1
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Cao X, Mo Y, Zhang F, Zhou Y, Liu YD, Zhong R. Reaction sites of pyrimidine bases and nucleosides during chlorination: A computational study. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142189. [PMID: 38688350 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
As important components of soluble microbial products in water, nucleobases have attracted much attention due to the high toxicity of their direct aromatic halogenated disinfection by-products (AH-DBPs) during chlorination. However, multiple halogenation sites of AH-DBPs pose challenges to identify them. In this study, reaction sites of pyrimidine bases and nucleosides during chlorination were investigated by quantum chemical computational method. The results indicate that the anion salt forms play key roles in chlorination of uracil, thymine, and their nucleosides, while neutral forms make predominant contributions to cytosine and cytidine. In view of both kinetics and thermodynamics, C5 is the most reactive site for uracil and thymine, N3/C5 and N3 for respective uridine and thymidine, N1/C5/N4 and N4 for respective cytosine and cytidine, whose estimated apparent rate constants kobs-est of ∼103, 103/102, 106/102/104, and 103 M-1 s-1, respectively, in consistent with the known experimental results. C6 in all pyrimidine compounds is hardly attacked by Cl+ in HOCl ascribed to its positive charge, but readily attacked by OH‾ in hydrolysis and the N1=C6 bond was found to possess the highest reactivity in hydrolysis among all double bonds. In addition, the structure-kinetic reactivity relationship study reveals a relatively strong correlation between lgkobs-est and APT charge in all pyrimidine compounds rather than FED2 (HOMO). The results are helpful to further understand the reactivity of various reaction sites in aromatic compounds during chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Yonghang Mo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Fuhao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yong Dong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Rugang Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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2
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Chancharoen M, Yang Z, Dalvie ED, Gubina N, Ruchirawat M, Croy RG, Fedeles BI, Essigmann JM. 5-Chloro-2'-deoxycytidine Induces a Distinctive High-Resolution Mutational Spectrum of Transition Mutations In Vivo. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:486-496. [PMID: 38394377 PMCID: PMC10952010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The biomarker 5-chlorocytosine (5ClC) appears in the DNA of inflamed tissues. Replication of a site-specific 5ClC in a viral DNA genome results in C → T mutations, which is consistent with 5ClC acting as a thymine mimic in vivo. Direct damage of nucleic acids by immune-cell-derived hypochlorous acid is one mechanism by which 5ClC could appear in the genome. A second, nonmutually exclusive mechanism involves damage of cytosine nucleosides or nucleotides in the DNA precursor pool, with subsequent utilization of the 5ClC deoxynucleotide triphosphate as a precursor for DNA synthesis. The present work characterized the mutagenic properties of 5ClC in the nucleotide pool by exposing cells to the nucleoside 5-chloro-2'-deoxycytidine (5CldC). In both Escherichia coli and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), 5CldC in the growth media was potently mutagenic, indicating that 5CldC enters cells and likely is erroneously incorporated into the genome from the nucleotide pool. High-resolution sequencing of DNA from MEFs derived from the gptΔ C57BL/6J mouse allowed qualitative and quantitative characterization of 5CldC-induced mutations; CG → TA transitions in 5'-GC(Y)-3' contexts (Y = a pyrimidine) were dominant, while TA → CG transitions appeared at a much lower frequency. The high-resolution mutational spectrum of 5CldC revealed a notable similarity to the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer mutational signatures SBS84 and SBS42, which appear in human lymphoid tumors and in occupationally induced cholangiocarcinomas, respectively. SBS84 is associated with the expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a cytosine deaminase associated with inflammation, as well as immunoglobulin gene diversification during antibody maturation. The similarity between the spectra of AID activation and 5CldC could be coincidental; however, the administration of 5CldC did induce some AID expression in MEFs, which have no inherent expression of its gene. In summary, this work shows that 5CldC induces a distinct pattern of mutations in cells. Moreover, that pattern resembles human mutational signatures induced by inflammatory processes, such as those triggered in certain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Chancharoen
- Departments
of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for Environmental
Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Chulabhorn
Research Institute and Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Zhiyu Yang
- Departments
of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for Environmental
Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Esha D. Dalvie
- Departments
of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for Environmental
Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nina Gubina
- Departments
of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for Environmental
Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mathuros Ruchirawat
- Chulabhorn
Research Institute and Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Robert G. Croy
- Departments
of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for Environmental
Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bogdan I. Fedeles
- Departments
of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for Environmental
Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John M. Essigmann
- Departments
of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for Environmental
Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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3
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Sultana S, Christeson S, Basiouny M, Rioux J, Veress L, Logue BA. Verification of chlorine exposure via LC-MS/MS analysis of base hydrolyzed chlorophenols from chlorotyrosine-protein adducts. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1235:124042. [PMID: 38354459 PMCID: PMC10939755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Inhalation of chlorine gas, with subsequent hydrolysis in the airway and lungs to form hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl), can cause pulmonary edema (i.e., fluid build-up in the lungs), pulmonary inflammation (with or without infection), respiratory failure, and death. The HOCl produced from chlorine is known to react with tyrosine to form adducts via electrophilic aromatic substitution, resulting in 3-chlorotyrosine and 3,5-dichlorotyrosine adducts. While several analysis methods are available for determining these adducts, each method has significant disadvantages. Hence, a simple and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of chlorotyrosine adducts. The sample preparation involves base hydrolysis of isolated plasma proteins to form 2-chlorophenol (CP) from monochlorotyrosine adducts and 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP), from dichlorotyrosine adducts, as markers of chlorine exposure. The chlorophenols are extracted with cyclohexane prior to UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. The method produced excellent sensitivity for 2,6-DCP with a limit of detection of 2.2 μg/kg, calibration curve linearity extending from 0.054-54 mg/kg (R2 ≥ 0.9997 and %RA > 94), and accuracy and precision of 100 ± 14 %, and <15 % relative standard deviation, respectively. The sensitivity of the method for 2-CP was relatively poor, so it was used only as a secondary marker for severe chlorine exposure. The method successfully detected elevated levels of 2,6-DCP from hypochlorite-spiked plasma protein and plasma protein isolated from chlorine-exposed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Sultana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Box 2202, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, USA
| | - Sarah Christeson
- Department of Pediatrics-Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mohamed Basiouny
- Department of Pediatrics-Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jacqueline Rioux
- Department of Pediatrics-Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Livia Veress
- Department of Pediatrics-Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brian A Logue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Box 2202, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, USA.
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Curieses Andrés CM, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Andrés Juan C, Plou FJ, Pérez-Lebeña E. From reactive species to disease development: Effect of oxidants and antioxidants on the cellular biomarkers. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23455. [PMID: 37437103 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The influence of modern lifestyle, diet, exposure to chemicals such as phytosanitary substances, together with sedentary lifestyles and lack of exercise play an important role in inducing reactive stress (RS) and disease. The imbalance in the production and scavenging of free radicals and the induction of RS (oxidative, nitrosative, and halogenative) plays an essential role in the etiology of various chronic pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. The implication of free radicals and reactive species injury in metabolic disturbances and the onset of many diseases have been accumulating for several decades, and are now accepted as a major cause of many chronic diseases. Exposure to elevated levels of free radicals can cause molecular structural impact on proteins, lipids, and DNA, as well as functional alteration of enzyme homeostasis, leading to aberrations in gene expression. Endogenous depletion of antioxidant enzymes can be mitigated using exogenous antioxidants. The current interest in the use of exogenous antioxidants as adjunctive agents for the treatment of human diseases allows a better understanding of these diseases, facilitating the development of new therapeutic agents with antioxidant activity to improve the treatment of various diseases. Here we examine the role that RS play in the initiation of disease and in the reactivity of free radicals and RS in organic and inorganic cellular components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Celia Andrés Juan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Cinquima Institute, Faculty of Sciences, Valladolid University, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Plou
- Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Arnhold J, Malle E. Halogenation Activity of Mammalian Heme Peroxidases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050890. [PMID: 35624754 PMCID: PMC9138014 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian heme peroxidases are fascinating due to their unique peculiarity of oxidizing (pseudo)halides under physiologically relevant conditions. These proteins are able either to incorporate oxidized halides into substrates adjacent to the active site or to generate different oxidized (pseudo)halogenated species, which can take part in multiple (pseudo)halogenation and oxidation reactions with cell and tissue constituents. The present article reviews basic biochemical and redox mechanisms of (pseudo)halogenation activity as well as the physiological role of heme peroxidases. Thyroid peroxidase and peroxidasin are key enzymes for thyroid hormone synthesis and the formation of functional cross-links in collagen IV during basement membrane formation. Special attention is directed to the properties, enzymatic mechanisms, and resulting (pseudo)halogenated products of the immunologically relevant proteins such as myeloperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase, and lactoperoxidase. The potential role of the (pseudo)halogenated products (hypochlorous acid, hypobromous acid, hypothiocyanite, and cyanate) of these three heme peroxidases is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Arnhold
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.A.); or (E.M.)
| | - Ernst Malle
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (J.A.); or (E.M.)
