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Batista PR, de Alencar Silva A, Mikevely de Sena Bastos C, de Souza Borges A, Dias FJ, Ramon Dos Santos Pereira L, Tavares de Sousa Machado S, de Araújo Delmondes G, Kerntopf MR, Alencar de Menezes IR, Barbosa R. Vasorelaxant effect of (E,E)-farnesol in human umbilical vein ex vivo assays. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 386:110746. [PMID: 37816450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
(E,E)-farnesol is a sesquiterpene acyclic alcohol produced by bacteria, protozoa, fungi, plants, and animals. The literature describes its applications in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, and also in the pharmacological context with a vasorelaxant effect. However, its effects on human umbilical vessels remain poorly investigated. Thus, this study aims to investigate, in a new way, the vasorelaxant effect of (E,E)-farnesol in human umbilical veins (HUV) from healthy donors. Rings obtained from isolated HUV were suspended in an organ bath to record their isometric tension in different experimental sections. (E,E)-farnesol (1 μmol/L to 1 mmol/L) promoted vasorelaxant effect in venous preparations contracted by depolarization (KCl 60 mmol/L) or pharmacological agonism (5-HT 10 μmol/L), with EC50 values of 239.9 μmol/L and 424 μmol/L, respectively. In calcium-free solution, this effect was also observable. (E,E)-farnesol was able to suppress contractions evoked by CaCl2 and BaCl2 suggesting a blockade of voltage-dependent (especially L-type) calcium channels. The vasorelaxant efficacy and potency of (E,E)-farnesol were affected in the presence of tetraethylammonium (1 and 10 mmol/L), glibenclamide (10 μmol/L) and BaCl2 (1 mmol/L) indicating a possible involvement of potassium channels (BKCa, KATP and KIR) in this effect. Our data suggest that (E,E)-farnesol has a promising potential to be applicable as a vasodilator in hypertensive conditions in pregnancy that alter HUV reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Ricardo Batista
- Biological Chemistry Department, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil; Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Andressa de Alencar Silva
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil; Higher Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Carla Mikevely de Sena Bastos
- Biological Chemistry Department, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil; Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Alex de Souza Borges
- Biological Chemistry Department, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil; Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Junio Dias
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Ramon Dos Santos Pereira
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Sara Tavares de Sousa Machado
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil.
| | | | - Marta Regina Kerntopf
- Biological Chemistry Department, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil.
| | | | - Roseli Barbosa
- Biological Chemistry Department, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil; Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil.
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Doyle WJ, Walters D, Shi X, Hoffman K, Magori K, Roullet JB, Ochoa-Repáraz J. Farnesol brain transcriptomics in CNS inflammatory demyelination. Clin Immunol 2023; 255:109752. [PMID: 37673223 PMCID: PMC10619994 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Farnesol (FOL) prevents the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE We examined the transcriptomic profile of the brains of EAE mice treated with daily oral FOL using next-generation sequencing (RNA-seq). METHODS Transcriptomics from whole brains of treated and untreated EAE mice at the peak of EAE was performed. RESULTS EAE-induced mice, compared to naïve, healthy mice, overall showed increased expression in pathways for immune response, as well as an increased cytokine signaling pathway, with downregulation of cellular stress proteins. FOL downregulates pro-inflammatory pathways and attenuates the immune response in EAE. FOL downregulated the expression of genes involved in misfolded protein response, MAPK activation/signaling, and pro-inflammatory response. CONCLUSION This study provides insight into the molecular impact of FOL in the brain and identifies potential therapeutic targets of the isoprenoid pathway in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Doyle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Dana Walters
- Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Xutong Shi
- Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Kristina Hoffman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Krisztian Magori
- Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA 99004, USA
| | - Jean-Baptiste Roullet
- Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Javier Ochoa-Repáraz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
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Hegde M, Girisa S, Naliyadhara N, Kumar A, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Mohan CD, Warrier S, Hui KM, Rangappa KS, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Natural compounds targeting nuclear receptors for effective cancer therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:765-822. [PMID: 36482154 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of forty-eight transcription factors that modulate gene expression both spatially and temporally. Numerous biochemical, physiological, and pathological processes including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, immune modulation, development, reproduction, and aging are extensively orchestrated by different NRs. The involvement of dysregulated NRs and NR-mediated signaling pathways in driving cancer cell hallmarks has been thoroughly investigated. Targeting NRs has been one of the major focuses of drug development strategies for cancer interventions. Interestingly, rapid progress in molecular biology and drug screening reveals that the naturally occurring compounds are promising modern oncology drugs which are free of potentially inevitable repercussions that are associated with synthetic compounds. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to draw our attention to the potential therapeutic effects of various classes of natural compounds that target NRs such as phytochemicals, dietary components, venom constituents, royal jelly-derived compounds, and microbial derivatives in the establishment of novel and safe medications for cancer treatment. This review also emphasizes molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that are leveraged to promote the anti-cancer effects of these natural compounds. We have also critically reviewed and assessed the advantages and limitations of current preclinical and clinical studies on this subject for cancer prophylaxis. This might subsequently pave the way for new paradigms in the discovery of drugs that target specific cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Nikunj Naliyadhara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, University of Leicester, Michael Atiyah Building, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Electronics and Communications Department, College of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, 35712, Gamasa, Egypt
| | | | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560065, India
- Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Kam Man Hui
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | | | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Batista PR, Silva ADA, de Sena Bastos CM, Rodrigues da Silva RE, Calixto GL, de Morais LP, Delmondes GDA, Kerntopf MR, de Menezes IRA, Barbosa R. Vasodilation promoted by ( E, E)-farnesol involving ion channels in human umbilical arteries. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17328. [PMID: 37441374 PMCID: PMC10333471 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background (E,E)-farnesol is a sesquiterpene alcohol derived from plants and animals that exhibits pharmacological properties in the cardiovascular system. However, its effects on human umbilical vessels remain unknown. Purpose Thus, this study aims to characterize the vasodilatory effect of (E,E)-farnesol in human umbilical arteries (HUA). Study design The tissue is obtained from pregnant women over 18 years of age, normotensive, and without prepartum complications. After collected, the tissue was segmented and dissected to remove Wharton's jelly and obtain the umbilical arteries segments. Methods HUA segments were isolated and sectioned into rings that were subjected to isometric tension recordings in an organ bath. Results (E,E)-farnesol (1 μmol/L to 1 mmol/L) promoted vasodilatory effect in HUA preparations, affecting basal tone, and inhibiting the electromechanical coupling induced by KCl 60 mmol/L with greater potency (EC50 225.3 μmol/L) than the pharmacomechanical coupling induced by 5-HT 10 μmol/L (EC50 363.5 μmol/L). In the absence of extracellular calcium, pharmacomechanical coupling was also abolished, and contractions induced by CaCl2 or BaCl2 were attenuated by (E,E)-farnesol indicating a possible direct inhibition of L-type VOCC as a mechanism of the vasodilatory effect. The vasodilator efficacy of (E,E)-farnesol on reduction of vasocontraction induced by the presence of tetraethylammonium (1 or 10 mmol/L), 4-aminopyridine (1 mmol/L) and glibenclamide (10 μmol/L) suggesting a possible influence of different potassium channels (BKCa, KV and KATP). Conclusion These results suggest that (E,E)-farnesol may be a promising pharmacological candidate for obstetric hypertensive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Ricardo Batista
- Biological Chemistry Department, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Alencar Silva
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Higher Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carla Mikevely de Sena Bastos
- Biological Chemistry Department, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Renata Evaristo Rodrigues da Silva
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Lucena Calixto
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luís Pereira de Morais
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil
- Biotechnology By the Northeastern Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Marta Regina Kerntopf
- Biological Chemistry Department, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Roseli Barbosa
- Biological Chemistry Department, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil
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Gc JB, Szlenk CT, Diyaolu A, Obi P, Wei H, Shi X, Gibson KM, Natesan S, Roullet JB. Allosteric modulation of α1β3γ2 GABA A receptors by farnesol through the neurosteroid sites. Biophys J 2023; 122:849-867. [PMID: 36721367 PMCID: PMC10027449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, all-trans farnesol, a 15-carbon isoprenol, is a product of the mevalonate pathway. It is the natural substrate of alcohol dehydrogenase and a substrate for CYP2E1, two enzymes implicated in ethanol metabolism. Studies have shown that farnesol is present in the human brain and inhibits voltage-gated Ca2+ channels at much lower concentrations than ethanol. Here we show that farnesol modulates the activity of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs), some of which also mediate the sedative activity of ethanol. Electrophysiology experiments performed in HEK cells expressing human α1β3γ2 or α6β3γ2 GABAARs revealed that farnesol increased chloride currents through positive allosteric modulation of these receptors and showed dependence on both the alcoholic functional group of farnesol and the length of the alkyl chain for activity. In silico studies using long-timescale unbiased all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the human α1β3γ2 GABAA receptors revealed that farnesol modulates the channel by directly binding to the transmembrane neurosteroid-binding site, after partitioning into the surrounding membrane and reaching the receptor by lateral diffusion. Channel activation by farnesol was further characterized by several structural and dynamic variables, such as global twisting of the receptor's extracellular domain, tilting of the transmembrane M2 helices, radius, cross-sectional area, hydration status, and electrostatic potential of the channel pore. Our results expand the pharmacological activities of farnesol to yet another class of ion channels implicated in neurotransmission, thus providing a novel path for understanding and treatment of diseases involving GABAA receptor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevan B Gc
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Christopher T Szlenk
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Ayobami Diyaolu
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Peter Obi
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Haiyang Wei
- Eurofins Panlabs, Inc., St. Charles, Missouri
| | - Xutong Shi
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - K Michael Gibson
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Senthil Natesan
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Roullet
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington.
