Mathura
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - D. Oswalt
- University of Pennsylvania Department of Neurosurgery
| | - A. Watrous
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - E. Bartoli
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - A. Allawala
- Brown University Department of Biomedical Engineering and Carney Institute for Brain Science
| | - V. Pirtle
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - X. Fan
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - I. Danstrom
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - B. Shofty
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - G. Banks
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - Y. Zhang
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | | | - K. Mirpour
- University of Texas Southwestern, Department of Neurosurgery
| | - N. Provenza
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - S. Mathew
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Psychiatry
| | - J. Cohn
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Psychology
| | - D. Borton
- Brown University Department of Biomedical Engineering and Carney Institute for Brain Science
- Brown University Department of Veterans Affairs Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology
| | - W. Goodman
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Psychiatry
| | - N. Pouratian
- University of Texas Southwestern, Department of Neurosurgery
| | - S.A. Sheth
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - K.R. Bijanki
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cohn
- Society for Evidence-Based Gender Medicine, Twin Falls, ID, 83301-5235, USA.
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4
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Cohn J. Elaboration of some points in "The association of gender dysphoria with psychosis". Psychiatry Res 2023; 325:115264. [PMID: 37263087 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Cohn
- Society for Evidence-Based Gender Medicine, Twin Falls, ID 83301 United States.
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5
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Abstract
There is significant disagreement about how to support trans-identified or gender-dysphoric young people. Different experts and expert bodies make strikingly different recommendations based upon the same (limited) evidence. The US-originating "gender-affirmative" model emphasizes social transition and medical intervention, while some other countries, in response to evidence reviews of medical intervention outcomes, have adopted psychological interventions as the first line of treatment. A proposed model of gender-affirming care, comprising only medical intervention for "eligible" youth, is described in Rosenthal (2021). Determining eligibility for these medical interventions is challenging and engenders considerable disagreement among experts, neither of which is mentioned. The review also claims without support that medical interventions have been shown to clearly benefit mental health, and leaves out significant risks and less invasive alternatives. The unreliability of outcome studies and the corresponding uncertainties as to how gender dysphoria develops and responds to treatment are also unreported.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cohn
- Society for Evidence-based Gender Medicine (SEGM), Twin Falls, ID, USA
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6
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Brazier-Hicks M, Franco-Ortega S, Watson P, Rougemont B, Cohn J, Dale R, Hawkes TR, Goldberg-Cavalleri A, Onkokesung N, Edwards R. Characterization of Cytochrome P450s with Key Roles in Determining Herbicide Selectivity in Maize. ACS Omega 2022; 7:17416-17431. [PMID: 35647462 PMCID: PMC9134415 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Safeners such as metcamifen and benoxacor are widely used in maize to enhance the selectivity of herbicides through the induction of key detoxifying enzymes, notably cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs). Using a combination of transcriptomics, proteomics, and functional assays, the safener-inducible CYPs responsible for herbicide metabolism in this globally important crop have been identified. A total of 18 CYPs belonging to clans 71, 72, 74, and 86 were safener-induced, with the respective enzymes expressed in yeast and screened for activity toward thiadiazine (bentazon), sulfonylurea (nicosulfuron), and triketone (mesotrione and tembotrione) chemistries. Herbicide metabolism was largely restricted to family CYP81A members from clan 71, notably CYP81A9, CYP81A16, and CYP81A2. Quantitative transcriptomics and proteomics showed that CYP81A9/CYP81A16 were dominant enzymes in safener-treated field maize, whereas only CYP81A9 was determined in sweet corn. The relationship between CYP81A sequence and activities were investigated by splicing CYP81A2 and CP81A9 together as a series of recombinant chimeras. CYP81A9 showed wide ranging activities toward the three herbicide chemistries, while CYP81A2 uniquely hydroxylated bentazon in multiple positions. The plasticity in substrate specificity of CYP81A9 toward multiple herbicides resided in the second quartile of its N terminal half. Further phylogenetic analysis of CYP81A9 showed that the maize enzyme was related to other CYP81As linked to agrochemical metabolism in cereals and wild grasses, suggesting this clan 71 CYP has a unique function in determining herbicide selectivity in arable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Brazier-Hicks
- Agriculture,
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
- Syngenta,
Jealott’s Hill, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K.
| | - Sara Franco-Ortega
- Agriculture,
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Philip Watson
- Agriculture,
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | | | - Jonathan Cohn
- Syngenta
Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709-2257, United States
| | - Richard Dale
- Syngenta,
Jealott’s Hill, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K.
| | - Tim R. Hawkes
- Syngenta,
Jealott’s Hill, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K.
