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Ellis ML, Terreaux A, Alwis I, Smythe R, Perdomo J, Eckly A, Cranmer SL, Passam FH, Maclean J, Schoenwaelder SM, Ruggeri ZM, Lanza F, Taoudi S, Yuan Y, Jackson SP. GPIbα-filamin A interaction regulates megakaryocyte localization and budding during platelet biogenesis. Blood 2024; 143:342-356. [PMID: 37922495 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα) is expressed on the surface of platelets and megakaryocytes (MKs) and anchored to the membrane skeleton by filamin A (flnA). Although GPIb and flnA have fundamental roles in platelet biogenesis, the nature of this interaction in megakaryocyte biology remains ill-defined. We generated a mouse model expressing either human wild-type (WT) GPIbα (hGPIbαWT) or a flnA-binding mutant (hGPIbαFW) and lacking endogenous mouse GPIbα. Mice expressing the mutant GPIbα transgene exhibited macrothrombocytopenia with preserved GPIb surface expression. Platelet clearance was normal and differentiation of MKs to proplatelets was unimpaired in hGPIbαFW mice. The most striking abnormalities in hGPIbαFW MKs were the defective formation of the demarcation membrane system (DMS) and the redistribution of flnA from the cytoplasm to the peripheral margin of MKs. These abnormalities led to disorganized internal MK membranes and the generation of enlarged megakaryocyte membrane buds. The defective flnA-GPIbα interaction also resulted in misdirected release of buds away from the vasculature into bone marrow interstitium. Restoring the linkage between flnA and GPIbα corrected the flnA redistribution within MKs and DMS ultrastructural defects as well as restored normal bud size and release into sinusoids. These studies define a new mechanism of macrothrombocytopenia resulting from dysregulated MK budding. The link between flnA and GPIbα is not essential for the MK budding process, however, it plays a major role in regulating the structure of the DMS, bud morphogenesis, and the localized release of buds into the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc L Ellis
- Thrombosis Research Group, The Heart Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Antoine Terreaux
- Blood Cell Formation Lab, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Imala Alwis
- Thrombosis Research Group, The Heart Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Rhyll Smythe
- Thrombosis Research Group, The Heart Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jose Perdomo
- Haematology Research Unit, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anita Eckly
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, French Blood Establishment (EFS) Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Susan L Cranmer
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Freda H Passam
- Thrombosis Research Group, The Heart Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica Maclean
- Thrombosis Research Group, The Heart Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Simone M Schoenwaelder
- Thrombosis Research Group, The Heart Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Zaverio M Ruggeri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center on Vascular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Francois Lanza
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, French Blood Establishment (EFS) Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Samir Taoudi
- Blood Cell Formation Lab, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuping Yuan
- Thrombosis Research Group, The Heart Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Shaun P Jackson
- Thrombosis Research Group, The Heart Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center on Vascular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
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Wu T, Xu Y, Zhang L, Liang Z, Zhou X, Evans SM, Chen J. Filamin C is Essential for mammalian myocardial integrity. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010630. [PMID: 36706168 PMCID: PMC9907827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
FLNC, encoding filamin C, is one of the most mutated genes in dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, the precise role of filamin C in mammalian heart remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated Flnc global (FlncgKO) and cardiomyocyte-specific knockout (FlnccKO) mice died in utero from severely ruptured ventricular myocardium, indicating filamin C is required to maintain the structural integrity of myocardium in the mammalian heart. Contrary to the common belief that filamin C acts as an integrin inactivator, we observed attenuated activation of β1 integrin specifically in the myocardium of FlncgKO mice. Although deleting β1 integrin from cardiomyocytes did not recapitulate the heart rupture phenotype in Flnc knockout mice, deleting both β1 integrin and filamin C from cardiomyocytes resulted in much more severe heart ruptures than deleting filamin C alone. Our results demonstrated that filamin C works in concert with β1 integrin to maintain the structural integrity of myocardium during mammalian heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongbin Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Yujun Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Lunfeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Zhengyu Liang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Xiaohai Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sylvia M. Evans
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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Noureddine M, Gehmlich K. Structural and signaling proteins in the Z-disk and their role in cardiomyopathies. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1143858. [PMID: 36935760 PMCID: PMC10017460 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1143858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The sarcomere is the smallest functional unit of muscle contraction. It is delineated by a protein-rich structure known as the Z-disk, alternating with M-bands. The Z-disk anchors the actin-rich thin filaments and plays a crucial role in maintaining the mechanical stability of the cardiac muscle. A multitude of proteins interact with each other at the Z-disk and they regulate the mechanical properties of the thin filaments. Over the past 2 decades, the role of the Z-disk in cardiac muscle contraction has been assessed widely, however, the impact of genetic variants in Z-disk proteins has still not been fully elucidated. This review discusses the various Z-disk proteins (alpha-actinin, filamin C, titin, muscle LIM protein, telethonin, myopalladin, nebulette, and nexilin) and Z-disk-associated proteins (desmin, and obscurin) and their role in cardiac structural stability and intracellular signaling. This review further explores how genetic variants of Z-disk proteins are linked to inherited cardiac conditions termed cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Noureddine
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Maya Noureddine, ; Katja Gehmlich,
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Maya Noureddine, ; Katja Gehmlich,
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Azlan A, Yunus MA, Abdul Halim M, Azzam G. Revised Annotation and Characterization of Novel Aedes albopictus miRNAs and Their Potential Functions in Dengue Virus Infection. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101536. [PMID: 36290439 PMCID: PMC9598099 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus) is an important vector of the dengue virus. Genetics and molecular studies of virus infection in mosquito vectors are important to uncover the basic biology of the virus. It has been reported that miRNAs are important and possess functional roles in virus infection in Ae. albopictus. Here, we report a comprehensive catalog of miRNAs using the latest genome version of Ae. albopictus. We discovered a total of 72 novel mature miRNAs, 44 of which were differentially expressed in C6/36 cells infected with the dengue virus. Target prediction analysis revealed that the differentially expressed miRNAs were involved in lipid metabolism and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. Results from this study provide a valuable resource for researchers to study miRNAs in this mosquito vector, especially in host–virus interactions. Abstract The Asian tiger mosquito, Ae. albopictus, is a highly invasive species that transmits several arboviruses including dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya (CHIKV). Although several studies have identified microRNAs (miRNAs) in Ae. albopictus, it is crucial to extend and improve current annotations with both the newly improved genome assembly and the increased number of small RNA-sequencing data. We combined our high-depth sequence data and 26 public datasets to re-annotate Ae. albopictus miRNAs and found a total of 72 novel mature miRNAs. We discovered that the expression of novel miRNAs was lower than known miRNAs. Furthermore, compared to known miRNAs, novel miRNAs are prone to expression in a stage-specific manner. Upon DENV infection, a total of 44 novel miRNAs were differentially expressed, and target prediction analysis revealed that miRNA-target genes were involved in lipid metabolism and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum. Taken together, the miRNA annotation profile provided here is the most comprehensive to date. We believed that this would facilitate future research in understanding virus–host interactions, particularly in the role of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azali Azlan
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Amir Yunus
- Infectomics Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mardani Abdul Halim
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.A.H.); (G.A.)
| | - Ghows Azzam
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Jalan Bangi, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.A.H.); (G.A.)