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Zigmantaitė V, Jonušaitė E, Grigalevičiūtė R, Kučinskas A, Treinys R, Navalinskas A, Žvikas V, Jakštas V, Pudžiuvelytė L, Bernatonienė J, Mačianskienė R, Jurevičius J. Evaluation of the Cardiac Electrophysiological and Haemodynamic Effects of Elsholtzia ciliata Essential Oil on Swine. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080982. [PMID: 36015131 PMCID: PMC9414655 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for the development of novel medicines with few side effects and no proarrhythmic properties is increasing. Extensive research on herbal extracts has been conducted with the expectation that the compounds will exert precise effects without harmful side effects. Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl. essential oil (EO) possesses antiarrhythmic properties similar to those of class 1B antiarrhythmics, such as prolonging myocardial activation of the QRS complex and shortening the QT interval. In this study, we determined the kinetic profile of EO phytocompounds and the effects of EO on heart electrical activity and arterial blood pressure. For this study, we chose to use local breed pigs that were anaesthetized. The effects of an intravenous bolus of EO on ECG parameters, arterial blood pressure, heart rate variability, and blood levels of haematological and biochemical parameters were registered and evaluated. Following an intravenous injection of a bolus, EO exerted a vasodilatory effect, resulting in significant reductions in arterial blood pressure. EO also increased the heart rate and altered ECG parameters. The bolus of EO prolonged the QRS complex, shortened the QT interval, and nonmonotonically altered the PQ interval. After the administration of a bolus of EO, the activity of the autonomic nervous system was altered. This study confirms that EO possesses similar properties to class 1B antiarrhythmics and exerts a hypotensive effect; it reduces arterial blood pressure possibly by modulating peripheral vascular resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Zigmantaitė
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės St. 18/7, LT47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-675-36043
| | - Eglė Jonušaitė
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės St. 18/7, LT47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ramunė Grigalevičiūtė
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės St. 18/7, LT47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Kučinskas
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės St. 18/7, LT47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rimantas Treinys
- Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Ave. 15, LT50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Antanas Navalinskas
- Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Ave. 15, LT50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaidotas Žvikas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Ave. 13, LT50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Valdas Jakštas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Ave. 13, LT50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Ave. 13, LT50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lauryna Pudžiuvelytė
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Ave. 13, LT50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Ave. 13, LT50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurga Bernatonienė
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Ave. 13, LT50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Ave. 13, LT50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Regina Mačianskienė
- Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Ave. 15, LT50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Jurevičius
- Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Ave. 15, LT50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Araújo Delmondes GD, Pereira Lopes MJ, Araújo IM, de Sousa Borges A, Batista PR, Melo Coutinho HD, Alencar de Menezes IR, Barbosa-Filho JM, Bezerra Felipe CF, Kerntopf MR. Possible mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effect of Trans,trans-farnesol on pilocarpine-induced seizures in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110059. [PMID: 35931201 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate, through in vivo and in vitro methodologies, the effect of acute trans,trans-farnesol (12.5, 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg, p.o.) administration on behavioral and neurochemical parameters associated with pilocarpine-induced epileptic seizure (300 mg/kg, i.p.) in mice. The initial results showed that the compound in question presents no anxiolytic-like or myorelaxant effects, despite reducing locomotor activity in the animals at all doses tested. In addition, the lowest dose increased the latency to onset of the first epileptic seizure, and the time to death. In addition to decreasing the mortality percentage in mice submitted to the pilocarpine model. In this same model, pretreatment with the lowest dose of the compound decreased the hippocampal concentrations of thiobarbituric acid and nitrite, and partially restored striatal concentrations of noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin. Taken together, the results suggest that trans,trans-farnesol presents a central depressant effect which contributes to its antiepileptic action which, in turn, seems to be mediated by the antagonism of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, reduction of oxidative stress. and modulation of noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin concentrations in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyllyandeson de Araújo Delmondes
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil; Natural Products Pharmacology Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil.
| | | | - Isaac Moura Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Alex de Sousa Borges
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Marta Regina Kerntopf
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil; Natural Products Pharmacology Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
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de Dios-Pérez I, González-Garcinuño Á, Martín del Valle EM. An Approach to Minimize Tumour Proliferation by Reducing the Formation of Components for Cell Membrane. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092735. [PMID: 35566086 PMCID: PMC9105759 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprenoids are natural compounds essential for a great number of cellular functions. One of them is farnesol (FOH), which can reduce cell proliferation, but its low solubility in aqueous solvents limits its possible clinical use as a pharmacological tool. One alternative is the use of cyclodextrins (CDs) which house hydrophobic molecules forming inclusion complexes. To assess FOH potential application in anticancer treatments, Sulfobutylated β-cyclodextrin Sodium Salt (SBE-β-CD) was selected, due to it has high solubility, approbation by the FDA, and numerous studies that ensure its safety to be administered parenterally or orally without nephrotoxicity associated. The therapeutic action of farnesol and complex were studied in different carcinoma cells, compared with a normal cell line. Farnesol showed selectivity, affecting the viability of colon and liver cancer cells more than in breast cancer cells and fibroblasts. All cells suffered apoptosis after being treated with 150 μM of free FOH, but the complex reduced their cell viability between 50 and 75%. Similar results were obtained for both types of isomers, and the addition of phosphatidylcholine reverses this effect. Finally, cell cycle analysis corroborates the action of FOH as inducer of a G0/G1 phase; when the cells were treated using the complex form, this viability was reduced, reaching 50% in the case of colon and liver, 60% in fibroblasts, and only 75% in breast cancer.
