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Ma S, Sun R, Wang Y, Wei Y, Xu H, Liu X, Liang Z, Zhao L, Hu Y, Lian X, Guo M, Huang D. Improving osseointegration and antimicrobial properties of titanium implants with black phosphorus nanosheets-hydroxyapatite composite coatings for vascularized bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35403. [PMID: 38520706 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
For decades, titanium implants have shown impressive advantages in bone repair. However, the preparation of implants with excellent antimicrobial properties as well as better osseointegration ability remains difficult for clinical application. In this study, black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) were doped into hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings using electrophoretic deposition. The coatings' surface morphology, roughness, water contact angle, photothermal properties, and antibacterial properties were investigated. The BP/HA coating exhibited a surface roughness of 59.1 nm, providing an ideal substrate for cell attachment and growth. The water contact angle on the BP/HA coating was measured to be approximately 8.55°, indicating its hydrophilic nature. The BPNSs demonstrated efficient photothermal conversion, with a temperature increase of 42.2°C under laser irradiation. The BP/HA composite coating exhibited a significant reduction in bacterial growth, with inhibition rates of 95.6% and 96.1% against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In addition, the cytocompatibility of the composite coating was evaluated by cell adhesion, CCK8 and AM/PI staining; the effect of the composite coating in promoting angiogenesis was assessed by scratch assay, transwell assay, and protein blotting; and the osteoinductivity of the composite coating was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase assay, alizarin red staining, and Western blot. The results showed that the BP/HA composite coating exhibited superior performance in promoting biological functions such as cell proliferation and adhesion, antibacterial activity, osteogenic differentiation, and angiogenesis, and had potential applications in vascularized bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruize Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haofeng Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanyu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinchun Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Lian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiqing Guo
- Department of Fundamental Mechanics, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
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RUNX3 Meets the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050717. [PMID: 36899853 PMCID: PMC10001085 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
RUNX3 is a transcription factor with regulatory roles in cell proliferation and development. While largely characterized as a tumor suppressor, RUNX3 can also be oncogenic in certain cancers. Many factors account for the tumor suppressor function of RUNX3, which is reflected by its ability to suppress cancer cell proliferation after expression-restoration, and its inactivation in cancer cells. Ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation represent a major mechanism for the inactivation of RUNX3 and the suppression of cancer cell proliferation. On the one hand, RUNX3 has been shown to facilitate the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of oncogenic proteins. On the other hand, RUNX3 can be inactivated through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. This review encapsulates two facets of RUNX3 in cancer: how RUNX3 suppresses cell proliferation by facilitating the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of oncogenic proteins, and how RUNX3 is degraded itself through interacting RNA-, protein-, and pathogen-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.
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3
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RUNX3 in Stem Cell and Cancer Biology. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030408. [PMID: 36766749 PMCID: PMC9913995 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) play prominent roles in cell cycle progression, differentiation, apoptosis, immunity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. There are three members in the mammalian RUNX family, each with distinct tissue expression profiles. RUNX genes play unique and redundant roles during development and adult tissue homeostasis. The ability of RUNX proteins to influence signaling pathways, such as Wnt, TGFβ and Hippo-YAP, suggests that they integrate signals from the environment to dictate cell fate decisions. All RUNX genes hold master regulator roles, albeit in different tissues, and all have been implicated in cancer. Paradoxically, RUNX genes exert tumor suppressive and oncogenic functions, depending on tumor type and stage. Unlike RUNX1 and 2, the role of RUNX3 in stem cells is poorly understood. A recent study using cancer-derived RUNX3 mutation R122C revealed a gatekeeper role for RUNX3 in gastric epithelial stem cell homeostasis. The corpora of RUNX3R122C/R122C mice showed a dramatic increase in proliferating stem cells as well as inhibition of differentiation. Tellingly, RUNX3R122C/R122C mice also exhibited a precancerous phenotype. This review focuses on the impact of RUNX3 dysregulation on (1) stem cell fate and (2) the molecular mechanisms underpinning early carcinogenesis.
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Yang RN, Zhou FR, Wang HY, Wang QH, Ji JL, Huang T, Guo C, Dong Z, Cao YW. Antitumor activity of RUNX3: Upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:1579-1590. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
RUNX3 is a transcription factor and tumor suppressor that is silenced or inactivated in diverse tumors. The effect of RUNX3 on the epithelial–mesenchymal transition in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) remains unclear. We determined the expression of RUNX3 and E-cadherin in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues of 30 CCRCC patients; established cultured CCRCC cells with the overexpression of RUNX3; and examined the in vivo tumorigenic function of RUNX3 in a nude mouse xenograft model of CCRCC. RUNX3 and E-cadherin were downregulated in human CCRCC samples. Cell lines with RUNX3 overexpression had reduced cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, a prolonged cell cycle, increased apoptosis, and increased expression of E-cadherin. In the nude mouse xenograft model of CCRCC, tumors with the overexpression of RUNX3 had smaller volumes and weights and had increased expression of E-cadherin. In conclusion, RUNX3 overexpression increased the level of E-cadherin and inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of CCRCC in vitro and in vivo. RUNX3 has potential use as a biomarker for prognostic monitoring of CCRCC and as a therapeutic target for the treatment of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Nan Yang
- Department of Renal Transplantation and Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , No. 59 Haier Road , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Fu-Rong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital , Yantai , Shandong , China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- Department of Renal Transplantation and Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , No. 59 Haier Road , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Qing-Hai Wang
- Department of Renal Transplantation and Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , No. 59 Haier Road , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Jian-Lei Ji
- Department of Renal Transplantation and Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , No. 59 Haier Road , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Renal Transplantation and Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , No. 59 Haier Road , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Chen Guo
- Department of Renal Transplantation and Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , No. 59 Haier Road , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Department of Renal Transplantation and Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , No. 59 Haier Road , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Yan-Wei Cao
- Department of Renal Transplantation and Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , No. 59 Haier Road , Qingdao , Shandong , China
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5
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Kim JH, Kim K, Kim I, Seong S, Koh JT, Kim N. The ATF3-OPG Axis Contributes to Bone Formation by Regulating the Differentiation of Osteoclasts, Osteoblasts, and Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073500. [PMID: 35408860 PMCID: PMC8998270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) has been identified as a negative regulator of osteoblast differentiation in in vitro study. However, it was not associated with osteoblast differentiation in in vivo study. To provide an understanding of the discrepancy between the in vivo and in vitro findings regarding the function of ATF3 in osteoblasts, we investigated the unidentified roles of ATF3 in osteoblast biology. ATF3 enhanced osteoprotegerin (OPG) production, not only in osteoblast precursor cells, but also during osteoblast differentiation and osteoblastic adipocyte differentiation. In addition, ATF3 increased nodule formation in immature osteoblasts and decreased osteoblast-dependent osteoclast formation, as well as the transdifferentiation of osteoblasts to adipocytes. However, all these effects were reversed by the OPG neutralizing antibody. Taken together, these results suggest that ATF3 contributes to bone homeostasis by regulating the differentiation of various cell types in the bone microenvironment, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and adipocytes via inducing OPG production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ha Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (J.H.K.); (K.K.); (I.K.); (S.S.)
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Kabsun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (J.H.K.); (K.K.); (I.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Inyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (J.H.K.); (K.K.); (I.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Semun Seong
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (J.H.K.); (K.K.); (I.K.); (S.S.)
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Nacksung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (J.H.K.); (K.K.); (I.K.); (S.S.)
