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Li YQ, Yu XM, Shang XM, Lin JY, Tan RZ, Li JC, Su HW, Shen HP, Wang HL, Wang L. Biochanin A suppresses Klf6-mediated Smad3 transcription to attenuate renal fibrosis in UUO mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 135:156067. [PMID: 39326137 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Smad3 serves as the principal transcription factor mediating the pro-fibrosis effects of TGF-β signaling in renal fibrosis. Biochanin A (BCA), a natural isoflavone, has been shown to attenuate renal fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β signaling but the detailed mechanisms remain unresolved. This study aimed to elucidate the specific mechanisms by which BCA modulates TGF-β signaling. METHODS Renal fibrosis models were established both in vitro, using TGF-β1-stimulated mouse renal tubular TCMK1 cells, and in vivo, employing mice with unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO). RNA-seq was conducted to identify BCA-regulated genes. The AnimalTFDB4.0 database was utilized to predict transcription factors with potential binding to Smad3 promoter. The activities of TGF-β signaling and the cloned mouse Smad3 promoter were assessed using luciferase reporter assays. Plasmid transfection was performed using polyethylenimine in TCMK1 cells or ultrasound microbubbles in UUO kidneys. Gene expression was analyzed by RT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays. RESULTS BCA significantly inhibited TGF-β signaling activity and suppressed TGF-β1-induced fibrotic gene expression in TCMK1 cells. RNA-seq and in silico analyses identified Smad3 as the key gene downregulated by BCA, while leaving Smad2 unaffected. This selective transcriptional suppression of Smad3 by BCA was validated by luciferase reporter assays using the cloned Smad3 promoter. Furthermore, transcription factor binding prediction identified that Klf6, a transcription factor downregulated by BCA, has binding potential to the Smad3 promoter and promotes Smad3 transcription. Klf6 expression was induced in TGF-β1-stimulated TCMK1 cells and UUO kidneys, but this induction was abolished upon BCA treatment. Importantly, Klf6 overexpression restored Smad3 expression and counteracted the anti-fibrosis effects of BCA in both TGF-β1-stimulated TCMK1 cells and UUO kidneys. CONCLUSION TGF-β-responsive Klf6 transcriptionally transactivates Smad3 expression. BCA exerts anti-renal fibrosis effects by inhibiting the Klf6-Smad3 signaling axis, underscoring its therapeutic potential in the treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Li
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Xin-Ming Yu
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Xue-Mei Shang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Jing-Yi Lin
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Rui-Zhi Tan
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Jian-Chun Li
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Hong-Wei Su
- The Department of Urology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Hong-Ping Shen
- The Clinical Trial Research Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Hong-Lian Wang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611137, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China.
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Zhou Z, Zhang R, Li X, Zhang W, Zhan Y, Lang Z, Tao Q, Yu J, Yu S, Yu Z, Zheng J. Circular RNA cVIM promotes hepatic stellate cell activation in liver fibrosis via miR-122-5p/miR-9-5p-mediated TGF-β signaling cascade. Commun Biol 2024; 7:113. [PMID: 38243118 PMCID: PMC10798957 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05797-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is considered as a central driver of liver fibrosis and effective suppression of HSC activation contributes to the treatment of liver fibrosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to be important in tumor progression. However, the contributions of circRNAs in liver fibrosis remain largely unclear. The liver fibrosis-specific circRNA was explored by a circRNA microarray and cVIM (a circRNA derived from exons 4 to 8 of the vimentin gene mmu_circ_32994) was selected as the research object. Further studies revealed that cVIM, mainly expressed in the cytoplasm, may act as a sponge for miR-122-5p and miR-9-5p to enhance expression of type I TGF-β receptor (TGFBR1) and TGFBR2 and promotes activation of the TGF-β/Smad pathway, thereby accelerating the progression of liver fibrosis. Our results demonstrate a vital role for cVIM in promoting liver fibrosis progression and provide a fresh perspective on circRNAs in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxu Zhou
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xinmiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Weizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yating Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhichao Lang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Qiqi Tao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jinglu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Suhui Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jianjian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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3
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Lin P, He L, Tian N, Qi X. The evaluation of six genes combined value in glioma diagnosis and prognosis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:12413-12433. [PMID: 37439825 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioma is the most common and fatal type of brain tumour. Owing to its aggressiveness and lethality, early diagnosis and prediction of patient survival are very important. This study aimed to identify key genes and biomarkers for glioma that can guide clinicians in making rapid diagnosis and prognostication. METHODS Data mining of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), Repository of Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data, and Genotype-Tissue Expression Project brain expression data revealed significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and the risk scores of individual patients were calculated. WGCNA was utilized to screen for genes most related to clinical diagnosis. Prognostic genes associated with glioma were selected via combining the LASSO regression with univariate and multivariate Cox regression and protein-protein interaction network analyses. Then, a nomogram was constructed. And CGGA dataset was utilized to validated. The protein expression levels of the signature were detected using the human protein atlas. Drug response prediction was carried out using the package "pRRophetic". RESULTS A six-gene signature (KLF6, CHI3L1, SERPINE1, ANGPT2, TGFBR1, and PTX3) was identified and used to stratify patients into low- and high-risk groups. Survival, ROC curve, and Cox analyses clarified that the six hub genes were a favourable independent prognostic factor for patients with glioma. A nomogram was set up by integrating clinical parameters with risk signatures, showing high precision for predicting 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-years survival. In addition, the expression of most genes was consistent with protein expression. Furthermore, the sensitivity to the top ten drugs in the GDSC database of the high-risk group was significantly higher than the low-risk group. CONCLUSION Based on genetic profiles and clinicopathological features, including age, grade, isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation status, we constructed a comprehensive prognostic model for patients with glioma. These signatures can be regarded as biomarkers to predict the prognosis of gliomas, possibly providing more therapeutic strategies for future clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lin
- Department of Medical Research Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingyan He
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan Tian
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xuchen Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
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Hao Y, Song K, Tan X, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zheng W. Reply to "Comment on 'Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Polypeptide Drug Delivery System Targeted Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells to Ameliorate Liver Fibrosis'". ACS NANO 2023; 17:4096-4097. [PMID: 36916180 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kaichao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaochuan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yujia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wensheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Nanda I, Steinlein C, Haaf T, Buhl EM, Grimm DG, Friedman SL, Meurer SK, Schröder SK, Weiskirchen R. Genetic Characterization of Rat Hepatic Stellate Cell Line HSC-T6 for In Vitro Cell Line Authentication. Cells 2022; 11:1783. [PMID: 35681478 PMCID: PMC9179542 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immortalized hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) established from mouse, rat, and humans are valuable in vitro models for the biomedical investigation of liver biology. These cell lines are homogenous, thereby providing consistent and reproducible results. They grow more robustly than primary HSCs and provide an unlimited supply of proteins or nucleic acids for biochemical studies. Moreover, they can overcome ethical concerns associated with the use of animal and human tissue and allow for fostering of the 3R principle of replacement, reduction, and refinement proposed in 1959 by William M. S. Russell and Rex L. Burch. Nevertheless, working with continuous cell lines also has some disadvantages. In particular, there are ample examples in which genetic drift and cell misidentification has led to invalid data. Therefore, many journals and granting agencies now recommend proper cell line authentication. We herein describe the genetic characterization of the rat HSC line HSC-T6, which was introduced as a new in vitro model for the study of retinoid metabolism. The consensus chromosome markers, outlined primarily through multicolor spectral karyotyping (SKY), demonstrate that apart from the large derivative chromosome 1 (RNO1), at least two additional chromosomes (RNO4 and RNO7) are found to be in three copies in all metaphases. Additionally, we have defined a short tandem repeat (STR) profile for HSC-T6, including 31 species-specific markers. The typical features of these cells have been further determined by electron microscopy, Western blotting, and Rhodamine-Phalloidin staining. Finally, we have analyzed the transcriptome of HSC-T6 cells by mRNA sequencing (mRNA-Seq) using next generation sequencing (NGS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Nanda
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany; (I.N.); (C.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Claus Steinlein
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany; (I.N.); (C.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany; (I.N.); (C.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Eva M. Buhl
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Institute of Pathology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Domink G. Grimm
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich & Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, D-94315 Straubing, Germany;
| | - Scott L. Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Steffen K. Meurer
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.K.M.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Sarah K. Schröder
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.K.M.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.K.M.); (S.K.S.)
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Downregulation of lncRNA Miat contributes to the protective effect of electroacupuncture against myocardial fibrosis. Chin Med 2022; 17:57. [PMID: 35578250 PMCID: PMC9112552 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial fibrosis changes the structure of myocardium, leads to cardiac dysfunction and induces arrhythmia and cardiac ischemia, threatening patients’ lives. Electroacupuncture at PC6 (Neiguan) was previously found to inhibit myocardial fibrosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a variety of regulatory functions in myocardial fibrosis, but whether electroacupuncture can inhibit myocardial fibrosis by regulating lncRNA has rarely been reported. Methods In this study, we constructed myocardial fibrosis rat models using isoproterenol (ISO) and treated rats with electroacupuncture at PC6 point and non-point as control. Hematoxylin–eosin, Masson and Sirius Red staining were performed to assess the pathological changes and collagen deposition. The expression of fibrosis-related markers in rat myocardial tissue were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Miat, an important long non-coding RNA, was selected to study the regulation of myocardial fibrosis by electroacupuncture at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In post-transcriptional level, we explored the myocardial fibrosis regulation effect of Miat on the sponge effect of miR-133a-3p. At the transcriptional level, we studied the formation of heterodimer PPARG–RXRA complex and promotion of the TGF-β1 transcription. Results Miat was overexpressed by ISO injection in rats. We found that Miat can play a dual regulatory role in myocardial fibrosis. Miat can sponge miR-133a-3p in an Ago2-dependent manner, reduce the binding of miR-133a-3p target to the 3ʹUTR region of CTGF mRNA and improve the protein expression level of CTGF. In addition, it can also directly bind with PPARG protein, inhibit the formation of heterodimer PPARG–RXRA complex and then promote the transcription of TGF-β1. Electroacupuncture at PC6 point, but not at non-points, can reduce the expression of Miat, thus inhibiting the expression of CTGF and TGF-β1 and inhibiting myocardial fibrosis. Conclusion We revealed that electroacupuncture at PC6 point can inhibit the process of myocardial fibrosis by reducing the expression of lncRNA Miat, which is a potential therapeutic method for myocardial fibrosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-022-00615-6.
