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Single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in immune responses and outcome of tegumentary leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 2022; 235:106660. [PMID: 35988820 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases with a broad clinical spectrum. Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is a disease caused by different Leishmania species, transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies and distributed worldwide. TL can present a cutaneous (CL) or mucocutaneous (MCL) clinical form depending on factors inherent to the parasite, the host and the vector. Polymorphisms in the immune response genes are host genetic factors that influence the pathogenesis or control of leishmaniasis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in immune genes have been evaluated in several countries where leishmaniasis is endemic. In this review, we report studies on SNPs in several immune genes that might be associated with susceptibility or resistance to TL. We summarize studies from around the world and in Brazil, highlight the difficulties of these studies and future analyses needed to enhance our knowledge regarding host genetic factors in TL. Understanding the genetic characteristics of the host that facilitate resistance or susceptibility to leishmaniasis can contribute to the development of immunotherapy schedules for this disease. The current treatment methods are toxic, and no human vaccine is available.
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You Y, Bai C, Liu X, Lu Y, Jia T, Xia M, Yin Y, Wang W, Chen Y, Zhang C, Liu Y, Wang L, Pu T, Ma T, Liu Y, Zhou J, Niu L, Xu S, Ni Y, Hu X, Zhang Z. RNA-Seq analysis in giant pandas reveals the differential expression of multiple genes involved in cataract formation. BMC Genom Data 2021; 22:44. [PMID: 34706646 PMCID: PMC8555103 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-021-00996-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an endangered mammalian species native to China. Fewer than 2500 giant pandas are known to exist, many of which are bred in captivity as a means to preserve and repopulate the species. Like other captive mammals, giant pandas acquire age-related cataracts, reducing their quality of life. Recent comparative genome-wide methylation analysis revealed 110 differentially methylated genes associated with cataract formation including six also associated with the formation of age-related cataracts in humans. RESULTS To investigate the pathological pathway in greater detail, here we used RNA-Seq analysis to investigate the differential expression profiles of genes in three giant pandas with cataracts and three healthy controls. We identified more than 700 differentially expressed genes, 29 of which were selected for further analysis based on their low q-value. We found that many of the genes encoded regulatory and signaling proteins associated with the control of cell growth, migration, differentiation and apoptosis, supporting previous research indicating a key role for apoptosis in cataract formation. CONCLUSION The identification of genes involved in the formation of age-related cataracts could facilitate the development of predictive markers, preventative measures and even new therapies to improve the life of captive animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China.
| | - Chao Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yan Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
| | - Yucun Chen
- Strait (Fuzhou) Giant Panda Research and Exchange Centers, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Tao Ma
- Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Suhui Xu
- Strait (Fuzhou) Giant Panda Research and Exchange Centers, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Xin Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
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Majoros H, Borsos BN, Ujfaludi Z, Páhi ZG, Mórocz M, Haracska L, Boros IM, Pankotai T. SerpinB10, a Serine Protease Inhibitor, Is Implicated in UV-Induced Cellular Response. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168500. [PMID: 34445206 PMCID: PMC8395218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UV-induced DNA damage response and repair are extensively studied processes, as any malfunction in these pathways contributes to the activation of tumorigenesis. Although several proteins involved in these cellular mechanisms have been described, the entire repair cascade has remained unexplored. To identify new players in UV-induced repair, we performed a microarray screen, in which we found SerpinB10 (SPB10, Bomapin) as one of the most dramatically upregulated genes following UV irradiation. Here, we demonstrated that an increased mRNA level of SPB10 is a general cellular response following UV irradiation regardless of the cell type. We showed that although SPB10 is implicated in the UV-induced cellular response, it has no indispensable function in cell survival upon UV irradiation. Nonetheless, we revealed that SPB10 might be involved in delaying the duration of DNA repair in interphase and also in S-phase cells. Additionally, we also highlighted the interaction between SPB10 and H3. Based on our results, it seems that SPB10 protein is implicated in UV-induced stress as a “quality control protein”, presumably by slowing down the repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajnalka Majoros
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 1 Állomás utca, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (H.M.); (B.N.B.); (Z.U.); (Z.G.P.)
| | - Barbara N. Borsos
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 1 Állomás utca, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (H.M.); (B.N.B.); (Z.U.); (Z.G.P.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Ujfaludi
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 1 Állomás utca, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (H.M.); (B.N.B.); (Z.U.); (Z.G.P.)