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-379-2835
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6
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Gan Q, Pan H, Zhang W, Yuan Y, Qian J, Liu C. Fabrication and evaluation of a BMP-2/dexamethasone co-loaded gelatin sponge scaffold for rapid bone regeneration. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac008. [PMID: 35592142 PMCID: PMC9113239 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the osteogenic activity of BMP-2 in vivo has significant clinical application value. In this research, we use a clinical gelatin sponge scaffold loaded with BMP-2 and dexamethasone (Dex) to evaluate the osteogenic activity of dual drugs via ectopic osteogenesis in vivo. We also investigate the mechanism of osteogenesis induced by BMP-2 and Dex with C2C12, a multipotent muscle-derived progenitor cell. The results show that the gelatin scaffold with Dex and BMP-2 can significantly accelerate osteogenesis in vivo. It is indicated that compared with the BMP-2 or Dex alone, 100 nM of Dex can dramatically enhance the BMP-2-induced alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), ALP mRNA expression and mineralization. Further studies show that 100 nM of Dex can maintain the secondary structure of BMP-2 and facilitate recognition of BMP-2 with its receptors on the surface of C2C12 cells. We also find that in C2C12, Dex has no obvious effect on the BMP-2-induced Smad1/5/8 protein expression and the STAT3-dependent pathway, but Runx2-dependent pathway is involved in the Dex-stimulated osteoblast differentiation of BMP-2 both in vitro and in vivo. Based on these results, a potential mechanism model about the synergistic osteoinductive effect of Dex and BMP-2 in C2C12 cells via Runx2 activation is proposed. This may provide a theoretical basis for the pre-clinical application of Dex and BMP-2 for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Hao Pan
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Jiangchao Qian
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
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7
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Shabir U, Bhat IA, Pir BA, Bharti MK, Pandey S, SaiKumar G, Sarkar M, Thirupathi Y, Chandra V, Sonewane A, Sharma GT. Smad4 and γ-secretase knock-down effect on osteogenic differentiation mediated via Runx2 in canine mesenchymal stem cells. Res Vet Sci 2022; 145:116-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Howell ED, Yzaguirre AD, Gao P, Lis R, He B, Lakadamyali M, Rafii S, Tan K, Speck NA. Efficient hemogenic endothelial cell specification by RUNX1 is dependent on baseline chromatin accessibility of RUNX1-regulated TGFβ target genes. Genes Dev 2021; 35:1475-1489. [PMID: 34675061 PMCID: PMC8559682 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348738.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Howell et al. found that the ability of RUNX1 to promote endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) depends on its ability to recruit the TGFβ signaling effectors AP-1 and SMAD2/3, which in turn is determined by the changing chromatin landscape in embryonic versus fetal ECs. Their work provides insight into the regulation of EndoMT and EHT that will guide reprogramming efforts for clinical applications. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are generated de novo in the embryo from hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) via an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) that requires the transcription factor RUNX1. Ectopic expression of RUNX1 alone can efficiently promote EHT and HSPC formation from embryonic endothelial cells (ECs), but less efficiently from fetal or adult ECs. Efficiency correlated with baseline accessibility of TGFβ-related genes associated with endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and participation of AP-1 and SMAD2/3 to initiate further chromatin remodeling along with RUNX1 at these sites. Activation of TGFβ signaling improved the efficiency with which RUNX1 specified fetal ECs as HECs. Thus, the ability of RUNX1 to promote EHT depends on its ability to recruit the TGFβ signaling effectors AP-1 and SMAD2/3, which in turn is determined by the changing chromatin landscape in embryonic versus fetal ECs. This work provides insight into regulation of EndoMT and EHT that will guide reprogramming efforts for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Howell
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Amanda D Yzaguirre
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Raphael Lis
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Bing He
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Melike Lakadamyali
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Kai Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Nancy A Speck
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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9
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The Multiple Interactions of RUNX with the Hippo-YAP Pathway. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112925. [PMID: 34831147 PMCID: PMC8616315 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo–YAP signaling pathway serves roles in cell proliferation, stem cell renewal/maintenance, differentiation and apoptosis. Many of its functions are central to early development, adult tissue repair/regeneration and not surprisingly, tumorigenesis and metastasis. The Hippo pathway represses the activity of YAP and paralog TAZ by modulating cell proliferation and promoting differentiation to maintain tissue homeostasis and proper organ size. Similarly, master regulators of development RUNX transcription factors have been shown to play critical roles in proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and cell fate determination. In this review, we discuss the multiple interactions of RUNX with the Hippo–YAP pathway, their shared collaborators in Wnt, TGFβ, MYC and RB pathways, and their overlapping functions in development and tumorigenesis.
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10
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Korinfskaya S, Parameswaran S, Weirauch MT, Barski A. Runx Transcription Factors in T Cells-What Is Beyond Thymic Development? Front Immunol 2021; 12:701924. [PMID: 34421907 PMCID: PMC8377396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Runx proteins (also known as Runt-domain transcription factors) have been studied for a long time as key regulators of cellular differentiation. RUNX2 has been described as essential for osteogenesis, whereas RUNX1 and RUNX3 are known to control blood cell development during different stages of cell lineage specification. However, recent studies show evidence of complex relationships between RUNX proteins, chromatin-modifying machinery, the cytoskeleton and different transcription factors in various non-embryonic contexts, including mature T cell homeostasis, inflammation and cancer. In this review, we discuss the diversity of Runx functions in mature T helper cells, such as production of cytokines and chemokines by different CD4 T cell populations; apoptosis; and immunologic memory acquisition. We then briefly cover recent findings about the contribution of RUNX1, RUNX2 and RUNX3 to various immunologic diseases. Finally, we discuss areas that require further study to better understand the role that Runx proteins play in inflammation and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Korinfskaya
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sreeja Parameswaran
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Artem Barski
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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11
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Abdel Mouti M, Pauklin S. TGFB1/INHBA Homodimer/Nodal-SMAD2/3 Signaling Network: A Pivotal Molecular Target in PDAC Treatment. Mol Ther 2021; 29:920-936. [PMID: 33429081 PMCID: PMC7934636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains a grueling disease that is projected to become the second-deadliest cancer in the next decade. Standard treatment of pancreatic cancer is chemotherapy, which mainly targets the differentiated population of tumor cells; however, it paradoxically sets the roots of tumor relapse by the selective enrichment of intrinsically chemoresistant pancreatic cancer stem cells that are equipped with an indefinite capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, resulting in tumor regeneration and an overall anemic response to chemotherapy. Crosstalk between pancreatic tumor cells and the surrounding stromal microenvironment is also involved in the development of chemoresistance by creating a supportive niche, which enhances the stemness features and tumorigenicity of pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, the desmoplastic nature of the tumor-associated stroma acts as a physical barrier, which limits the intratumoral delivery of chemotherapeutics. In this review, we mainly focus on the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1)/inhibin subunit beta A (INHBA) homodimer/Nodal-SMAD2/3 signaling network in pancreatic cancer as a pivotal central node that regulates multiple key mechanisms involved in the development of chemoresistance, including enhancement of the stem cell-like properties and tumorigenicity of pancreatic cancer cells, mediating cooperative interactions between pancreatic cancer cells and the surrounding stroma, as well as regulating the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Abdel Mouti
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Headington, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Siim Pauklin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Headington, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
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12
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Adiponectin inhibits lipoplysaccharide-induced inflammation and promotes osteogenesis in hPDLCs. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227897. [PMID: 33616153 PMCID: PMC7926180 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are infections of the structures that surround and support the teeth; they are characterized by local inflammation and alveolar bone loss. Most treatments focus on only one aspect, inhibiting inflammation, or promoting osteoblasts. We set out to develop a new method that would intervene in the two aspects simultaneously. Adiponectin (APN), secreted by adipocytes, inhibits the inflammatory response and promotes osteogenesis. However, its role in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) is unclear. Therefore, we aim to investigate whether APN could suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and promote osteogenesis in hPDLCs. In the present study, we stimulated hPDLCs with LPS in the presence or absence of APN. Real-time PCR and Western blotting results demonstrated that APN partially inhibited the activation of the classical nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB) pathway. These results were confirmed by a change of expressions of NF-κB downstream inflammatory genes, such as decreased cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), along with increased interleukin (IL)-10. As for the role of APN in osteogenesis, Alizarin Red S staining showed that APN treatment induced more calcium deposition nodules than controls. We also found that APN enhanced the expression of osteoblast-related genes (osteopontin (OPN), collagen 1, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and bone morphogenetic protein 2) in hPDLCs via the APPL1 (the adaptor protein containing PH domain, PTB domain, and leucine zipper motif 1)/p38 signal transduction pathway. Therefore, APN inhibits LPS-induced inflammation and promotes osteogenesis in hPDLCs and may have potential therapeutic value in treating periodontitis by inhibiting the inflammatory lesions and contributing to bone tissue regeneration.
