1
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Li Y, Wang M, Jiang L, Jia J, Pan F, Li W, Wang B, Huang K, Luo J. SIPA1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer through STAT3 activation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34527. [PMID: 39130435 PMCID: PMC11315193 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cancer type worldwide and accounts for the second highest rate of cancer-related mortality. Liver metastasis significantly contributes to the mortality associated with CRC, but the fundamental mechanisms behind it remain unclear. Signal-induced proliferation-associated protein 1 (SIPA1), a GTPase activating protein, has been shown to promote metastasis in breast cancer. In this study, our objective was to explore the role of SIPA1 in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CRC. The analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database revealed that the expression level of SIPA1 mRNA was notably upregulated and exhibited a positively correlated with EMT and STAT3 signaling pathways in CRC. Knockdown of SIPA1 impairs CRC cell proliferation and migration. Further studies on the reliance of SIPA1 on STAT3 signaling for EMT regulation have shown that SIPA1 stimulates the activation of STAT3, resulting in its nuclear translocation. The co-treatment of overexpressed SIPA1 with the STAT3 inhibitor STTITA has shown that SIPA1 regulates the expression of EMT-related markers through STAT3. Our study indicate that SIPA1 promotes CRC metastasis by activating the STAT3 signaling pathway, underscoring the potential of SIPA1 as a therapeutic target for metastatic CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjian Li
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiehong Jia
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Pan
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Li
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Biomedical and Health Engineering Laboratory, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Biomedical and Health Engineering Laboratory, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Fang Y, Wang Q, Zhang L, Xie L. SIPA1 promotes angiogenesis by regulating VEGF secretion in Müller cells through STAT3 activation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24869. [PMID: 38312659 PMCID: PMC10834823 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent complication of diabetes that can lead to vision loss. The chronic hyperglycemia associated with DR results in damage to the retinal microvasculature. Müller cells, as a kind of macroglia, play a crucial role in regulating the retinal vascular microenvironment. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of signal-induced proliferation-associated protein 1 (SIPA1) in regulating angiogenesis in Müller cells. Through proteomics, database analysis, endothelial cell function tests, and Western blot detection, we observed an up-regulation of SIPA1 expression in Müller cells upon high glucose stimulation. SIPA1 expression contributed to VEGF secretion in Müller cells and regulated the mobility of retinal vascular endothelial cells. Further investigation of the dependence of SIPA1 on VEGF secretion revealed that SIPA1 activated the phosphorylation STAT3, leading to its translocation into the nucleus. Overexpression of SIPA1 combined with the STAT3 inhibitor STATTIC demonstrated the regulation of SIPA1 in VEGF expression, dependent on STAT3 activation. These findings suggest that SIPA1 promotes the secretion of pro-angiogenic factors in Müller cells by activating the STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby highlighting SIPA1 as a potential therapeutic target for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qionghua Wang
- Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lanyue Zhang
- Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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3
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Agarwal H, Tinsley B, Sarecha AK, Ozcan L. Rap1 in the Context of PCSK9, Atherosclerosis, and Diabetes. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:931-937. [PMID: 37979063 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The focus of this article is to highlight the importance of the small GTPase, Ras-associated protein 1 (Rap1), in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) regulation and atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes etiology and discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting Rap1 in these disease areas. REVIEW FINDINGS Cardiometabolic disease characterized by obesity, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remain an important cause of mortality. Evidence using mouse models of obesity and insulin resistance indicates that Rap1 deficiency increases proatherogenic PCSK9 and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and predisposes these mice to develop obesity- and statin-induced hyperglycemia, which highlights Rap1's role in cardiometabolic dysfunction. Rap1 may also contribute to cardiovascular disease through its effects on vascular wall cells involved in the atherosclerosis progression. Rap1 activation, specifically in the liver, could be beneficial in the prevention of cardiometabolic perturbations, including type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Brea Tinsley
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Amesh K Sarecha
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Lale Ozcan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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4
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Johansen KH, Golec DP, Okkenhaug K, Schwartzberg PL. Mind the GAP: RASA2 and RASA3 GTPase-activating proteins as gatekeepers of T cell activation and adhesion. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:917-931. [PMID: 37858490 PMCID: PMC10621891 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Following stimulation, the T cell receptor (TCR) and its coreceptors integrate multiple intracellular signals to initiate T cell proliferation, migration, gene expression, and metabolism. Among these signaling molecules are the small GTPases RAS and RAP1, which induce MAPK pathways and cellular adhesion to activate downstream effector functions. Although many studies have helped to elucidate the signaling intermediates that mediate T cell activation, the molecules and pathways that keep naive T cells in check are less understood. Several recent studies provide evidence that RASA2 and RASA3, which are GAP1-family GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) that inactivate RAS and RAP1, respectively, are crucial molecules that limit T cell activation and adhesion. In this review we describe recent data on the roles of RASA2 and RASA3 as gatekeepers of T cell activation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer H Johansen
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK; Section of Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Dominic P Golec
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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5
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Integrin Regulators in Neutrophils. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132025. [PMID: 35805108 PMCID: PMC9266208 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in humans and are critical for innate immunity and inflammation. Integrins are critical for neutrophil functions, especially for their recruitment to sites of inflammation or infections. Integrin conformational changes during activation have been heavily investigated but are still not fully understood. Many regulators, such as talin, Rap1-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM), Rap1, and kindlin, are critical for integrin activation and might be potential targets for integrin-regulating drugs in treating inflammatory diseases. In this review, we outline integrin activation regulators in neutrophils with a focus on the above critical regulators, as well as newly discovered modulators that are involved in integrin activation.
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6
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Byron A, Griffith BGC, Herrero A, Loftus AEP, Koeleman ES, Kogerman L, Dawson JC, McGivern N, Culley J, Grimes GR, Serrels B, von Kriegsheim A, Brunton VG, Frame MC. Characterisation of a nucleo-adhesome. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3053. [PMID: 35650196 PMCID: PMC9160004 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to central functions in cell adhesion signalling, integrin-associated proteins have wider roles at sites distal to adhesion receptors. In experimentally defined adhesomes, we noticed that there is clear enrichment of proteins that localise to the nucleus, and conversely, we now report that nuclear proteomes contain a class of adhesome components that localise to the nucleus. We here define a nucleo-adhesome, providing experimental evidence for a remarkable scale of nuclear localisation of adhesion proteins, establishing a framework for interrogating nuclear adhesion protein functions. Adding to nuclear FAK's known roles in regulating transcription, we now show that nuclear FAK regulates expression of many adhesion-related proteins that localise to the nucleus and that nuclear FAK binds to the adhesome component and nuclear protein Hic-5. FAK and Hic-5 work together in the nucleus, co-regulating a subset of genes transcriptionally. We demonstrate the principle that there are subcomplexes of nuclear adhesion proteins that cooperate to control transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Byron
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK.
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Billie G C Griffith
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Ana Herrero
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Alexander E P Loftus
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Emma S Koeleman
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
- Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Linda Kogerman
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - John C Dawson
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Niamh McGivern
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
- Almac Diagnostic Services, 19 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, BT63 5QD, UK
| | - Jayne Culley
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Graeme R Grimes
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Bryan Serrels
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
- NanoString Technologies, Inc., Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Valerie G Brunton
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Margaret C Frame
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
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7
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Sari-Ak D, Torres-Gomez A, Yazicioglu YF, Christofides A, Patsoukis N, Lafuente EM, Boussiotis VA. Structural, biochemical, and functional properties of the Rap1-Interacting Adaptor Molecule (RIAM). Biomed J 2021; 45:289-298. [PMID: 34601137 PMCID: PMC9250098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes, the leading players of immune system, are involved in innate and adaptive immune responses. Leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells during transmigration or to antigen presenting cells during T cell activation, requires integrin activation through a process termed inside-out integrin signaling. In hematopoietic cells, Rap1 and its downstream effector RIAM (Rap1-interacting adaptor molecule) form a cornerstone for inside-out integrin activation. The Rap1/RIAM pathway is involved in signal integration for activation, actin remodeling and cytoskeletal reorganization in T cells, as well as in myeloid cell differentiation and function. RIAM is instrumental for phagocytosis, a process requiring particle recognition, cytoskeletal remodeling and membrane protrusion for engulfment and digestion. In the present review, we discuss the structural and molecular properties of RIAM and the recent discoveries regarding the functional role of the Rap1/RIAM module in hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Sari-Ak
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey, 34668
| | - Alvaro Torres-Gomez
- School of Medicine, Unit of Immunology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yavuz-Furkan Yazicioglu
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Anthos Christofides
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215; Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215
| | - Nikolaos Patsoukis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215; Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215
| | - Esther M Lafuente
- School of Medicine, Unit of Immunology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215; Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215.