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6
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Lu K, Hsiao YC, Liu CW, Schoeny R, Gentry R, Starr TB. A Review of Stable Isotope Labeling and Mass Spectrometry Methods to Distinguish Exogenous from Endogenous DNA Adducts and Improve Dose-Response Assessments. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 35:7-29. [PMID: 34910474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains the second most frequent cause of death in human populations worldwide, which has been reflected in the emphasis placed on management of risk from environmental chemicals considered to be potential human carcinogens. The formation of DNA adducts has been considered as one of the key events of cancer, and persistence and/or failure of repair of these adducts may lead to mutation, thus initiating cancer. Some chemical carcinogens can produce DNA adducts, and DNA adducts have been used as biomarkers of exposure. However, DNA adducts of various types are also produced endogenously in the course of normal metabolism. Since both endogenous physiological processes and exogenous exposure to xenobiotics can cause DNA adducts, the differentiation of the sources of DNA adducts can be highly informative for cancer risk assessment. This review summarizes a highly applicable methodology, termed stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry (SILMS), that is superior to previous methods, as it not only provides absolute quantitation of DNA adducts but also differentiates the exogenous and endogenous origins of DNA adducts. SILMS uses stable isotope-labeled substances for exposure, followed by DNA adduct measurement with highly sensitive mass spectrometry. Herein, the utilities and advantage of SILMS have been demonstrated by the rich data sets generated over the last two decades in improving the risk assessment of chemicals with DNA adducts being induced by both endogenous and exogenous sources, such as formaldehyde, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, and ethylene oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yun-Chung Hsiao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Chih-Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rita Schoeny
- Rita Schoeny LLC, 726 Fifth Street NE, Washington, D.C. 20002, United States
| | - Robinan Gentry
- Ramboll US Consulting, Inc., Monroe, Louisiana 71201, United States
| | - Thomas B Starr
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,TBS Associates, 7500 Rainwater Road, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, United States
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7
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Das AB, Seddon AR, O'Connor KM, Hampton MB. Regulation of the epigenetic landscape by immune cell oxidants. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 170:131-149. [PMID: 33444713 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Excessive production of microbicidal oxidants by neutrophils can damage host tissue. The short-term response of cells to oxidative stress is well understood, but the mechanisms behind long-term consequences require further clarification. Epigenetic pathways mediate cellular adaptation, and are therefore a potential target of oxidative stress. Indeed, there is evidence that many proteins and metabolites involved in epigenetic pathways are redox sensitive. In this review we provide an overview of the epigenetic landscape and discuss the potential for redox regulation. Using this information, we highlight specific examples where neutrophil oxidants react with epigenetic pathway components. We also use published data from redox proteomics to map out known intersections between oxidative stress and epigenetics that may signpost helpful directions for future investigation. Finally, we discuss the role neutrophils play in adaptive pathologies with a focus on tumour initiation and progression. We hope this information will stimulate further discourse on the emerging field of redox epigenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Das
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Annika R Seddon
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Karina M O'Connor
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Mark B Hampton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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8
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Myeloperoxidase: Mechanisms, reactions and inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 218:107685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Sacre L, Pontarelli A, Bahsoun Y, Wilds CJ. Influence of C5‐Substituents on Repair of
O
4
‐Methyl Adducts of Pyrimidines by
O
6
‐Alkylguanine DNA Alkyltransferases. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauralicia Sacre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke Street West Montréal Québec H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Alexander Pontarelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke Street West Montréal Québec H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Yehya Bahsoun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke Street West Montréal Québec H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Christopher J. Wilds
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke Street West Montréal Québec H4B 1R6 Canada
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10
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Hsiao YC, Liu CW, Chi L, Yang Y, Lu K. Effects of Gut Microbiome on Carcinogenic DNA Damage. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2130-2138. [PMID: 32677427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The human intestine is host to a vast microbial community: the gut microbiome (GM). The GM has been considered as a key modulator of human health in the past decade. In particular, several studies have supported that altered GM is associated with cancer, such as colorectal cancer, adenocarcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. The formation of a DNA adduct is one of the key events in carcinogenesis, and whether GM can influence DNA adducts has yet to be examined. This study analyzed 10 DNA adducts (N2-Me-dG, N6-Me-dA, N2-Et-dG, OH-Me-dG, OH-Me-dA, N2-EtD-dG, O6-Me-dG, 1,N2-ε-dG, 8-oxo-dG, and 5-Cl-dC), attributed to various endogenous processes and physiological stressors, using highly sensitive LC-MS/MS in germ-free (GF) and conventionally raised (CONV-R) mice. Our results showed that significant differences in specific DNA adducts appeared in liver, colon, and small intestine samples between GF and CONV-R mice. The differences in adduct levels may indicate that GM can locally or systemically regulate endogenous processes including neutrophil bactericidal activity (represented by 5-Cl-dC), lipid peroxidation (1,N2-ε-dG), oxidative stress generation (8-oxo-dG), and endogenous aldehyde metabolism (OH-Me-dA). Further studies are warranted to elucidate how the GM influences endogenous process, DNA damage, and the risks of developing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chung Hsiao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Chih-Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Liang Chi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yifei Yang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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11
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Xu R, Hu Z, Wang X, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Xu J, Sun Z, Sun H, Chen J. Intramolecular Charge Transfer in 5-Halogen Cytidines Revealed by Femtosecond Time-Resolved Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2560-2567. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zhubin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zhongneng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Zhenrong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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12
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Xiang Y, Deng Z, Yang X, Shang C, Zhang X. Transformation of adenine and cytosine in chlorination - An ESI-tqMS investigation. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:505-512. [PMID: 31229711 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of chlorine with nitrogenous constituents in water is being concerned due to the formation of relatively toxic nitrogenous disinfection byproducts during chlorine disinfection. In this study, the transformation pathways of the chlorination of adenine and cytosine are proposed based on the products analysis using a collision-energy-dependent method on triple quadrupole mass spectrometry coupled with electrospray ionization. Products with multiple chlorine addition on the heterocyclic ring and on the aliphatic amine were observed during the chlorination of adenine and cytosine. The primary amine functional group in adenine and cytosine can undergo chlorine substitution to form N-chloramine and undergo hydrolysis of the C-N bond to form carbonyl derivative. The transformation of adenine and cytosine depends on pH and the chlorine to precursor (Cl/P) ratio. An 8-chloro derivative of adenine was observed at pH 4, but not at pH 7. Substitution of 1-2 chlorine atoms for the hydrogen atoms in the N-heterocyclic ring was observed during adenine chlorination compared to substitution of 1-4 chlorine atoms during cytosine chlorination. Chlorination of adenine also led to ring cleavage products. Both 5-chlorocytosine and 4-N-chlorocytosine were identified as cytosine transformation products. At pH 7 and a Cl/P molar ratio of 2, the major products of chlorination of cytosine were found to be aromatic chloro-compounds, not aliphatic N-chloramine. The results of this study are significant for understanding the transformation mechanisms of compounds containing both N-heterocyclic and primary amines due to chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhuo Deng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Chii Shang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiangru Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Kay J, Thadhani E, Samson L, Engelward B. Inflammation-induced DNA damage, mutations and cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 83:102673. [PMID: 31387777 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The relationships between inflammation and cancer are varied and complex. An important connection linking inflammation to cancer development is DNA damage. During inflammation reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are created to combat pathogens and to stimulate tissue repair and regeneration, but these chemicals can also damage DNA, which in turn can promote mutations that initiate and promote cancer. DNA repair pathways are essential for preventing DNA damage from causing mutations and cytotoxicity, but RONS can interfere with repair mechanisms, reducing their efficacy. Further, cellular responses to DNA damage, such as damage signaling and cytotoxicity, can promote inflammation, creating a positive feedback loop. Despite coordination of DNA repair and oxidative stress responses, there are nevertheless examples whereby inflammation has been shown to promote mutagenesis, tissue damage, and ultimately carcinogenesis. Here, we discuss the DNA damage-mediated associations between inflammation, mutagenesis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kay
- Department of Biological Engineering, United States.