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Walker M, Luo J, Pringle EW, Cantini M. ChondroGELesis: Hydrogels to harness the chondrogenic potential of stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 121:111822. [PMID: 33579465 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is a highly complex microenvironment, whose various components converge to regulate cell fate. Hydrogels, as water-swollen polymer networks composed by synthetic or natural materials, are ideal candidates to create biologically active substrates that mimic these matrices and target cell behaviour for a desired tissue engineering application. Indeed, the ability to tune their mechanical, structural, and biochemical properties provides a framework to recapitulate native tissues. This review explores how hydrogels have been engineered to harness the chondrogenic response of stem cells for the repair of damaged cartilage tissue. The signalling processes involved in hydrogel-driven chondrogenesis are also discussed, identifying critical pathways that should be taken into account during hydrogel design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Walker
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Eonan William Pringle
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Marco Cantini
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK.
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14
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CHD1 loss negatively influences metastasis-free survival in R0-resected prostate cancer patients and promotes spontaneous metastasis in vivo. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 29:49-61. [PMID: 33414516 PMCID: PMC8761572 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The outcome of prostate cancer (PCa) patients is highly variable and depends on whether or not distant metastases occur. Multiple chromosomal deletions have been linked to early tumor marker PSA recurrence (biochemical relapse, BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP), but their potential role for distant metastasis formation is largely unknown. Here, we specifically analyzed whether deletion of the tumor suppressor CHD1 (5q21) influences the post-surgical risk of distant metastasis and whether CHD1 loss directly contributes to metastasis formation in vivo. By considering >6800 patients we found that the CHD1 deletion negatively influences metastasis-free survival in R0 patients (HR: 2.32; 95% CI: 1.61, 3.33; p < 0.001) independent of preoperative PSA, pT stage, pN status, Gleason Score, and BCR. Moreover, CHD1 deletion predicts shortened BCR-free survival in pT2 patients and cancer-specific survival in all patients. In vivo, CHD1 loss increases spontaneous pulmonary metastasis formation in two distinct PCa models coupled with a higher number of multicellular colonies as compared to single-cell metastases. Transcriptome analyses revealed down-regulation of the PCa-specific metastasis suppressor and TGFβ signaling regulator PMEPA1 after CHD1 depletion in both tested PCa models. CHD1 loss increases the risk of postoperative metastasis in R0-resected PCa patients and promotes spontaneous metastasis formation in vivo.
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15
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Nakamichi R, Kurimoto R, Tabata Y, Asahara H. Transcriptional, epigenetic and microRNA regulation of growth plate. Bone 2020; 137:115434. [PMID: 32422296 PMCID: PMC7387102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endochondral ossification is a critical event in bone formation, particularly in long shaft bones. Many cellular differentiation processes work in concert to facilitate the generation of cartilage primordium to formation of trabecular structures, all of which occur within the growth plate. Previous studies have revealed that the growth plate is tightly regulated by various transcription factors, epigenetic systems, and microRNAs. Hence, understanding these mechanisms that regulate the growth plate is crucial to furthering the current understanding on skeletal diseases, and in formulating effective treatment strategies. In this review, we focus on describing the function and mechanisms of the transcription factors, epigenetic systems, and microRNAs known to regulate the growth plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakamichi
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ryota Kurimoto
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tabata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Hirosi Asahara
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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16
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Riddell A, McBride M, Braun T, Nicklin SA, Cameron E, Loughrey CM, Martin TP. RUNX1: an emerging therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:1410-1423. [PMID: 32154891 PMCID: PMC7314639 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor-1 (RUNX1), also known as acute myeloid leukaemia 1 protein (AML1), is a member of the core-binding factor family of transcription factors which modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in multiple systems. It is a master-regulator transcription factor, which has been implicated in diverse signalling pathways and cellular mechanisms during normal development and disease. RUNX1 is best characterized for its indispensable role for definitive haematopoiesis and its involvement in haematological malignancies. However, more recently RUNX1 has been identified as a key regulator of adverse cardiac remodelling following myocardial infarction. This review discusses the role RUNX1 plays in the heart and highlights its therapeutic potential as a target to limit the progression of adverse cardiac remodelling and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Riddell
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Martin McBride
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stuart A Nicklin
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Ewan Cameron
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Christopher M Loughrey
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Tamara P Martin
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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17
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Wagley Y, Chesi A, Acevedo PK, Lu S, Wells AD, Johnson ME, Grant SFA, Hankenson KD. Canonical Notch signaling is required for bone morphogenetic protein-mediated human osteoblast differentiation. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1332-1347. [PMID: 32535942 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) can be induced by stimulation with canonical Notch ligand, Jagged1, or bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). However, it remains elusive how these two pathways lead to the same phenotypic outcome. Since Runx2 is regarded as a master regulator of osteoblastic differentiation, we targeted Runx2 with siRNA in hMSC. This abrogated both Jagged1 and BMP2 mediated osteoblastic differentiation, confirming the fundamental role for Runx2. However, while BMP stimulation increased Runx2 and downstream Osterix protein expression, Jagged1 treatment failed to upregulate either, suggesting that canonical Notch signals require basal Runx2 expression. To fully understand the transcriptomic profile of differentiating osteoblasts, RNA sequencing was performed in cells stimulated with BMP2 or Jagged1. There was common upregulation of ALPL and extracellular matrix genes, such as ACAN, HAS3, MCAM, and OLFML2B. Intriguingly, genes encoding components of Notch signaling (JAG1, HEY2, and HES4) were among the top 10 genes upregulated by both stimuli. Indeed, ALPL expression occurred concurrently with Notch activation and inhibiting Notch activity for up to 24 hours after BMP administration with DAPT (a gamma secretase inhibitor) completely abrogated hMSC osteoblastogenesis. Concordantly, RBPJ (recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region, a critical downstream modulator of Notch signals) binding could be demonstrated within the ALPL and SP7 promoters. As such, siRNA-mediated ablation of RBPJ decreased BMP-mediated osteoblastogenesis. Finally, systemic Notch inhibition using diabenzazepine (DBZ) reduced BMP2-induced calvarial bone healing in mice supporting the critical regulatory role of Notch signaling in BMP-induced osteoblastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadav Wagley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Parker K Acevedo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sumei Lu
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew D Wells
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew E Johnson
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kurt D Hankenson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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18