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8
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Du Y, Li S, Zhou T, Zhao J, Liu J. SIPA1 boosts migration and proliferation, and blocks apoptosis of glioma by activating the phosphorylation of the FAK signaling pathway. J Med Biochem 2021; 41:108-114. [PMID: 35431649 PMCID: PMC8970579 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-32903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to analyze the regulatory effects of SIPA1 (signal-induced proliferation-associated protein 1) on glioma progression and the dominant signaling pathway. Methods Differential level of SIPA1 in glioma and normal tissues and cells was determined. Migratory, proliferative, apoptotic and cell cycle progression changes in A172 cells with overexpression or knockdown of SIPA1 were examined. Finally, protein levels of phosphorylated FAKs in A172 cells intervened by SIPA1, and the FAK inhibitor PF562271 were detected. Results SIPA1 was upregulated in glioma cases. Knock-down of SIPA1 reduced migratory and proliferative rates of glioma cells, increased apoptotic cell rate, and declined cell ratio in the S phase. The knockdown of SIPA1 also downregulated cell cycle proteins. In addition, SIPA1 upregulated phosphorylated FAKs in A172 cells and thus boosted malignant phenotypes of glioma. Conclusions SIPA1 is upregulated in glioma that boosts migratory and proliferative potentials of glioma cells by activating the phosphorylation of the FAK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Du
- Jiamusi University, School of Basic Medicine Science, Jiamusi, China
| | - Shenglan Li
- Capital Medical University, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Department of Neuro-oncology, Cancer center, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Jiamusi University, School of Pharmacy, Jiamusi, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Clinical Laboratory, Jiamusi, China
| | - Jiguang Liu
- Jiamusi University, School of Stomatology, Jiamusi, China
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9
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Liu C, Jiang W, Zhang L, Hargest R, Martin TA. SIPA1 Is a Modulator of HGF/MET Induced Tumour Metastasis via the Regulation of Tight Junction-Based Cell to Cell Barrier Function. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1747. [PMID: 33917539 PMCID: PMC8038768 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. SIPA1 is a mitogen induced GTPase activating protein (GAP) and may hamper cell cycle progression. SIPA1 has been shown to be involved in MET signaling and may contribute to tight junction (TJ) function and cancer metastasis. METHODS Human lung tumour cohorts were analyzed. In vitro cell function assays were performed after knock down of SIPA1 in lung cancer cells with/without treatment. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting were performed to analyze expression of HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), MET, and their downstream markers. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IFC) staining were performed. RESULTS Higher expression of SIPA1 in lung tumours was associated with a poorer prognosis. Knockdown of SIPA1 decreased invasiveness and proliferation of in vitro cell lines, and the SIPA1 knockdown cells demonstrated leaky barriers. Knockdown of SIPA1 decreased tight junction-based barrier function by downregulating MET at the protein but not the transcript level, through silencing of Grb2, SOCS, and PKCμ (Protein kinase Cµ), reducing the internalization and recycling of MET. Elevated levels of SIPA1 protein are correlated with receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), especially HGF/MET and TJs. The regulation of HGF on barrier function and invasion required the presence of SIPA1. CONCLUSIONS SIPA1 plays an essential role in lung tumourigenesis and metastasis. SIPA1 may be a diagnostic and prognostic predictive biomarker. SIPA1 may also be a potential therapeutic target for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with aberrant MET expression and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (C.L.); (W.J.)
| | - Wenguo Jiang
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (C.L.); (W.J.)
| | - Lijian Zhang
- Peking University School of Oncology and Peking University Cancer Hospital, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, China;
| | - Rachel Hargest
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (C.L.); (W.J.)
| | - Tracey A. Martin
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (C.L.); (W.J.)
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10
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Ma Y, Weng J, Wang N, Zhang Y, Minato N, Su L. A novel nuclear localization region in SIPA1 determines protein nuclear distribution and epirubicin-sensitivity of breast cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:718-728. [PMID: 33753200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Signal-induced proliferation-associated protein 1 (SIPA1) is highly expressed and mainly located in the nucleus in some breast cancer cell lines and clinical tumor tissues. Previous study revealed that nuclear localization of SIPA1 is functionally involved in breast cancer metastasis in the lymphatic gland. In the current study, we identified a non-typical region (140-179aa) of SIPA1 as a novel nuclear localization region (NLR) which is crucial for translocating the proteins into the nucleus in HEK293 cells and breast cancer cells. This region contained one basic amino acid, His160, and had no common features of typical nuclear localization signals. In addition, overexpressing SIPA1 without NLR could suppress breast cancer cell proliferation but could not promote cell migration in MCF7 cells. Furthermore, we found that a high expression of SIPA1 upregulated the expression of ABCB1, encoding multi-drug resistance protein MDR1, and promoted the resistance to epirubicin in breast cancer cells, while this effect was largely abolished in the cells with the expression of NLR-deleted SIPA1. This study overall, identified a nuclear localization-dependent region determining the nuclear distribution of SIPA1 and its regulation on epirubicin-sensitivity in breast cancer cells, which could be a potential drug target to facilitate the development of breast cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun Weng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nagahiro Minato
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Li Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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11
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Liu C, Jiang WG, Hargest R, Martin TA. The role of SIPA1 in the development of cancer and metastases (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 13:32. [PMID: 32789016 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of mortality and the majority of deaths are due to metastases. Many molecules have been implicated in the development of metastases. Signal induced proliferation associated protein 1 (SIPA1), a mitogen-inducible gene, has been demonstrated to be involved in the metastasis of various solid tumours and may indicate a poor prognosis. Polymorphisms of SIPA1 can be associated with several different types of cancer and interactions between SIPA1 and binding molecules integrate a series of cellular functions, which may promote the development and metastasis of cancer. The mechanisms by which SIPA1 promotes the development and metastasis of cancer varies among tumour types. The present review describes the structure, function and regulation of SIPA1 and focuses on its role in cancer metastasis. Possibilities for future research and the clinical application of SIPA1 are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Wen Guo Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Hargest
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey Amanda Martin
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
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12
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Lu A, Wang W, Wang-Renault SF, Ring BZ, Tanaka Y, Weng J, Su L. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine advances the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells by demethylating Sipa1 promoter-proximal elements. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.236125. [PMID: 32193333 PMCID: PMC7240297 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.236125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human breast cancer cells exhibit considerable diversity in the methylation status of genomic DNA CpGs that regulate metastatic transcriptome networks. In this study, we identified human Sipa1 promoter-proximal elements that contained a CpG island and demonstrated that the methylation status of the CpG island was inversely correlated with SIPA1 protein expression in cancer cells. 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, promoted the expression of Sipa1 in the MCF7 breast cancer cells with a low level of SIPA1 expression. On the contrary, in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with high SIPA1 expression levels, hypermethylation of the CpG island negatively regulated the transcription of Sipa1. In addition, the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) was reversed after knocking down Sipa1 in MDA-MB-231 cells. However, the EMT was promoted in MCF7 cells with over-expression of SIPA1 or treated with 5-Aza-CdR. Taken together, hypomethylation of the CpG island in Sipa1 promoter-proximal elements could enhance SIPA1 expression in breast cancer cells, which could facilitate EMT of cancer cells, possibly increasing a risk of cancer cell metastasis in individuals treated with 5-Aza-CdR. Summary: Hypomethylation by 5-Aza-CdR upregulates the SIPA1 expression and promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells, possibly increasing the risk of cancer cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shu-Fang Wang-Renault
- INSERM UMR-S1147, CNRS SNC5014; Paris Descartes University, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris 75006, France
| | - Brian Z Ring
- Institute of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Jun Weng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Li Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China .,Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518063, China
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13
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Sauter RJ, Sauter M, Reis ES, Emschermann FN, Nording H, Ebenhöch S, Kraft P, Münzer P, Mauler M, Rheinlaender J, Madlung J, Edlich F, Schäffer TE, Meuth SG, Duerschmied D, Geisler T, Borst O, Gawaz M, Kleinschnitz C, Lambris JD, Langer HF. Functional Relevance of the Anaphylatoxin Receptor C3aR for Platelet Function and Arterial Thrombus Formation Marks an Intersection Point Between Innate Immunity and Thrombosis. Circulation 2019; 138:1720-1735. [PMID: 29802205 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.034600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets have distinct roles in the vascular system in that they are the major mediator of thrombosis, critical for restoration of tissue integrity, and players in vascular inflammatory conditions. In close spatiotemporal proximity, the complement system acts as the first line of defense against invading microorganisms and is a key mediator of inflammation. Whereas the fluid phase cross-talk between the complement and coagulation systems is well appreciated, the understanding of the pathophysiological implications of such interactions is still scant. METHODS We analyzed coexpression of the anaphylatoxin receptor C3aR with activated glycoprotein IIb/IIIa on platelets of 501 patients with coronary artery disease using flow cytometry; detected C3aR expression in human or murine specimen by polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, or flow cytometry; and examined the importance of platelet C3aR by various in vitro platelet function tests, in vivo bleeding time, and intravital microscopy. The pathophysiological relevance of C3aR was scrutinized with the use of disease models of myocardial infarction and stroke. To approach underlying molecular mechanisms, we identified the platelet small GTPase Rap1b using nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS We found a strong positive correlation of platelet complement C3aR expression with activated glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in patients with coronary artery disease and coexpression of C3aR with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in thrombi obtained from patients with myocardial infarction. Our results demonstrate that the C3a/C3aR axis on platelets regulates distinct steps of thrombus formation such as platelet adhesion, spreading, and Ca2+ influx. Using C3aR-/- mice or C3-/- mice with reinjection of C3a, we uncovered that the complement activation fragment C3a regulates bleeding time after tail injury and thrombosis. Notably, C3aR-/- mice were less prone to experimental stroke and myocardial infarction. Furthermore, reconstitution of C3aR-/- mice with C3aR+/+ platelets and platelet depletion experiments demonstrated that the observed effects on thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke were specifically caused by platelet C3aR. Mechanistically, C3aR-mediated signaling regulates the activation of Rap1b and thereby bleeding arrest after injury and in vivo thrombus formation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings uncover a novel function of the anaphylatoxin C3a for platelet function and thrombus formation, highlighting a detrimental role of imbalanced complement activation in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard J Sauter
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Clinic (R.J.S., H.N., P.M., T.G., O.B., M.G., H.F.L.), Eberhard Karls-University Tübingen, Germany.,Section for Cardioimmunology (R.J.S., M.S., F.N.E., H.N., S.E., H.F.L.), Eberhard Karls-University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Sauter
- Section for Cardioimmunology (R.J.S., M.S., F.N.E., H.N., S.E., H.F.L.), Eberhard Karls-University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Edimara S Reis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (E.S.R., J.D.L.)