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Su Y, Yang X, Yang L, Liu X, She Z, Zhang Y, Dong Z. Thyroid hormones regulate reelin expression in neuropsychiatric disorders. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:1033-1044. [PMID: 36166833 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnancy have increased over the past two decades, leading to the occurrence of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of thyroid hormone (TH)-regulated gene expression and neuropsychiatric development during the postnatal period remain unknown. Recent achievements have shown that reelin, a large extracellular glycoprotein, plays a crucial role in neuronal migration and localization during the development of neocortex and cerebellar cortex, thereby participating in the development of neuropsychiatric diseases. Reelin-induced neuronal migration requires triiodothyronine (T3) from the deiodination of thyroxine (T4) by fetal brain deiodinases. Previous studies have reported decreased reelin levels and abnormal gene expression, which are the same as the pathological alternations in reelin-induced neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and autism. Low T3 in the fetal brain due to hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy may be detrimental to neuronal migration, leading to neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we focus on the reelin expression between hypothyroidism and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Su
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401334, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Pediatrics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401334, PR China
| | - Lu Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401334, PR China
| | - Xinjing Liu
- College of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401334, PR China
| | - Zhenghang She
- College of Pediatrics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401334, PR China
| | - Youwen Zhang
- College of Pediatrics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401334, PR China
| | - Zhifang Dong
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
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Guenther C. β2-Integrins – Regulatory and Executive Bridges in the Signaling Network Controlling Leukocyte Trafficking and Migration. Front Immunol 2022; 13:809590. [PMID: 35529883 PMCID: PMC9072638 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.809590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte trafficking is an essential process of immunity, occurring as leukocytes travel within the bloodstream and as leukocyte migration within tissues. While it is now established that leukocytes can utilize the mesenchymal migration mode or amoeboid migration mode, differences in the migratory behavior of leukocyte subclasses and how these are realized on a molecular level in each subclass is not fully understood. To outline these differences, first migration modes and their dependence on parameters of the extracellular environments will be explained, as well as the intracellular molecular machinery that powers migration in general. Extracellular parameters are detected by adhesion receptors such as integrins. β2-integrins are surface receptors exclusively expressed on leukocytes and are essential for leukocytes exiting the bloodstream, as well as in mesenchymal migration modes, however, integrins are dispensable for the amoeboid migration mode. Additionally, the balance of different RhoGTPases – which are downstream of surface receptor signaling, including integrins – mediate formation of membrane structures as well as actin dynamics. Individual leukocyte subpopulations have been shown to express distinct RhoGTPase profiles along with their differences in migration behavior, which will be outlined. Emerging aspects of leukocyte migration include signal transduction from integrins via actin to the nucleus that regulates DNA status, gene expression profiles and ultimately leukocyte migratory phenotypes, as well as altered leukocyte migration in tumors, which will be touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Guenther
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Carla Guenther,
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El-Ali AM, Strubel NA, Lala SV. Congenital lung lesions: a radiographic pattern approach. Pediatr Radiol 2022; 52:622-636. [PMID: 34716454 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-021-05210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Congenital lung malformations represent a spectrum of abnormalities that can overlap in imaging appearance and frequently coexist in the same child. Imaging diagnosis in the neonatal period can be challenging; however, the recognition of several archetypal radiographic patterns can aid in narrowing the differential diagnosis. Major radiographic archetypes include (1) hyperlucent lung, (2) pulmonary cysts, (3) focal opacity and (4) normal radiograph. Here we review the multimodality imaging appearances of the most commonly seen congenital lung malformations, categorized by their primary imaging archetypes. Along with the congenital lung malformations, we present several important imaging mimickers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Maad El-Ali
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Ave., New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Naomi A Strubel
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Ave., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Shailee V Lala
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Ave., New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Bang ML, Bogomolovas J, Chen J. Understanding the molecular basis of cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H181-H233. [PMID: 34797172 PMCID: PMC8759964 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00562.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and can be caused by mutations in a wide range of proteins located in different cellular compartments. The present review is based on Dr. Ju Chen's 2021 Robert M. Berne Distinguished Lectureship of the American Physiological Society Cardiovascular Section, in which he provided an overview of the current knowledge on the cardiomyopathy-associated proteins that have been studied in his laboratory. The review provides a general summary of the proteins in different compartments of cardiomyocytes associated with cardiomyopathies, with specific focus on the proteins that have been studied in Dr. Chen's laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Bang
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Julius Bogomolovas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ju Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Zhiping LL, Ong LT, Chatterjee D, Tan SM, Bhattacharjya S. Binary and ternary complexes of FLNa-Ig21 with cytosolic tails of αMß2 integrin reveal dual role of filamin mediated regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:130005. [PMID: 34509570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytoskeletal protein filamin A is critical for the outside-in signaling of integrins. Although molecular mechanisms of filamin-integrin interactions are not fully understood. Mostly, the membrane distal (MD) part of the cytosolic tail (CT) of β subunit of integrin is known to interact with filamin A domain 21 (FLNa-Ig2). However, binary and ternary complexes of full-length CTs of leucocyte specific ß2 integrins with FLNa-Ig21 are yet to be elucidated. METHODS Binding interactions of the CTs of integrin αMß2 with FLNa-Ig21 are extensively investigated by NMR, ITC, cell-based functional assays and computational docking. RESULTS The αM CT demonstrates interactions with FLNa-Ig21 forming a binary complex. Filamin/αM interface is mediated by sidechain-sidechain interactions among non-polar and aromatic residues involving MP helix of αM and the canonical CD face of FLNa-Ig21. Functional assays delineated an interfacial residue Y1137 of αM CT is critical for in-cell binding to FLNa-Ig2. In addition, full-length ß2 CT occupies two distinct binding sites in complex with FLNa-Ig21. A ternary complex of FLNa-Ig21 with CTs has been characterized. In the ternary complex, αM CT moves away to a distal site of FLNa-Ig21 with fewer interactions. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate a plausible dual role of filamin in integrin regulation. The molecular interactions of the ternary complex are critical for the resting state of integrins whereas stable FLNa-Ig21/αM CT binary complex perhaps be required for the activated state. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Filamin binding to both α and β CTs of other integrins could be essential in regulating bidirectional signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Lu Zhiping
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Li-Teng Ong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Deepak Chatterjee
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Suet-Mien Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Surajit Bhattacharjya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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Filamin A Mutations: A New Cause of Unexplained Emphysema in Adults? Chest 2021; 159:e131-e135. [PMID: 33678279 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emphysema is a chronic respiratory disorder characterized by destruction of alveoli, usually due to cigarette smoking or exposure to noxious particles or gases. Dysfunction of proteins that are involved in lung development and maintenance, such as alpha-1 antitrypsin, also contributes to emphysema. Filamin A (FLNA) is an actin-binding protein involved in cytoskeleton reorganization. Mutations in the FLNA gene classically lead to abnormal neuronal migration and connective and vascular tissue anomalies. Pulmonary manifestations consist of a wide range of pulmonary disorders that occur during infancy. We report the first familial case of emphysema in non- and very low-smoking adults who carry a loss-of-function mutation of the FLNA gene. The identification of this new risk factor for emphysema encourages (1) screening, prevention and monitoring of pulmonary disorders in patients with FLNA mutation and (2) screening for FLNA mutation in patients with early-onset emphysema that is associated with low-smoking or vascular or connective tissue anomalies.
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Avila-Bonilla RG, Yocupicio-Monroy M, Marchat LA, Pérez-Ishiwara DG, Cerecedo-Mercado DA, Del Ángel RM, Salas-Benito JS. miR-927 has pro-viral effects during acute and persistent infection with dengue virus type 2 in C6/36 mosquito cells. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:825-839. [PMID: 32478656 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an important flavivirus that is transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes, where it can establish a persistent infection underlying vertical and horizontal transmission. However, the exact mechanism of persistent DENV infection is not well understood. Recently miR-927 was found to be upregulated in C6/36-HT cells at 57 weeks of persistent infection (C6-L57), suggesting its participation during this type of infection. The aim of this study was to determine the role of miR-927 during infection with DENV type 2. The results indicate an overexpression of miR-927 in C6-L57 cells and acutely infected cells according to the time of infection and the m.o.i. used. The downregulation of miR-927 in C6-L57 cells results in a reduction of both viral titre and viral genome copy number. The overexpression of miR-927 in C6-L40 and C6/36 cells infected at an m.o.i. of 0.1 causes an increase in both viral titre and viral genome copy number, suggesting a pro-viral activity of miR-927. In silico prediction analysis reveals target mRNAs for miR-927 are implicated in post-translational modifications (SUMO), translation factors (eIF-2B), the innate immune system (NKIRAS), exocytosis (EXOC-2), endocytosis (APM1) and the cytoskeleton (FLN). The expression levels of FLN were the most affected by both miR-927 overexpression and inhibition, and FLN was determined to be a direct target of miR-927 by a dual-luciferase gene reporter assay. FLN has been associated with the regulation of the Toll pathway and either overexpression or downregulation of miR-927 resulted in expression changes of antimicrobial peptides (Cecropins A and G, and Defensin D) involved in the Toll pathway response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Gamaliel Avila-Bonilla