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Farnesol induces protection against murine CNS inflammatory demyelination and modifies gut microbiome. Clin Immunol 2022; 235:108766. [PMID: 34091018 PMCID: PMC8660955 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Farnesol is a 15‑carbon organic isoprenol synthesized by plants and mammals with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. We sought to determine whether farnesol treatment would result in protection against murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a well-established model of multiple sclerosis (MS). We compared disease progression and severity in C57BL/6 mice treated orally with 100 mg/kg/day farnesol solubilized in corn oil to corn-oil treated and untreated EAE mice. Farnesol significantly delayed the onset of EAE (by ~2 days) and dramatically decreased disease severity (~80%) compared to controls. Disease protection by farnesol was associated with a significant reduction in spinal cord infiltration by monocytes-macrophages, dendritic cells, CD4+ T cells, and a significant change in gut microbiota composition, including a decrease in the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio. The study suggests FOL could protect MS patients against CNS inflammatory demyelination by partially modulating the gut microbiome composition.
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Park NY, Kwak G, Doo HM, Kim HJ, Jang SY, Lee YI, Choi BO, Hong YB. Farnesol Ameliorates Demyelinating Phenotype in a Cellular and Animal Model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 1A. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:2011-2021. [PMID: 34889893 PMCID: PMC8928981 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a genetically heterogeneous disease affecting the peripheral nervous system that is caused by either the demyelination of Schwann cells or degeneration of the peripheral axon. Currently, there are no treatment options to improve the degeneration of peripheral nerves in CMT patients. In this research, we assessed the potency of farnesol for improving the demyelinating phenotype using an animal model of CMT type 1A. In vitro treatment with farnesol facilitated myelin gene expression and ameliorated the myelination defect caused by PMP22 overexpression, the major causative gene in CMT. In vivo administration of farnesol enhanced the peripheral neuropathic phenotype, as shown by rotarod performance in a mouse model of CMT1A. Electrophysiologically, farnesol-administered CMT1A mice exhibited increased motor nerve conduction velocity and compound muscle action potential compared with control mice. The number and diameter of myelinated axons were also increased by farnesol treatment. The expression level of myelin protein zero (MPZ) was increased, while that of the demyelination marker, neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), was reduced by farnesol administration. These data imply that farnesol is efficacious in ameliorating the demyelinating phenotype of CMT, and further elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of farnesol’s effect on myelination might provide a potent therapeutic strategy for the demyelinating type of CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Young Park
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea;
| | - Geon Kwak
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea; (G.K.); (H.-M.D.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hyun-Myung Doo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea; (G.K.); (H.-M.D.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea; (G.K.); (H.-M.D.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - So-Young Jang
- Departments of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea;
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea;
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea; (G.K.); (H.-M.D.); (H.-J.K.)
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.-O.C.); (Y.-B.H.); Tel.: +82-2-3410-1296 (B.-O.C.); +82-51-240-2762 (Y.-B.H.); Fax: +82-3410-0052 (B.-O.C.); +82-51-240-2971 (Y.-B.H.)
| | - Young-Bin Hong
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea;
- Departments of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea;
- Correspondence: (B.-O.C.); (Y.-B.H.); Tel.: +82-2-3410-1296 (B.-O.C.); +82-51-240-2762 (Y.-B.H.); Fax: +82-3410-0052 (B.-O.C.); +82-51-240-2971 (Y.-B.H.)
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Silva EAP, Carvalho JS, Dos Santos DM, Oliveira AMS, de Souza Araújo AA, Serafini MR, Oliveira Santos LAB, Batista MVDA, Viana Santos MR, Siqueira Quintans JDS, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Barreto AS. Cardiovascular effects of farnesol and its β-cyclodextrin complex in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 901:174060. [PMID: 33819466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Farnesol (FAR) is a sesquiterpene alcohol with a range of reported biological effects including cardioprotective, antioxidant and antiarrhythmic properties. However, due to its volatility, the use of drug incorporation systems, such as cyclodextrins, have been proposed to improve its pharmacological properties. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate and characterize the cardiovascular effects of FAR alone, and to investigate the antihypertensive effects of FAR complexed with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) in rats. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured before and after intravenous administration of FAR (0,5; 2,5; 5 and 7,5 mg/kg) in normotensive rats, and after oral acute administration (200 mg/kg) of FAR and FAR/βCD complex in NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME) hypertensive rats. In normotensive animals, FAR induced dose-dependent hypotension associated with bradycardia. These effects were not affected by pre-treatment with L-NAME or indomethacin (INDO), but were partially attenuated by atropine. Pre-treatment with hexamethonium (HEXA) only affected hypotension. In the hypertensive rats, FAR/βCD potentialized the antihypertensive effect when compared to FAR alone. Molecular docking experiments demonstrated for the first time that FAR has affinity to bind to the M3 and M2 muscarinic, and nicotinic receptors through hydrogen bonds in the same residues as known ligands. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that FAR induced hypotension associated with bradycardia, possibly through the muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. The inclusion complex with βCD improved the antihypertensive effects of FAR, which can be relevant to improve current cardiovascular therapy using volatile natural components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Aian P Silva
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Biotechnology Graduate Program - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jéssica S Carvalho
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Danillo M Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria S Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Adriano A de Souza Araújo
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Mairim R Serafini
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Marcus V de A Batista
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Márcio R Viana Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Biotechnology Graduate Program - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jullyana de S Siqueira Quintans
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Biotechnology Graduate Program - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Department of Health Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Lucindo J Quintans-Júnior
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Biotechnology Graduate Program - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - André S Barreto
- Department of Health Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
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Souza DS, Barreto TDO, Menezes-Filho JERD, Heimfarth L, Rhana P, Rabelo TK, Santana MNS, Durço AO, Conceição MRDL, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Guimarães AG, Cruz JS, Vasconcelos CMLD. Myocardial hypertrophy is prevented by farnesol through oxidative stress and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 887:173583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Phulara SC, Pandey S, Jha A, Chauhan PS, Gupta P, Shukla V. Hemiterpene compound, 3,3-dimethylallyl alcohol promotes longevity and neuroprotection in Caenorhabditis elegans. GeroScience 2020; 43:791-807. [PMID: 32725551 PMCID: PMC8110639 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00241-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenes and their derivatives have been used conventionally as potential dietary supplements to boost the nutritional value of endless food products. Several plant-based complex terpenoid and their derivatives have been reported for a wide range of medicinal and nutritional properties. However, their simple counterparts, whose production is relatively easy, sustainable, and economic from food-grade microbial sources, have not been studied yet for any such biological activities. The present study aimed to investigate the longevity-promoting property and neuromodulatory effects of 3,3-dimethylallyl alcohol (Prenol), one of the simplest forms of terpenoid and a constituent of fruit aroma, in the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans. Prenol supplementation (0.25 mM) augmented the lifespan of wild-type nematodes by 22.8% over the non-treated worms. Moreover, a suspended amyloid-β induced paralysis and reduced α-synuclein aggregation were observed in Prenol-treated worms. The lifespan extending properties of Prenol were correlated with ameliorated physiological parameters and increased stress (heat and oxidative) tolerance in C. elegans. In silico and gene-specific mutant studies showed that pro-longevity transcription factors DAF-16, HSF-1, and SKN-1 were involved in the improved lifespan and health-span of Prenol-treated worms. Transgenic green fluorescent protein-reporter gene expression analysis and relative mRNA quantification (using real-time PCR) demonstrated an increase in the expression of DAF-16, HSF-1, and SKN-1 transcription factors and their downstream target genes in Prenol-treated worms. Together, the findings suggest that small molecules, like Prenol, could be explored as a potential alternate to develop therapeutics against aging and age-related ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Chandra Phulara
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India
| | - Swapnil Pandey
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, 436, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anubhuti Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, 436, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pratima Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India.
