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Babygirija R, Sonsalla MM, Mill J, James I, Han JH, Green CL, Calubag MF, Wade G, Tobon A, Michael J, Trautman MM, Matoska R, Yeh CY, Grunow I, Pak HH, Rigby MJ, Baldwin DA, Niemi NM, Denu JM, Puglielli L, Simcox J, Lamming DW. Protein restriction slows the development and progression of pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5217. [PMID: 38890307 PMCID: PMC11189507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary protein is a critical regulator of metabolic health and aging. Low protein diets are associated with healthy aging in humans, and dietary protein restriction extends the lifespan and healthspan of mice. In this study, we examined the effect of protein restriction (PR) on metabolic health and the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the 3xTg mouse model of AD. Here, we show that PR promotes leanness and glycemic control in 3xTg mice, specifically rescuing the glucose intolerance of 3xTg females. PR induces sex-specific alterations in circulating and brain metabolites, downregulating sphingolipid subclasses in 3xTg females. PR also reduces AD pathology and mTORC1 activity, increases autophagy, and improves the cognition of 3xTg mice. Finally, PR improves the survival of 3xTg mice. Our results suggest that PR or pharmaceutical interventions that mimic the effects of this diet may hold promise as a treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reji Babygirija
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michelle M Sonsalla
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jericha Mill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Isabella James
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Integrated Program in Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jessica H Han
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Cara L Green
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mariah F Calubag
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gina Wade
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Integrated Program in Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Anna Tobon
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John Michael
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michaela M Trautman
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Nutrition and Metabolism Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ryan Matoska
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chung-Yang Yeh
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Isaac Grunow
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Heidi H Pak
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Nutrition and Metabolism Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael J Rigby
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Dominique A Baldwin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Natalie M Niemi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John M Denu
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Nutrition and Metabolism Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Luigi Puglielli
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Judith Simcox
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Integrated Program in Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Nutrition and Metabolism Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Nutrition and Metabolism Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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2
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Marshall J, Huynh K, Lancaster G, Ng J, Collins J, Pernes G, Liang A, Featherby T, Mellet N, Drew B, Calkin A, King A, Meikle P, Febbraio M, Adlard P, Henstridge D. Behavioral, metabolic, and lipidomic characterization of the 5xFADxTg30 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. iScience 2024; 27:108800. [PMID: 38292430 PMCID: PMC10826307 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with both extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). We characterized the behavioral, metabolic and lipidomic phenotype of the 5xFADxTg30 mouse model which contains overexpression of both Aβ and tau. Our results independently reproduce several phenotypic traits described previously for this model, while providing additional characterization. This model develops many aspects associated with AD including frailty, decreased survival, initiation of aspects of cognitive decline and alterations to specific lipid classes and molecular lipid species in the plasma and brain. Notably, some sex-specific differences exist in this model and motor impairment with aging in this model does compromise the utility of the model for some movement-based behavioral assessments of cognitive function. These findings provide a reference for individuals interested in using this model to understand the pathology associated with elevated Aβ and tau or for testing potential therapeutics for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.P.S. Marshall
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - K. Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - G.I. Lancaster
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J. Ng
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - J.M. Collins
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - G. Pernes
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A. Liang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - T. Featherby
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - N.A. Mellet
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - B.G. Drew
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A.C. Calkin
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A.E. King
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - P.J. Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - M.A. Febbraio
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P.A. Adlard
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - D.C. Henstridge
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
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3
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Saha J, Ford BJ, Wang X, Boyd S, Morgan SE, Rangachari V. Sugar distributions on gangliosides guide the formation and stability of amyloid-β oligomers. Biophys Chem 2023; 300:107073. [PMID: 37413816 PMCID: PMC10529042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of Aβ peptides is a key contributor to the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. Being intrinsically disordered, monomeric Aβ is susceptible to conformational excursions, especially in the presence of important interacting partners such as membrane lipids, to adopt specific aggregation pathways. Furthermore, components such as gangliosides in membranes and lipid rafts are known to play important roles in the adoption of pathways and the generation of discrete neurotoxic oligomers. Yet, what roles do carbohydrates on gangliosides play in this process remains unknown. Here, using GM1, GM3, and GD3 ganglioside micelles as models, we show that the sugar distributions and cationic amino acids within Aβ N-terminal region modulate oligomerization of Aβ temporally, and dictate the stability and maturation of oligomers. These results demonstrate the selectivity of sugar distributions on the membrane surface toward oligomerization of Aβ and thus implicate cell-selective enrichment of oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhinuk Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, 118, College Dr Hattiesburg, MS 39402, USA
| | - Brea J Ford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, 118, College Dr Hattiesburg, MS 39402, USA
| | | | - Sydney Boyd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, 118, College Dr Hattiesburg, MS 39402, USA
| | | | - Vijayaraghavan Rangachari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, 118, College Dr Hattiesburg, MS 39402, USA; Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA.
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4
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Saha J, Ford BJ, Boyd S, Rangachari V. Sugar distributions on gangliosides guide the formation and stability of amyloid-β oligomers. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.09.540003. [PMID: 37214891 PMCID: PMC10197704 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.09.540003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of Aβ peptides has been known as a key contributor to the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. Being intrinsically disordered, the monomeric Aβ is susceptible to conformational excursions, especially in the presence of key interacting partners such as membrane lipids, to adopt specific aggregation pathways. Furthermore, key components such as gangliosides in membranes and lipid rafts are known to play important roles in the adoption of pathways and the generation of discrete neurotoxic oligomers. Yet, what roles the carbohydrates on gangliosides play in this process remains unknown. Here, using GM1, GM3, and GD3 ganglioside micelles as models, we show that the sugar distributions and cationic amino acids within Aβ N-terminal region modulate oligomerization of Aβ temporally, and dictate the stability and maturation of oligomers.
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5
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Wang M, Tang G, Zhou C, Guo H, Hu Z, Hu Q, Li G. Revisiting the intersection of microglial activation and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease from the perspective of ferroptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 375:110387. [PMID: 36758888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by chronic neuroinflammation with amyloid beta-protein deposition and hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The typical clinical manifestation of AD is progressive memory impairment, and AD is considered a multifactorial disease with various etiologies (genetic factors, aging, lifestyle, etc.) and complicated pathophysiological processes. Previous research identified that neuroinflammation and typical microglial activation are significant mechanisms underlying AD, resulting in dysfunction of the nervous system and progression of the disease. Ferroptosis is a novel modality involved in this process. As an iron-dependent form of cell death, ferroptosis, characterized by iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and irreversible plasma membrane disruption, promotes AD by accelerating neuronal dysfunction and abnormal microglial activation. In this case, disturbances in brain iron homeostasis and neuronal ferroptosis aggravate neuroinflammation and lead to the abnormal activation of microglia. Abnormally activated microglia release various pro-inflammatory factors that aggravate the dysregulation of iron homeostasis and neuroinflammation, forming a vicious cycle. In this review, we first introduce ferroptosis, microglia, AD, and their relationship. Second, we discuss the nonnegligible role of ferroptosis in the abnormal microglial activation involved in the chronic neuroinflammation of AD to provide new ideas for the identification of potential therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- Queen Mary School, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Gan Tang
- Queen Mary School, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Congfa Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Hongmin Guo
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Zihui Hu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Qixing Hu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China.