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Massieu Helguera 249, La Escalera-Ticomán, Mexico City CP 07320, Mexico
| | - Martha Yocupicio-Monroy
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, San Lorenzo 290, Del Valle, Mexico City CP 03100, Mexico
| | - Laurence A Marchat
- Programa Institucional de Biomedicina Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Massieu Helguera 249, La Escalera-Ticomán, Mexico City CP 07320, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Massieu Helguera 249, La Escalera-Ticomán, Mexico City CP 07320, Mexico
| | - David Guillermo Pérez-Ishiwara
- Programa Institucional de Biomedicina Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Massieu Helguera 249, La Escalera-Ticomán, Mexico City CP 07320, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Massieu Helguera 249, La Escalera-Ticomán, Mexico City CP 07320, Mexico
| | - Doris Atenea Cerecedo-Mercado
- Programa Institucional de Biomedicina Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Massieu Helguera 249, La Escalera-Ticomán, Mexico City CP 07320, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Massieu Helguera 249, La Escalera-Ticomán, Mexico City CP 07320, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Del Ángel
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Juan Santiago Salas-Benito
- Programa Institucional de Biomedicina Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Massieu Helguera 249, La Escalera-Ticomán, Mexico City CP 07320, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Massieu Helguera 249, La Escalera-Ticomán, Mexico City CP 07320, Mexico
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12
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Mechanics of actin filaments in cancer onset and progress. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 355:205-243. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Levitsky LI, Kliuchnikova AA, Kuznetsova KG, Karpov DS, Ivanov MV, Pyatnitskiy MA, Kalinina OV, Gorshkov MV, Moshkovskii SA. Adenosine-to-Inosine RNA Editing in Mouse and Human Brain Proteomes. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1900195. [PMID: 31576663 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteogenomics is based on the use of customized genome or RNA sequencing databases for interrogation of shotgun proteomics data in search for proteome-level evidence of genome variations or RNA editing. In this work, the products of adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing in human and murine brain proteomes are identified using publicly available brain proteome LC-MS/MS datasets and an RNA editome database compiled from several sources. After filtering of false-positive results, 20 and 37 sites of editing in proteins belonging to 14 and 32 genes are identified for murine and human brain proteomes, respectively. Eight sites of editing identified with high spectral counts overlapped between human and mouse brain samples. Some of these sites have been previously reported using orthogonal methods, such as α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptors, CYFIP2, coatomer alpha. Also, differential editing between neurons and microglia is demonstrated in this work for some of the proteins from primary murine brain cell cultures. Because many edited sites are still not characterized functionally at the protein level, the results provide a necessary background for their further analysis in normal and diseased cells and tissues using targeted proteomic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev I Levitsky
- V. L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Anna A Kliuchnikova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya st., Moscow, 119121, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova st., Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Ksenia G Kuznetsova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya st., Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Karpov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya st., Moscow, 119121, Russia.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Mark V Ivanov
- V. L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Pyatnitskiy
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya st., Moscow, 119121, Russia.,Onco Genotest LLC, Moscow, 125047, Russia.,Department of Technologies for Complex System Modelling, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | - Olga V Kalinina
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße, Homburg, 66421, Germany
| | - Mikhail V Gorshkov
- V. L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, 141700, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Sergei A Moshkovskii
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya st., Moscow, 119121, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova st., Moscow, 117997, Russia
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14
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Gemelli C, Prada V, Fiorillo C, Fabbri S, Maggi L, Geroldi A, Gibertini S, Mandich P, Trevisan L, Fossa P, Tagliafico AS, Schenone A, Grandis M. A novel mutation in the N-terminal acting-binding domain of Filamin C protein causing a distal myofibrillar myopathy. J Neurol Sci 2019; 398:75-78. [PMID: 30685713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Variants in Filamin C (FLNC) gene may cause either cardiomyopathies or different myopathies. We describe a family affected by a distal myopathy with autosomal dominant inheritance. The onset of the disease was in the third decade with gait impairment due to distal leg weakness. Subsequently, the disease progressed with an involvement of proximal lower limbs and hand muscles. Muscle biopsy, performed in one subject,identified relevant myofibrillar abnormalities. We performed a target gene panel testing for myofibrillar myopathies by NGS approach which identified a novel mutation in exon 3 of FLNC gene (c.A664G:p.M222V), within the N-terminal actin-binding (ABD) domain. This variant has been identified in all affected members of the family, thus supporting its pathogenic role. Differently from previously identified variants, our family showed a predominant leg involvement and myofibrillar aggregates, thus further expanding the spectrum of Filamin C related myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gemelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova, Largo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Valeria Prada
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova, Largo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genova, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Sabrina Fabbri
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova, Largo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maggi
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Geroldi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova, Largo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Sara Gibertini
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Mandich
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova, Largo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-Medical Genetic Unit, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucia Trevisan
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova, Largo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-Medical Genetic Unit, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Fossa
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Stefano Tagliafico
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Radiology Section, University of Genova, Via Pastore, 1-16132 Genova, Italy; Emergency Radiology, Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Angelo Schenone
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova, Largo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-Neurological Unit, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marina Grandis
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova, Largo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-Neurological Unit, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
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15
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Park H, Park MS, Ki CS, Cho J, Lee J, Kim J, Ahn K. A case of FLNAgene mutation with respiratory insufficiency and periventricular heterotopia. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2019. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2019.7.3.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hwanhee Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Seung Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Ki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joongbum Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeehun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kangmo Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Shelmerdine SC, Semple T, Wallis C, Aurora P, Moledina S, Ashworth MT, Owens CM. Filamin A (FLNA) mutation-A newcomer to the childhood interstitial lung disease (ChILD) classification. Pediatr Pulmonol 2017; 52:1306-1315. [PMID: 28898549 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Interstitial lung disease (ILD) in infants represents a rare and heterogenous group of disorders, distinct from those occurring in adults. In recent years a new entity within this category is being recognized, namely filamin A (FLNA) mutation related lung disease. Our aims are to describe the clinical and radiological course of patients with this disease entity to aid clinicians in the prognostic counseling and management of similar patients they may encounter. METHOD A retrospective case note review was conducted of all patients treated at our institution (a specialist tertiary referral childrens' center) for genetically confirmed FLNA mutation related lung disease. The clinical presentation, evolution, management and radiological features were recorded and a medical literature review of Medline indexed articles was conducted. RESULTS We present a case series of four patients with interstitial lung disease and genetically confirmed abnormalities within the FLNA gene. Their imaging findings all reveal a pattern of predominantly upper lobe overinflation, coarse pulmonary lobular septal thickening and diffuse patchy atelectasis. The clinical outcomes of our patients have been variable ranging from infant death, lobar resection and need for supplemental oxygen and bronchodilators. CONCLUSION The progressive nature of the pulmonary aspect of this disorder and need for early aggressive supportive treatment make identification crucial to patient management and prognostic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Semple
- Department of Clinical Radiology, The Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Colin Wallis
- Department of Respiratory Paediatrics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paul Aurora
- Department of Respiratory Paediatrics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Shahin Moledina
- National Paediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Service UK, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Catherine M Owens
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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17