| | - Virendra Shukla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Delmondes GDA, Santiago Lemos IC, Dias DDQ, Cunha GLD, Araújo IM, Barbosa R, Coutinho HDM, Felipe CFB, Barbosa-Filho JM, Lima NTRD, De Menezes IRA, Kerntopf MR. Pharmacological applications of farnesol (C15H26O): a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:227-234. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1718653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Isaac Moura Araújo
- Department of Biologial Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Roseli Barbosa
- Department of Biologial Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marta Regina Kerntopf
- Department of Biologial Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato, CE, Brazil
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Microbiological Advances in Bioactives from High Altitude. MICROBIOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS FOR HIGHER ALTITUDE AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS & SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1902-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Souza DSD, Menezes-Filho JERD, Santos-Miranda A, Jesus ICGD, Silva Neto JA, Guatimosim S, Cruz JS, Vasconcelos CMLD. Calcium overload-induced arrhythmia is suppressed by farnesol in rat heart. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 859:172488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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de Araújo Delmondes G, Bezerra DS, de Queiroz Dias D, de Souza Borges A, Araújo IM, Lins da Cunha G, Bandeira PFR, Barbosa R, Melo Coutinho HD, Felipe CFB, Barbosa-Filho JM, Alencar de Menezes IR, Kerntopf MR. Toxicological and pharmacologic effects of farnesol (C15H26O): A descriptive systematic review. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 129:169-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Nunes T, Cardoso P, Freitas R, Figueira E. Protective effects of farnesol on a Rhizobium strain exposed to cadmium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 165:622-629. [PMID: 30241090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil acts as a repository for many metals that human activity releases into the environment. Cadmium enters agricultural soils primarily from application of phosphate fertilizers and sewage sludge. Among soil bacteria, rhizobia have a great agronomic and environmental significance and are major contributors to a sustainable maintenance of soil fertility. However, the services that this group of microorganisms provides are affected by environmental constraints, such as Cd contamination. Bioactive compounds also influence soil microorganisms. Farnesol is a phytocompound with recognized bioactivity, inducing both beneficial and harmful effects. In this study, Rhizobium sp. strain E20-8 was exposed to sole or combined exposure to Cd and farnesol. Results showed that farnesol (25 and 200 µM) did not affect rhizobia; exposure to Cd (µM) inhibited rhizobia growth and induced several biomarkers of oxidative stress; exposure to the combination of farnesol and Cd reduced oxidative damage, and the highest concentration of farnesol tested reduced Cd accumulation and allowed a significant growth recovery. Farnesol protective effects on rhizobia exposed to Cd is novel information which can be used in the development of microbe-based environmental engineering strategies for restoration of metal contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Nunes
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Cardoso
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Silva JC, de Moraes Alcantara LF, Dias Soares JM, e Silva MG, de Lavor ÉM, Andrade VM, dos Passos Menezes P, de Souza Araújo AA, Leite LHI, de Menezes IRA, Scotti L, Scotti MT, Oliveira RC, Quintans JS, Silva Almeida JRG, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Docking, characterization and investigation of β-cyclodextrin complexed with farnesol, an acyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, produces orofacial antinociceptive profile in experimental protocols. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Vasconcelos CML, Oliveira ISN, Santos JNA, Souza AA, Menezes-Filho JER, Silva Neto JA, Lima TC, de Sousa DP. Negative inotropism of terpenes on guinea pig left atrium: structure-activity relationships. Nat Prod Res 2017. [PMID: 28641448 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1344658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the pharmacological effect of seven structurally related terpenes on the contractility of cardiac muscle. The effect of terpenes was studied on isolated electrically driven guinea pig left atrium. From concentration-response curves for inotropic effect were determined the EC50 and relative potency of such terpenes. Our results revealed that all terpenes, except phytol, showed ability to reduce the contractile response of guinea pig left atrium. Further, relative potency was directly related to the number of isoprene units and to the lipophilicity of the compounds. For example, sesquiterpenes farnesol and nerolidol showed higher relative potency when compared with the monoterpenes citronellol, geraniol and nerol. We can conclude that most of the evaluated terpenes showed a promising negative inotropism on the atrial muscle. Future studies are necessary to investigate their action mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingrid S N Oliveira
- a Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , Brazil
| | - José N A Santos
- a Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , Brazil
| | - Américo A Souza
- a Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , Brazil
| | | | - Júlio A Silva Neto
- a Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , Brazil
| | - Tamires C Lima
- b Department of Pharmacy , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , Brazil
| | - Damião P de Sousa
- c Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences , Federal University of Paraíba , João Pessoa , Brazil
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare neurocutaneous disease characterized by ichthyosis, spasticity, intellectual disability and a distinctive retinopathy. It is caused by inactivating mutations in ALDH3A2, which codes for fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH) and results in abnormal metabolism of long-chain aliphatic aldehydes and alcohols. The potential disease mechanisms leading to symptoms include 1) accumulation of toxic fatty aldehydes that form covalent adducts with lipids and membrane proteins; 2) physical disruption of multi-lamellar membranes in skin and brain; 3) abnormal activation of the JNK cell signaling pathway; and 4) defective farnesol metabolism resulting in abnormal PPAR-α dependent gene expression. Currently, no effective pathogenesis-based therapy is available. AREAS COVERED The clinical, pathologic and genetic features of SLS are summarized. The biochemical abnormalities caused by deficient activity of FALDH are reviewed in the context of proposed pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions. EXPERT OPINION The most promising pharmacologic approach to SLS involves blocking the formation of potentially harmful fatty aldehyde adducts using aldehyde scavenging drugs, currently in phase 2 clinical trials. Other approaches needing further investigation include: 1) ALDH-specific activator drugs and PPAR-α agonists to increase mutant FALDH activity; 2) inhibitors of the JNK phosphorylation cascade; 3) antioxidants to decrease aldehyde load; 4) dietary lipid modification; and 5) gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Rizzo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Vasconcelos TB, Ribeiro-Filho HV, Lucetti LT, Magalhães PJC. β-Citronellol, an alcoholic monoterpene with inhibitory properties on the contractility of rat trachea. Braz J Med Biol Res 2016; 49:e4800. [PMID: 26648088 PMCID: PMC4712486 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Citronellol is an alcoholic monoterpene found in essential oils such Cymbopogon citratus (a plant with antihypertensive properties). β-Citronellol can act against pathogenic microorganisms that affect airways and, in virtue of the popular use of β-citronellol-enriched essential oils in aromatherapy, we assessed its pharmacologic effects on the contractility of rat trachea. Contractions of isolated tracheal rings were recorded isometrically through a force transducer connected to a data-acquisition device. β-Citronellol relaxed sustained contractions induced by acetylcholine or high extracellular potassium, but half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for K(+)-elicited stimuli were smaller than those for cholinergic contractions. It also inhibited contractions induced by electrical field stimulation or sodium orthovanadate with pharmacologic potency equivalent to that seen against acetylcholine-induced contractions. When contractions were evoked by selective recruitment of Ca2+ from the extracellular medium, β-citronellol preferentially inhibited contractions that involved voltage-operated (but not receptor-operated) pathways. β-Citronellol (but not verapamil) inhibited contractions induced by restoration of external Ca2+ levels after depleting internal Ca2+ stores with the concomitant presence of thapsigargin and recurrent challenge with acetylcholine. Treatment of tracheal rings with L-NAME, indomethacin or tetraethylammonium did not change the relaxing effects of β-citronellol. Inhibition of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) or transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) receptors with selective antagonists caused no change in the effects of β-citronellol. In conclusion, β-citronellol exerted inhibitory effects on rat tracheal rings, with predominant effects on contractions that recruit Ca2+ inflow towards the cytosol by voltage-gated pathways, whereas it appears less active against contractions elicited by receptor-operated Ca2+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - H V Ribeiro-Filho
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - L T Lucetti
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - P J C Magalhães
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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de Menezes-Filho JER, Gondim ANS, Cruz JS, de Souza AA, Santos JNAD, Conde-Garcia EA, de Sousa DP, Santos MS, de Oliveira ED, de Vasconcelos CML. Geraniol blocks calcium and potassium channels in the mammalian myocardium: useful effects to treat arrhythmias. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 115:534-44. [PMID: 24862086 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Geraniol is a monoterpene present in several essential oils, and it is known to have a plethora of pharmacological activities. In this study, we explored the contractile and electrophysiological properties of geraniol and its antiarrhythmic effects in the heart. The geraniol effects on atrial contractility, L-type Ca(2+) current, K(+) currents, action potential (AP) parameters, ECG profile and on the arrhythmia induced by ouabain were evaluated. In the atrium, geraniol reduced the contractile force (~98%, EC = 1,510 ± 160 μM) and diminished the positive inotropism of CaCl2 and BAY K8644. In cardiomyocytes, the IC a,L was reduced by 50.7% (n = 5) after perfusion with 300 μM geraniol. Moreover, geraniol prolonged the AP duration (APD) measured at 50% (n = 5) after repolarization, without changing the resting potential. The increased APD could be attributed to the blockade of the transient outward K(+) current (Ito ) (59.7%, n = 4), the non-inactivation K(+) current (Iss ) (39.2%, n = 4) and the inward rectifier K(+) current (IK 1 ) (33.7%, n = 4). In isolated hearts, geraniol increased PRi and QTi without affecting the QRS complex (n = 6), and it reduced both the left ventricular pressure (83%) and heart rate (16.5%). Geraniol delayed the time to onset of ouabain-induced arrhythmias by 128%, preventing 30% of the increase in resting tension (n = 6). Geraniol exerts its negative inotropic and chronotropic responses in the heart by decreasing both L-type Ca(2+) and voltage-gated K(+) currents, ultimately acting against ouabain-induced arrhythmias.