| | - Alina Goldberg-Cavalleri
- Agriculture,
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Nawaporn Onkokesung
- Agriculture,
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Robert Edwards
- Agriculture,
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
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7
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Liu H, Jiang L, Wen Z, Yang Y, Singer SD, Bennett D, Xu W, Su Z, Yu Z, Cohn J, Chae H, Que Q, Liu Y, Liu C, Liu Z. Rice RS2-9, which is bound by transcription factor OSH1, blocks enhancer-promoter interactions in plants. Plant J 2022; 109:541-554. [PMID: 34773305 PMCID: PMC9303810 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Insulators characterized in Drosophila and mammals have been shown to play a key role in the restriction of promiscuous enhancer-promoter interactions, as well as reshaping the topological landscape of chromosomes. Yet the role of insulators in plants remains poorly understood, in large part because of a lack of well-characterized insulators and binding factor(s). In this study, we isolated a 1.2-kb RS2-9 insulator from the Oryza sativa (rice) genome that can, when interposed between an enhancer and promoter, efficiently block the activation function of both constitutive and floral organ-specific enhancers in transgenic Arabidopsis and Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco). In the rice genome, the genes flanking RS2-9 exhibit an absence of mutual transcriptional interactions, as well as a lack of histone modification spread. We further determined that O. sativa Homeobox 1 (OSH1) bound two regions of RS2-9, as well as over 50 000 additional sites in the rice genome, the majority of which resided in intergenic regions. Mutation of one of the two OSH1-binding sites in RS2-9 impaired insulation activity by up to 60%, whereas the mutation of both binding sites virtually abolished insulator function. We also demonstrated that OSH1 binding sites were associated with 72% of the boundaries of topologically associated domains (TADs) identified in the rice genome, which is comparable to the 77% of TAD boundaries bound by the insulator CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) in mammals. Taken together, our findings indicate that OSH1-RS2-9 acts as a true insulator in plants, and highlight a potential role for OSH1 in gene insulation and topological organization in plant genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Liu
- USDA‐ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research StationKearneysvilleWest Virginia25430USA
- College of Food Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Li Jiang
- USDA‐ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research StationKearneysvilleWest Virginia25430USA
- College of Food Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Zhifeng Wen
- USDA‐ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research StationKearneysvilleWest Virginia25430USA
- College of HorticultureFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Yingjun Yang
- USDA‐ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research StationKearneysvilleWest Virginia25430USA
- Forestry CollegeHenan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang471023China
| | - Stacy D. Singer
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLethbridge Research and Development CentreLethbridgeAlbertaT1J 4B1Canada
| | - Dennis Bennett
- USDA‐ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research StationKearneysvilleWest Virginia25430USA
| | - Wenying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Zhen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Zhifang Yu
- College of Food Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Jonathan Cohn
- Syngenta Crop ProtectionLLCResearch Triangle ParkNorth Carolina27709USA
| | - Hyunsook Chae
- Syngenta Crop ProtectionLLCResearch Triangle ParkNorth Carolina27709USA
| | - Qiudeng Que
- Syngenta Crop ProtectionLLCResearch Triangle ParkNorth Carolina27709USA
| | - Yue Liu
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao266109China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of EpigeneticsUniversity of HohenheimStuttgart70599Germany
| | - Zongrang Liu
- USDA‐ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research StationKearneysvilleWest Virginia25430USA
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8
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Holmquist L, Dölfors F, Fogelqvist J, Cohn J, Kraft T, Dixelius C. Major latex protein-like encoding genes contribute to Rhizoctonia solani defense responses in sugar beet. Mol Genet Genomics 2020; 296:155-164. [PMID: 33118051 PMCID: PMC7840631 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-020-01735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sugar beets are attacked by several pathogens that cause root damages. Rhizoctonia (Greek for “root killer”) is one of them. Rhizoctonia root rot has become an increasing problem for sugar beet production and to decrease yield losses agronomical measures are adopted. Here, two partially resistant and two susceptible sugar beet genotypes were used for transcriptome analysis to discover new defense genes to this fungal disease, information to be implemented in molecular resistance breeding. Among 217 transcripts with increased expression at 2 days post-infection (dpi), three resistance-like genes were found. These genes were not significantly elevated at 5 dpi, a time point when increased expression of three Bet v I/Major latex protein (MLP) homologous genes BvMLP1, BvMLP2 and BvML3 was observed in the partially resistant genotypes. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis on diseased sugar beet seedlings validated the activity of BvMLP1 and BvMLP3 observed in the transcriptome during challenge by R. solani. The three BvMLP genes were cloned and overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana to further dissect their individual contribution. Transgenic plants were also compared to T-DNA mutants of orthologous MLP genes. Plants overexpressing BvMLP1 and BvMLP3 showed significantly less infection whereas additive effects were seen on Atmlp1/Atmlp3 double mutants. The data suggest that BvMLP1 and BvMLP3 may contribute to the reduction of the Rhizoctonia root rot disease in sugar beet. Impact on the defense reaction from other differential expressed genes observed in the study is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Holmquist
- MariboHilleshög Research AB, Säbyholmsvägen 24, 26191, Landskrona, Sweden.,Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Dölfors
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Fogelqvist
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Cohn
- Syngenta, Crop Protection, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Thomas Kraft
- MariboHilleshög Research AB, Säbyholmsvägen 24, 26191, Landskrona, Sweden
| | - Christina Dixelius
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
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9
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Adetunji O, Mukherjee S, Sacks E, Ciaranello A, Chadambuka A, Mafaune H, McCann N, Cohn J. Human Resource Time Use for Early Infant HIV Diagnosis: A Comparative Time‐Motion Study at Centralized and Point‐of‐Care Health Facilities in Zimbabwe. Health Serv Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O. Adetunji
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation Washington DC United States
| | - S. Mukherjee
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation Washington DC United States
| | - E. Sacks
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation Washington DC United States
| | - A. Ciaranello
- Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA United States
| | - A. Chadambuka
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation Harare Zimbabwe
| | - H. Mafaune
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation Harare Zimbabwe
| | - N. McCann
- Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA United States
| | - J. Cohn
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation Geneva Switzerland
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10
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Brazier-Hicks M, Howell A, Cohn J, Hawkes T, Hall G, Mcindoe E, Edwards R. Chemically induced herbicide tolerance in rice by the safener metcamifen is associated with a phased stress response. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:411-421. [PMID: 31565749 PMCID: PMC6913702 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The closely related sulphonamide safeners, metcamifen and cyprosulfamide, were tested for their ability to protect rice from clodinafop-propargyl, a herbicide normally used in wheat. While demonstrating that both compounds were equally bioavailable in planta, only metcamifen prevented clodinafop from damaging seedlings, and this was associated with the enhanced detoxification of the herbicide. Transcriptome studies in rice cultures demonstrated that whereas cyprosulfamide had a negligible effect on gene expression over a 4 h exposure, metcamifen perturbed the abundance of 590 transcripts. Changes in gene expression with metcamifen could be divided into three phases, corresponding to inductions occurring over 30 min, 1.5 h and 4 h. The first phase of gene induction was dominated by transcription factors and proteins of unknown function, the second by genes involved in herbicide detoxification, while the third was linked to cellular homeostasis. Analysis of the inducible genes suggested that safening elicited similar gene families to those associated with specific biotic and abiotic stresses, notably those elicited by abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and methyl jasmonate. Subsequent experiments with safener biomarker genes induced in phase 1 and 2 in rice cell cultures provided further evidence of similarities in signalling processes elicited by metcamifen and salicylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Brazier-Hicks