| | - Frederic N Emschermann
- Section for Cardioimmunology (R.J.S., M.S., F.N.E., H.N., S.E., H.F.L.), Eberhard Karls-University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Henry Nording
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Clinic (R.J.S., H.N., P.M., T.G., O.B., M.G., H.F.L.), Eberhard Karls-University Tübingen, Germany.,Section for Cardioimmunology (R.J.S., M.S., F.N.E., H.N., S.E., H.F.L.), Eberhard Karls-University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sonja Ebenhöch
- Section for Cardioimmunology (R.J.S., M.S., F.N.E., H.N., S.E., H.F.L.), Eberhard Karls-University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Germany (P.K.)
| | - Patrick Münzer
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Clinic (R.J.S., H.N., P.M., T.G., O.B., M.G., H.F.L.), Eberhard Karls-University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Mauler
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University and Faculty of Medicine (M.M., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Rheinlaender
- Institute of Applied Physics (J.R., T.E.S.), Eberhard Karls-University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Madlung
- Proteom Center, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology (J.M.), Eberhard Karls-University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Edlich
- Institute of Biochemistry (F.E.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany (F.E.).,BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Germany (F.E.)
| | - Tilman E Schäffer
- Institute of Applied Physics (J.R., T.E.S.), Eberhard Karls-University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Germany (S.G.M.)
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University and Faculty of Medicine (M.M., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Geisler
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Clinic (R.J.S., H.N., P.M., T.G., O.B., M.G., H.F.L.), Eberhard Karls-University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Borst
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Clinic (R.J.S., H.N., P.M., T.G., O.B., M.G., H.F.L.), Eberhard Karls-University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Clinic (R.J.S., H.N., P.M., T.G., O.B., M.G., H.F.L.), Eberhard Karls-University Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (E.S.R., J.D.L.)
| | - Harald F Langer
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Clinic (R.J.S., H.N., P.M., T.G., O.B., M.G., H.F.L.), Eberhard Karls-University Tübingen, Germany.,Section for Cardioimmunology (R.J.S., M.S., F.N.E., H.N., S.E., H.F.L.), Eberhard Karls-University Tübingen, Germany
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14
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Tao F, Beecham GW, Rebelo AP, Svaren J, Blanton SH, Moran JJ, Lopez-Anido C, Morrow JM, Abreu L, Rizzo D, Kirk CA, Wu X, Feely S, Verhamme C, Saporta MA, Herrmann DN, Day JW, Sumner CJ, Lloyd TE, Li J, Yum SW, Taroni F, Baas F, Choi BO, Pareyson D, Scherer SS, Reilly MM, Shy ME, Züchner S. Variation in SIPA1L2 is correlated with phenotype modification in Charcot- Marie- Tooth disease type 1A. Ann Neurol 2019; 85:316-330. [PMID: 30706531 PMCID: PMC7263419 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic modifiers in rare disease have long been suspected to contribute to the considerable variance in disease expression, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A). To address this question, the Inherited Neuropathy Consortium collected a large standardized sample of such rare CMT1A patients over a period of 8 years. CMT1A is caused in most patients by a uniformly sized 1.5 Mb duplication event involving the gene PMP22. METHODS We genotyped DNA samples from 971 CMT1A patients on Illumina BeadChips. Genome-wide analysis was performed in a subset of 330 of these patients, who expressed the extremes of a hallmark symptom: mild and severe foot dorsiflexion strength impairment. SIPA1L2 (signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 like 2), the top identified candidate modifier gene, was expressed in the peripheral nerve, and our functional studies identified and confirmed interacting proteins using coimmunoprecipitation analysis, mass spectrometry, and immunocytochemistry. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and in vitro siRNA experiments were used to analyze gene regulation. RESULTS We identified significant association of 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs10910527, rs7536385, rs4649265, rs1547740) in SIPA1L2 with foot dorsiflexion strength (p < 1 × 10-7 ). Coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectroscopy studies identified β-actin and MYH9 as SIPA1L2 binding partners. Furthermore, we show that SIPA1L2 is part of a myelination-associated coexpressed network regulated by the master transcription factor SOX10. Importantly, in vitro knockdown of SIPA1L2 in Schwannoma cells led to a significant reduction of PMP22 expression, hinting at a potential strategy for drug development. INTERPRETATION SIPA1L2 is a potential genetic modifier of CMT1A phenotypic expressions and offers a new pathway to therapeutic interventions. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:316-330.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Tao
- Department for Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Gary W Beecham
- Department for Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Adriana P Rebelo
- Department for Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - John Svaren
- Department of Comparative Biosciences and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Susan H Blanton
- Department for Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - John J Moran
- Department of Comparative Biosciences and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Camila Lopez-Anido
- Department of Comparative Biosciences and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Jasper M Morrow
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Abreu
- Department for Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Devon Rizzo
- Data Management and Coordinating Center, Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network, Pediatrics Epidemiology Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Callyn A Kirk
- Data Management and Coordinating Center, Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network, Pediatrics Epidemiology Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Xingyao Wu
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Shawna Feely
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Camiel Verhamme
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - John W Day
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Charlotte J Sumner
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thomas E Lloyd
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Sabrina W Yum
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Franco Taroni
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Davide Pareyson
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Steven S Scherer
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mary M Reilly
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael E Shy
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Stephan Züchner
- Department for Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL
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15
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Sipa1 deficiency-induced bone marrow niche alterations lead to the initiation of myeloproliferative neoplasm. Blood Adv 2019. [PMID: 29514790 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017013599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of signal-induced proliferation-associated gene 1 (SIPA1), a RAP1 GTPase-activating protein, were reported in patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, a childhood myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN). Sipa1 deficiency in mice leads to the development of age-dependent MPN. However, Sipa1 expression in bone marrow (BM) microenvironment and its effect on the pathogenesis of MPN remain unclear. We here report that Sipa1 is expressed in human and mouse BM stromal cells and downregulated in these cells from patients with MPN or MDS/MPN at diagnosis. By using the Sipa1-/- MPN mouse model, we find that Sipa1 deletion causes phenotypic and functional alterations of BM mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells prior to the initiation of the MPN. Importantly, the altered Sipa1-/- BM niche is required for the development of MDS/MPN following transplantation of normal hematopoietic cells. RNA sequencing reveals an enhanced inflammatory cytokine signaling and dysregulated Dicer1, Kitl, Angptl1, Cxcl12, and Thpo in the Sipa1-/- BM cellular niches. Our data suggest that Sipa1 expression in the BM niche is critical for maintaining BM niche homeostasis. Moreover, Sipa1 loss-induced BM niche alterations likely enable evolution of clonal hematopoiesis to the hematological malignancies. Therefore, restoring Sipa1 expression or modulating the altered signaling pathways involved might offer therapeutic potential for MPN.