| | | | - Leona Samson
- Department of Biological Engineering, United States; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
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14
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The science of licking your wounds: Function of oxidants in the innate immune system. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:451-457. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Mondal S, Mugesh G. Dehalogenation of Halogenated Nucleobases and Nucleosides by Organoselenium Compounds. Chemistry 2019; 25:1773-1780. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Mondal
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Govindasamy Mugesh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560012 India
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16
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Li L, Wang S, Lan H, Gong G, Zhu Y, Tse YC, Wong KM. Rhodol Derivatives as Selective Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Hg II Ions and the Bioimaging of Hypochlorous Acid. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:136-143. [PMID: 29435399 PMCID: PMC5792738 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two sensors, 1 with a spirolactone group and 2 with a spirolactam group containing a phenyl isothiocyanate moiety, based on rhodol, were designed and synthesized in order to obtain materials with excellent optical properties for the detection of environmentally and biologically important Hg2+ and hypochlorous acid (HClO) ions. The crystal structure of 1 revealed two moieties, a rhodamine-like portion with a spirolactone and a fluorescein-like portion without a spirolactone. In the absence of analyte, 1 produced an optical output with a maximum absorption and emission at 475 and 570 nm, respectively, which was attributed to the fluorescein-like moiety without a spirolactone. In contrast, the rhodamine-like moiety containing a spirolactone was activated by the addition of H+ or Hg2+ ions, and 1 yielded new absorption and emission peaks at 530 and 612 nm, respectively. Further functionalization with a phenyl isothiocyanate group afforded 2, a fluorescent probe for HClO. High selectivity and sensitivity towards the hypochlorite ion were anticipated, owing to the stoichiometric and irreversible formation of a thiosemicarbazide group, which led to dramatic fluorescence responses. With good functionality at physiological pH, probe 2 was successfully used to image HClO in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyNo. 1088, Tangchang BoulevardNanshan DistrictShenzhen518055P.R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyNo. 1088, Tangchang BoulevardNanshan DistrictShenzhen518055P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyNo. 1088, Tangchang BoulevardNanshan DistrictShenzhen518055P.R. China
| | - Guiyi Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyNo. 1088, Tangchang BoulevardNanshan DistrictShenzhen518055P.R. China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyNo. 1088, Tangchang BoulevardNanshan DistrictShenzhen518055P.R. China
| | - Yu Chung Tse
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyNo. 1088, Tangchang BoulevardNanshan DistrictShenzhen518055P.R. China
| | - Keith Man‐Chung Wong
- Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyNo. 1088, Tangchang BoulevardNanshan DistrictShenzhen518055P.R. China
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Tantry IQ, Waris S, Habib S, Khan RH, Mahmood R, Ali A. Hypochlorous acid induced structural and conformational modifications in human DNA: A multi-spectroscopic study. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 106:551-558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Kawai Y, Nuka E. Abundance of DNA adducts of 4-oxo-2-alkenals, lipid peroxidation-derived highly reactive genotoxins. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2017; 62:3-10. [PMID: 29362517 PMCID: PMC5773838 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species and their reaction products can damage DNA to form mutagenic lesions. Among the reactive species, lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes react with nucleobases and form bulky exocyclic adducts. Many types of aldehyde-derived DNA adducts have been characterized, identified and detected in vitro and in vivo, whereas relative quantitative and pathophysiological contributions of each adduct still remain unclear. In recent years, an abundant class of DNA adducts derived from 4-oxo-2-alkenals have been identified, in addition to classic aldehyde-derived adducts. The presence of 4-oxo-2-alkenal-derived DNA adducts associated with age-related diseases has been revealed in rodents and humans. In vitro studies have demonstrated that 4-oxo-2-alkenals, as compared with other classes of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes, are highly reactive with nucleobases. It has been generally recognized that 4-oxo-2-alkenals are generated through oxidative degradation of the corresponding 4-hydroperoxy-2-alkenals, homolytic degradation products of polyunsaturated fatty acid hydroperoxides. Our recent results have also shown an alternative pathway for the formation of 4-oxo-2-alkenals, in which 2-alkenals could undergo the metal-catalyzed autoxidation resulting in the formation of the corresponding 4-oxo-2-alkenals. This review summarizes the basis of the formation of lipid peroxidation-derived genotoxic aldehydes and their covalent adduction to nucleobases, especially focusing on the abundance of 4-oxo-2-alkenal-derived DNA adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshichika Kawai
- Department of Food Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Erika Nuka
- Department of Food Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Cadet J, Davies KJA, Medeiros MH, Di Mascio P, Wagner JR. Formation and repair of oxidatively generated damage in cellular DNA. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:13-34. [PMID: 28057600 PMCID: PMC5457722 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, emphasis is placed on the critical survey of available data concerning modified nucleobase and 2-deoxyribose products that have been identified in cellular DNA following exposure to a wide variety of oxidizing species and agents including, hydroxyl radical, one-electron oxidants, singlet oxygen, hypochlorous acid and ten-eleven translocation enzymes. In addition, information is provided about the generation of secondary oxidation products of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine and nucleobase addition products with reactive aldehydes arising from the decomposition of lipid peroxides. It is worth noting that the different classes of oxidatively generated DNA damage that consist of single lesions, intra- and interstrand cross-links were unambiguously assigned and quantitatively detected on the basis of accurate measurements involving in most cases high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The reported data clearly show that the frequency of DNA lesions generated upon severe oxidizing conditions, including exposure to ionizing radiation is low, at best a few modifications per 106 normal bases. Application of accurate analytical measurement methods has also allowed the determination of repair kinetics of several well-defined lesions in cellular DNA that however concerns so far only a restricted number of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cadet
- Département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4.
