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Gao R, Zhu L, Zhang W, Jin W, Bai F, Xu P, Wang J, Sun Q, Guo Z, Yuan L. Novel Peptides from Sturgeon Ovarian Protein Hydrolysates Prevent Oxidative Stress-Induced Dysfunction in Osteoblast Cells: Purification, Identification, and Characterization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10076-10088. [PMID: 38629202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore antioxidant peptides derived from sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) ovaries that exhibit antiosteoporotic effects in oxidative-induced MC3T3-E1 cells. The F3-15 component obtained from sturgeon ovarian protein hydrolysates (SOPHs) via gel filtration and RP-HPLC significantly increased the cell survival rate (from 49.38 ± 2.88 to 76.26 ± 2.09%). Two putative antioxidant-acting peptides, FDWDRL (FL6) and FEGPPFKF (FF8), were screened from the F3-15 faction via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and through prediction by computer simulations. Molecular docking results indicated that the possible antioxidant mechanisms of FL6 and FF8 involved blocking the active site of human myeloperoxidase (hMPO). The in vitro tests showed that FL6 and FF8 were equally adept at reducing intracellular ROS levels, increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and protecting cells from oxidative injuries by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and activating the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) signaling pathway. Moreover, both peptides could increase differentiation and mineralization abilities in oxidatively damaged MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, FF8 exhibited high resistance to pepsin and trypsin, showcasing potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
- Bio-resources Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Wengang Jin
- Bio-resources Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Quzhou Xunlong Aquatic Products Sci-tech Development Co., Ltd., Quzhou, Zhe Jiang 324000, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Quzhou Xunlong Aquatic Products Sci-tech Development Co., Ltd., Quzhou, Zhe Jiang 324000, China
| | - Jinlin Wang
- Quzhou Xunlong Aquatic Products Sci-tech Development Co., Ltd., Quzhou, Zhe Jiang 324000, China
| | - Quancai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Zitao Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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2
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Tran NH, Mosa FES, Barakat K, El-Kadi AOS, Whittal R, Siraki AG. Comparing the oxidative functions of neutrophil myeloperoxidase and cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug metabolism. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 392:110942. [PMID: 38458309 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Drug metabolism is an essential process that chemically alters xenobiotic substrates to activate or terminate drug activity. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a neutrophil-derived haem-containing enzyme that is involved in killing invading pathogens, although consequentially, this same oxidative activity can produce metabolites that damage host tissue and play a role in various human pathologies. Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are a superfamily of haem-containing enzymes that are significantly involved in the metabolism of drugs by functioning as monooxygenases and can be induced or inhibited, resulting in significant drug-drug interactions that lead to unanticipated adverse drug reactions. In this review, the functions of drug metabolism of MPO and CYPs are explored, along with their involvement and association for common enzymatic pathways by certain xenobiotics. MPO and CYPs metabolize numerous xenobiotics, although few reported studies have made a direct comparison between both enzymes. Additionally, we employed molecular docking to compare the active site and haem prosthetic group of MPO and CYPs, supporting their similar catalytic activities. Furthermore, we performed LCMS analysis and observed a shared hydroxylated mefenamic acid metabolite produced in both enzymatic systems. A proper understanding of the enzymology and mechanisms of action of MPO and CYPs is of significant importance when enhancing the beneficial functions of drugs in health and diminishing their damaging effects on diseases. Therefore, awareness of drugs and xenobiotic substrates involved in MPO and CYPs metabolism pathways will add to the knowledge base to foresee and prevent potential drug interactions and adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Newton H Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Farag E S Mosa
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Khaled Barakat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Randy Whittal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Arno G Siraki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Khramova YV, Katrukha VA, Chebanenko VV, Kostyuk AI, Gorbunov NP, Panasenko OM, Sokolov AV, Bilan DS. Reactive Halogen Species: Role in Living Systems and Current Research Approaches. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:S90-S111. [PMID: 38621746 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924140062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Reactive halogen species (RHS) are highly reactive compounds that are normally required for regulation of immune response, inflammatory reactions, enzyme function, etc. At the same time, hyperproduction of highly reactive compounds leads to the development of various socially significant diseases - asthma, pulmonary hypertension, oncological and neurodegenerative diseases, retinopathy, and many others. The main sources of (pseudo)hypohalous acids are enzymes from the family of heme peroxidases - myeloperoxidase, lactoperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase, and thyroid peroxidase. Main targets of these compounds are proteins and peptides, primarily methionine and cysteine residues. Due to the short lifetime, detection of RHS can be difficult. The most common approach is detection of myeloperoxidase, which is thought to reflect the amount of RHS produced, but these methods are indirect, and the results are often contradictory. The most promising approaches seem to be those that provide direct registration of highly reactive compounds themselves or products of their interaction with components of living cells, such as fluorescent dyes. However, even such methods have a number of limitations and can often be applied mainly for in vitro studies with cell culture. Detection of reactive halogen species in living organisms in real time is a particularly acute issue. The present review is devoted to RHS, their characteristics, chemical properties, peculiarities of interaction with components of living cells, and methods of their detection in living systems. Special attention is paid to the genetically encoded tools, which have been introduced recently and allow avoiding a number of difficulties when working with living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya V Khramova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Veronika A Katrukha
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Victoria V Chebanenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alexander I Kostyuk
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | | | - Oleg M Panasenko
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Alexey V Sokolov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, 197022, Russia.
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Bilan
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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4
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Clemen R, Minkus L, Singer D, Schulan P, von Woedtke T, Wende K, Bekeschus S. Multi-Oxidant Environment as a Suicidal Inhibitor of Myeloperoxidase. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1936. [PMID: 38001789 PMCID: PMC10668958 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue inflammation drives the infiltration of innate immune cells that generate reactive species to kill bacteria and recruit adaptive immune cells. Neutrophil activation fosters the release of myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme, a heme-containing protein generating hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chloride ions. MPO-dependent oxidant formation initiates bioactive oxidation and chlorination products and induces oxidative post-translational modifications (oxPTMs) on proteins and lipid oxidation. Besides HOCl and H2O2, further reactive species such as singlet oxygen and nitric oxide are generated in inflammation, leading to modified proteins, potentially resulting in their altered bioactivity. So far, knowledge about multiple free radical-induced modifications of MPO and its effects on HOCl generation is lacking. To mimic this multi-oxidant microenvironment, human MPO was exposed to several reactive species produced simultaneously via argon plasma operated at body temperature. Several molecular gas admixes were used to modify the reactive species type profiles generated. MPO was investigated by studying its oxPTMs, changes in protein structure, and enzymatic activity. MPO activity was significantly reduced after treatment with all five tested plasma gas conditions. Dynamic light scattering and CD-spectroscopy revealed altered MPO protein morphology indicative of oligomerization. Using mass spectrometry, various oxPTMs, such as +1O, +2O, and +3O, were determined on methionine and cysteine (Cys), and -1H-1N+1O was detected in asparagine (Asp). The modification types identified differed between argon-oxygen and argon-nitrogen plasmas. However, all plasma gas conditions led to the deamidation of Asp and oxidation of Cys residues, suggesting an inactivation of MPO due to oxPTM-mediated conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Clemen
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lara Minkus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Debora Singer
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Paul Schulan
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Greifswald University Medical Center, Sauerbruchstr., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristian Wende
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Céré C, Delord B, Kenfack Ymbe P, Vimbert L, Chapel JP, Stines-Chaumeil C. A Bacterial Myeloperoxidase with Antimicrobial Properties. BIOTECH 2023; 12:biotech12020033. [PMID: 37218750 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The four mammalian peroxidases (myeloperoxidase, eosinophilperoxidase, lactoperoxidase, and thyroid peroxidase) are widely studied in the literature. They catalyze the formation of antimicrobial compounds and participate in innate immunity. Owing to their properties, they are used in many biomedical, biotechnological, and agro-food applications. We decided to look for an enzyme that is easiest to produce and much more stable at 37 °C than mammalian peroxidases. To address this question, a peroxidase from Rhodopirellula baltica, identified by bioinformatics tools, was fully characterized in this study. In particular, a production and purification protocol including the study of heme reconstitution was developed. Several activity tests were also performed to validate the hypothesis that this peroxidase is a new homolog of mammalian myeloperoxidase. It has the same substrate specificities as the human one and accepts I-, SCN-, Br-, and Cl- as (pseudo-) halides. It also exhibits other auxiliary activities such as catalase and classical peroxidase activities, and it is very stable at 37 °C. Finally, this bacterial myeloperoxidase can kill the Escherichia coli strain ATCC25922, which is usually used to perform antibiograms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Céré