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Beukes N, Levendal RA, Frost CL. Selected terpenoids from medicinal plants modulate endoplasmic reticulum stress in metabolic disorders. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:1505-25. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The majority of research performed on cellular stress and apoptosis focuses on mitochondrial dysfunction; however, the importance of the endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction and the link to metabolic diseases has gained a substantial interest. This review focuses on the potential of terpenoids to influence endoplasmic reticulum stress and the possible role terpenoids play as the treatment of metabolic diseases.
Key findings
Metabolic diseases develop as a result of a cascade of cellular pathways. In most cases, cells are able to compensate for the disruption of the cellular homeostasis although the initiation of response pathways; however, chronic stress initiates apoptotic pathways. This reviewed (1) showed the importance of phytoterpenoids to influence endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and homeostasis, (2) showed how regulating ER stress affect the cell survival and death, and (3) highlighted some examples of how the progression of metabolic diseases can be influenced by ER.
Summary
Due to the substantial number of terpenoids that have been identified in literature, this review gave examples of 21 terpenoids that have been documented to have an effect on the different proteins associated with ER stress, how these plant terpenoids influence ER dysfunction and metabolic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, liver, and neurological diseases and parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Beukes
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Ruby-Ann Levendal
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Carminita L Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
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Viveiros M, Martins M, Rodrigues L, Machado D, Couto I, Ainsa J, Amaral L. Inhibitors of mycobacterial efflux pumps as potential boosters for anti-tubercular drugs. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 10:983-98. [DOI: 10.1586/eri.12.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sabino CKB, Ferreira-Filho ES, Mendes MB, da Silva-Filho JC, Ponte MPTR, Moura LHP, Oliveira ECA, Quintans-Junior LJ, dos Santos MRV, de Cássia Meneses Oliveira R, de Oliveira AP. Cardiovascular effects induced by α-terpineol in hypertensive rats. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Worley JF, Main MJ. An Industrial Perspective on Utilizing Functional Ion Channel Assays for High Throughput Screening. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3109/10606820214643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Various Terpenoids Derived from Herbal and Dietary Plants Function as PPAR Modulators and Regulate Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism. PPAR Res 2010; 2010:483958. [PMID: 20613991 PMCID: PMC2896613 DOI: 10.1155/2010/483958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several herbal plants improve medical conditions. Such plants contain many bioactive phytochemicals. Terpenoids (also called “isoprenoids”) constitute one of the largest families of natural products accounting for more than 40,000 individual compounds of both primary and secondary metabolisms. In particular, terpenoids are contained in many herbal plants, and several terpenoids have been shown to be available for pharmaceutical applications, for example, artemisinin and taxol as malaria and cancer medicines, respectively. Various terpenoids are contained in many plants for not only herbal use but also dietary use. In this paper, we describe several bioactive terpenoids contained in herbal or dietary plants, which can modulate the activities of ligand-dependent transcription factors, namely, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Because PPARs are dietary lipid sensors that control energy homeostasis, daily eating of these terpenoids might be useful for the management for obesity-induced metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Testosterone and cholesterol vasodilation of rat aorta involves L-type calcium channel inhibition. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2010; 2010:534184. [PMID: 21151505 PMCID: PMC2990104 DOI: 10.1155/2010/534184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone has rapid nongenomic vasodilator effects which could be involved in protective cardiovascular actions. Several authors suggested specific mechanisms to explain this effect, but this matter was not clarified yet. We studied the actions of testosterone and cholesterol on endothelium-denuded rat aorta and their effects on the L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L) and potassium current (IK). Testosterone (1–100 μM) totally relaxed, in a rapid and concentration-dependent way, the aortic rings contracted by KCl or by (−)-Bay K8644 (BAY). Cholesterol also fully relaxed the contractions induced by KCl. None of the potassium channel antagonists tested (glibenclamide, tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine) modified significantly the relaxant effect of testosterone. The antagonist of classic testosterone receptors, flutamide, did not modify the vasorelaxant effect of testosterone. Furthermore, testosterone and cholesterol inhibited either basal and BAY-stimulated ICa,L in A7r5 cells and they have no effects on IK. In summary, our results demonstrate that cholesterol and testosterone relax rat aorta by inhibiting LTCC. This effect of testosterone is not mediated by the classic hormone receptor or by potassium channel activation. These results suggest that the vasodilator mechanism of cholesterol and testosterone is the same.
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Scanning chimeragenesis: the approach used to change the substrate selectivity of fatty acid monooxygenase CYP102A1 to that of terpene ω-hydroxylase CYP4C7. J Biol Inorg Chem 2009; 15:159-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-009-0580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Karasawa T, Wang Q, Fu Y, Cohen DM, Steyger PS. TRPV4 enhances the cellular uptake of aminoglycoside antibiotics. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:2871-9. [PMID: 18682499 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.023705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cochlea and kidney are susceptible to aminoglycoside-induced toxicity. The non-selective cation channel TRPV4 is expressed in kidney distal tubule cells, and hair cells and the stria vascularis in the inner ear. To determine whether TRPV4 is involved in aminoglycoside trafficking, we generated a murine proximal-tubule cell line (KPT2) and a distal-tubule cell line (KDT3). TRPV4 expression was confirmed in KDT3 cells but not in KPT2 cells. Removal of extracellular Ca(2+) significantly enhanced gentamicin-Texas-Red (GTTR) uptake by KDT3, indicative of permeation through non-selective cation channels. To determine whether TRPV4 is permeable to GTTR, stable cell lines were generated that express TRPV4 in KPT2 (KPT2-TRPV4). KPT2-TRPV4 cells took up more GTTR than control cell lines (KPT2-pBabe) in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+). TRPV4-dependent GTTR uptake was abolished by a point mutation within the crucial pore region of the channel, suggesting that GTTR permeates the TRPV4 channel. In an endolymph-like extracellular environment, clearance of GTTR was attenuated from KPT2-TRPV4 cells in a TRPV4-dependent fashion. We propose that TRPV4 has a role in aminoglycoside uptake and retention in the cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Karasawa
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Uppuluri P, Mekala S, Chaffin WL. Farnesol-mediated inhibition ofCandida albicansyeast growth and rescue by a diacylglycerol analogue. Yeast 2007; 24:681-93. [PMID: 17583896 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
During Candida albicans yeast cell growth to early stationary phase, metabolites accumulate in the medium, including the quorum-sensing molecule farnesol. We found that besides germ tube inhibition, 40 microM farnesol also inhibited C. albicans yeast growth under yeast growth permissive conditions. Consistent with this observation, transcriptional analysis of yeast cells resuspended in fresh medium with 40 microM farnesol revealed that genes involved in hyphal formation, GTPase activation, mitosis and DNA replication were downregulated many-fold. Farnesol-mediated inhibition of yeast growth was dependent on the growth phase of the C. albicans cells. The growth defect was relieved by addition of a diacylglycerol analogue, implicating phosphatidylinositol signalling in the delay. Although diacylglycerol is an activator of protein kinase C (PKC) in mammalian cells, there is some question about activation of fungal PKCs. A mutant strain deleted for PKC1 responded to farnesol and the diacylglycerol analogue similar to wild-type, suggesting that PKC is not the target of the diacylglycerol analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Uppuluri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Hogan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, HB7550, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover NH 03755, USA.