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Rohrbeck A, Höltje M, Adolf A, Oms E, Hagemann S, Ahnert-Hilger G, Just I. The Rho ADP-ribosylating C3 exoenzyme binds cells via an Arg-Gly-Asp motif. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:17668-17680. [PMID: 28882889 PMCID: PMC5663871 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.798231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho ADP-ribosylating C3 exoenzyme (C3bot) is a bacterial protein toxin devoid of a cell-binding or -translocation domain. Nevertheless, C3 can efficiently enter intact cells, including neurons, but the mechanism of C3 binding and uptake is not yet understood. Previously, we identified the intermediate filament vimentin as an extracellular membranous interaction partner of C3. However, uptake of C3 into cells still occurs (although reduced) in the absence of vimentin, indicating involvement of an additional host cell receptor. C3 harbors an Arg–Gly–Asp (RGD) motif, which is the major integrin-binding site, present in a variety of integrin ligands. To check whether the RGD motif of C3 is involved in binding to cells, we performed a competition assay with C3 and RGD peptide or with a monoclonal antibody binding to β1-integrin subunit and binding assays in different cell lines, primary neurons, and synaptosomes with C3-RGD mutants. Here, we report that preincubation of cells with the GRGDNP peptide strongly reduced C3 binding to cells. Moreover, mutation of the RGD motif reduced C3 binding to intact cells and also to recombinant vimentin. Anti-integrin antibodies also lowered the C3 binding to cells. Our results indicate that the RGD motif of C3 is at least one essential C3 motif for binding to host cells and that integrin is an additional receptor for C3 besides vimentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Rohrbeck
- From the Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover and
| | - Markus Höltje
- the Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrej Adolf
- the Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Oms
- From the Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover and
| | - Sandra Hagemann
- From the Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover and
| | - Gudrun Ahnert-Hilger
- the Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Just
- From the Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover and
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18
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Bachir AI, Horwitz AR, Nelson WJ, Bianchini JM. Actin-Based Adhesion Modules Mediate Cell Interactions with the Extracellular Matrix and Neighboring Cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:9/7/a023234. [PMID: 28679638 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a023234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesions link cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and to each other and depend on interactions with the actin cytoskeleton. Both cell-ECM and cell-cell adhesion sites contain discrete, yet overlapping, functional modules. These modules establish physical associations with the actin cytoskeleton, locally modulate actin organization and dynamics, and trigger intracellular signaling pathways. Interplay between these modules generates distinct actin architectures that underlie different stages, types, and functions of cell-ECM and cell-cell adhesions. Actomyosin contractility is required to generate mature, stable adhesions, as well as to sense and translate the mechanical properties of the cellular environment into changes in cell organization and behavior. Here, we review the organization and function of different adhesion modules and how they interact with the actin cytoskeleton. We highlight the molecular mechanisms of mechanotransduction in adhesions and how adhesion molecules mediate cross talk between cell-ECM and cell-cell adhesion sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia I Bachir
- Protein and Cell Analysis, Biosciences Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Eugene, Oregon 97402
| | - Alan Rick Horwitz
- Protein and Cell Analysis, Biosciences Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Eugene, Oregon 97402
| | - W James Nelson
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
| | - Julie M Bianchini
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
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19
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Aguilar-Cuenca R, Llorente-Gonzalez C, Vicente C, Vicente-Manzanares M. Microfilament-coordinated adhesion dynamics drives single cell migration and shapes whole tissues. F1000Res 2017; 6:160. [PMID: 28299195 PMCID: PMC5321130 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.10356.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion to the substratum and/or other cells is a crucial step of cell migration. While essential in the case of solitary migrating cells (for example, immune cells), it becomes particularly important in collective cell migration, in which cells maintain contact with their neighbors while moving directionally. Adhesive coordination is paramount in physiological contexts (for example, during organogenesis) but also in pathology (for example, tumor metastasis). In this review, we address the need for a coordinated regulation of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions during collective cell migration. We emphasize the role of the actin cytoskeleton as an intracellular integrator of cadherin- and integrin-based adhesions and the emerging role of mechanics in the maintenance, reinforcement, and turnover of adhesive contacts. Recent advances in understanding the mechanical regulation of several components of cadherin and integrin adhesions allow us to revisit the adhesive clutch hypothesis that controls the degree of adhesive engagement during protrusion. Finally, we provide a brief overview of the major impact of these discoveries when using more physiological three-dimensional models of single and collective cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Aguilar-Cuenca
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Llorente-Gonzalez
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Vicente
- Team of Cell Interactions in Plant Symbiosis, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain; Team of Cell Interactions in Plant Symbiosis, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Wade E, Daniel P, Jenkins Z, McInerney-Leo A, Leo P, Morgan T, Addor M, Adès L, Bertola D, Bohring A, Carter E, Cho TJ, Duba HC, Fletcher E, Kim C, Krakow D, Morava E, Neuhann T, Superti-Furga A, Veenstra-Knol I, Wieczorek D, Wilson L, Hennekam R, Sutherland-Smith A, Strom T, Wilkie A, Brown M, Duncan E, Markie D, Robertson S. Mutations in MAP3K7 that Alter the Activity of the TAK1 Signaling Complex Cause Frontometaphyseal Dysplasia. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:392-406. [PMID: 27426733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontometaphyseal dysplasia (FMD) is a progressive sclerosing skeletal dysplasia affecting the long bones and skull. The cause of FMD in some individuals is gain-of-function mutations in FLNA, although how these mutations result in a hyperostotic phenotype remains unknown. Approximately one half of individuals with FMD have no identified mutation in FLNA and are phenotypically very similar to individuals with FLNA mutations, except for an increased tendency to form keloid scars. Using whole-exome sequencing and targeted Sanger sequencing in 19 FMD-affected individuals with no identifiable FLNA mutation, we identified mutations in two genes-MAP3K7, encoding transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-activated kinase (TAK1), and TAB2, encoding TAK1-associated binding protein 2 (TAB2). Four mutations were found in MAP3K7, including one highly recurrent (n = 15) de novo mutation (c.1454C>T [ p.Pro485Leu]) proximal to the coiled-coil domain of TAK1 and three missense mutations affecting the kinase domain (c.208G>C [p.Glu70Gln], c.299T>A [p.Val100Glu], and c.502G>C [p.Gly168Arg]). Notably, the subjects with the latter three mutations had a milder FMD phenotype. An additional de novo mutation was found in TAB2 (c.1705G>A, p.Glu569Lys). The recurrent mutation does not destabilize TAK1, or impair its ability to homodimerize or bind TAB2, but it does increase TAK1 autophosphorylation and alter the activity of more than one signaling pathway regulated by the TAK1 kinase complex. These findings show that dysregulation of the TAK1 complex produces a close phenocopy of FMD caused by FLNA mutations. Furthermore, they suggest that the pathogenesis of some of the filaminopathies caused by FLNA mutations might be mediated by misregulation of signaling coordinated through the TAK1 signaling complex.
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21
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Abstract
The term “immune synapse” was originally coined to highlight the similarities between the synaptic contacts between neurons in the central nervous system and the cognate, antigen-dependent interactions between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. Here, instead of offering a comprehensive molecular catalogue of molecules involved in the establishment, stabilization, function, and resolution of the immune synapse, we follow a spatiotemporal timeline that begins at the initiation of exploratory contacts between the T cell and the antigen-presenting cell and ends with the termination of the contact. We focus on specific aspects that distinguish synapses established by cytotoxic and T helper cells as well as unresolved issues and controversies regarding the formation of this intercellular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Ortega-Carrion
- Immunology Section, Department of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Immunology Section, Department of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Madawala RJ, Poon CE, Dowland SN, Murphy CR. Actin crosslinking protein filamin A during early pregnancy in the rat uterus. Reprod Fertil Dev 2016; 28:960-968. [DOI: 10.1071/rd14240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During early pregnancy the endometrium undergoes a major transformation in order for it to become receptive to blastocyst implantation. The actin cytoskeleton and plasma membrane of luminal uterine epithelial cells (UECs) and the underlying stromal cells undergo dramatic remodelling to facilitate these changes. Filamin A (FLNA), a protein that crosslinks actin filaments and also mediates the anchorage of membrane proteins to the actin cytoskeleton, was investigated in the rat uterus at fertilisation (Day 1) and implantation (Day 6) to determine the role of FLNA in actin cytoskeletal remodelling of UECs and decidua during early pregnancy. Localisation of FLNA in UECs at the time of fertilisation was cytoplasmic, whilst at implantation it was distributed apically; its localisation is under the influence of progesterone. FLNA was also concentrated to the first two to three stromal cell layers at the time of fertilisation and shifted to the primary decidualisation zone at the time of implantation. This shift in localisation was found to be dependent on the decidualisation reaction. Protein abundance of the FLNA 280-kDa monomer and calpain-cleaved fragment (240 kDa) did not change during early pregnancy in UECs. Since major actin cytoskeletal remodelling occurs during early pregnancy in UECs and in decidual cells, the changing localisation of FLNA suggests that it may be an important regulator of cytoskeletal remodelling of these cells to allow uterine receptivity and decidualisation necessary for implantation in the rat.
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23
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Krebs K, Ruusmann A, Simonlatser G, Velling T. Expression of FLNa in human melanoma cells regulates the function of integrin α1β1 and phosphorylation and localisation of PKB/AKT/ERK1/2 kinases. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:564-75. [PMID: 26572583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
FLNa is a ubiquitous cytoskeletal protein that links transmembrane receptors, including integrins, to F-actin and functions as a signalling intermediate. We investigated FLNa's role in the function of integrin-type collagen receptors, EGF-EGFR signalling and regulation of PKB/Akt and ERK1/2. Using FLNa-deficient M2 human melanoma cells, and same cells expressing EGFP-FLNa (M2F) or its Ig-like repeats 1-8+24, 8-15+24 and 16-24, we found that in M2F and M2 8-15+24 cells, EGF induced the increased phosphorylation of PKB/Akt and ERK1/2. In M2F cells EGF induced the localisation of these kinases to cell nucleus and lamellipodia, respectively, and the ERK1/2 phosphorylation-dependent co-immunoprecipitation of FLNa with ERK1/2. Only M2F and M2 8-15+24 cells adhered to and spread on type I collagen whereas on fibronectin all cells behaved similarly. α1β1 and α2β1 were the integrin-type collagen receptors expressed on these cells with primarily α1β1 localising to focal contacts and affecting cell adhesion and migration in a manner dependent on FLNa or its Ig-like repeats 8-15. Our results suggest a role for FLNa repeats 8-15 in the α1-subunit-dependent regulation of integrin α1β1 function, EGF-EGFR signalling to PKB/Akt and ERK1/2, identify ERK1/2 in EGF-induced FLNa-associated protein complexes, and show that the function of different integrins is subjected to differential regulation by FLNa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Krebs