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6
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Zhang L, Li L, Meng F, Yu J, He F, Lin Y, Su Y, Hu M, Liu X, Liu Y, Luo B, Peng G. Serum Metabolites Differentiate Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment From Healthy Controls and Predict Early Alzheimer's Disease via Untargeted Lipidomics Analysis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:704582. [PMID: 34408722 PMCID: PMC8365883 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.704582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and presents with metabolic perturbations early in the disease process. In order to explore biomarkers useful in predicting early AD, we compared serum metabolites among patients suffering different stages of AD. Methods: We recruited 107 participants including 23 healthy controls (HC), 21 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), 24 non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (naMCI) and 39 AD patients. Via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based serum untargeted lipidomics analysis, we compared differences in serum lipid metabolites among these patient groups and further elucidated biomarkers that differentiate aMCI from HC. Results: There were significant differences of serum lipid metabolites among the groups, and 20 metabolites were obtained under negative ion mode from HC and aMCI comparison. Notably, 16:3 cholesteryl ester, ganglioside GM3 (d18:1/9z-18:1) and neuromedin B were associated with cognition and increased the predictive effect of aMCI to 0.98 as revealed by random forest classifier. The prediction model composed of MoCA score, 16:3 cholesteryl ester and ganglioside GM3 (d18:1/9z-18:1) had good predictive performance for aMCI. Glycerophospholipid metabolism was a pathway common among HC/aMCI and aMCI/AD groups. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence highlighting that 16:3 cholesteryl ester were useful for AD disease monitoring while ganglioside GM3 (d18:1/9z-18:1) and neuromedin B discriminated aMCI from HC, which can probably be applied in clinic for early predicting of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingxiao Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fanxia Meng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangping He
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajie Lin
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Su
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengjie Hu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Benyan Luo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Peng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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García-Viñuales S, Sciacca MFM, Lanza V, Santoro AM, Grasso G, Tundo GR, Sbardella D, Coletta M, Grasso G, La Rosa C, Milardi D. The interplay between lipid and Aβ amyloid homeostasis in Alzheimer's Disease: risk factors and therapeutic opportunities. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 236:105072. [PMID: 33675779 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Diseases (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid deposits of Aβ peptide in the brain. Besides genetic background, the presence of other diseases and an unhealthy lifestyle are known risk factors for AD development. Albeit accumulating clinical evidence suggests that an impaired lipid metabolism is related to Aβ deposition, mechanistic insights on the link between amyloid fibril formation/clearance and aberrant lipid interactions are still unavailable. Recently, many studies have described the key role played by membrane bound Aβ assemblies in neurotoxicity. Moreover, it has been suggested that a derangement of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway and autophagy is significantly correlated with toxic Aβ aggregation and dysregulation of lipid levels. Thus, studies focusing on the role played by lipids in Aβ aggregation and proteostasis could represent a promising area of investigation for the design of valuable treatments. In this review we examine current knowledge concerning the effects of lipids in Aβ aggregation and degradation processes, focusing on the therapeutic opportunities that a comprehensive understanding of all biophysical, biochemical, and biological processes involved may disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele F M Sciacca
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Lanza
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Santoro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Grasso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia R Tundo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grasso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo La Rosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Danilo Milardi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Catania, Italy.
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Kshirsagar V, Thingore C, Juvekar A. Insulin resistance: a connecting link between Alzheimer's disease and metabolic disorder. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:67-83. [PMID: 32986168 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is closely linked with insulin resistance, as seen in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Insulin signaling is impaired in AD brains due to insulin resistance, ultimately resulting in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). AD and T2DM are connected at molecular, clinical, and epidemiological levels making it imperative to understand the contribution of T2DM, and other metabolic disorders, to AD pathogenesis. In this review, we have discussed various modalities involved in the pathogenesis of these two diseases and explained the contributing parameters. Insulin is vital for maintaining glucose homeostasis and it plays an important role in regulating inflammation. Here, we have discussed the roles of various contributing factors like miRNA, leptin hormone, neuroinflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and gangliosides in insulin impairment both in AD and T2DM. Understanding these mechanisms will be a big step forward for making molecular therapies that may help maintain or prevent both AD and T2DM, thus reducing the burden of both these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viplav Kshirsagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Near Khalsa college, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Chetan Thingore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Near Khalsa college, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Archana Juvekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Near Khalsa college, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India.
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9
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Matsuzaki K. Aβ-ganglioside interactions in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183233. [PMID: 32142821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the abnormal self-association of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) is central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia. Accumulating evidence, both in vivo and in vitro, suggests that the binding of Aβ to gangliosides, especially monosialoganglioside GM1, plays an important role in the aggregation of Aβ. This review summarizes the molecular details of the binding of Aβ to ganglioside-containing membranes and subsequent structural changes, as revealed by liposomal and cellular studies. Furthermore, mechanisms of cytotoxicity by aggregated Aβ are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Matsuzaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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10
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Kaya I, Jennische E, Dunevall J, Lange S, Ewing AG, Malmberg P, Baykal AT, Fletcher JS. Spatial Lipidomics Reveals Region and Long Chain Base Specific Accumulations of Monosialogangliosides in Amyloid Plaques in Familial Alzheimer's Disease Mice (5xFAD) Brain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:14-24. [PMID: 31774647 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganglioside metabolism is significantly altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is a progressive neurodegenerative disease prominently characterized by one of its pathological hallmarks, amyloid deposits or "senile plaques". While the plaques mainly consist of aggregated variants of amyloid-β protein (Aβ), recent studies have revealed a number of lipid species including gangliosides in amyloid plaques along with Aβ peptides. It has been widely suggested that long chain (sphingosine) base (LCBs), C18:1-LCB and C20:1-LCB, containing gangliosides might play different roles in neuronal function in vivo. In order to elucidate region-specific aspects of amyloid-plaque associated C18:1-LCB and C20:1-LCB ganglioside accumulations, high spatial resolution (10 μm per pixel) matrix assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) of gangliosides in amyloid plaques was performed in hippocampal and adjacent cortical regions of 12 month old 5xFAD mouse coronal brain sections from two different stereotaxic coordinates (bregma points, -2.2 and -2.7 mm). MALDI-IMS uncovered brain-region (2 and 3D) and/or LCB specific accumulations of monosialogangliosides (GMs): GM1, GM2, and GM3 in the hippocampal and cortical amyloid plaques. The results reveal monosialogangliosides to be an important component of amyloid plaques and the accumulation of different gangliosides is region and LCB specific in 12 month old 5xFAD mouse brain. This is discussed in relation to amyloid-associated AD pathogenesis such as lipid related immune changes in amyloid plaques, AD specific ganglioside metabolism, and, notably, AD-associated impaired neurogenesis in the subgranular zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Kaya
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal 43180, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
- The Gothenburg Imaging Mass Spectrometry (Go:IMS) Platform, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Jennische
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Johan Dunevall
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Stefan Lange
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
- The Gothenburg Imaging Mass Spectrometry (Go:IMS) Platform, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Malmberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Ahmet Tarik Baykal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - John S. Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
- The Gothenburg Imaging Mass Spectrometry (Go:IMS) Platform, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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Gangliosides interact with synaptotagmin to form the high-affinity receptor complex for botulinum neurotoxin B. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:18098-18108. [PMID: 31431523 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908051116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin type B (BoNT/B) recognizes nerve terminals by binding to 2 receptor components: a polysialoganglioside, predominantly GT1b, and synaptotagmin 1/2. It is widely thought that BoNT/B initially binds to GT1b then diffuses in the plane of the membrane to interact with synaptotagmin. We have addressed the hypothesis that a GT1b-synaptotagmin cis complex forms the BoNT/B receptor. We identified a consensus glycosphingolipid-binding motif in the extracellular juxtamembrane domain of synaptotagmins 1/2 and confirmed by Langmuir monolayer, surface plasmon resonance, and circular dichroism that GT1b interacts with synaptotagmin peptides containing this sequence, inducing α-helical structure. Molecular modeling and tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy were consistent with the intertwining of GT1b and synaptotagmin, involving cis interactions between the oligosaccharide and ceramide moieties of GT1b and the juxtamembrane and transmembrane domains of synaptotagmin, respectively. Furthermore, a point mutation on synaptotagmin, located outside of the BoNT/B-binding segment, inhibited GT1b binding and blocked GT1b-induced potentiation of BoNT/B binding to synaptotagmin-expressing cells. Our findings are consistent with a model in which a preassembled GT1b-synaptotagmin complex constitutes the high-affinity BoNT/B receptor.
