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Wang SW, Zheng QY, Hong WF, Tang BF, Hsu SJ, Zhang Y, Zheng XB, Zeng ZC, Gao C, Ke AW, Du SS. Mechanism of immune activation mediated by genomic instability and its implication in radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Radiother Oncol 2024; 199:110424. [PMID: 38997092 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Various genetic and epigenetic changes associated with genomic instability (GI), including DNA damage repair defects, chromosomal instability, and mitochondrial GI, contribute to development and progression of cancer. These alterations not only result in DNA leakage into the cytoplasm, either directly or through micronuclei, but also trigger downstream inflammatory signals, such as the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway. Apart from directly inducing DNA damage to eliminate cancer cells, radiotherapy (RT) exerts its antitumor effects through intracellular DNA damage sensing mechanisms, leading to the activation of downstream inflammatory signaling pathways. This not only enables local tumor control but also reshapes the immune microenvironment, triggering systemic immune responses. The combination of RT and immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach to increase the probability of abscopal effects, where distant tumors respond to treatment due to the systemic immunomodulatory effects. This review emphasizes the importance of GI in cancer biology and elucidates the mechanisms by which RT induces GI remodeling of the immune microenvironment. By elucidating the mechanisms of GI and RT-induced immune responses, we aim to emphasize the crucial importance of this approach in modern oncology. Understanding the impact of GI on tumor biological behavior and therapeutic response, as well as the possibility of activating systemic anti-tumor immunity through RT, will pave the way for the development of new treatment strategies and improve prognosis for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Wei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qiu-Yi Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wei-Feng Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Bu-Fu Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shu-Jung Hsu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhao-Chong Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Ai-Wu Ke
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Shi-Suo Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Badja C, Momen S, Koh GCC, Boushaki S, Roumeliotis TI, Kozik Z, Jones I, Bousgouni V, Dias JML, Krokidis MG, Young J, Chen H, Yang M, Docquier F, Memari Y, Valcarcel-Zimenez L, Gupta K, Kong LR, Fawcett H, Robert F, Zhao S, Degasperi A, Kumar Y, Davies H, Harris R, Frezza C, Chatgilialoglu C, Sarkany R, Lehmann A, Bakal C, Choudhary J, Fassihi H, Nik-Zainal S. Insights from multi-omic modeling of neurodegeneration in xeroderma pigmentosum using an induced pluripotent stem cell system. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114243. [PMID: 38805398 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is caused by defective nucleotide excision repair of DNA damage. This results in hypersensitivity to ultraviolet light and increased skin cancer risk, as sunlight-induced photoproducts remain unrepaired. However, many XP patients also display early-onset neurodegeneration, which leads to premature death. The mechanism of neurodegeneration is unknown. Here, we investigate XP neurodegeneration using pluripotent stem cells derived from XP patients and healthy relatives, performing functional multi-omics on samples during neuronal differentiation. We show substantially increased levels of 5',8-cyclopurine and 8-oxopurine in XP neuronal DNA secondary to marked oxidative stress. Furthermore, we find that the endoplasmic reticulum stress response is upregulated and reversal of the mutant genotype is associated with phenotypic rescue. Critically, XP neurons exhibit inappropriate downregulation of the protein clearance ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Chemical enhancement of UPS activity in XP neuronal models improves phenotypes, albeit inadequately. Although more work is required, this study presents insights with intervention potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherif Badja
- Department of Medical Genetics, Box 238, Level 6, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Box 197, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK.
| | - Sophie Momen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Box 238, Level 6, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Box 197, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Gene Ching Chiek Koh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Box 238, Level 6, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Box 197, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Soraya Boushaki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Box 238, Level 6, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Box 197, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Theodoros I Roumeliotis
- Functional Proteomics Group, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Betty Labs, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Zuza Kozik
- Functional Proteomics Group, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Betty Labs, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ian Jones
- Dynamical Cell Systems Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Vicky Bousgouni
- Dynamical Cell Systems Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - João M L Dias
- Department of Medical Genetics, Box 238, Level 6, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Box 197, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Marios G Krokidis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi Attikis, 15310 Athens, Greece; Bioinformatics and Human Electrophysiology Laboratory, Department of Informatics, Ionian University, 49100 Corfu, Greece
| | - Jamie Young
- Department of Medical Genetics, Box 238, Level 6, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Box 197, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, UK; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; CECAD Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - France Docquier
- Department of Medical Genetics, Box 238, Level 6, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Yasin Memari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Box 238, Level 6, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Box 197, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Lorea Valcarcel-Zimenez
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; CECAD Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Komal Gupta
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Li Ren Kong
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; NUS Centre for Cancer Research, N2CR, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Heather Fawcett
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Florian Robert
- Department of Medical Genetics, Box 238, Level 6, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Box 197, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Salome Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Box 238, Level 6, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Box 197, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Andrea Degasperi
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Box 197, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Box 197, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Helen Davies
- Department of Medical Genetics, Box 238, Level 6, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Box 197, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Rebecca Harris
- Department of Medical Genetics, Box 238, Level 6, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christian Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; CECAD Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Robert Sarkany
- National Xeroderma Pigmentosum Service, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Alan Lehmann
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Chris Bakal
- Dynamical Cell Systems Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Jyoti Choudhary
- Functional Proteomics Group, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Betty Labs, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Hiva Fassihi
- National Xeroderma Pigmentosum Service, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Serena Nik-Zainal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Box 238, Level 6, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Box 197, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK.
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3
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Bouji N, Meadows E, Hollander JM, Velayutham M, Stewart E, Herriott J, Dietz MJ. A pilot study of mitochondrial response to an in vivo prosthetic joint Staphylococcus aureus infection model. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:539-546. [PMID: 37794704 PMCID: PMC10959235 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are associated with orthopaedic morbidity and mortality. Mitochondria, the "cell's powerhouses," are thought to play crucial roles in infection response and in increased risk of sepsis mortality. No current research discusses PJI's effect on mitochondrial function and a lack of understanding of immune-infection interactions potentially hinders patient care. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the impact of simulated PJI on local tissue mitochondrial function. Using an established prosthetic implant-associated in vivo model, tissues were harvested from the surgical limb of a methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus implant-associated infection group (n = 6) and compared to a noninfected group (n = 6) at postoperative day (POD) 21. Using mitochondrial coupling assays, oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate were assessed in each group. Electron flow through mitochondrial complexes reflected group activity. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectrometry measured the oxidizing potential of serum samples from infected versus noninfected groups. On POD21, colony-forming units per gram of tissue showed 5 × 109 in the infected group and 101 in the noninfected group (p < 0.0001). Maximal respiration and oxygen consumption due to adenosine triphosphate synthesis were significantly lower in isolated mitochondria from infected limbs (p = 0.04). Both groups had similar complex I, III, IV, and V activity (p > 0.1). Infected group EPR signal intensity reflecting reactive oxygen species levels was 1.31 ± 0.30 compared to 1.16 ± 0.28 (p = 0.73) in the noninfected group. This study highlights PJI's role in mammalian cell mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative tissue damage, which can help develop interventions to combat PJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Bouji
- Department of Orthopaedics, Health Sciences Center-WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ethan Meadows
- Department of Human Performance-Exercise Physiology, Health Sciences Center-WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - John M Hollander
- Department of Human Performance-Exercise Physiology, Health Sciences Center-WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Murugesan Velayutham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Center-WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Elizabeth Stewart
- Department of Orthopaedics, Health Sciences Center-WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jacob Herriott
- Department of Orthopaedics, Health Sciences Center-WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Matthew J Dietz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Health Sciences Center-WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Saha T, Bhowmick B, Sengupta D, Banerjee S, Mitra R, Sarkar A, Chaudhuri T, Bhattacharjee G, Nath S, Roychoudhury S, Sengupta M. No association of the common Asian mitochondrial DNA haplogroups with lung cancer in East Indian population. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 34:663-668. [PMID: 35338796 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been associated with the pathogenesis of lung cancer (LC). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups have been reported to modify the risk of LC in a few different populations; however, no study has been done among the Indians. Here, we explore the relationship between mtDNA haplogroups and LC in a representative eastern Indian sample set. METHODS Different combinations of six mtDNA SNPs, which define the major Asian mtDNA haplogroups M and N, and their sub-haplogroups D, G, M7, R, and F were genotyped via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) - sequencing approach in 94 smoker LC patients and 100 healthy smoker controls from an eastern Indian cohort. RESULTS The distribution of 7 mtDNA haplogroups did not show any significant differences between patients and controls (p<0.05). We did not find sub-haplogroup M7 in our study population. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to indicate that the major Asian mtDNA haplogroups have no significant (p<0.05) association with LC in East Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Saha
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bismoy Bhowmick
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debmalya Sengupta
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Souradeep Banerjee
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ritabrata Mitra
- Department of Pulmonary medicine (Chest), IPGMER, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- Department of Radiotherapy, SGCCRI, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Somsubhra Nath
- Molecular Biology and Basic Research Division, SGCCRI, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Mainak Sengupta
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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5
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Wang SF, Tseng LM, Lee HC. Role of mitochondrial alterations in human cancer progression and cancer immunity. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:61. [PMID: 37525297 PMCID: PMC10392014 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00956-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulating cellular metabolism is one of the emerging cancer hallmarks. Mitochondria are essential organelles responsible for numerous physiologic processes, such as energy production, cellular metabolism, apoptosis, and calcium and redox homeostasis. Although the "Warburg effect," in which cancer cells prefer aerobic glycolysis even under normal oxygen circumstances, was proposed a century ago, how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to cancer progression is still unclear. This review discusses recent progress in the alterations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mitochondrial dynamics in cancer malignant progression. Moreover, we integrate the possible regulatory mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated mitochondrial retrograde signaling pathways, including mitochondrion-derived molecules (reactive oxygen species, calcium, oncometabolites, and mtDNA) and mitochondrial stress response pathways (mitochondrial unfolded protein response and integrated stress response) in cancer progression and provide the possible therapeutic targets. Furthermore, we discuss recent findings on the role of mitochondria in the immune regulatory function of immune cells and reveal the impact of the tumor microenvironment and metabolism remodeling on cancer immunity. Targeting the mitochondria and metabolism might improve cancer immunotherapy. These findings suggest that targeting mitochondrial retrograde signaling in cancer malignancy and modulating metabolism and mitochondria in cancer immunity might be promising treatment strategies for cancer patients and provide precise and personalized medicine against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou Dist., Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist., Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Beitou Dist., Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou Dist., Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Beitou Dist., Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chen Lee
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Beitou Dist., Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Beitou Dist., Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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Lafranconi M, Anderson J, Budinsky R, Corey L, Forsberg N, Klapacz J, LeBaron MJ. An integrated assessment of the 1,4-dioxane cancer mode of action and threshold response in rodents. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023:105428. [PMID: 37277058 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane is an environmental contaminant that has been shown to cause cancer in rodents after chronic high dose exposures. We reviewed and integrated information from recently published studies to update our understanding of the cancer mode of action of 1,4-dioxane. Tumor development in rodents from exposure to high doses of 1,4-dioxane is preceded by pre-neoplastic events including increased hepatic genomic signaling activity related to mitogenesis, elevation of Cyp2E1 activity and oxidative stress leading to genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. These events are followed by regenerative repair and proliferation and eventual development of tumors. Importantly, these events occur at doses that exceed the metabolic clearance of absorbed 1,4-dioxane in rats and mice resulting in elevated systemic levels of parent 1,4-dioxane. Consistent with previous reviews, we found no evidence of direct mutagenicity from exposure to 1,4-dioxane. We also found no evidence of CAR/PXR, AhR or PPARα activation resulting from exposure to 1,4-dioxane. This integrated assessment supports a cancer mode of action that is dependent on exceeding the metabolic clearance of absorbed 1,4-dioxane, direct mitogenesis, elevation of Cyp2E1 activity and oxidative stress leading to genotoxicity and cytotoxicity followed by sustained proliferation driven by regenerative repair and progression of heritable lesions to tumor development.