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Anselmino N, Starbuck M, Labanca E, Cotignola J, Navone N, Gueron G, Zenclussen AC, Vazquez E. Heme Oxygenase-1 Is a Pivotal Modulator of Bone Turnover and Remodeling: Molecular Implications for Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1243-1258. [PMID: 31861963 PMCID: PMC7232646 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Bone is the most frequent site of prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis. Tumor cells interact with the bone microenvironment interrupting tissue balance. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1; encoded by Hmox1) appears as a potential target in PCa maintaining the cellular homeostasis. Our hypothesis is that HO-1 is implicated in bone physiology and modulates the communication with PCa cells. Here we aimed at (i) assessing the physiological impact of Hmox1 gene knockout (KO) on bone metabolism in vivo and (ii) determining the alterations of the transcriptional landscape associated with tumorigenesis and bone remodeling in cells growing in coculture (PCa cells with primary mouse osteoblasts [PMOs] from BALB/c Hmox1+/+, Hmox1+/-, and Hmox1-/- mice). Results: Histomorphometric analysis of Hmox1-/- mice bones exhibited significantly decreased bone density with reduced remodeling parameters. A positive correlation between Hmox1 expression and Runx2, Col1a1, Csf1, and Opg genes was observed in PMOs. Flow cytometry studies revealed two populations of PMOs with different reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The high ROS population was increased in PMOs Hmox1+/- compared with Hmox1+/+, but was significantly reduced in PMOs Hmox1-/-, suggesting restrained ROS tolerance in KO cells. Gene expression was altered in PMOs upon coculture with PCa cells, showing a pro-osteoclastic profile. Moreover, HO-1 induction in PCa cells growing in coculture with PMOs resulted in a significant modulation of key bone markers such as PTHrP and OPG. Innovation and Conclusion: We here demonstrate the direct implications of HO-1 expression in bone remodeling and how it participates in the alterations in the communication between bone and prostate tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Anselmino
- Laboratorio de inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael Starbuck
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Estefania Labanca
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Javier Cotignola
- Laboratorio de inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Geraldine Gueron
- Laboratorio de inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana C. Zenclussen
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Elba Vazquez
- Laboratorio de inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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19
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Kim KM, Kim EJ, Jang WG. Carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation via protein phosphatase 2A Cα dependent manner. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 124:105766. [PMID: 32416328 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) is a major transcription factor of lipogenesis regulated by glucose status in the liver. However, the function of ChREBP in osteogenic differentiation is unclear. The present study examined the role of ChREBP in osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cell line. The mRNA expression of ChREBP, protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit-α (PP2A Cα) and the osteogenic genes such as, DNA-binding protein inhibitor (Id1), runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was measured by qPCR and RT-PCR. Runx2, ChREBP, and PP2A Cα, protein levels were evaluated by Western blotting. ALP staining experiment was carried out to evaluate ALP enzyme activity, and a luciferase reporter assay was performed to analyze Runx2 transcriptional activity. Expression of ChREBP and PP2A Cα did not change during bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2)-induced osteoblast differentiation. Overexpression of ChREBP reduced the osteogenic genes (Runx2 and ALP) expression and ALP activity, while knockdown of ChREBP had the opposite effects. Overexpression of PP2A Cα increased ChREBP expression, while inhibition of PP2A Cα using okadaic acid not only inhibited the expression of ChREBP, but also restored the mRNA and protein expression of Runx2 and activity of ALP enzyme. These results demonstrate that ChREBP inhibits BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation in a PP2A Cα- dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Min Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Department of Immunology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Gu Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Xiao Z, Tian Y, Jia Y, Shen Q, Jiang W, Chen G, Shang B, Shi M, Wang Z, Zhao X. RUNX3 inhibits the invasion and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by reversing the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition through TGF‑β/Smad signaling. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:1289-1299. [PMID: 32323849 PMCID: PMC7057941 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Runt‑related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is a candidate tumor suppressor, and its inactivation may play a crucial role in the carcinogenesis process of numerous cancer types, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We previously revealed that RUNX3 inactivation was correlated with lymph node metastasis (LNM) and ESCC recurrence. However, the exact mechanisms of this process are still under investigation. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of RUNX3 in ESCC metastasis and the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT). According to the results, RUNX3 expression in ESCC tissue was significantly reduced compared with that in adjacent normal tissue (0.50±0.20 vs. 0.83±0.16; P<0.001). In addition, statistical analysis revealed a close association between decreased RUNX3 expression and T status (P=0.027) and LNM (P=0.017) in ESCC patients. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis was then used to evaluate correlations between RUNX3 and EMT‑related marker expression. The results revealed that RUNX3 expression in ESCC tissues was negatively correlated with the expression of N‑cadherin (r=‑0.429; P<0.01) and Snail (r=‑0.364; P<0.01) and positively correlated with the expression of E‑cadherin (r=0.580; P<0.01). Moreover, Eca109 and EC9706 cell invasion, migration, MMP‑9 expression and EMT were significantly inhibited by RUNX3 overexpression. Notably, further analysis revealed that RUNX3 overexpression markedly inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad2/3; RUNX3‑overexpressing cells also displayed less sensitivity to TGF‑β1‑induced EMT than control cells. Thus, RUNX3 may inhibit the invasion and migration of ESCC cells by reversing EMT through TGF‑β/Smad signaling and may be useful as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yang Jia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Qi Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Wenpeng Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Bin Shang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Mo Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Zhou Wang, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Xiaogang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Thoracic Cancer in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
- Professor Xiaogang Zhao, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Avenue, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China, E-mail:
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21
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Seo W, Taniuchi I. The Roles of RUNX Family Proteins in Development of Immune Cells. Mol Cells 2020; 43:107-113. [PMID: 31926543 PMCID: PMC7057832 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) transcription factors have been known for their critical roles in numerous developmental processes and diseases such as autoimmune disorders and cancer. Especially, RUNX proteins are best known for their roles in hematopoiesis, particularly during the development of T cells. As scientists discover more types of new immune cells, the functional diversity of RUNX proteins also has been increased over time. Furthermore, recent research has revealed complicated transcriptional networks involving RUNX proteins by the current technical advances. Databases established by next generation sequencing data analysis has identified ever increasing numbers of potential targets for RUNX proteins and other transcription factors. Here, we summarize diverse functions of RUNX proteins mainly on lymphoid lineage cells by incorporating recent discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooseok Seo
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 30-0045, Japan
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 30-0045, Japan
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22
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BLT1 mediates commensal bacteria-dependent innate immune signals to enhance antigen-specific intestinal IgA responses. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:1082-1091. [PMID: 31142830 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) triggers the migration of granulocytes and activated T cells; however, its role in B-cell function remains unclear. Here we report that BLT1 is required to induce the production of antigen-specific IgA against oral vaccine through mediating innate immune signals from commensal bacteria. B cells acquire BLT1 expression during their differentiation to IgA+ B cells and plasma cells in Peyer's patches and the small intestinal lamina propria, respectively. BLT1 KO mice exhibited impaired production of antigen-specific fecal IgA to oral vaccine despite normal IgG responses to systemically immunized antigen. Expression of MyD88 was decreased in BLT1 KO gut B cells and consequently led to diminished proliferation of commensal bacteria-dependent plasma cells. These results indicate that BLT1 enhances the proliferation of commensal bacteria-dependent IgA+ plasma cells through the induction of MyD88 and thereby plays a key role in the production of antigen-specific intestinal IgA.