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Cohn
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Tim Hawkes
- Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK
| | - Gavin Hall
- Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK
| | | | - Robert Edwards
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Correspondence:
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11
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Sandhu A, Richmond D, Reed B, Cohn J, Crane LR, Veltman J. 1490. Lymphogranuloma Venereum: Correct Diagnosis Makes All the Differences. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018. [PMCID: PMC6252464 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy210.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted infection that is rare in United States. There is no FDA approved test to differentiate Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections caused by LGV serovars making diagnosis challenging. This study characterizes the difficulties of diagnosing LGV during an outbreak in Southeast Michigan. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who met CDC criteria for confirmed and probable LGV at one of the Wayne State University ID Clinics between August 2015 and March 2018. Presenting symptoms, initial diagnoses, diagnostic testing, interval between onset of symptoms and LGV diagnosis, and treatment were reviewed. IRB exemption was obtained. Results Of 39 patients with LGV, eight (20%) were probable cases and 31 (80%) were PCR confirmed at CDC. All patients were men having sex with men (MSM) and 38 were HIV infected. In 22 patients (56%), LGV was considered likely at presentation whereas in 17 (44%) patients LGV was not initially considered. 11 (66%) patients with a delayed diagnosis had 14 unnecessary diagnostic tests ordered, including computed tomography (6), colonoscopy (7) and renogram (1); only 3 (14%) with a correct early diagnosis had such tests (P ≤ 0.001). Fifteen (88%) of those with a delayed diagnosis received inappropriate treatment compared with none of those with an initial LGV diagnosis (P ≤ 0.0001). Correct treatment occurred 43 days after presentation in those with a delayed diagnosis, whereas the early diagnosis patients were treated on the day of presentation (P ≤ 0.0001). All 39 patients eventually received 21 days of doxycycline and experienced resolution of symptoms. Conclusion LGV is rare in the United States, its clinical presentation in MSM is not well known, and proof requires unlicensed tests. More education is needed so that clinicians consider the diagnosis in MSM with a typical syndrome, start treatment promptly and avoid unnecessary tests. ![]()
Disclosures J. Veltman, Jansen: Speaker’s Bureau, Speaker Bureau payment
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Richmond
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Brian Reed
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jonathan Cohn
- Division of Medicine, Wayne State University School, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Lawrence R Crane
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jennifer Veltman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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12
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Nuccio ML, Paul M, Bate NJ, Cohn J, Cutler SR. Where are the drought tolerant crops? An assessment of more than two decades of plant biotechnology effort in crop improvement. Plant Sci 2018; 273:110-119. [PMID: 29907303 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Since the dawn of modern biotechnology public and private enterprise have pursued the development of a new breed of drought tolerant crop products. After more than 20 years of research and investment only a few such products have reached the market. This is due to several technical and market constraints. The technical challenges include the difficulty in defining tractable single-gene trait development strategies, the logistics of moving traits from initial to commercial genetic backgrounds, and the disconnect between conditions in farmer's fields and controlled environments. Market constraints include the significant difficulty, and associated costs, in obtaining access to markets around the world. Advances in the biology of plant water management, including response to water deficit reveal new opportunities to improve crop response to water deficit and new genome-based tools promise to usher in the next era of crop improvement. As biotechnology looks to improve crop productivity under drought conditions, the environmental and food security advantages will influence public perception and shift the debate toward benefits rather than risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Nuccio
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Matthew Paul
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - Nicholas J Bate
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Jonathan Cohn
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Sean R Cutler
- Plant Cell Biology and Chemistry, Botany and Plant Sciences Chemistry Genomics Building, University of California Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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13
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Safavi-Naini A, Lewis-Swan RJ, Bohnet JG, Gärttner M, Gilmore KA, Jordan JE, Cohn J, Freericks JK, Rey AM, Bollinger JJ. Verification of a Many-Ion Simulator of the Dicke Model Through Slow Quenches across a Phase Transition. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:040503. [PMID: 30095931 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We use a self-assembled two-dimensional Coulomb crystal of ∼70 ions in the presence of an external transverse field to engineer a simulator of the Dicke Hamiltonian, an iconic model in quantum optics which features a quantum phase transition between a superradiant (ferromagnetic) and a normal (paramagnetic) phase. We experimentally implement slow quenches across the quantum critical point and benchmark the dynamics and the performance of the simulator through extensive theory-experiment comparisons which show excellent agreement. The implementation of the Dicke model in fully controllable trapped ion arrays can open a path for the generation of highly entangled states useful for enhanced metrology and the observation of scrambling and quantum chaos in a many-body system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Safavi-Naini
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - R J Lewis-Swan
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | | | - M Gärttner
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - J Cohn
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - J K Freericks
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - A M Rey
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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Nuccio ML, Potter L, Stiegelmeyer SM, Curley J, Cohn J, Wittich PE, Tan X, Davis J, Ni J, Trullinger J, Hall R, Bate NJ. Strategies and tools to improve crop productivity by targeting photosynthesis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0377. [PMID: 28808096 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop productivity needs to substantially increase to meet global food and feed demand for a rapidly growing world population. Agricultural technology developers are pursuing a variety of approaches based on both traditional technologies such as genetic improvement, pest control and mechanization as well as new technologies such as genomics, gene manipulation and environmental modelling to develop crops that are capable of meeting growing demand. Photosynthesis is a key biochemical process that, many suggest, is not yet optimized for industrial agriculture or the modern global environment. We are interested in identifying control points in maize photoassimilation that are amenable to gene manipulation to improve overall productivity. Our approach encompasses: developing and using novel gene discovery techniques, translating our discoveries into traits and evaluating each trait in a stepwise manner that reflects a modern production environment. Our aim is to provide step change advancement in overall crop productivity and deliver this new technology into the hands of growers.This article is part of the themed issue 'Enhancing photosynthesis in crop plants: targets for improvement'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Nuccio
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 541-8500, USA
| | - Laura Potter
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 541-8500, USA
| | - Suzy M Stiegelmeyer
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 541-8500, USA
| | - Joseph Curley
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 541-8500, USA
| | - Jonathan Cohn
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 541-8500, USA
| | - Peter E Wittich
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 541-8500, USA
| | - Xiaoping Tan
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 541-8500, USA
| | - Jimena Davis
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 541-8500, USA
| | - Junjian Ni
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 541-8500, USA
| | - Jon Trullinger
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 541-8500, USA
| | - Rick Hall
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 541-8500, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bate
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 541-8500, USA