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Nie X, Yu Q, Li L, Yi M, Wu B, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Han H, Yuan X. Kinsenoside Protects Against Radiation-Induced Liver Fibrosis via Downregulating Connective Tissue Growth Factor Through TGF-β1 Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:808576. [PMID: 35126163 PMCID: PMC8814438 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.808576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced liver fibrosis (RILF) is a serious complication of the radiotherapy of liver cancer, which lacks effective prevention and treatment measures. Kinsenoside (KD) is a monomeric glycoside isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii, which has been reported to show protective effect on the early progression of liver fibrosis. However, the role of KD in affecting RILF remains unknown. Here, we found that KD alleviated RILF via downregulating connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) through TGF-β1 signaling. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with 20 mg/kg KD per day for 8 weeks after a single 30Gy irradiation on the right part of liver, and tumor-bearing nude mice were administered with 30 mg/kg KD per day after a single fraction of 10Gy on the tumor inoculation site. Twenty-four weeks postirradiation, we found that the administration of KD after irradiation resulted in decreased expression of α-SMA and fibronectin in the liver tissue while had no adverse effect on the tumor radiotherapy. Besides, KD inhibited the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) postirradiation via targeting CTGF as indicated by the transcriptome sequencing. Results of the pathway enrichment and immunohistochemistry suggested that KD reduced the expression of TGF-β1 protein after radiotherapy, and exogenous TGF-β1 induced HSCs to produce α-SMA and other fibrosis-related proteins. The content of activated TGF-β1 in the supernatant decreased after treatment with KD. In addition, KD inhibited the expression of the fibrosis-related proteins by regulating the TGF-β1/Smad/CTGF pathway, resulting in the intervention of liver fibrosis. In conclusion, this study revealed that KD alleviated RILF through the regulation of TGFβ1/Smad/CTGF pathway with no side effects on the tumor therapy. KD, in combination with blocking the TGF-β1 pathway and CTGF molecule or not, may become the innovative and effective treatment for RILF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Nie
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minxiao Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bili Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongbiao Huang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hu Han
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hu Han, ; Xianglin Yuan,
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hu Han, ; Xianglin Yuan,
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Raza SHA, Khan R, Cheng G, Long F, Bing S, Easa AA, Schreurs NM, Pant SD, Zhang W, Li A, Zan L. RNA-Seq reveals the potential molecular mechanisms of bovine KLF6 gene in the regulation of adipogenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:198-206. [PMID: 34890637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Marbling influences the taste and tenderness of meat and is the main determinant of carcass quality in many countries. This study aims to investigate the influence of KLF6 (Kruppel Like Factor 6) and associated molecular mechanisms on lipid metabolism in bovine adipocytes. In the current study, KLF6 gene expression was down regulated via siRNA (small interfering RNA) in bovine adipocytes in vitro. Subsequently, adipogenic cells were collected from the culture media after 9 days, and subjected to fluorescent imaging and RNA sequencing. After confirming that KLF6 was down regulated in bovine adipocytes by siRNA, differential gene expression analysis was used to characterize the infuence of KLF6 on gene expression profiles in bovine adipocytes. A total of 10,812 genes were characterized as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of which, 109 were up-regulated and 62 were down-regulated genes. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analysis identified that the DEGs were associated with lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, cell growth and death, cancer, and the signaling pathways for calcium, AMPK (Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase), PI3K-Akt (Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase), PPAR (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), cAMP (Cyclic adenosine monophosphate), and Wnt (Wingless-related integration site). Similarly, gene ontology analysis indicated that down-regulation of KLF6 gene significantly up regulated the genes that regulate adipogenesis, differentiation and regulation of adipocytes and homeostasis of bovine adipocytes, specifically regulating the cell-type specific apoptotic action, negative regulation of apoptotic pathways, programmed cell death, and growth. Results indicate that KLF6 has a role in regulating lipid metabolism in bovine adipocytes. These findings provide evidence that may inform further investigations into molecular mechanisms that underlie the role of bovine KLF6 gene in regulating adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China; National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rajwali Khan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China; Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture Peshawar-, Pakistan
| | - Gong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Long
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Sun Bing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahmed A Easa
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Nicola M Schreurs
- Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Sameer D Pant
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Wenzhen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Anning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China; National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Shen DF, Cheng H, Cai BZ, Cai WF, Wang B, Zhu Q, Wu YB, Liu M, Chen RJ, Gao FF, Zhang YM, Niu YD, Shi GG. N-n-Butyl haloperidol iodide ameliorates liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell activation in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:133-145. [PMID: 33758354 PMCID: PMC8724321 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00630-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
N-n-Butyl haloperidol iodide (F2) is a novel compound that has antiproliferative and antifibrogenic activities. In this study we investigated the therapeutic potential of F2 against liver fibrosis in mice and the underlying mechanisms. Two widely used mouse models of fibrosis was established in mice by injection of either carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or thioacetamide (TAA). The mice received F2 (0.75, 1.5 or 3 mg·kg-1·d-1, ip) for 4 weeks of fibrosis induction. We showed that F2 administration dose-dependently ameliorated CCl4- or TAA-induced liver fibrosis, evidenced by significant decreases in collagen deposition and c-Jun, TGF-β receptor II (TGFBR2), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen I expression in the liver. In transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated LX-2 cells (a human hepatic stellate cell line) and primary mouse hepatic stellate cells, treatment with F2 (0.1, 1, 10 μM) concentration-dependently inhibited the expression of α-SMA, and collagen I. In LX-2 cells, F2 inhibited TGF-β/Smad signaling through reducing the levels of TGFBR2; pretreatment with LY2109761 (TGF-β signaling inhibitor) or SP600125 (c-Jun signaling inhibitor) markedly inhibited TGF-β1-induced induction of α-SMA and collagen I. Knockdown of c-Jun decreased TGF-β signaling genes, including TGFBR2 levels. We revealed that c-Jun was bound to the TGFBR2 promoter, whereas F2 suppressed the binding of c-Jun to the TGFBR2 promoter to restrain TGF-β signaling and inhibit α-SMA and collagen I upregulation. In conclusion, the therapeutic benefit of F2 against liver fibrosis results from inhibition of c-Jun expression to reduce TGFBR2 and concomitant reduction of the responsiveness of hepatic stellate cells to TGF-β1. F2 may thus be a potentially new effective pharmacotherapy for human liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Fei Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - He Cheng
- Qingyuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Qingyuan, 511515, China
| | - Bo-Zhi Cai
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Wen-Feng Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Yue-Bin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Run-Ji Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Fen-Fei Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Yan-Mei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Yong-Dong Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Gang-Gang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
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Lee BR, Paing MH, Sharma-Walia N. Cyclopentenone Prostaglandins: Biologically Active Lipid Mediators Targeting Inflammation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:640374. [PMID: 34335286 PMCID: PMC8320392 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.640374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclopentenone prostaglandins (cyPGs) are biologically active lipid mediators, including PGA2, PGA1, PGJ2, and its metabolites. cyPGs are essential regulators of inflammation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell migration, and stem cell activity. cyPGs biologically act on multiple cellular targets, including transcription factors and signal transduction pathways. cyPGs regulate the inflammatory response by interfering with NF-κB, AP-1, MAPK, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways via both a group of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) dependent and PPAR-γ independent mechanisms. cyPGs promote the resolution of chronic inflammation associated with cancers and pathogen (bacterial, viral, and parasitic) infection. cyPGs exhibit potent effects on viral infections by repressing viral protein synthesis, altering viral protein glycosylation, inhibiting virus transmission, and reducing virus-induced inflammation. We summarize their anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, cytoprotective, antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, pro-resolution, and anti-metastatic potential. These properties render them unique therapeutic value, especially in resolving inflammation and could be used in adjunct with other existing therapies. We also discuss other α, β -unsaturated carbonyl lipids and cyPGs like isoprostanes (IsoPs) compounds.