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Enayetallah AE, Grant DF. Effects of human soluble epoxide hydrolase polymorphisms on isoprenoid phosphate hydrolysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 341:254-60. [PMID: 16414022 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Accepted: 12/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is highly expressed in human liver and contains a C-terminal epoxide hydrolase activity and an N-terminal phosphatase activity. Endogenous C-terminal hydrolase substrates include arachidonic acid epoxides, however, data are limited regarding possible endogenous substrates for the N-terminal phosphatase. Possible sEH N-terminal substrates include isoprenoid phosphate precursors of cholesterol biosynthesis and protein isoprenylation. Here, we report the kinetic analysis for a range of sEH isoprenoid substrates. We also provide an analysis of the effects of human sEH polymorphisms on isoprenoid hydrolysis. Interestingly, the Arg287Gln polymorphism recently suggested to be involved in hypercholesterolemia was found to possess a higher isoprenoid phosphatase activity than the wild type sEH. Consistent with the finding of isoprenoid phosphates as substrates for sEH, we identified isoprenoid-derived N-terminal inhibitors with IC50 values ranging from 0.84 (+/-0.9) to 55.1 (+/-30.7) microM. Finally, we evaluated the effects of the different isoprenoid compounds on the C-terminal hydrolase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Enayetallah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 06269, USA
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36
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Fu Y, Subramanya A, Rozansky D, Cohen DM. WNK kinases influence TRPV4 channel function and localization. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006; 290:F1305-14. [PMID: 16403833 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00391.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPV4, a renally expressed nonselective cation channel of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family, is gated by hypotonicity. Kinases of the WNK family influence expression and function of the thiazide-sensitive Na+-Cl- cotransporter, and monogenic human hypertension has been linked to mutations in the gene coding for WNK4. Along with TRPV4, WNK isoforms are highly expressed in the distal nephron. We show here that coexpression of WNK4 downregulates TRPV4 function in human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells and that this effect is mediated via decreased cell surface expression of TRPV4; total abundance of TRPV4 in whole cell lysates is unaffected. The effect of the related kinase WNK1 on TRPV4 function and surface expression was similar to that of WNK4. Disease-causing point mutations in WNK4 abrogate, but do not eliminate, the inhibitory effect on TRPV4 function. In contrast to wild-type WNK4, a kinase-dead WNK4 point mutant failed to influence TRPV4 trafficking; however, deletion of the entire WNK4 kinase domain did not blunt the effect of WNK4 on localization of TRPV4. Deletion of the extreme COOH-terminal putative coiled-coil domain of WNK4 abolished its effect. In immunoprecipitation experiments, we were unable to detect direct interaction between TRPV4 and either WNK kinase. In aggregate, these data indicate that TRPV4 is functionally regulated by WNK family kinases at the level of cell surface expression. Because TRPV4 and WNK kinases are coexpressed in the distal nephron in vivo and because there is a tendency toward hypercalcemia in TRPV4-/- mice, we speculate that this pathway may impact systemic Ca2+ balance. In addition, because WNK kinases and TRPV4 are activated by anisotonicity, they may comprise elements of an osmosensing or osmotically responsive signal transduction cascade in the distal nephron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science Univ., Portland, USA
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37
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Xu H, Fu Y, Tian W, Cohen DM. Glycosylation of the osmoresponsive transient receptor potential channel TRPV4 on Asn-651 influences membrane trafficking. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2005; 290:F1103-9. [PMID: 16368742 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00245.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified a consensus N-linked glycosylation motif within the pore-forming loop between the fifth and sixth transmembrane segments of the osmoresponsive transient receptor potential (TRP) channel TRPV4. Mutation of this residue from Asn to Gln (i.e., TRPV4(N651Q)) resulted in loss of a slower migrating band on anti-TRPV4 immunoblots and a marked reduction in lectin-precipitable TRPV4 immunoreactivity. HEK293 cells transiently transfected with the mutant TRPV4(N651Q) exhibited increased calcium entry in response to hypotonic stress relative to wild-type TRPV4 transfectants. This increase in hypotonicity responsiveness was associated with an increase in plasma membrane targeting of TRPV4(N651Q) relative to wild-type TRPV4 in both HEK293 and COS-7 cells but had no effect on overall channel abundance in whole cell lysates. Residue N651 of TRPV4 is immediately adjacent to the pore-forming loop. Although glycosylation in this vicinity has not been reported for a TRP channel, the structurally related hexahelical hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel, HCN2, and the voltage-gated potassium channel, human ether-a-go-go-related (HERG), share a nearly identically situated and experimentally confirmed N-linked glycosylation site which promotes rather than limits channel insertion into the plasma membrane. These data point to a potentially conserved structural and functional feature influencing membrane trafficking across diverse members of the voltage-gated-like ion channel superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshi Xu
- Mailcode PP262, Oregon Health and Science Univ., 3314 S.W. US Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
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38
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Rowat AC, Keller D, Ipsen JH. Effects of farnesol on the physical properties of DMPC membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2005; 1713:29-39. [PMID: 15963943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2005.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Revised: 04/12/2005] [Accepted: 04/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Farnesol interacts with membranes in a wide variety of biological contexts, yet our understanding of how it affects lipid bilayers is not yet complete. This study investigates how the 15-carbon isoprenoid, farnesol, influences the phase behaviour, lateral organization, and mechanical stability of dimyristol phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) model membranes. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of multilamellar DMPC-farnesol mixtures (up to 26 mol% farnesol) demonstrates how this isoprenoid lowers and broadens the gel-fluid phase transition. A gel-fluid coexistence region becomes progressively more dominant with increasing farnesol concentration and at concentrations of and greater than 10.8 mol%, an upper transition emerges at about 35 degrees C. Atomic force microscopy images of supported farnesol-DMPC bilayers containing 10 and 20 mol% farnesol provide structural evidence of gel-fluid coexistence around the main transition. Above this coexistence region, membranes exhibit homogeneous lateral organization but at temperatures below the main gel-fluid coexistence region, another form of phase coexistence is observed. The solid nature of the gel phase is confirmed using micropipette aspiration. The combined thermodynamic, structural, and mechanical data allow us to construct a phase diagram. Our results show that farnesol preferentially partitions into the fluid phase and induces phase coexistence in membranes below the main transition of the pure lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Rowat
- Department of Physics, University of Southern Denmark, MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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39
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Shearer AG, Hampton RY. Lipid-mediated, reversible misfolding of a sterol-sensing domain protein. EMBO J 2005; 24:149-59. [PMID: 15635451 PMCID: PMC544911 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2004] [Accepted: 11/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular quality control requires recognition of common features of misfolding, and so is not typically associated with the specific targeting of individual proteins. However, physiologically regulated degradation of yeast HMG-CoA reductase (Hmg2p) occurs by the HRD endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway, implying that Hmg2p undergoes a regulated transition to a quality control substrate in response to a sterol pathway molecule. Using in vitro structural assays, we now show that the pathway derivative farnesol causes Hmg2p to undergo a change to a less folded structure. The effect is reversible, biologically relevant by numerous criteria, highly specific for farnesol structure, and requires an intact Hmg2p sterol-sensing domain. This represents a distinct lipid-sensing function for this highly conserved motif that suggests novel approaches to cholesterol management. More generally, our observation of reversible small-molecule-mediated misfolding may herald numerous examples of regulated quality control to be discovered in biology or applied in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Shearer