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Oszvald M, Primavesi LF, Griffiths CA, Cohn J, Basu SS, Nuccio ML, Paul MJ. Trehalose 6-Phosphate Regulates Photosynthesis and Assimilate Partitioning in Reproductive Tissue. Plant Physiol 2018; 176:2623-2638. [PMID: 29437777 PMCID: PMC5884609 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic maize (Zea mays) that expresses rice (Oryza sativa) TREHALOSE PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASE1 (TPP1) from the rice MADS6 promoter, which is active over the flowering period, produces higher yields than wild type. This yield increase occurs with or without drought conditions during flowering. To understand the mechanistic basis of the increased yield, we characterized gene expression and metabolite profiles in leaves and developing female reproductive tissue, comprising florets, node, pith, and shank, over the flowering period with and without drought. The MADS6 promoter was most active in the vasculature, particularly phloem companion cells in florets and pith, consistent with the largest decreases in trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) levels (2- to 3-fold) being found in pith and florets. Low T6P led to decreased gene expression for primary metabolism and increased gene expression for secondary metabolism, particularly lipid-related pathways. Despite similar changes in gene expression, the pith and floret displayed opposing assimilate profiles: sugars, sugar phosphates, amino acids, and lipids increased in florets, but decreased in pith. Possibly explaining this assimilate distribution, seven SWEET genes were found to be up-regulated in the transgenic plants. SnRK1 activity and the expression of the gene for the SnRK1 beta subunit, expression of SnRK1 marker genes, and endogenous trehalose pathway genes were also altered. Furthermore, leaves of the transgenic maize maintained a higher photosynthetic rate for a longer period compared to wild type. In conclusion, we found that decreasing T6P in reproductive tissues down-regulates primary metabolism and up-regulates secondary metabolism, resulting in different metabolite profiles in component tissues. Our data implicate T6P/ SnRK1 as a major regulator of whole-plant resource allocation for crop yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Oszvald
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia F Primavesi
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Cara A Griffiths
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Cohn
- Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, 9 Davis Drive, P.O. Box 12257, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Shib Sankar Basu
- Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, 9 Davis Drive, P.O. Box 12257, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Michael L Nuccio
- Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, 9 Davis Drive, P.O. Box 12257, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
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Hacker E, Cohn J, Golden MR, Heumann C. HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Uptake, Initiation, and Persistence in the Detroit Public Health STD Clinic. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017. [PMCID: PMC5631394 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx163.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention tool; however, little is known about PrEP uptake, initiation, and persistence among patients prescribed PrEP in STD clinics. Methods Between July 2016 and March 2017, STD clinic staff compiled reports detailing the eligibility and initiation of PrEP in the Detroit STD Clinic. Staff called all patients prescribed PrEP to determine whether they had started PrEP, were still on PrEP, and their reasons for never initiating or discontinuing PrEP. We used chi-square tests to evaluate differences in PrEP initiation and discontinuation by age and race, calculated the population’s mean duration on PrEP (persistence), and used proportional hazards regression to assess differences in persistence by age and race. Results A total of 161 STD clinic patients were eligible for PrEP, of whom 71 (44%) were prescribed PrEP. Of the 71 patients prescribed PrEP, staff successfully interviewed 45 (63%) a median of 113 days following their receipt of prescription. Thirty-four (76%) interviewed patients had initiated PrEP, of whom 17 (50%) had subsequently discontinued their medication a mean of 92 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: ± 23.8) following receipt of a prescription. Figure 1 illustrates the PrEP care continuum for our clinic. There was no significant difference in PrEP initiation or discontinuation by age or race. There was no significant difference in persistence by race. Ages 18–24 had the shortest mean persistence (62 days, 95% CI: ±37.5), while those ages 35–44 had the longest mean persistence (146 days, 95% CI: ± 47.3) though this was not a significant difference (hazard ratio 0.39, P = 0.28). The most common reason for not initiating or discontinuing PrEP was concern about side effects (29%). Conclusion Clinicians in the Detroit STD clinic prescribed PrEP for less than half of PrEP-eligible patients, only 76% of those prescribed PrEP ever filled their first prescription, and the mean duration of use among those who filled a first prescription was under 6 months. Our findings highlight the need for further evaluation of why eligible patients are not prescribed PrEP, intensified support services to encourage PrEP persistence, and improved patient counseling about potential side effects. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hacker
- Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
- Detroit Public Health STD Clinic, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jonathan Cohn
- Detroit Public Health STD Clinic, Detroit, Michigan
- Medicine, Wayne State University School, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Matthew R Golden
- Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Public Health – Seattle and King County HIV/STD Program, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christine Heumann
- Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
- Detroit Public Health STD Clinic, Detroit, Michigan
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Callon W, Saha S, Wilson IB, Laws MB, Massa M, Korthuis PT, Sharp V, Cohn J, Moore RD, Beach MC. How does decision complexity affect shared decision making? An analysis of patient-provider antiretroviral initiation dialogue. Patient Educ Couns 2017; 100:919-926. [PMID: 28012679 PMCID: PMC5400677 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study analyzed patient-provider dialogue regarding anti-retroviral therapy (ART) initiation, assessing the degree to which shared decision making (SDM) occurred. METHODS We analyzed 24 audio-recorded dialogues between 14 HIV providers and their patients regarding ART initiation. We coded transcribed dialogues for seven SDM elements. We stratified dialogues into three levels of decision complexity (basic, intermediate, complex) based on patient CD4 counts and evaluated SDM criteria fulfillment at each level of decision complexity. RESULTS There were five basic, twelve intermediate, and seven complex decisions in our sample. While only two met the defined criteria for SDM, the mean number of SDM elements present increased with each level of decision complexity. Discussion of the clinical issue requiring the decision occurred most frequently (88%), while discussion of pros/cons (13%), patient's understanding (21%), and decision alternatives (29%) occurred least frequently. CONCLUSION/PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS While few dialogues met the defined SDM criteria, providers are having conversations that respond to decision complexity. Clinicians should be aware that discussion of pros/cons, alternatives, and uncertainties are frequently skipped, even when these elements are clearly relevant, as in complex decisions. In addition, rhetorical questions to assess patient preferences and understanding are insufficient to fully engage patients in SDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wynne Callon
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Somnath Saha
- Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ira B Wilson
- Department of Health Services, Policy & Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael Barton Laws
- Department of Health Services, Policy & Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michele Massa
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P Todd Korthuis
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Cohn
- Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Richard D Moore
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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20
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de Voux A, Kent JB, Macomber K, Krzanowski K, Jackson D, Starr T, Johnson S, Richmond D, Crane LR, Cohn J, Finch C, McFadden J, Pillay A, Chen C, Anderson L, Kersh EN. Notes from the Field: Cluster of Lymphogranuloma Venereum Cases Among Men Who Have Sex with Men - Michigan, August 2015-April 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65:920-1. [PMID: 27583686 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6534a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by infection with invasive Chlamydia trachomatis serovars L1-L3 (1). LGV is characterized by inguinal and/or femoral lymphadenopathy, typically following a transient, self-limited genital ulcer or papule that might go unnoticed. Rectal infection can result in proctocolitis that can present with mucoid and/or hemorrhagic rectal discharge, anal pain, constipation, fever, and tenesmus, and signs of granulomas and/or ulcerations on anoscopy (1,2). LGV can be an invasive, systemic infection, and if it is not treated early, LGV proctocolitis can lead to chronic colorectal fistulas and strictures (2). In Europe, outbreaks of LGV have been reported among men who have sex with men (MSM), often in association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection (3-5). The prevalence of LGV in the United States is unknown (1), because diagnostic tests to differentiate LGV from non-LGV Chlamydia trachomatis are not widely available (6), and providers might not know that they should report cases that are presumptively treated.