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23
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Overexpression of Dlx2 enhances osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and MC3T3-E1 cells via direct upregulation of Osteocalcin and Alp. Int J Oral Sci 2019; 11:12. [PMID: 30880332 PMCID: PMC6421343 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-019-0046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies have revealed a critical role of Distal-homeobox (Dlx) genes in bone formation, and our previous study showed that Dlx2 overexpressing in neural crest cells leads to profound abnormalities of the craniofacial tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and the underlying molecular mechanisms of Dlx2 in osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. Initially, we observed upregulation of Dlx2 during the early osteogenesis in BMSCs and MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, Dlx2 overexpression enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and extracellular matrix mineralization in BMSCs and MC3T3-E1 cell line. In addition, micro-CT of implanted tissues in nude mice confirmed that Dlx2 overexpression in BMSCs promoted bone formation in vivo. Unexpectedly, Dlx2 overexpression had little impact on the expression level of the pivotal osteogenic transcription factors Runx2, Dlx5, Msx2, and Osterix, but led to upregulation of Alp and Osteocalcin (OCN), both of which play critical roles in promoting osteoblast maturation. Importantly, luciferase analysis showed that Dlx2 overexpression stimulated both OCN and Alp promoter activity. Through chromatin-immunoprecipitation assay and site-directed mutagenesis analysis, we provide molecular evidence that Dlx2 transactivates OCN and Alp expression by directly binding to the Dlx2-response cis-acting elements in the promoter of the two genes. Based on these findings, we demonstrate that Dlx2 overexpression enhances osteogenic differentiation in vitro and accelerates bone formation in vivo via direct upregulation of the OCN and Alp gene, suggesting that Dlx2 plays a crucial role in osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. The distal-less homeobox (Dlx) gene family is related to various features of bone development, and the Dlx2 member of that family has been found to play a crucial role in bone formation. A team headed by Steve Guofang Shen at the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in China investigated the function of Dlx2 in osteogenic (bone development) differentiation of mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and MC3T3-E1 cells (precursors of osteoblasts, the major cellular component of bone). The team found that overexpression of Dlx2 promotes osteogenic differentiation in vitro and accelerates bone formation in vivo by enhancing Osteocalcin and Alp genes (both of which play critical roles in promoting osteoblast maturation). The authors conclude that their results suggest a promising future strategy for treating bone defects where BMSCs overexpress Dlx2.
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Takahashi Y, Mayahara K, Fushiki R, Matsuike R, Shimizu N. Effect of mechanical strain-induced PGE 2 production on bone nodule formation by rat calvarial progenitor cells. J Oral Sci 2019; 61:25-29. [PMID: 30713263 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.18-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
High-magnitude mechanical strain inhibits bone nodule formation by reducing expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and muscle segment homeobox 2 (Msx2). Mechanical strain also induces production of proinflammatory factor prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by osteoblasts. We measured the effect of mechanical strain-induced PGE2 production on bone nodule formation and expression levels of bone formation-related factors. Osteoblast-like cells isolated from fetal rat calvariae were loaded with 18% cyclic tension force (TF) for 48 h in the presence or absence of NS-398, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2. To investigate the effect of TF-induced PGE2 on bone formation, bone nodule area on day 21 was measured by von Kossa staining. BMP-2, Runx2, and Msx2 expression levels were examined at 1 day after TF loading. Bone nodule formation was significantly inhibited by TF but was restored to control level by PGE2 inhibition. Furthermore, TF loading-induced reductions in expressions of these factors were restored to control level by PGE2 suppression. These results indicate that PGE2 production induced by high-magnitude mechanical strain inhibits bone nodule formation by reducing expression levels of bone formation-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kotoe Mayahara
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Clinical Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Rena Fushiki
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | | | - Noriyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Clinical Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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Kang X, Sun Y, Zhang Z. Identification of key transcription factors - gene regulatory network related with osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells based on transcription factor prognosis system. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2113-2122. [PMID: 30783479 PMCID: PMC6364222 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have the capacity to differentiate into fabricate cartilage, muscle, marrow stroma, tendon/ligament, fat, and other connective tissues, providing a potential source for tissue regeneration. The aim of this study was to find the key transcription factors (TFs), which regulated osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. In this study, three methods were performed to find the key TFs, which included enrichment analysis, direct impact value and indirect impact value. We used the patient and public involvements (PPI) network to integrate the results of the above methods for analysis. Then, we compared the osteoblast data to the control group on days 1, 3 and 7. Finally, we found the combination of the optimal and vital 30 TFs related to osteogenic differentiation. TFs FOS, SOX9 and EP300 were commonly expressed in 3 different days in the osteogenic lineages and presented in the PPI network at relatively high degrees. Moreover, TFs CREBBP, ESR1 and EGR1 also presented high effects on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day. The constructed network gives us a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of osteogenesis of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
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Zhou WN, Du YF, Zheng Y, Zhang W, Wu YN, Song XM, Bai J. Inactivation of RUNX3 protein expression in tongue squamous cell carcinoma and its association with clinicopathological characteristics. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:885-894. [PMID: 30535462 PMCID: PMC6323263 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) in oral cancer remains controversial. The present study aimed to determine the status of RUNX3 protein expression and its association with clinicopathological characteristics in tongue squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). The present study used three pairs of tongue SCC and non-cancerous tissues to assess RUNX3 protein expression by western blot analysis, and two tongue SCC cell lines to determine RUNX3 protein localization by immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry. Tissue microarray immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the clinical relevance of RUNX3 in 79 patients with tongue SCC. The results demonstrated that RUNX3 protein expression was reduced in tongue SCC tissues compared with in paired non-cancerous tissues. Similarly, the expression of RUNX3 was low in SCC25 and Cal27 cells, and was predominantly localized to the cytoplasm. In the 79 patients with tongue SCC, RUNX3 protein expression was presented in different manners in carcinoma nests and tumor stroma. RUNX3 in carcinoma nests (nRUNX3) exhibited nuclear positive staining in 24/79 samples, cytoplasmic mislocalization in 41/79 samples and was undetectable in 14/79 samples. RUNX3 in stroma (sRUNX3) exhibited nuclear positive staining in 40/79 samples and nuclear negative staining in 39/79 samples. Negative nRUNX3 expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.014), clinical stage (P=0.027), and overall and disease-free survival (P=0.008 and P=0.007, respectively). In addition, negative sRUNX3 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.003) and clinical stage (P=0.003); however, not with overall survival. The findings of the present study preliminarily suggested that cytoplasmic mislocalization of RUNX3 protein may be a common event in tongue SCC, and that sRUNX3 protein expression may be a potential prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Na Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Nong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Meng Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jin Bai
- Jiangsu Center for The Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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Li H, Fan J, Fan L, Li T, Yang Y, Xu H, Deng L, Li J, Li T, Weng X, Wang S, Chunhua Zhao R. MiRNA-10b Reciprocally Stimulates Osteogenesis and Inhibits Adipogenesis Partly through the TGF-β/SMAD2 Signaling Pathway. Aging Dis 2018; 9:1058-1073. [PMID: 30574418 PMCID: PMC6284771 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the population ages, the medical and socioeconomic impact of age-related bone disorders will further increase. An imbalance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can lead to various bone and metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying MSC osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation is important for the discovery of novel therapeutic paradigms for these diseases. miR-10b has been widely reported in tumorigenesis, cancer invasion and metastasis. However, the effects and potential mechanisms of miR-10b in the regulation of MSC adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation have not been explored. In this study, we found that the expression of miR-10b was positively correlated with bone formation marker genes ALP, RUNX2 and OPN, and negatively correlated with adipogenic markers CEBPα, PPARγ and AP2 in clinical osteoporosis samples. Overexpression of miR-10b enhanced osteogenic differentiation and inhibited adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) in vitro, whereas downregulation of miR-10b reversed these effects. Furthermore, miR-10b promoted ectopic bone formation in vivo. Target prediction and dual luciferase reporter assays identified SMAD2 as a potential target of miR-10b. Silencing endogenous SMAD2 expression in hADSCs enhanced osteogenesis but repressed adipogenesis. Pathway analysis indicated that miR-10b promotes osteogenic differentiation and bone formation via the TGF-β signaling pathway, while suppressing adipogenic differentiation may be primarily mediated by other pathways. Taken together, our findings imply that miR-10b acts as a critical regulator for balancing osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of hADSCs by repressing SMAD2 and partly through the TGF-β pathway. Our study suggests that miR-10b is a novel target for controlling bone and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Li
- 1Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), Beijing 100005, China
| | - Junfen Fan
- 1Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), Beijing 100005, China
| | - Linyuan Fan
- 1Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), Beijing 100005, China
| | - Tangping Li
- 1Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yanlei Yang
- 1Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), Beijing 100005, China
| | - Haoying Xu
- 1Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), Beijing 100005, China
| | - Luchan Deng
- 1Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jing Li
- 1Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), Beijing 100005, China
| | - Tao Li
- 2Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,3Current address: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xisheng Weng
- 2Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shihua Wang
- 1Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), Beijing 100005, China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- 1Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), Beijing 100005, China
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TGF-β Signaling and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition during Palatal Fusion. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113638. [PMID: 30463190 PMCID: PMC6274911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β plays an important role in development, including in palatogenesis. The dynamic morphological process of palatal fusion occurs to achieve separation of the nasal and oral cavities. Critically and specifically important in palatal fusion are the medial edge epithelial (MEE) cells, which are initially present at the palatal midline seam and over the course of the palate fusion process are lost from the seam, due to cell migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and/or programed cell death. In order to define the role of TGF-β signaling during this process, several approaches have been utilized, including a small interfering RNA (siRNA) strategy targeting TGF-β receptors in an organ culture context, the use of genetically engineered mice, such as Wnt1-cre/R26R double transgenic mice, and a cell fate tracing through utilization of cell lineage markers. These approaches have permitted investigators to distinguish some specific traits of well-defined cell populations throughout the palatogenic events. In this paper, we summarize the current understanding on the role of TGF-β signaling, and specifically its association with MEE cell fate during palatal fusion. TGF-β is highly regulated both temporally and spatially, with TGF-β3 and Smad2 being the preferentially expressed signaling molecules in the critical cells of the fusion processes. Interestingly, the accessory receptor, TGF-β type 3 receptor, is also critical for palatal fusion, with evidence for its significance provided by Cre-lox systems and siRNA approaches. This suggests the high demand of ligand for this fine-tuned signaling process. We discuss the new insights in the fate of MEE cells in the midline epithelial seam (MES) during the palate fusion process, with a particular focus on the role of TGF-β signaling.