- CNRS, University of Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR5031, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Brigitte Delord
- CNRS, University of Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR5031, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Parfait Kenfack Ymbe
- CNRS, University of Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR5031, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Léa Vimbert
- CNRS, University of Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR5031, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Jean-Paul Chapel
- CNRS, University of Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR5031, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Claire Stines-Chaumeil
- CNRS, University of Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR5031, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, F-33600 Pessac, France
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6
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Yanai K, Hada M, Fujii H. Electric field effect of positive and negative charges of substituents on electronic structure and reactivity of oxoiron(IV) porphyrin π-cation radical complex. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 244:112208. [PMID: 37037142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Electric field effect by the positive and negative changes near the active site is an important factor for controlling the reactivity of metalloenzymes. Previously, we reported that the positive charge of the N-methyl-2-pyridinium cation increases the reactivity of oxoiron(IV) porphyrin π-cation radical complex (Compound I), due to the attractive Coulomb interaction with electrons in Compound I. To further investigate the electric field effect, we study here the effect of the negative charge of the sulfonate group on the electronic structure and reactivity using Compound I of meso-tetrakis(2,4,6-trimethyl-3-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TMPS-I). Although Compound I has been known as a very unstable complex, TMPS-I is very stable in 0.1 M acetate buffer at pH = 6. The half-life of TMPS-I is estimated to be 6.9 × 103 s, which is the longest in Compound I previously reported. The redox potential of TMPS-I is estimated to be 0.76 V vs SCE in phosphate buffer, pH = 10. Kinetic analysis with stopped-flow technique indicates TMPS-I is less reactive than Compounds I reported previously. However, 1H NMR and EPR spectra of TMPS-I are very close to those of Compounds I reported previously. The DFT calculations show that the orbital energy of Compound I is drastically altered by the positive and negative charges on the meso-phenyl group, suggesting the electric field effect. The difference of the reactivity of Compound I can be rationalized with the change of the orbital energy caused by the intramolecular electric field effect of the positive and negative charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Yanai
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
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Ramos DR, Furtmüller PG, Obinger C, Peña-Gallego Á, Pérez-Juste I, Santaballa JA. Common Reactivity and Properties of Heme Peroxidases: A DFT Study of Their Origin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020303. [PMID: 36829861 PMCID: PMC9952403 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic structure calculations using the density-functional theory (DFT) have been performed to analyse the effect of water molecules and protonation on the heme group of peroxidases in different redox (ferric, ferrous, compounds I and II) and spin states. Shared geometries, spectroscopic properties at the Soret region, and the thermodynamics of peroxidases are discussed. B3LYP and M06-2X density functionals with different basis sets were employed on a common molecular model of the active site (Fe-centred porphine and proximal imidazole). Computed Gibbs free energies indicate that the corresponding aquo complexes are not thermodynamically stable, supporting the five-coordinate Fe(III) centre in native ferric peroxidases, with a water molecule located at a non-bonding distance. Protonation of the ferryl oxygen of compound II is discussed in terms of thermodynamics, Fe-O bond distances, and redox properties. It is demonstrated that this protonation is necessary to account for the experimental data, and computed Gibbs free energies reveal pKa values of compound II about 8.5-9.0. Computation indicates that the general oxidative properties of peroxidase intermediates, as well as their reactivity towards water and protons and Soret bands, are mainly controlled by the iron porphyrin and its proximal histidine ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Ramos
- Chemical Reactivity & Photoreactivity Group (React!), Department of Chemistry, CICA & Faculty of Sciences, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.R.R.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Paul G. Furtmüller
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Obinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ángeles Peña-Gallego
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Pérez-Juste
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - J. Arturo Santaballa
- Chemical Reactivity & Photoreactivity Group (React!), Department of Chemistry, CICA & Faculty of Sciences, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.R.R.); (J.A.S.)
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8
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Shen Y, Zhang X, Zhang C, Tang Y. An ESIPT-based reversible ratiometric fluorescent sensor for detecting HClO/H 2S redox cycle in living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 285:121881. [PMID: 36152505 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
HClO and H2S, as two kinds of crucial small biomolecules, are endowed various roles in biological organisms. The redox balance between HClO and H2S is closely related to the physiological and pathological processes. Thus, it is significant to monitor the redox process between HClO and H2S. Inspired by the advantages of ratiometric fluorescent probes, we firstly developed a reversible ratiometric fluorescent probe (BT-Se) for HClO and H2S via combination of phenyl selenide as the response group and 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole dye as the fluorophore. The proposed probe BT-Se could detect HClO with well-separated dual emission (110 nm), fast response, good selectivity and sensitivity owing to the oxidation reaction of the Se atom induced by HClO. Moreover, only H2S could effectively recover the fluorescence of the detection system to the original state via H2S induced-reduction of selenoxide. Cell imaging studies demonstrated that the probe BT-Se was capable of ratiometric monitoring the changes of intracellular HClO/H2S, which suggested that it has great potential for researching the biological functions of HClO and H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Shen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Treatment Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, PR China.
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Treatment Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, PR China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Treatment Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, PR China
| | - Yucai Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Treatment Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, PR China
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9
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Rizo-Téllez SA, Sekheri M, Filep JG. Myeloperoxidase: Regulation of Neutrophil Function and Target for Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112302. [PMID: 36421487 PMCID: PMC9687284 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant white blood cells in humans, are critical for host defense against invading pathogens. Equipped with an array of antimicrobial molecules, neutrophils can eradicate bacteria and clear debris. Among the microbicide proteins is the heme protein myeloperoxidase (MPO), stored in the azurophilic granules, and catalyzes the formation of the chlorinating oxidant HOCl and other oxidants (HOSCN and HOBr). MPO is generally associated with killing trapped bacteria and inflicting collateral tissue damage to the host. However, the characterization of non-enzymatic functions of MPO suggests additional roles for this protein. Indeed, evolving evidence indicates that MPO can directly modulate the function and fate of neutrophils, thereby shaping immunity. These actions include MPO orchestration of neutrophil trafficking, activation, phagocytosis, lifespan, formation of extracellular traps, and MPO-triggered autoimmunity. This review scrutinizes the multifaceted roles of MPO in immunity, focusing on neutrophil-mediated host defense, tissue damage, repair, and autoimmunity. We also discuss novel therapeutic approaches to target MPO activity, expression, or MPO signaling for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A. Rizo-Téllez
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Meriem Sekheri
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - János G. Filep
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-252-3400 (ext. 4662)
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10
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Leitgeb U, Furtmüller PG, Hofbauer S, Brito JA, Obinger C, Pfanzagl V. The staphylococcal inhibitory protein SPIN binds to human myeloperoxidase with picomolar affinity but only dampens halide oxidation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102514. [PMID: 36150500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) is one of the key players in the neutrophil-mediated killing of invading pathogens as part of the innate immune system. MPO generates antimicrobial oxidants which indiscriminately and effectively kill phagocytosed pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus however is able to escape this fate, in part by secreting a small protein called SPIN (Staphylococcal Peroxidase Inhibitor), which specifically targets and inhibits MPO in a structurally complex manner. Here we present the first crystal structures of the complex of SPIN-aureus and a truncated version (SPIN-truncated) with mature dimeric leukocyte MPO. We unravel the contributions of the two domains to the kinetics and thermodynamics of SPIN-aureus binding to MPO by using a broad array of complementary biochemical and biophysical methods. The C-terminal "recognition" domain is shown to mediate specific binding to MPO, while interaction of the N-terminal "inhibitory" domain is guided mainly by hydrophobic effects and thus is less sequence-dependent. We found that inhibition of MPO is achieved by reducing substrate migration, but SPIN-aureus cannot completely block MPO activity. Its' effectiveness is inversely related to substrate size, with no discernible dependence on other factors. Thus, SPIN-aureus is an extremely high-affinity inhibitor and highly efficient for substrates larger than halogens. As aberrant MPO activity is implicated in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases, SPIN-aureus is the first promising protein inhibitor for specific inhibition of human MPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Leitgeb