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Wei G, Zhu D, Sun Y, Zhang L, Liu X, Li M, Gu J. The protective effects of azilsartan against oscillatory shear stress-induced endothelial dysfunction and inflammation are mediated by KLF6. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:1-8. [PMID: 33793019 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Atherosclerosis is a common cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. It is reported to be related to oscillatory shear stress (OSS)-induced endothelial dysfunction and excessive production of inflammatory factors. Azilsartan, a specific antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor, has been approved for the management of hypertensive subjects with diabetes mellitus type II (DMII). The present study will investigate the effects of azilsartan against OSS-induced endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, as well as the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability was detected using an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to determine the expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using 2'-7'dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining, and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) was evaluated using a commercial kit. The adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to HAECs was evaluated using calcein-AM staining. The expression level of KLF6 was determined using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS According to the result of the MTT assay, 5 and 10 μM azilsartan were considered as the optimized concentrations applied in the present study. The elevated production of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, increased levels of ROS, decreased levels of reduced GSH, upregulated VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin, and the aggravated adhesion of THP-1 cells to HAECs induced by OSS were all reversed by the introduction of azilsartan. The downregulation of KLF6 induced by OSS was significantly reversed by azilsartan. By knocking down the expression of KLF6, the suppressed adhesion of THP-1 cells to the HAECs, and the downregulation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 induced by azilsartan in OSS-stimulated HAECs were greatly reversed. CONCLUSION The protective effects of azilsartan against OSS-induced endothelial dysfunction and inflammation might be mediated by KLF6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqian Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Dayong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yongtao Sun
- Department of Imaging, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jinxia Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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12
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Hu K, Zheng QK, Ma RJ, Ma C, Sun ZG, Zhang N. Krüppel-Like Factor 6 Splice Variant 1: An Oncogenic Transcription Factor Involved in the Progression of Multiple Malignant Tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:661731. [PMID: 33816511 PMCID: PMC8017371 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.661731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) is one of the most studied members of the specificity protein/Krüppel-like factor (SP/KLF) transcription factor family. It has a typical zinc finger structure and plays a pivotal role in regulating the biological processes of cells. Recently, it has been considered to play a role in combatting cancer. Krüppel-like factor 6 splice variant 1 (KLF6-SV1), being one of the alternative KLF6 splicing isoforms, participates in tumor occurrence and development and has the potential to become a new target for molecular targeted therapy, although its action mechanism remains to be determined. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive and systematic review of the important role of KLF6-SV1 in human malignant tumors to provide novel insights for oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Hu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Qing-Kang Zheng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Rui-Jie Ma
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Ma
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Wu Z, Huang S, Zheng X, Gu S, Xu Q, Gong Y, Zhang J, Fu B, Tang L. Regulatory long non-coding RNAs of hepatic stellate cells in liver fibrosis (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:351. [PMID: 33732324 PMCID: PMC7903415 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis (LF) is a continuous wound healing process caused by numerous chronic hepatic diseases and poses a major threat to human health. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a critical event in the development of hepatic fibrosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are involved in HSC activation, participate in the development of LF and are likely to be therapeutic targets for LF. In the present review, the cellular signaling pathways of LF with respect to HSCs were discussed. In particular, this present review highlighted the current knowledge on the role of lncRNAs in activating or inhibiting LF, revealing lncRNAs that are likely to be biomarkers or therapeutic targets for LF. Additional studies should be performed to elucidate the potential of lncRNAs in the diagnosis and prognosis of LF and to provide novel therapeutic approaches for the reversion of LF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shunmei Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Silan Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Qiaomai Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Bin Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Chen Z, Xie H, Yuan J, Lan Y, Xie Z. Krüppel-like factor 6 promotes odontoblastic differentiation through regulating the expression of dentine sialophosphoprotein and dentine matrix protein 1 genes. Int Endod J 2021; 54:572-584. [PMID: 33200415 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the potential role of Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) in the odontoblastic differentiation of immortalized dental papilla mesenchymal cells (iMDP-3) cells. METHODOLOGY Alizarin Red S (ARS) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining was used to examine the mineralization effect of iMDP-3 cells after odontoblastic induction. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were employed to analyse dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentine matrix protein 1 (DMP1), RUNX family transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), ALP and KLF6 expression during this process. Co-expression of the KLF6 with DMP1, DSPP and RUNX2 was detected by double immunofluorescence staining to explore their local relationship in the cell. To further investigate KLF6 functions, Klf6 gain- and loss-of-function assays followed by ARS and ALP stainings, real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed using Klf6-overexpression plasmids and Klf6 siRNA to investigate whether changes in Klf6 expression affect the odontoblastic differentiation of iMDP-3 cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to elucidate the mechanistic regulation of Dspp and Dmp1 expression by Klf6. Means were compared using the unpaired t-test and Kruskal-Wallis one-way anova with P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 defined as statistical significance levels. RESULTS The expression levels of Klf6 (P < 0.01), Dspp (P < 0.05), Dmp1 (P < 0.01), Runx2 (P < 0.01) and Alp (P < 0.01) were significantly elevated during odontoblastic differentiation of iMDP-3 cells. KLF6 was co-localized with DSPP, DMP1 and RUNX2 in the cytoplasm and nucleus of iMDP-3 cells. Overexpression of Klf6 promoted the odontoblastic differentiation of iMDP-3, whereas the inhibition of Klf6 prevented this procession. Dual-luciferase assays revealed that Klf6 upregulates Dspp and Dmp1 transcription in iMDP-3 cells during odontoblastic differentiation. CONCLUSION Klf6 promoted odontoblastic differentiation by targeting the transcription promoter of Dmp1 and Dspp. This study may offer novel insights into strategies for treating injuries to dental pulp tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - H Xie
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - J Yuan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Lan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Z Xie
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Syafruddin SE, Mohtar MA, Wan Mohamad Nazarie WF, Low TY. Two Sides of the Same Coin: The Roles of KLF6 in Physiology and Pathophysiology. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101378. [PMID: 32998281 PMCID: PMC7601070 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) family of proteins control several key biological processes that include proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, apoptosis and inflammation. Dysregulation of KLF functions have been shown to disrupt cellular homeostasis and contribute to disease development. KLF6 is a relevant example; a range of functional and expression assays suggested that the dysregulation of KLF6 contributes to the onset of cancer, inflammation-associated diseases as well as cardiovascular diseases. KLF6 expression is either suppressed or elevated depending on the disease, and this is largely due to alternative splicing events producing KLF6 isoforms with specialised functions. Hence, the aim of this review is to discuss the known aspects of KLF6 biology that covers the gene and protein architecture, gene regulation, post-translational modifications and functions of KLF6 in health and diseases. We put special emphasis on the equivocal roles of its full-length and spliced variants. We also deliberate on the therapeutic strategies of KLF6 and its associated signalling pathways. Finally, we provide compelling basic and clinical questions to enhance the knowledge and research on elucidating the roles of KLF6 in physiological and pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiful E. Syafruddin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.A.M.); (T.Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-9145-9040
| | - M. Aiman Mohtar
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.A.M.); (T.Y.L.)
| | - Wan Fahmi Wan Mohamad Nazarie
- Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia;
| | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.A.M.); (T.Y.L.)
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16
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Azparren-Angulo M, Royo F, Gonzalez E, Liebana M, Brotons B, Berganza J, Goñi-de-Cerio F, Manicardi N, Abad-Jordà L, Gracia-Sancho J, Falcon-Perez JM. Extracellular vesicles in hepatology: Physiological role, involvement in pathogenesis, and therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 218:107683. [PMID: 32961265 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the first descriptions of hepatocyte-released exosome-like vesicles in 2008, the number of publications describing Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) released by liver cells in the context of hepatic physiology and pathology has grown exponentially. This growing interest highlights both the importance that cell-to-cell communication has in the organization of multicellular organisms from a physiological point of view, as well as the opportunity that these circulating organelles offer in diagnostics and therapeutics. In the present review, we summarize systematically and comprehensively the myriad of works that appeared in the last decade and lighted the discussion about the best opportunities for using EVs in liver disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Azparren-Angulo
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain
| | - Felix Royo
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Esperanza Gonzalez
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain
| | - Marc Liebana
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain
| | - Bruno Brotons
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain
| | - Jesús Berganza
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico, Edificio 202, 48170 Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Felipe Goñi-de-Cerio
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico, Edificio 202, 48170 Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nicoló Manicardi
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Abad-Jordà
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain; Hepatology, Department of Biomedical Research, Inselspital & University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Juan M Falcon-Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia 48015, Spain.
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17
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Interleukin-36 Cytokine/Receptor Signaling: A New Target for Tissue Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186458. [PMID: 32899668 PMCID: PMC7556029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis is a major unresolved medical problem, which impairs the function of various systems. The molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood, which hinders the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Emerging evidence from recent studies indicates that interleukin 36 (IL-36) and the corresponding receptor (IL-36R), a newly-characterized cytokine/receptor signaling complex involved in immune-inflammation, play an important role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in multiple tissues. This review focuses on recent experimental findings, which implicate IL-36R and its associated cytokines in different forms of organ fibrosis. Specifically, it outlines the molecular basis and biological function of IL-36R in normal cells and sums up the pathological role in the development of fibrosis in the lung, kidney, heart, intestine, and pancreas. We also summarize the new progress in the IL-36/IL-36R-related mechanisms involved in tissue fibrosis and enclose the potential of IL-36R inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to combat pro-fibrotic pathologies. Given its high association with disease, gaining new insight into the immuno-mechanisms that contribute to tissue fibrosis could have a significant impact on human health.