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Yao F, Yin L, Feng S, Wang X, Zhang A, Zhou H. Functional characterization of grass carp runt-related transcription factor 3: Involvement in TGF-β1-mediated c-Myc transcription in fish cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:130-135. [PMID: 30099141 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, both runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) and c-Myc are the downstream effectors of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling to mediate various cellular responses. However, information of their interaction especially in fish is lacking. In the present study, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) runx3 (gcrunx3) cDNA was cloned and identified. Interestingly, opposing effects of recombinant grass carp TGF-β1 (rgcTGF-β1) on c-myc and runx3 mRNA expression were observed in grass carp periphery blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Parallelly, Runx3 protein levels were enhanced by rgcTGF-β1 in the cells. These findings prompted us to examine whether Runx3 can mediate the inhibition of TGF-β1 on c-myc expression in fish cells. In line with this, overexpression of grass carp Runx3 and Runx3 DN (a dominant-negative form of Runx3) in grass carp kidney cell line (CIK) cells decreased and increased c-myc transcript levels, respectively. Particularly, the regulation of Runx3 and Runx3 DN on c-myc mRNA expression was direct since they were presented in the nucleus without any stimulation. In addition, rgcTGF-β1 alone suppressed c-myc mRNA expression in CIK cells as in PBLs. Moreover, this inhibitory effect was also observed when grass carp Runx3 and Runx3 DN were overexpressed. These results strengthened the role of TGF-β1 signaling in controlling c-myc transcription. Taken together, TGF-β1-mediated c-myc expression was affected at least in part by Runx3, thereby firstly exploring the functional role of Runx3 in TGF-β1 down-regulation on c-myc mRNA expression in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Yao
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Licheng Yin
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Feng
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Anying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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Runx3 regulates folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis in granulosa cells of immature mice. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 375:743-754. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Systemic Activation of Activin A Signaling Causes Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092490. [PMID: 30142896 PMCID: PMC6163495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The high cardiovascular mortality associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is caused in part by the CKD-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) syndrome. The CKD-MBD consists of skeletal, vascular and cardiac pathology caused by metabolic derangements produced by kidney disease. The prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis resulting from the skeletal component of the CKD-MBD, renal osteodystrophy (ROD), in patients with CKD exceeds that of the general population and is a major public health concern. That CKD is associated with compromised bone health is widely accepted, yet the mechanisms underlying impaired bone metabolism in CKD are not fully understood. Therefore, clarification of the molecular mechanisms by which CKD produces ROD is of crucial significance. We have shown that activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β super family, is an important positive regulator of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis with Smad-mediated signaling being crucial for inducing osteoclast development and function. Recently, we have demonstrated systemic activation of activin receptors and activin A levels in CKD mouse models, such as diabetic CKD and Alport (AL) syndrome. In these CKD mouse models, bone remodeling caused by increased osteoclast numbers and activated osteoclastic bone resorption was observed and treatment with an activin receptor ligand trap repaired CKD-induced-osteoclastic bone resorption and stimulated individual osteoblastic bone formation, irrespective of parathyroid hormone (PTH) elevation. These findings have opened a new field for exploring mechanisms of activin A-enhanced osteoclast formation and function in CKD. Activin A appears to be a strong candidate for CKD-induced high-turnover ROD. Therefore, the treatment with the decoy receptor for activin A might be a good candidate for treatment for CKD-induced osteopenia or osteoporosis, indicating that the new findings from in these studies will lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for CKD-related and osteopenia and osteoporosis in general. In this review, we describe the impact of CKD-induced Smad signaling in osteoclasts, osteoblasts and vascular cells in CKD.