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul G Furtmüller
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Hofbauer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jose A Brito
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Christian Obinger
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vera Pfanzagl
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Wu C, Wu Y, He X, Hong R, Lee H, Feng K, Ping‐Yu Chen P. Modeling Heme Peroxidase: Heme Saddling Facilitates Reactions with Hyperperoxides To Form High‐Valent Fe
IV
‐Oxo Species. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201139. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐Quan Wu
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist. Taichung City 402 Taiwan (R.O.C
| | - Yi‐Wen Wu
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist. Taichung City 402 Taiwan (R.O.C
| | - Xuan‐Han He
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist. Taichung City 402 Taiwan (R.O.C
| | - Ruo‐Ting Hong
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist. Taichung City 402 Taiwan (R.O.C
| | - Hao‐Chien Lee
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist. Taichung City 402 Taiwan (R.O.C
| | - Kang‐Yen Feng
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist. Taichung City 402 Taiwan (R.O.C
| | - Peter Ping‐Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist. Taichung City 402 Taiwan (R.O.C
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12
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Krawczyk L, Semwal S, Soubhye J, Lemri Ouadriri S, Prévost M, Van Antwerpen P, Roos G, Bouckaert J. Native glycosylation and binding of the antidepressant paroxetine in a low-resolution crystal structure of human myeloperoxidase. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2022; 78:1099-1109. [PMID: 36048150 PMCID: PMC9435594 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798322007082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Human myeloperoxidase (MPO) utilizes hydrogen peroxide to oxidize organic compounds and as such plays an essential role in cell-component synthesis, in metabolic and elimination pathways, and in the front-line defence against pathogens. Moreover, MPO is increasingly being reported to play a role in inflammation. The enzymatic activity of MPO has also been shown to depend on its glycosylation. Mammalian MPO crystal structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) present only a partial identification of their glycosylation. Here, a newly obtained crystal structure of MPO containing four disulfide-linked dimers and showing an elaborate collection of glycans is reported. These are compared with the glycans identified in proteomics studies and from 18 human MPO structures available in the PDB. The crystal structure also contains bound paroxetine, a blocker of serotonin reuptake that has previously been identified as an irreversible inhibitor of MPO, in the presence of thiocyanate, a physiological substrate of MPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Krawczyk
- UGSF, CNRS, 50 Avenue de Halley, 59658 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Shubham Semwal
- UGSF, CNRS, 50 Avenue de Halley, 59658 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Jalal Soubhye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Martin Prévost
- Structure et Fonction des Membranes Biologiques, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Goedele Roos
- UGSF, CNRS, 50 Avenue de Halley, 59658 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Julie Bouckaert
- UGSF, CNRS, 50 Avenue de Halley, 59658 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
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13
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Liu D, Saikam V, Skrada KA, Merlin D, Iyer SS. Inflammatory bowel disease biomarkers. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1856-1887. [PMID: 35603998 PMCID: PMC10321231 DOI: 10.1002/med.21893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized as chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, which includes two main subtypes, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Endoscopy combined with biopsy is the most effective way to establish IBD diagnosis and disease management. Imaging techniques have also been developed to monitor IBD. Although effective, the methods are expensive and invasive, which leads to pain and discomfort. Alternative noninvasive biomarkers are being explored as tools for IBD prognosis and disease management. This review focuses on novel biomarkers that have emerged in recent years. These serological biomarkers and microRNAs could potentially be used for disease management in IBD, thereby decreasing patient discomfort and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, 788 Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Varma Saikam
- Department of Chemistry, 788 Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Katie A Skrada
- Department of Chemistry, 788 Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Didier Merlin
- 790 Petit Science Center, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Suri S Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, 788 Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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14
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Potential effect of novel thiadiazole derivatives against radiation induced inflammation with low cardiovascular risk in rats. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of the present study is to explore new selective anti-inflammatory compounds with low cardiovascular risk. Twelve thiadiazole derivatives incorporating different amino acid moieties were newly synthesized (4–15) as potential anti-inflammatory agents with low cardiovascular risks through dual COX-2/MPO inhibition. Compounds were initially screened for their anti-inflammatory effect by assay of COX-2, the most potent (4–6, 8) were further tested for COX-1 inhibition, myeloperoxidase MPO activity as well as total nitric oxide content NO in heart of irradiated rats. Cardiac toxicity potential was evaluated by assay of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), troponin-I (Tn-I) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Celcoxcib was used as reference drug. S-(5-((4-Methoxybenzylidene)amino)-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)2-amino propanethioate (5) was the most potent anti-inflammatory with the least cardiotoxicity effect. It exhibited IC50 0.09 µM on COX-2 inhibition with very low activity on COX-1. Troponin I was elevated by 11% using compound 5 in non-irradiated rats. Moreover, compound (5) showed 73% reduction in MPO level. Results were supported by molecular docking into the active sites of COX-2 and MPO enzymes to have more insights about the possible dual inhibition of compound 5 of both enzymes.
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15
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Prediction of the Effects of Missense Mutations on Human Myeloperoxidase Protein Stability Using In Silico Saturation Mutagenesis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081412. [PMID: 36011324 PMCID: PMC9407467 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme peroxidase with microbicidal properties. MPO plays a role in the host's innate immunity by producing reactive oxygen species inside the cell against foreign organisms. However, there is little functional evidence linking missense mutations to human diseases. We utilized in silico saturation mutagenesis to generate and analyze the effects of 10,811 potential missense mutations on MPO stability. Our results showed that ~71% of the potential missense mutations destabilize MPO, and ~8% stabilize the MPO protein. We showed that G402W, G402Y, G361W, G402F, and G655Y would have the highest destabilizing effect on MPO. Meanwhile, D264L, G501M, D264H, D264M, and G501L have the highest stabilization effect on the MPO protein. Our computational tool prediction showed the destabilizing effects in 13 out of 14 MPO missense mutations that cause diseases in humans. We also analyzed putative post-translational modification (PTM) sites on the MPO protein and mapped the PTM sites to disease-associated missense mutations for further analysis. Our analysis showed that R327H associated with frontotemporal dementia and R548W causing generalized pustular psoriasis are near these PTM sites. Our results will aid further research into MPO as a biomarker for human complex diseases and a candidate for drug target discovery.
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16
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Arnhold J, Malle E. Halogenation Activity of Mammalian Heme Peroxidases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050890. [PMID: 35624754 PMCID: PMC9138014 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian heme peroxidases are fascinating due to their unique peculiarity of oxidizing (pseudo)halides under physiologically relevant conditions. These proteins are able either to incorporate oxidized halides into substrates adjacent to the active site or to generate different oxidized (pseudo)halogenated species, which can take part in multiple (pseudo)halogenation and oxidation reactions with cell and tissue constituents. The present article reviews basic biochemical and redox mechanisms of (pseudo)halogenation activity as well as the physiological role of heme peroxidases. Thyroid peroxidase and peroxidasin are key enzymes for thyroid hormone synthesis and the formation of functional cross-links in collagen IV during basement membrane formation. Special attention is directed to the properties, enzymatic mechanisms, and resulting (pseudo)halogenated products of the immunologically relevant proteins such as myeloperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase, and lactoperoxidase. The potential role of the (pseudo)halogenated products (hypochlorous acid, hypobromous acid, hypothiocyanite, and cyanate) of these three heme peroxidases is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Arnhold
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.A.); or (E.M.)
| | - Ernst Malle
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (J.A.); or (E.M.)