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16
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Liu B, Pjanic M, Wang T, Nguyen T, Gloudemans M, Rao A, Castano VG, Nurnberg S, Rader DJ, Elwyn S, Ingelsson E, Montgomery SB, Miller CL, Quertermous T. Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms of Smooth Muscle Cells Map to Coronary Artery Disease Risk Loci. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:377-388. [PMID: 30146127 PMCID: PMC6128252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death globally. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified more than 95 independent loci that influence CAD risk, most of which reside in non-coding regions of the genome. To interpret these loci, we generated transcriptome and whole-genome datasets using human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs) from 52 unrelated donors, as well as epigenomic datasets using ATAC-seq on a subset of 8 donors. Through systematic comparison with publicly available datasets from GTEx and ENCODE projects, we identified transcriptomic, epigenetic, and genetic regulatory mechanisms specific to HCASMCs. We assessed the relevance of HCASMCs to CAD risk using transcriptomic and epigenomic level analyses. By jointly modeling eQTL and GWAS datasets, we identified five genes (SIPA1, TCF21, SMAD3, FES, and PDGFRA) that may modulate CAD risk through HCASMCs, all of which have relevant functional roles in vascular remodeling. Comparison with GTEx data suggests that SIPA1 and PDGFRA influence CAD risk predominantly through HCASMCs, while other annotated genes may have multiple cell and tissue targets. Together, these results provide tissue-specific and mechanistic insights into the regulation of a critical vascular cell type associated with CAD in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxiang Liu
- Department of Biology, School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Milos Pjanic
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Gloudemans
- Biomedical Informatics Training Program, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Abhiram Rao
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Victor G Castano
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sylvia Nurnberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Susannah Elwyn
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephen B Montgomery
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Clint L Miller
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Biochemistry and Genetics, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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17
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Zhao J, Mai C, Weng D, Chen C, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Wang P. Reduced expression of Rap1GAP as a prognostic biomarker for primary gastric cancer patients. Cancer Biomark 2018; 22:375-384. [PMID: 29758923 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rap1GAP, a member of the family of GTPase-activating proteins, is reported to be involved in cancer development and progression. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the expression and prognostic value of Rap1GAP in gastric cancer patients. METHODS Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to examine Rap1GAP expression in tumorous and matched adjacent non-tumorous gastric tissues. Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze Rap1GAP expression in 456 gastric cancer tissues. The correlation between Rap1GAP expression level and clinicopathological features as well as gastric cancer prognosis was analyzed. RESULTS Rap1GAP expression was remarkably decreased in tumor tissues at mRNA (p= 0.012) and protein (p= 0.034) level. Clinicopathological analysis revealed that low Rap1GAP expression was significantly correlated with tumor size (p= 0.033), histological grade (p= 0.034), T classification (p= 0.012), N classification (p= 0.006) and clinical stage (p= 0.005). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed the association between low Rap1GAP expression and poor survival in gastric cancer patients. Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that Rap1GAP expression was an independent prognostic factor (p= 0.02). CONCLUSION Rap1GAP may play a significant role in gastric cancer progression and act as a valuable prognostic marker for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Mai
- Department of Abdominal Oncosurgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Desheng Weng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changlong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziqi Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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18
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Wang JC, Lee JYJ, Dang-Lawson M, Pritchard C, Gold MR. The Rap2c GTPase facilitates B cell receptor-induced reorientation of the microtubule-organizing center. Small GTPases 2018; 11:402-412. [PMID: 29457987 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2018.1441626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
When B lymphocytes encounter antigen-bearing surfaces, B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling initiates remodeling of the F-actin network and reorientation of the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) towards the antigen contact site. We have previously shown that the Rap1 GTPase, an evolutionarily conserved regulator of cell polarity, is essential for these processes and that Rap1-regulated actin remodeling is required for MTOC polarization. The role of Rap2 proteins in establishing cell polarity is not well understood. We now show that depleting Rap2c, the only Rap2 isoform expressed in the A20 B-cell line, impairs BCR-induced MTOC reorientation as well as the actin remodeling that supports MTOC polarization. Thus Rap1 and Rap2 proteins may have similar but non-redundant functions in coupling the BCR to MTOC polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia C Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and the Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeff Y-J Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and the Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - May Dang-Lawson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and the Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Caitlin Pritchard
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and the Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Gold
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and the Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada
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19
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Qu Z, Gao F, Li L, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Yu L, Zhou Y, Zheng H, Tong W, Li G, Tong G. Label-Free Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Membrane Proteins of Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages Infected with Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and Its Attenuated Strain. Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 29052333 PMCID: PMC6084361 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significant differences exist between the highly pathogenic (HP) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and its attenuated pathogenic (AP) strain in the ability to infect host cells. The mechanisms by which different virulent strains invade host cells remain relatively unknown. In this study, pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) are infected with HP‐PRRSV (HuN4) and AP‐PRRSV (HuN4‐F112) for 24 h, then harvested and subjected to label‐free quantitative MS. A total of 2849 proteins are identified, including 95 that are differentially expressed. Among them, 26 proteins are located on the membrane. The most differentially expressed proteins are involved in response to stimulus, metabolic process, and immune system process, which mainly have the function of binding and catalytic activity. Cluster of differentiation CD163, vimentin (VIM), and nmII as well as detected proteins are assessed together by string analysis, which elucidated a potentially different infection mechanism. According to the function annotations, PRRSV with different virulence may mainly differ in immunology, inflammation, immune evasion as well as cell apoptosis. This is the first attempt to explore the differential characteristics between HP‐PRRSV and its attenuated PRRSV infected PAMs focusing on membrane proteins which will be of great help to further understand the different infective mechanisms of HP‐PRRSV and AP‐PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Qu
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Li
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Jiang
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lingxue Yu
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wu Tong
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P. R. China
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20
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Lee M, Crawford NPS. Defining the Influence of Germline Variation on Metastasis Using Systems Genetics Approaches. Adv Cancer Res 2016; 132:73-109. [PMID: 27613130 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is estimated to be responsible for 8 million deaths worldwide and over half a million deaths every year in the United States. The majority of cancer-related deaths in solid tumors is directly associated with the effects of metastasis. While the influence of germline factors on cancer risk and development has long been recognized, the contribution of hereditary variation to tumor progression and metastasis has only gained acceptance more recently. A variety of approaches have been used to define how hereditary variation influences tumor progression and metastasis. One approach that garnered much early attention was epidemiological studies of cohorts of cancer patients, which demonstrated that specific loci within the human genome are associated with a differential propensity for aggressive tumor development. However, a powerful, and somewhat underutilized approach has been the use of systems genetics approaches in transgenic mouse models of human cancer. Such approaches are typically multifaceted, and involve integration of multiple lines of evidence derived, for example, from genetic and transcriptomic screens of genetically diverse mouse models of cancer, coupled with bioinformatics analysis of human cancer datasets, and functional analysis of candidate genes. These methodologies have allowed for the identification of multiple hereditary metastasis susceptibility genes, with wide-ranging cellular functions including regulation of gene transcription, cell proliferation, and cell-cell adhesion. In this chapter, we review how each of these approaches have facilitated the identification of these hereditary metastasis modifiers, the molecular functions of these metastasis-associated genes, and the implications of these findings upon patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lee
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - N P S Crawford
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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21
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Devaiah BN, Gegonne A, Singer DS. Bromodomain 4: a cellular Swiss army knife. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:679-686. [PMID: 27450555 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2ri0616-250r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain protein 4 (BRD4) is a transcriptional and epigenetic regulator that plays a pivotal role in cancer and inflammatory diseases. BRD4 binds and stays associated with chromatin during mitosis, bookmarking early G1 genes and reactivating transcription after mitotic silencing. BRD4 plays an important role in transcription, both as a passive scaffold via its recruitment of vital transcription factors and as an active kinase that phosphorylates RNA polymerase II, directly and indirectly regulating transcription. Through its HAT activity, BRD4 contributes to the maintenance of chromatin structure and nucleosome clearance. This review summarizes the known functions of BRD4 and proposes a model in which BRD4 actively coordinates chromatin structure and transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ballachanda N Devaiah
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne Gegonne
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dinah S Singer
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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22
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The Rap1-RIAM-talin axis of integrin activation and blood cell function. Blood 2016; 128:479-87. [PMID: 27207789 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-12-638700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin adhesion receptors mediate the adhesion of blood cells, such as leukocytes, to other cells, such as endothelial cells. Integrins also are critical for anchorage of hematopoietic precursors to the extracellular matrix. Blood cells can dynamically regulate the affinities of integrins for their ligands ("activation"), an event central to their functions. Here we review recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of integrin activation with a focus on the functions of blood cells. We discuss how talin binding to the integrin β cytoplasmic domain, in conjunction with the plasma membrane, induces long-range allosteric rearrangements that lead to integrin activation. Second, we review our understanding of how signaling events, particularly those involving Rap1 small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)hydrolases, can regulate the talin-integrin interaction and resulting activation. Third, we review recent findings that highlight the role of the Rap1-GTP-interacting adapter molecule (RIAM), encoded by the APBB1IP gene, in leukocyte integrin activation and consequently in leukocyte trafficking.