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18
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Yu T, Gong Y, Liu Y, Xia L, Zhao C, Liu L, Xie M, Wu Z, Zhao D, Qiu W, Wang Y, Zhang J, Ji M. KLF6 Acetylation Promotes Sublytic C5b-9-Induced Production of MCP-1 and RANTES in Experimental Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2340-2356. [PMID: 32760202 PMCID: PMC7378648 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.46573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat Thy-1 nephritis (Thy-1N) is an experimental mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) for studying human MsPGN. Although sublytic C5b-9 complex formation on glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) and renal MCP-1 and RANTES production in rats with Thy-1N have been proved, the role and mechanism of MCP-1 or RANTES synthesis in GMCs induced by sublytic C5b-9 are poorly elucidated. In this study, we first found the expression of transcription factor (KLF6), co-activator (KAT7) and chemokines (MCP-1 and RANTES) was all up-regulated both in renal tissue of Thy-1N rats (in vivo) and in sublytic C5b-9-induced GMCs (in vitro). Further in vitro experiments revealed that KLF6 bound to MCP-1 promoter (-297 to -123 nt) and RANTES promoter (-343 to -191 nt), leading to MCP-1 and RANTES gene transcription. Meanwhile, KAT7 also bound to the same region of MCP-1 and RANTES promoter in a KLF6-dependent manner, and KLF6 was acetylated by KAT7 at lysine residue 100, which finally promoted MCP-1 and RANTES expression. Moreover, our in vivo experiments discovered that knockdown of renal KAT7 or KLF6 gene obviously reduced MCP-1 and RANTES production, GMCs proliferation, ECM accumulation, and proteinuria secretion in Thy-1N rats. Collectively, our study indicates that sublytic C5b-9-induced MCP-1 and RANTES synthesis is associated with KAT7-mediated KLF6 acetylation and elevated KLF6 transcriptional activity, which might provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of rat Thy-1N and human MsPGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Yu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yajuan Gong
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Chenhui Zhao
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Longfei Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Mengxiao Xie
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Zhijiao Wu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Wen Qiu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Mingde Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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Ujiie N, Nakano T, Yamada M, Sato C, Nakanishi C, Fujishima F, Ito K, Shindo T, Shimokawa H, Kamei T. Low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy for a model of liver cirrhosis ameliorates liver fibrosis and liver function. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2405. [PMID: 32051434 PMCID: PMC7016168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58369-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-energy extracorporeal shock waves (LESW) have been studied as a new treatment for angina pectoris and several ischemic diseases because of its effect on angiogenesis and inhibition of fibrosis of the heart. The effect of LESW on fibrosis in liver cirrhosis has not been studied. The aim of this study was to verify the amelioration of liver fibrosis by LESW and elucidate its mechanisms in a rat model of drug-induced liver cirrhosis. Male Wistar rats aged 7 weeks were injected with carbon tetrachloride intraperitoneally twice a week for 12 weeks. Eight rats underwent LESW therapy (0.25 mJ/mm2, 4 Hz, 1000 shots) under general anesthesia (shock wave group). Seven rats only underwent general anesthesia (control group). Quantitative analysis showed that the area of fibrosis in the shock wave group was significantly reduced compared with the control group (11,899.9 vs. 23,525.3 pixels per field, p < 0.001). In the shock wave group, the mRNA expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 was significantly suppressed (0.40-fold, p = 0.018) and vascular endothelial growth factor-B was significantly increased (1.77-fold, p = 0.006) compared with the control group. Serum albumin was significantly higher in the shock wave group than in the control group (3.0 vs. 2.4 g/dl, p = 0.025). Aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio decreased by LESW compared with the control group (1.49 vs. 2.04, p = 0.013). These results suggest that LESW therapy ameliorates liver fibrosis by reducing the expression of TGF-β1 and increasing the expression of angiogenic factors, and improves hepatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Ujiie
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toru Nakano
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. .,Division of Gastroenterologic and Hepatobiliarypancreatic Surgery, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Masato Yamada
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Chiaki Sato
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Chikashi Nakanishi
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Fujishima
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kenta Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Shindo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamei
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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20
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Yang Y, Yu H, Yang C, Zhang Y, Ai X, Wang X, Lu K, Yi B. Krüppel-like factor 6 mediates pulmonary angiogenesis in rat experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome and is aggravated by bone morphogenetic protein 9. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.040121. [PMID: 31189661 PMCID: PMC6602319 DOI: 10.1242/bio.040121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a serious pulmonary vascular disease derived from chronic liver disease, and its key pathogenesis is angiogenesis. Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) mediates physiological repair and remodeling during vascular injury. However, the role of KLF6 in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) during angiogenesis of HPS and its underlying mechanism in HPS have not been investigated. Common bile duct ligation (CBDL) in rats can replicate pulmonary vascular abnormalities of human HPS. Here, we found that advanced pulmonary angiogenesis and pulmonary injury score coincided with the increase of KLF6 level in PMVECs of CBDL rat; KLF6 in PMVECs was also induced while cultured with CBDL rat serum in vitro. Inhibition of KLF6 dramatically suppressed PMVEC-mediated proliferation, migration and tube formation in vivo; this may be related to the downregulation of activin receptor-like kinase-1 (ALK1) and endoglin (ENG), which are transacted by KLF6. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) enhanced the expression of KLF6 in PMVECs and was involved in the angiogenesis of HPS. These results suggest that KLF6 triggers PMVEC-mediated angiogenesis of HPS and is aggravated by BMP9, and the inhibition of the BMP9/KLF6 axis may be an effective strategy for HPS treatment. Summary: Krüppel-like factor 6, which is triggered by pulmonary injury and promoted by bone morphogenetic protein 9, mediates pulmonary angiogenesis in rat experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome and then aggravates lung dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Yang
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China.,Department of Anesthesia, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000 China
| | - Hongfu Yu
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Congwen Yang
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China.,Department of Anesthesia, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000 China
| | - Xiangfa Ai
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Kaizhi Lu
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
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21
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Oishi Y, Manabe I. Krüppel-Like Factors in Metabolic Homeostasis and Cardiometabolic Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:69. [PMID: 29942807 PMCID: PMC6004387 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family of transcription factors, which are characterized by the presence of three conserved Cys2/His2 zinc-fingers in their C-terminal domains, control a wide variety of biological processes. In particular, recent studies have revealed that KLFs play diverse and essential roles in the control of metabolism at the cellular, tissue and systemic levels. In both liver and skeletal muscle, KLFs control glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolism so as to coordinate systemic metabolism in the steady state and in the face of metabolic stresses, such as fasting. The functions of KLFs within metabolic tissues are also important contributors to the responses to injury and inflammation within those tissues. KLFs also control the function of immune cells, such as macrophages, which are involved in the inflammatory processes underlying both cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. This review focuses mainly on the physiological and pathological functions of KLFs in the liver and skeletal muscle. The involvement of KLFs in inflammation in these tissues is also summarized. We then discuss the implications of KLFs' control of metabolism and inflammation in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Oishi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Disease Biology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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22
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Pollak NM, Hoffman M, Goldberg IJ, Drosatos K. Krüppel-like factors: Crippling and un-crippling metabolic pathways. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:132-156. [PMID: 29876529 PMCID: PMC5985828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are DNA-binding transcriptional factors that regulate various pathways that control metabolism and other cellular mechanisms. Various KLF isoforms have been associated with cellular, organ or systemic metabolism. Altered expression or activation of KLFs has been linked to metabolic abnormalities, such as obesity and diabetes, as well as with heart failure. In this review article we summarize the metabolic functions of KLFs, as well as the networks of different KLF isoforms that jointly regulate metabolism in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M. Pollak
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew Hoffman
- Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ira J. Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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23
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Lim HW, Bernstein DE. Risk Factors for the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, Including Genetics. Clin Liver Dis 2018; 22:39-57. [PMID: 29128060 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is emerging as the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. This trend is, in part, secondary, to the growing incidence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Other risk factors include age, gender, race/ethnicity, genetic predisposition, and polycystic ovarian disease. With the introduction of genome-wide association studies, genetic mutations contributing to inherited susceptibility to steatosis have been identified, which hold keys to future improvement in diagnosis and management. This article expands on the aforementioned risk factors and summarizes the current available data on genetic and environmental factors associated with this common entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Wen Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwell Health, 400 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - David E Bernstein
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health, Center for Liver Diseases, 400 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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24
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Hepatic stellate cells as key target in liver fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 121:27-42. [PMID: 28506744 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 884] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progressive liver fibrosis, induced by chronic viral and metabolic disorders, leads to more than one million deaths annually via development of cirrhosis, although no antifibrotic therapy has been approved to date. Transdifferentiation (or "activation") of hepatic stellate cells is the major cellular source of matrix protein-secreting myofibroblasts, the major driver of liver fibrogenesis. Paracrine signals from injured epithelial cells, fibrotic tissue microenvironment, immune and systemic metabolic dysregulation, enteric dysbiosis, and hepatitis viral products can directly or indirectly induce stellate cell activation. Dysregulated intracellular signaling, epigenetic changes, and cellular stress response represent candidate targets to deactivate stellate cells by inducing reversion to inactivated state, cellular senescence, apoptosis, and/or clearance by immune cells. Cell type- and target-specific pharmacological intervention to therapeutically induce the deactivation will enable more effective and less toxic precision antifibrotic therapies.