- Institute of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Anu Ruusmann
- Institute of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Grethel Simonlatser
- Institute of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Teet Velling
- Institute of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
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24
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Di Donato M, Bilancio A, D'Amato L, Claudiani P, Oliviero MA, Barone MV, Auricchio A, Appella E, Migliaccio A, Auricchio F, Castoria G. Cross-talk between androgen receptor/filamin A and TrkA regulates neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:2858-72. [PMID: 26063730 PMCID: PMC4571344 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-09-1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroids and growth factors control neuronal development through their receptors under physiological and pathological conditions. We show that PC12 cells harbor endogenous androgen receptor (AR), whose inhibition or silencing strongly interferes with neuritogenesis stimulated by the nonaromatizable synthetic androgen R1881 or NGF. This implies a role for AR not only in androgen signaling, but also in NGF signaling. In turn, a pharmacological TrkA inhibitor interferes with NGF- or androgen-induced neuritogenesis. In addition, androgen or NGF triggers AR association with TrkA, TrkA interaction with PI3-K δ, and downstream activation of PI3-K δ and Rac in PC12 cells. Once associated with AR, filamin A (FlnA) contributes to androgen or NGF neuritogenesis, likely through its interaction with signaling effectors, such as Rac. This study thus identifies a previously unrecognized reciprocal cross-talk between AR and TrkA, which is controlled by β1 integrin. The contribution of FlnA/AR complex and PI3-K δ to neuronal differentiation by androgens and NGF is also novel. This is the first description of AR function in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Di Donato
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Bilancio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana D'Amato
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Pamela Claudiani
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine and Medical Genetics and Translational Medicine Department, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Oliviero
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Barone
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases and Medical Genetics and Translational Medicine Department, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Auricchio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine and Medical Genetics and Translational Medicine Department, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-4256
| | - Antimo Migliaccio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Auricchio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Castoria
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Castoria G, Giovannelli P, Di Donato M, Ciociola A, Hayashi R, Bernal F, Appella E, Auricchio F, Migliaccio A. Role of non-genomic androgen signalling in suppressing proliferation of fibroblasts and fibrosarcoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1548. [PMID: 25476896 PMCID: PMC4649827 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The functions of androgen receptor (AR) in stromal cells are still debated in spite of the demonstrated importance of these cells in organ development and diseases. Here, we show that physiological androgen concentration (10 nM R1881 or DHT) fails to induce DNA synthesis, while it consistently stimulates cell migration in mesenchymal and transformed mesenchymal cells. Ten nanomolar R1881 triggers p27 Ser10 phosphorylation and its stabilization in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Activation of Rac and its downstream effector DYRK 1B is responsible for p27 Ser10 phosphorylation and cell quiescence. Ten nanomolar androgen also inhibits transformation induced by oncogenic Ras in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Overexpression of an AR mutant unable to interact with filamin A, use of a small peptide displacing AR/filamin A interaction, and filamin A knockdown indicate that the androgen-triggered AR/filamin A complex regulates the pathway leading to p27 Ser10 phosphorylation and cell cycle arrest. As the AR/filamin A complex is also responsible for migration stimulated by 10 nM androgen, our report shows that the androgen-triggered AR/filamin A complex controls, through Rac 1, the decision of cells to halt cell cycle and migration. This study reveals a new and unexpected role of androgen/AR signalling in coordinating stromal cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Castoria
- Department of Biochemistry,
Biophysics and General Pathology—II University of Naples,
Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138
Naples, Italy
| | - P Giovannelli
- Department of Biochemistry,
Biophysics and General Pathology—II University of Naples,
Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138
Naples, Italy
| | - M Di Donato
- Department of Biochemistry,
Biophysics and General Pathology—II University of Naples,
Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138
Naples, Italy
| | - A Ciociola
- Department of Biochemistry,
Biophysics and General Pathology—II University of Naples,
Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138
Naples, Italy
| | - R Hayashi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National
Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
20892-4256, USA
| | - F Bernal
- Metabolism Branch, National Cancer
Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-4256, USA
| | - E Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National
Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
20892-4256, USA
| | - F Auricchio
- Department of Biochemistry,
Biophysics and General Pathology—II University of Naples,
Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138
Naples, Italy
| | - A Migliaccio
- Department of Biochemistry,
Biophysics and General Pathology—II University of Naples,
Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138
Naples, Italy
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Phosphorylation of RSK2 at Tyr529 by FGFR2-p38 enhances human mammary epithelial cells migration. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2461-70. [PMID: 25014166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The members of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family of Ser/Thr kinases are downstream effectors of MAPK/ERK pathway that regulate diverse cellular processes including cell growth, proliferation and survival. In carcinogenesis, RSKs are thought to modulate cell motility, invasion and metastasis. Herein, we have studied an involvement of RSKs in FGF2/FGFR2-driven behaviours of mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells. We found that both silencing and inhibiting of FGFR2 attenuated phosphorylation of RSKs, whereas FGFR2 overexpression and/or its stimulation with FGF2 enhanced RSKs activity. Moreover, treatment with ERK, Src and p38 inhibitors revealed that p38 kinase acts as an upstream RSK2 regulator. We demonstrate for the first time that in FGF2/FGFR2 signalling, p38 but not MEK/ERK, indirectly activated RSK2 at Tyr529, which facilitated phosphorylation of its other residues (Thr359/Ser363, Thr573 and Ser380). In contrast to FGF2-triggered signalling, inhibition of p38 in the EGF pathway affected only RSK2-Tyr529, without any impact on the remaining RSK phosphorylation sites. p38-mediated phosphorylation of RSK2-Tyr529 was crucial for the transactivation of residues located at kinase C-terminal domain and linker-region, specifically, in the FGF2/FGFR2 signalling pathway. Furthermore, we show that FGF2 promoted anchorage-independent cell proliferation, formation of focal adhesions and cell migration, which was effectively abolished by treatment with RSKs inhibitor (FMK). These indicate that RSK2 activity is indispensable for FGF2/FGFR2-mediated cellular effects. Our findings identified a new FGF2/FGFR2-p38-RSK2 pathway, which may play a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of breast cancer and, hence, may present a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of FGFR2-expressing tumours.
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Adachi-Hayama M, Adachi A, Shinozaki N, Matsutani T, Hiwasa T, Takiguchi M, Saeki N, Iwadate Y. Circulating anti-filamin C autoantibody as a potential serum biomarker for low-grade gliomas. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:452. [PMID: 24946857 PMCID: PMC4094678 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most common primary malignant central nervous system tumor in adult, and is usually not curable due to its invasive nature. Establishment of serum biomarkers for glioma would be beneficial both for early diagnosis and adequate therapeutic intervention. Filamins are an actin cross-linker and filamin C (FLNC), normally restricted in muscle tissues, offers many signaling molecules an essential communication fields. Recently, filamins have been considered important for tumorigenesis in cancers. Methods We searched for novel glioma-associated antigens by serological identification of antigens utilizing recombinant cDNA expression cloning (SEREX), and found FLNC as a candidate protein. Tissue expressions of FLNC (both in normal and tumor tissues) were examined by immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR analyses. Serum anti-FLNC autoantibody level was measured by ELISA in normal volunteers and in the patients with various grade gliomas. Results FLNC was expressed in glioma tissues and its level got higher as tumor grade advanced. Anti-FLNC autoantibody was also detected in the serum of glioma patients, but its levels were inversely correlated with the tissue expression. Serum anti-FLNC autoantibody level was significantly higher in low-grade glioma patients than in high-grade glioma patients or in normal volunteers, which was confirmed in an independent validation set of patients’ sera. The autoantibody levels in the patients with meningioma or cerebral infarction were at the same level of normal volunteers, and they were significantly lower than that of low-grade gliomas. Total IgG and anti-glutatione S-transferase (GST) antibody level were not altered among the patient groups, which suggest that the autoantibody response was specific for FLNC. Conclusions The present results suggest that serum anti-FLNC autoantibody can be a potential serum biomarker for early diagnosis of low-grade gliomas while it needs a large-scale clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yasuo Iwadate
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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Ojelade SA, Acevedo SF, Rothenfluh A. The role of the actin cytoskeleton in regulating Drosophila behavior. Rev Neurosci 2014; 24:471-84. [PMID: 24077615 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2013-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the function of the cytoskeleton has been studied extensively in developing and mature neurons. Actin, a major cytoskeletal protein, is indispensable for the structural integrity and plasticity of neurons and their synapses. Disruption of actin dynamics has significant consequence for neurons, neuronal circuits, and the functions they govern. In particular, cell adhesion molecules, members of the Rho family of GTPases, and actin-binding proteins are important modulators of actin dynamics and neuronal as well as behavioral plasticity. In this review, we discuss recent advances in Drosophila that highlight the importance of actin regulatory proteins in mediating fly behaviors such as circadian rhythm, courtship behavior, learning and memory, and the development of drug addiction.