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12
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Fabiani C, Antollini SS. Alzheimer's Disease as a Membrane Disorder: Spatial Cross-Talk Among Beta-Amyloid Peptides, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Lipid Rafts. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:309. [PMID: 31379503 PMCID: PMC6657435 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes show lateral and transverse asymmetric lipid distribution. Cholesterol (Chol) localizes in both hemilayers, but in the external one it is mostly condensed in lipid-ordered microdomains (raft domains), together with saturated phosphatidyl lipids and sphingolipids (including sphingomyelin and glycosphingolipids). Membrane asymmetries induce special membrane biophysical properties and behave as signals for several physiological and/or pathological processes. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with a perturbation in different membrane properties. Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein together with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration are the most characteristic cellular changes observed in this disease. The extracellular presence of Aβ peptides forming senile plaques, together with soluble oligomeric species of Aβ, are considered the major cause of the synaptic dysfunction of AD. The association between Aβ peptide and membrane lipids has been extensively studied. It has been postulated that Chol content and Chol distribution condition Aβ production and posterior accumulation in membranes and, hence, cell dysfunction. Several lines of evidence suggest that Aβ partitions in the cell membrane accumulate mostly in raft domains, the site where the cleavage of the precursor AβPP by β- and γ- secretase is also thought to occur. The main consequence of the pathogenesis of AD is the disruption of the cholinergic pathways in the cerebral cortex and in the basal forebrain. In parallel, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor has been extensively linked to membrane properties. Since its transmembrane domain exhibits extensive contacts with the surrounding lipids, the acetylcholine receptor function is conditioned by its lipid microenvironment. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is present in high-density clusters in the cell membrane where it localizes mainly in lipid-ordered domains. Perturbations of sphingomyelin or cholesterol composition alter acetylcholine receptor location. Therefore, Aβ processing, Aβ partitioning, and acetylcholine receptor location and function can be manipulated by changes in membrane lipid biophysics. Understanding these mechanisms should provide insights into new therapeutic strategies for prevention and/or treatment of AD. Here, we discuss the implications of lipid-protein interactions at the cell membrane level in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fabiani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca CONICET-UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Silvia S Antollini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca CONICET-UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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13
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Lei L, Geng R, Xu Z, Dang Y, Hu X, Li L, Geng P, Tian Y, Zhang W. Glycopeptide Nanofiber Platform for Aβ-Sialic Acid Interaction Analysis and Highly Sensitive Detection of Aβ. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8129-8136. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Lei
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Rui Geng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhiai Xu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yijing Dang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xianli Hu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lingling Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ping Geng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yang Tian
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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14
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Wang S, Colonna M. Microglia in Alzheimer's disease: A target for immunotherapy. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:219-227. [PMID: 30725482 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr0818-319r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident Mϕs of the CNS that play pleiotropic functions in brain development and homeostasis. Impaired microglial functions are thought to be involved in the onset and progression of various neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, understanding microglia in these settings may indicate new approaches for therapeutic intervention. Here, we review recent evidence implicating microglia in Alzheimer's disease and discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting microglia and their receptors in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoutang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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15
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Dehelean L, Sarbu M, Petrut A, Zamfir AD. Trends in Glycolipid Biomarker Discovery in Neurodegenerative Disorders by Mass Spectrometry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:703-729. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Michno W, Wehrli PM, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Hanrieder J. GM1 locates to mature amyloid structures implicating a prominent role for glycolipid-protein interactions in Alzheimer pathology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2018; 1867:458-467. [PMID: 30273679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
While the molecular mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain largely unknown, abnormal accumulation and deposition of beta amyloid (Aβ) peptides into plaques has been proposed as a critical pathological process driving disease progression. Over the last years, neuronal lipid species have been implicated in biological mechanisms underlying amyloid plaque pathology. While these processes comprise genetic features along with lipid signaling as well as direct chemical interaction of lipid species with Aβ mono- and oligomers, more efforts are needed to spatially delineate the exact lipid-Aβ plaque interactions in the brain. Chemical imaging using mass spectrometry (MS) allows to probe the spatial distribution of lipids and peptides in complex biological tissues comprehensively and at high molecular specificity. As different imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) modalities provide comprehensive molecular and spatial information, we here describe a multimodal ToF-SIMS- and MALDI-based IMS strategy for probing lipid and Aβ peptide changes in a transgenic mouse model of AD (tgAPPArcSwe). Both techniques identified a general AD-associated depletion of cortical sulfatides, while multimodal MALDI IMS revealed plaque specific lipid as well as Aβ peptide isoforms. In addition, MALDI IMS analysis revealed chemical features associated with morphological heterogeneity of individual Aβ deposits. Here, an altered GM1 to GM2/GM3 ganglioside metabolism was observed in the diffuse periphery of plaques but not in the core region. This was accompanied by an enrichment of Aβ1-40arc peptide at the core of these deposits. Finally, a localization of arachidonic acid (AA) conjugated phosphatidylinositols (PI) and their corresponding degradation product, lyso-phosphatidylinositols (LPI) to the periphery of Aβ plaques was observed, indicating site specific macrophage activation and ganglioside processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Michno
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Patrick M Wehrli
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jörg Hanrieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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17