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Zhang P, Wang X. Suppression of SIPA-1 expression may reduce bladder cancer invasion and metastasis via the downregulation of E-cadherin and ZO-1. Exp Ther Med 2015; 11:213-217. [PMID: 26889242 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the capacity of signal-induced proliferation-associated protein 1 (SIPA-1) to regulate bladder cancer cell invasion and metastasis. BIU-87 and T24 cells were transfected with the SIPA gene and SIPA short hairpin (sh)RNA, respectively. Western blot analysis was conducted to analyze the expression levels of SIPA-1, Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1), Rap1 guanosine triphosphate (Rap1GTP), E-cadherin and zona occludens-1 (ZO-1). Cell motility and invasion were evaluated in vitro using wound and Transwell assays. Transfected cells were inoculated into the pelvic region of BALB/c nude mice, and the number of resulting tumors was recorded after 6 weeks. Western blot analysis revealed that expression levels of E-cadherin and ZO-1 were reduced in the cells with enhanced levels of SIPA-1. By contrast, the levels of E-cadherin and ZO-1 were elevated in the cells in which SIPA-1 was knocked down. In comparison with untransfected cells, the cells with reduced levels of SIPA-1 exhibited reduced wound closure and fewer cells crossed the chamber in the Transwell experiment, whereas the cells with enhanced levels of SIPA-1 exhibited increased migration and invasion In vivo, an increased tumor count was obtained in the mice with elevated levels of SIPA-1. Therefore, the results of the present study indicate that SIPA-1 is able to regulate bladder cancer cell metastasis and invasion by reducing the expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China; Department of Urology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First Clinical Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443003, P.R. China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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SIPA1L3 identified by linkage analysis and whole-exome sequencing as a novel gene for autosomal recessive congenital cataract. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1627-33. [PMID: 25804400 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cataract (CC) is one of the most important causes for blindness or visual impairment in infancy. A substantial proportion of isolated CCs has monogenic causes. The disease is genetically heterogeneous, and all Mendelian modes of inheritance have been reported. We mapped a locus for isolated CC on 19p13.1-q13.2 in a distantly consanguineous German family with two sisters affected by dense white cataracts. Whole-exome sequencing identified a homozygous nonsense variant c.4489C>T (p.(R1497*)) in SIPA1L3 (signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 like 3) in both affected children. SIPA1L3 encodes a GTPase-activating protein (GAP), which interacts with small GTPases of the Rap family via its Rap-GAP-domain. The suggested role of Rap GTPases in cell growth, differentiation and organization of the cytoskeleton in the human lens, and lens-enriched expression of the murine ortholog gene Sipa1l3 in embryonic mice indicates that this gene is crucial for early lens development. Our results provide evidence that sequence variants in human SIPA1L3 cause autosomal recessive isolated CC and give new insight into the molecular pathogenesis underlying human cataracts.
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The SIPA1 -313A>G polymorphism is associated with prognosis in inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:1273-8. [PMID: 25352027 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphism in signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 (SIPA1) gene may contribute to the development of metastasis in human cancers. In this preliminary study, we examined the association of the SIPA1 -313A>G (rs931127) polymorphism with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in 351 inoperable patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy (curative or palliative). The GG homozygotes had significantly shorter PFS under codominant and recessive models in all patients (hazard ratio (HR) 1.47, p = 0.035, and HR 1.47, p = 0.022, respectively) and in advanced stage subgroup (HR 1.49, p = 0.037, and HR 1.48, p = 0.023, respectively). The GG genotype was also associated with reduced OS and PFS (codominant model: HR 2.41, p = 0.020, and HR 2.34, p = 0.020, respectively; recessive model: HR 2.16, p = 0.026, and HR 2.18, p = 0.022, respectively) in radiotherapy alone subgroup. Moreover, the SIPA1 -313GG was identified as an independent adverse prognostic factor for PFS in the cohort. Our results indicate, for the first time, that the SIPA1 -313A>G may have a prognostic role in unresected NSCLC making it a potential predictor of poor survival due to earlier progression.
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Gasper R, Sot B, Wittinghofer A. GTPase activity of Di-Ras proteins is stimulated by Rap1GAP proteins. Small GTPases 2014; 1:133-141. [PMID: 21686267 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.1.3.14742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ras family is the largest and most diverse sub-group of Ras-like G proteins. This complexity is further increased by the high number of regulatory Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factors (GEFs) and GTPase Activating Proteins (GAPs) that target specific members of this subfamily. Di-Ras1 and Di-Ras2 are little characterized members of the Ras-like sub-group with still unidentified regulatory and effector proteins. Here we determined the nucleotide binding properties of Di-Ras1/Di-Ras2. The above nanomolar affinity and the inability to react with members of the Cdc25 RasGEF family might suggest that activation does not require a GEF. We identified Rap1GAP1 and Rap1GAP2 as specific GTPase activating proteins of the Di-Ras family. Dual-specificity GAPs of the GAP1(m) family could not activate Di-Ras proteins, despite the presence of the required catalytic residue. Although Di-Ras proteins share GAPs with Rap G proteins, no common effectors could be identified in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Gasper
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Abteilung Strukturelle Biologie; Dortmund, Germany
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27
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Nuclear SIPA1 activates integrin β1 promoter and promotes invasion of breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2014; 34:1451-62. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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28
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Alsarraj J, Faraji F, Geiger TR, Mattaini KR, Williams M, Wu J, Ha NH, Merlino T, Walker RC, Bosley AD, Xiao Z, Andresson T, Esposito D, Smithers N, Lugo D, Prinjha R, Day A, Crawford NPS, Ozato K, Gardner K, Hunter KW. BRD4 short isoform interacts with RRP1B, SIPA1 and components of the LINC complex at the inner face of the nuclear membrane. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80746. [PMID: 24260471 PMCID: PMC3834312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that BET inhibitors are effective anti-cancer therapeutics. Here we show that BET inhibitors are effective against murine primary mammary tumors, but not pulmonary metastases. BRD4, a target of BET inhibitors, encodes two isoforms with opposite effects on tumor progression. To gain insights into why BET inhibition was ineffective against metastases the pro-metastatic short isoform of BRD4 was characterized using mass spectrometry and cellular fractionation. Our data show that the pro-metastatic short isoform interacts with the LINC complex and the metastasis-associated proteins RRP1B and SIPA1 at the inner face of the nuclear membrane. Furthermore, histone binding arrays revealed that the short isoform has a broader acetylated histone binding pattern relative to the long isoform. These differential biochemical and nuclear localization properties revealed in our study provide novel insights into the opposing roles of BRD4 isoforms in metastatic breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Alsarraj
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Farhoud Faraji
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. Geiger
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Katherine R. Mattaini
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mia Williams
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Josephine Wu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ngoc-Han Ha
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tyler Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Renard C. Walker
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Allen D. Bosley
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhen Xiao
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dominic Esposito
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Smithers
- Epinova DPU and Quantitative Pharmacology, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Lugo
- Epinova DPU and Quantitative Pharmacology, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Rab Prinjha
- Epinova DPU and Quantitative Pharmacology, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Anup Day
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nigel P. S. Crawford
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin Gardner
- Genetic Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kent W. Hunter
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Pei R, Xu Y, Wei Y, Ouyang T, Li J, Wang T, Fan Z, Fan T, Lin B, Xie Y. Association of SIPA1 545 C > T polymorphism with survival in Chinese women with metastatic breast cancer. Front Med 2013; 7:138-42. [PMID: 23358895 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-013-0247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of SIPA1 (signal-induced proliferation associated gene 1) are associated with metastatic efficiency in both human and rodents. The purpose of this study was to determine whether SIPA1 545 C > T polymorphism was associated with overall survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer. In this study, SIPA1 545 C > T polymorphism was detected in 185 metastatic breast cancer patients using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay (PCR-RFLP). Survival curves for patients with SIPA1 545 C > T polymorphism was compared using the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank tests. We found that SIPA1 545 C > T polymorphism was significantly associated with survival in 185 patients with metastatic breast cancer. Patients with SIPA1 545 T/T genotype had a significantly worse overall survival (OS) than did patients with C/T or C/C genotype (50.0% vs. 62.9%, P = 0.042). Moreover, in multivariate analysis, as compared with the C/C or C/T genotype, the T/T genotype remained an independent unfavorable prognostic marker of OS in this cohort (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.12-4.15; P = 0.022). Our findings indicate that metastatic breast cancer patients with SIPA1 545 T/T genotype have a poorer survival compared to patients with C/C or C/T genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renling Pei
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Breast Center, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100142, China
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Kang KL, Lee SW, Ahn YS, Kim SH, Kang YG. Bioinformatic analysis of responsive genes in two-dimension and three-dimension cultured human periodontal ligament cells subjected to compressive stress. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:87-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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31