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, United States; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, United States
| | - Marisa Hg Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508 000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508 000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J Richard Wagner
- Département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
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20
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Noyon C, Roumeguère T, Delporte C, Dufour D, Cortese M, Desmet JM, Lelubre C, Rousseau A, Poelvoorde P, Nève J, Vanhamme L, Boudjeltia KZ, Van Antwerpen P. The presence of modified nucleosides in extracellular fluids leads to the specific incorporation of 5-chlorocytidine into RNA and modulates the transcription and translation. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 429:59-71. [PMID: 28074342 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2936-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is able to promote several kinds of damage and is involved in mechanisms leading to various diseases such as atherosclerosis or cancers. An example of these damages is the chlorination of nucleic acids, which is considered as a specific marker of the MPO activity. Since 5-chlorocytidine has been recently shown in healthy donor plasmas, this study aimed at discovering if these circulating modified nucleosides could be incorporated into RNA and DNA and if their presence impacts the ability of enzymes involved in the incorporation, transcription, and translation processes. Experimentations, which were carried out in vitro with endothelial and prostatic cells, showed a large penetration of all chloronucleosides but an exclusive incorporation of 5-chlorocytidine into RNA. However, no incorporation into DNA was observed. This specific incorporation is accompanied by an important reduction of translation yield. Although, in vitro, DNA polymerase processed in the presence of chloronucleosides but more slowly than in control conditions, ribonucleotide reductase could not reduce chloronucleotides prior to the replication. This reduction seems to be a limiting step, protecting DNA from chloronucleoside incorporation. This study shows the capacity of transcription enzyme to specifically incorporate 5-chlorocytidine into RNA and the loss of capacity-complete or partial-of different enzymes, involved in replication, transcription or translation, in the presence of chloronucleosides. Questions remain about the long-term impact of such specific incorporation in the RNA and such decrease of protein production on the cell viability and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Noyon
- Laboratory of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Roumeguère
- Department of Urology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Delporte
- Laboratory of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP205/5, Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Damien Dufour
- Laboratory of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Melissa Cortese
- Laboratory of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP205/5, Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marc Desmet
- Unit of Dialysis, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6110, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Christophe Lelubre
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6110, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Rousseau
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6110, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Philippe Poelvoorde
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Inflammation, IBMM, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Jean Nève
- Laboratory of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Vanhamme
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Inflammation, IBMM, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6110, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Laboratory of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium. .,Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP205/5, Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium.
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21
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Yu Y, Cui Y, Niedernhofer LJ, Wang Y. Occurrence, Biological Consequences, and Human Health Relevance of Oxidative Stress-Induced DNA Damage. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:2008-2039. [PMID: 27989142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A variety of endogenous and exogenous agents can induce DNA damage and lead to genomic instability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), an important class of DNA damaging agents, are constantly generated in cells as a consequence of endogenous metabolism, infection/inflammation, and/or exposure to environmental toxicants. A wide array of DNA lesions can be induced by ROS directly, including single-nucleobase lesions, tandem lesions, and hypochlorous acid (HOCl)/hypobromous acid (HOBr)-derived DNA adducts. ROS can also lead to lipid peroxidation, whose byproducts can also react with DNA to produce exocyclic DNA lesions. A combination of bioanalytical chemistry, synthetic organic chemistry, and molecular biology approaches have provided significant insights into the occurrence, repair, and biological consequences of oxidatively induced DNA lesions. The involvement of these lesions in the etiology of human diseases and aging was also investigated in the past several decades, suggesting that the oxidatively induced DNA adducts, especially bulky DNA lesions, may serve as biomarkers for exploring the role of oxidative stress in human diseases. The continuing development and improvement of LC-MS/MS coupled with the stable isotope-dilution method for DNA adduct quantification will further promote research about the clinical implications and diagnostic applications of oxidatively induced DNA adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute Florida , Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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22
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Dassanayake RS, Farhath MM, Shelley JT, Basu S, Brasch NE. Kinetic studies on the reaction of cob(II)alamin with hypochlorous acid: Evidence for one electron oxidation of the metal center and corrin ring destruction. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 163:81-87. [PMID: 27567143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic and mechanistic studies on the reaction of a major intracellular vitamin B12 form, cob(II)alamin (Cbl(II)), with hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite (HOCl/OCl-) have been carried out. Cbl(II) (Co(II)) is rapidly oxidized by HOCl to predominately aquacobalamin/hydroxycobalamin (Cbl(III), Co(III)) with a second-order rate constant of 2.4×107M-1s-1 (25.0°C). The stoichiometry of the reaction is 1:1. UHPLC/HRMS analysis of the product mixture of the reaction of Cbl(II) with 0.9mol equiv. HOCl provides support for HOCl being initially reduced to Cl and subsequent H atom abstraction from the corrin macrocycle occurring, resulting in small amounts of corrinoid species with two or four H atoms fewer than the parent cobalamin. Upon the addition of excess (H)OCl further slower reactions are observed. Finally, SDS-PAGE experiments show that HOCl-induced damage to bovine serum albumin does not occur in the presence of Cbl(II), providing support for Cbl(II) being an efficient HOCl trapping agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan S Dassanayake
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Mohamed M Farhath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Jacob T Shelley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Soumitra Basu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Nicola E Brasch
- School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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23
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Ray RS, Katyal A. Myeloperoxidase: Bridging the gap in neurodegeneration. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:611-620. [PMID: 27343997 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative conditions present a group of complex disease pathologies mostly due to unknown aetiology resulting in neuronal death and permanent neurological disability. Any undesirable stress to the brain, disrupts homeostatic balance, through a remarkable convergence of pathophysiological changes and immune dysregulation. The crosstalk between inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms results in the release of neurotoxic mediators apparently spearheaded by myeloperoxidase derived from activated microglia, astrocytes, neurons as well as peripheral inflammatory cells. These isolated entities combinedly have the potential to flare up and contribute significantly to neuropathology and disease progression. Recent, clinicopathological evidence support the association of myeloperoxidase and its cytotoxic product, hypochlorous acid in a plethora of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Multiple sclerosis, Stroke, Epilepsy etc. But the biochemical and mechanistic insights into myeloperoxidase mediated neuroinflammation and neuronal death is still an uncharted territory. The current review outlines the emerging recognition of myeloperoxidase in neurodegeneration, which may offer novel therapeutic and diagnostic targets for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Ray
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi 110 007, India.
| | - Anju Katyal
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi 110 007, India.
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24
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Göksu H, Yıldız Y, Çelik B, Yazıcı M, Kılbaş B, Şen F. Highly Efficient and Monodisperse Graphene Oxide Furnished Ru/Pd Nanoparticles for the Dehalogenation of Aryl Halides via Ammonia Borane. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haydar Göksu
- Kaynasli Vocational College; Duzce University; Düzce 81900 Turkey
| | - Yunus Yıldız
- Sen Research Group, Biochemistry Department; Faculty of Arts and Science; Dumlupınar University; Evliya Çelebi Campus 43100 Kütahya Turkey
| | - Betül Çelik
- Sen Research Group, Biochemistry Department; Faculty of Arts and Science; Dumlupınar University; Evliya Çelebi Campus 43100 Kütahya Turkey
| | - Melike Yazıcı
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; Duzce University; 81620 Duzce Turkey,
| | - Benan Kılbaş
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; Duzce University; 81620 Duzce Turkey,
| | - Fatih Şen
- Sen Research Group, Biochemistry Department; Faculty of Arts and Science; Dumlupınar University; Evliya Çelebi Campus 43100 Kütahya Turkey
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25
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Validation of a sensitive LC/MSMS method for chloronucleoside analysis in biological matrixes and its applications. Talanta 2016; 154:322-8. [PMID: 27154681 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase promotes several kinds of damage and is involved in the development of various diseases (as atherosclerosis and cancers). An example of these damage is the chlorination of nucleic acids, which is considered as a specific marker of the MPO activity on those acids. This study aimed to develop and validate a method to analyze oxidized and MPO-specific chlorinated nucleosides in biological matrixes (cells, tissues and plasma). Although a lot of methods to quantify oxidized or chlorinated nucleosides have already been established, none of them took into account all these derivatives together. The new method used a Triple Quadrupole mass spectrometer fitted with a Jet Stream electrospray ionization source. This approach has two advantages compared with existing LC/MSMS analyses: it includes MPO-induced modifications in a unique analysis and obtains a better sensitivity. Our optimized method reached LOQs of 1.50pg and 1.42pg respectively for oxoG and oxo(d)G, being 4 times more sensitive than previous methods, and LOQs of 1.39pg, 1.30pg and 63.4 fg respectively for 5-chlorocytidine, 5-chloro-2'-deoxycytidine and 8-chloroguanosine. Developed method is also 25 times more sensitive for chloroguanosine than the best existing method. Nevertheless, this method is not specific enough for 8-chloro-(2'-deoxy)adenosine analysis. Examples of applications demonstrate the interest of this validated method. Indeed analysis of plasma from healthy donors highlighted exclusively the presence of 5-chlorocytidine (1.0±0.2nM) whereas analysis of treated endothelial cells by HOCl showed chlorination of guanosine and cytidine in cytoplasmic pools and chlorination of (deoxy)cytidine in DNA and RNA. In conclusion, this study shows that 5-chloro-2'-deoxycytidine, 5-chlorocytidine and 8-chloroguanosine are good markers allowing us to detect the MPO activity in biological fluids. The robust, specific and sensitive developed method enables future studies on MPO implications in human diseases.