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17
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Maiti BK. Cross‐talk Between (Hydrogen)Sulfite and Metalloproteins: Impact on Human Health. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104342. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biplab K Maiti
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Ravangla Campus Barfung Block, Ravangla Sub Division South Sikkim 737139 India
- Department of Chemistry Cluster University of Jammu Canal Road Jammu 180001
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18
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Zhang N, Aiyasiding X, Li WJ, Liao HH, Tang QZ. Neutrophil degranulation and myocardial infarction. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:50. [PMID: 35410418 PMCID: PMC8996539 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common cardiac emergencies with high morbidity and is a leading cause of death worldwide. Since MI could develop into a life-threatening emergency and could also seriously affect the life quality of patients, continuous efforts have been made to create an effective strategy to prevent the occurrence of MI and reduce MI-related mortality. Numerous studies have confirmed that neutrophils play important roles in inflammation and innate immunity, which provide the first line of defense against microorganisms by producing inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, releasing reactive oxygen species, and degranulating components of neutrophil cytoplasmic granules to kill pathogens. Recently, researchers reported that neutrophils are closely related to the severity and prognosis of patients with MI, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in post-MI patients had predictive value for major adverse cardiac events. Neutrophils have been increasingly recognized to exert important functions in MI. Especially, granule proteins released by neutrophil degranulation after neutrophil activation have been suggested to involve in the process of MI. This article reviewed the current research progress of neutrophil granules in MI and discusses neutrophil degranulation associated diagnosis and treatment strategies. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiahenazi Aiyasiding
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Han Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Abendroth J, Buchko GW, Liew FN, Nguyen JN, Kim HJ. Structural Characterization of Cytochrome c'β-Met from an Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterium. Biochemistry 2022; 61:563-574. [PMID: 35315646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea expresses two cytochromes in the P460 superfamily that are predicted to be structurally similar. In one, cytochrome (cyt) P460, the substrate hydroxylamine (NH2OH) is converted to nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) requiring a unique heme-lysyl cross-link in the catalytic cofactor. In the second, cyt c'β-Met, the cross-link is absent, and the cytochrome instead binds H2O2 forming a ferryl species similar to compound II of peroxidases. Here, we report the 1.80 Å crystal structure of cyt c'β-Met─a well-expressed protein in N. europaea with a lysine to a methionine replacement at the cross-linking position. The structure of cyt c'β-Met is characterized by a large β-sheet typical of P460 members; however, several localized structural differences render cyt c'β-Met distinct. This includes a large lasso-like loop at the "top" of the cytochrome that is not observed in other structurally characterized members. Active site variation is also observed, especially in comparison to its closest homologue cyt c'β from the methane-oxidizing Methylococcus capsulatus Bath, which also lacks the cross-link. The phenylalanine "cap" which is presumed to control small ligand access to the distal heme iron is replaced with an arginine, reminiscent of the strictly conserved distal arginine in peroxidases and to the NH2OH-oxidizing cytochromes P460. A critical proton-transferring glutamate residue required for NH2OH oxidation is nevertheless missing in the active site. This in part explains the inability of cyt c'β-Met to oxidize NH2OH. Our structure also rationalizes the absence of a methionyl cross-link, although the side chain's spatial position in the structure does not eliminate the possibility that it could form under certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Abendroth
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Diseases, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States.,UCB Biosciences, Bainbridge Island, Washington 98110, United States
| | - Garry W Buchko
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Diseases, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States.,Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 98354, United States.,School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Fong Ning Liew
- Division of Physical Sciences, Chemistry, University of Washington-Bothell, Bothell, Washington 98011, United States
| | - Joline N Nguyen
- Division of Physical Sciences, Chemistry, University of Washington-Bothell, Bothell, Washington 98011, United States
| | - Hyung J Kim
- Division of Physical Sciences, Chemistry, University of Washington-Bothell, Bothell, Washington 98011, United States
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20
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Connelly AN, Huijbregts RPH, Pal HC, Kuznetsova V, Davis MD, Ong KL, Fay CX, Greene ME, Overton ET, Hel Z. Optimization of methods for the accurate characterization of whole blood neutrophils. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3667. [PMID: 35256648 PMCID: PMC8901620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocyte population with critical roles in immune defense, regulation of innate and adaptive immune systems, and disease pathogenesis. Our progress in understanding precise mechanisms of neutrophil activation, recruitment, and function has been hampered by the lack of optimized and standardized methods for the characterization and phenotyping of this readily activated population. By comparing eight methods of neutrophil characterization, we demonstrate that the level of neutrophil activation and degranulation is associated with specific experimental conditions and the number and type of manipulation steps employed. Staining whole blood at 4 °C and removal of remaining unbound antibodies prior to one-step fixation and red blood cell lysis minimizes neutrophil activation, decreases phenotypic alterations during processing, and prevents nonspecific antibody binding. The effects of anticoagulants used for collection, processing delays, and time and temperature during sample analysis on neutrophil phenotype are addressed. The presented data provide a foundation for higher quality standards of neutrophil characterization improving consistency and reproducibility among studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N. Connelly
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Richard P. H. Huijbregts
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Harish C. Pal
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Valeriya Kuznetsova
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Marcus D. Davis
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Krystle L. Ong
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Christian X. Fay
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Morgan E. Greene
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Edgar T. Overton
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,grid.265892.20000000106344187Division of Infectious Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Zdenek Hel
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,grid.265892.20000000106344187Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
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21
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From iron to bacterial electroconductive filaments: Exploring cytochrome diversity using Geobacter bacteria. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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22
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Ramos DR, Fernández MI, Furtmüller PG, Obinger C, García MV, Santaballa JA, Canle M. Effect of ionizing radiation on human myeloperoxidase: Reaction with hydrated electrons. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 226:112369. [PMID: 34864529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a myeloid-lineage restricted enzyme largely expressed in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils. It catalyses the formation of reactive oxygen species, mainly hypochlorous acid, contributing to anti-pathogenic defense. Disorders in the production or regulation of MPO may lead to a variety of health conditions, mainly of inflammatory origin, including autoimmune inflammation. We have studied the effect of ionizing radiation on the activity of MPO, as measured by the capacity retained by the enzyme to produce hypochlorous acid as reactive oxygen species after exposure to successive doses of solvated electrons, the strongest possible one-e- reducing agent in water. Chlorination activity was still present after a very high irradiation dose, indicating that radiation damage does not take place at the active site, hindered in the core of MPO structure. Decay kinetics show a dependence on the wavelength, supporting that the process must occur at peripheral functional groups situated on external and readily accessible locations of the enzyme. These results are relevant to understand the mechanism of resistance of our innate anti-pathogenic defense system and also to get insight into potential strategies to regulate MPO levels as a therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Ramos
- Universidade da Coruña, Chemical Reactivity & Photoreactivity Group (REACT!), Department of Chemistry, CICA & Faculty of Sciences, A Zapateira s/n, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - M Isabel Fernández
- Universidade da Coruña, Chemical Reactivity & Photoreactivity Group (REACT!), Department of Chemistry, CICA & Faculty of Sciences, A Zapateira s/n, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Paul G Furtmüller
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Obinger
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Victoria García
- Universidade da Coruña, Chemical Reactivity & Photoreactivity Group (REACT!), Department of Chemistry, CICA & Faculty of Sciences, A Zapateira s/n, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - J Arturo Santaballa
- Universidade da Coruña, Chemical Reactivity & Photoreactivity Group (REACT!), Department of Chemistry, CICA & Faculty of Sciences, A Zapateira s/n, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Moisés Canle
- Universidade da Coruña, Chemical Reactivity & Photoreactivity Group (REACT!), Department of Chemistry, CICA & Faculty of Sciences, A Zapateira s/n, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain.
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23
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Valadez-Cosmes P, Raftopoulou S, Mihalic ZN, Marsche G, Kargl J. Myeloperoxidase: Growing importance in cancer pathogenesis and potential drug target. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 236:108052. [PMID: 34890688 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase is a heme-peroxidase which makes up approximately 5% of the total dry cell weight of neutrophils where it is predominantly found in the primary (azurophilic) granules. Other cell types, such as monocytes and certain macrophage subpopulations also contain myeloperoxidase, but to a much lesser extent. Initially, the function of myeloperoxidase had been mainly associated with its ability as a catalyzer of reactive oxidants that help to clear pathogens. However, over the past years non-canonical functions of myeloperoxidase have been described both in health and disease. Attention has been specially focused on inflammatory diseases, in which an exacerbate infiltration of leukocytes can favor a poorly-controlled production and release of myeloperoxidase and its oxidants. There is compelling evidence that myeloperoxidase derived oxidants contribute to tissue damage and the development and propagation of acute and chronic vascular inflammation. Recently, neutrophils have attracted much attention within the large diversity of innate immune cells that are part of the tumor microenvironment. In particular, neutrophil-derived myeloperoxidase may play an important role in cancer development and progression. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the roles of myeloperoxidase in the development and progression of cancer. We propose future research approaches and explore prospects of inhibiting myeloperoxidase as a strategy to fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Valadez-Cosmes
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sofia Raftopoulou
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Zala Nikita Mihalic
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Kargl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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24
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Wang Q, Zheng D, Cao Q, Huang K, Qin D. A dual-response fluoran-phenothiazine hybrid fluorescent probe for selective sensing of Fe 3+ and ClO - and cell imaging application. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 261:120061. [PMID: 34146825 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bifunctional fluorescent probes with dual-emission response attract extensive attention. A novel fluorescent probe FP, a hybrid of fluoran and phenothiazine, has been designed and synthesized for selective sensing of Fe3+ and ClO- with dual-emission changes, which involes mechanisms of Fe3+-promoted spirolactone ring opening and ClO--induced oxidation of phenothiazine moiety, respectively. In addition, the detection limits for Fe3+ and ClO- were estimated to be 49.1 and 35.9 nM, respectively. Significantly, FP can be employed as an tracer for the detection of Fe3+ ions within living HeLa cells by fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control of Sichuan Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Dasheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Qiuhui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control of Sichuan Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control of Sichuan Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
| | - Dabin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control of Sichuan Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