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Hu J, Lu J, Lian G, Zhang J, Hecht JL, Sheen VL. Filamin B regulates chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation through Cdk1 signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89352. [PMID: 24551245 PMCID: PMC3925234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans who harbor loss of function mutations in the actin-associated filamin B (FLNB) gene develop spondylocarpotarsal syndrome (SCT), a disorder characterized by dwarfism (delayed bone formation) and premature fusion of the vertebral, carpal and tarsal bones (premature differentiation). To better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing these seemingly divergent processes, we generated and characterized FlnB knockdown ATDC5 cell lines. We found that FlnB knockdown led to reduced proliferation and enhanced differentiation in chondrocytes. Within the shortened growth plate of postnatal FlnB(-/-) mice long bone, we observed a similarly progressive decline in the number of rapidly proliferating chondrocytes and premature differentiation characterized by an enlarged prehypertrophic zone, a widened Col2a1(+)/Col10a1(+) overlapping region, but relatively reduced hypertrophic zone length. The reduced chondrocyte proliferation and premature differentiation were, in part, attributable to enhanced G2/M phase progression, where fewer FlnB deficient ATDC5 chondrocytes resided in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. FlnB loss reduced Cdk1 phosphorylation (an inhibitor of G2/M phase progression) and Cdk1 inhibition in chondrocytes mimicked the null FlnB, premature differentiation phenotype, through a β1-integrin receptor- Pi3k/Akt (a key regulator of chondrocyte differentiation) mediated pathway. In this context, the early prehypertrophic differentiation provides an explanation for the premature differentiation seen in this disorder, whereas the progressive decline in proliferating chondrocytes would ultimately lead to reduced chondrocyte production and shortened bone length. These findings begin to define a role for filamin proteins in directing both cell proliferation and differentiation through indirect regulation of cell cycle associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Hu
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gewei Lian
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathan L. Hecht
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Volney L. Sheen
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kuo JC. Focal adhesions function as a mechanosensor. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 126:55-73. [PMID: 25081614 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394624-9.00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are complex plasma membrane-associated macromolecular assemblies that engage with the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) via integrin receptors and physically connect with the actin cytoskeleton through the recruitment of numerous FA-associated proteins. FAs undergo a maturation process, which is known to be induced by biochemical or physical cues, to grow and change composition. Varying FA size, distribution, dynamics, and compositions during maturation process is required for transducing the specific signaling networks that reflect the requirements of a cell to sense, adapt, and response to a variety of the environments. While advances have been demonstrated in understanding how important FAs are in mediating various biological processes, less is known about how FA composition is regulated and coordinately transduces the specific signals in mediating the distinct biological outcomes, especially cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Cheng Kuo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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31
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Abstract
This article examines the role of the endothelial cytoskeleton in the lung's ability to restrict fluid and protein to vascular space at normal vascular pressures and thereby to protect lung alveoli from lethal flooding. The barrier properties of microvascular endothelium are dependent on endothelial cell contact with other vessel-wall lining cells and with the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM). Focal adhesion complexes are essential for attachment of endothelium to ECM. In quiescent endothelial cells, the thick cortical actin rim helps determine cell shape and stabilize endothelial adherens junctions and focal adhesions through protein bridges to actin cytoskeleton. Permeability-increasing agonists signal activation of "small GTPases" of the Rho family to reorganize the actin cytoskeleton, leading to endothelial cell shape change, disassembly of cortical actin rim, and redistribution of actin into cytoplasmic stress fibers. In association with calcium- and Src-regulated myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), stress fibers become actinomyosin-mediated contractile units. Permeability-increasing agonists stimulate calcium entry and induce tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin (vascular endothelial cadherin) and β-catenins to weaken or pull apart endothelial adherens junctions. Some permeability agonists cause latent activation of the small GTPases, Cdc42 and Rac1, which facilitate endothelial barrier recovery and eliminate interendothelial gaps. Under the influence of Cdc42 and Rac1, filopodia and lamellipodia are generated by rearrangements of actin cytoskeleton. These motile evaginations extend endothelial cell borders across interendothelial gaps, and may initiate reannealing of endothelial junctions. Endogenous barrier protective substances, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate, play an important role in maintaining a restrictive endothelial barrier and counteracting the effects of permeability-increasing agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Vogel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Ciobanasu C, Faivre B, Le Clainche C. Integrating actin dynamics, mechanotransduction and integrin activation: the multiple functions of actin binding proteins in focal adhesions. Eur J Cell Biol 2013; 92:339-48. [PMID: 24252517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions are clusters of integrin transmembrane receptors that mechanically couple the extracellular matrix to the actin cytoskeleton during cell migration. Focal adhesions sense and respond to variations in force transmission along a chain of protein-protein interactions linking successively actin filaments, actin binding proteins, integrins and the extracellular matrix to adapt cell-matrix adhesion to the composition and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which actin binding proteins integrate actin dynamics, mechanotransduction and integrin activation to control force transmission in focal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Ciobanasu
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales CNRS, avenue de la terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Kuo JC. Mechanotransduction at focal adhesions: integrating cytoskeletal mechanics in migrating cells. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:704-12. [PMID: 23551528 PMCID: PMC3823174 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are complex plasma membrane-associated macromolecular assemblies that serve to physically connect the actin cytoskeleton to integrins that engage with the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). FAs undergo maturation wherein they grow and change composition differentially to provide traction and to transduce the signals that drive cell migration, which is crucial to various biological processes, including development, wound healing and cancer metastasis. FA-related signalling networks dynamically modulate the strength of the linkage between integrin and actin and control the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. In this review, we have summarized a number of recent investigations exploring how FA composition is affected by the mechanical forces that transduce signalling networks to modulate cellular function and drive cell migration. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of how force governs adhesion signalling provides insights that will allow the manipulation of cell migration and help to control migration-related human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Cheng Kuo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Feng HZ, Wang Q, Reiter RS, Lin JLC, Lin JJC, Jin JP. Localization and function of Xinα in mouse skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 304:C1002-12. [PMID: 23485711 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00005.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Xin repeat-containing proteins were originally found in the intercalated discs of cardiac muscle with implicated roles in cardiac development and function. A pair of paralogous genes, Xinα (Xirp1) and Xinβ (Xirp2), is present in mammals. Ablation of the mouse Xinα (mXinα) did not affect heart development but caused late-onset adulthood cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy with conductive defects. Both mXinα and mXinβ are also found in the myotendinous junction (MTJ) of skeletal muscle. Here we investigated the structural and functional significance of mXinα in skeletal muscle. In addition to MTJ and the contact sites between muscle and perimysium, mXinα but not mXinβ was found in the blood vessel walls, whereas both proteins were absent in neuromuscular junctions and nerve fascicles. Coimmunoprecipitation suggested association of mXinα with talin, vinculin, and filamin, but not β-catenin, in adult skeletal muscle, consistent with our previous report of colocalization of mXinα with vinculin. Loss of mXinα in mXinα-null mice had subtle effects on the MTJ structure and the levels of several MTJ components. Diaphragm muscle of mXinα-null mice showed hypertrophy. Compared with wild-type controls, mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle lacking mXinα exhibited no overt change in contractile and relaxation velocities or maximum force development but better tolerance to fatigue. Loaded fatigue contractions generated stretch injury in wild-type EDL muscle as indicated by a fragmentation of troponin T. This effect was blunted in mXinα-null EDL muscle. The results suggest that mXinα play a role in MTJ conductance of contractile and stretching forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Zhong Feng
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Sheen VL. Periventricular Heterotopia: Shuttling of Proteins through Vesicles and Actin in Cortical Development and Disease. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:480129. [PMID: 24278701 PMCID: PMC3820590 DOI: 10.6064/2012/480129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
During cortical development, proliferating neural progenitors exhibit polarized apical and basolateral membranes that are maintained by tightly controlled and membrane-specific vesicular trafficking pathways. Disruption of polarity through impaired delivery of proteins can alter cell fate decisions and consequent expansion of the progenitor pool, as well as impact the integrity of the neuroependymal lining. Loss of neuroependymal integrity disrupts radial glial scaffolding and alters initial neuronal migration from the ventricular zone. Vesicle trafficking is also required for maintenance of lipid and protein cycling within the leading and trailing edge of migratory neurons, as well as dendrites and synapses of mature neurons. Defects in this transport machinery disrupt neuronal identity, migration, and connectivity and give rise to a malformation of cortical development termed as periventricular heterotopia (PH). PH is characterized by a reduction in brain size, ectopic clusters of neurons localized along the lateral ventricle, and epilepsy and dyslexia. These anatomical anomalies correlate with developmental impairments in neural progenitor proliferation and specification, migration from loss of neuroependymal integrity and neuronal motility, and aberrant neuronal process extension. Genes causal for PH regulate vesicle-mediated endocytosis along an actin cytoskeletal network. This paper explores the role of these dynamic processes in cortical development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volney L. Sheen
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Filamin a regulates neural progenitor proliferation and cortical size through Wee1-dependent Cdk1 phosphorylation. J Neurosci 2012; 32:7672-84. [PMID: 22649246 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0894-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeleton-associated proteins play key roles not only in regulating cell morphology and migration but also in proliferation. Mutations in the cytoskeleton-associated gene filamin A (FlnA) cause the human disorder periventricular heterotopia (PH). PH is a disorder of neural stem cell development that is characterized by disruption of progenitors along the ventricular epithelium and subsequent formation of ectopic neuronal nodules. FlnA-dependent regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics is thought to direct neural progenitor migration and proliferation. Here we show that embryonic FlnA-null mice exhibited a reduction in brain size and decline in neural progenitor numbers over time. The drop in the progenitor population was not attributable to cell death or changes in premature differentiation, but to prolonged cell cycle duration. Suppression of FlnA led to prolongation of the entire cell cycle length, principally in M phase. FlnA loss impaired degradation of cyclin B1-related proteins, thereby delaying the onset and progression through mitosis. We found that the cdk1 kinase Wee1 bound FlnA, demonstrated increased expression levels after loss of FlnA function, and was associated with increased phosphorylation of cdk1. Phosphorylation of cdk1 inhibited activation of the anaphase promoting complex degradation system, which was responsible for cyclin B1 degradation and progression through mitosis. Collectively, our results demonstrate a molecular mechanism whereby FlnA loss impaired G2 to M phase entry, leading to cell cycle prolongation, compromised neural progenitor proliferation, and reduced brain size.