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26
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Kato Y. Neutrophil myeloperoxidase and its substrates: formation of specific markers and reactive compounds during inflammation. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 58:99-104. [PMID: 27013775 PMCID: PMC4788398 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase is an inflammatory enzyme that generates reactive hypochlorous acid in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and chloride ion. However, this enzyme also uses bromide ion or thiocyanate as a substrate to form hypobromous or hypothiocyanous acid, respectively. These species play important roles in host defense against the invasion of microorganisms. In contrast, these enzyme products modify biomolecules in hosts during excess inflammation, indicating that the action of myeloperoxidase is both beneficial and harmful. Myeloperoxidase uses other endogenous compounds, such as serotonin, urate, and l-tyrosine, as substrates. This broad-range specificity may have some biological implications. Target molecules of this enzyme and its products vary, including low-molecular weight thiols, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. The modified products represent biomarkers of myeloperoxidase action. Moderate inhibition of this enzyme might be critical for the prevention/modulation of excess, uncontrolled inflammatory events. Some phytochemicals inhibit myeloperoxidase, which might explain the reductive effect caused by the intake of vegetables and fruits on cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Kato
- School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, 1-1-12 Shinzaike-honcho, Himeji, Hyogo 670-0092, Japan; Research Institute of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Hyogo, 1-1-12 Shinzaike-honcho, Himeji, Hyogo 670-0092, Japan
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27
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Wang X, Zhou L, Qiang F, Wang F, Wang R, Zhao C. Development of a BODIPY-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for hypochlorous acid and its application in living cells. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 911:114-120. [PMID: 26893093 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A BODIPY-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for HOCl has been designed based on the transduction of thioether to sulfoxide function. This probe features a marked absorption and emission blue-shift upon the HOCl-promoted rapid transduction, enabling the highly selective and ratiometric detection. In addition, the probe works excellently within a wide pH range of 4-10, addressing the existing pH dependency issue. Living cells studies demonstrate that the probe is cell membrane permeable and can be employed successfully to image endogenous HOCl generation in macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhe Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Li Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Fei Qiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Feiyi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Chunchang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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28
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Liu F, Tang Y, Kuang Y, Pan D, Liu X, Yu RQ, Jiang JH. An activatable fluorescent probe with an ultrafast response and large Stokes shift for live cell bioimaging of hypochlorous acid. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22686h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel “turn-on” fluorescent probe for high selectivity, rapid detection and imaging of HOCl based on the protection of carbaldehyde with 2-mercaptoethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Yongqing Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Dan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Ru-Qin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Jian-Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
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Asahi T, Wu X, Shimoda H, Hisaka S, Harada E, Kanno T, Nakamura Y, Kato Y, Osawa T. A mushroom-derived amino acid, ergothioneine, is a potential inhibitor of inflammation-related DNA halogenation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 80:313-7. [PMID: 26338495 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1083396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO)-generated halogenating molecules, such as hypochlorous acid and hypobromous acid (HOBr), in inflammatory regions are postulated to contribute to disease progression. In this study, we showed that ergothioneine (EGT), derived from an edible mushroom, inhibited MPO activity as well as the formation of 8-bromo-2'-deoxyguanosine in vitro. The HOBr scavenging effect of EGT is higher than those of ascorbic acid and glutathione. We initially observed that the administration of Coprinus comatus, an edible mushroom containing a high amount of EGT, inhibited the UV-B-induced inflammatory responses and DNA halogenation, suggesting that EGT is a promising anti-inflammatory agent from mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Asahi
- a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama University , Okayama , Japan.,b Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- b Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan.,c HealthCare Systems Co., Ltd. , Tokyo , Japan
| | | | - Shinsuke Hisaka
- e Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy , Meijo University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Etsuko Harada
- f Iwade Research Institute of Mycology , Tsu , Japan
| | - Tomomi Kanno
- g Hokkaido University of Education , Asahikawa , Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama University , Okayama , Japan
| | - Yoji Kato
- h School of Human Science and Environment , University of Hyogo , Himeji , Japan
| | - Toshihiko Osawa
- b Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan.,i Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science , Aichi Gakuin University , Nissin , Japan
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Intrinsic mutagenic properties of 5-chlorocytosine: A mechanistic connection between chronic inflammation and cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E4571-80. [PMID: 26243878 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1507709112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During chronic inflammation, neutrophil-secreted hypochlorous acid can damage nearby cells inducing the genomic accumulation of 5-chlorocytosine (5ClC), a known inflammation biomarker. Although 5ClC has been shown to promote epigenetic changes, it has been unknown heretofore if 5ClC directly perpetrates a mutagenic outcome within the cell. The present work shows that 5ClC is intrinsically mutagenic, both in vitro and, at a level of a single molecule per cell, in vivo. Using biochemical and genetic approaches, we have quantified the mutagenic and toxic properties of 5ClC, showing that this lesion caused C→T transitions at frequencies ranging from 3-9% depending on the polymerase traversing the lesion. X-ray crystallographic studies provided a molecular basis for the mutagenicity of 5ClC; a snapshot of human polymerase β replicating across a primed 5ClC-containing template uncovered 5ClC engaged in a nascent base pair with an incoming dATP analog. Accommodation of the chlorine substituent in the template major groove enabled a unique interaction between 5ClC and the incoming dATP, which would facilitate mutagenic lesion bypass. The type of mutation induced by 5ClC, the C→T transition, has been previously shown to occur in substantial amounts both in tissues under inflammatory stress and in the genomes of many inflammation-associated cancers. In fact, many sequence-specific mutational signatures uncovered in sequenced cancer genomes feature C→T mutations. Therefore, the mutagenic ability of 5ClC documented in the present study may constitute a direct functional link between chronic inflammation and the genetic changes that enable and promote malignant transformation.
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31
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Mangerich A, Dedon PC, Fox JG, Tannenbaum SR, Wogan GN. Chemistry meets biology in colitis-associated carcinogenesis. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:958-86. [PMID: 23926919 PMCID: PMC4316682 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.832239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestine comprises an exceptional venue for a dynamic and complex interplay of numerous chemical and biological processes. Here, multiple chemical and biological systems, including the intestinal tissue itself, its associated immune system, the gut microbiota, xenobiotics, and metabolites meet and interact to form a sophisticated and tightly regulated state of tissue homoeostasis. Disturbance of this homeostasis can cause inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-a chronic disease of multifactorial etiology that is strongly associated with increased risk for cancer development. This review addresses recent developments in research into chemical and biological mechanisms underlying the etiology of inflammation-induced colon cancer. Beginning with a general overview of reactive chemical species generated during colonic inflammation, the mechanistic interplay between chemical and biological mediators of inflammation, the role of genetic toxicology, and microbial pathogenesis in disease development are discussed. When possible, we systematically compare evidence from studies utilizing human IBD patients with experimental investigations in mice. The comparison reveals that many strong pathological and mechanistic correlates exist between mouse models of colitis-associated cancer, and the clinically relevant situation in humans. We also summarize several emerging issues in the field, such as the carcinogenic potential of novel inflammation-related DNA adducts and genotoxic microbial factors, the systemic dimension of inflammation-induced genotoxicity, and the complex role of genome maintenance mechanisms during these processes. Taken together, current evidence points to the induction of genetic and epigenetic alterations by chemical and biological inflammatory stimuli ultimately leading to cancer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Mangerich
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Molecular Toxicology Group, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Peter C. Dedon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Center for Environmental Health Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - James G. Fox
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Center for Environmental Health Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Steven R. Tannenbaum
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Center for Environmental Health Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Gerald N. Wogan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Center for Environmental Health Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
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Chemical and cytokine features of innate immunity characterize serum and tissue profiles in inflammatory bowel disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E2332-41. [PMID: 23754421 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1222669110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) arises from inappropriate activation of the mucosal immune system resulting in a state of chronic inflammation with causal links to colon cancer. Helicobacter hepaticus-infected Rag2(-/-) mice emulate many aspects of human IBD, and our recent work using this experimental model highlights the importance of neutrophils in the pathology of colitis. To define molecular mechanisms linking colitis to the identity of disease biomarkers, we performed a translational comparison of protein expression and protein damage products in tissues of mice and human IBD patients. Analysis in inflamed mouse colons identified the neutrophil- and macrophage-derived damage products 3-chlorotyrosine (Cl-Tyr) and 3-nitrotyrosine, both of which increased with disease duration. Analysis also revealed higher Cl-Tyr levels in colon relative to serum in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease. The DNA chlorination damage product, 5-chloro-2'-deoxycytidine, was quantified in diseased human colon samples and found to be present at levels similar to those in inflamed mouse colons. Multivariate analysis of these markers, together with serum proteins and cytokines, revealed a general signature of activated innate immunity in human IBD. Signatures in ulcerative colitis sera were strongly suggestive of neutrophil activity, and those in Crohn disease and mouse sera were suggestive of both macrophage and neutrophil activity. These data point to innate immunity as a major determinant of serum and tissue profiles and provide insight into IBD disease processes.