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Ng J, Kamm RD, Wohland T, Kraut RS. Evidence from ITIR-FCS Diffusion Studies that the Amyloid-Beta (Aβ) Peptide Does Not Perturb Plasma Membrane Fluidity in Neuronal Cells. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3439-3453. [PMID: 29746852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide, commonly found in elevated levels in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in the cerebrospinal fluid of individuals presenting mild cognitive impairment, is thought to be one of the major factors resulting in the onset of AD. Although observed and studied at the molecular level for several decades, the exact disease pathology of AD is still not totally clear. One way in which Aβ is thought to affect neurons is by influencing cell membrane fluidity, which could result in abnormal synaptic or signaling function. The effects of Aβ on the fluidity of biological membranes have been studied using numerous membrane models such as artificial lipid bilayers and vesicles, living cells and membranes extracted from animal models of AD, yet there is still no consensus as to what effects Aβ has, if any, on membrane fluidity. As one of the most precise and accurate means of assaying membrane dynamics, we have thus chosen fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to investigate the issue, using fluorescent membrane-targeted probes on living cells treated with Aβ(1-42) oligomers and observing possible changes in membrane diffusion. Effects of Aβ on viability in different cell types varied from no detectable effect to extensive cell death by 72 h post-exposure. However, there was no change in the fluidity of either ordered membrane domains or the bulk membrane in any of these cells within this period. Our conclusion from these results is that perturbation of membrane fluidity is not likely to be a factor in acute Aβ-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, S637551, Singapore; Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, BioSyM IRG, 1 Create Way, S138602, Singapore
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, BioSyM IRG, 1 Create Way, S138602, Singapore
| | - Thorsten Wohland
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, BioSyM IRG, 1 Create Way, S138602, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, S117543, Singapore
| | - Rachel S Kraut
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, S637551, Singapore; Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, BioSyM IRG, 1 Create Way, S138602, Singapore.
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18
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Matsuzaki K, Kato K, Yanagisawa K. Ganglioside-Mediated Assembly of Amyloid β-Protein: Roles in Alzheimer's Disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 156:413-434. [PMID: 29747822 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Assembly and deposition of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) is an early and invariable pathological event of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting the neurons in the brain of aging population. Thus, clarification of the molecular mechanism underlying Aβ assembly is crucial not only for understanding the pathogenesis of AD, but also for developing disease-modifying remedies. In 1995, ganglioside-bound Aβ (GAβ), with unique molecular characteristics, including its altered immunoreactivity and its conspicuous ability to accelerate Aβ assembly, was discovered in an autopsied brain showing early pathological changes of AD. Based on these findings, it was hypothesized that GAβ is an endogenous seed for amyloid fibril formation in the AD brain. A body of evidence that supports the GAβ hypothesis has been growing for over 20years as follows. First, the conformational changes of Aβ from a random coil to an α-helix, and then to a β-sheet in the presence of ganglioside were validated by several techniques. Second, the seed activity of GAβ to accelerate the assembly of soluble Aβ into amyloid fibrils was confirmed by various in vitro and in vivo experiments. Third, it was found that the Aβ binding to ganglioside to form GAβ occurs under limited conditions, which were provided by the lipid environment surrounding ganglioside. Fourth, the region-specific Aβ deposition in the brain appeared to be dependent on the presence of the lipid environment that was in favor of GAβ generation. In this chapter, further progress of the study of ganglioside-mediated Aβ assembly, especially from the aspects of physicochemistry, structural biology, and neuropathology, is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koichi Kato
- Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan; Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience and Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yanagisawa
- Center for Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.
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19
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Role of membrane GM1 on early neuronal membrane actions of Aβ during onset of Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:3105-3116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Vieira MNN, Lima-Filho RAS, De Felice FG. Connecting Alzheimer's disease to diabetes: Underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Neuropharmacology 2017; 136:160-171. [PMID: 29129775 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and vice versa, and a growing body of evidence indicates that these diseases are connected both at epidemiological, clinical and molecular levels. Recent studies have begun to reveal common pathogenic mechanisms shared by AD and type 2 diabetes. Impaired neuronal insulin signaling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are present in animal models of AD, similar to observations in peripheral tissue in T2D. These findings shed light into novel diabetes-related mechanisms leading to brain dysfunction in AD. Here, we review the literature on selected mechanisms shared between these diseases and discuss how the identification of such mechanisms may lead to novel therapeutic targets in AD. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Metabolic Impairment as Risk Factors for Neurodegenerative Disorders.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo N N Vieira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil; Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo A S Lima-Filho
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil; Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
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21
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Das PK, Dean DN, Fogel AL, Liu F, Abel BA, McCormick CL, Kharlampieva E, Rangachari V, Morgan SE. Aqueous RAFT Synthesis of Glycopolymers for Determination of Saccharide Structure and Concentration Effects on Amyloid β Aggregation. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:3359-3366. [PMID: 28893064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
GM1 ganglioside is known to promote amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide aggregation in Alzheimer's disease. The roles of the individual saccharides and their distribution in this process are not understood. Acrylamide-based glycomonomers with either β-d-glucose or β-d-galactose pendant groups were synthesized to mimic the stereochemistry of saccharides present in GM1 and characterized via 1H NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Glycopolymers of different molecular weights were synthesized by aqueous reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (aRAFT) polymerization and characterized by NMR and GPC. The polymers were used as models to investigate the effects of molecular weight and saccharide unit type on Aβ aggregation via thioflavin-T fluorescence and PAGE. High molecular weight (∼350 DP) glucose-containing glycopolymers had a profound effect on Aβ aggregation, promoting formation of soluble oligomers of Aβ and limiting fibril production, while the other glycopolymers and negative control had little effect on the Aβ propagation process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | | | | | - Eugenia Kharlampieva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
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22
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Kaya I, Brinet D, Michno W, Syvänen S, Sehlin D, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Hanrieder J. Delineating Amyloid Plaque Associated Neuronal Sphingolipids in Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mice (tgArcSwe) Using MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:347-355. [PMID: 27984697 PMCID: PMC5314428 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
![]()
The major pathological
hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease
(AD) are the progressive aggregation and accumulation of beta-amyloid
(Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein into neurotoxic deposits.