| | - Zoltán G. Páhi
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 1 Állomás utca, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (H.M.); (B.N.B.); (Z.U.); (Z.G.P.)
| | - Mónika Mórocz
- HCEMM-BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (M.M.); (L.H.)
| | - Lajos Haracska
- HCEMM-BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (M.M.); (L.H.)
| | - Imre Miklós Boros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Pankotai
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 1 Állomás utca, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (H.M.); (B.N.B.); (Z.U.); (Z.G.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-546-164
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Mo Y, Ye L, Cai H, Zhu G, Wang J, Zhu M, Song X, Yang C, Jin M. SERPINB10 contributes to asthma by inhibiting the apoptosis of allergenic Th2 cells. Respir Res 2021; 22:178. [PMID: 34126986 PMCID: PMC8201873 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serine peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 10 (SERPINB10) contributes to allergic inflammation in asthma. However, its role in the T-helper type 2 (Th2) response of allergic asthma is not known. The goal of this study was to unveil the function of SERPINB10 in the Th2 response of allergic asthma and the mechanism by which SERPINB10 affects the viability of Th2 cells. METHODS Th2 cytokines and serum levels of house dust mite (HDM)-specific IgE in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were examined by ELISA in an HDM-induced asthma model. The number and apoptosis of Th1 and Th2 cells in mouse lungs were measured by flow cytometry. Naïve CD4 T cells from patients with asthma were cultured under appropriate polarizing conditions to generate Th1 and Th2 cells. SERPINB10 expression in polarized Th1 and Th2 cells was quantified by real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. SERPINB10 expression was knocked down in human CD4 T cells with lentivirus. RESULTS Knockdown of SERPINB10 expression significantly diminished HDM-induced Th2 cytokine secretion and level of HDM-specific IgE. After HDM exposure, SERPINB10-knockdown mice had diminished numbers of Th2 cells, but similar numbers of Th1 cells, compared with those in negative-control mice. Th2 cells of SERPINB10-knockdown mice were more susceptible to apoptosis than that of control mice. Stimulating T-cell receptors (TCRs) with anti-CD3 antibody caused upregulation of SERPINB10 expression in polarized Th2 cells, but not polarized Th1 cells. Knockdown of SERPINB10 expression resulted in fewer numbers and greater apoptosis of polarized Th2 cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that SERPINB10 may contribute to allergic inflammation and the Th2 response of asthma by inhibiting the apoptosis of Th2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Mo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guiping Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mengchan Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xixi Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chengyu Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Meiling Jin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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HaileMariam M, Yu Y, Singh H, Teklu T, Wondale B, Worku A, Zewude A, Mounaud S, Tsitrin T, Legesse M, Gobena A, Pieper R. Protein and Microbial Biomarkers in Sputum Discern Acute and Latent Tuberculosis in Investigation of Pastoral Ethiopian Cohort. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:595554. [PMID: 34150670 PMCID: PMC8212885 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.595554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and latent TB infection (LTBI) remains a public health priority in high TB burden countries. Pulmonary TB is diagnosed by sputum smear microscopy, chest X-rays, and PCR tests for distinct Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) genes. Clinical tests to diagnose LTBI rely on immune cell stimulation in blood plasma with TB-specific antigens followed by measurements of interferon-γ concentrations. The latter is an important cytokine for cellular immune responses against Mtb in infected lung tissues. Sputum smear microscopy and chest X-rays are not sufficiently sensitive while both PCR and interferon-γ release assays are expensive. Alternative biomarkers for the development of diagnostic tests to discern TB disease states are desirable. This study's objective was to discover sputum diagnostic biomarker candidates from the analysis of samples from 161 human subjects including TB patients, individuals with LTBI, negative community controls (NCC) from the province South Omo, a pastoral region in Ethiopia. We analyzed 16S rRNA gene-based bacterial taxonomies and proteomic profiles. The sputum microbiota did not reveal statistically significant differences in α-diversity comparing the cohorts. The genus Mycobacterium, representing Mtb, was only identified for the TB group which also featured reduced abundance of the genus Rothia in comparison with the LTBI and NCC groups. Rothia is a respiratory tract commensal and may be sensitive to the inflammatory milieu generated by infection with Mtb. Proteomic data supported innate immune responses against the pathogen in subjects with pulmonary TB. Ferritin, an iron storage protein released by damaged host cells, was markedly increased in abundance in TB sputum compared to the LTBI and NCC groups, along with the α-1-acid glycoproteins ORM1 and ORM2. These proteins are acute phase reactants and inhibit excessive neutrophil activation. Proteomic data highlight the effector roles of neutrophils in the anti-Mtb response which was not observed for LTBI cases. Less abundant in the sputum of the LTBI group, compared to the NCC group, were two immunomodulatory proteins, mitochondrial TSPO and the extracellular ribonuclease T2. If validated, these proteins are of interest as new biomarkers for diagnosis of LTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milkessa HaileMariam