- Department of Biology, UCSD Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Molecular Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Randolph Y Hampton
- Department of Biology, UCSD Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Molecular Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, UCSD Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Molecular Biology, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Tel.: +1 858 822 0511/0512; Fax: +1 858 534 0555; E-mail:
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40
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Yuyama H, Sanagi M, Koakutsu A, Mori M, Fujimori A, Harada H, Sudoh K, Miyata K. Pharmacological characterization of YM598, an orally active and highly potent selective endothelin ET(A) receptor antagonist. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 478:61-71. [PMID: 14555186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We describe here the pharmacology of (E)-N-[6-methoxy-5-(2-methoxyphenoxy)[2,2'-bipyrimidin]-4-yl]-2-phenylethenesulfonamide monopotassium salt (YM598), a novel selective endothelin ET(A) receptor antagonist synthesized through the modification of the ET(A)/ET(B) non-selective antagonist, bosentan. YM598 inhibited [125I]endothelin-1 binding to cloned human endothelin ET(A) and ET(B) receptor, with K(i) of 0.697 and 569 nM, and inhibited endothelin-1-induced increases in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in human and rat endothelin ET(A) receptor. YM598 also inhibited endothelin-1-induced vasoconstriction in isolated rat aorta with a pA(2) value of 7.6. In vivo, YM598 inhibited the pressor response to big endothelin-1, a precursor peptide of endothelin-1. DR(2) values of YM598 in pithed rats were 0.53 mg/kg, i.v. and 0.77 mg/kg, p.o., and its antagonism in conscious rats was maintained for more than 6.5 h at 1 mg/kg, p.o. In contrast, YM598 had no effect on the sarafotoxin S6c-induced depressor or pressor responses. YM598 showed not only superior antagonistic activity and higher-selectivity for endothelin ET(A) receptor in vitro, but at least a 30-fold higher potency in vivo than bosentan. In conclusion, YM598 is a potent and orally active selective endothelin ET(A) receptor antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Yuyama
- Pharmacology Laboratories Institute for Drug Discovery Research, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, 21, Miyukigaoka, Ibaraki Tsukuba 305-8585, Japan.
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DeBarber AE, Bleyle LA, Roullet JBO, Koop DR. ω-Hydroxylation of farnesol by mammalian cytochromes P450. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2004; 1682:18-27. [PMID: 15158752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2004.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2003] [Revised: 01/14/2004] [Accepted: 01/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that mammalian cytochromes p450 participate in the metabolism of terpenes, yet their role in the biotransformation of farnesol, an endogenous 15-carbon isoprenol, is unknown. In this report, [(14)C]-farnesol was transformed to more polar metabolites by NADPH-supplemented mammalian microsomes. In experiments with microsomes isolated from acetone-treated animals, the production of one polar metabolite was induced, suggesting catalysis by CYP2E1. The metabolite was identified as (2E, 6E, 10E)-12-hydroxyfarnesol. In studies with purified CYP2E1, 12-hydroxyfarnesol was obtained as the major product of farnesol metabolism. Among a series of available human p450 enzymes, only CYP2C19 also produced 12-hydroxyfarnesol. However, in individual human microsomes, CYP2E1 was calculated to contribute up to 62% toward total 12-hydroxyfarnesol production, suggesting CYP2E1 as the major catalyst. Mammalian cells expressing CYP2E1 demonstrated further farnesol metabolism to alpha,omega-prenyl dicarboxylic acids. Since such acids were identified in animal urine, the data suggest that CYP2E1 could be an important regulator of farnesol homeostasis in vivo. In addition, CYP2E1-dependent 12-hydroxyfarnesol formation was inhibited by pharmacological alcohol levels. Given that farnesol is a signaling molecule implicated in the regulation of tissue and cell processes, the biological activity of ethanol may be mediated in part by interaction with CYP2E1-dependent farnesol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E DeBarber
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Abstract
The isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway is the source of a wide array of products. The pathway has been highly conserved throughout evolution, and isoprenoids are some of the most ancient biomolecules ever identified, playing key roles in many life forms. In this review we focus on C-10 mono-, C-15 sesqui-, and C-20 diterpenes. Evidence for interconversion between the pathway intermediates farnesyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate and their respective metabolites is examined. The diverse functions of these molecules are discussed in detail, including their ability to regulate expression of the beta-HMG-CoA reductase and Ras-related proteins. Additional topics include the mechanisms underlying the apoptotic effects of select isoprenoids, antiulcer activities, and the disposition and degradation of isoprenoids in the environment. Finally, the significance of pharmacological manipulation of the isoprenoid pathway and clinical correlations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Holstein
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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43
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Rowat AC, Davis JH. Farnesol-DMPC phase behaviour: a 2H-NMR study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2004; 1661:178-87. [PMID: 15003880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2004.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2003] [Revised: 12/16/2003] [Accepted: 01/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Involved in a number of diverse metabolic and functional contexts, farnesol is a central component of the mevalonate pathway, post-translationally attaches to proteins, and affects a number of other membrane-associated events. Despite farnesol's biological implications, a detailed analysis of how farnesol affects the physical properties and phase behaviour of lipid membranes is lacking. As (2)H-NMR spectra are sensitive to molecular motions and acyl chain orientation, they can be used to measure the degree of molecular order present in the system. Also, since the (2)H-NMR spectra of fluid and gel phase lipids are very different, they are sensitive probes of membrane phase equilibrium and can be used to determine fluid-gel phase boundaries. In this study, dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine-d(54) (DMPC-d(54)) bilayers containing varying concentrations of trans-trans farnesol (2.5-20.0 mol%) are investigated over a range of temperatures (8-30 degrees C). Analysis of these spectra has led to the construction of a farnesol-DMPC-d(54) temperature-composition plot. We show that increasing concentrations of farnesol induce a decrease in the fluid-gel phase transition temperature and promote fluid-gel coexistence. Interestingly, farnesol does not seem to affect the quadrupolar splittings (Delta v(Q)) in the fluid phase, i.e., the organization of farnesol within the bilayer and its interaction with phospholipids does not appreciably influence acyl chain order in the fluid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Rowat
- MEMPHYS, Center for Biomembrane Physics, Department of Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-52 30 Odense, Denmark
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Grünler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet Medical School, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hornby JM, Kebaara BW, Nickerson KW. Farnesol biosynthesis in Candida albicans: cellular response to sterol inhibition by zaragozic acid B. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47:2366-9. [PMID: 12821501 PMCID: PMC161837 DOI: 10.1128/aac.47.7.2366-2369.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The dimorphic fungus Candida albicans produces farnesol as a quorum-sensing molecule that regulates cellular morphology. The biosynthetic origin of farnesol has been resolved by treating these cells with zaragozic acid B, a potent inhibitor of squalene synthase in the sterol biosynthetic pathway. Treatment with zaragozic acid B leads to an eightfold increase in the amount of farnesol produced by C. albicans. Furthermore, C. albicans cell extracts contain enzymatic activity to convert [(3)H]farnesyl pyrophosphate to [(3)H]farnesol. Many common antifungal antibiotics (e.g., zaragozic acids, azoles, and allylamines) target steps in sterol biosynthesis. We suggest that the fungicidal activity of zaragozic acid derives in large part from the accumulation of farnesol that accompanies the inhibition of sterol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Hornby
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0666, USA