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25
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Yu F, Jiang Z, Chen B, Dong P, Zheng J. NEAT1 accelerates the progression of liver fibrosis via regulation of microRNA-122 and Kruppel-like factor 6. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1191-1202. [PMID: 28864835 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be involved in many important biological processes including proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and survival. Recently, nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1), a novel lncRNA, serves as a crucial regulator in tumors. However, the biological role of NEAT1 in liver fibrosis is largely unknown. In this study, the role of NEAT1 was explored in primary mouse hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced mouse liver fibrosis models. We found that NEAT1 expression was significantly increased in CCl4-induced mice and activated HSCs. Loss of NEAT1 suppressed liver fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. Conversely, NEAT1 overexpression accelerated HSC activation, including increased cell proliferation and collagen expression. Further studies indicated that the microRNA-122 (miR-122)-Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) axis was involved in the effects of NEAT1 on HSC activation. The effects of NEAT1 on HSC activation were almost blocked down by miR-122 mimics or KLF6 knockdown. Interestingly, both NEAT1 and KLF6 are targets of miR-122. In addition, miR-122 led to a significant reduction in NEAT1 level while NEAT1 overexpression resulted in the suppression of miR-122 expression. Pull-down assay confirmed a direct interaction between miR-122 and NEAT1. NEAT1 contributes to HSC activation via the miR-122-KLF6 axis. In human fibrotic liver samples, increased NEAT1 levels positively correlated with liver fibrosis markers. In conclusion, we disclose a novel NEAT1-miR-122-KLF6 signaling cascade and its implication in liver fibrosis. KEY MESSAGES NEAT1 was significantly increased in CCl4-induced mice and activated HSCs. Loss of NEAT1 suppressed liver fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. KLF6 and miR-122 were required for the effects of NEAT1 on HSC activation. NEAT1 contributes to HSC activation via competitively binding miR-122. We disclose a novel NEAT1-miR-122-KLF6 signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhe Jiang
- Department of Blood Donation Service, Huadu Blood Station of Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, 510800, China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.2 fuxue lane, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peihong Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.2 fuxue lane, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianjian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.2 fuxue lane, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Lefebvre P, Lalloyer F, Baugé E, Pawlak M, Gheeraert C, Dehondt H, Vanhoutte J, Woitrain E, Hennuyer N, Mazuy C, Bobowski-Gérard M, Zummo FP, Derudas B, Driessen A, Hubens G, Vonghia L, Kwanten WJ, Michielsen P, Vanwolleghem T, Eeckhoute J, Verrijken A, Van Gaal L, Francque S, Staels B. Interspecies NASH disease activity whole-genome profiling identifies a fibrogenic role of PPARα-regulated dermatopontin. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92264. [PMID: 28679947 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence is soaring with the obesity pandemic, but the pathogenic mechanisms leading to the progression toward active nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis, major causes of liver-related death, are poorly defined. To identify key components during the progression toward NASH and fibrosis, we investigated the liver transcriptome in a human cohort of NASH patients. The transition from histologically proven fatty liver to NASH and fibrosis was characterized by gene expression patterns that successively reflected altered functions in metabolism, inflammation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. A meta-analysis combining our and public human transcriptomic datasets with murine models of NASH and fibrosis defined a molecular signature characterizing NASH and fibrosis and evidencing abnormal inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. Dermatopontin expression was found increased in fibrosis, and reversal of fibrosis after gastric bypass correlated with decreased dermatopontin expression. Functional studies in mice identified an active role for dermatopontin in collagen deposition and fibrosis. PPARα activation lowered dermatopontin expression through a transrepressive mechanism affecting the Klf6/TGFβ1 pathway. Liver fibrotic histological damages are thus characterized by the deregulated expression of a restricted set of inflammation- and ECM-related genes. Among them, dermatopontin may be a valuable target to reverse the hepatic fibrotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lefebvre
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Fanny Lalloyer
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Eric Baugé
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Michal Pawlak
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Céline Gheeraert
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Dehondt
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Jonathan Vanhoutte
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Eloise Woitrain
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Hennuyer
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Claire Mazuy
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Marie Bobowski-Gérard
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Francesco Paolo Zummo
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Derudas
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Luisa Vonghia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Wilhelmus J Kwanten
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Michielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanwolleghem
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Eeckhoute
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - An Verrijken
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Gaal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sven Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart Staels
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
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27
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Chibowska K, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Falkowska A, Gutowska I, Goschorska M, Chlubek D. Effect of Lead (Pb) on Inflammatory Processes in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122140. [PMID: 27999370 PMCID: PMC5187940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
That the nervous system is the main target of lead (Pb) has long been considered an established fact until recent evidence has linked the Pb effect on the immune system to the toxic effects of Pb on the nervous system. In this paper, we present recent literature reports on the effect of Pb on the inflammatory processes in the brain, particularly the expression of selected cytokines in the brain (interleukin 6, TGF-β1, interleukin 16, interleukin 18, and interleukin 10); expression and activity of enzymes participating in the inflammatory processes, such as cyclooxygenase 2, caspase 1, nitrogen oxide synthase (NOS 2) and proteases (carboxypeptidases, metalloproteinases and chymotrypsin); and the expression of purine receptors P2X4 and P2X7. A significant role in the development of inflammatory processes in the brain is also played by microglia (residual macrophages in the brain and the spinal cord), which act as the first line of defense in the central nervous system, and astrocytes—Whose most important function is to maintain homeostasis for the proper functioning of neurons. In this paper, we also present evidence that exposure to Pb may result in micro and astrogliosis by triggering TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling cascade and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Chibowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Anna Falkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Marta Goschorska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
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28
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Ijaz T, Tilton RG, Brasier AR. Cytokine amplification and macrophage effector functions in aortic inflammation and abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:E746-54. [PMID: 27619163 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.06.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
On April 29, 2015, Son and colleagues published an article entitled "Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is required for aortic dissection/intramural haematoma" in Nature Communications. The authors observed that the heterozygous Kruppel-like transcription factor 6 (KLF6) deficiency or absence of myeloid-specific KLF6 led to upregulation of macrophage GM-CSF expression, promoted the development of aortic hematoma/dissection, and stimulated abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation when the vessel wall was subjected to an inflammatory stimulus. The additional findings of increased adventitial fibrotic deposition, marked infiltration of macrophages, and increased expression of matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) and IL-6 were blocked with neutralizing GM-CSF antibodies, or recapitulated in normal mice with excess GM-CSF administration. The authors concluded that GM-CSF is a key regulatory molecule in the development of AAA and further suggested that activation of GM-CSF is independent of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-Smad pathway associated with the Marfan aortic pathology. In this perspective, we expand on this mechanism, drawing from previous studies implicating a similar essential role for IL-6 signaling in macrophage activation, Th17 expansion and aortic dissections. We propose a sequential "two-hit" model of vascular inflammation involving initial vascular injury followed by recruitment of Ly6C(hi) macrophages. Aided by fibroblast interactions inflammatory macrophages produce amplification of IL-6 and GM-CSF expression that converge on a common, pathogenic Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducers and activations of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. This pathway stimulates effector functions of macrophages, promotes differentiation of Th17 lymphocytes and enhances matrix metalloproteinase expression, ultimately resulting in deterioration of vascular wall structural integrity. Further research evaluating the impact of interventions modulating this common JAK-STAT3 pathway may yield new therapeutic interventions for late stages of vascular expansion in inflammation driven aortic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Ijaz
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ronald G Tilton
- Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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29
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Racca AC, Ridano ME, Bandeira CL, Bevilacqua E, Avvad Portari E, Genti-Raimondi S, Graham CH, Panzetta-Dutari GM. Low oxygen tension induces Krüppel-Like Factor 6 expression in trophoblast cells. Placenta 2016; 45:50-7. [PMID: 27577710 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Krüppel-Like Factor 6 (KLF6) has important roles in cell differentiation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and proliferation. Furthermore, there is evidence that KLF6 is required for proper placental development. While oxygen is a critical mediator of trophoblast differentiation and function, the involvement of oxygen in the regulation of KLF6 expression remains unexplored. In the present study we examined the expression of KLF6 in placental tissue from uncomplicated and preeclamptic pregnancies, the latter often characterized by an inadequately perfused placenta. We also determined the effect of hypoxia and the involvement of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α) on the expression of KLF6 in cultured trophoblast cells and placental tissues. Results revealed that villous, interstitial and endovascular extravillous cytotrophoblasts from placentas from normal and preeclamptic pregnancies express KLF6. In addition, KLF6 immunoreactivity was higher in the placental bed of preeclamptic pregnancies than in those of uncomplicated pregnancies. We demonstrated that hypoxia induced an early and transient increase in KLF6 protein levels in HTR8/SVneo extravillous cytotrophoblast cells and in placental explants. Reoxygenation returned KLF6 protein to basal levels. Moreover, hypoxia-induced up-regulation of KLF6 expression was dependent on HIF-1α as revealed by siRNA knockdown in HTR8/SVneo cells. These results indicate that KLF6 may mediate some of the effects of hypoxia in placental development. The regulation of KLF6 protein levels by oxygen has significant implications for understanding its putative role in diseases affected by tissue hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Racca
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M E Ridano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C L Bandeira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Bevilacqua
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Avvad Portari
- Department of Pathology at Medical Sciences School, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S Genti-Raimondi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C H Graham
- Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - G M Panzetta-Dutari
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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30
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ω-3 PUFAs ameliorate liver fibrosis and inhibit hepatic stellate cells proliferation and activation by promoting YAP/TAZ degradation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30029. [PMID: 27435808 PMCID: PMC4951777 DOI: 10.1038/srep30029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of the transcriptional regulators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivators with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), key effectors of the Hippo pathway, have been shown to play essential roles in controlling liver cell fate and the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) has been positively associated with a number of health benefits including prevention and reduction of cardiovascular diseases, inflammation and cancers. However, little is known about the impact of ω-3 PUFAs on liver fibrosis. In this study, we used CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model and found that YAP/TAZ is over-expressed in the fibrotic liver and activated HSCs. Fish oil administration to the model mouse attenuates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Further study revealed that ω-3 PUFAs down-regulate the expression of pro-fibrogenic genes in activated HSCs and fibrotic liver, and the down-regulation is mediated via YAP, thus identifying YAP as a target of ω-3 PUFAs. Moreover, ω-3 PUFAs promote YAP/TAZ degradation in a proteasome-dependent manner. Our data have identified a mechanism of ω-3 PUFAs in ameliorating liver fibrosis.
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31
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Richter K, Kietzmann T. Reactive oxygen species and fibrosis: further evidence of a significant liaison. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:591-605. [PMID: 27345301 PMCID: PMC5010605 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2445-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Age-related diseases such as obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic kidney disease and cardiomyopathy are frequently associated with fibrosis. Work within the last decade has improved our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to fibrosis development. In particular, oxidative stress and the antioxidant system appear to be crucial modulators of processes such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signalling, metabolic homeostasis and chronic low-grade inflammation, all of which play important roles in fibrosis development and persistence. In the current review, we discuss the connections between reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzymes and TGF-β1 signalling, together with functional consequences, reflecting a concept of redox-fibrosis that can be targeted in future therapies. ᅟ ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Richter
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7A, FI-90230, Oulu, Finland
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7A, FI-90230, Oulu, Finland.
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32
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Zhang Y, Zhao X, Chang Y, Zhang Y, Chu X, Zhang X, Liu Z, Guo H, Wang N, Gao Y, Zhang J, Chu L. Calcium channel blockers ameliorate iron overload-associated hepatic fibrosis by altering iron transport and stellate cell apoptosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 301:50-60. [PMID: 27095094 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with iron overload. Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) can antagonize divalent cation entry into renal and myocardial cells and inhibit fibrogenic gene expression. We investigated the potential of CCBs to resolve iron overload-associated hepatic fibrosis. Kunming mice were assigned to nine groups (n=8 per group): control, iron overload, deferoxamine, high and low dose verapamil, high and low dose nimodipine, and high and low dose diltiazem. Iron deposition and hepatic fibrosis were measured in mouse livers. Expression levels of molecules associated with transmembrane iron transport were determined by molecular biology approaches. In vitro HSC-T6 cells were randomized into nine groups (the same groups as the mice). Changes in proliferation, apoptosis, and metalloproteinase expression in cells were detected to assess the anti-fibrotic effects of CCBs during iron overload conditions. We found that CCBs reduced hepatic iron content, intracellular iron deposition, the number of hepatic fibrotic areas, collagen expression levels, and hydroxyproline content. CCBs rescued abnormal expression of α1C protein in L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (LVDCC) and down-regulated divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT-1) expression in mouse livers. In iron-overloaded HSC-T6 cells, CCBs reduced iron deposition, inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, and elevated expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). CCBs are potential therapeutic agents that can be used to address hepatic fibrosis during iron overload. They resolve hepatic fibrosis probably correlated with regulating transmembrane iron transport and inhibiting HSC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Forth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyi Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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Transcription factor KLF6 upregulates expression of metalloprotease MMP14 and subsequent release of soluble endoglin during vascular injury. Angiogenesis 2016; 19:155-71. [PMID: 26850053 PMCID: PMC4819519 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-016-9495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
After endothelial injury, the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) translocates into the cell nucleus to regulate a variety of target genes involved in angiogenesis, vascular repair and remodeling, including components of the membrane transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) receptor complex such as endoglin and activin receptor-like kinase 1. The membrane metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14 or MT1-MMP) targets endoglin to release soluble endoglin and is involved in vascular inflammation and endothelial tubulogenesis. However, little is known about the regulation of MMP14 expression during vascular wounding. In vitro denudation of monolayers of human endothelial cell monolayers leads to an increase in the KLF6 gene transcriptional rate, followed by an upregulation of MMP14 and release of soluble endoglin. Concomitant with this process, MMP14 co-localizes with endoglin in the sprouting endothelial cells surrounding the wound border. MMP14 expression at mRNA and protein levels is increased by ectopic KLF6 and downregulated by KLF6 suppression in cultured endothelial cells. Moreover, after wire-induced endothelial denudation, Klf6+/− mice show lower levels of MMP14 in their vasculature compared with their wild-type siblings. Ectopic cellular expression of KLF6 results in an increased transcription rate of MMP14, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays show that KLF6 interacts with MMP14 promoter in ECs, this interaction being enhanced during wound healing. Furthermore, KLF6 markedly increases the transcriptional activity of different reporter constructs of MMP14 gene promoter. These results suggest that KLF6 regulates MMP14 transcription and is a critical player of the gene expression network triggered during endothelial repair.