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Arnhold J. Heme Peroxidases at Unperturbed and Inflamed Mucous Surfaces. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111805. [PMID: 34829676 PMCID: PMC8614983 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In our organism, mucous surfaces are important boundaries against the environmental milieu with defined fluxes of metabolites through these surfaces and specific rules for defense reactions. Major mucous surfaces are formed by epithelia of the respiratory system and the digestive tract. The heme peroxidases lactoperoxidase (LPO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) contribute to immune protection at epithelial surfaces and in secretions. Whereas LPO is secreted from epithelial cells and maintains microbes in surface linings on low level, MPO and EPO are released from recruited neutrophils and eosinophils, respectively, at inflamed mucous surfaces. Activated heme peroxidases are able to oxidize (pseudo)halides to hypohalous acids and hypothiocyanite. These products are involved in the defense against pathogens, but can also contribute to cell and tissue damage under pathological conditions. This review highlights the beneficial and harmful functions of LPO, MPO, and EPO at unperturbed and inflamed mucous surfaces. Among the disorders, special attention is directed to cystic fibrosis and allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Arnhold
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
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26
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Siraki AG. The many roles of myeloperoxidase: From inflammation and immunity to biomarkers, drug metabolism and drug discovery. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102109. [PMID: 34455146 PMCID: PMC8403760 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides a practical guide to myeloperoxidase (MPO) and presents to the reader the diversity of its presence in biology. The review provides a historical background, from peroxidase activity to the discovery of MPO, to its role in disease and drug development. MPO is discussed in terms of its necessity, as specific individuals lack MPO expression. An underlying theme presented throughout brings up the question of the benefit and burden of MPO activity. Enzyme structure is discussed, including accurate masses and glycosylation sites. The catalytic cycle of MPO and its corresponding pathways are presented, with a discussion of the importance of the redox couples of the different states of MPO. Cell lines expressing MPO are discussed and practically summarized for the reader, and locations of MPO (primary and secondary) are provided. Useful methods of MPO detection are discussed, and how these can be used for studying disease processes are implied through the presentation of MPO as a biomarker. The presence of MPO in neutrophil extracellular traps is presented, and the activators of the former are provided. Lastly, the transition from drug metabolism to a target for drug development is where the review concludes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno G Siraki
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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27
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Suzuki Y, Hada M, Fujii H. Synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of oxoiron(IV) porphyrin π-cation radical complexes bearing cationic N-methyl-2-pyridinium group. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 223:111542. [PMID: 34293682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electronic charge near the active site is an important factor for controlling the reactivity of metalloenzymes. Here, to investigate the effect of the cationic charge near the heme in heme proteins, we synthesized new iron porphyrin complexes (1 and 2) having cationic 3-methyl-N-methyl-2-pyrdinium group and N-methyl-2-pyridinium group at one of the four meso-positions, respectively. The N-methyl-2-pyridinium groups could be introduced by Stille coupling used palladium catalysts. Oxoiron(IV) porphyrin π-cation radical complexes (Compound I) of 1 (1-CompI) and 2 (2-CompI) are soluble in most organic solvents, allowing direct comparison of their electronic structure and reactivity with Compound I of tetramesitylporphyrin (3-CompI) and tetrakis-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)porphyrin (4-CompI) under the same conditions. Spectroscopic data for 1-CompI are close to those for 3-CompI, but the redox potential for 1-CompI is close to that of 4-CompI. Kinetic analysis of the epoxidation reactions shows that 1-CompI and 2-CompI are (~250-fold) more reactive than 3-CompI, and comparable to 4-CompI. DFT calculations allow to propose that the positive shift of the redox potential and the enhanced reactivity of 1-CompI and 2-CompI is induced by the intramolecular electric field effect of N-methyl-2-pyridinium cation, not by the electron-withdrawing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
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Singh PK, Sharma P, Bhushan A, Kaur P, Sharma S, Singh TP. Structure of a ternary complex of lactoperoxidase with iodide and hydrogen peroxide at 1.77 Å resolution. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 220:111461. [PMID: 33882424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lactoperoxidase (LPO) is a mammalian heme peroxidase which catalyzes the conversion of thiocyanate (SCN¯) and iodide (I-) by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into antimicrobial hypothiocyanite (OSCN¯) and hypoiodite (IO-). The prosthetic heme group is covalently attached to LPO through two ester linkages involving conserved glutamate and aspartate residues. On the proximal side, His351 is coordinated to heme iron while His 109 is located in the substrate binding site on the distal heme side. We report here the first structure of the ternary complex of LPO with iodide (I-) and H2O2 at 1.77 Å resolution. LPO was crystallized with ammonium iodide and the crystals were soaked in the reservoir solution containing H2O2. Structure determination showed the presence of an iodide ion and a H2O2 molecule in the substrate binding site. The iodide ion occupied the position which is stabilized by the interactions with heme moiety, His109, Arg255 and Glu258 while H2O2 was held between the heme iron and His109. The presence of I- in the distal heme cavity seems to screen the positive charge of Arg255 thus suppressing the proton transfer from H2O2 to His109. This prevents compound I formation and allows trapping of a stable enzyme-substrate (LPO-I--H2O2) ternary complex. This stable geometrical arrangement of H2O2 in the distal heme cavity of LPO is similar to that of H2O2 in the structure of the transient intermediate of the palm tree heme peroxidase. The biochemical studies showed that the catalytic activity of LPO decreased when the samples of LPO were preincubated with ammonium iodide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant K Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Asha Bhushan
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tej P Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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29
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Roos G, Harvey JN. Histidine versus Cysteine-Bearing Heme-Dependent Halogen Peroxidases: Parallels and Differences for Cl - Oxidation. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:74-85. [PMID: 33350832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The homodimeric myeloperoxidase (MPO) features a histidine as a proximal ligand and a sulfonium linkage covalently attaching the heme porphyrin ring to the protein. MPO is able to catalyze Cl- oxidation with about the same efficiency as chloroperoxidase at pH 7.0. In this study, we seek to explore the parallels and differences between the histidine and cysteine heme-dependent halogen peroxidases. Transition states, reaction barriers, and relevant thermodynamic properties are calculated on protein models. Together with electronic structure calculations, it gives an overview of the reaction mechanisms and of the factors that determine the selectivity between one- and two-electron paths. Conclusions point to the innate oxidizing nature of MPO with the ester and sulfonium linkages hiking up the reactivity to enable chloride oxidation. The installation of a deprotonated imidazolate as a proximal ligand does not shift the equilibrium from one- to two-electron events without influencing the chemistry of the oxidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goedele Roos
- UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jeremy N Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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31
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Ulfig A, Leichert LI. The effects of neutrophil-generated hypochlorous acid and other hypohalous acids on host and pathogens. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:385-414. [PMID: 32661559 PMCID: PMC7873122 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are predominant immune cells that protect the human body against infections by deploying sophisticated antimicrobial strategies including phagocytosis of bacteria and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms by which neutrophils kill exogenous pathogens before we focus on one particular weapon in their arsenal: the generation of the oxidizing hypohalous acids HOCl, HOBr and HOSCN during the so-called oxidative burst by the enzyme myeloperoxidase. We look at the effects of these hypohalous acids on biological systems in general and proteins in particular and turn our attention to bacterial strategies to survive HOCl stress. HOCl is a strong inducer of protein aggregation, which bacteria can counteract by chaperone-like holdases that bind unfolding proteins without the need for energy in the form of ATP. These chaperones are activated by HOCl through thiol oxidation (Hsp33) or N-chlorination of basic amino acid side-chains (RidA and CnoX) and contribute to bacterial survival during HOCl stress. However, neutrophil-generated hypohalous acids also affect the host system. Recent studies have shown that plasma proteins act not only as sinks for HOCl, but get actively transformed into modulators of the cellular immune response through N-chlorination. N-chlorinated serum albumin can prevent aggregation of proteins, stimulate immune cells, and act as a pro-survival factor for immune cells in the presence of cytotoxic antigens. Finally, we take a look at the emerging role of HOCl as a potential signaling molecule, particularly its role in neutrophil extracellular trap formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Ulfig
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry-Microbial Biochemistry, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars I Leichert
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry-Microbial Biochemistry, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
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32
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Tjondro HC, Ugonotti J, Kawahara R, Chatterjee S, Loke I, Chen S, Soltermann F, Hinneburg H, Parker BL, Venkatakrishnan V, Dieckmann R, Grant OC, Bylund J, Rodger A, Woods RJ, Karlsson-Bengtsson A, Struwe WB, Thaysen-Andersen M. Hyper-truncated Asn355- and Asn391-glycans modulate the activity of neutrophil granule myeloperoxidase. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100144. [PMID: 33273015 PMCID: PMC7857493 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays essential roles in neutrophil-mediated immunity via the generation of reactive oxidation products. Complex carbohydrates decorate MPO at discrete sites, but their functional relevance remains elusive. To this end, we have characterised the structure-biosynthesis-activity relationship of neutrophil MPO (nMPO). Mass spectrometry demonstrated that nMPO carries both characteristic under-processed and hyper-truncated glycans. Occlusion of the Asn355/Asn391-glycosylation sites and the Asn323-/Asn483-glycans, located in the MPO dimerisation zone, was found to affect the local glycan processing, thereby providing a molecular basis of the site-specific nMPO glycosylation. Native mass spectrometry, mass photometry and glycopeptide profiling revealed significant molecular complexity of diprotomeric nMPO arising from heterogeneous glycosylation, oxidation, chlorination and polypeptide truncation variants and a previously unreported low-abundance monoprotomer. Longitudinal profiling of maturing, mature, granule-separated and pathogen-stimulated neutrophils demonstrated that nMPO is dynamically expressed during granulopoiesis, unevenly distributed across granules and degranulated upon activation. We also show that proMPO-to-MPO maturation occurs during early/mid-stage granulopoiesis. While similar global MPO glycosylation was observed across conditions, the conserved Asn355-/Asn391-sites displayed elevated glycan hyper-truncation, which correlated with higher enzyme activities of MPO in distinct granule populations. Enzymatic trimming of the Asn355-/Asn391-glycans recapitulated the activity gain and showed that nMPO carrying hyper-truncated glycans at these positions exhibits increased thermal stability, polypeptide accessibility and ceruloplasmin-mediated inhibition potential relative to native nMPO. Finally, molecular modelling revealed that hyper-truncated Asn355-glycans positioned in the MPO-ceruloplasmin interface are critical for uninterrupted inhibition. Here, through an innovative and comprehensive approach, we report novel functional roles of MPO glycans, providing new insight into neutrophil-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C Tjondro
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julian Ugonotti
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebeca Kawahara
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sayantani Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian Loke
- Cordlife Group Limited, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siyun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fabian Soltermann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hannes Hinneburg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vignesh Venkatakrishnan
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Regis Dieckmann
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oliver C Grant
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Johan Bylund
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alison Rodger
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Anna Karlsson-Bengtsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Weston B Struwe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Abstract
Myeloperoxidase participates in innate immune defense mechanism through formation of microbicidal reactive oxidants and diffusible radical species. A unique activity is its ability to use chloride as a cosubstrate with hydrogen peroxide to generate chlorinating oxidants such as hypochlorous acid, a potent antimicrobial agent. However, chronic MPO activation can lead to indiscriminate protein modification causing tissue damage, and has been associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, and acute cardiovascular events. This has attracted considerable interest in the development of therapeutically useful MPO inhibitors. Today, based on the profound knowledge of structure and function of MPO and its biochemical and biophysical differences with the other homologous human peroxidases, various rational and high-throughput screening attempts were performed in developing specific irreversible and reversible inhibitors. The most prominent candidates as well as MPO inhibitors already studied in clinical trials are introduced and discussed.