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Czegle I, Huang C, Soria PG, Purkiss DW, Shields A, Wappler-Guzzetta EA. The Role of Genetic Mutations in Mitochondrial-Driven Cancer Growth in Selected Tumors: Breast and Gynecological Malignancies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040996. [PMID: 37109525 PMCID: PMC10145875 DOI: 10.3390/life13040996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing understanding of the molecular and cytogenetic background of various tumors that helps us better conceptualize the pathogenesis of specific diseases. Additionally, in many cases, these molecular and cytogenetic alterations have diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic applications that are heavily used in clinical practice. Given that there is always room for improvement in cancer treatments and in cancer patient management, it is important to discover new therapeutic targets for affected individuals. In this review, we discuss mitochondrial changes in breast and gynecological (endometrial and ovarian) cancers. In addition, we review how the frequently altered genes in these diseases (BRCA1/2, HER2, PTEN, PIK3CA, CTNNB1, RAS, CTNNB1, FGFR, TP53, ARID1A, and TERT) affect the mitochondria, highlighting the possible associated individual therapeutic targets. With this approach, drugs targeting mitochondrial glucose or fatty acid metabolism, reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial biogenesis, mtDNA transcription, mitophagy, or cell death pathways could provide further tailored treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibolya Czegle
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Chelsea Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Priscilla Geraldine Soria
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Dylan Wesley Purkiss
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Andrea Shields
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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Xu Y, Yang Y, Wang Y, Su J, Chan T, Zhou J, Gong Y, Wang K, Gu Y, Zhang C, Wu G, Bi L, Qin X, Han J. Molecular fingerprints of nuclear genome and mitochondrial genome for early diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma. J Transl Med 2023; 21:250. [PMID: 37038181 PMCID: PMC10084603 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most prevalent subtype of lung cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates. Due to the heterogeneity of LUAD, its characteristics remain poorly understood. Exploring the clinical and molecular characteristics of LUAD is challenging but vital for early diagnosis. METHODS This observational and validation study enrolled 80 patients and 13 healthy controls. Nuclear and mtDNA-captured sequencings were performed. RESULTS This study identified a spectrum of nuclear and mitochondrial genome mutations in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma and explored their association with diagnosis. The correlation coefficient for somatic mutations in cfDNA and patient-matched tumor tissues was high in nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. The mutation number of highly mutated genes was evaluated, and the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) established a diagnostic model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis explored the diagnostic ability of the two panels. All models were verified in the testing cohort, and the mtDNA panel demonstrated excellent performance. This study identified somatic mutations in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, and detecting mutations in cfDNA displayed good diagnostic performance for early-stage LUAD. Moreover, detecting somatic mutations in the mitochondria may be a better tool for diagnosing early-stage LUAD. CONCLUSIONS This study identified specific and sensitive diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage LUAD by focusing on nuclear and mitochondrial genome mutations. This also further developed an early-stage LUAD-specific mutation gene panel for clinical utility. This study established a foundation for further investigation of LUAD molecular pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biochip at Shanghai and Shanghai Biochip Limited Corporation, No.151, Libing Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, No.241, Huaihai West Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110, Ganhe Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Biochip at Shanghai and Shanghai Biochip Limited Corporation, No.151, Libing Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianlong Chan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biochip at Shanghai and Shanghai Biochip Limited Corporation, No.151, Libing Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiajing Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Biochip at Shanghai and Shanghai Biochip Limited Corporation, No.151, Libing Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi Gong
- National Engineering Research Center for Biochip at Shanghai and Shanghai Biochip Limited Corporation, No.151, Libing Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Acupuncture Anesthesia Clinical Research Institute, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Gu
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110, Ganhe Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Congmeng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110, Ganhe Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanjin Wu
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110, Ganhe Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Bi
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110, Ganhe Road, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, No.241, Huaihai West Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junsong Han
- National Engineering Research Center for Biochip at Shanghai and Shanghai Biochip Limited Corporation, No.151, Libing Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Xian H, Watari K, Sanchez-Lopez E, Offenberger J, Onyuru J, Sampath H, Ying W, Hoffman HM, Shadel GS, Karin M. Oxidized DNA fragments exit mitochondria via mPTP- and VDAC-dependent channels to activate NLRP3 inflammasome and interferon signaling. Immunity 2022; 55:1370-1385.e8. [PMID: 35835107 PMCID: PMC9378606 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) escaping stressed mitochondria provokes inflammation via cGAS-STING pathway activation and, when oxidized (Ox-mtDNA), it binds cytosolic NLRP3, thereby triggering inflammasome activation. However, it is unknown how and in which form Ox-mtDNA exits stressed mitochondria in non-apoptotic macrophages. We found that diverse NLRP3 inflammasome activators rapidly stimulated uniporter-mediated calcium uptake to open mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTP) and trigger VDAC oligomerization. This occurred independently of mtDNA or reactive oxygen species, which induce Ox-mtDNA generation. Within mitochondria, Ox-mtDNA was either repaired by DNA glycosylase OGG1 or cleaved by the endonuclease FEN1 to 500-650 bp fragments that exited mitochondria via mPTP- and VDAC-dependent channels to initiate cytosolic NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Ox-mtDNA fragments also activated cGAS-STING signaling and gave rise to pro-inflammatory extracellular DNA. Understanding this process will advance the development of potential treatments for chronic inflammatory diseases, exemplified by FEN1 inhibitors that suppressed interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production and mtDNA release in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Xian
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kosuke Watari
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Lopez
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph Offenberger
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Janset Onyuru
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Harini Sampath
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Wei Ying
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gerald S Shadel
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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10
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Llavanera M, Delgado-Bermúdez A, Ribas-Maynou J, Salas-Huetos A, Yeste M. A systematic review identifying fertility biomarkers in semen: a clinical approach through Omics to diagnose male infertility. Fertil Steril 2022; 118:291-313. [PMID: 35718545 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the most robust molecular biomarkers in sperm and seminal plasma for the diagnosis of male infertility, and to evaluate their clinical use. DESIGN Systematic review. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) Accessible studies reporting well-defined (in)fertile populations and semen molecular biomarkers were included in this review. INTERVENTION(S) A systematic search of the literature published in MEDLINE-PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The primary outcome was the content, expression, or activity of molecular biomarkers in human semen samples. Only studies reporting a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis values were included. RESULT(S) Eighty-nine studies were included. Direct evaluation of sperm DNA damage has high potential as a diagnostic biomarker of fertility and assisted reproductive technology outcomes (area under the curve [AUCs] median = 0.67). Regarding strand break-associated chromatin modifications, γH2AX levels show good predictive value for the diagnosis of male infertility (AUCs median = 0.93). Some noncoding ribonucleic acid (RNA) exhibit excellent predictive values; miR-34c-5p in semen is the most well-characterized and robust transcriptomic biomarker (AUCs median = 0.78). While many proteins in semen show fair diagnostic value for sperm quality and fertilizing capacity, the levels of some, such as TEX101, in seminal plasma have an excellent diagnostic potential (AUCs median = 0.69). Although individual metabolites and metabolomic profiles in seminal plasma present good predictive value, the latter seem to be better than the former when inferring sperm quality and fertilizing capacity. CONCLUSION(S) The current review supports that some Omics (e.g., DNA structure and integrity, genomics and epigenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics) could be considered relevant molecular biomarkers that may help identify infertility etiologies and fertilization prognosis with cost-effective, simple, and accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Llavanera
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Delgado-Bermúdez
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi Ribas-Maynou
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Albert Salas-Huetos
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; Consorcio CIBER, M.P., Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marc Yeste
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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11
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Molecular allocation of PC4s provides implications for deciphering thermal response in Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri). Gene 2022; 818:146216. [PMID: 35093447 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The increasing sea temperature caused by global warming has led to serious death of Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) and improving its thermal tolerance has become an active research area in scallop aquaculture industry. Gene transcriptional coactivator p15 (PC4) plays pivotally multi-faced roles in most vertebrates and some invertebrates, but the systematic identification and characterization of PC4 genes have less been reported in scallops. In this study, 15 PC4 genes (CfPC4s) were identified in Zhikong scallop through whole-genome scanning, including two pairs of tandem duplicate genes located in the same scaffold (CF-19495.9 and CF-19495.10, CF-6819.1 and CF-6819.2). Protein structural and phylogenetic analyses were performed to verify identities and evolutionary relationships of these genes. Spatiotemporal expression patterns were determined at different development stages and in healthy adult tissues, as well as expression regulations in selected tissues (mantles, gills, hemocytes and hearts) after high temperatures challenge (27 °C) with different durations (3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 d, 6 d, 15 d and 30 d). Spatiotemporal expressions of CfPC4s were ubiquitous but exhibited different patterns, suggesting the functional roles of CfPC4s in all stages of growth and development of the scallop. Expression regulations of CfPC4s and their functional related factors (TFIIA, TFIID, TFIIH and RNAPII) in pre-initiation complex (PIC) in various tissues displayed up- and/or down-regulated responses at different time points, showing time- and/or tissue-dependent expression patterns with function allocation upon different thermal durations. Collectively, this study demonstrated that gene allocation of CfPC4s provided implications for deciphering thermal response in Zhikong scallop and potentially helped in developing strategies for long-term healthy sustainable Zhikong scallop culture.