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Dorn A, Zoellner A, Follo M, Martin S, Weber F, Marks R, Melchinger W, Zeiser R, Fisch P, Scheele JS. Rap1a deficiency modifies cytokine responses and MAPK-signaling in vitro and impairs the in vivo inflammatory response. Cell Immunol 2012; 276:187-95. [PMID: 22695258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rap1, which is closely related to ras, plays a key role in T-cell receptor (TCR)-signaling. TCR-stimulation without costimulation leads to constitutively activated rap1, which may mediate T-cell anergy via inhibition of ras-dependent induction of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK). This activation is mediated by a second protein kinase b-Raf. Rap1-GTP is thought to activate ERK in a ras-independent manner by binding b-raf. Generally, T cells do not express b-raf while they express the adaptor protein raf-1, which is usually sequestered by rap1 leading to inhibition of ras-mediated ERK activation. In this study, we demonstrate that in rap1-deficient T cells, signaling by the ERK and p38 kinases is increased following activation by different stimuli leading to increased intracellular accumulation and secretion of cytokines. In addition, in a hypersensitivity model rap1-deficient mice demonstrated reduced contact dermatitis compared to wildtype mice, demonstrating the impact of rap1-deficiency on the inflammatory response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Dorn
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Inhibitory effects of Rap1GAP overexpression on proliferation and migration of endothelial cells via ERK and Akt pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 31:721-727. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-011-0667-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Sayner SL. Emerging themes of cAMP regulation of the pulmonary endothelial barrier. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 300:L667-78. [PMID: 21335524 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00433.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of excess fluid in the interstitium and air spaces of the lung presents severe restrictions to gas exchange. The pulmonary endothelial barrier regulates the flux of fluid and plasma proteins from the vascular space into the underlying tissue. The integrity of this endothelial barrier is dynamically regulated by transitions in cAMP (3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate), which are synthesized in discrete subcellular compartments. Cyclic AMP generated in the subplasma membrane compartment acts through PKA and Epac (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP) to tighten cell adhesions, strengthen cortical actin, reduce actomyosin contraction, and decrease permeability. Confining cAMP within the subplasma membrane space is critical to its barrier-protective properties. When cAMP escapes the near membrane compartment and gains access to the cytosolic compartment, or when soluble adenylyl cyclases generate cAMP within the cytosolic compartment, this second messenger activates established cytosolic cAMP signaling cascades to perturb the endothelial barrier through PKA-mediated disruption of microtubules. Thus the concept of cAMP compartmentalization in endothelial barrier regulation is gaining momentum and new possibilities are being unveiled for cytosolic cAMP signaling with the emergence of the bicarbonate-regulated mammalian soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC or AC10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Sayner
- Dept. of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Member, Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, Univ. of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
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Rikitake Y, Takai Y. Directional Cell Migration. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 287:97-143. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386043-9.00003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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35
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Awasthi A, Samarakoon A, Chu H, Kamalakannan R, Quilliam LA, Chrzanowska-Wodnicka M, White GC, Malarkannan S. Rap1b facilitates NK cell functions via IQGAP1-mediated signalosomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 207:1923-38. [PMID: 20733035 PMCID: PMC2931159 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rap1 GTPases control immune synapse formation and signaling in lymphocytes. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which Rap1 regulates natural killer (NK) cell activation is not known. Using Rap1a or Rap1b knockout mice, we identify Rap1b as the major isoform in NK cells. Its absence significantly impaired LFA1 polarization, spreading, and microtubule organizing center (MTOC) formation in NK cells. Neither Rap1 isoform was essential for NK cytotoxicity. However, absence of Rap1b impaired NKG2D, Ly49D, and NCR1-mediated cytokine and chemokine production. Upon activation, Rap1b colocalized with the scaffolding protein IQGAP1. This interaction facilitated sequential phosphorylation of B-Raf, C-Raf, and ERK1/2 and helped IQGAP1 to form a large signalosome in the perinuclear region. These results reveal a previously unrecognized role for Rap1b in NK cell signaling and effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Awasthi
- Molecular Immunology, Blood Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Abstract
Small Rap guanosine-tri-phosphate (GTP)ases are crucially involved in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, adhesion and movement. In line, it has been shown that Rap signalling is involved in various aspects of neuronal differentiation, like the establishment of neuronal polarity or axonal growth cone movement. Rap GTPases can be activated by a wide variety of external stimuli, and this is mediated by specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RapGEFs). Inactivation of RapGTP can be achieved with the aid of specific GTPase-activating proteins (RapGAPs). In the brain, the most prominent RapGAPs are Rap1GAP and those of the spine-associated RapGAP (SPAR) family. This latter family consists of three members (SPAR1-3), from which two of them, namely SPAR1 and 2, have been investigated in more detail. As such, the localization of RapGAPs is crucially important in regulating Rap signalling at various sites in the cell and, for both SPAR1 and 2, enrichment at synaptic sites has been demonstrated. In recent years particularly the role of SPAR1 in shaping dendritic spine morphology has attracted considerable interest. In this review we will summarize the described actions of different RapGAPs expressed in the brain, and we will focus in particular on the SPAR family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Spilker
- Project Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
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Minato N. Rap signaling in normal lymphocyte development and leukemia genesis. Immune Netw 2010; 9:35-40. [PMID: 20107541 PMCID: PMC2803306 DOI: 10.4110/in.2009.9.2.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Rap GTPases of the Ras family remained enigmatic for years, extensive studies in this decade have revealed diverse functions of Rap signaling in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, adhesion, and movement. With the use of gene-engineered mice, we have uncovered essential roles of endogenous Rap signaling in normal lymphocyte development of both T- and B-lineage cells. Deregulation of Rap signaling, on the other hand, results in the development of characteristic leukemia in manners highly dependent on the contexts of cell lineages. These results highlight crucial roles of Rap signaling in the physiology and pathology of lymphocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagahiro Minato
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Brooks R, Kizer N, Nguyen L, Jaishuen A, Wanat K, Nugent E, Grigsby P, Allsworth JE, Rader JS. Polymorphisms in MMP9 and SIPA1 are associated with increased risk of nodal metastases in early-stage cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2009; 116:539-43. [PMID: 19906411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heritable polymorphisms modulate metastatic efficiency in Cancer Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MMP9 (rs17576) and SIPA1 (rs746429, rs931127) have been associated with nodal metastases in multiple cancers. We investigated the association of these SNPs with nodal metastases in early-stage cervical cancer. METHODS Consecutive patients with stage IB cervical cancer who underwent a pelvic lymph node (LN) dissection were included. Cases (>1 positive LN, n=101) were compared with controls (negative LN pathology, n=273). Genotyping was performed on genomic DNA in the 3 SNPs using a TaqMan assay and correlated with clinical variables. RESULTS The G allele at SIPA1 rs931127 was associated with an increased risk of nodal disease (OR 1.9, P=0.03) and approached significance at SIPA 1 rs746429 (OR 2.2, P=0.09) and MMP9 rs17576 (OR 1.5, 0.08). In patients with stage Ib1 lesions (n=304), the G allele at both SIPA1 SNPs was associated with LN metastases (rs746429 OR 10.1, P=0.01; rs931127 OR 2.4, P=0.01). In patients with no lymph vascular space invasion, SIPA1 SNPs were again associated with LN metastases, and all patients with nodal disease had at least one G allele at SIPA1 rs746429. CONCLUSIONS In this case-control study, SNPs in SIPA1 varied statistically in cervical cancer patients with and without nodal metastases and in MMP9 after controlling for stage and lymphvascular space invasion. Further work is needed to characterize inherited polymorphisms that provide a permissive background for the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Brooks
- Washington University School of Medicine/Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, 4911 Barnes Jewish Hospital Plaza Box 8064, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Polymorphisms of the SIPA1 gene and sporadic breast cancer susceptibility. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:331. [PMID: 19765277 PMCID: PMC2751777 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The novel breast cancer metastasis modulator gene signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 (Sipa1) underlies the breast cancer metastasis efficiency modifier locus Mtes 1 and has been shown to influence mammary tumour metastatic efficiency in the mouse, with an ectopically expressing Sipa1 cell line developing 1.5 to 2 fold more surface pulmonary metastases. Sipa1 encodes a mitogen-inducible GTPase activating (GAP) protein for members of the Ras-related proteins; participates in cell adhesion and modulates mitogen-induced cell cycle progression. Germline SIPA1 SNPs showed association with positive lymph node metastasis and hormonal receptor status in a Caucasian cohort. We hypothesized that SIPA1 may also be correlated to breast carcinoma incidence as well as prognosis. Therefore, this study investigated the potential relationship of SIPA1 and human breast cancer incidence by a germline SNP genotype frequency association study in a case-control Caucasian cohort in Queensland, Australia. Methods The SNPs genotyped in this study were identified in a previous study and the genotyping assays were carried out using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. The data were analysed with chi-square method and the Monte Carlo style CLUMP analysis program. Results Results indicated significance with SIPA1 SNP rs3741378; the CC genotype was more frequently observed in the breast cancer group compared to the disease-free control group, indicating the variant C allele was associated with increased breast cancer incidence. Conclusion This observation indicates SNP rs3741378 as a novel potential sporadic breast cancer predisposition SNP. While it showed association with hormonal receptor status in breast cancer group in a previous pilot study, this exonic missense SNP (Ser (S) to Phe (F)) changes a hydrophilic residue (S) to a hydrophobic residue (F) and may significantly alter the protein functions of SIPA1 in breast tumourgenesis. SIPA1 SNPs rs931127 (5' near gene), and rs746429 (synonymous (Ala (A) to Ala (A)), did not show significant associations with breast cancer incidence, yet were associated with lymph node metastasis in the previous study. This suggests that SIPA1 may be involved in different stages of breast carcinogenesis and since this study replicates a previous study of the associated SNP, it implicates variants of the SIPA1 gene as playing a potential role in breast cancer.