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Wang S, Huang Y, Liu S, Lin Z, Zhang Y, Bao Y. Hemoglobins from Scapharca subcrenata (Bivalvia: Arcidae) likely play an bactericidal role through their peroxidase activity. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 253:110545. [PMID: 33346114 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) is an iron-containing respiratory protein present in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The blood clam Scapharca subcrenata is one of the few invertebrates that have Hb-containing red hemocytes. In this study, we purified Hb (Ss-Hb), including Ss-HbI and Ss-HbII, from S. subcrenata hemocytes using gel chromatography with a recovery rate of 70.71%, and then characterized their peroxidase activities. Both Ss-Hbs possessed peroxidase activity with high affinity to the substrates guaiacol and H2O2. Moreover, both Ss-Hbs had structural similarities, such as type b heme, proximal histidine (His), distal His, and heme pocket arginine (Arg), with other peroxidases. The optimal peroxidase activity of both Ss-Hbs was at pH 5 and 35 °C, but this was inhibited in the presence of Cu2+ and Fe2+. Ss-Hbs produced [Formula: see text] in the presence of H2O2. β-phenylethylamine, a substrate of peroxidase, increased the [Formula: see text] generation, while Cu2+, an inhibitor of peroxidase, inhibited this reaction. These results indicated that the peroxidase cycle of Ss-Hb was involved in the production of [Formula: see text] . A large amount of [Formula: see text] may be generated by the peroxidase cycle if the substrate is sufficient. During the incubation of Ss-Hbs with Bacillus subtilis, it was speculated that trace H2O2, probably from autoxidation of Ss-Hbs or generated by B. subtilis, started the peroxidase cycle of Ss-Hb. and produced a large amount of [Formula: see text] in the presence of sufficient substrate in the culture medium. It is therefore reasonable to assume that Ss-Hbs played an antibacterial role owing to their peroxidase activity, which produced [Formula: see text] .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufang Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
| | - Yiyi Huang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China
| | - Si Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
| | - Zhihua Lin
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Yongbo Bao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China.
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Čaval T, Heck AJR, Reiding KR. Meta-heterogeneity: Evaluating and Describing the Diversity in Glycosylation Between Sites on the Same Glycoprotein. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 20:100010. [PMID: 33561609 PMCID: PMC8724623 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r120.002093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomics has gone through some incredible developments over the last few years. Technological advances in glycopeptide enrichment, fragmentation methods, and data analysis workflows have enabled the transition of glycoproteomics from a niche application, mainly focused on the characterization of isolated glycoproteins, to a mature technology capable of profiling thousands of intact glycopeptides at once. In addition to numerous biological discoveries catalyzed by the technology, we are also observing an increase in studies focusing on global protein glycosylation and the relationship between multiple glycosylation sites on the same protein. It has become apparent that just describing protein glycosylation in terms of micro- and macro-heterogeneity, respectively, the variation and occupancy of glycans at a given site, is not sufficient to describe the observed interactions between sites. In this perspective we propose a new term, meta-heterogeneity, to describe a higher level of glycan regulation: the variation in glycosylation across multiple sites of a given protein. We provide literature examples of extensive meta-heterogeneity on relevant proteins such as antibodies, erythropoietin, myeloperoxidase, and a number of serum and plasma proteins. Furthermore, we postulate on the possible biological reasons and causes behind the intriguing meta-heterogeneity observed in glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Čaval
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Karli R Reiding
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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36
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Matos IDA, da Costa Júnior NB, Meotti FC. Integration of an Inhibitor-like Rule and Structure-based Virtual Screening for the Discovery of Novel Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:6408-6418. [PMID: 33270445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an attractive therapeutic target against inflammation. Herein, we developed an inhibitor-like rule, based on known MPO inhibitors, and generated a target database containing 6546 molecules with privileged inhibitory properties. Using a structure-based approach validated by decoys, robust statistical metrics, redocking, and cross-docking, we selected 10 putative MPO inhibitors with high chemical diversity. At 20 μM, six of these 10 compounds (i.e., 60% success rate) inhibited more than 20% of the chlorinating activity of the enzyme. Additionally, we found that compound ZINC9089086 forms hydrogen bonds with Arg233 and with the hemic carboxylate. It makes a π-stacking interaction with the heme group and displays a high affinity for the enzyme active site. When incubated with purified MPO, ZINC9089086 inhibited the chlorinating activity of the enzyme with an IC50 of 2.2 ± 0.1 μM in a reversible manner. Subsequent experiments revealed that ZINC9089086 inhibited hypochlorous acid production in dHL-60 cells and human neutrophils. Furthermore, the theoretical ADME/Tox profile indicated that this compound exhibits low toxicity risks and adequate pharmacokinetic parameters, thus making ZINC9089086 a very promising candidate for preclinical anti-inflammatory studies. Overall, our study shows that integrating an inhibitor-like rule with a validated structure-based methodology is an excellent approach for improving the success rate and molecular diversity of novel MPO inhibitors with good pharmacokinetics and toxicological profiles. By combining these tools, it was possible to increase the assurance rate, which ultimately diminishes the costs and time needed for the acquisition, synthesis, and evaluation of new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac de Araújo Matos
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Carla Meotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
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37
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A commercially available NIR fluorescence probe for the detection of hypochlorite and its application in cell imaging. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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38
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Carrillo-Vázquez DA, Jardón-Valadez E, Torres-Ruiz J, Juárez-Vega G, Maravillas-Montero JL, Meza-Sánchez DE, Domínguez-López ML, Varela JCA, Gómez-Martín D. Conformational changes in myeloperoxidase induced by ubiquitin and NETs containing free ISG15 from systemic lupus erythematosus patients promote a pro-inflammatory cytokine response in CD4 + T cells. J Transl Med 2020; 18:429. [PMID: 33176801 PMCID: PMC7659105 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02604-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are characterized by lower ubiquitylation and myeloperoxidase (MPO) as a substrate. The structural and functional effect of such modification and if there are additional post-translational modifications (PTMs) are unknown. Methods To assess the expression and functional role of PTMs in NETs of patients with SLE; reactivation, proliferation and cytokine production was evaluated by flow cytometry using co-cultures with dendritic cells (DC) and CD4+ from SLE patients and healthy controls. The impact of ubiquitylation on MPO was assessed by molecular dynamics. The expression of ISG15 in NETs was evaluated by immunofluorescence and Western Blot. Results Fifteen patients with SLE and ten healthy controls were included. In the co-cultures of CD4+ lymphocytes with DC stimulated with ubiquitylated MPO or recombinant MPO, a higher expression of IFNγ and IL-17A was found in CD4+ from SLE patients (p < 0.05). Furthermore, with DC stimulated with ubiquitylated MPO a trend towards increased expression of CD25 and Ki67 was found in lupus CD4+ lymphocytes, while the opposite was documented in controls (p < 0.05). Through molecular dynamics we found the K129-K488-K505 residues of MPO as susceptible to ubiquitylation. Ubiquitylation affects the hydration status of the HEME group depending on the residue to which it is conjugated. R239 was found near by the HEME group when the ubiquitin was in K488-K505. In addition, we found greater expression of ISG15 in the SLE NETs vs controls (p < 0.05), colocalization with H2B (r = 0.81) only in SLE samples and increased production of IFNγ in PBMCs stimulated with lupus NETs compared to healthy controls NETs. Conclusion The ubiquitylated MPO has a differential effect on the induction of reactivation of CD4+ lymphocytes in patients with SLE, which may be related to structural changes by ubiquitylation at the catalytic site of MPO. Besides a lower ubiquitylation pattern, NETs of patients with SLE are characterized by the expression of ISG15, and the induction of IFNγ by Th1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alberto Carrillo-Vázquez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Immunology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Jardón-Valadez
- Earth Resources Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, 52005, Lerma, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jiram Torres-Ruiz
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.,Emergency Medicine Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Juárez-Vega
- Red de Apoyo a La Investigación, Coordinación de Investigación Científica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Maravillas-Montero
- Red de Apoyo a La Investigación, Coordinación de Investigación Científica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Eduardo Meza-Sánchez