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12
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Thyroid Cancer-Associated Mitochondrial DNA Mutation G3842A Promotes Tumorigenicity via ROS-Mediated ERK1/2 Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9982449. [PMID: 35464760 PMCID: PMC9020963 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9982449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been identified in various human cancers, including thyroid cancer. However, the relationship between mtDNA and thyroid cancer remains unclear. Previous studies by others and us strongly suggested that mtDNA mutations in complex I may participate in thyroid cancer processes according to sequencing results of thyroid cancer tissue, although the associated pathogenic processes remain unknown. Here, to investigate whether mtDNA mutations contribute to thyroid cancer, we reanalyzed our sequencing results and characterized thyroid cancer-associated mutations in the mitochondrial complex. The results identified the highest mutation frequencies in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH) dehydrogenase subunit 4 gene (ND4) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI), which also harbored the highest rates of
substitutions, with most of the mutations resulting in changes in the polarity of amino acids. We then established cybrids containing the G3842A mutation identified in papillary thyroid carcinoma, which revealed it as a mutation in NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 gene (ND1) and is previously reported in follicular thyroid carcinoma, thereby suggesting a possibly pathogenic role in thyroid carcinoma. Additionally, we found that the G3842A mutation accelerates tumorigenicity and decreases the abundance and activity of mitochondrial complex I, the oxygen consumption rate, and adenosine triphosphate levels. By contrast, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased to activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signaling, which contributed to tumorigenicity. These findings suggest for the first time that mtDNA mutations help drive tumor development and that G3842A may represent a new risk factor for thyroid cancer. Furthermore, our findings indicate that drugs targeting ROS and ERK1/2 may serve as a viable therapeutic strategy for thyroid cancer.
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13
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Glutathione Immobilized Polycaprolactone Nanofiber Mesh as a Dermal Drug Delivery Mechanism for Wound Healing in a Diabetic Patient. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant biomolecule. Polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber mesh (NFM) is capable of the attachment and release of biomolecules for prolonged periods and has the potential as a transdermal drug delivery system during wound healing for a diabetic patient. Our earlier study found that high levels of sugar in diabetic male mice were significantly decreased by daily doses of glutathione administered on the mice. Furthermore, oxidative stress found in diabetic male mice led to the total depletion of glutathione levels in the body’s organs (pancreas, spleen, epididymis, and testis). The objective of this study was to attach GSH with PCL NFM for the controlled release of GSH biomolecules for long periods of time from the fiber mesh into a diabetic body. This study produced PCL NFM using an electrospun technique and tested it on mice to evaluate its efficiency as a dermal drug delivery mechanism. This study dissolved GSH (2.5 mg/mL) with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and glutaraldehyde (GLU) solution to create GSH-PBS and GSH-GLU complexes. Each complex was used to soak PCL NFM for 24 h and dried to create PCL-GSH-PBS and PCL-GSH-GLU meshes. Fiber morphology, degradation, fibroblast cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and GSH release activities from each mesh were compared. Fibroblast cell adhesion and cytotoxicity tests found excellent biocompatibility of both GSH-immobilized PCL meshes and no degradation until 20 days of the study period. The disk diffusion method was conducted to test the antibacterial properties of the sample groups. Release tests confirmed that the attachment of GSH with PCL by GSH-GLU complex resulted in a steady release of GSH compared to the fast release of GSH from PCL-GSH-PBS mesh. The disk diffusion test confirmed that PCL-GSH-GLU has antibacterial properties. The above results conclude that GSH-GLU immobilized PCL NFM can be a suitable candidate for a transdermal anti-oxidative and anti-bacterial drug delivery system such as bandage, skin graft for wound healing application in a diabetic patient.
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14
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Jun YW, Albarran E, Wilson DL, Ding J, Kool ET. Fluorescence Imaging of Mitochondrial DNA Base Excision Repair Reveals Dynamics of Oxidative Stress Responses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202111829. [PMID: 34851014 PMCID: PMC8792287 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function in cells declines with aging and with neurodegeneration, due in large part to accumulated mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that arise from deficient DNA repair. However, measuring this repair activity is challenging. We employ a molecular approach for visualizing mitochondrial base excision repair (BER) activity in situ by use of a fluorescent probe (UBER) that reacts rapidly with AP sites resulting from BER activity. Administering the probe to cultured cells revealed signals that were localized to mitochondria, enabling selective observation of mtDNA BER intermediates. The probe showed elevated DNA repair activity under oxidative stress, and responded to suppression of glycosylase activity. Furthermore, the probe illuminated the time lag between the initiation of oxidative stress and the initial step of BER. Absence of MTH1 in cells resulted in elevated demand for BER activity upon extended oxidative stress, while the absence of OGG1 activity limited glycosylation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Woong Jun
- Department of Chemistry, ChEM-H Institute, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Eddy Albarran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, and Wu Tsai Neuroscience institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - David L. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, ChEM-H Institute, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, and Wu Tsai Neuroscience institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Eric T. Kool
- Department of Chemistry, ChEM-H Institute, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
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15
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Jun YW, Albarran E, Wilson DL, Ding J, Kool ET. Fluorescence Imaging of Mitochondrial DNA Base Excision Repair Reveals Dynamics of Oxidative Stress Responses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Woong Jun
- Department of Chemistry, ChEM-H Institute, and Stanford Cancer Institute Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Eddy Albarran
- Department of Neurosurgery Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, and Wu Tsai Neuroscience institute Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - David L. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, ChEM-H Institute, and Stanford Cancer Institute Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, and Wu Tsai Neuroscience institute Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Eric T. Kool
- Department of Chemistry, ChEM-H Institute, and Stanford Cancer Institute Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
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16
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Kajitani GS, Nascimento LLDS, Neves MRDC, Leandro GDS, Garcia CCM, Menck CFM. Transcription blockage by DNA damage in nucleotide excision repair-related neurological dysfunctions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 114:20-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Transcriptomic Changes Associated with Loss of Cell Viability Induced by Oxysterol Treatment of a Retinal Photoreceptor-Derived Cell Line: An In Vitro Model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052339. [PMID: 33652836 PMCID: PMC7956713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Smith–Lemli–Opitz Syndrome (SLOS) results from mutations in the gene encoding the enzyme DHCR7, which catalyzes conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) to cholesterol (CHOL). Rats treated with a DHCR7 inhibitor serve as a SLOS animal model, and exhibit progressive photoreceptor-specific cell death, with accumulation of 7DHC and oxidized sterols. To understand the basis of this cell type specificity, we performed transcriptomic analyses on a photoreceptor-derived cell line (661W), treating cells with two 7DHC-derived oxysterols, which accumulate in tissues and bodily fluids of SLOS patients and in the rat SLOS model, as well as with CHOL (negative control), and evaluated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for each treatment. Gene enrichment analysis and compilation of DEG sets indicated that endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, DNA damage and repair, and autophagy were all highly up-regulated pathways in oxysterol-treated cells. Detailed analysis indicated that the two oxysterols exert their effects via different molecular mechanisms. Changes in expression of key genes in highlighted pathways (Hmox1, Ddit3, Trib3, and Herpud1) were validated by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. The results extend our understanding of the pathobiology of retinal degeneration and SLOS, identifying potential new druggable targets for therapeutic intervention into these and other related orphan diseases.