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Hara S, Nakaseko C, Yamasaki S, Hattori M, Bos JL, Saito Y, Minato N, Saito T. Involvement of Rap-1 activation and early termination of immune synapse in CTLA-4-mediated negative signal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 14:150-8. [PMID: 19490760 DOI: 10.1179/102453309x402241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a T cell co-stimulation receptor that delivers inhibitory signals upon activation. This inhibitory effect by CTLA-4 requires activation of small GTPase Rap-1. However, the precise mechanism underlying these negative signals remains unclear. Here, we show that CTLA-4-induced suppression of IL-2 production correlates with rapid destabilization of immunological synapse (IS) formation in murine normal T cell clones. Overexpression of Spa-1, a Rap-1-specific GTPase activating protein (GAP), abolished both Rap-1 activation and IL-2 suppression induced by CTLA-4. Although we failed to find any specific inhibition of activation of early signals upon CTLA-4 engagement, we found that CTLA-4 specifically up-regulates cell motility and suppresses prolonged accumulation of Talin at the contact area with antigen presenting cells upon antigen stimulation. These results suggest that Rap-1 is activated upon CTLA-4 ligation and mediates inhibitory signals through prevention of IS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hara
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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Gaudet MM, Hunter K, Pharoah P, Dunning AM, Driver K, Lissowska J, Sherman M, Peplonska B, Brinton LA, Chanock S, Garcia-Closas M. Genetic variation in SIPA1 in relation to breast cancer risk and survival after breast cancer diagnosis. Int J Cancer 2009; 124:1716-20. [PMID: 19089925 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variation in SIPA1, signal-induced proliferation-associated gene 1, has been proposed to be associated with aggressive breast tumor characteristics related to metastasis and worse prognosis in humans and rodents. To test this hypothesis, we genotyped 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) located at -3092 (A<G, rs931127), exon 3-135 (C>T, rs3741378), and exon 14 + 14 (C>T, rs746429), and examined them in relation to breast cancer risk and overall survival, stratified by tumor characteristics in 2 independent case-control studies conducted in Poland (1,995 cases, 2,296 controls) and in Britain (2,142 cases, 2,257 controls). Vital status (n = 396 deaths) was available for 911 Polish and 1,919 British breast cancer cases with an average follow-up time of 5.5 years. Overall, we found no significant associations between genetic variants of SIPA1 SNPs and breast cancer risk (per allele odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals (CI): rs931127-0.99, 0.93-1.06; rs3741378-1.03, 0.94-1.13; and, rs74642-0.98, 0.92-1.04). In both studies, SIPA1 polymorphisms were not related to overall mortality (per allele hazard ratios, 95% CI: 1.02, 0.88-1.17; 0.90, 0.72-1.11; 1.04, 0.90-1.21, respectively). Our results do not support a relationship between SIPA1 polymorphisms and breast cancer risk or subsequent survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia M Gaudet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Zheng H, Gao L, Feng Y, Yuan L, Zhao H, Cornelius LA. Down-regulation of Rap1GAP via promoter hypermethylation promotes melanoma cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Cancer Res 2009; 69:449-57. [PMID: 19147557 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most serious, highly aggressive form of skin cancer with recent dramatic increases in incidence. Current therapies are relatively ineffective, highlighting the need for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms contributing to the disease. We have previously shown that activation of Rap1 promotes melanoma cell proliferation and migration through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and integrin activation. In the present study, we show that expression of Rap1GAP, a specific negative regulator of Rap1, is decreased in human melanoma tumors and cell lines. Overexpression of Rap1GAP in melanoma cells blocks Rap1 activation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and inhibits melanoma cell proliferation and survival. In addition, overexpression of Rap1GAP also inhibits focal adhesion formation and decreases melanoma cell migration. Rap1GAP down-regulation is due to its promoter methylation, a mechanism of gene silencing in tumors. Furthermore, treatment of melanoma cells with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine reinduces Rap1GAP expression, followed by decreased Rap1 activity, ERK phosphorylation, and cell proliferation and survival-changes that are significantly blunted in cells transfected by small interfering RNA-mediated Rap1GAP knockdown. Taken together, our findings indicate that down-regulation of Rap1GAP via promoter hypermethylation promotes melanoma cell proliferation, survival, and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Dermatology and Hematology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Phosphorylation of Rap1GAP, a striatally enriched protein, by protein kinase A controls Rap1 activity and dendritic spine morphology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:3531-6. [PMID: 19218462 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0813263106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent signaling cascades play an important role in mediating the effects of dopamine and other neurotransmitters in striatal medium spiny neurons. We have identified a prominent striatal PKA substrate as Rap1-GTPase activating protein (Rap1GAP), a negative regulator of Rap1 signaling. Although present throughout the brain, Rap1GAP is enriched in striatal medium spiny neurons and is phosphorylated by PKA at Ser-441 and Ser-499 in response to activation of D1 dopamine receptors. Phosphorylation of Rap1GAP is associated with inhibition of GAP activity, as demonstrated by increased Rap1 activity in striatal neurons. Phosphorylation of Rap1GAP is also associated with decreased [corrected] dendritic spine head size in cultured neurons. These findings suggest that phosphorylation of Rap1GAP by PKA plays an important role in striatal neurons by modulating Rap1 actions.