- Red de Apoyo a La Investigación, Coordinación de Investigación Científica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Lilia Domínguez-López
- Department of Immunology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge Carlos Alcocer Varela
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Gómez-Martín
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico. .,Red de Apoyo a La Investigación, Coordinación de Investigación Científica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Myeloperoxidase: A versatile mediator of endothelial dysfunction and therapeutic target during cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 221:107711. [PMID: 33137376 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a prominent mammalian heme peroxidase and a fundamental component of the innate immune response against microbial pathogens. In recent times, MPO has received considerable attention as a key oxidative enzyme capable of impairing the bioactivity of nitric oxide (NO) and promoting endothelial dysfunction; a clinically relevant event that manifests throughout the development of inflammatory cardiovascular disease. Increasing evidence indicates that during cardiovascular disease, MPO is released intravascularly by activated leukocytes resulting in its transport and sequestration within the vascular endothelium. At this site, MPO catalyzes various oxidative reactions that are capable of promoting vascular inflammation and impairing NO bioactivity and endothelial function. In particular, MPO catalyzes the production of the potent oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and the catalytic consumption of NO via the enzyme's NO oxidase activity. An emerging paradigm is the ability of MPO to also influence endothelial function via non-catalytic, cytokine-like activities. In this review article we discuss the implications of our increasing knowledge of the versatility of MPO's actions as a mediator of cardiovascular disease and endothelial dysfunction for the development of new pharmacological agents capable of effectively combating MPO's pathogenic activities. More specifically, we will (i) discuss the various transport mechanisms by which MPO accumulates into the endothelium of inflamed or diseased arteries, (ii) detail the clinical and basic scientific evidence identifying MPO as a significant cause of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, (iii) provide an up-to-date coverage on the different oxidative mechanisms by which MPO can impair endothelial function during cardiovascular disease including an evaluation of the contributions of MPO-catalyzed HOCl production and NO oxidation, and (iv) outline the novel non-enzymatic mechanisms of MPO and their potential contribution to endothelial dysfunction. Finally, we deliver a detailed appraisal of the different pharmacological strategies available for targeting the catalytic and non-catalytic modes-of-action of MPO in order to protect against endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease.
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Arnhold J. The Dual Role of Myeloperoxidase in Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8057. [PMID: 33137905 PMCID: PMC7663354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme protein myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a major constituent of neutrophils. As a key mediator of the innate immune system, neutrophils are rapidly recruited to inflammatory sites, where they recognize, phagocytose, and inactivate foreign microorganisms. In the newly formed phagosomes, MPO is involved in the creation and maintenance of an alkaline milieu, which is optimal in combatting microbes. Myeloperoxidase is also a key component in neutrophil extracellular traps. These helpful properties are contrasted by the release of MPO and other neutrophil constituents from necrotic cells or as a result of frustrated phagocytosis. Although MPO is inactivated by the plasma protein ceruloplasmin, it can interact with negatively charged components of serum and the extracellular matrix. In cardiovascular diseases and many other disease scenarios, active MPO and MPO-modified targets are present in atherosclerotic lesions and other disease-specific locations. This implies an involvement of neutrophils, MPO, and other neutrophil products in pathogenesis mechanisms. This review critically reflects on the beneficial and harmful functions of MPO against the background of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Arnhold
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04 107 Leipzig, Germany
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41
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Understanding molecular enzymology of porphyrin-binding α + β barrel proteins - One fold, multiple functions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1869:140536. [PMID: 32891739 PMCID: PMC7611857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is a high functional diversity within the structural superfamily of porphyrin-binding dimeric α + β barrel proteins. In this review we aim to analyze structural constraints of chlorite dismutases, dye-decolorizing peroxidases and coproheme decarboxylases in detail. We identify regions of structural variations within the highly conserved fold, which are most likely crucial for functional specificities. The loop linking the two ferredoxin-like domains within one subunit can be of different sequence lengths and can adopt various structural conformations, consequently defining the shape of the substrate channels and the respective active site architectures. The redox cofactor, heme b or coproheme, is oriented differently in either of the analyzed enzymes. By thoroughly dissecting available structures and discussing all available results in the context of the respective functional mechanisms of each of these redox-active enzymes, we highlight unsolved mechanistic questions in order to spark future research in this field.
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42
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The Role of Thiocyanate in Modulating Myeloperoxidase Activity during Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176450. [PMID: 32899436 PMCID: PMC7503669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiocyanate (SCN−) is a pseudohalide anion omnipresent across mammals and is particularly concentrated in secretions within the oral cavity, digestive tract and airway. Thiocyanate can outcompete chlorine anions and other halides (F−, Br−, I−) as substrates for myeloperoxidase by undergoing two-electron oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. This forms their respective hypohalous acids (HOX where X− = halides) and in the case of thiocyanate, hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN), which is also a bactericidal oxidative species involved in the regulation of commensal and pathogenic microflora. Disease may dysregulate redox processes and cause imbalances in the oxidative profile, where typically favoured oxidative species, such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl), result in an overabundance of chlorinated protein residues. As such, the pharmacological capacity of thiocyanate has been recently investigated for its ability to modulate myeloperoxidase activity for HOSCN, a less potent species relative to HOCl, although outcomes vary significantly across different disease models. To date, most studies have focused on therapeutic effects in respiratory and cardiovascular animal models. However, we note other conditions such as rheumatic arthritis where SCN− administration may worsen patient outcomes. Here, we discuss the pathophysiological role of SCN− in diseases where MPO is implicated.
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Haskamp S, Bruns H, Hahn M, Hoffmann M, Gregor A, Löhr S, Hahn J, Schauer C, Ringer M, Flamann C, Frey B, Lesner A, Thiel CT, Ekici AB, von Hörsten S, Aßmann G, Riepe C, Euler M, Schäkel K, Philipp S, Prinz JC, Mößner R, Kersting F, Sticherling M, Sefiani A, Lyahyai J, Sondermann W, Oji V, Schulz P, Wilsmann-Theis D, Sticht H, Schett G, Reis A, Uebe S, Frey S, Hüffmeier U. Myeloperoxidase Modulates Inflammation in Generalized Pustular Psoriasis and Additional Rare Pustular Skin Diseases. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:527-538. [PMID: 32758447 PMCID: PMC7477008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a severe multi-systemic inflammatory disease characterized by neutrophilic pustulosis and triggered by pro-inflammatory IL-36 cytokines in skin. While 19%–41% of affected individuals harbor bi-allelic mutations in IL36RN, the genetic cause is not known in most cases. To identify and characterize new pathways involved in the pathogenesis of GPP, we performed whole-exome sequencing in 31 individuals with GPP and demonstrated effects of mutations in MPO encoding the neutrophilic enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO). We discovered eight MPO mutations resulting in MPO -deficiency in neutrophils and monocytes. MPO mutations, primarily those resulting in complete MPO deficiency, cumulatively associated with GPP (p = 1.85E−08; OR = 6.47). The number of mutant MPO alleles significantly differed between 82 affected individuals and >4,900 control subjects (p = 1.04E−09); this effect was stronger when including IL36RN mutations (1.48E−13) and correlated with a younger age of onset (p = 0.0018). The activity of four proteases, previously implicated as activating enzymes of IL-36 precursors, correlated with MPO deficiency. Phorbol-myristate-acetate-induced formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was reduced in affected cells (p = 0.015), and phagocytosis assays in MPO-deficient mice and human cells revealed altered neutrophil function and impaired clearance of neutrophils by monocytes (efferocytosis) allowing prolonged neutrophil persistence in inflammatory skin. MPO mutations contribute significantly to GPP’s pathogenesis. We implicate MPO as an inflammatory modulator in humans that regulates protease activity and NET formation and modifies efferocytosis. Our findings indicate possible implications for the application of MPO inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases. MPO and affected pathways represent attractive targets for inducing resolution of inflammation in neutrophil-mediated skin diseases.