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18
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Hepowit NL, Pereira KN, Tumolo JM, Chazin WJ, MacGurn JA. Identification of ubiquitin Ser57 kinases regulating the oxidative stress response in yeast. eLife 2020; 9:58155. [PMID: 33074099 PMCID: PMC7647399 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination regulates many different cellular processes, including protein quality control, membrane trafficking, and stress responses. The diversity of ubiquitin functions in the cell is partly due to its ability to form chains with distinct linkages that can alter the fate of substrate proteins in unique ways. The complexity of the ubiquitin code is further enhanced by post-translational modifications on ubiquitin itself, the biological functions of which are not well understood. Here, we present genetic and biochemical evidence that serine 57 (Ser57) phosphorylation of ubiquitin functions in stress responses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, including the oxidative stress response. We also identify and characterize the first known Ser57 ubiquitin kinases in yeast and human cells, and we report that two Ser57 ubiquitin kinases regulate the oxidative stress response in yeast. These studies implicate ubiquitin phosphorylation at the Ser57 position as an important modifier of ubiquitin function, particularly in response to proteotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel L Hepowit
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Kevin N Pereira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Jessica M Tumolo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Walter J Chazin
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Jason A MacGurn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
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19
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Bazzani V, Barchiesi A, Radecka D, Pravisani R, Guadagno A, Di Loreto C, Baccarani U, Vascotto C. Mitochondrial apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 enhances mtDNA repair contributing to cell proliferation and mitochondrial integrity in early stages of hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:969. [PMID: 33028238 PMCID: PMC7542375 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of primary liver cancers. Surveillance of individuals at specific risk of developing HCC, early diagnostic markers, and new therapeutic approaches are essential to obtain a reduction in disease-related mortality. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) expression levels and its cytoplasmic localization have been reported to correlate with a lower degree of differentiation and shorter survival rate. The aim of this study is to fully investigate, for the first time, the role of the mitochondrial form of APE1 in HCC. METHODS As a study model, we analyzed samples from a cohort of patients diagnosed with HCC who underwent surgical resection. Mitochondrial APE1 content, expression levels of the mitochondrial import protein Mia40, and mtDNA damage of tumor tissue and distal non-tumor liver of each patient were analyzed. In parallel, we generated a stable HeLa clone for inducible silencing of endogenous APE1 and re-expression of the recombinant shRNA resistant mitochondrially targeted APE1 form (MTS-APE1). We evaluated mtDNA damage, cell growth, and mitochondrial respiration. RESULTS APE1's cytoplasmic positivity in Grades 1 and 2 HCC patients showed a significantly higher expression of mitochondrial APE1, which accounted for lower levels of mtDNA damage observed in the tumor tissue with respect to the distal area. In the contrast, the cytoplasmic positivity in Grade 3 was not associated with APE1's mitochondrial accumulation even when accounting for the higher number of mtDNA lesions measured. Loss of APE1 expression negatively affected mitochondrial respiration, cell viability, and proliferation as well as levels of mtDNA damage. Remarkably, the phenotype was efficiently rescued in MTS-APE1 clone, where APE1 is present only within the mitochondrial matrix. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms the prominent role of the mitochondrial form of APE1 in the early stages of HCC development and the relevance of the non-nuclear fraction of APE1 in the disease progression. We have also confirmed overexpression of Mia40 and the role of the MIA pathway in the APE1 import process. Based on our data, inhibition of the APE1 transport by blocking the MIA pathway could represent a new therapeutic approach for reducing mitochondrial metabolism by preventing the efficient repair of mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Bazzani
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, P.le Massimiliano Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Arianna Barchiesi
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, P.le Massimiliano Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Dorota Radecka
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, P.le Massimiliano Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pravisani
- Department of Medicine, General Surgery and Transplantation, Academic Hospital (ASUIUD), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Antonio Guadagno
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico "San Martino", Genoa, Italy
| | - Carla Di Loreto
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Umberto Baccarani
- Department of Medicine, General Surgery and Transplantation, Academic Hospital (ASUIUD), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Carlo Vascotto
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, P.le Massimiliano Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
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20
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Durairajanayagam D, Singh D, Agarwal A, Henkel R. Causes and consequences of sperm mitochondrial dysfunction. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13666. [PMID: 32510691 DOI: 10.1111/and.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have multiple functions, including synthesis of adenine triphosphate, production of reactive oxygen species, calcium signalling, thermogenesis and apoptosis. Mitochondria have a significant contribution in regulating the various physiological aspects of reproductive function, from spermatogenesis up to fertilisation. Mitochondrial functionality and intact mitochondrial membrane potential are a pre-requisite for sperm motility, hyperactivation, capacitation, acrosin activity, acrosome reaction and DNA integrity. Optimal mitochondrial activity is therefore crucial for human sperm function and semen quality. However, the precise role of mitochondria in spermatozoa remains to be fully explored. Defects in sperm mitochondrial function severely impair the maintenance of energy production required for sperm motility and may be an underlying cause of asthenozoospermia. Sperm mtDNA is susceptible to oxidative damage and mutations that could compromise sperm function leading to infertility. Males with abnormal semen parameters have increased mtDNA copy number and reduced mtDNA integrity. This review discusses the role of mitochondria in sperm function, along with the causes and impact of its dysfunction on male fertility. Greater understanding of sperm mitochondrial function and its correlation with sperm quality could provide further insights into their contribution in the assessment of the infertile male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damayanthi Durairajanayagam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Dipty Singh
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Mumbai, India
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ralf Henkel
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Medical Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Science, University of the Western Cape, Belville, South Africa
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21
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Inthu DM, Paul DSFD, Palanippan DN, Dr. Kumarasamy. Mitochondrial DNA Mutations and ND1 Gene Copy Number in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). CYTOL GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452720030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Thompson PS, Cortez D. New insights into abasic site repair and tolerance. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 90:102866. [PMID: 32417669 PMCID: PMC7299775 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thousands of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP or abasic) sites form in each cell, each day. This simple DNA lesion can have profound consequences to cellular function, genome stability, and disease. As potent blocks to polymerases, they interfere with the reading and copying of the genome. Since they provide no coding information, they are potent sources of mutation. Due to their reactive chemistry, they are intermediates in the formation of lesions that are more challenging to repair including double-strand breaks, interstrand crosslinks, and DNA protein crosslinks. Given their prevalence and deleterious consequences, cells have multiple mechanisms of repairing and tolerating these lesions. While base excision repair of abasic sites in double-strand DNA has been studied for decades, new interest in abasic site processing has come from more recent insights into how they are processed in single-strand DNA. In this review, we discuss the source of abasic sites, their biological consequences, tolerance mechanisms, and how they are repaired in double and single-stranded DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petria S Thompson
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - David Cortez
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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Wang SF, Chen S, Tseng LM, Lee HC. Role of the mitochondrial stress response in human cancer progression. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:861-878. [PMID: 32326760 PMCID: PMC7268930 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220920558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Dysregulated mitochondria often occurred in cancers. Mitochondrial dysfunction might contribute to cancer progression. We reviewed several mitochondrial stresses in cancers. Mitochondrial stress responses might contribute to cancer progression. Several mitochondrion-derived molecules (ROS, Ca2+, oncometabolites, exported mtDNA, mitochondrial double-stranded RNA, humanin, and MOTS-c), integrated stress response, and mitochondrial unfolded protein response act as retrograde signaling pathways and might be critical in the development and progression of cancer. Targeting these mitochondrial stress responses may be an important strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 112 Taipei
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 112 Taipei
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 112 Taipei
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 112 Taipei
| | - Hsin-Chen Lee
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 112 Taipei
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24
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Muller M, Hansmannel F, Arnone D, Choukour M, Ndiaye NC, Kokten T, Houlgatte R, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Genomic and molecular alterations in human inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer. United European Gastroenterol J 2020; 8:675-684. [PMID: 32268844 DOI: 10.1177/2050640620919254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are at increased risk of colorectal cancer, which has worse prognosis than sporadic colorectal cancer. Until recently, understanding of pathogenesis in inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer was restricted to the demonstration of chromosomic/microsatellite instabilities and aneuploidy. The advance of high-throughput sequencing technologies has highlighted the complexity of the pathobiology and revealed recurrently mutated genes involved in the RTK/RAS, PI3K, WNT, and TGFβ pathways, leading to potentially new targetable mutations. Moreover, alterations of mitochondrial DNA and the dysregulation of non-coding sequences have also been described, as well as several epigenetic modifications. Although recent studies have brought new insights into pathobiology and raised the prospect of innovative therapeutic approaches, the understanding of colorectal carcinogenesis in inflammatory bowel disease and how it differs from sporadic colorectal cancer remains not fully elucidated. Further studies are required to better understand the pathogenesis and molecular alterations leading to human inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Muller
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, France
| | - Franck Hansmannel
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks - NGERE", Nancy, France
| | - Djesia Arnone
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks - NGERE", Nancy, France
| | - Myriam Choukour
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, France
| | - Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks - NGERE", Nancy, France
| | - Tunay Kokten
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks - NGERE", Nancy, France
| | - Rémi Houlgatte
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks - NGERE", Nancy, France
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, France.,Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks - NGERE", Nancy, France
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25