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Parker H, O'Connor H, Cohn J, Garg M, Caterson I, George J, Johnson N. Effect of combined fish oil plus coenzyme Q 10 supplementation on Omega-3 Index and cardiovascular risk markers in overweight men. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2015.12.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Davis SJ, Scott LL, Ordemann G, Philpo A, Cohn J, Pierce-Shimomura JT. Putative calcium-binding domains of the Caenorhabditis elegans BK channel are dispensable for intoxication and ethanol activation. Genes Brain Behav 2016; 14:454-65. [PMID: 26113050 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol modulates the highly conserved, voltage- and calcium-activated potassium (BK) channel, which contributes to alcohol-mediated behaviors in species from worms to humans. Previous studies have shown that the calcium-sensitive domains, RCK1 and the Ca(2+) bowl, are required for ethanol activation of the mammalian BK channel in vitro. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, ethanol activates the BK channel in vivo, and deletion of the worm BK channel, SLO-1, confers strong resistance to intoxication. To determine if the conserved RCK1 and calcium bowl domains were also critical for intoxication and basal BK channel-dependent behaviors in C. elegans, we generated transgenic worms that express mutated SLO-1 channels predicted to have the RCK1, Ca(2+) bowl or both domains rendered insensitive to calcium. As expected, mutating these domains inhibited basal function of SLO-1 in vivo as neck and body curvature of these mutants mimicked that of the BK null mutant. Unexpectedly, however, mutating these domains singly or together in SLO-1 had no effect on intoxication in C. elegans. Consistent with these behavioral results, we found that ethanol activated the SLO-1 channel in vitro with or without these domains. By contrast, in agreement with previous in vitro findings, C. elegans harboring a human BK channel with mutated calcium-sensing domains displayed resistance to intoxication. Thus, for the worm SLO-1 channel, the putative calcium-sensitive domains are critical for basal in vivo function but unnecessary for in vivo ethanol action.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Davis
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, Center for Brain, Behavior and Evolution, and Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - L L Scott
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, Center for Brain, Behavior and Evolution, and Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - G Ordemann
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, Center for Brain, Behavior and Evolution, and Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - A Philpo
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, Center for Brain, Behavior and Evolution, and Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - J Cohn
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, Center for Brain, Behavior and Evolution, and Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - J T Pierce-Shimomura
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, Center for Brain, Behavior and Evolution, and Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Flickinger TE, Saha S, Roter D, Korthuis PT, Sharp V, Cohn J, Moore RD, Ingersoll KS, Beach MC. Respecting patients is associated with more patient-centered communication behaviors in clinical encounters. Patient Educ Couns 2016; 99:250-5. [PMID: 26320821 PMCID: PMC5271348 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attitudes towards patients may influence how clinicians interact. We investigated whether respect for patients was associated with communication behaviors during HIV care encounters. METHODS We analyzed audio-recordings of visits between 413 adult HIV-infected patients and 45 primary HIV care providers. The independent variable was clinician-reported respect for the patient and outcomes were clinician and patient communication behaviors assessed by the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS). We performed negative binomial regressions for counts outcomes and linear regressions for global outcomes. RESULTS When clinicians had higher respect for a patient, they engaged in more rapport-building, social chitchat, and positive talk. Patients of clinicians with higher respect for them engaged in more rapport-building, social chitchat, positive talk, and gave more psychosocial information. Encounters between patients and clinicians with higher respect for them had more positive clinician emotional tone [regression coefficient 2.97 (1.92-4.59)], more positive patient emotional tone [2.71 (1.75-4.21)], less clinician verbal dominance [0.81 (0.68-0.96)] and more patient-centeredness [1.28 (1.09-1.51)]. CONCLUSIONS Respect is associated with positive and patient-centered communication behaviors during encounters. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Clinicians should be mindful of their respectful attitudes and work to foster positive regard for patients. Educators should consider methods to enhance trainees' respect in communication skills training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabor E Flickinger
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Somnath Saha
- Department of Medicine, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Debra Roter
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P Todd Korthuis
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Victoria Sharp
- Department of Medicine, St. Luke's Roosevelt, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Cohn
- Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Richard D Moore
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen S Ingersoll
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Flickinger TE, Saha S, Roter D, Korthuis PT, Sharp V, Cohn J, Eggly S, Moore RD, Beach MC. Clinician empathy is associated with differences in patient-clinician communication behaviors and higher medication self-efficacy in HIV care. Patient Educ Couns 2016; 99:220-6. [PMID: 26395313 PMCID: PMC5610904 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined associations of clinicians' empathy with patient-clinician communication behaviors, patients' rating of care, and medication self-efficacy. METHODS We analyzed 435 adult patients and 45 clinicians at four outpatient HIV care sites in the United States. Negative binomial regressions investigated associations between clinician empathy and patient-clinician communication, assessed using the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS). Logistic regressions investigated associations between clinician empathy and patient ratings of clinician communication, overall satisfaction, and medication self-efficacy. RESULTS Clinicians in the highest vs. lowest empathy tertile engaged in less explicitly emotional talk (IRR 0.79, p<0.05), while clinicians in the middle vs. lowest engaged in more positive talk (IRR 1.31, p<0.05), more questions (IRR 1.42, p<0.05), and more patient activating talk (IRR 1.43, p<0.05). Patients of higher empathy clinicians disclosed more psychosocial and biomedical information. Patients of clinicians in both the middle and highest (vs. lowest) empathy tertiles had greater odds of reporting highest medication self-efficacy (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.16-2.80; OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.37-3.32). CONCLUSIONS Clinician empathy may be expressed through addressing patient engagement in care, by fostering cognitive, rather than primarily emotional, processing. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Clinicians should consider enhancing their own empathic capacity, which may encourage patients' self-efficacy in medication adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Somnath Saha
- Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Debra Roter
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Beron C, Vidal-Gadea AG, Cohn J, Parikh A, Hwang G, Pierce-Shimomura JT. The burrowing behavior of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans: a new assay for the study of neuromuscular disorders. Genes Brain Behav 2016; 14:357-68. [PMID: 25868909 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been a powerful model system for the study of key muscle genes relevant to human neuromuscular function and disorders. The behavioral robustness of C. elegans, however, has hindered its use in the study of certain neuromuscular disorders because many worm models of human disease show only subtle phenotypes while crawling. By contrast, in their natural habitat, C. elegans likely spends much of the time burrowing through the soil matrix. We developed a burrowing assay to challenge motor output by placing worms in agar-filled pipettes of increasing densities. We find that burrowing involves distinct kinematics and turning strategies from crawling that vary with the properties of the substrate. We show that mutants mimicking Duchenne muscular dystrophy by lacking a functional ortholog of the dystrophin protein, DYS-1, crawl normally but are severely impaired in burrowing. Muscular degeneration in the dys-1 mutant is hastened and exacerbated by burrowing, while wild type shows no such damage. To test whether neuromuscular integrity might be compensated genetically in the dys-1 mutant, we performed a genetic screen and isolated several suppressor mutants with proficient burrowing in a dys-1 mutant background. Further study of burrowing in C. elegans will enhance the study of diseases affecting neuromuscular integrity, and will provide insights into the natural behavior of this and other nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Beron
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain, Behavior & Evolution; Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Cohn J, Moaveni D, Sznol J, Ranasinghe J. Complications of 761 short-term intrathecal macrocatheters in obstetric patients: a retrospective review of cases over a 12-year period. Int J Obstet Anesth 2015; 25:30-6. [PMID: 26421698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A continuous spinal catheter is a reliable alternative to standard neuraxial techniques in obstetric anesthesia. Despite the potential advantages of intrathecal catheters, they remain underutilized due to fear of infection, nerve damage or post-dural puncture headache. In our tertiary care center, intrathecal catheters are either placed intentionally in high-risk obstetric patients or following inadvertent dural puncture using a 19-gauge macrocatheter passed through a 17-gauge epidural needle. METHODS A retrospective review of 761 intrathecal catheters placed from 2001 to 2012 was conducted. An institutional obstetric anesthesia database was used to identify patients with intrathecal catheters. Medical records were reviewed for procedural details and complications. RESULTS There were no serious complications, including meningitis, epidural or spinal abscess, hematoma, arachnoiditis, or cauda equina syndrome, associated with intrathecal catheters. The failure rates were 2.8% (3/108) for intentional placements and 6.1% (40/653) for placements following accidental dural puncture. The incidence of post-dural puncture headache was 41% (312/761) and the epidural blood patch rate was 31% (97/312). CONCLUSIONS This review demonstrates that intrathecal catheters are dependable and an option for labor analgesia and surgical anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Serious long-lasting complications are rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cohn
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - D Moaveni
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J Sznol
- University of Miami Public Health Sciences, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J Ranasinghe
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
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Beach MC, Roter DL, Saha S, Korthuis PT, Eggly S, Cohn J, Sharp V, Moore RD, Wilson IB. Impact of a brief patient and provider intervention to improve the quality of communication about medication adherence among HIV patients. Patient Educ Couns 2015; 98:1078-83. [PMID: 26021185 PMCID: PMC4546873 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medication adherence is essential in HIV care, yet provider communication about adherence is often suboptimal. We designed this study to improve patient-provider communication about HIV medication adherence. METHODS We randomized 26 providers at three HIV care sites to receive or not receive a one-hour communication skills training based on motivational interviewing principles applied to medication adherence. Prior to routine office visits, non-adherent patients of providers who received the training were coached to discuss adherence with their providers. Patients of providers who did not receive the training providers were not coached. We audio-recorded and coded patient-provider interactions using the roter interaction analysis system (RIAS). RESULTS There was more dialogue about therapeutic regimen in visits with intervention patients and providers (167 vs 128, respectively, p=.004), with the majority of statements coming from providers. These visits also included more brainstorming solutions to nonadherence (41% vs. 22%, p=0.026). Intervention compared with control visit providers engaged in more positive talk (44 vs. 38 statements, p=0.039), emotional talk (26 vs. 18 statements, p<0.001), and probing of patient opinion (3 vs. 2 statements, p=0.009). CONCLUSION A brief provider training combined with patient coaching sessions, improved provider communication behaviors and increased dialogue regarding medication adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Catherine Beach
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, USA.