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Sassa A, Kamoshita N, Matsuda T, Ishii Y, Kuraoka I, Nohmi T, Ohta T, Honma M, Yasui M. Miscoding properties of 8-chloro-2'-deoxyguanosine, a hypochlorous acid-induced DNA adduct, catalysed by human DNA polymerases. Mutagenesis 2012; 28:81-8. [PMID: 23076070 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many chronic inflammatory conditions are associated with an increased risk of cancer development. At the site of inflammation, cellular DNA is damaged by hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a potent oxidant generated by myeloperoxidase. 8-Chloro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-Cl-dG) is a major DNA adduct formed by HOCl and has been detected from the liver DNA and urine of rats administered lipopolysaccharide in an inflammation model. Thus, the 8-Cl-dG lesion may be associated with the carcinogenesis of inflamed tissues. In this study, we explored the miscoding properties of the 8-Cl-dG adduct generated by human DNA polymerases (pols). Site-specifically modified oligodeoxynucleotide containing a single 8-Cl-dG was prepared and used as a template in primer extension reactions catalysed by human pol α, ĸ or η. Primer extension reactions catalysed by pol α and ĸ in the presence of all four dNTPs were slightly retarded at the 8-Cl-dG site, while pol η readily bypassed the lesion. The fully extended products were analysed to quantify the miscoding frequency and specificity of 8-Cl-dG using two-phased polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). During the primer extension reaction in the presence of four dNTPs, pol ĸ promoted one-base deletion (6.4%), accompanied by the misincorporation of 2'-deoxyguanosine monophosphate (5.5%), dAMP (3.7%), and dTMP (3.5%) opposite the lesion. Pol α and η, on the other hand, exclusively incorporated dCMP opposite the lesion. The steady-state kinetic studies supported the results obtained from the two-phased PAGE assay. These results indicate that 8-Cl-dG is a mutagenic lesion; the miscoding frequency and specificity varies depending on the DNA polymerase used. Thus, HOCl-induced 8-Cl-dG adduct may be involved in inflammation-driven carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sassa
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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Zuo QP, Li ZJ, Hu YH, Li B, Huang LH, Wang CJ, Liu SK, Liao HQ. A Highly Sensitive Fluorescent Probe for HClO and Its Application in Live Cell Imaging. J Fluoresc 2012; 22:1201-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-012-1067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhang W, Li C, Qin J, Yang C. Water-soluble poly(p-phenylene) incorporating methoxyphenol units: Highly sensitive and selective chemodosimeters for hypochlorite. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pattison DI, Davies MJ, Hawkins CL. Reactions and reactivity of myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants: Differential biological effects of hypochlorous and hypothiocyanous acids. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:975-95. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.667566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Roumeguère T, Delree P, Van Antwerpen P, Rorive S, Vanhamme L, de Ryhove LDLK, Serteyn D, Wespes E, Vanhaerverbeek M, Boudjeltia KZ. Intriguing location of myeloperoxidase in the prostate: a preliminary immunohistochemical study. Prostate 2012; 72:507-13. [PMID: 21739466 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a member of the peroxidase-cyclooxygenase superfamily, which is secreted from stimulated leucocytes at inflammatory sites. It is well known that MPO catalyses oxidation reactions via the release of reactive halogenating and nitrating species and thus induces tissue damage. Several studies have already implicated MPO in the development of neoplasia. Chronic or recurrent prostatic inflammation has long been recognized as having the potential to initiate and promote the development of prostate cancer. The objective was to investigate whether MPO is present in the prostate. METHODS Human prostate material was obtained from biopsies, transurethral resections of the prostate (TURP), prostatic adenomectomies, and retropubic radical prostatectomies. Twenty-nine slides of normal prostate tissue, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer were reviewed by a pathologist. Immunohistochemical analysis using MPO-specific human antibody was performed to detect MPO in the prostate tissue. RESULTS Immunocytohistochemistry showed cellular colocalization of MPO in the secretory epithelial cells of the prostate with staining varying from light to strong intensity. Staining in the glandular apical snouts was often reinforced although staining of basal as well as of luminal glandular cells was also present. CONCLUSIONS We identified, for the first time, the presence of MPO at the surface of prostatic epithelial cells. In view of the pro-oxidant properties of this enzyme, further research is needed to define whether MPO contributes to the development of prostatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Th Roumeguère
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Unit 222, ULB, CHU Charleroi, Belgium.