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46
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Ownby SE, Hohl RJ. Isoprenoid alcohols restore protein isoprenylation in a time-dependent manner independent of protein synthesis. Lipids 2003; 38:751-9. [PMID: 14506838 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-003-1123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mevalonic acid derivatives are required for the isoprenylation of a variety of growth-regulating proteins. Treatment of NIH3T3 cells with lovastatin (LOV), an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, depletes cells of these derivatives and impairs isoprenylation of RAS and RAS-related proteins. In LOV-treated cells, farnesol (FOH) and geranylgeraniol (GGOH) restore RAS and Rap1 isoprenylation, respectively. In this study, we further characterize the manner in which these isoprenoid alcohols are utilized for protein isoprenylation. Over a 48-h time span, FOH is unable to maintain RAS isoprenylation in the continuing presence of LOV, whereas GGOH is able to maintain Rap1 isoprenylation in the presence of LOV at all times tested. When cells are pretreated with LOV, the ability of both FOH and GGOH to restore protein isoprenylation is time dependent; as the LOV pretreatment time increases, the time required for FOH and GGOH to restore isoprenylation also increases. Despite this time dependence, the ability of FOH and GGOH to restore protein isoprenylation is not dependent on new protein synthesis and does not require alcohol dehydrogenase. These data support the existence of and further characterize the isoprenoid shunt, a novel metabolic pathway that utilizes FOH and GGOH for protein isoprenylation. The enzymes of the isoprenoid shunt are constitutively expressed, their activity may be modulated by isoprenoid depletion, and they are differentially regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Ownby
- Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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47
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Xu H, Zhao H, Tian W, Yoshida K, Roullet JB, Cohen DM. Regulation of a transient receptor potential (TRP) channel by tyrosine phosphorylation. SRC family kinase-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of TRPV4 on TYR-253 mediates its response to hypotonic stress. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:11520-7. [PMID: 12538589 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m211061200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently identified transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family member, TRPV4 (formerly known as OTRPC4, VR-OAC, TRP12, and VRL-2) is activated by hypotonicity. It is highly expressed in the kidney as well as blood-brain barrier-deficient hypothalamic nuclei responsible for systemic osmosensing. Apart from its gating by hypotonicity, little is known about TRPV4 regulation. We observed that hypotonic stress resulted in rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of TRPV4 in a heterologous expression model and in native murine distal convoluted tubule cells in culture. This tyrosine phosphorylation was sensitive to the inhibitor of Src family tyrosine kinases, PP1, in a dose-dependent fashion. TRPV4 associated with Src family kinases by co-immunoprecipitation studies and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, and this interaction required an intact Src family kinase SH2 domain. One of these kinases, Lyn, was activated by hypotonic stress and phosphorylated TRPV4 in an immune complex kinase assay and an in vitro kinase assay using recombinant Lyn and TRPV4. Transfection of wild-type Lyn dramatically potentiated hypotonicity-dependent TRPV4 tyrosine phosphorylation whereas dominant negative-acting Lyn modestly inhibited it. Through mutagenesis studies, the site of tonicity-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation was mapped to Tyr-253, which is conserved across all species from which TRPV4 has been cloned. Importantly, point mutation of Tyr-253 abolished hypotonicity-dependent channel activity. In aggregate, these data indicate that hypotonic stress results in Src family tyrosine kinase-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of the tonicity sensor TRPV4 at residue Tyr-253 and that this residue is essential for channel function in this context. This is the first example of direct regulation of TRP channel function through tyrosine phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshi Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University and the Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
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48
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Hiyoshi H, Yanagimachi M, Ito M, Yasuda N, Okada T, Ikuta H, Shinmyo D, Tanaka K, Kurusu N, Yoshida I, Abe S, Saeki T, Tanaka H. Squalene synthase inhibitors suppress triglyceride biosynthesis through the farnesol pathway in rat hepatocytes. J Lipid Res 2003; 44:128-35. [PMID: 12518031 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m200316-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that squalene synthase (SQS) inhibitors reduce plasma triglyceride through an LDL receptor-independent mechanism in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits (Hiyoshi et al. 2001. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 431: 345-352). The present study deals with the mechanism of the inhibition of triglyceride biosynthesis by the SQS inhibitors ER-27856 and RPR-107393 in rat primary cultured hepatocytes. Atorvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, had no effect on triglyceride biosynthesis, but reversed the inhibitory effect of the SQS inhibitors. A squalene epoxidase inhibitor, NB-598, affected neither triglyceride biosynthesis nor its inhibition by ER-27856 and RPR-107393. The reduction of triglyceride biosynthesis by ER-27856 and RPR-107393 was potentiated by mevalonolactone supplementation. Treatment of hepatocytes with farnesol and its derivatives reduced triglyceride biosynthesis. In addition, we found that ER-27856 and RPR-107393 significantly reduced the incorporation of [1-(14)C]acetic acid into oleic acid, but not the incorporation of [1-(14)C]oleic acid into triglyceride. Though ER-27856 and RPR-107393 increased mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation, the inhibition of beta-oxidation by RS-etomoxir had little effect on their inhibition of triglyceride biosynthesis. These results suggest that SQS inhibitors reduce triglyceride biosynthesis by suppressing fatty acid biosynthesis via an increase in intracellular farnesol and its derivatives.
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Takahashi N, Kawada T, Goto T, Yamamoto T, Taimatsu A, Matsui N, Kimura K, Saito M, Hosokawa M, Miyashita K, Fushiki T. Dual action of isoprenols from herbal medicines on both PPARgamma and PPARalpha in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HepG2 hepatocytes. FEBS Lett 2002; 514:315-22. [PMID: 11943173 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)02390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Several herbal medicines improve hyperlipidemia, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this improvement has not yet been clarified. In this study, we found that several isoprenols, common components of herbal plants, activate human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) as determined using the novel GAL4 ligand-binding domain chimera assay system with coactivator coexpression. Farnesol and geranylgeraniol that are typical isoprenols in herbs and fruits activated not only PPARgamma but also PPARalpha as determined using the chimera assay system. These compounds also activated full-length human PPARgamma and PPARalpha in CV1 cells. Moreover, these isoprenols upregulated the expression of some lipid metabolic target genes of PPARgamma and PPARalpha in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HepG2 hepatocytes, respectively. These results suggest that herbal medicines containing isoprenols with dual action on both PPARgamma and PPARalpha can be of interest for the amelioration of lipid metabolic disorders associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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50
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Snutch TP, Sutton KG, Zamponi GW. Voltage-dependent calcium channels--beyond dihydropyridine antagonists. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2001; 1:11-6. [PMID: 11712528 DOI: 10.1016/s1471-4892(01)00012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The blockade of L-type calcium channels by dihydropyridines, phenylalkylamines and benzothiazepines has been well described and forms the basis of a multibillion dollar market for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and migraine. More recently, neuron-specific calcium channels have become the subject of intense interest regarding their potential as therapeutic targets for the treatment of chronic and neuropathic pain. A number of recently described agents that selectively target neuronal calcium channels have been described and appear promising for a variety of pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Snutch
- Biotechnology Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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