Aβ aggregation has been suggested as the critical early inducer,
driving the disease progression. However, the factors that promote
neurotoxic Aβ aggregation remain elusive. Imaging mass spectrometry
(IMS) is a powerful technique to comprehensively elucidate the spatial
distribution patterns of lipids, peptides, and proteins in biological
tissue sections. In the present study, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
(MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS)-based imaging was used on transgenic
Alzheimer’s disease mouse (tgArcSwe) brain tissue to investigate
the sphingolipid microenvironment of individual Aβ plaques and
elucidate plaque-associated sphingolipid alterations. Multivariate
data analysis was used to interrogate the IMS data for identifying
pathologically relevant, anatomical features based on their lipid
chemical profile. This approach revealed sphingolipid species that
distinctly located to cortical and hippocampal deposits, whose Aβ
identity was further verified using fluorescent amyloid staining and
immunohistochemistry. Subsequent multivariate statistical analysis
of the spectral data revealed significant localization of gangliosides
and ceramides species to Aβ positive plaques, which was accompanied
by distinct local reduction of sulfatides. These plaque-associated
changes in sphingolipid levels implicate a functional role of sphingolipid
metabolism in Aβ plaque pathology and AD pathogenesis. Taken
together, the presented data highlight the potential of imaging mass
spectrometry as a powerful approach for probing Aβ plaque-associated
lipid changes underlying AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Kaya
- Department
of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Dimitri Brinet
- Department
of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wojciech Michno
- Department
of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Stina Syvänen
- Department
of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dag Sehlin
- Department
of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department
of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical
Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department
of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department
of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical
Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jörg Hanrieder
- Department
of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department
of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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23
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Thomaier M, Gremer L, Dammers C, Fabig J, Neudecker P, Willbold D. High-Affinity Binding of Monomeric but Not Oligomeric Amyloid-β to Ganglioside GM1 Containing Nanodiscs. Biochemistry 2016; 55:6662-6672. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maren Thomaier
- Institute
of Complex Systems (ICS-6), Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Institut
für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lothar Gremer
- Institute
of Complex Systems (ICS-6), Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Institut
für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Dammers
- Institute
of Complex Systems (ICS-6), Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Judith Fabig
- Institute
of Complex Systems (ICS-6), Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Philipp Neudecker
- Institute
of Complex Systems (ICS-6), Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Institut
für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute
of Complex Systems (ICS-6), Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Institut
für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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24
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Yanagisawa K. GM1 Ganglioside and the Seeding of Amyloid in Alzheimer’s Disease: Endogenous Seed for Alzheimer Amyloid. Neuroscientist 2016; 11:250-60. [PMID: 15911874 DOI: 10.1177/1073858405275177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental question about the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is how monomeric, nontoxic amyloid β-protein (Aβ) is converted to its toxic aggregates in the brain. The author previously identified a unique Aβ species in the AD brain, which is characterized by its binding to GM1 ganglioside (GM1). On the basis of the molecular characteristics of GM1-bound Aβ (GAβ), the author hypothesized that GM1 plays a critical role in the process. The author recently examined this possibility using a novel monoclonal antibody raised against purified GAβ and validated that GAβ is endogenously generated in the brain and accelerates Aβ assembly by acting as a seed. Furthermore, the author provided a possibility that aging and the expression of apolipoprotein E4 facilitate Aβ assembly in the brain through an increase in the GM1 content in the neuronal membranes, which likely induces GAβ generation. The author’s results imply a mechanism underlying the onset of AD and also provide a new insight into development of novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Yanagisawa
- Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.
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25
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Nicastro MC, Spigolon D, Librizzi F, Moran O, Ortore MG, Bulone D, Biagio PLS, Carrotta R. Amyloid β-peptide insertion in liposomes containing GM1-cholesterol domains. Biophys Chem 2016; 208:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Aβ1-25-Derived Sphingolipid-Domain Tracer Peptide SBD Interacts with Membrane Ganglioside Clusters via a Coil-Helix-Coil Motif. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26318-32. [PMID: 26540054 PMCID: PMC4661814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Amyloid-β (Aβ)-derived, sphingolipid binding domain (SBD) peptide is a fluorescently tagged probe used to trace the diffusion behavior of sphingolipid-containing microdomains in cell membranes through binding to a constellation of glycosphingolipids, sphingomyelin, and cholesterol. However, the molecular details of the binding mechanism between SBD and plasma membrane domains remain unclear. Here, to investigate how the peptide recognizes the lipid surface at an atomically detailed level, SBD peptides in the environment of raft-like bilayers were examined in micro-seconds-long molecular dynamics simulations. We found that SBD adopted a coil-helix-coil structural motif, which binds to multiple GT1b gangliosides via salt bridges and CH–π interactions. Our simulation results demonstrate that the CH–π and electrostatic forces between SBD monomers and GT1b gangliosides clusters are the main driving forces in the binding process. The presence of the fluorescent dye and linker molecules do not change the binding mechanism of SBD probes with gangliosides, which involves the helix-turn-helix structural motif that was suggested to constitute a glycolipid binding domain common to some sphingolipid interacting proteins, including HIV gp120, prion, and Aβ.
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Yanagisawa K. GM1 ganglioside and Alzheimer’s disease. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:87-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hatzifilippou E, Koutsouraki E, Costa VG, Baloyannis SJ. Antibodies against gangliosides in patients with dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2014; 29:660-6. [PMID: 24838532 PMCID: PMC10852599 DOI: 10.1177/1533317514534953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that gangliosides act as important mediators in both de- and remyelination. The scope of the present research was to investigate the presence of immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibodies against GM1, GD1b, and GQ1b gangliosides in the sera of patients with dementia and the possible connection with clinical parameters of the disease. METHOD This research topic demonstrates the investigation of 103 patients with dementia and 60 healthy individuals using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of 3 antiganglioside antibodies in their sera. RESULTS The authors report a positive connection between IgM anti-GM1 and the age (P = .005) and the severity of dementia (P = .005). Most of the patients who revealed increased IgM anti-GD1b levels had Alzheimer's disease (AD; P = .002). CONCLUSION This study indicates that elevated IgM anti-GM1 may be connected with the neurodegeneration in older patients with severe dementia and that AD may also be associated with increased IgM anti-GD1b levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hatzifilippou
- First Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Aristotle University, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Koutsouraki
- First Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Aristotle University, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V G Costa
- First Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, Aristotle University, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S J Baloyannis
- First Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Aristotle University, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece First Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, Aristotle University, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Kotler SA, Walsh P, Brender JR, Ramamoorthy A. Differences between amyloid-β aggregation in solution and on the membrane: insights into elucidation of the mechanistic details of Alzheimer's disease. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:6692-700. [PMID: 24464312 PMCID: PMC4110197 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60431d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The association of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide with cellular membranes is hypothesized to be the underlying phenomenon of neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease. Misfolding of proteins and peptides, as is the case with Aβ, follows a progression from a monomeric state, through intermediates, ending at long, unbranched amyloid fibers. This tutorial review offers a perspective on the association of toxic Aβ structures with membranes as well as details of membrane-associated mechanisms of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Kotler
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA.