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Minato N, Hattori M. Spa-1 (Sipa1) and Rap signaling in leukemia and cancer metastasis. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:17-23. [PMID: 19037996 PMCID: PMC11158263 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.01011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Rap GTPases of the Ras family remained enigmatic for years, extensive studies in this decade have revealed diverse functions of Rap in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, adhesion, and movement. With the use of genetic engineering strategies, we have uncovered essential roles of Rap signaling in normal lymphohematopoietic cell development as well as its crucial involvement in the development of a wide spectrum of leukemia in manners highly dependent on the contexts of cell lineages. Incidentally, recent results also indicate an important role of Spa-1, a Rap GTPase-activating protein, in invasion and metastasis in human cancers. While it is unlikely that Rap can function as a classic oncogene by itself, like Ras, emerging findings unveil crucial involvements of Rap GTPases in the distinct aspects of malignancy, including leukemia genesis and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagahiro Minato
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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45
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Chu H, Awasthi A, White GC, Chrzanowska-Wodnicka M, Malarkannan S. Rap1b regulates B cell development, homing, and T cell-dependent humoral immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:3373-83. [PMID: 18714009 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.5.3373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rap1 is a small GTPase that belongs to Ras superfamily. This ubiquitously expressed GTPase is a key regulator of integrin functions. Rap1 exists in two isoforms: Rap1a and Rap1b. Although Rap1 has been extensively studied, its isoform-specific functions in B cells have not been elucidated. In this study, using gene knockout mice, we show that Rap1b is the dominant isoform in B cells. Lack of Rap1b significantly reduced the absolute number of B220(+)IgM(-) pro/pre-B cells and B220(+)IgM(+) immature B cells in bone marrow. In vitro culture of bone marrow-derived Rap1b(-/-) pro/pre-B cells with IL-7 showed similar proliferation levels but reduced adhesion to stromal cell line compared with wild type. Rap1b(-/-) mice displayed reduced splenic marginal zone (MZ) B cells, and increased newly forming B cells, whereas the number of follicular B cells was normal. Functionally, Rap1b(-/-) mice showed reduced T-dependent but normal T-independent humoral responses. B cells from Rap1b(-/-) mice showed reduced migration to SDF-1, CXCL13 and in vivo homing to lymph nodes. MZ B cells showed reduced sphingosine-1-phosphate-induced migration and adhesion to ICAM-1. However, absence of Rap1b did not affect splenic B cell proliferation, BCR-mediated activation of Erk1/2, p38 MAPKs, and AKT. Thus, Rap1b is crucial for early B cell development, MZ B cell homeostasis and T-dependent humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Takahashi M, Rikitake Y, Nagamatsu Y, Hara T, Ikeda W, Hirata KI, Takai Y. Sequential activation of Rap1 and Rac1 small G proteins by PDGF locally at leading edges of NIH3T3 cells. Genes Cells 2008; 13:549-69. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2008.01187.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
SPA-1 (signal-induced proliferation associated gene-1) functions as a suppressor of myeloid leukemia by negatively regulating Rap1 signaling in hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Herein, we showed that transplantation of HPCs expressing farnesylated C3G (C3G-F), a Rap1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, resulted in a marked expansion of thymocytes bearing unique phenotypes (CD4/CD8 double positive [DP] CD3− TCRβ−) in irradiated recipients. SPA-1−/− HPCs expressing C3G-F caused a more extensive expansion of DP thymocytes, resulting in lethal T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) with massive invasion of clonal T-cell blasts into vital organs. The C3G-F+ blastic thymocytes exhibited constitutive Rap1 activation and markedly enhanced expression of Notch1, 3 as well as the target genes, Hes1, pTα, and c-Myc. All the T-ALL cell lines from C3G-F+ SPA-1−/− HPC recipients expressed high levels of Notch1 with characteristic mutations resulting in the C-terminal truncation. This proliferation was inhibited completely in the presence of a γ-secretase inhibitor. Transplantation of Rag2−/− SPA-1−/− HPCs expressing C3G-F also resulted in a marked expansion and transformation of DP thymocytes. The results suggested that deregulated constitutive Rap1 activation caused abnormal expansion of DP thymocytes, bypassing the pre-T-cell receptor and eventually leading to Notch1 mutations and Notch-dependent T-ALL.
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Crawford NPS, Qian X, Ziogas A, Papageorge AG, Boersma BJ, Walker RC, Lukes L, Rowe WL, Zhang J, Ambs S, Lowy DR, Anton-Culver H, Hunter KW. Rrp1b, a new candidate susceptibility gene for breast cancer progression and metastasis. PLoS Genet 2007; 3:e214. [PMID: 18081427 PMCID: PMC2098807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel candidate metastasis modifier, ribosomal RNA processing 1 homolog B (Rrp1b), was identified through two independent approaches. First, yeast two-hybrid, immunoprecipitation, and functional assays demonstrated a physical and functional interaction between Rrp1b and the previous identified metastasis modifier Sipa1. In parallel, using mouse and human metastasis gene expression data it was observed that extracellular matrix (ECM) genes are common components of metastasis predictive signatures, suggesting that ECM genes are either important markers or causal factors in metastasis. To investigate the relationship between ECM genes and poor prognosis in breast cancer, expression quantitative trait locus analysis of polyoma middle-T transgene-induced mammary tumor was performed. ECM gene expression was found to be consistently associated with Rrp1b expression. In vitro expression of Rrp1b significantly altered ECM gene expression, tumor growth, and dissemination in metastasis assays. Furthermore, a gene signature induced by ectopic expression of Rrp1b in tumor cells predicted survival in a human breast cancer gene expression dataset. Finally, constitutional polymorphism within RRP1B was found to be significantly associated with tumor progression in two independent breast cancer cohorts. These data suggest that RRP1B may be a novel susceptibility gene for breast cancer progression and metastasis. Metastasis, which is defined as the spread of malignant tumor cells from their original site to other parts of the body, accounts for the vast majority of solid cancer-related mortality. Our laboratory has previously shown that host germline-encoded variation modifies primary tumor metastatic capacity. Here, we detail how germline-encoded Rrp1b variation likely modulates metastasis. In mice, constitutional Rrp1b variation correlates with ECM gene expression, which are genes commonly differentially regulated in metastasis prone tumors. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Rrp1b expression levels are modulated by germline variation in mice with differing metastatic propensities, and that variation of Rrp1b expression in a highly metastatic mouse mammary tumor cell line modifies progression. Differential RRP1B functionality also appears to play an important role in human breast cancer progression. Specifically, we demonstrate that a microarray gene expression signature indicative of differential RRP1B expression predicts breast cancer-specific survival. Furthermore, we show that germline-encoded RRP1B variation is associated with markers of outcome in two breast cancer populations. In summary, these data suggest that Rrp1b may be a germline-encoded metastasis modifier in both mice and humans, which leads to the possibility that knowledge of RRP1B functionality and variation in breast cancer might facilitate improved assessment of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel P. S Crawford
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiaolan Qian
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Alex G Papageorge
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brenda J Boersma
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Renard C Walker
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Luanne Lukes
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William L Rowe
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Douglas R Lowy
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Kent W Hunter
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Ghandour H, Cullere X, Alvarez A, Luscinskas FW, Mayadas TN. Essential role for Rap1 GTPase and its guanine exchange factor CalDAG-GEFI in LFA-1 but not VLA-4 integrin mediated human T-cell adhesion. Blood 2007; 110:3682-90. [PMID: 17702895 PMCID: PMC2077316 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-03-077628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated adhesion of T cells by the integrins LFA-1 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1) and VLA-4 (very late antigen-4) is essential for T-cell trafficking. The small GTPase Rap1 is a critical activator of both integrins in murine lymphocytes and T-cell lines. Here we examined the contribution of the Rap1 regulatory pathway in integrin activation in primary CD3(+) human T cells. We demonstrate that inactivation of Rap1 GTPase in human T cells by expression of SPA1 or Rap1GAP blocked stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha)-stimulated LFA-1-ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) interactions and LFA-1 affinity modulation but unexpectedly did not significantly affect binding of VLA-4 to its ligand VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1). Importantly, silencing of the Rap1 guanine exchange factor CalDAG-GEFI inhibited SDF-1alpha- and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced adhesion to ICAM-1 while having no effect on adhesion to VCAM-1. Pharmacologic inhibition of Phospholipase C (PLC) blocked Rap1 activation and inhibited cell adhesion and polarization on ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibition led to enhanced levels of active Rap1 concomitantly with increased T-cell binding to ICAM-1, whereas adhesion to VCAM-1 was reduced. Thus, PLC/CalDAG-GEFI regulation of Rap1 is selectively required for chemokine- and PMA-induced LFA-1 activation in human T cells, whereas alternate PLC- and PKC-dependent mechanisms are involved in the regulation of VLA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Ghandour
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
Rap1 (Ras-proximity 1), a member of the Ras family of small guanine triphosphatases (GTPases), is activated by diverse extracellular stimuli. While Rap1 has been discovered originally as a potential Ras antagonist, accumulating evidence indicates that Rap1 per se mediates unique signals and exerts biological functions distinctly different from Ras. Rap1 plays a dominant role in the control of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions by regulating the function of integrins and other adhesion molecules in various cell types. Rap1 also regulates MAP kinase (MAPK) activity in a manner highly dependent on the context of cell types. Recent studies (including gene-targeting analysis) have uncovered that the Rap1 signal is integrated crucially and unpredictably in the diverse aspects of comprehensive biological systems. This review summarizes the role of the Rap1 signal in developments and functions of the immune and hematopoietic systems as well as in malignancy. Importantly, Rap1 activation is tightly regulated in tissue cells, and dysregulations of the Rap1 signal in specific tissues result in certain disorders, including myeloproliferative disorders and leukemia, platelet dysfunction with defective hemostasis, leukocyte adhesion-deficiency syndrome, lupus-like systemic autoimmune disease, and T cell anergy. Many of these disorders resemble human diseases, and the Rap1 signal with its regulators may provide rational molecular targets for controlling certain human diseases including malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagahiro Minato
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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