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Planagumà J, Minsaas L, Pons M, Myhren L, Garrido G, Aragay AM. Filamin A-hinge region 1-EGFP: a novel tool for tracking the cellular functions of filamin A in real-time. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40864. [PMID: 22870205 PMCID: PMC3411599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Filamin A (FLNa) is an actin-crosslinking protein necessary for stabilizing the cell surface, organizing protrusive activity and for promoting efficient cellular translocation. Recently, our group demonstrated the requirement of FLNa for the internalization of the chemokine receptor CCR2B. Methodology and Principal Findings In order to study the role of FLNa in vitro and in real-time, we have developed a fluorescent FLNa-EGFP construct. In this novel imaging tool, we introduced the EGFP-tag inside the flexible hinge 1 region of FLNa between two calpain cleavage sites. Our findings indicate that the FLNa-EGFP construct was correctly expressed, cleaved by calpain and colocalized with actin filaments as shown by immunostaining experiments in the human melanoma cell lines A7 (FLNa-repleted) and M2 (FLNa-deficient). In addition, scanning-electron microscopy (SEM) and micropatterning studies also provided clear evidence that the cell rigidity was restored. FLNa-EGFP allowed us to demonstrate the interaction of FLNa with the chemokine receptor CCR2B in endocytic vesicles after CCL2 ligand stimulation. Through live-cell imaging studies we show that the CCR2B receptor in Rab5-positive vesicles moves along filamin A-positive fibers. Significance Taken together, these results outline the functionality of the FLNa-EGFP and the importance of filamin A for receptor internalization and movement into endocytic vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Planagumà
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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38
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The leucocyte β2 (CD18) integrins: the structure, functional regulation and signalling properties. Biosci Rep 2012; 32:241-69. [PMID: 22458844 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20110101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucocytes are highly motile cells. Their ability to migrate into tissues and organs is dependent on cell adhesion molecules. The integrins are a family of heterodimeric transmembrane cell adhesion molecules that are also signalling receptors. They are involved in many biological processes, including the development of metazoans, immunity, haemostasis, wound healing and cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. The leucocyte-restricted β2 integrins comprise four members, namely αLβ2, αMβ2, αXβ2 and αDβ2, which are required for a functional immune system. In this paper, the structure, functional regulation and signalling properties of these integrins are reviewed.
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Roca-Cusachs P, Iskratsch T, Sheetz MP. Finding the weakest link: exploring integrin-mediated mechanical molecular pathways. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:3025-38. [PMID: 22797926 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.095794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
From the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton, a network of molecular links connects cells to their environment. Molecules in this network transmit and detect mechanical forces, which subsequently determine cell behavior and fate. Here, we reconstruct the mechanical pathway followed by these forces. From matrix proteins to actin through integrins and adaptor proteins, we review how forces affect the lifetime of bonds and stretch or alter the conformation of proteins, and how these mechanical changes are converted into biochemical signals in mechanotransduction events. We evaluate which of the proteins in the network can participate in mechanotransduction and which are simply responsible for transmitting forces in a dynamic network. Besides their individual properties, we also analyze how the mechanical responses of a protein are determined by their serial connections from the matrix to actin, their parallel connections in integrin clusters and by the rate at which force is applied to them. All these define mechanical molecular pathways in cells, which are emerging as key regulators of cell function alongside better studied biochemical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Roca-Cusachs
- University of Barcelona and Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
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Carabalona A, Beguin S, Pallesi-Pocachard E, Buhler E, Pellegrino C, Arnaud K, Hubert P, Oualha M, Siffroi JP, Khantane S, Coupry I, Goizet C, Gelot AB, Represa A, Cardoso C. A glial origin for periventricular nodular heterotopia caused by impaired expression of Filamin-A. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 21:1004-17. [PMID: 22076441 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PH) is a human brain malformation caused by defective neuronal migration that results in ectopic neuronal nodules lining the lateral ventricles beneath a normal appearing cortex. Most affected patients have seizures and their cognitive level varies from normal to severely impaired. Mutations in the Filamin-A (or FLNA) gene are the main cause of PH, but the underlying pathological mechanism remains unknown. Although two FlnA knockout mouse strains have been generated, none of them showed the presence of ectopic nodules. To recapitulate the loss of FlnA function in the developing rat brain, we used an in utero RNA interference-mediated knockdown approach and successfully reproduced a PH phenotype in rats comparable with that observed in human patients. In FlnA-knockdown rats, we report that PH results from a disruption of the polarized radial glial scaffold in the ventricular zone altering progression of neural progenitors through the cell cycle and impairing migration of neurons into the cortical plate. Similar alterations of radial glia are observed in human PH brains of a 35-week fetus and a 3-month-old child, harboring distinct FLNA mutations not previously reported. Finally, juvenile FlnA-knockdown rats are highly susceptible to seizures, confirming the reliability of this novel animal model of PH. Our findings suggest that the disorganization of radial glia is the leading cause of PH pathogenesis associated with FLNA mutations. Rattus norvegicus FlnA mRNA (GenBank accession number FJ416060).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Carabalona
- INMED, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France; Université de la Mé diterranée, UMR S901 Aix-Marseille 2, Marseille, France; Inserm Unité 901, Marseille, France
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41
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Fujita M, Mitsuhashi H, Isogai S, Nakata T, Kawakami A, Nonaka I, Noguchi S, Hayashi YK, Nishino I, Kudo A. Filamin C plays an essential role in the maintenance of the structural integrity of cardiac and skeletal muscles, revealed by the medaka mutant zacro. Dev Biol 2011; 361:79-89. [PMID: 22020047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Filamin C is an actin-crosslinking protein that is specifically expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscles. Although mutations in the filamin C gene cause human myopathy with cardiac involvement, the function of filamin C in vivo is not yet fully understood. Here we report a medaka mutant, zacro (zac), that displayed an enlarged heart, caused by rupture of the myocardiac wall, and progressive skeletal muscle degeneration in late embryonic stages. We identified zac to be a homozygous nonsense mutation in the filamin C (flnc) gene. The medaka filamin C protein was found to be localized at myotendinous junctions, sarcolemma, and Z-disks in skeletal muscle, and at intercalated disks in the heart. zac embryos showed prominent myofibrillar degeneration at myotendinous junctions, detachment of myofibrils from sarcolemma and intercalated disks, and focal Z-disk destruction. Importantly, the expression of γ-actin, which we observed to have a strong subcellular localization at myotendinous junctions, was specifically reduced in zac mutant myotomes. Inhibition of muscle contraction by anesthesia alleviated muscle degeneration in the zac mutant. These results suggest that filamin C plays an indispensable role in the maintenance of the structural integrity of cardiac and skeletal muscles for support against mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Fujita
- Department of Biological Information, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-33 Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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42
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DeMaso CR, Kovacevic I, Uzun A, Cram EJ. Structural and functional evaluation of C. elegans filamins FLN-1 and FLN-2. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22428. [PMID: 21799850 PMCID: PMC3143143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamins are long, flexible, multi-domain proteins composed of an N-terminal actin-binding domain (ABD) followed by multiple immunoglobulin-like repeats (IgFLN). They function to organize and maintain the actin cytoskeleton, to provide scaffolds for signaling components, and to act as mechanical force sensors. In this study, we used transcript sequencing and homology modeling to characterize the gene and protein structures of the C. elegans filamin orthologs fln-1 and fln-2. Our results reveal that C. elegans FLN-1 is well conserved at the sequence level to vertebrate filamins, particularly in the ABD and several key IgFLN repeats. Both FLN-1 and the more divergent FLN-2 colocalize with actin in vivo. FLN-2 is poorly conserved, with at least 23 IgFLN repeats interrupted by large regions that appear to be nematode-specific. Our results indicate that many of the key features of vertebrate filamins are preserved in C. elegans FLN-1 and FLN-2, and suggest the nematode may be a very useful model system for further study of filamin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R. DeMaso
- Department of Biology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ismar Kovacevic
- Department of Biology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alper Uzun
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Brown Alpert Medical School, Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Erin J. Cram
- Department of Biology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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43