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Žganec M, Žerovnik E. Amyloid fibrils compared to peptide nanotubes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2944-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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31
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Molecular dynamics study of GM1 ganglioside complex with amyloid β peptide (Aβ42) in lipid membrane. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2014.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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32
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Bucciantini M, Rigacci S, Stefani M. Amyloid Aggregation: Role of Biological Membranes and the Aggregate-Membrane System. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:517-27. [PMID: 26276603 DOI: 10.1021/jz4024354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Several human degenerative diseases involve amyloidogenic peptides/proteins with high conformational plasticity and propensity to self-aggregate into polymeric fibrillar assemblies sharing the cross-β structure and endowed with cytotoxic potential. Although the mechanisms of amyloid growth and toxicity are not fully understood, a common property of amyloids is their ability to interact with lipid bilayers disturbing membrane integrity. Lipid bilayers can also act as conformational catalysts, favoring protein misfolding and inducing the growth of aggregation nuclei, early oligomers, and mature fibrils with specific biophysical, structural, and toxicity features. This Perspective will highlight these effects in the context of a membrane-oligomer system where the conformational/biophysical features of either component affect those of the other. In this context, we will highlight the modulation of the protein-cell surface interaction by the content of membrane cholesterol and gangliosides, notably GM1. In particular, we will discuss data that indicate how these interactions affect the structural and stability properties of both protein and bilayers as well as the final cytotoxic effect. Our goal is to propose shared membrane-based mechanisms that could apply to any amyloidogenic peptide/protein, providing a biochemical background for amyloid growth and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Bucciantini
- †Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences and Research Centre on the Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration, University of Florence, V.le Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Stefania Rigacci
- †Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences and Research Centre on the Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration, University of Florence, V.le Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Stefani
- †Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences and Research Centre on the Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration, University of Florence, V.le Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
- ‡National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
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Assi E, Cazzato D, De Palma C, Perrotta C, Clementi E, Cervia D. Sphingolipids and brain resident macrophages in neuroinflammation: an emerging aspect of nervous system pathology. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:309302. [PMID: 24078816 PMCID: PMC3775448 DOI: 10.1155/2013/309302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipid metabolism is deeply regulated along the differentiation and development of the central nervous system (CNS), and the expression of a peculiar spatially and temporarily regulated sphingolipid pattern is essential for the maintenance of the functional integrity of the nervous system. Microglia are resident macrophages of the CNS involved in general maintenance of neural environment. Modulations in microglia phenotypes may contribute to pathogenic forms of inflammation. Since defects in macrophage/microglia activity contribute to neurodegenerative diseases, it will be essential to systematically identify the components of the microglial cell response that contribute to disease progression. In such complex processes, the sphingolipid systems have recently emerged to play important roles, thus appearing as a key new player in CNS disorders. This review provides a rationale for harnessing the sphingolipid metabolic pathway as a potential target against neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Assi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, “Luigi Sacco” University Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Denise Cazzato
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, “Luigi Sacco” University Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Clara De Palma
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, “Luigi Sacco” University Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, “Luigi Sacco” University Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, “Luigi Sacco” University Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
- E. Medea Scientific Institute, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Davide Cervia
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, “Luigi Sacco” University Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Cecchi C, Stefani M. The amyloid-cell membrane system. The interplay between the biophysical features of oligomers/fibrils and cell membrane defines amyloid toxicity. Biophys Chem 2013; 182:30-43. [PMID: 23820236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid cytotoxicity, structure and polymorphisms are themes of increasing importance. Present knowledge considers any peptide/protein able to undergo misfolding and aggregation generating intrinsically cytotoxic amyloids. It also describes growth and structure of amyloid fibrils and their possible disassembly, whereas reduced information is available on oligomer structure. Recent research has highlighted the importance of the environmental conditions as determinants of the amyloid polymorphisms and cytotoxicity. Another body of evidence describes chemical or biological surfaces as key sites of protein misfolding and aggregation or of interaction with amyloids and the resulting biochemical modifications inducing cell functional/viability impairment. In particular, the membrane lipid composition appears to modulate cell response to toxic amyloids, thus contributing to explain the variable vulnerability to the same amyloids of different cell types. Finally, a recent view describes amyloid toxicity as an emerging property dependent on a complex interplay between the biophysical features of early aggregates and the interacting cell membranes taken as a whole system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cecchi
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences and Research Centre on the Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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35
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Hoshino T, Mahmood MI, Mori K, Matsuzaki K. Binding and Aggregation Mechanism of Amyloid β-Peptides onto the GM1 Ganglioside-Containing Lipid Membrane. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:8085-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4029062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyuji Hoshino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1,
Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Md. Iqbal Mahmood
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1,
Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kenichi Mori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1,
Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Katsumi Matsuzaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto
606-8501, Japan
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36
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Lauterbach T, Manna M, Ruhnow M, Wisantoso Y, Wang Y, Matysik A, Oglęcka K, Mu Y, Geifman-Shochat S, Wohland T, Kraut R. Weak glycolipid binding of a microdomain-tracer peptide correlates with aggregation and slow diffusion on cell membranes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51222. [PMID: 23251459 PMCID: PMC3520979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organized assembly or aggregation of sphingolipid-binding ligands, such as certain toxins and pathogens, has been suggested to increase binding affinity of the ligand to the cell membrane and cause membrane reorganization or distortion. Here we show that the diffusion behavior of the fluorescently tagged sphingolipid-interacting peptide probe SBD (Sphingolipid Binding Domain) is altered by modifications in the construction of the peptide sequence that both result in a reduction in binding to ganglioside-containing supported lipid membranes, and at the same time increase aggregation on the cell plasma membrane, but that do not change relative amounts of secondary structural features. We tested the effects of modifying the overall charge and construction of the SBD probe on its binding and diffusion behavior, by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR; Biacore) analysis on lipid surfaces, and by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) on live cells, respectively. SBD binds preferentially to membranes containing the highly sialylated gangliosides GT1b and GD1a. However, simple charge interactions of the peptide with the negative ganglioside do not appear to be a critical determinant of binding. Rather, an aggregation-suppressing amino acid composition and linker between the fluorophore and the peptide are required for optimum binding of the SBD to ganglioside-containing supported lipid bilayer surfaces, as well as for interaction with the membrane. Interestingly, the strength of interactions with ganglioside-containing artificial membranes is mirrored in the diffusion behavior by FCS on cell membranes, with stronger binders displaying similar characteristic diffusion profiles. Our findings indicate that for aggregation-prone peptides, aggregation occurs upon contact with the cell membrane, and rather than giving a stronger interaction with the membrane, aggregation is accompanied by weaker binding and complex diffusion profiles indicative of heterogeneous diffusion behavior in the probe population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Lauterbach