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Arai M, Kawachi T, Kotoku N, Nakata C, Kamada H, Tsunoda SI, Tsutsumi Y, Endo H, Inoue M, Sato H, Kobayashi M. Furospinosulin-1, Marine Spongean Furanosesterterpene, Suppresses the Growth of Hypoxia-Adapted Cancer Cells by Binding to Transcriptional Regulators p54(nrb) and LEDGF/p75. Chembiochem 2015; 17:181-9. [PMID: 26561285 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-adapted cancer cells in tumors contribute to the pathological progression of cancer. Cancer research has therefore focused on the identification of molecules responsible for hypoxia adaptation in cancer cells, as well as the development of new compounds with action against hypoxia-adapted cancer cells. The marine natural product furospinosulin-1 (1) has displayed hypoxia-selective growth inhibition against cultured cancer cells, and has shown in vivo anti-tumor activity, although its precise mode of action and molecular targets remain unclear. In this study, we found that 1 is selectively effective against hypoxic regions of tumors, and that it directly binds to the transcriptional regulators p54(nrb) and LEDGF/p75, which have not been previously identified as mediators of hypoxia adaptation in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Arai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kawachi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kotoku
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chiaki Nakata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kamada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saitoasagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Tsunoda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saitoasagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saitoasagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Hiroko Endo
- Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Motomasa Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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35
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Richter K, Konzack A, Pihlajaniemi T, Heljasvaara R, Kietzmann T. Redox-fibrosis: Impact of TGFβ1 on ROS generators, mediators and functional consequences. Redox Biol 2015; 6:344-352. [PMID: 26335400 PMCID: PMC4565043 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is one of the most prevalent features of age-related diseases like obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic kidney disease, or cardiomyopathy and affects millions of people in all countries. Although the understanding about the pathophysiology of fibrosis has improved a lot during the recent years, a number of mechanisms still remain unknown. Although TGF-β1 signaling, loss of metabolic homeostasis and chronic low-grade inflammation appear to play important roles in the pathogenesis of fibrosis, recent evidence indicates that oxidative stress and the antioxidant system may also be crucial for fibrosis development and persistence. These findings point to a concept of a redox-fibrosis where the cellular oxidant and antioxidant system could be potential therapeutic targets. The current review aims to summarize the existing links between TGF-β1 signaling, generation and action of reactive oxygen species, expression of antioxidative enzymes, and functional consequences including epigenetic redox-mediated responses during fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Richter
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anja Konzack
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Center of Excellence in Cell-Extracellular Matrix Research, Finland
| | - Ritva Heljasvaara
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Center of Excellence in Cell-Extracellular Matrix Research, Finland
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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36
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Yanguas SC, Cogliati B, Willebrords J, Maes M, Colle I, van den Bossche B, de Oliveira CPMS, Andraus W, Alves VAF, Leclercq I, Vinken M. Experimental models of liver fibrosis. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:1025-1048. [PMID: 26047667 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a wound healing response to insults and as such affects the entire world population. In industrialized countries, the main causes of liver fibrosis include alcohol abuse, chronic hepatitis virus infection and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. A central event in liver fibrosis is the activation of hepatic stellate cells, which is triggered by a plethora of signaling pathways. Liver fibrosis can progress into more severe stages, known as cirrhosis, when liver acini are substituted by nodules, and further to hepatocellular carcinoma. Considerable efforts are currently devoted to liver fibrosis research, not only with the goal of further elucidating the molecular mechanisms that drive this disease, but equally in view of establishing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The present paper provides a state-of-the-art overview of in vivo and in vitro models used in the field of experimental liver fibrosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Crespo Yanguas
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joost Willebrords
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michaël Maes
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Colle
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Bert van den Bossche
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery, Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis, Aalst, Belgium
| | | | - Wellington Andraus
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Isabelle Leclercq
- Laboratoire d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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37
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Tu X, Zheng X, Li H, Cao Z, Chang H, Luan S, Zhu J, Chen J, Zang Y, Zhang J. MicroRNA-30 Protects Against Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Liver Fibrosis by Attenuating Transforming Growth Factor Beta Signaling in Hepatic Stellate Cells. Toxicol Sci 2015; 146:157-69. [PMID: 25912033 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is crucial for transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the blunting of TGF-β signaling in HSCs can effectively prevent liver fibrosis. Krüppel-like factor 11 (KLF11) is an early response transcription factor that potentiates TGF-β/Smad signaling by suppressing the transcription of inhibitory Smad7. Using a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis, we observed significant upregulation of KLF11 in the activated HSCs during liver fibrogenesis. Meanwhile, the downregulation of miR-30 was observed in the HSCs isolated from fibrotic liver. Adenovirus-mediated ectopic expression of miR-30 was under the control of smooth muscle α-actin promoter, showing that the increase in miR-30 in HSC greatly reduced CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Subsequent investigations showed that miR-30 suppressed KLF11 expression in HSC and led to a significant upregulation of Smad7 in vivo. Mechanistic studies further confirmed that KLF11 was the direct target of miR-30, and revealed that miR-30 blunted the profibrogenic TGF-β signaling in HSC by suppressing KLF11 expression and thus enhanced the negative feedback loop of TGF-β signaling imposed by Smad7. Finally, we demonstrated that miR-30 facilitated the reversal of activated HSC to a quiescent state as indicated by the inhibition of proliferation and migration, the loss of activation markers, and the gain of quiescent HSC markers. In conclusion, our results define miR-30 as a crucial suppressor of TGF-β signaling in HSCs activation and provide useful insights into the mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tu
- *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Zheng
- *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanan Li
- *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanwen Chang
- *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyuan Luan
- *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhu
- *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangning Chen
- *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Zang
- *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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38
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Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) comprise a highly conserved family of zinc finger transcription factors, that are involved in a plethora of cellular processes, ranging from proliferation and apoptosis to differentiation, migration and pluripotency. During the last few years, evidence on their role and deregulation in different human cancers has been emerging. This review will discuss current knowledge on Krüppel-like transcription in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and metastasis, with a focus on epithelial cancer biology and the extensive interface with pluripotency. Furthermore, as KLFs are able to mediate different outcomes, important influences of the cellular and microenvironmental context will be highlighted. Finally, we attempt to integrate diverse findings on KLF functions in EMT and stem cell biology to ft in the current model of cellular plasticity as a tool for successful metastatic dissemination.
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Astaxanthin prevents TGFβ1-induced pro-fibrogenic gene expression by inhibiting Smad3 activation in hepatic stellate cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:178-85. [PMID: 25450180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a subset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the most common chronic liver disease in the U.S. Fibrosis, a common feature of NASH, results from the dysregulation of fibrogenesis in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In this study, we investigated whether astaxanthin (ASTX), a xanthophyll carotenoid, can inhibit fibrogenic effects of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), a key fibrogenic cytokine, in HSCs. METHODS Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was measured in LX-2, an immortalized human HSC cell line. Quantitative realtime PCR, Western blot, immunocytochemical analysis, and in-cell Western blot were performed to determine mRNA and protein of fibrogenic genes, and the activation of Smad3 in TGFβ1-activated LX-2 cells and primary mouse HSCs. RESULTS In LX-2 cells, ROS accumulation induced by tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide and TGFβ1 was abolished by ASTX. ASTX significantly decreased TGFβ1-induced α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and procollagen type 1, alpha 1 (Col1A1) mRNA as well as α-SMA protein levels. Knockdown of Smad3 showed the significant role of Smad3 in the expression of α-SMA and Col1A1, but not TGFβ1, in LX-2 cells. ASTX attenuated TGFβ1-induced Smad3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation with a concomitant inhibition of Smad3, Smad7, TGFβ receptor I (TβRI), and TβRII expression. The inhibitory effect of ASTX on HSC activation was confirmed in primary mouse HSCs as evidenced by decreased mRNA and protein levels of α-SMA during activation. CONCLUSION Taken together, ASTX exerted anti-fibrogenic effects by blocking TGFβ1-signaling, consequently inhibiting the activation of Smad3 pathway in HSCs. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests that ASTX may be used as a preventive/therapeutic agent to prevent hepatic fibrosis.