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Babbar M, Basu S, Yang B, Croteau DL, Bohr VA. Mitophagy and DNA damage signaling in human aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 186:111207. [PMID: 31923475 PMCID: PMC7047626 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with multiple human pathologies. In the past few years mitochondrial homeostasis has been well correlated with age-related disorders and longevity. Mitochondrial homeostasis involves generation, biogenesis and removal of dysfunctional mitochondria via mitophagy. Mitophagy is regulated by various mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial factors including morphology, oxidative stress and DNA damage. For decades, DNA damage and inefficient DNA repair have been considered as major determinants for age-related disorders. Although defects in DNA damage recognition and repair and mitophagy are well documented to be major factors in age-associated diseases, interactivity between these is poorly understood. Mitophagy efficiency decreases with age leading to accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria enhancing the severity of age-related disorders including neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancer, diabetes and many more. Therefore, mitophagy is being targeted for intervention in age-associated disorders. NAD+ supplementation has emerged as one intervention to target both defective DNA repair and mitophagy. In this review, we discuss the molecular signaling pathways involved in regulation of DNA damage and repair and of mitophagy, and we highlight the opportunities for clinical interventions targeting these processes to improve the quality of life during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Babbar
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Sambuddha Basu
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Beimeng Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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26
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Li Y, Giorgi EE, Beckman KB, Caberto C, Kazma R, Lum-Jones A, Haiman CA, Marchand LL, Stram DO, Saxena R, Cheng I. Association between mitochondrial genetic variation and breast cancer risk: The Multiethnic Cohort. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222284. [PMID: 31577800 PMCID: PMC6774509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mitochondrial genome encodes for thirty-seven proteins, among them thirteen are essential for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. Inherited variation in mitochondrial genes may influence cancer development through changes in mitochondrial proteins, altering the OXPHOS process and promoting the production of reactive oxidative species. Methods To investigate the association between mitochondrial genetic variation and breast cancer risk, we tested 314 mitochondrial SNPs (mtSNPs), capturing four complexes of the mitochondrial OXPHOS pathway and mtSNP groupings for rRNA and tRNA, in 2,723 breast cancer cases and 3,260 controls from the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Results We examined the collective set of 314 mtSNPs as well as subsets of mtSNPs grouped by mitochondrial OXPHOS pathway, complexes, and genes, using the sequence kernel association test and adjusting for age, sex, and principal components of global ancestry. We also tested haplogroup associations using unconditional logistic regression and adjusting for the same covariates. Stratified analyses were conducted by self-reported maternal race/ethnicity. No significant mitochondrial OXPHOS pathway, gene, and haplogroup associations were observed in African Americans, Asian Americans, Latinos, and Native Hawaiians. In European Americans, a global test of all genetic variants of the mitochondrial genome identified an association with breast cancer risk (P = 0.017, q = 0.102). In mtSNP-subset analysis, the gene MT-CO2 (P = 0.001, q = 0.09) in Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) and MT-ND2 (P = 0.004, q = 0.19) in Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone)) were significantly associated with breast cancer risk. Conclusions In summary, our findings suggest that collective mitochondrial genetic variation and particularly in the MT-CO2 and MT-ND2 may play a role in breast cancer risk among European Americans. Further replication is warranted in larger populations and future studies should evaluate the contribution of mitochondrial proteins encoded by both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes to breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Elena E. Giorgi
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - Kenneth B. Beckman
- University of Minnesota Genomics Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Christian Caberto
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Remi Kazma
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annette Lum-Jones
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Daniel O. Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program of Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Altafi D, Sadeghi S, Hojatian H, Torabi Afra M, Pakizeh Kar S, Gorji M, Houshmand M. Mitochondrial Polymorphisms, in The D-Loop Area, Are Associated with Brain Tumors. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 21:350-356. [PMID: 31210442 PMCID: PMC6582428 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2019.5947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between mtDNA D-loop variations and the
pathogenesis of a brain tumor.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, 25 specimens of brain tumor tissue with their adjacent tissues
from patients and 454 blood samples from different ethnic groups of the Iranian population, as the control group, were
analysed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequencing method.
Results Thirty-six variations of the D-loop area were observed in brain tumor tissues as well as the adjacent normal
tissues. A significant difference of A750G (P=0.046), T15936C (P=0.013), C15884G (P=0.013), C16069T (P=0.049),
T16126C (P=0.006), C16186T (P=0.022), T16189C (P=0.041), C16193T (P=0.045), C16223T (P=0.001), T16224C
(P=0.013), C16234T (P=0.013), G16274A (P=0.009), T16311C (P=0.038), C16327T (P=0.045), C16355T (P=0.003),
T16362C (P=0.006), G16384A (P=0.042), G16392A (P=0.013), G16394A (P=0.013), and G16477A (P=0.013) variants
was found between the patients and the controls.
Conclusion The results indicated individuals with C16069T [odds ratio (OR): 2.048], T16126C (OR: 2.226), C16186T
(OR: 3.586), G16274A (OR: 4.831), C16355T (OR: 7.322), and T16362C (OR: 6.682) variants with an OR more than
one are probably associated with a brain tumor. However, given the multifactorial nature of cancer, more investigation
needs to be done to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donya Altafi
- Molecular Biology Department, NourDanesh Institute of Higher Education, Esfahan, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Soha Sadeghi
- Molecular Biology Department, NourDanesh Institute of Higher Education, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Hamed Hojatian
- Molecular Biology Department, NourDanesh Institute of Higher Education, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Torabi Afra
- Molecular Biology Department, NourDanesh Institute of Higher Education, Esfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mojtaba Gorji
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Lorestan Medical University, Lorestan, Iran
| | - Massoud Houshmand
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institutes for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center, Knowledge University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.Electronic Address:
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Talhar SS, Ambulkar PS, Sontakke BR, Waghmare PJ, Shende MR, Pal AK, Narang P. Oxidative stress and its impact on mitochondrial DNA in pulmonary tuberculosis patients- a pilot study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 66:227-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Shimura T, Koyama M, Aono D, Kunugita N. Epicatechin as a promising agent to countermeasure radiation exposure by mitigating mitochondrial damage in human fibroblasts and mouse hematopoietic cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:6867-6876. [PMID: 30840834 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802246rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accidental radiation exposure that is due to a nuclear accident or terrorism using radioactive materials has severe detrimental effects on human health, and it can manifest as acute radiation syndrome depending on the dose and distribution of the radiation. Therefore, the development of radiation countermeasure agents is urgently needed to protect humans against radiation injury. Besides nuclear DNA, the mitochondria are important targets of ionizing radiation (IR) because these organelles generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recently, we revealed that mitochondrial ROS-activated cell signaling is associated with IR-induced tumor formation. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of ascorbic acid and epicatechin (EC) in scavenging ROS as radiation countermeasure agents by using human cells and mouse. Preradiation and postradiation treatments with EC mitigate ROS-mediated mitochondrial damage, IR-induced oxidative stress responses including reduction of superoxide dismutase activity, and elevated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression, and they improve human fibroblast survival. As well as in vitro, EC mitigated ROS-mediated mitochondrial damage after exposure to IR in vivo in mouse platelets. Furthermore, oral administration of EC significantly enhanced the recovery of mouse hematopoietic cells from radiation injury in vivo. In summary, EC is a potentially viable countermeasure agent that is immediately effective against accidental IR exposure by targeting mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress.-Shimura, T., Koyama, M., Aono, D., Kunugita, N. Epicatechin as a promising agent to countermeasure radiation exposure by mitigating mitochondrial damage in human fibroblasts and mouse hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Shimura
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan; and
| | - Mao Koyama
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan; and.,Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Aono
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan; and.,Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Kunugita
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan; and
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Khan MI, Mishra A, Jha PK, Abhishek K, Chaba R, Das P, Sinha KK. DNA polymerase β of Leishmania donovani is important for infectivity and it protects the parasite against oxidative damage. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:291-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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31
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Akhter P, Ashiq U, Jamal RA, Shaikh Z, Mahroof-Tahir M, Lateef M, Badar R. Chemistry, Alpha-glucosidase and Radical Scavenging Properties of Uranyl(VI) Hydrazide Complexes. Med Chem 2019; 15:923-936. [PMID: 30760191 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190213101044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antitumoral activities among others are essential characteristics in the development of novel therapeutic compounds. Acid hydrazides can form complexation with certain metal ions that positively enhance these biological characteristics. OBJECTIVE Five new complexes of uranium with hydrazide ligands were synthesized at room temperature. METHODS The characterization was done by spectroscopic methods (ESI-Mass, IR, 1H-NMR, 13CNMR), CHN analysis and conductivity measurements. Metal complexes along with their respective ligands were further screened for their antioxidant (DPPH, superoxide and nitric oxide free radicals) properties and enzyme inhibition (α-glucosidase) activities. RESULTS Elemental and spectral data indicate octahedral geometry around uranyl (UO2 2+) species. Magnetic moments indicate the diamagnetic nature of uranyl(VI) ion in the complex in solid state. IC50 values showed potential antioxidant behavior of uranyl complexes demonstrating interesting structure-activity relationships. In general, hydrazide ligands were not active against superoxide and nitric oxide radicals while varying degree of results were observed against DPPH radical whereas all uranyl-complexes showed promising radical scavenging activities against all of them. Promising inhibitory potential was displayed by UO2 +2 hydrazide complexes against α- glucosidases whereas free hydrazide ligands were inactive. CONCLUSION Structure function relationship demonstrates that the nature of ligand, position of substituent, electronic and steric effects are significant factors affecting the radical scavenging and enzyme inhibition activities of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Akhter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Ashiq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rifat A Jamal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zara Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | | | - Mehreen Lateef
- Multi Disciplinary Research Lab, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rooma Badar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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Lin KY, Chung CH, Ciou JS, Su PF, Wang PW, Shieh DB, Wang TC. Molecular damage and responses of oral keratinocyte to hydrogen peroxide. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:10. [PMID: 30634966 PMCID: PMC6329095 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-based tooth bleaching reagents have recently increased in popularity and controversy. H2O2 gel (3%) is used in a Nightguard for vital bleaching; transient tooth sensitivity and oral mucosa irritation have been reported. Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity have also been significant concerns. METHODS We used primary cultured normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs) as an in vitro model to investigate the pathological effects to mitochondria functions on human oral keratinocytes exposed to different doses of H2O2 for different durations. RESULTS An MTT assay showed compromised cell viability at a dose over 5 mM. The treatments induced nuclear DNA damage, measured using a single-cell gel electrophoresis assay. A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed H2O2 induced significant increase in mitochondrial 4977-bp deletion. Mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis assays suggested that oxidative damage defense mechanisms were activated after prolonged exposure to H2O2. Reduced intracellular glutathione was an effective defense against oxidative damage from 5 mM of H2O2. CONCLUSION Our study suggests the importance for keratinocyte damage of the dose and the duration of the exposure to H2O2 in at-home-bleaching. A treatment dose ≥100 mM directly causes severe cytotoxicity with as little as 15 min of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yu Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Harrisburg, PA, 16803, USA