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yanbao Yu
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Harinder Singh
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Takele Teklu
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Biniam Wondale
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Biology, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Adane Worku
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Aboma Zewude
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Tamara Tsitrin
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Mengistu Legesse
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ameni Gobena
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rembert Pieper
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
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Castellucci LC, Almeida L, Cherlin S, Fakiola M, Francis RW, Carvalho EM, Santos da Hora A, do Lago TS, Figueiredo AB, Cavalcanti CM, Alves NS, Morais KLP, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Dutra WO, Gollob KJ, Cordell HJ, Blackwell JM. A Genome-wide Association Study Identifies SERPINB10, CRLF3, STX7, LAMP3, IFNG-AS1, and KRT80 As Risk Loci Contributing to Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Brazil. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:e515-e525. [PMID: 32830257 PMCID: PMC8130031 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our goal was to identify genetic risk factors for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania braziliensis. METHODS Genotyping 2066 CL cases and 2046 controls using Illumina HumanCoreExomeBeadChips provided data for 4 498 586 imputed single-nucleotide variants (SNVs). A genome-wide association study (GWAS) using linear mixed models took account of genetic diversity/ethnicity/admixture. Post-GWAS positional, expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) and chromatin interaction mapping was performed in Functional Mapping and Annotation (FUMA). Transcriptional data were compared between lesions and normal skin, and cytokines measured using flow cytometry and Bioplex assay. RESULTS Positional mapping identified 32 genomic loci associated with CL, none achieving genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8). Lead SNVs at 23 loci occurred at protein coding or noncoding RNA genes, 15 with eQTLs for functionally relevant cells/tissues and/or showing differential expression in lesions. Of these, the 6 most plausible genetic risk loci were SERPINB10 (Pimputed_1000G = 2.67 × 10-6), CRLF3 (Pimputed_1000G = 5.12 × 10-6), STX7 (Pimputed_1000G = 6.06 × 10-6), KRT80 (Pimputed_1000G = 6.58 × 10-6), LAMP3 (Pimputed_1000G = 6.54 × 10-6), and IFNG-AS1 (Pimputed_1000G = 1.32 × 10-5). LAMP3 (Padjusted = 9.25 × 10-12; +6-fold), STX7 (Padjusted = 7.62 × 10-3; +1.3-fold), and CRLF3 (Padjusted = 9.19 × 10-9; +1.97-fold) were expressed more highly in CL biopsies compared to normal skin; KRT80 (Padjusted = 3.07 × 10-8; -3-fold) was lower. Multiple cis-eQTLs across SERPINB10 mapped to chromatin interaction regions of transcriptional/enhancer activity in neutrophils, monocytes, B cells, and hematopoietic stem cells. Those at IFNG-AS1 mapped to transcriptional/enhancer regions in T, natural killer, and B cells. The percentage of peripheral blood CD3+ T cells making antigen-specific interferon-γ differed significantly by IFNG-AS1 genotype. CONCLUSIONS This first GWAS for CL identified multiple genetic risk loci including a novel lead to understanding CL pathogenesis through regulation of interferon-γ by IFNG antisense RNA 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa C Castellucci
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Lucas Almeida
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Svetlana Cherlin
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michaela Fakiola
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,” Milan, Italy
| | - Richard W Francis
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Edgar M Carvalho
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Brazil
| | | | | | - Amanda B Figueiredo
- International Center for Research, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clara M Cavalcanti
- International Center for Research, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia S Alves
- International Center for Research, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katia L P Morais
- International Center for Research, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Walderez O Dutra
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kenneth J Gollob
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Brazil
- International Center for Research, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- Núcleo de Ensino e Pesquisa, Instituto Mario Penna, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Heather J Cordell
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jenefer M Blackwell