| | - Debra L Roter
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Somnath Saha
- Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, USA; Department of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, USA
| | - P Todd Korthuis
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, USA
| | - Susan Eggly
- Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Jonathan Cohn
- Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | | | - Richard D Moore
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ira B Wilson
- Department of Health Services, Policy & Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, USA
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Moaveni D, Cohn J, Brodt J, Hoctor K, Ranasinghe J. Scleroderma and pulmonary hypertension complicating two pregnancies: use of neuraxial anesthesia, general anesthesia, epoprostenol and a multidisciplinary approach for cesarean delivery. Int J Obstet Anesth 2015; 24:375-82. [PMID: 26119257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Literature regarding the anesthetic care of patients with scleroderma during labor and delivery is limited to remote case reports. No recent publications provide information on the anesthetic management of patients with coexisting pulmonary hypertension. This report describes the anesthetic and multidisciplinary management of two pregnant patients with concomitant scleroderma and pulmonary hypertension undergoing cesarean delivery; one with neuraxial anesthesia and one with general anesthesia. Considerations for neuraxial and general anesthesia in patients with concurrent scleroderma and pulmonary hypertension are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Moaveni
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - J Cohn
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J Brodt
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - K Hoctor
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J Ranasinghe
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
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Hughes HK, Korthuis PT, Saha S, Eggly S, Sharp V, Cohn J, Moore R, Beach MC. A mixed methods study of patient-provider communication about opioid analgesics. Patient Educ Couns 2015; 98:453-461. [PMID: 25601279 PMCID: PMC4417607 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe patient-provider communication about opioid pain medicine and explore how these discussions affect provider attitudes toward patients. METHODS We audio-recorded 45 HIV providers and 423 patients in routine outpatient encounters at four sites across the country. Providers completed post-visit questionnaires assessing their attitudes toward patients. We identified discussions about opioid pain management and analyzed them qualitatively. We used logistic regression to assess the association between opioid discussion and providers' attitudes toward patients. RESULTS 48 encounters (11% of the total sample) contained substantive discussion of opioid-related pain management. Most conversations were initiated by patients (n=28, 58%) and ended by the providers (n=36, 75%). Twelve encounters (25%) contained dialog suggesting a difference of opinion or conflict. Providers more often agreed than disagreed to give the prescription (50% vs. 23%), sometimes reluctantly; in 27% (n=13) of encounters, no decision was made. Fewer than half of providers (n=20, 42%) acknowledged the patient's experience of pain. Providers had a lower odds of positive regard for the patient (adjusted OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.27-0.95) when opioids were discussed. CONCLUSIONS Pain management discussions are common in routine outpatient HIV encounters and providers may regard patients less favorably if opioids are discussed during visits. The sometimes-adversarial nature of these discussions may negatively affect provider attitudes toward patients. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Empathy and pain acknowledgment are tools that clinicians can use to facilitate productive discussions of pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Somnath Saha
- Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, USA; Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, USA
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Cohn J. Obamacare, Medicare, and baseball's greatest pitchers. Yale J Health Policy Law Ethics 2015; 15:21-26. [PMID: 25876370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Coneva V, Simopoulos C, Casaretto JA, El-Kereamy A, Guevara DR, Cohn J, Zhu T, Guo L, Alexander DC, Bi YM, McNicholas PD, Rothstein SJ. Metabolic and co-expression network-based analyses associated with nitrate response in rice. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1056. [PMID: 25471115 PMCID: PMC4301927 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding gene expression and metabolic re-programming that occur in response to limiting nitrogen (N) conditions in crop plants is crucial for the ongoing progress towards the development of varieties with improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). To unravel new details on the molecular and metabolic responses to N availability in a major food crop, we conducted analyses on a weighted gene co-expression network and metabolic profile data obtained from leaves and roots of rice plants adapted to sufficient and limiting N as well as after shifting them to limiting (reduction) and sufficient (induction) N conditions. RESULTS A gene co-expression network representing clusters of rice genes with similar expression patterns across four nitrogen conditions and two tissue types was generated. The resulting 18 clusters were analyzed for enrichment of significant gene ontology (GO) terms. Four clusters exhibited significant correlation with limiting and reducing nitrate treatments. Among the identified enriched GO terms, those related to nucleoside/nucleotide, purine and ATP binding, defense response, sugar/carbohydrate binding, protein kinase activities, cell-death and cell wall enzymatic activity are enriched. Although a subset of functional categories are more broadly associated with the response of rice organs to limiting N and N reduction, our analyses suggest that N reduction elicits a response distinguishable from that to adaptation to limiting N, particularly in leaves. This observation is further supported by metabolic profiling which shows that several compounds in leaves change proportionally to the nitrate level (i.e. higher in sufficient N vs. limiting N) and respond with even higher levels when the nitrate level is reduced. Notably, these compounds are directly involved in N assimilation, transport, and storage (glutamine, asparagine, glutamate and allantoin) and extend to most amino acids. Based on these data, we hypothesize that plants respond by rapidly mobilizing stored vacuolar nitrate when N deficit is perceived, and that the response likely involves phosphorylation signal cascades and transcriptional regulation. CONCLUSIONS The co-expression network analysis and metabolic profiling performed in rice pinpoint the relevance of signal transduction components and regulation of N mobilization in response to limiting N conditions and deepen our understanding of N responses and N use in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Steven J Rothstein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Laws MB, Lee Y, Rogers WH, Beach MC, Saha S, Korthuis PT, Sharp V, Cohn J, Moore R, Wilson IB. Provider-patient communication about adherence to anti-retroviral regimens differs by patient race and ethnicity. AIDS Behav 2014; 18:1279-87. [PMID: 24464408 PMCID: PMC4047172 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-014-0697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Disparities in HIV care and outcomes negatively affect Black and Hispanic patients. Features of clinical communication may be a factor. This study is based on coding transcripts of 404 routine outpatient visits by people with HIV at four sites, using a validated system. In models adjusting for site and patient characteristics, with provider as a random effect, providers were more "verbally dominant" with Black patients than with others. There was more discussion about ARV adherence with both Black and Hispanic patients, but no more discussion about strategies to improve adherence. Providers made more directive utterances discussing ARV treatment with Hispanic patients. Possible interpretations of these findings are that providers are less confident in Black and Hispanic patients to be adherent; that they place too much confidence in their White, non-Hispanic patients; or that patients differentially want such discussion. The lack of specific problem solving and high provider directiveness suggests areas for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barton Laws
- Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University, G-S121-7, Providence, RI, 02912, USA,