| | - Ching-Hung Chung
- Department of Stomatology, National Cheng-Kung University Hospital, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jheng-Sian Ciou
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 71710, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Su
- Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Institute of Oral Medicine and Department of Stomatology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Dar-Bin Shieh
- Department of Stomatology, National Cheng-Kung University Hospital, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan. .,Institute of Oral Medicine and Department of Stomatology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan. .,Center of Applied Nanomedicine, Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, Advanced Optronic Technology Center, Innovation Center for Advanced Medical Device Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Chueh Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 71710, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) is one of the most active DNA repair pathways in cells correcting DNA damage from oxidation, deamination, alkylation, and damages induced by free radicals and ionizing radiation. Deregulation or deficiencies in BER mechanisms increase the level of mutations leading to carcinogenesis, and single-strand DNA break formation, which may be converted to double-strand breaks and induce apoptosis. BER deficiency is associated with development of diseases causing neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In addition, BER mechanisms can be affected by viral infections, such as HPV, HTLV-1, and HIV-1. Deficiencies in DNA repair in cells can be analyzed using a very convenient and effective approach, where mammalian cells are transfected with plasmids carrying a reporter gene of fluorescent protein that contain inactivating damages. The repair of DNA damages depends on the cellular machinery and is reflected by expression of the reporter gene measured by flow cytometry. In this chapter, we describe this plasmid-based reporter gene system to investigate in cell the repairs of DNA damages involving BER mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Piekna-Przybylska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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34
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Zhao L. Mitochondrial DNA degradation: A quality control measure for mitochondrial genome maintenance and stress response. Enzymes 2019; 45:311-341. [PMID: 31627882 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in bioenergetics, and fulfill a plethora of functions in cell signaling, programmed cell death, and biosynthesis of key protein cofactors. Mitochondria harbor their own genomic DNA, which encodes protein subunits of the electron transport chain and a full set of transfer and ribosomal RNAs. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is essential for cellular and organismal functions, and defects in mitochondrial genome maintenance have been implicated in common human diseases and mitochondrial disorders. mtDNA repair and degradation are known pathways to cope with mtDNA damage; however, molecular factors involved in this process have remained unclear. Such knowledge is fundamental to the understanding of mitochondrial genomic maintenance and pathology, because mtDNA degradation may contribute to the etiology of mtDNA depletion syndromes and to the activation of the innate immune response by fragmented mtDNA. This article reviews the current literature regarding the importance of mitochondrial DNA degradation in mtDNA maintenance and stress response, and the recent progress in uncovering molecular factors involved in mtDNA degradation. These factors include key components of the mtDNA replication machinery, such as DNA polymerase γ, helicase Twinkle, and exonuclease MGME1, as well as a major DNA-packaging protein, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.
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Abstract
Mitochondria are essential intracellular organelles that are responsible for energy metabolism, cell growth, and differentiation, redox homeostasis, oncogenic signaling, and apoptosis. These multifunctional organelles have been implicated in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis, relapse, and acquired drug resistance due to metabolic alterations in transformed cells. Maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is thought to contribute to cancer development and prognosis and proposed as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of mtDNA alterations, with a specific focus on somatic changes, germline variants, haplogroups, large deletions, and mtDNA content changes associated with cancer susceptibility and prognosis. We also discuss the potential of mtDNA as biomarkers of cancer detection and targets of cancer treatment. Deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying these associations requires further investigation.
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36
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Li L, Xing R, Cui J, Li W, Lu Y. Investigation of frequent somatic mutations of MTND5 gene in gastric cancer cell lines and tissues. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2018; 3:1002-1008. [PMID: 33474396 PMCID: PMC7800514 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1501287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 13 paired gastric cancer tissue samples and seven gastric cancer cell lines using direct sequencing analysis of the MTND5 region. Results showed that nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (NUMTs) and mitochondrial copy number affected the detection of the SNV frequency in gastric cancer tissue and cell line samples using high-throughput sequencing technique. The heteroplasmic point mutation C12474T and G12835A happened in AGS and BGC823 cell lines, respectively. A total of seven SNVs were found in three paired gastric cancer tissue samples, including five heteroplasmic point mutations (A12406G, C12705T, T12882C, G12501A, and A12584G) and two homoplasmic point mutations (G12561A and C13590T). Gastric cancer tissue sample 16 exhibited the highest SNVs frequency with four SNVs (np 12406, np 12705, np 12882, and np 12501), whereas no SNVs or SNPs were detected in the tissue sample 4. SNP 12705 turned out to be an SNV in gastric cancer tissue sample 16. SNV 12338 detected by exome sequencing approach appeared to be an SNP in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Rui Xing
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiantao Cui
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wenmei Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Youyong Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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Baptiste BA, Katchur SR, Fivenson EM, Croteau DL, Rumsey WL, Bohr VA. Enhanced mitochondrial DNA repair of the common disease-associated variant, Ser326Cys, of hOGG1 through small molecule intervention. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:149-162. [PMID: 29879444 PMCID: PMC6098717 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The common oxidatively generated lesion, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua), is removed from DNA by base excision repair. The glycosylase primarily charged with recognition and removal of this lesion is 8-oxoGuaDNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1). When left unrepaired, 8-oxodG alters transcription and is mutagenic. Individuals homozygous for the less active OGG1 allele, Ser326Cys, have increased risk of several cancers. Here, small molecule enhancers of OGG1 were identified and tested for their ability to stimulate DNA repair and protect cells from the environmental hazard paraquat (PQ). PQ-induced mtDNA damage was inversely proportional to the levels of OGG1 expression whereas stimulation of OGG1, in some cases, entirely abolished its cellular effects. The PQ-mediated decline of mitochondrial membrane potential or nuclear condensation were prevented by the OGG1 activators. In addition, in Ogg1-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts complemented with hOGG1S326C, there was increased cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species compared to their wild type counterparts. Mitochondrial extracts from cells expressing hOGG1S326C were deficient in mitochondrial 8-oxodG incision activity, which was rescued by the OGG1 activators. These data demonstrate that small molecules can stimulate OGG1 activity with consequent cellular protection. Thus, OGG1-activating compounds may be useful in select humans to mitigate the deleterious effects of environmental oxidants and mutagens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly A Baptiste
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Steven R Katchur
- Respiratory Therapy Area, GSK R&D, Collegeville, PA, United States
| | - Elayne M Fivenson
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - William L Rumsey
- Respiratory Therapy Area, GSK R&D, Collegeville, PA, United States
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Yu C, Wang X, Huang L, Tong Y, Chen L, Wu H, Xia Q, Kong X. Deciphering the Spectrum of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using High-Throughput Sequencing. Gene Expr 2018; 18:125-134. [PMID: 29463347 PMCID: PMC5954625 DOI: 10.3727/105221618x15185539348147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations has been proposed to contribute to the initiation and progression of tumors. By using high-throughput sequencing strategies, we measured 33 specimens including 11 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues, 11 corresponding adjacent tissues, and 11 normal liver tissues. We identified 194 single nucleotide variants (SNVs; including insert and deletion) in 33 liver tissues, and 13 somatic novel mutations were detected, including 7 mutations in the coding region. One of the seven somatic mutations (T7609C, 91.09%) is synonymous, which does not change amino acid coding; the other four somatic mutations (T6115C, 65.74%; G8387A, 12.23%; G13121A, 93.08%; and T14180C, 28.22%) could result in amino acid substitutions, potentially leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, two mutations in tRNA might influence amino acid transportation. Consistent with a previous study, we also found that mtDNA copy number was significantly reduced in HCC tissues. Therefore, we established a mitochondrial genome depletion cell line ρ0 and revealed that mtDNA loss reduced proliferation and migration in HCC cells but promoted their resistance to 5-fluorouracil. Our results suggested that somatic mtDNA mutations may cause mitochondrial dysfunction and affect chemoresistance of HCC cells. These new identified somatic mutations may serve as a reference for future studies of cancer mitochondrial genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yu
- *Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- †School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- ‡Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Huang
- *Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tong
- *Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lili Chen
- *Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- †School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Wu
- §State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Xia
- *Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- *Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Kasahara T, Kato T. What Can Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Tell Us About Mood Disorders? Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:731-738. [PMID: 29102411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Variants in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins in bipolar disorder, depression, or other psychiatric disorders have been studied for decades, since mitochondrial dysfunction was first suggested in the brains of patients with these diseases. Candidate gene association studies initially resulted in findings compatible with the mitochondrial dysfunction hypothesis. Many of those studies, however, were conducted with modest sample sizes (N < 1000), which could cause false positive findings. Furthermore, the DNA samples examined in these studies, including genome-wide association studies, were generally derived from peripheral tissues. One key unanswered question is whether there is an association between mood disorders and somatic mtDNA mutations (deletions and point mutations) in brain regions that accumulate a high amount of mtDNA mutations and/or are involved in the regulation of mood. Two lines of robust evidence supporting the importance of mtDNA mutations in brain tissues for mood disorders have come from clinical observation of mitochondrial disease patients who carry primary mtDNA mutations or accumulate secondary mtDNA mutations due to nuclear mutations and an animal model study. More than half of mitochondrial disease patients have comorbid mood disorders, and mice with neuron-specific accumulation of mtDNA mutations show spontaneous depression-like episodes. In this review, we first summarize the current knowledge of mtDNA and its genetics and discuss what mtDNA analysis tells us about neuropsychiatric disorders based on an example of Parkinson's disease. We also discuss challenges and future directions beyond mtDNA analysis toward an understanding of the pathophysiology of "idiopathic" mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaoki Kasahara
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan.