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Accardi F, Toscani D, Costa F, Aversa F, Giuliani N. The Proteasome and Myeloma-Associated Bone Disease. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:210-226. [PMID: 29080972 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone disease is the hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM), a hematological malignancy characterized by osteolytic lesions due to a severe uncoupled and unbalanced bone remodeling with pronounced osteoblast suppression. Bone metastasis is also a frequent complication of solid tumors including advanced breast or prostate cancer. In the past years, the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway has been proved critical in regulating the balance between bone formation and bone resorption. Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) are a new class of drugs, currently used in the treatment of MM, that affect both tumor cells and bone microenvironment. Particularly, PIs stimulate osteoblast differentiation by human mesenchymal stromal cells and increase bone regeneration in mice. Interestingly, in vitro data indicate that PIs block MM-induced osteoblast and osteocyte cell death by targeting both apoptosis and autophagy. The preclinical data are supported by the following effects observed in MM patients treated with PIs: increase of bone alkaline phosphatase levels, normalization of the markers of bone turnover, and reduction of the skeletal-related events. Moreover, the histomorphometric data indicate that the treatment with bortezomib stimulates osteoblast formation and maintains osteocyte viability in MM patients. This review updates the evidence on the effects of PIs on bone remodeling and on cancer-induced bone disease while focusing on MM bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Accardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
- Hematology and BMT Center, "Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Parma", Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Denise Toscani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Costa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Franco Aversa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
- Hematology and BMT Center, "Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Parma", Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
- Hematology and BMT Center, "Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Parma", Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
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Naito T, Muroi S, Taniuchi I, Kondo M. Loss of Eed leads to lineage instability and increased CD8 expression of mouse CD4+ T cells upon TGFβ signaling. Mol Immunol 2018; 94:140-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Afaloniati H, Karagiannis GS, Hardas A, Poutahidis T, Angelopoulou K. Inflammation-driven colon neoplasmatogenesis in uPA-deficient mice is associated with an increased expression of Runx transcriptional regulators. Exp Cell Res 2017; 361:257-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ampuja M, Kallioniemi A. Transcription factors-Intricate players of the bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 57:3-11. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ampuja
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories; Tampere Finland
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Chuang LSH, Ito K, Ito Y. Roles of RUNX in Solid Tumors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:299-320. [PMID: 28299665 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
All RUNX genes have been implicated in the development of solid tumors, but the role each RUNX gene plays in the different tumor types is complicated by multiple interactions with major signaling pathways and tumor heterogeneity. Moreover, for a given tissue type, the specific role of each RUNX protein is distinct at different stages of differentiation. A regulatory function for RUNX in tissue stem cells points sharply to a causal effect in tumorigenesis. Understanding how RUNX dysregulation in cancer impinges on normal biological processes is important for identifying the molecular mechanisms that lead to malignancy. It will also indicate whether restoration of proper RUNX function to redirect cell fate is a feasible treatment for cancer. With the recent advances in RUNX research, it is time to revisit the many mechanisms/pathways that RUNX engage to regulate cell fate and decide whether cells proliferate, differentiate or die.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Shyue Huey Chuang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Kosei Ito
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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Hong D, Messier TL, Tye CE, Dobson JR, Fritz AJ, Sikora KR, Browne G, Stein JL, Lian JB, Stein GS. Runx1 stabilizes the mammary epithelial cell phenotype and prevents epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17610-17627. [PMID: 28407681 PMCID: PMC5392273 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Runx1 is a well characterized transcription factor essential for hematopoietic differentiation and Runx1 mutations are the cause of leukemias. Runx1 is highly expressed in normal epithelium of most glands and recently has been associated with solid tumors. Notably, the function of Runx1 in the mammary gland and how it is involved in initiation and progression of breast cancer is still unclear. Here we demonstrate the consequences of Runx1 loss in normal mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells. We first observed that Runx1 is decreased in tumorigenic and metastatic breast cancer cells. We also observed loss of Runx1 expression upon induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in MCF10A (normal-like) cells. Furthermore depletion of Runx1 in MCF10A cells resulted in striking changes in cell shape, leading to mesenchymal cell morphology. The epithelial phenotype could be restored in breast cancer cells by re-expressing Runx1. Analyses of breast tumors and patient data revealed that low Runx1 expression is associated with poor prognosis and decreased survival. We addressed mechanisms for the function of Runx1 in maintaining the epithelial phenotype and find Runx1 directly regulates E-cadherin; and serves as a downstream transcription factor mediating TGFβ signaling. We also observed through global gene expression profiling of growth factor depleted cells that induction of EMT and loss of Runx1 is associated with activation of TGFβ and WNT pathways. Thus these findings have identified a novel function for Runx1 in sustaining normal epithelial morphology and preventing EMT and suggest Runx1 levels could be a prognostic indicator of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Terri L Messier
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Coralee E Tye
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jason R Dobson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J Fritz
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Kenneth R Sikora
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Gillian Browne
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
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38
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Sanjabi S, Oh SA, Li MO. Regulation of the Immune Response by TGF-β: From Conception to Autoimmunity and Infection. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a022236. [PMID: 28108486 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in both suppressive and inflammatory immune responses. After 30 years of intense study, we have only begun to elucidate how TGF-β alters immunity under various conditions. Under steady-state conditions, TGF-β regulates thymic T-cell selection and maintains homeostasis of the naïve T-cell pool. TGF-β inhibits cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), Th1-, and Th2-cell differentiation while promoting peripheral (p)Treg-, Th17-, Th9-, and Tfh-cell generation, and T-cell tissue residence in response to immune challenges. Similarly, TGF-β controls the proliferation, survival, activation, and differentiation of B cells, as well as the development and functions of innate cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes. Collectively, TGF-β plays a pivotal role in maintaining peripheral tolerance against self- and innocuous antigens, such as food, commensal bacteria, and fetal alloantigens, and in controlling immune responses to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shomyseh Sanjabi
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Soyoung A Oh
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
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Guangxi cobra venom-derived NGF promotes the osteogenic and therapeutic effects of porous BCP ceramic. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e312. [PMID: 28386125 PMCID: PMC5420796 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuro-osteological interactions have an important role in the regulation of bone metabolism and regeneration. Neuropeptides combined with porous biphasic calcium phosphates (BCP) using protein adsorption may contribute to the acceleration of bone formation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of BCP combined with nerve growth factor (NGF) on the growth of osteoblasts in vitro and the combinational therapeutic effect on the repair of calvarial defects in vivo. NGF was separated and purified from Chinese cobra venom using a simplified three-step chromatography method. BCP combined with NGF exerted a potent effect on osteoblast differentiation, as evidenced by enhanced cell proliferation, increased ALP activity and the up-regulated expression of osteogenesis-related genes and proteins. Further, combinational therapy with BCP and NGF improved calvarial regeneration, which was superior to treatment with therapy alone, as observed using imageological and morphological examination and histological and immunohistochemical staining. The results confirmed the effect of neuro-osteological interactions through combinatorial treatment with NGF and BCP to promote osteogenesis and bone formation, which may provide an effective and economical strategy for clinical application.
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40
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Yang D, Yu B, Sun H, Qiu L. The Roles of Histone Demethylase Jmjd3 in Osteoblast Differentiation and Apoptosis. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6030024. [PMID: 28241471 PMCID: PMC5372993 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications including histone methylation regulate gene transcription through directly affecting the structure of chromatin. Trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) is observed at the promoters of a wide variety of important genes, especially for mammalian development, and contributes to gene silencing. Demethylase Jumonji domain-containing 3 (Jmjd3) catalyzes the transition of H3K27me3 to H3K27me1, therefore from a repressive to an active status of gene expression. Jmjd3 plays important roles in cell differentiation, inflammation, and tumorigenesis by targeting distinct transcription factors. In this review, we summarize the pivotal roles of Jmjd3 in maintaining skeletal homeostasis through regulating osteoblast differentiation, maturation, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China.
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China.
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China.
| | - Lihong Qiu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China.
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41
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Lattanzi W, Barba M, Di Pietro L, Boyadjiev SA. Genetic advances in craniosynostosis. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1406-1429. [PMID: 28160402 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Craniosynostosis, the premature ossification of one or more skull sutures, is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous congenital anomaly affecting approximately one in 2,500 live births. In most cases, it occurs as an isolated congenital anomaly, that is, nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (NCS), the genetic, and environmental causes of which remain largely unknown. Recent data suggest that, at least some of the midline NCS cases may be explained by two loci inheritance. In approximately 25-30% of patients, craniosynostosis presents as a feature of a genetic syndrome due to chromosomal defects or mutations in genes within interconnected signaling pathways. The aim of this review is to provide a detailed and comprehensive update on the genetic and environmental factors associated with NCS, integrating the scientific findings achieved during the last decade. Focus on the neurodevelopmental, imaging, and treatment aspects of NCS is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Lattanzi
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Latium Musculoskeletal Tıssue Bank, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Barba
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorena Di Pietro
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Simeon A Boyadjiev
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, California
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42
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Zhai D, Xu M, Liu L, Chang J, Wu C. Silicate-based bioceramics regulating osteoblast differentiation through a BMP2 signalling pathway. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7297-7306. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01931a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Si-containing bioactive ionic products released from silicate-based bioceramics activate Smad1/5-mediated BMP2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 200050
- People's Republic of China
| | - Mengchi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 200050
- People's Republic of China
| | - Liqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 200050
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 200050
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chengtie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 200050
- People's Republic of China
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43
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Runx3 and Cell Fate Decisions in Pancreas Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:333-352. [PMID: 28299667 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The RUNX family transcription factors are critical regulators of development and frequently dysregulated in cancer. RUNX3, the least well characterized of the three family members, has been variously described as a tumor promoter or suppressor, sometimes with conflicting results and opinions in the same cancer and likely reflecting a complex role in oncogenesis. We recently identified RUNX3 expression as a crucial determinant of the predilection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cells to proliferate locally or promulgate throughout the body. High RUNX3 expression induces the production and secretion of soluble factors that support metastatic niche construction and stimulates PDA cells to migrate and invade, while simultaneously suppressing proliferation through increased expression of cell cycle regulators such as CDKN1A/p21 WAF1/CIP1 . RUNX3 expression and function are coordinated by numerous transcriptional and post-translational inputs, and interactions with diverse cofactors influence whether the resulting RUNX3 complexes enact tumor suppressive or tumor promoting programs. Understanding these exquisitely context-dependent tumor cell behaviors has the potential to inform clinical decision-making including the most appropriate timing and sequencing of local vs. systemic therapies.