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Tu X, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhao S, Zheng X, Zhang Z, Zhu J, Chen J, Dong L, Zang Y, Zhang J. MicroRNA-101 suppresses liver fibrosis by targeting the TGFβ signalling pathway. J Pathol 2014; 234:46-59. [PMID: 24817606 DOI: 10.1002/path.4373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is crucial for liver fibrogenesis and the blunting of TGFβ signalling in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) or hepatocytes can effectively inhibit liver fibrosis. microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators in modulating TGFβ signalling and liver fibrogenesis. However, the regulation of TGFβ receptor I (TβRI) production by miRNA remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the miR-101 family members act as suppressors of TGFβ signalling by targeting TβRI and its transcriptional activator Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) during liver fibrogenesis. Using a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced liver fibrosis, we conducted a time-course experiment and observed significant down-regulation of miR-101 in the fibrotic liver as well as in the activated HSCs and injured hepatocytes in the process of liver fibrosis. Meanwhile, up-regulation of TβRI/KLF6 was observed in the fibrotic liver. Subsequent investigations validated that TβRI and KLF6 were direct targets of miR-101. Lentivirus-mediated ectopic expression of miR-101 in liver greatly reduced CCl4 -induced liver fibrosis, whereas intravenous administration of antisense miR-101 oligonucleotides aggravated hepatic fibrogenesis. Mechanistic studies revealed that miR-101 inhibited profibrogenic TGFβ signalling by suppressing TβRI expression in both HSCs and hepatocytes. Additionally, miR-101 promoted the reversal of activated HSCs to a quiescent state, as indicated by suppression of proliferation and migration, loss of activation markers and gain of quiescent HSC-specific markers. In hepatocytes, miR-101 attenuated profibrogenic TGFβ signalling and suppressed the consequent up-regulation of profibrogenic cytokines, as well as TGFβ-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and the inhibition of cell proliferation. The pleiotropic roles of miR-101 in hepatic fibrogenesis suggest that it could be a potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, People's Republic of China
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Yang JW, Hien TT, Lim SC, Jun DW, Choi HS, Yoon JH, Cho IJ, Kang KW. Pin1 induction in the fibrotic liver and its roles in TGF-β1 expression and Smad2/3 phosphorylation. J Hepatol 2014; 60:1235-41. [PMID: 24530597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Therapeutic management of liver fibrosis remains an unsolved clinical problem. Hepatic accumulation of extracellular matrix, mainly collagen, is mediated by the production of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in stellate cells. Pin1, a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, plays an important pathophysiological role in several diseases, including neurodegeneration and cancer. Herein, we determined whether Pin1 regulates liver fibrogenesis and examined its mechanism of action by focusing on TGF-β1 signalling and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. METHODS Pin1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry, Western blot or real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses of human and mouse fibrotic liver samples. The role of Pin1 during HSC activation was estimated using Pin1-null mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells and Pin1-overexpressing LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells. RESULTS Pin1 expression was elevated in human and mouse fibrotic liver tissues, and Pin1 inhibition improved dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Pin1 inhibition reduced the mRNA or protein expression of TGF-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) by DMN treatment. Pin1 knockdown suppressed TGFβ1 gene expression in both LX-2 and MEF cells. Pin1-mediated TGFβ1 gene transcription was controlled by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)- and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt-mediated activator protein-1 (AP-1) activation. Moreover, TGFβ1-stimulated Smad2/3 phosphorylation and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression were inhibited by Pin1 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Pin1 induction during liver fibrosis is involved in hepatic stellate cell activation, TGFβ1 expression, and TGFβ1-mediated fibrogenesis signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Won Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Thi Hien
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Han Yang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Yoon
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Je Cho
- Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Formulation, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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Dhaouadi N, Li JY, Feugier P, Gustin MP, Dab H, Kacem K, Bricca G, Cerutti C. Computational identification of potential transcriptional regulators of TGF-ß1 in human atherosclerotic arteries. Genomics 2014; 103:357-70. [PMID: 24819318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
TGF-ß is protective in atherosclerosis but deleterious in metastatic cancers. Our aim was to determine whether TGF-ß transcriptional regulation is tissue-specific in early atherosclerosis. The computational methods included 5 steps: (i) from microarray data of human atherosclerotic carotid tissue, to identify the 10 best co-expressed genes with TGFB1 (TGFB1 gene cluster), (ii) to choose the 11 proximal promoters, (iii) to predict the TFBS shared by the promoters, (iv) to identify the common TFs co-expressed with the TGFB1 gene cluster, and (v) to compare the common TFs in the early lesions to those identified in advanced atherosclerotic lesions and in various cancers. Our results show that EGR1, SP1 and KLF6 could be responsible for TGFB1 basal expression, KLF6 appearing specific to atherosclerotic lesions. Among the TFs co-expressed with the gene cluster, transcriptional activators (SLC2A4RG, MAZ) and repressors (ZBTB7A, PATZ1, ZNF263) could be involved in the fine-tuning of TGFB1 expression in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedra Dhaouadi
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France; Unité de Physiologie Intégrée, Laboratoire de Pathologies Vasculaires, Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Jacques-Yuan Li
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Feugier
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Paule Gustin
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France
| | - Houcine Dab
- Unité de Physiologie Intégrée, Laboratoire de Pathologies Vasculaires, Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Kacem
- Unité de Physiologie Intégrée, Laboratoire de Pathologies Vasculaires, Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Giampiero Bricca
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Cerutti
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France.
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Tsai TH, Shih SC, Ho TC, Ma HI, Liu MY, Chen SL, Tsao YP. Pigment epithelium-derived factor 34-mer peptide prevents liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell activation through down-regulation of the PDGF receptor. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95443. [PMID: 24763086 PMCID: PMC3998957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) has been shown previously to prevent liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. By investigating the functional domains in PEDF, we identified a 34-mer peptide (residues Asp44-Asn77) that harbors the same function as the full-length PEDF protein. Not only did the 34-mer suppress the development of fibrosis in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated mouse liver but it also upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) expression in HSCs in vivo. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) plays a crucial role on the process of HSC activation in response to liver damage. The 34-mer suppressed PDGF-induced cell proliferation and expression of myofibroblastic marker proteins in primary rat HSC culture, increased the levels of PPARγ mRNA and protein in a dose-dependent manner and markedly reduced the level of active β-catenin protein, an HSC activating factor, in HSC-T6 cells. Similarly, IWR-1, an inhibitor of the Wnt response, displayed the same effect as the 34-mer in preventing HSC-T6 activation. The Wnt signaling-mediated PPARγ suppression was abolished by both the IWR-1 inhibitor and a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting β-catenin and the Wnt coreceptor, LRP6. Both PEDF and the 34-mer down-regulated PDGF receptor-α/β expression and blocked the PDGF-induced phosphorylation of Akt and ERK. Moreover, the inhibitory effect on PDGF receptor expression was abolished by PPARγ antagonists and PPARγ siRNA. Our observations indicate that the PEDF-derived 34-mer peptide can mimic PEDF in attenuating HSC activation. Investigation of this 34-mer peptide led to the identification of a signaling mechanism involving PPARγ induction, suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and down-regulation of the PDGF receptor-α/β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Han Tsai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Center, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Shou-Chuan Shih
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipai, Republic of China
- Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Tsung-Chuan Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-I Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Center, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Ying Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Center, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Show-Li Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Yeou-Ping Tsao
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Wei JH, Cao JZ, Zhang D, Liao B, Zhong WM, Lu J, Zhao HW, Zhang JX, Tong ZT, Fan S, Liang CZ, Liao YB, Pang J, Wu RH, Fang Y, Chen ZH, Li B, Xie D, Chen W, Luo JH. EIF5A2 predicts outcome in localised invasive bladder cancer and promotes bladder cancer cell aggressiveness in vitro and in vivo. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:1767-77. [PMID: 24504366 PMCID: PMC3974079 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND EIF5A2, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2, is associated with several human cancers. In this study, we investigated the role of EIF5A2 in the metastatic potential of localised invasive bladder cancer (BC) and its underlying molecular mechanisms were explored. METHODS The expression pattern of EIF5A2 in localised invasive BC was determined by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the function of EIF5A2 in BC and its underlying mechanisms were elucidated with a series of in vitro and in vivo assays. RESULTS Overexpression of EIF5A2 was an independent predictor for poor metastasis-free survival of localised invasive BC patients treated with radical cystectomy. Knockdown of EIF5A2 inhibited BC cell migratory and invasive capacities in vitro and metastatic potential in vivo and reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas overexpression of EIF5A2 promoted BC cells motility and invasiveness in vitro and metastatic potential in vivo and induced EMT. In addition, we found that EIF5A2 might activate TGF-β1 expression to induce EMT and drive aggressiveness in BC cells. EIF5A2 stabilized STAT3 and stimulated nuclear localisation of STAT3, which resulted in increasing enrichment of STAT3 onto TGF-β1 promoter to enhance the transcription of TGF-β1. CONCLUSIONS EIF5A2 overexpression predicts tumour metastatic potential in patients with localised invasive BC treated with radical cystectomy. Furthermore, EIF5A2 elevated TGF-β1 expression through STAT3 to induce EMT and promotes aggressiveness in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Wei
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J-Z Cao
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Jiangmen Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen, China
| | - D Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - B Liao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W-M Zhong
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Lu
- Department of Urology, Jiangmen Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen, China
| | - H-W Zhao
- Department of Urology, Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, China
| | - J-X Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z-T Tong
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - S Fan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - C-Z Liang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Y-B Liao
- Department of Urology, Jiangmen Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen, China
| | - J Pang
- Department of Urology, Jiangmen Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen, China
| | - R-H Wu
- Department of Urology, Jiangmen Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Y Fang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z-H Chen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - B Li
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - D Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Chen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J-H Luo