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Nishikawa T, Miyahara E, Horiuchi M, Izumo K, Okamoto Y, Kawai Y, Kawano Y, Takeuchi T. Benzene metabolite 1,2,4-benzenetriol induces halogenated DNA and tyrosines representing halogenative stress in the HL-60 human myeloid cell line. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:62-67. [PMID: 21859636 PMCID: PMC3261936 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1103437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although benzene is known to be myelotoxic and to cause myeloid leukemia in humans, the mechanism has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVES We focused on 1,2,4-benzenetriol (BT), a benzene metabolite that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) by autoxidation, to investigate the toxicity of benzene leading to leukemogenesis. METHODS After exposing HL-60 human myeloid cells to BT, we investigated the cellular effects, including apoptosis, ROS generation, DNA damage, and protein damage. We also investigated how the cellular effects of BT were modified by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenger catalase, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) scavenger methionine, and 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide (ABAH), a myeloperoxidase (MPO)-specific inhibitor. RESULTS BT increased the levels of apoptosis and ROS, including superoxide (O2•-), H2O2, HOCl, and the hydroxyl radical (•OH). Catalase, ABAH, and methionine each inhibited the increased apoptosis caused by BT, and catalase and ABAH inhibited increases in HOCl and •OH. Although BT exposure increased halogenated DNA, this increase was inhibited by catalase, methionine, and ABAH. BT exposure also increased the amount of halogenated tyrosines; however, it did not increase 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that BT increases H2O2 intracellularly; this H2O2 is metabolized to HOCl by MPO, and this HOCl results in possibly cytotoxic binding of chlorine to DNA. Because myeloid cells copiously express MPO and because halogenated DNA may induce both genetic and epigenetic changes that contribute to carcinogenesis, halogenative stress may account for benzene-induced bone marrow disorders and myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Nishikawa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuraga-oka, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Zhang W, Liu L, Liu L, Qin J, Yang C. Water-soluble fluorene-based copolymers incorporated methoxyphenol moieties: Novel polymeric chemodosimeters for hypochlorous acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.25878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Zhang W, Guo C, Liu L, Qin J, Yang C. Naked-eye visible and fluorometric dual-signaling chemodosimeter for hypochlorous acid based on water-soluble p-methoxyphenol derivative. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:5560-3. [PMID: 21701738 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05550j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of a simple p-methoxyphenol derivative by HClO induces an intramolecular charge transfer from the end phenyl units to the middle benzoquinone, which leads to colorimetric and fluorescent changes. This detection can be run in aqueous solution with high selectivity over other reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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Takagi T, Naito Y, Okada H, Okayama T, Mizushima K, Yamada S, Fukumoto K, Inoue K, Takaoka M, Oya-Ito T, Uchiyama K, Ishikawa T, Handa O, Kokura S, Yagi N, Ichikawa H, Kato Y, Osawa T, Yoshikawa T. Identification of dihalogenated proteins in rat intestinal mucosa injured by indomethacin. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 48:178-82. [PMID: 21373273 PMCID: PMC3045693 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.10-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that activated neutrophils and their myeloperoxidase (MPO)-derived products play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-related small intestinal injury. The aim of the present study is to identify dihalogenated proteins in the small intestine on indomethacin administration. Intestinal damage was induced by subcutaneous administration of indomethacin (10 mg/kg) in male Wistar rats, and the severity of the injury was evaluated by measuring the area of visible ulcerative lesions. Tissue-associated MPO activity was measured in the intestinal mucosa as an index of neutrophil infiltration. The dihalogenated proteins were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) using novel monoclonal antibodies against dibromotyrosine (DiBrY), and they were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) peptide mass fingerprinting and a Mascot database search. Single administration of indomethacin elicited increased ulcerative area and MPO activity in the small intestine. 2D-PAGE showed an increased level of DiBrY-modified proteins in the indomethacin-induced injured intestinal mucosa and 6 modified proteins were found. Enolase-1 and albumin were found to be DiBrY modified. These proteins may be responsible for the development of neutrophil-associated intestinal injury induced by indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Takagi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Stanley NR, Pattison DI, Hawkins CL. Ability of hypochlorous acid and N-chloramines to chlorinate DNA and its constituents. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:1293-302. [PMID: 20593802 DOI: 10.1021/tx100188b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase is a heme enzyme released by activated phagocytes that is responsible for the generation of the strong oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Although HOCl has potent bactericidal properties and plays an important role in the human immune system, this oxidant also causes damage to tissues, particularly under inflammatory conditions. There is a strong link between chronic inflammation and the incidence of many cancers, which may be associated with the ability of HOCl and related oxidants such as N-chloramines to damage DNA. However, in contrast to HOCl, little is known about the reactivity of N-chloramines with DNA and its constituents. In this study, we examine the ability of HOCl and various N-chloramines to form chlorinated base products on nucleosides, nucleotides, DNA, and in cellular systems. Experiments were performed with N-chloramines formed on Nalpha-acetyl-histidine (His-C), Nalpha-acetyl-lysine (Lys-C), glycine (Gly-C), taurine (Tau-C), and ammonia (Mono-C). Treatment of DNA and related materials with HOCl and His-C resulted in the formation of 5-chloro-2'-deoxycytidine (5CldC), 8-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine (8CldA) and 8-chloro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8CldG). With the nucleosides, 8CldG was the favored product in each case, and HOCl was the most efficient chlorinating agent. 5Cl(d)C was the most abundant product on exposure of the nucleotides and DNA to HOCl and His-C, with only low levels of chlorinated products observed with Lys-C, Gly-C, Tau-C, and Mono-C. 5CldC was also formed on exposure of smooth muscle cells to either HOCl or His-C. Cellular RNA was also a target for HOCl and His-C, with evidence for the formation of 5-chloro-cytidine (5ClC). This study shows that HOCl and the model N-chloramine, His-C, are able to chlorinate cellular genetic material, which may play a role in the development of various inflammatory cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi R Stanley
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
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Pennathur S, Maitra D, Byun J, Sliskovic I, Abdulhamid I, Saed GM, Diamond MP, Abu-Soud HM. Potent antioxidative activity of lycopene: A potential role in scavenging hypochlorous acid. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:205-13. [PMID: 20388538 PMCID: PMC3416054 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lycopene, a carotenoid found in tomatoes, is a proven antioxidant that may lower the risk of certain disorders including heart disease and cancer. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is an oxidant linked to tissue oxidation in cardiovascular disease and other inflammatory disorders through its ability to modify proteins, deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and lipids. Here we show that lycopene can function as a potent scavenger of HOCl at a wide range of concentrations that span various pathophysiological and supplemental ranges. The oxidation of lycopene by HOCl was accompanied by a marked change in color, from red to colorless, of the lycopene solution, suggesting lycopene degradation. HPLC and LC-MS analysis showed that the exposure of lycopene to increasing concentrations of HOCl gave a range of metabolites resulting from oxidative cleavage of one or more C=C. The degree of degradation of lycopene (as assessed by the number and chain lengths of the various oxidative metabolites of lycopene) depends mainly on the ratio of HOCl to lycopene, suggesting that multiple molecules of HOCl are consumed per molecule of lycopene. Collectively, this work demonstrates a direct link between lycopene and HOCl scavenging and may assist in elucidating the mechanism of the protective function exerted by lycopene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Dhiman Maitra
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development
| | - Jaeman Byun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Inga Sliskovic
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development
| | - Ibrahim Abdulhamid
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Ghassan M. Saed
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development
| | - Michael P. Diamond
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development
| | - Husam M. Abu-Soud
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development
- Corresponding Author: Husam Abu-Soud, Ph.D, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, 275 E. Hancock Detroit, MI 48201, Tel. 313 577-6178, Fax. 313 577-8554,
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Asahi T, Kondo H, Masuda M, Nishino H, Aratani Y, Naito Y, Yoshikawa T, Hisaka S, Kato Y, Osawa T. Chemical and immunochemical detection of 8-halogenated deoxyguanosines at early stage inflammation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:9282-91. [PMID: 20081197 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.054213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) generates reactive halogenating species that can modify DNA. The aim of this study was to investigate the formation of 8-halogenated 2'-deoxyguanosines (8- halo-dGs) during inflammatory events. 8-Bromo-2'-dG (8-BrdG) and 8-chloro-2'-dG (8-CldG) were generated by treatment of MPO with hydrogen peroxide at physiological concentrations of Cl(-) and Br(-). The formation of 8-halo-dGs with other oxidative stress biomarkers in lipopolysaccharide-treated rats was assessed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and immunohistochemistry using a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb8B3) to 8-BrdG-conjugated keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The antibody recognized both 8-BrdG and 8-CldG. In the liver of lipopolysaccharide-treated rats, immunostaining for 8-halo-dGs, halogenated tyrosines, and MPO were increased at 8 h, whereas those of 8-oxo-2'-dG (8-OxodG) and 3-nitrotyrosine were increased at 24 h. Urinary excretion of both 8-CldG and 8-BrdG was also observed earlier than those of 8-OxodG and modified tyrosines (3-nitrotyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, and 3- bromotyrosine). Moreover, the levels of the 8-halo-dGs in urine from human diabetic patients were 8-fold higher than in healthy subjects (n = 10, healthy and diabetic, p < 0.0001), whereas there was a moderate difference in 8-OxodG between the two groups (p < 0.001). Interestingly, positive mAb8B3 antibody staining was observed in liver tissue from hepatocellular carcinoma patients but not in liver tissue from human cirrhosis patients. These data suggest that 8-halo-dGs may be potential biomarkers of early inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Asahi