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Chan V, Blazey W, Tegay D, Harper B, Koehler S, Laurent B, Lipka S, Cohn J, Jung MK, Krishnamachari B. Impact of academic affiliation and training on knowledge of hereditary colorectal cancer. Public Health Genomics 2014; 17:76-83. [PMID: 24458016 DOI: 10.1159/000356938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) can aid cancer screening and prevention in high-risk patients. Genetic testing, once conducted primarily at academic centers, is now routinely performed in a variety of clinics. Nonacademic physicians may not be aware of hereditary CRC standards of care. METHODS From August to November 2012, a survey was administered to predominantly primary care physicians evaluating academic center affiliation, past training in genetics and knowledge regarding hereditary CRC. RESULTS One hundred forty physicians completed the survey. Knowledge of hereditary CRC was neither associated with academic affiliation nor with training during medical school or residency, but with continuing medical education (CME) training. Those with CME training were more likely to know that screening could be enhanced for patients with a hereditary cancer risk (OR = 4.49, 95% CI = 1.40-14.38) and that an individual with hereditary CRC would have different screening recommendations (OR = 7.49, 95% CI = 1.37-40.81). Residency training and CME training were associated with more frequent hereditary risk assessment. CONCLUSION Genetics training may be associated with physicians' knowledge and assessment of hereditary CRC. Training at the CME level in particular may be integral to the delivery of genetic services in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Chan
- Department of Medicine, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, N.Y., USA
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Keating S, Machan E, O’Conner H, Gerofi J, Sainsbury A, Cohn J, Caterson I, Johnson N. Endurance exercise but not high-intensity interval training improves abdominal fat distribution in overweight adults. J Sci Med Sport 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Humbert S, Subedi S, Cohn J, Zeng B, Bi YM, Chen X, Zhu T, McNicholas PD, Rothstein SJ. Genome-wide expression profiling of maize in response to individual and combined water and nitrogen stresses. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:3. [PMID: 23324127 PMCID: PMC3571967 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water and nitrogen are two of the most critical inputs required to achieve the high yield potential of modern corn varieties. Under most agricultural settings however they are often scarce and costly. Fortunately, tremendous progress has been made in the past decades in terms of modeling to assist growers in the decision making process and many tools are now available to achieve more sustainable practices both environmentally and economically. Nevertheless large gaps remain between our empirical knowledge of the physiological changes observed in the field in response to nitrogen and water stresses, and our limited understanding of the molecular processes leading to those changes. RESULTS This work examines in particular the impact of simultaneous stresses on the transcriptome. In a greenhouse setting, corn plants were grown under tightly controlled nitrogen and water conditions, allowing sampling of various tissues and stress combinations. A microarray profiling experiment was performed using this material and showed that the concomitant presence of nitrogen and water limitation affects gene expression to an extent much larger than anticipated. A clustering analysis also revealed how the interaction between the two stresses shapes the patterns of gene expression over various levels of water stresses and recovery. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study suggests that the molecular signature of a specific combination of stresses on the transcriptome might be as unique as the impact of individual stresses, and hence underlines the difficulty to extrapolate conclusions obtained from the study of individual stress responses to more complex settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Humbert
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 1K4, Canada
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Cohn J, Song Y, Dunkin D, Wang J, Ceballos C, Hoffstadter-Thal K, Ross J, Benkov K, Li X. Comparison of Serum Cytokine, Chemokine, and Growth Factor Profiles in Crohn's Disease and Food Allergy in Children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- D Maher
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda.
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Samal L, Saha S, Chander G, Korthuis PT, Sharma RK, Sharp V, Cohn J, Moore RD, Beach MC. Internet health information seeking behavior and antiretroviral adherence in persons living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2011; 25:445-9. [PMID: 21682586 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2011.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract While the Internet has the potential to educate persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), websites may contain inaccurate information and increase the risk of nonadherence with antiretroviral therapy (ART). The objectives of our study were to determine the extent to which PLWHA engage in Internet health information seeking behavior (IHISB) and to determine whether IHISB is associated with ART adherence. We conducted a survey of adult, English-speaking HIV-infected patients at four HIV outpatient clinic sites in the United States (Baltimore, Maryland; Detroit, Michigan; New York, and Portland, Oregon) between December 2004 and January 2006. We assessed IHISB by asking participants how much information they had received from the Internet since acquiring HIV. The main outcome was patient-reported ART adherence over the past three days. Data were available on IHISB for 433 patients, 334 of whom were on ART therapy. Patients had a mean age of 45 (standard error [SE] 0.45) years and were mostly male (66%), African American (58%), and had attained a high school degree (73%). Most (55%) reported no IHISB, 18% reported some, and 27% reported "a fair amount" or "a great deal." Patients who reported higher versus lower levels of IHISB were significantly younger, had achieved a higher level of education, and had higher medication self-efficacy. In unadjusted analyses, higher IHISB was associated with ART adherence (odds ratio [OR], 2.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27-6.94). This association persisted after adjustment for age, gender, race, education, clinic site, and medication self-efficacy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.76, 95% CI 1.11-6.87). Our findings indicate that IHISB is positively associated with ART adherence even after controlling for potentially confounding variables. Future studies should investigate the ways in which Internet health information may promote medication adherence among PLWHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipika Samal
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Somnath Saha
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
- Division of General Internal Medicine & Geriatrics, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Geetanjali Chander
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - P. Todd Korthuis
- Departments of Medicine and Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Rashmi K. Sharma
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago Illinois
| | - Victoria Sharp
- HIV Center for Comprehensive Care, Saint Lukes-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan Cohn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Richard D. Moore
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary Catherine Beach
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Cohn J. Just a little scratch? West J Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.b3393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Cohn J, Tandy S, Wat E, Kamili A, Chung R, Rowney M, Brown A. Abstract: 601 DIETARY MILK PHOSPHOLIPID AS A CARDIOVASCULAR NUTRACEUTICAL. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)70350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cohn J. Abstract: 550 PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE METABOLISM IN THE FED STATE – CLINICAL AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)71582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cohn J, Bolton A. Optimising virtual training systems. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/14639220802151237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Key Words
- Adolescents
- Adolescents, Male
- Age Factors
- Biology
- Blood Coagulation Effects
- Clinical Research
- Contraception
- Contraceptive Agents, Estrogen--administraction and dosage
- Contraceptive Agents, Estrogen--side effects
- Contraceptive Agents, Estrogen--therapeutic use
- Contraceptive Agents, Female--administraction and dosage
- Contraceptive Agents, Female--side effects
- Contraceptive Agents, Female--therapeutic use
- Contraceptive Agents, Progestin--administraction and dosage
- Contraceptive Agents, Progestin--side effects
- Contraceptive Agents, Progestin--therapeutic use
- Contraceptive Agents--administraction and dosage
- Contraceptive Agents--side effects
- Contraceptive Agents--therapeutic use
- Contraceptive Methods--administraction and dosage
- Contraceptive Methods--side effects
- Contraceptive Methods--therapeutic use
- Demographic Factors
- Family Planning
- Hematological Effects
- Hemic System
- Lynestrenol--administraction and dosage
- Lynestrenol--side effects
- Lynestrenol--therapeutic use
- Mestranol--administraction and dosage
- Mestranol--side effects
- Mestranol--therapeutic use
- Oral Contraceptives, Combined
- Oral Contraceptives--administraction and dosage
- Oral Contraceptives--side effects
- Oral Contraceptives--therapeutic use
- Physiology
- Population
- Population Characteristics
- Research Methodology
- Youth
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