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Abstract
Safe, effective approaches for bone regeneration are needed to reverse bone loss caused by trauma, disease, and tumor resection. Unfortunately, the science of bone regeneration is still in its infancy, with all current or emerging therapies having serious limitations. Unlike current regenerative therapies that use single regenerative factors, the natural processes of bone formation and repair require the coordinated expression of many molecules, including growth factors, bone morphogenetic proteins, and specific transcription factors. As will be developed in this article, future advances in bone regeneration will likely incorporate therapies that mimic critical aspects of these natural biological processes, using the tools of gene therapy and tissue engineering. This review will summarize current knowledge related to normal bone development and fracture repair, and will describe how gene therapy, in combination with tissue engineering, may mimic critical aspects of these natural processes. Current gene therapy approaches for bone regeneration will then be summarized, including recent work where combinatorial gene therapy was used to express groups of molecules that synergistically interacted to stimulate bone regeneration. Last, proposed future directions for this field will be discussed, where regulated gene expression systems will be combined with cells seeded in precise three-dimensional configurations on synthetic scaffolds to control both temporal and spatial distribution of regenerative factors. It is the premise of this article that such approaches will eventually allow us to achieve the ultimate goal of bone tissue engineering: to reconstruct entire bones with associated joints, ligaments, or sutures. Abbreviations used: BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; AER, apical ectodermal ridge; ZPA, zone of polarizing activity; PZ, progress zone; SHH, sonic hedgehog; OSX, osterix transcription factor; FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor; PMN, polymorphonuclear neutrophil; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; TGF-β, tumor-derived growth factor β; CAR, coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor; MLV, murine leukemia virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; AAV, adeno-associated virus; CAT, computer-aided tomography; CMV, cytomegalovirus; GAM, gene-activated matrix; MSC, marrow stromal cell; MDSC, muscle-derived stem cell; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Franceschi
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
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45
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Seo BS, Yoon HK, Shin J, Park HY, Lee SH, Lee JE, Yoo YC, Lee J, Kim PH, Park SR. Cloning and analysis of promoter region of mouse immunoglobulin germline γ3 transcripts. Genes Genomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-016-0450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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46
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Ojima F, Saito Y, Tsuchiya Y, Kayo D, Taniuchi S, Ogoshi M, Fukamachi H, Takeuchi S, Takahashi S. Runx3 transcription factor regulates ovarian functions and ovulation in female mice. J Reprod Dev 2016; 62:479-486. [PMID: 27301496 PMCID: PMC5081735 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the Runx3 transcription factor is expressed in the hypothalami, pituitaries, and ovaries of mice, and that
Runx3 knockout (Runx3−/−) mice are anovulatory and their uteri are atrophic. Runx3 mRNA
expression was detected in the granulosa cells of ovarian follicles, and in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and arcuate nucleus (ARC). In the
present study, we examined the effects of Runx3 knockout on the gene expression of enzymes associated with steroidogenesis. We found decreased
Cyp11a1 mRNA expression in Runx3−/− mouse ovaries compared with that in wild-type (wt) mouse ovaries at the age
of 8 weeks. In situ hybridization analysis showed that the percentages of Cyp11a1 mRNA-expressing theca cells in follicles of
Runx3−/− mice were decreased compared with those of wt mice. In accord with the alterations in
Runx3−/− mouse ovaries, Kiss1 mRNA levels in ARC were increased, whereas mRNA levels of kisspeptin in AVPV were
decreased, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the preoptic area and follicle-stimulating hormone β subunit gene were increased in
Runx3−/− mice. Following an ovarian transplantation experiment between Runx3−/− mice and wt mice,
corpora lutea were observed when ovaries from Runx3−/− mice were transplanted into wt mice, but not when those from wt mice were
transplanted into Runx3−/− mice, suggesting that Runx3 in the hypothalamo-pituitary system may drive gonadotropin release to induce
ovulation in the ovary. These findings indicate that Runx3 plays a crucial role in the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Ojima
- The Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Yamashiro T, Aberg T, Levanon D, Groner Y, Thesleff I. Expression of Runx1, -2 and -3 during tooth, palate and craniofacial bone development. Mech Dev 2016; 119 Suppl 1:S107-10. [PMID: 14516670 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(03)00101-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe the expression of three Runt-related RUNX genes (previously termed AML, Cbfa, or Pebp2alpha) Runx1 and Runx3 during the development of teeth and other craniofacial tissues and compare them to Runx2 expression reported earlier. All three genes were expressed in mesenchymal condensates. Runx1 was expressed in several cartilage primordia earlier than Runx3, and Runx2 was intense in all mesenchymal condensations of bones and teeth. Only Runx1 was expressed in epithelia, and in tooth germs transcripts were detected in outer dental epithelium. Runx1 was also intensely expressed in the midline epithelium of palatal shelves. In early tooth morphogenesis Runx3 was coexpressed with Runx2 in a thin layer of mesenchymal cells underlying dental epithelium. Unlike Runx2, Runx3 was expressed in odontoblasts. However, Runx3 mutant mice did not show obvious tooth phenotype or deviations of Runx1 and Runx2 expression patterns in the tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamashiro
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Mediator MED23 cooperates with RUNX2 to drive osteoblast differentiation and bone development. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11149. [PMID: 27033977 PMCID: PMC4821994 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
How lineage specifiers are regulated during development is an outstanding question, and the molecular regulation of osteogenic factor RUNX2 remains to be fully understood. Here we report that the Mediator subunit MED23 cooperates with RUNX2 to regulate osteoblast differentiation and bone development. Med23 deletion in mesenchymal stem cells or osteoblast precursors results in multiple bone defects similar to those observed in Runx2(+/-) mice. In vitro, Med23-deficient progenitor cells are refractory to osteoblast differentiation, and Med23 deficiency reduces Runx2-target gene activity without changing Runx2 expression. Mechanistically, MED23 binds to RUNX2 and modulates its transcriptional activity. Moreover, Med23 deficiency in osteoprogenitor cells exacerbates the skeletal abnormalities observed in Runx2(+/-) mice. Collectively, our results establish a genetic and physical interaction between RUNX2 and MED23, suggesting that MED23 constitutes a molecular node in the regulatory network of anabolic bone formation and related diseases.
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49
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Ordinary and Activated Bone Grafts: Applied Classification and the Main Features. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:365050. [PMID: 26649300 PMCID: PMC4662978 DOI: 10.1155/2015/365050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone grafts are medical devices that are in high demand in clinical practice for substitution of bone defects and recovery of atrophic bone regions. Based on the analysis of the modern groups of bone grafts, the particularities of their composition, the mechanisms of their biological effects, and their therapeutic indications, applicable classification was proposed that separates the bone substitutes into “ordinary” and “activated.” The main differential criterion is the presence of biologically active components in the material that are standardized by qualitative and quantitative parameters: growth factors, cells, or gene constructions encoding growth factors. The pronounced osteoinductive and (or) osteogenic properties of activated osteoplastic materials allow drawing upon their efficacy in the substitution of large bone defects.
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50
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Regulation of transcriptional network system during bone and cartilage development. J Oral Biosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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