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Institut für Lebensmittel- und Bioverfahrenstechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manoj Manna
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Maria Ruhnow
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Institut für Lebensmittel- und Bioverfahrenstechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yudi Wisantoso
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yaofeng Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Artur Matysik
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Kamila Oglęcka
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yuguang Mu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Thorsten Wohland
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachel Kraut
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Structural features and cytotoxicity of amyloid oligomers: Implications in Alzheimer's disease and other diseases with amyloid deposits. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 99:226-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Pernber Z, Blennow K, Bogdanovic N, Månsson JE, Blomqvist M. Altered distribution of the gangliosides GM1 and GM2 in Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2012; 33:174-88. [PMID: 22572791 DOI: 10.1159/000338181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder where β-amyloid tends to aggregate and form plaques. Lipid raft-associated ganglioside GM1 has been suggested to facilitate β-amyloid aggregation; furthermore, GM1 and GM2 are increased in lipid rafts isolated from cerebral cortex of AD cases. AIM/METHOD The distribution of GM1 and GM2 was studied by immunohistochemistry in the frontal and temporal cortex of AD cases. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) was included as a contrast group. RESULTS The distribution of GM1 and GM2 changes during the process of AD (n = 5) and FTD (n = 3) compared to controls (n = 5). Altered location of the GM1-positive small circular structures seems to be associated with myelin degradation. In the grey matter, the staining of GM1-positive plasma membranes might reflect neuronal loss in the AD/FTD tissue. The GM1-positive compact bundles were only visible in cells located in the AD frontal grey matter, possibly reflecting raft formation of GM1 and thus a pathological connection. Furthermore, our results suggest GM2 to be enriched within vesicles of pyramidal neurons of the AD/FTD brain. CONCLUSION Our study supports the biochemical finding of ganglioside accumulation in cellular membranes of AD patients and shows a redistribution of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Pernber
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Molndal, Sweden
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Maulik M, Westaway D, Jhamandas JH, Kar S. Role of cholesterol in APP metabolism and its significance in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 47:37-63. [PMID: 22983915 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder believed to be initiated by accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ)-related peptides derived from proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Research over the past two decades provided a mechanistic link between cholesterol and AD pathogenesis. Genetic polymorphisms in genes regulating the pivotal points in cholesterol metabolism have been suggested to enhance the risk of developing AD. Altered neuronal membrane cholesterol level and/or subcellular distribution have been implicated in aberrant formation, aggregation, toxicity, and degradation of Aβ-related peptides. However, the results are somewhat contradictory and we still do not have a complete understanding on how cholesterol can influence AD pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize our current understanding on the role of cholesterol in regulating the production/function of Aβ-related peptides and also examine the therapeutic potential of regulating cholesterol homeostasis in the treatment of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maulik
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2M8
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40
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Hamley IW. The Amyloid Beta Peptide: A Chemist’s Perspective. Role in Alzheimer’s and Fibrillization. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5147-92. [DOI: 10.1021/cr3000994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 670] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. W. Hamley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD,
U.K
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41
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Evangelisti E, Cecchi C, Cascella R, Sgromo C, Becatti M, Dobson CM, Chiti F, Stefani M. Membrane lipid composition and its physicochemical properties define cell vulnerability to aberrant protein oligomers. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:2416-27. [PMID: 22344258 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.098434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the interaction of misfolded protein oligomers with cell membranes is a primary event resulting in the cytotoxicity associated with many protein-misfolding diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. We describe here the results of a study on the relative contributions to toxicity of the physicochemical properties of protein oligomers and the cell membrane with which they interact. We altered the amount of cholesterol and the ganglioside GM1 in membranes of SH-SY5Y cells. We then exposed the cells to two types of oligomers of the prokaryotic protein HypF-N with different ultrastructural and cytotoxicity properties, and to oligomers formed by the amyloid-β peptide associated with Alzheimer's disease. We identified that the degree of toxicity of the oligomeric species is the result of a complex interplay between the structural and physicochemical features of both the oligomers and the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Evangelisti
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Research Centre on the Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration (CIMN), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Dhavale D, Henry JE. Evaluation of sialic acid-analogs for the attenuation of amyloid-beta toxicity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1475-80. [PMID: 22565051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) is the main constituent of senile plaques and is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To that end, agents which either sequester Aβ or interfere with Aβ interaction/binding to cells have been investigated as a means to reduce the pathological effects of Aβ. METHODS Different structural analogs of sialic acid (N-acetylneuramic acid) were used to decorate a chitosan backbone using EDC chemistry. FTIR and colorimetric assays were used to characterize the complexes. The ability of these complexes to attenuate Aβ toxicity was investigated in vitro using a model neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. RESULTS Oxygen substitution in ring structure is responsible for the increase in toxicity and increase in protective properties of the complexes. Also, the multi OH tail present in sialic acid is critical to attenuate toxicity. Analogs show no protective properties which reinforces the conclusion that clustering of sugars in cellular membranes play a significant role in Aβ binding. CONCLUSIONS Successfully produced compounds that showed varying degree of efficacy in attenuating Aβ toxicity to cells in culture. This work elucidates the impact that certain structures of sialic acid and its analogs can have on Aβ binding. It will allow for more specific and detailed improvements in the therapeutic polysaccharide structures that can be developed and modified to overcome other shortcomings of AD therapeutic development, particularly of penetrating the blood-brain barrier. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Oxygen atom plays crucial role on therapeutic effectiveness. This work can help as a general guideline for further therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruva Dhavale
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, 110, Chemical Engineering, South Stadium Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Mori K, Mahmood MI, Neya S, Matsuzaki K, Hoshino T. Formation of GM1 ganglioside clusters on the lipid membrane containing sphingomyeline and cholesterol. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:5111-21. [PMID: 22494278 DOI: 10.1021/jp207881k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
GM1 gangliosides form a microdomain with sphingomyeline (SM) and cholesterol (Chol) and are deeply involved in the aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides on neural membranes. We performed molecular dynamics simulations on two kinds of lipid bilayers containing GM1 ganglioside: GM1/SM/Chol and GM1/POPC. Both 10 and 100 ns simulations and another set of 10 ns simulations with different initial lipid arrangement essentially showed the same computational results. GM1 molecules in the GM1/SM/Chol membrane were condensed, whereas those in GM1/POPC membrane scattered. That is, the formation of GM1 cluster was observed only on the GM1/SM/Chol mixed membrane. There appeared numerous hydrogen bonds among glycan portions of the GM1 clusters due to the condensation. A comparison in distribution of lipid molecules between the two kinds of membranes suggested that cholesterol had important roles to prevent the membrane from interdigitation and to stabilize other lipids for interacting with each other. This property of cholesterol promotes the formation of GM1 clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Mori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