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40
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Habashy WS, Milfort MC, Rekaya R, Aggrey SE. Expression of genes that encode cellular oxidant/antioxidant systems are affected by heat stress. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:389-394. [PMID: 29619655 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress causes critical molecular dysfunction that affects productivity in chickens. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat stress (HS) on the expression of select genes in the oxidation/antioxidation machinery in the liver of chickens. Chickens at 14 days of age were randomly assigned to two treatment groups and kept under either a constant normal temperature (25 °C) or high temperature (35 °C) in individual cages for 12 days. mRNA expression of Nrf2, oxidants NADPH(NOX): [NOX1, NOX2, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5 and DUOX2], and antioxidants [SOD1, CAT, GR, GPx1, NQO1] in the liver were analyzed at 1 and 12 days post-HS. We show that, HS changes the mRNA expression of oxidants thereby increasing cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, persistent HS up-regulates SOD which converts superoxides to hydrogen peroxide. We further demonstrated the dynamic relationship between catalase, GSH peroxidase (GPx) and NADPH under both acute and chronic heat stress. The pentose phosphate pathway could be important under HS since it generates NADPH which serves as a cofactor for GPx. Also, methionine, a precursor of cysteine has been shown to have reducing properties and thereby makes for an alternative fuel for redox processes. Genes in the ROS and antioxidant generation pathways may provide insight into nutritional intervention strategies, especially the use of methionine and/or cysteine when birds are suffering from heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid S Habashy
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Al-Behira, Egypt
| | - Marie C Milfort
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Romdhane Rekaya
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Samuel E Aggrey
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Verlaet AAJ, Maasakkers CM, Hermans N, Savelkoul HFJ. Rationale for Dietary Antioxidant Treatment of ADHD. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040405. [PMID: 29587355 PMCID: PMC5946190 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing understanding arises regarding disadvantages of stimulant medication in children with ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). This review presents scientific findings supporting dietary antioxidant treatment of ADHD and describes substantial alterations in the immune system, epigenetic regulation of gene expression, and oxidative stress regulation in ADHD. As a result, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress could develop, which can lead to ADHD symptoms, for example by chronic T-cell-mediated neuroinflammation, as well as by neuronal oxidative damage and loss of normal cerebral functions. Therefore, modulation of immune system activity and oxidant-antioxidant balance using nutritional approaches might have potential in ADHD treatment. The use of natural antioxidants against oxidative conditions is an emerging field in the management of neurodegenerative diseases. Dietary polyphenols, for example, have antioxidant capacities as well as immunoregulatory effects and, therefore, appear appropriate in ADHD therapy. This review can stimulate the development and investigation of dietary antioxidant treatment in ADHD, which is highly desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies A J Verlaet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food Science, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 (A104), 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Carlijn M Maasakkers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food Science, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 (A104), 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, De Elst 1 Building 122, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nina Hermans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food Science, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 (A104), 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, De Elst 1 Building 122, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Libertini G. Sex and Aging: A Comparison between Two Phenoptotic Phenomena. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 82:1435-1455. [PMID: 29486695 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917120045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phenoptosis is a phenomenon that is genetically programmed and favored by natural selection, and that determines death or increased risk of death (fitness reduction) for the individual that manifests it. Aging, here defined as age-related progressive mortality increase in the wild, if programmed and favored by natural selection, falls within the definition of phenoptosis. Sexual reproduction (sex), as for the involved individuals determines fitness reduction and, in some species, even certain death, also falls within the definition of phenoptosis. In this review, sex and aging are analyzed as phenoptotic phenomena, and the similarities between them are investigated. In particular, from a theoretical standpoint, the genes that cause and regulate these phenomena: (i) require analyses that consider both individual and supra-individual selection because they are harmful in terms of individual selection, but advantageous (that is, favored by natural selection) in particular conditions of supra-individual selection; (ii) determine a higher velocity of and greater opportunities for evolution and, therefore, greater evolutionary potential (evolvability); (iii) are advantageous under ecological conditions of K-selection and with finite populations; (iv) are disadvantageous (that is, not favored by natural selection) under ecological conditions of r-selection and with unlimited populations; (v) are not advantageous in all ecological conditions and, so, species that reproduce asexually or species that do not age are predicted and exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacinto Libertini
- Independent researcher, member of the Italian Society for Evolutionary Biology, Italy.
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Tanaka T, Kobunai T, Yamamoto Y, Murono K, Otani K, Yasuda K, Nishikawa T, Kiyomatsu T, Kawai K, Hata K, Nozawa H, Ishihara S, Watanabe T. Increased Copy Number Variation of mtDNA in an Array-based Digital PCR Assay Predicts Ulcerative Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:713-718. [PMID: 28652445 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in carcinogenesis in numerous cancer-related diseases. We examined the copy number variation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the expression of energy-producing genes in relation to ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 17 patients with UC-associated adenocarcinoma (UC-Ca) and 16 without UC-associated adenocarcinoma (UC-nonCa). The copy number of mtDNA in non-dysplastic mucosa in both groups was quantified by an array-based digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Simultaneously, gene expression related to mitochondrial energy metabolism was determined by a PCR array. RESULTS We observed a higher copy number of mtDNA in non-dysplastic mucosa in the UC-Ca group compared to the UC-nonCa group (484.2 vs. 747.7 copies/cell, p=0.022). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the detection of UC-associated adenocarcinoma by mtDNA copy number were 43.8%, 100%, 100%, and 60.9%, respectively. We observed an increased expression of mitochondrial genes related to energy metabolism together with an increased copy number of mtDNA. CONCLUSION Mitochondrial function and its metabolic process play essential roles in UC carcinogenesis and are possible risk markers for the development of colitic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobunai
- Translational Research Laboratory, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamamoto
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Murono
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Otani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Yasuda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishikawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazushige Kawai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nozawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Watanabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Hou Y, Lautrup S, Cordonnier S, Wang Y, Croteau DL, Zavala E, Zhang Y, Moritoh K, O'Connell JF, Baptiste BA, Stevnsner TV, Mattson MP, Bohr VA. NAD + supplementation normalizes key Alzheimer's features and DNA damage responses in a new AD mouse model with introduced DNA repair deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1876-E1885. [PMID: 29432159 PMCID: PMC5828618 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718819115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging findings suggest that compromised cellular bioenergetics and DNA repair contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but their role in disease-defining pathology is unclear. We developed a DNA repair-deficient 3xTgAD/Polβ+/- mouse that exacerbates major features of human AD including phosphorylated Tau (pTau) pathologies, synaptic dysfunction, neuronal death, and cognitive impairment. Here we report that 3xTgAD/Polβ+/- mice have a reduced cerebral NAD+/NADH ratio indicating impaired cerebral energy metabolism, which is normalized by nicotinamide riboside (NR) treatment. NR lessened pTau pathology in both 3xTgAD and 3xTgAD/Polβ+/- mice but had no impact on amyloid β peptide (Aβ) accumulation. NR-treated 3xTgAD/Polβ+/- mice exhibited reduced DNA damage, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and increased activity of SIRT3 in the brain. NR improved cognitive function in multiple behavioral tests and restored hippocampal synaptic plasticity in 3xTgAD mice and 3xTgAD/Polβ+/- mice. In general, the deficits between genotypes and the benefits of NR were greater in 3xTgAD/Polβ+/- mice than in 3xTgAD mice. Our findings suggest a pivotal role for cellular NAD+ depletion upstream of neuroinflammation, pTau, DNA damage, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal degeneration in AD. Interventions that bolster neuronal NAD+ levels therefore have therapeutic potential for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Hou
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Sofie Lautrup
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
- Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Stephanie Cordonnier
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Eduardo Zavala
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Kanako Moritoh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Jennifer F O'Connell
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Beverly A Baptiste
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Tinna V Stevnsner
- Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224;
- Danish Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Thyagarajan B, Guan W, Fedirko V, Barcelo H, Ramasubramaian R, Gross M, Goodman M, Bostick RM. Associations of mitochondrial polymorphisms with sporadic colorectal adenoma. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:598-605. [PMID: 29323753 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Somatic mutations in mitochondrial DNA have been reported in colorectal adenomatous polyps (adenomas), the precursors to most colorectal cancers. However, there are no reports of associations of germline variation in mitochondrial DNA with adenoma risk. We investigated associations of germline polymorphisms in the displacement loop (D-loop) and non-D-loop region of the mitochondrial genome with incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma in three pooled colonoscopy-based case-control studies (n = 327 adenoma cases, 420 controls) that used identical methods for case and risk factor ascertainment. We sequenced a 1124 bp fragment to identify all genetic variation in the mitochondrial D-loop region, and used the Sequenom platform to genotype 64 tagSNPs in the non-D-loop region. We used multivariable unconditional logistic regression to estimate associations of the polymorphisms with adenoma. The odds ratios (OR) for associations of four polymorphisms in the HV1 region (mt16294, mt16296, mt16278, mt16069) with adenoma were 2.30, 2.63, 3.34, and 0.56, respectively; all 95% confidence intervals (CI) excluded 1.0, however, after correction for multiple comparisons, none of the findings remained statistically significant. Similar results were found for six polymorphisms in the non-D-loop region. In the HV1 region poly C tract, relative to those with 5 repeats, the ORs for those with fewer or more repeats were, respectively, 2.29 (95%CI 1.07-4.89) and 0.63 (95%CI 0.36-1.08), but repeat numbers in the HV2 region were not associated with adenoma. These findings suggest that mitochondrial D-loop HV1 region polymorphisms may be associated with colorectal adenoma risk and support further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Helene Barcelo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ramya Ramasubramaian