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Lynch CD, Gauthier NC, Biais N, Lazar AM, Roca-Cusachs P, Yu CH, Sheetz MP. Filamin depletion blocks endoplasmic spreading and destabilizes force-bearing adhesions. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:1263-73. [PMID: 21325628 PMCID: PMC3198308 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-08-0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells severely depleted of filamins were observed to have numerous motility-related defects, including a defect in endoplasmic spreading; smaller, more dynamic focal adhesions; and an inability to sustain high levels of traction force. The endoplasm as a separate mechanical unit spread by pulling forces is also discussed. Cell motility is an essential process that depends on a coherent, cross-linked actin cytoskeleton that physically coordinates the actions of numerous structural and signaling molecules. The actin cross-linking protein, filamin (Fln), has been implicated in the support of three-dimensional cortical actin networks capable of both maintaining cellular integrity and withstanding large forces. Although numerous studies have examined cells lacking one of the multiple Fln isoforms, compensatory mechanisms can mask novel phenotypes only observable by further Fln depletion. Indeed, shRNA-mediated knockdown of FlnA in FlnB–/– mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) causes a novel endoplasmic spreading deficiency as detected by endoplasmic reticulum markers. Microtubule (MT) extension rates are also decreased but not by peripheral actin flow, because this is also decreased in the Fln-depleted system. Additionally, Fln-depleted MEFs exhibit decreased adhesion stability that appears in increased ruffling of the cell edge, reduced adhesion size, transient traction forces, and decreased stress fibers. FlnA–/– MEFs, but not FlnB–/– MEFs, also show a moderate defect in endoplasm spreading, characterized by initial extension followed by abrupt retractions and stress fiber fracture. FlnA localizes to actin linkages surrounding the endoplasm, adhesions, and stress fibers. Thus we suggest that Flns have a major role in the maintenance of actin-based mechanical linkages that enable endoplasmic spreading and MT extension as well as sustained traction forces and mature focal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Castoria G, D'Amato L, Ciociola A, Giovannelli P, Giraldi T, Sepe L, Paolella G, Barone MV, Migliaccio A, Auricchio F. Androgen-induced cell migration: role of androgen receptor/filamin A association. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17218. [PMID: 21359179 PMCID: PMC3040221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen receptor (AR) controls male morphogenesis, gametogenesis and prostate growth as well as development of prostate cancer. These findings support a role for AR in cell migration and invasiveness. However, the molecular mechanism involved in AR-mediated cell migration still remains elusive. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mouse embryo NIH3T3 fibroblasts and highly metastatic human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells harbor low levels of transcriptionally incompetent AR. We now report that, through extra nuclear action, AR triggers migration of both cell types upon stimulation with physiological concentrations of the androgen R1881. We analyzed the initial events leading to androgen-induced cell migration and observed that challenging NIH3T3 cells with 10 nM R1881 rapidly induces interaction of AR with filamin A (FlnA) at cytoskeleton. AR/FlnA complex recruits integrin beta 1, thus activating its dependent cascade. Silencing of AR, FlnA and integrin beta 1 shows that this ternary complex controls focal adhesion kinase (FAK), paxillin and Rac, thereby driving cell migration. FAK-null fibroblasts migrate poorly and Rac inhibition by EHT impairs motility of androgen-treated NIH3T3 cells. Interestingly, FAK and Rac activation by androgens are independent of each other. Findings in human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells strengthen the role of Rac in androgen signaling. The Rac inhibitor significantly impairs androgen-induced migration in these cells. A mutant AR, deleted of the sequence interacting with FlnA, fails to mediate FAK activation and paxillin tyrosine phosphorylation in androgen-stimulated cells, further reinforcing the role of AR/FlnA interaction in androgen-mediated motility. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The present report, for the first time, indicates that the extra nuclear AR/FlnA/integrin beta 1 complex is the key by which androgen activates signaling leading to cell migration. Assembly of this ternary complex may control organ development and prostate cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Castoria
- Dipartimento di Patologia Generale, II Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Loredana D'Amato
- Dipartimento di Patologia Generale, II Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Pia Giovannelli
- Dipartimento di Patologia Generale, II Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Tiziana Giraldi
- Dipartimento di Patologia Generale, II Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Leandra Sepe
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università ‘Federico II’, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Paolella
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università ‘Federico II’, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Barone
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Disease, Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università ‘Federico II’, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antimo Migliaccio
- Dipartimento di Patologia Generale, II Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
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45
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Sutherland-Smith AJ. Filamin structure, function and mechanics: are altered filamin-mediated force responses associated with human disease? Biophys Rev 2011; 3:15-23. [PMID: 28510233 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-011-0042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton framework is essential not only for cell structure and stability but also for dynamic processes such as cell migration, division and differentiation. The F-actin cytoskeleton is mechanically stabilised and regulated by various actin-binding proteins, one family of which are the filamins that cross-link F-actin into networks that greatly alter the elastic properties of the cytoskeleton. Filamins also interact with cell membrane-associated extracellular matrix receptors and intracellular signalling proteins providing a potential mechanism for cells to sense their external environment by linking these signalling systems. The stiffness of the external matrix to which cells are attached is an important environmental variable for cellular behaviour. In order for a cell to probe matrix stiffness, a mechanosensing mechanism functioning via alteration of protein structure and/or binding events in response to external tension is required. Current structural, mechanical, biochemical and human disease-associated evidence suggests filamins are good candidates for a role in mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Sutherland-Smith
- Institute of Molecular BioSciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
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46
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Masurel-Paulet A, Haan E, Thompson EM, Goizet C, Thauvin-Robinet C, Tai A, Kennedy D, Smith G, Khong TY, Solé G, Guerineau E, Coupry I, Huet F, Robertson S, Faivre L. Lung disease associated with periventricular nodular heterotopia and an FLNA mutation. Eur J Med Genet 2011; 54:25-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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47
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Mondal S, Burgute B, Rieger D, Müller R, Rivero F, Faix J, Schleicher M, Noegel AA. Regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by an interaction of IQGAP related protein GAPA with filamin and cortexillin I. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15440. [PMID: 21085675 PMCID: PMC2978108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamin and Cortexillin are F-actin crosslinking proteins in Dictyostelium discoideum allowing actin filaments to form three-dimensional networks. GAPA, an IQGAP related protein, is required for cytokinesis and localizes to the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. Here we describe a novel interaction with Filamin which is required for cytokinesis and regulation of the F-actin content. The interaction occurs through the actin binding domain of Filamin and the GRD domain of GAPA. A similar interaction takes place with Cortexillin I. We further report that Filamin associates with Rac1a implying that filamin might act as a scaffold for small GTPases. Filamin and activated Rac associate with GAPA to regulate actin remodelling. Overexpression of filamin and GAPA in the various strains suggests that GAPA regulates the actin cytoskeleton through interaction with Filamin and that it controls cytokinesis through association with Filamin and Cortexillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhanjan Mondal
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry I, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Bhagyashri Burgute
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry I, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Daniela Rieger
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry I, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Francisco Rivero
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry I, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Faix
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Schleicher
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany
| | - Angelika A. Noegel
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry I, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Neuronal migration is, along with axon guidance, one of the fundamental mechanisms underlying the wiring of the brain. As other organs, the nervous system has acquired the ability to grow both in size and complexity by using migration as a strategy to position cell types from different origins into specific coordinates, allowing for the generation of brain circuitries. Guidance of migrating neurons shares many features with axon guidance, from the use of substrates to the specific cues regulating chemotaxis. There are, however, important differences in the cell biology of these two processes. The most evident case is nucleokinesis, which is an essential component of migration that needs to be integrated within the guidance of the cell. Perhaps more surprisingly, the cellular mechanisms underlying the response of the leading process of migrating cells to guidance cues might be different to those involved in growth cone steering, at least for some neuronal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Marín
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant 03550, Spain.
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49
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Huff Lonergan E, Zhang W, Lonergan SM. Biochemistry of postmortem muscle — Lessons on mechanisms of meat tenderization. Meat Sci 2010; 86:184-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2010] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Li C, Xin W, Sy MS. Binding of pro-prion to filamin A: by design or an unfortunate blunder. Oncogene 2010; 29:5329-45. [PMID: 20697352 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, cancer research has focused on tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. Genes in other cellular pathways has received less attention. Between 0.5% to 1% of the mammalian genome encodes for proteins that are tethered on the cell membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor. The GPI modification pathway is complex and not completely understood. Prion (PrP), a GPI-anchored protein, is infamous for being the only normal protein that when misfolded can cause and transmit a deadly disease. Though widely expressed and highly conserved, little is known about the functions of PrP. Pancreatic cancer and melanoma cell lines express PrP. However, in these cell lines the PrP exists as a pro-PrP as defined by retaining its GPI anchor peptide signal sequence (GPI-PSS). Unexpectedly, the GPI-PSS of PrP has a filamin A (FLNA) binding motif and binds FLNA. FLNA is a cytolinker protein, and an integrator of cell mechanics and signaling. Binding of pro-PrP to FLNA disrupts the normal FLNA functions. Although normal pancreatic ductal cells lack PrP, about 40% of patients with pancreatic ductal cell adenocarcinoma express PrP in their cancers. These patients have significantly shorter survival time compared with patients whose cancers lack PrP. Pro-PrP is also detected in melanoma in situ but is undetectable in normal melanocyte, and invasive melanoma expresses more pro-PrP. In this review, we will discuss the underlying mechanisms by which binding of pro-PrP to FLNA disrupts normal cellular physiology and contributes to tumorigenesis, and the potential mechanisms that cause the accumulation of pro-PrP in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7288, USA
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