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44
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Axelsen PH, Komatsu H, Murray IVJ. Oxidative stress and cell membranes in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Physiology (Bethesda) 2011; 26:54-69. [PMID: 21357903 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00024.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β proteins and oxidative stress are believed to have central roles in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Lipid membranes are among the most vulnerable cellular components to oxidative stress, and membranes in susceptible regions of the brain are compositionally distinct from those in other tissues. This review considers the evidence that membranes are either a source of neurotoxic lipid oxidation products or the target of pathogenic processes involving amyloid β proteins that cause permeability changes or ion channel formation. Progress toward a comprehensive theory of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis is discussed in which lipid membranes assume both roles and promote the conversion of monomeric amyloid β proteins into fibrils, the pathognomonic histopathological lesion of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Axelsen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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45
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Padayachee E, Ngqwala N, Whiteley CG. Association of β-amyloid peptide fragments with neuronal nitric oxide synthase: Implications in the etiology of Alzheimers disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 27:356-64. [PMID: 21699461 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.590805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) was purified on DEAE-Sepharose anion-exchange in a 38% yield, with 3-fold recovery and specific activity of 5 µmol.min(-1).mg(-1). The enzyme was a heterogeneous dimer of molecular mass 225 kDa having a temperature and pH optima of 40°C and 6.5, K(m) and V(max) of 2.6 μM and 996 nmol.min(-1).ml(-1), respectively and was relatively stable at the optimum conditions (t(½) = 3 h). β-Amyloid peptide fragments Aβ(17-28) was the better inhibitor for nNOS (K(i) = 0.81 µM). After extended incubation of nNOS (96 h) with each of the peptide fragments, Congo Red, turbidity and thioflavin-T assays detected the presence of soluble and insoluble fibrils that had formed at a rate of 5 nM.min(-1). A hydrophobic fragment Aβ(17-21) [Leu(17) - Val(18) - Phe(19) - Phe(20) - Ala(21)] and glycine zipper motifs within the peptide fragment Aβ(17-35) were critical in binding and in fibrillogenesis confirming that nNOS was amyloidogenic catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Padayachee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
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Kreutz F, Frozza RL, Breier AC, de Oliveira VA, Horn AP, Pettenuzzo LF, Netto CA, Salbego CG, Trindade VMT. Amyloid-β induced toxicity involves ganglioside expression and is sensitive to GM1 neuroprotective action. Neurochem Int 2011; 59:648-55. [PMID: 21723896 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Aβ25-35 peptide, in its fibrillar and non-fibrillar forms, on ganglioside expression in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures was investigated. Gangliosides were endogenously labeled with D-[1-C(14)] galactose and results showed that Aβ25-35 affected ganglioside expression, depending on the peptide aggregation state, that is, fibrillar Aβ25-35 caused an increase in GM3 labeling and a reduction in GD1b labeling, whereas the non-fibrillar form was able to enhance GM1 expression. Interestingly, GM1 exhibited a neuroprotective effect in this organotypic model, since pre-treatment of the hippocampal slices with GM1 10 μM was able to prevent the toxicity triggered by the fibrillar Aβ25-35, when measured by propidium iodide uptake protocol. With the purpose of further investigating a possible mechanism of action, we analyzed the effect of GM1 treatment (1, 6, 12 and 24h) upon the Aβ-induced alterations on GSK3β dephosphorylation/activation state. Results demonstrated an important effect after 24-h incubation, with GM1 preventing the Aβ-induced dephosphorylation (activation) of GSK3β, a signaling pathway involved in apoptosis triggering and neuronal death in models of Alzheimer's disease. Taken together, present results provide a new and important support for ganglioside participation in development of Alzheimer's disease experimental models and suggest a protective role for GM1 in Aβ-induced toxicity. This may be useful for designing new therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Kreutz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Brazil
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Thakur G, Pao C, Micic M, Johnson S, Leblanc RM. Surface chemistry of lipid raft and amyloid Aβ (1-40) Langmuir monolayer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 87:369-77. [PMID: 21708455 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts being rich in cholesterol and sphingolipids are considered to provide ordered lipid environment in the neuronal membranes, where it is hypothesized that the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to Aβ (1-40) and Aβ (1-42) takes place. It is highly likely that the interaction of lipid raft components like cholesterol, sphingomylein or GM1 leads to nucleation of Aβ and results in aggregation or accumulation of amyloid plaques. One has investigated surface pressure-area isotherms of the lipid raft and Aβ (1-40) Langmuir monolayer. The compression-decompression cycles and the stability of the lipid raft Langmuir monolayer are crucial parameters for the investigation of interaction of Aβ (1-40) with the lipid raft Langmuir monolayer. It was revealed that GM1 provides instability to the lipid raft Langmuir monolayer. Adsorption of Aβ (1-40) onto the lipid raft Langmuir monolayer containing neutral (POPC) or negatively charged phospholipid (DPPG) was examined. The adsorption isotherms revealed that the concentration of cholesterol was important for adsorption of Aβ (1-40) onto the lipid raft Langmuir monolayer containing POPC whereas for the lipid raft Langmuir monolayer containing DPPG:cholesterol or GM1 did not play any role. In situ UV-vis absorption spectroscopy supported the interpretation of results for the adsorption isotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
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Matsuzaki K. Formation of Toxic Amyloid Fibrils by Amyloid β-Protein on Ganglioside Clusters. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:956104. [PMID: 21318142 PMCID: PMC3034960 DOI: 10.4061/2011/956104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the conversion of the soluble, nontoxic amyloid β-protein (Aβ) monomer to aggregated toxic Aβ rich in β-sheet structures is central to the development of Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanism of the abnormal aggregation of Aβ in vivo is not well understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that lipid rafts (microdomains) in membranes mainly composed of sphingolipids (gangliosides and sphingomyelin) and cholesterol play a pivotal role in this process. This paper summarizes the molecular mechanisms by which Aβ aggregates on membranes containing ganglioside clusters, forming amyloid fibrils. Notably, the toxicity and physicochemical properties of the fibrils are different from those of Aβ amyloids formed in solution. Furthermore, differences between Aβ-(1–40) and Aβ-(1–42) in membrane interaction and amyloidogenesis are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Matsuzaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Ariga T, Wakade C, Yu RK. The pathological roles of ganglioside metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: effects of gangliosides on neurogenesis. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:193618. [PMID: 21274438 PMCID: PMC3025365 DOI: 10.4061/2011/193618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conversion of the soluble, nontoxic amyloid β-protein (Aβ) into an aggregated, toxic form rich in β-sheets is a key step in the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been suggested that Aβ induces changes in neuronal membrane fluidity as a result of its interactions with membrane components such as cholesterol, phospholipids, and gangliosides. Gangliosides are known to bind Aβ. A complex of GM1 and Aβ, termed “GAβ”, has been identified in AD brains. Abnormal ganglioside metabolism also may occur in AD brains. We have reported an increase of Chol-1α antigens, GQ1bα and GT1aα, in the brain of transgenic mouse AD model. GQ1bα and GT1aα exhibit high affinities to Aβs. The presence of Chol-1α gangliosides represents evidence for genesis of cholinergic neurons in AD brains. We evaluated the effects of GM1 and Aβ1–40 on mouse neuroepithelial cells. Treatment of these cells simultaneously with GM1 and Aβ1–40 caused a significant reduction of cell number, suggesting that Aβ1–40 and GM1 cooperatively exert a cytotoxic effect on neuroepithelial cells. An understanding of the mechanism on the interaction of GM1 and Aβs in AD may contribute to the development of new neuroregenerative therapies for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Ariga
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics and Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College of Georgia, 15th street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Spain SG, Cameron NR. A spoonful of sugar: the application of glycopolymers in therapeutics. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00149j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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