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Casas AI, Nogales C, Mucke HAM, Petraina A, Cuadrado A, Rojo AI, Ghezzi P, Jaquet V, Augsburger F, Dufrasne F, Soubhye J, Deshwal S, Di Sante M, Kaludercic N, Di Lisa F, Schmidt HHHW. On the Clinical Pharmacology of Reactive Oxygen Species. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:801-828. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.120.019422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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45
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Ugonotti J, Chatterjee S, Thaysen-Andersen M. Structural and functional diversity of neutrophil glycosylation in innate immunity and related disorders. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 79:100882. [PMID: 32847678 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The granulated neutrophils are abundant innate immune cells that utilize bioactive glycoproteins packed in cytosolic granules to fight pathogenic infections, but the neutrophil glycobiology remains poorly understood. Facilitated by technological advances in glycoimmunology, systems glycobiology and glycoanalytics, a considerable body of literature reporting on novel aspects of neutrophil glycosylation has accumulated. Herein, we summarize the building knowledge of the structural and functional diversity displayed by N- and O-linked glycoproteins spatiotemporally expressed and sequentially brought-into-action across the diverse neutrophil life stages during bone marrow maturation, movements to, from and within the blood circulation and microbicidal processes at the inflammatory sites in peripheral tissues. It transpires that neutrophils abundantly decorate their granule glycoproteins including neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase and cathepsin G with peculiar glyco-signatures not commonly reported in other areas of human glycobiology such as hyper-truncated chitobiose core- and paucimannosidic-type N-glycans and monoantennary complex-type N-glycans. Sialyl Lewisx, Lewisx, poly-N-acetyllactosamine extensions and core 1-/2-type O-glycans are also common neutrophil glyco-signatures. Granule-specific glycosylation is another fascinating yet not fully understood feature of neutrophils. Recent literature suggests that unconventional biosynthetic pathways and functions underpin these prominent neutrophil-associated glyco-phenotypes. The impact of glycosylation on key neutrophil effector functions including extravasation, degranulation, phagocytosis and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps during normal physiological conditions and in innate immune-related diseases is discussed. We also highlight new technologies that are expected to further advance neutrophil glycobiology and briefly discuss the untapped diagnostic and therapeutic potential of neutrophil glycosylation that could open avenues to combat the increasingly prevalent innate immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Ugonotti
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Sayantani Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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Soubhye J, Van Antwerpen P, Dufrasne F. A patent review of myeloperoxidase inhibitors for treating chronic inflammatory syndromes (focus on cardiovascular diseases, 2013-2019). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:595-608. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1780210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Soubhye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite Libre De Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite Libre De Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - François Dufrasne
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite Libre De Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
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Ramachandra CJA, Ja KPMM, Chua J, Cong S, Shim W, Hausenloy DJ. Myeloperoxidase As a Multifaceted Target for Cardiovascular Protection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1135-1149. [PMID: 31847538 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme peroxidase that is primarily expressed by neutrophils. It has the capacity to generate several reactive species, essential for its inherent antimicrobial activity and innate host defense. Dysregulated MPO release, however, can lead to tissue damage, as seen in several diseases. Increased MPO levels in circulation are therefore widely associated with conditions of increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Recent Advances: Several studies have shown a strong correlation between MPO and cardiovascular disease (CVD), through which elevated levels of circulating MPO are linked to poor prognosis with increased risk of CVD-related mortality. Accordingly, circulating MPO is considered a "high-risk" biomarker for patients with acute coronary syndrome, atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, and stroke, thereby implicating MPO as a multifaceted target for cardiovascular protection. Consistently, recent studies that target MPO in animal models of CVD have demonstrated favorable outcomes with regard to disease progression. Critical Issues: Although most of these studies have established a critical link between circulating MPO and worsening cardiac outcomes, the mechanisms by which MPO exerts its detrimental effects in CVD remain unclear. Future Directions: Elucidating the mechanisms by which elevated MPO leads to poor prognosis and, conversely, investigating the beneficial effects of therapeutic MPO inhibition on alleviating disease phenotype will facilitate future MPO-targeted clinical trials for improving CVD-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrishan J A Ramachandra
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K P Myu Mai Ja
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jasper Chua
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuo Cong
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Winston Shim
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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48
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Négrerie M. Iron transitions during activation of allosteric heme proteins in cell signaling. Metallomics 2020; 11:868-893. [PMID: 30957812 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00337h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric heme proteins can fulfill a very large number of different functions thanks to the remarkable chemical versatility of heme through the entire living kingdom. Their efficacy resides in the ability of heme to transmit both iron coordination changes and iron redox state changes to the protein structure. Besides the properties of iron, proteins may impose a particular heme geometry leading to distortion, which allows selection or modulation of the electronic properties of heme. This review focusses on the mechanisms of allosteric protein activation triggered by heme coordination changes following diatomic binding to proteins as diverse as the human NO-receptor, cytochromes, NO-transporters and sensors, and a heme-activated potassium channel. It describes at the molecular level the chemical capabilities of heme to achieve very different tasks and emphasizes how the properties of heme are determined by the protein structure. Particularly, this reviews aims at giving an overview of the exquisite adaptability of heme, from bacteria to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Négrerie
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, INSERM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, 91120 Palaiseau, France.
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Davies MJ, Hawkins CL. The Role of Myeloperoxidase in Biomolecule Modification, Chronic Inflammation, and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:957-981. [PMID: 31989833 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The release of myeloperoxidase (MPO) by activated leukocytes is critical in innate immune responses. MPO produces hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and other strong oxidants, which kill bacteria and other invading pathogens. However, MPO also drives the development of numerous chronic inflammatory pathologies, including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disease, lung disease, arthritis, cancer, and kidney disease, which are globally responsible for significant patient mortality and morbidity. Recent Advances: The development of imaging approaches to precisely identify the localization of MPO and the molecular targets of HOCl in vivo is an important advance, as typically the involvement of MPO in inflammatory disease has been inferred by its presence, together with the detection of biomarkers of HOCl, in biological fluids or diseased tissues. This will provide valuable information in regard to the cell types responsible for releasing MPO in vivo, together with new insight into potential therapeutic opportunities. Critical Issues: Although there is little doubt as to the value of MPO inhibition as a protective strategy to mitigate tissue damage during chronic inflammation in experimental models, the impact of long-term inhibition of MPO as a therapeutic strategy for human disease remains uncertain, in light of the potential effects on innate immunity. Future Directions: The development of more targeted MPO inhibitors or a treatment regimen designed to reduce MPO-associated host tissue damage without compromising pathogen killing by the innate immune system is therefore an important future direction. Similarly, a partial MPO inhibition strategy may be sufficient to maintain adequate bacterial activity while decreasing the propagation of inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Clare L Hawkins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Structural Insights into Ceftobiprole Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Penicillin-Binding Protein 3. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.00106-20. [PMID: 32152075 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00106-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceftobiprole is an advanced-generation broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with potent and rapid bactericidal activity against Gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, as well as susceptible Gram-negative pathogens, including Pseudomonas sp. pathogens. In the case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ceftobiprole acts by inhibiting P. aeruginosa penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP3). Structural studies were pursued to elucidate the molecular details of this PBP inhibition. The crystal structure of the His-tagged PBP3-ceftobiprole complex revealed a covalent bond between the ligand and the catalytic residue S294. Ceftobiprole binding leads to large active site changes near binding sites for the pyrrolidinone and pyrrolidine rings. The S528 to L536 region adopts a conformation previously not observed in PBP3, including partial unwinding of the α11 helix. These molecular insights can lead to a deeper understanding of β-lactam-PBP interactions that result in major changes in protein structure, as well as suggesting how to fine-tune current inhibitors and to develop novel inhibitors of this PBP.
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