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Dongiovanni P, Anstee QM, Valenti L. Genetic predisposition in NAFLD and NASH: impact on severity of liver disease and response to treatment. Curr Pharm Des 2014; 19:5219-38. [PMID: 23394097 PMCID: PMC3850262 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fat deposition related to systemic insulin resistance defines non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which, when associated with oxidative hepatocellular damage, inflammation, and activation of fibrogenesis, i.e. non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), can progress towards cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Due to the epidemic of obesity, NAFLD is now the most frequent liver disease and the leading cause of altered liver enzymes in Western countries. Epidemiological, familial, and twin studies provide evidence for an element of heritability of NAFLD. Genetic modifiers of disease severity and progression have been identified through genome-wide association studies. These include the Patatin-like phosholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene variant I148M as a major determinant of inter-individual and ethnicity-related differences in hepatic fat content independent of insulin resistance and serum lipid concentration. Association studies confirm that the I148M polymorphism is also a strong modifier of NASH and progressive hepatic injury. Furthermore, a few large multicentre case-control studies have demonstrated a role for genetic variants implicated in insulin signalling, oxidative stress, and fibrogenesis in the progression of NAFLD towards fibrosing NASH, and confirm that hepatocellular fat accumulation and insulin resistance are key operative mechanisms closely involved in the progression of liver damage. It is now important to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations between gene variants and progressive liver disease, and to evaluate their impact on the response to available therapies. It is hoped that this knowledge will offer further insights into pathogenesis, suggest novel therapeutic targets, and could help guide physicians towards individualised therapy that improves clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dongiovanni
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, section Internal Medicine, Università degli Studi Milano, UO Medicina Interna1B, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Gui T, Wang Y, Zhang L, Wang W, Zhu H, Ding W. Krüppel-like factor 6 rendered rat Schwann cell more sensitive to apoptosis via upregulating FAS expression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82449. [PMID: 24324791 PMCID: PMC3853331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) is a tumor suppressor gene and play a role in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. After the peripheral nerve injury (PNI), the microenvironment created by surrounding Schwann cells (SCs) is a critical determinant of its regenerative potential. In this study, we examined the effects of KLF6 on SCs responses during PNI. Both KLF6 mRNA and protein expression levels were upregulated in the injured sciatic nerve, and immunofluorescence results showed that many KLF6-positive cells simultaneously expressed the SC markers S-100 and p75NTR. The apoptosis inducers TNFα and cisplatin upregulated KLF6 expression in primary cultured SCs and the SC line RSC96. Although KLF6 overexpression exacerbated cisplatin- and TNFα-induced apoptosis, expression levels of the apoptosis regulators Bcl2 and Bax were not significantly affected in either KLF6-overexpressing or KLF6-depleted RSC96 cells. Realtime PCR arrays and qRT-PCR demonstrated that KLF6 overexpression upregulated four pro-apoptotic genes, FAS, TNF, TNFSF12, and PYCARD, and inhibited expression of the anti-apoptotic IL10 gene expression. Further analysis revealed that FAS protein expression was positively correlated with KLF6 expression in SCs. These data suggest that KLF6 upregulation may render SCs more vulnerable to apoptosis after injury via upregulating FAS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gui
- Department of Anatomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueming Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixing Zhang
- State Key Laboratrory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenlong Ding
- Department of Anatomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Tampe B, Zeisberg M. Contribution of genetics and epigenetics to progression of kidney fibrosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 29 Suppl 4:iv72-9. [PMID: 23975750 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) which can lead to end-stage renal failure remains a principal challenge in Nephrology. While mechanistic studies provided extensive insights into the common pathways of fibrogenesis which underlie the progression of CKD, these pre-clinical studies fail to fully explain the vastly different progression slopes of individual patients. Recent studies provide evidence that genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic variations determine the individual susceptibility of patients to develop chronic progressive kidney disease. Here, we review recent insights that were provided by genome-wide association studies (GWASs), gene-linkage studies and epigenome analysis. The progression of CKD towards end-stage renal failure remains a principal unsolved problem in Nephrology as effective therapies and predictive tests are still not available [ 1, 2]. Chronic progressive kidney disease is caused by a wide range of diseases, with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and primary glomerulopathies being the most common causes in the Western world [ 3]. Infections, physical obstruction, interstitial nephritides and genetic cystic kidney diseases are also common causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [ 3]. Regardless of the primary underlying disease, chronically injured kidneys are histomorphologically characterized by tubulointerstitial fibrosis [ 1]. In fact, the extent of tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the best predictor for kidney survival, irrespective of the underlying disease. For this reason, fibrosis is considered the common pathway of chronic progressive kidney disease [ 1]. Fibrogenesis is a pathological scarring process which involves accumulation of activated fibroblasts, excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, failed regeneration of tubular epithelium, microvascular rarefaction and (mostly sterile) inflammation [ 4]. Fibrogenesis depends on a complex interaction of the involved cell types which is orchestrated by an extensive network of growth factors and signalling pathways (which are reviewed extensively elsewhere) [ 1]. In view of the detailed mechanistic knowledge of the pathways that orchestrate renal fibrogenesis, it is puzzling why progression rates of CKD differ dramatically among patients with identical underlying diseases [ 1, 2]. The fibrotic pathways are known, but the switches that control their intensities and which determine the speed at which fibrosis moves along the progression slope are not yet understood [ 1, 2]. The concept that genetic polymorphisms are the basis for individual progression rates of CKD is an obvious and attractive one. Distinct susceptibilities of different mouse and rat strains to experimental CKD are a strong testament of the impact of genetic variations on renal fibrogenesis. Identification of the underlying genetic polymorphisms and mechanistic proof of their involvement in the progression of CKD, however, is an ongoing challenge. There are two basic approaches: one strategy is to perform unbiased screening to identify genes which are associated with chronic progressive kidney disease and to then prove their mechanistic relevance in experimental studies ('genotype to phenotype approach'). The second strategy is to selectively analyse polymorphisms of genes which have been identified in mechanistic studies as drivers of renal fibrogenesis with regard to their association with CKD (phenotype to genotype approach). The puzzling observation, however, is that genetic analysis and mechanistic studies so far rarely complement each other. The current state of affairs is reviewed in more detail below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Tampe
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Zeisberg
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
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Nagarale GP, Ravindra S, Thakur S, Setty S. Long term follow up of idiopathic gingival enlargement associated with chronic periodontitis: A case report and review. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2013; 17:242-7. [PMID: 23869135 PMCID: PMC3713760 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.113088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic gingival enlargement is a rare condition characterized by massive enlargement of the gingiva. It may be associated with other diseases/conditions characterizing a syndrome, but rarely associated with periodontitis. CASE DESCRIPTION This case report describes an unusual clinical form of gingival enlargement associated with chronic periodontitis. Clinical examination revealed diffuse gingival enlargement. The lesion was asymptomatic, firm, and pinkish red. Generalized periodontal pockets were observed. Radiographic evaluation revealed generalized severe alveolar bone loss. Histopathological investigations revealed atrophic epithelium with dense fibrocollagenous tissue. Lesions healed successfully following extraction and surgical excision, and no recurrence was observed after 1 year follow-up but recurrence was observed at 3 and 5-years follow-up. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Successful treatment of idiopathic gingival enlargement depends on proper identification of etiologic factors and improving esthetics and function through surgical excision of the over growth. However, there may be recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish P Nagarale
- Department of Periodontics, S D M College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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Karagianni F, Prakoura N, Kaltsa G, Politis P, Arvaniti E, Kaltezioti V, Psarras S, Pagakis S, Katsimboulas M, Abed A, Chatziantoniou C, Charonis A. Transgelin Up-Regulation in Obstructive Nephropathy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66887. [PMID: 23840546 PMCID: PMC3694161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a complex and multifactorial process, affecting the structure and compromising the function of several organs. Among those, renal fibrosis is an important pathological change, eventually leading to renal failure. Proteomic analysis of the renal parenchyma in the well-established rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO model) suggested that transgelin was up-regulated during the development of fibrosis. Transgelin up-regulation was confirmed both at the protein and at the mRNA level. It was observed that at early stages of fibrosis transgelin was mainly expressed in the interstitial compartment and, more specifically, in cells surrounding the glomeruli. Subsequently, it was confirmed that transgelin expressing cells were activated fibroblasts, based on their extensive co-expression of α-SMA and their complete lack of co-distribution with markers of other cell types (endothelial, epithelial and cells of the immune system). These periglomerular fibroblasts exhibited staining for transgelin mainly cytoplasmic but occasionally nuclear as well. In addition, transgelin expression in periglomerular fibroblasts was absent in renal fibrosis developed in a hypertensive model, compared to the UUO model. Promoter analysis indicated that there are several conserved motifs for transcription factor binding. Among those, Kruppel-like factor 6 was found to be up-regulated in transgelin positive periglomerular activated fibroblasts, suggesting a possible involvement in the mechanism of transgelin up-regulation. These data strongly suggest that transgelin is up-regulated in the obstructive nephropathy and could be used as a novel marker for renal fibrosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fani Karagianni
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Section of Histology, Center for Basic Research I, Athens, Greece
| | - Niki Prakoura
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Section of Histology, Center for Basic Research I, Athens, Greece
| | - Garyfallia Kaltsa
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Section of Histology, Center for Basic Research I, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Politis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Section of Histology, Center for Basic Research I, Athens, Greece
| | - Elena Arvaniti
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Section of Histology, Center for Basic Research I, Athens, Greece
| | - Valeria Kaltezioti
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Section of Histology, Center for Basic Research I, Athens, Greece
| | - Stelios Psarras
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Section of Histology, Center for Basic Research I, Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatis Pagakis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Biological Imaging Unit, Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis Katsimboulas
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center for Experimental Surgery, Athens, Greece
| | - Ahmed Abed
- INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI, Paris, France
| | | | - Aristidis Charonis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Section of Histology, Center for Basic Research I, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
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Mgbemena V, Segovia J, Chang TH, Bose S. KLF6 and iNOS regulates apoptosis during respiratory syncytial virus infection. Cell Immunol 2013; 283:1-7. [PMID: 23831683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a highly pathogenic lung-tropic virus that causes severe respiratory diseases. Enzymatic activity of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) is required for NO generation. Although NO contributes to exaggerated lung disease during RSV infection, the role of NO in apoptosis during infection is not known. In addition, host trans-activator(s) required for iNOS gene expression during RSV infection is unknown. In the current study we have uncovered the mechanism of iNOS gene induction by identifying kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) as a critical transcription factor required for iNOS gene expression during RSV infection. Furthermore, we have also uncovered the role of iNOS as a critical host factor regulating apoptosis during RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Mgbemena
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
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