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Myron Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael Goodman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Roberd M Bostick
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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46
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Ghorbel R, Ben Salah G, Ghorbel R, Ben Mahmoud A, Chamkha I, Mkaouar-Rebai E, Ammar-Keskes L, Fakhfakh F. Do GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms influence the risk of developing mitochondrial diseases in a Tunisian population? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:5779-5787. [PMID: 29235020 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0775-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role to supply the cell with metabolic energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). As a consequence, they are also the primary source of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can cause oxidative damage of individual respiratory chain complexes. Indeed, affected OXPHOS subunits result in decreases in ATP production and increases in ROS formation which generate oxidative phosphorylation deficiency leading to mitochondrial dysfunctions. It has been suggested that ROS play a vital role in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial diseases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study which aimed to investigate the genetic variant effect of the antioxidant enzymes GSTM1 and GSTT1 on mitochondrial disease among a Tunisian population. In this report, 109 patients with mitochondrial disease and 154 healthy controls were genotyped by multiplex PCR amplification, and data were analyzed by SPSS v20 software. The results showed that GSTM1 null genotype was found to be associated with mitochondrial disease with a protective effect; however, no significant association of GSTT1 polymorphism with mitochondrial disease risk was revealed. But, interestingly, our findings highlight that GSTM1 active and GSTT1 null genotype combination increased by three fold the risk of developing mitochondrial disease with p c = 0.020, notably mitochondrial myopathy with p c = 0.046 and Leigh syndrome with p c = 0.042. In conclusion, this study suggests that GSTM1 active and GSTT1 null genotype combination might be a risk factor in developing mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raouia Ghorbel
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Ghada Ben Salah
- Unaizah Pharmacy College, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Ghorbel
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Afif Ben Mahmoud
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Chamkha
- Department of Mitochondrial Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emna Mkaouar-Rebai
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Leila Ammar-Keskes
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Faiza Fakhfakh
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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47
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Mitochondrial stress controls the radiosensitivity of the oxygen effect: Implications for radiotherapy. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21469-83. [PMID: 26894978 PMCID: PMC5008299 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been more than 60 years since the discovery of the oxygen effect that empirically demonstrates the direct association between cell radiosensitivity and oxygen tension, important parameters in radiotherapy. Yet the mechanisms underlying this principal tenet of radiobiology are poorly understood. Better understanding of the oxygen effect may explain difficulty in eliminating hypoxic tumor cells, a major cause of regrowth after therapy. Our analysis utilizes the Howard-Flanders and Alper formula, which describes the relationship of radiosensitivity with oxygen tension. Here, we assign and qualitatively assess the relative contributions of two important mechanisms. The first mechanism involves the emission of reactive oxygen species from the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which increases with oxygen tension. The second mechanism is related to an energy and repair deficit, which increases with hypoxia. Following a radiation exposure, the uncoupling of the oxidative phosphorylation system (proton leak) in mitochondria lowers the emission of reactive oxygen species which has implications for fractionated radiotherapy, particularly of hypoxic tumors. Our analysis shows that, in oxygenated tumor and normal cells, mitochondria, rather than the nucleus, are the primary loci of radiotherapy effects, especially for low linear energy transfer radiation. Therefore, the oxygen effect can be explained by radiation-induced effects in mitochondria that generate reactive oxygen species, which in turn indirectly target nuclear DNA.
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Li W, Qi Y, Cui X, Sun Y, Huo Q, Yang Y, Wen X, Tan M, Du S, Zhang H, Zhang M, Liu C, Kong Q. Heteroplasmy and Copy Number Variations of Mitochondria in 88 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Individuals. J Cancer 2017; 8:4011-4017. [PMID: 29187876 PMCID: PMC5706003 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. In this study, we had analysed the copy number variations and heteroplasmic mutations of mitochondria (MT) in 88 HCC individuals. The average copy number of MT genome in normal samples was significantly greater than that in tumor samples. Overall, the number of heteroplasmic mutations in 88 tumor and their matched normal samples were 241 and 173, respectively. There was higher positive ratio of heteroplasmic mutations in tumor samples (86%) than normal samples (73%). Worthwhile mention, ND1 gene harbored greater mutation frequency and more nonsynonymous mutations in tumor samples. Interestingly, 202 tumor-specific heteroplasmic mutations were detected. Moreover, ND1, ND3, ND4, ND5 and ND6 genes had higher ratio of nonsynonymous versus synonymous mutations in tumor-specific heteroplasmic mutations. It might suggest that the disorder of NADH dehydrogenase (complex I) resulted by heteroplasmic mutations may have close relation with tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. This study provided theoretical basis for further understanding mechanism of tumorigenesis from the perspective of mitochondrial heteroplasmic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Li
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Yanwei Qi
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Xiaofang Cui
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Yuhui Sun
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Qing Huo
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Xinyuan Wen
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | | | - Shiyi Du
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Huali Zhang
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Qingsheng Kong
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
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49
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Bradley JM, Li Z, Organ CL, Polhemus DJ, Otsuka H, Islam KN, Bhushan S, Gorodnya OM, Ruchko MV, Gillespie MN, Wilson GL, Lefer DJ. A novel mtDNA repair fusion protein attenuates maladaptive remodeling and preserves cardiac function in heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 314:H311-H321. [PMID: 29101177 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00515.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress results in mtDNA damage and contributes to myocardial cell death. mtDNA repair enzymes are crucial for mtDNA repair and cell survival. We investigated a novel, mitochondria-targeted fusion protein (Exscien1-III) containing endonuclease III in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced heart failure. Male C57/BL6J mice (10-12 wk) were subjected to 45 min of myocardial ischemia and either 24 h or 4 wk of reperfusion. Exscien1-III (4 mg/kg ip) or vehicle was administered at the time of reperfusion. Male C57/BL6J mice were subjected to TAC, and Exscien1-III (4 mg/kg i.p) or vehicle was administered daily starting at 3 wk post-TAC and continued for 12 wk. Echocardiography was performed to assess left ventricular (LV) structure and function. Exscien1-III reduced myocardial infarct size ( P < 0.01) at 24 h of reperfusion and preserved LV ejection fraction at 4 wk postmyocardial ischemia. Exscien1-III attenuated TAC-induced LV dilation and dysfunction at 6-12 wk post-TAC ( P < 0.05). Exscien1-III reduced ( P < 0.05) cardiac hypertrophy and maladaptive remodeling after TAC. Assessment of cardiac mitochondria showed that Exscien1-III localized to mitochondria and increased mitochondrial antioxidant and reduced apoptotic markers. In conclusion, our results indicate that administration of Exscien1-III provides significant protection against myocardial ischemia and preserves myocardial structure and LV performance in the setting of heart failure. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial DNA damage is a prominent feature in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we demonstrate the efficacy of a novel, mitochondria-targeted fusion protein that traffics endonuclease III specifically for mitochondrial DNA repair in two well-characterized murine models of cardiac injury and failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Bradley
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence and Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Zhen Li
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence and Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Chelsea L Organ
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence and Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - David J Polhemus
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence and Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Hiroyuki Otsuka
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence and Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kazi N Islam
- Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Shashi Bhushan
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence and Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Olena M Gorodnya
- College of Medicine, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
| | | | - Mark N Gillespie
- College of Medicine, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
| | - Glenn L Wilson
- College of Medicine, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama.,Exscien Corporation , Mobile, Alabama
| | - David J Lefer
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence and Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, Louisiana
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50
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Gajowik A, Dobrzyńska MM. The evaluation of protective effect of lycopene against genotoxic influence of X-irradiation in human blood lymphocytes. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2017; 56:413-422. [PMID: 28913689 PMCID: PMC5655585 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-017-0713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Many studies suggest that exogenous antioxidants may protect cells against DNA damage caused with ionizing radiation. One of the most powerful antioxidants is lycopene (LYC), a carotenoid derived from tomatoes. The aim of this study was to investigate, using the comet assay, whether LYC can act as protectors/modifiers and prevent DNA damage induced in human blood lymphocytes, as well as to mitigate the effects of radiation exposure. In this project, LYC, dissolved in DMSO at a concentration of 10, 20 or 40 μM/ml of cell suspension, was added to the isolated lymphocytes from human blood at appropriate intervals before or after the X-irradiation at doses of 0.5, 1 and 2 Gy. Cell viability in all groups was maintained at above 70%. The results showed the decrease of DNA damage in cells treated with various concentrations of LYC directly and 1 h before exposure to X-rays compared to the control group exposed to irradiation alone. Contrary results were observed in cells exposed to LYC immediately after exposure to ionizing radiation. The studies confirmed the protective effect of LYC against DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation, but after irradiation the carotenoid did not stimulate of DNA repair and cannot act as modifier. However, supplementation with LYC, especially at lower doses, may be useful in protection from radiation-induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Gajowik
- Department of Radiation Protection and Radiobiology, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, 24 Chocimska Street, 00-791, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata M Dobrzyńska
- Department of Radiation Protection and Radiobiology, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, 24 Chocimska Street, 00-791, Warsaw, Poland
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