- Laboratory of Food and Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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45
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Suquet C, Warren JJ, Seth N, Hurst JK. Comparative study of HOCl-inflicted damage to bacterial DNA ex vivo and within cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009; 493:135-42. [PMID: 19850004 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prospects for using bacterial DNA as an intrinsic probe for HOCl and secondary oxidants/chlorinating agents associated with it has been evaluated using both in vitro and in vivo studies. Single-strand and double-strand breaks occurred in bare plasmid DNA that had been exposed to high levels of HOCl, although these reactions were very inefficient compared to polynucleotide chain cleavage caused by the OH.-generating reagent, peroxynitrite. Plasmid nicking was not increased when intact Escherichia coli were exposed to HOCl; rather, the amount of recoverable plasmid diminished in a dose-dependent manner. At concentration levels of HOCl exceeding lethal doses, genomic bacterial DNA underwent extensive fragmentation and the amount of precipitable DNA-protein complexes increased several-fold. The 5-chlorocytosine content of plasmid and genomic DNA isolated from HOCl-exposed E. coli was also slightly elevated above controls, as measured by mass spectrometry of the deaminated product, 5-chlorouracil. However, the yields were not dose-dependent over the bactericidal concentration range. Genomic DNA recovered from E. coli that had been subjected to phagocytosis by human neutrophils occasionally showed small increases in 5-chlorocytosine content when compared to analogous cellular reactions where myeloperoxidase activity was inhibited by azide ion. Overall, the amount of isolable 5-chlorouracil from the HOCl-exposed bacterial cells was far less than the damage manifested in polynucleotide bond cleavage and cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Suquet
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
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46
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Lao VV, Herring JL, Kim CH, Darwanto A, Soto U, Sowers LC. Incorporation of 5-chlorocytosine into mammalian DNA results in heritable gene silencing and altered cytosine methylation patterns. Carcinogenesis 2009; 30:886-93. [PMID: 19279184 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytosine methylation patterns are essential for the proper control of gene expression in higher vertebrates. Although alterations in methylation patterns are frequently observed in human tumors, neither the mechanisms for establishing methylation patterns during normal development nor the mechanisms leading to pathological alterations of methylation patterns are currently known. While epidemiological studies have implicated inflammation in cancer etiology, a mechanistic link has yet to be established. Investigations of inflammation-mediated DNA damage may have provided important new insights. Our in vitro studies revealed that the inflammation-mediated DNA damage product, 5-chlorocytosine, could direct fraudulent methylation of previously unmethylated CpG sites. The purpose of this study was to recapitulate our in vitro findings by introducing 5-chlorocytosine residues into the DNA of replicating mammalian cells and to examine its impact on gene expression and cytosine methylation patterns. CHO-K1 cells hemizygous for the hprt gene were electroporated with the triphosphates of cytosine [2'-deoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate (dCTP)], 5-methylcytosine [5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate (MedCTP)] and 5'-chloro-2'-deoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate (CldCTP), and then selected with 6-thioguanine for silencing the hprt gene. Both modified nucleotides, MedCTP and CldCTP, but not unmodified dCTP, silenced hprt gene expression. Subsequent bisulfite pyrosequencing of CpG sites within the hprt promoter region of the selected cells confirmed hypermethylation, although global methylation levels as measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry did not change. Modified nucleotide-induced gene silencing could be reversed with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine indicating an epigenetic rather than mutagenic alteration. These results provide further evidence that the inflammation damage product 5-chlorocytosine could be a link between inflammation and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Valinluck Lao
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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47
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Vrček V, Meštrić H. Chlorination of ammonia and aliphatic amines by Cl2: DFT study of medium and substituent effects. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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48
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Kang JI, Sowers LC. Examination of hypochlorous acid-induced damage to cytosine residues in a CpG dinucleotide in DNA. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:1211-8. [PMID: 18826175 DOI: 10.1021/tx800037h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation-mediated, neutrophil-derived hypochlorous acid can damage DNA and result in the chlorination damage products 5-chlorocytosine and 5-chlorouracil as well as the oxidation damage products 5-hydroxycytosine and 5-hydroxyuracil. While 5-chlorocytosine could potentially perturb epigenetic signals if formed at a CpG dinucleotide, the remaining products are miscoding and could result in transition mutations. In this article, we have investigated the reaction of hypochlorous acid with an oligonucleotide site-specifically enriched with 15N to probe the reactivity of cytosine at CpG. These experiments demonstrate directly the formation of 5-chlorocytosine at a CpG dinucleotide in duplex DNA. We observe that chlorination relative to oxidation damage is greater at CpG by a factor of approximately two, whereas similar amounts of 5-chlorocytosine and 5-hydroxycytosine are formed at two non-CpG sites examined. The relative amounts of deamination of the cytosine to uracil derivatives are similar at CpG and non-CpG sites. Overall, we observe that the reactivity of cytosine at CpG and non-CpG sites toward hypochlorous acid induced damage is similar (5-chlorocytosine > 5-hydroxycytosine > 5-hydroxyuracil > 5-chlorouracil), with a greater proportion of chlorination damage at CpG sites. These results are in accord with the potential of inflammation-mediated DNA damage to both induce transition mutations and to perturb epigenetic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph I Kang
- Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, USA
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Kawai Y, Matsui Y, Kondo H, Morinaga H, Uchida K, Miyoshi N, Nakamura Y, Osawa T. Galloylated Catechins as Potent Inhibitors of Hypochlorous Acid-induced DNA Damage. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:1407-14. [DOI: 10.1021/tx800069e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshichika Kawai
- Laboratory of Food Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, Department of Food Science, Graduate School of Nutrition and Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan, and Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Division of Bioscience, Graduate School of Natural Science and
| | - Yuri Matsui
- Laboratory of Food Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, Department of Food Science, Graduate School of Nutrition and Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan, and Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Division of Bioscience, Graduate School of Natural Science and
| | - Hajime Kondo
- Laboratory of Food Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, Department of Food Science, Graduate School of Nutrition and Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan, and Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Division of Bioscience, Graduate School of Natural Science and
| | - Hiroshi Morinaga
- Laboratory of Food Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, Department of Food Science, Graduate School of Nutrition and Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan, and Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Division of Bioscience, Graduate School of Natural Science and
| | - Koji Uchida
- Laboratory of Food Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, Department of Food Science, Graduate School of Nutrition and Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan, and Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Division of Bioscience, Graduate School of Natural Science and
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Food Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, Department of Food Science, Graduate School of Nutrition and Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan, and Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Division of Bioscience, Graduate School of Natural Science and
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Laboratory of Food Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, Department of Food Science, Graduate School of Nutrition and Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan, and Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Division of Bioscience, Graduate School of Natural Science and
| | - Toshihiko Osawa
- Laboratory of Food Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, Department of Food Science, Graduate School of Nutrition and Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan, and Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Division of Bioscience, Graduate School of Natural Science and
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50
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Kang JI, Neidigh JW. Hypochlorous acid damages histone proteins forming 3-chlorotyrosine and 3,5-dichlorotyrosine. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:1028-38. [PMID: 18452314 DOI: 10.1021/tx7003486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While the last 30 years chronicles an extensive effort to understand the damage to DNA caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), little research has examined the chemical damage to the histone proteins found in chromatin. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), the primary product of activated neutrophils, is known to damage both DNA and proteins. This article describes the use of mass spectrometry to quantitate the formation of 3-chlorotyrosine and 3,5-dichlorotyrosine, stable and unique markers of protein damage caused by HOCl, in the core histone proteins. Our results indicate that up to 25% of the tyrosine in histone proteins become chlorinated by excess HOCl. We also observe significant formation of 3-chlorotyrosine and 3,5-dichlorotyrosine at low HOCl concentrations and short reaction times. We use mass spectrometry to identify the tyrosine residues on each histone protein that are chlorinated based on the observation of chlorine-containing peptides following protease digestion of histone proteins exposed to HOCl. The tyrosine residues preferentially chlorinated by HOCl are generally within three residues of a lysine or histidine residue, further implicating the initial formation of chloramines in the efficient chlorination of tyrosine residues. The methods and results described here should further our understanding of how HOCl produced at sites of inflammation might damage chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph I Kang
- Department of Basic Sciences, Biochemistry Division, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, USA.
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