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Tian CB, Li YY, Huang J, Chu WQ, Wang ZY, Liu H. Comparative Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of Heat Acclimation in Predatory Mite Neoseiulus barkeri. Front Physiol 2020; 11:426. [PMID: 32411020 PMCID: PMC7201100 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we reported a high temperature adapted strain (HTAS) of the predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri was artificially selected via a long-term heat acclimation (35°C) and frequent heat hardenings. To understand the molecular basis of heat acclimation, 'omics' analyses were performed to compare the differences between HTAS female adults to conventional strain (CS) at transcriptional and translational levels. We obtained a total of 5,374 differentially expressed genes and 500 differentially expressed proteins. Among them, 119 transcripts had concurrent transcription and translation profiles. It's conserved that some processes, such as high expression of heat shock protein (HSP) genes, involved in heat tolerance of transcriptome analyses, while many protective enzymes including glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and cytochrome P450 displayed down-regulated expression. KEGG analysis mapped 4,979 and 348 differentially expressed genes and proteins, to 299 and 253 pathways, respectively. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway may provide new insights for the investigation of the molecular mechanisms of heat tolerance. Correlation enriched pathways indicated that there were four pathways associated with heat acclimation involving in energy metabolism and immunity. In addition, the expression patterns of ten randomly selected genes including HSP were consistent with the transcriptome results obtained through quantitative real-time PCR. Comparisons between transcriptome and proteome results indicated the upregulation of HSPs and genes participated in ATP production, immunity and energy metabolism process. A majority of antioxidant-related genes and detoxication-related genes were down-regulated suggesting a fitness cost of heat acclimation. Our results demonstrated that heat tolerance during a long-time acclimation of N. barkeri is a fairly complicated process of physiological regulations. These findings also contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of thermal responses of phytoseiid mites which could provide useful information for biological control through natural enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Huai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Mo Y, Zhang K, Feng Y, Yi L, Liang Y, Wu W, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Hu Q, He J, Zhen G. Epithelial SERPINB10, a novel marker of airway eosinophilia in asthma, contributes to allergic airway inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 316:L245-L254. [PMID: 30382768 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00362.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 10 (SERPINB10) expression is increased in IL-13-stimulated human bronchial epithelial cells and in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. However, the role of SERPINB10 in asthma remains unknown. We examined the association between epithelial SERPINB10 expression and airway eosinophilia in subjects with asthma and the role of Serpinb10 in allergic airway inflammation in an animal model. Epithelial SERPINB10 mRNA and protein expression were markedly increased in subjects with asthma ( n = 60) compared with healthy controls ( n = 25). Epithelial SERPINB10 mRNA levels were significantly correlated with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and three parameters reflecting airway eosinophilia including the percentage of sputum eosinophils, the number of eosinophils in bronchial submucosa, and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide in subjects with asthma. Moreover, epithelial SERPINB10 expression was strongly correlated with the epithelial gene signature ( CLCA1, POSTN, and SERPINB2) for type 2 status. In normal human bronchial epithelial cells cultured at air-liquid interface, knockdown of SERPINB10 suppressed IL-13-stimulated periostin (encoded by POSTN) and CCL26 (eotaxin-3) expression by inhibiting the activation of p38 MAPK. Epithelial CCL26 mRNA levels were correlated with SERPINB10 expression in subjects with asthma. Airway knockdown of Serpinb10 alleviated AHR, airway eosinophilia and the expression of periostin and Ccl26 in a murine model of allergic airway disease. Taken together, epithelial SERPINB10 is a novel marker for airway eosinophilia in asthma. Epithelial SERPINB10 contributes to allergic airway eosinophilic inflammation, at least in part, by regulating the expression of periostin and CCL26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Mo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health , Wuhan , China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health , Wuhan , China
| | - Yuchen Feng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health , Wuhan , China
| | - Lingling Yi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health , Wuhan , China
| | - Yuxia Liang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health , Wuhan , China
| | - Wenliang Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health , Wuhan , China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health , Wuhan , China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health , Wuhan , China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health , Wuhan , China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health , Wuhan , China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Guohua Zhen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health , Wuhan , China
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Bearson BL, Bearson SMD, Looft T, Cai G, Shippy DC. Characterization of a Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Heidelberg Outbreak Strain in Commercial Turkeys: Colonization, Transmission, and Host Transcriptional Response. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:156. [PMID: 28993809 PMCID: PMC5622158 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg) has been associated with numerous human foodborne illness outbreaks due to consumption of poultry. For example, in 2011, an MDR S. Heidelberg outbreak associated with ground turkey sickened 136 individuals and resulted in 1 death. In response to this outbreak, 36 million pounds of ground turkey were recalled, one of the largest meat recalls in U.S. history. To investigate colonization of turkeys with an MDR S. Heidelberg strain isolated from the ground turkey outbreak, two turkey trials were performed. In experiment 1, 3-week-old turkeys were inoculated with 108 or 1010 CFU of the MDR S. Heidelberg isolate, and fecal shedding and tissue colonization were detected following colonization for up to 14 days. Turkey gene expression in response to S. Heidelberg exposure revealed 18 genes that were differentially expressed at 2 days following inoculation compared to pre-inoculation. In a second trial, 1-day-old poults were inoculated with 104 CFU of MDR S. Heidelberg to monitor transmission of Salmonella from inoculated poults (index group) to naive penmates (sentinel group). The transmission of MDR S. Heidelberg from index to sentinel poults was efficient with cecum colonization increasing 2 Log10 CFU above the inoculum dose at 9 days post-inoculation. This differed from the 3-week-old poults inoculated with 1010 CFU of MDR S. Heidelberg in experiment 1 as Salmonella fecal shedding and tissue colonization decreased over the 14-day period compared to the inoculum dose. These data suggest that young poults are susceptible to colonization by MDR S. Heidelberg, and interventions must target turkeys when they are most vulnerable to prevent Salmonella colonization and transmission in the flock. Together, the data support the growing body of literature indicating that Salmonella establishes a commensal-like condition in livestock and poultry, contributing to the asymptomatic carrier status of the human foodborne pathogen in our animal food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley L Bearson
- National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), ARS, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Shawn M D Bearson
- National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), ARS, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Torey Looft
- National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), ARS, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Guohong Cai
- Crop Production and Pest Control Research, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), ARS, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Daniel C Shippy
- National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), ARS, Ames, IA, United States
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10
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TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) controls cell survival through PAI-2/serpinB2 and transglutaminase 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 109:E177-86. [PMID: 22203995 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1119296109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The decision between survival and death in cells exposed to TNF relies on a highly regulated equilibrium between proapoptotic and antiapoptotic factors. The TNF-activated antiapoptotic response depends on several transcription factors, including NF-κB and its RelA/p65 subunit, that are activated through phosphorylation-mediated degradation of IκB inhibitors, a process controlled by the IκB kinase complex. Genetic studies in mice have identified the IκB kinase-related kinase TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1; also called NAK or T2K) as an additional regulatory molecule that promotes survival downstream of TNF, but the mechanism through which TBK1 exerts its survival function has remained elusive. Here we show that TBK1 triggers an antiapoptotic response by controlling a specific RelA/p65 phosphorylation event. TBK1-induced RelA phosphorylation results in inducible expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2), a member of the serpin family with known antiapoptotic activity. PAI-2 limits caspase-3 activation through stabilization of transglutaminase 2 (TG2), which cross-links and inactivates procaspase-3. Importantly, Tg2(-/-) mice were found to be more susceptible to apoptotic cell death in two models of TNF-dependent acute liver injury. Our results establish PAI-2 and TG2 as downstream mediators in the antiapoptotic response triggered upon TBK1 activation.
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11
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Klopfleisch R, Klose P, Weise C, Bondzio A, Multhaup G, Einspanier R, Gruber AD. Proteome of Metastatic Canine Mammary Carcinomas: Similarities to and Differences from Human Breast Cancer. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:6380-91. [DOI: 10.1021/pr100671c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straβe 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patricia Klose
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straβe 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straβe 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Bondzio
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straβe 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Multhaup
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straβe 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straβe 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D. Gruber
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straβe 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Przygodzka P, Ramstedt B, Tengel T, Larsson G, Wilczynska M. Bomapin is a redox-sensitive nuclear serpin that affects responsiveness of myeloid progenitor cells to growth environment. BMC Cell Biol 2010; 11:30. [PMID: 20433722 PMCID: PMC2874763 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-11-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haematopoiesis is a process of formation of mature blood cells from hematopoietic progenitors in bone marrow. Haematopoietic progenitors are stimulated by growth factors and cytokines to proliferate and differentiate, and they die via apoptosis when these factors are depleted. An aberrant response to growth environment may lead to haematological disorders. Bomapin (serpinb10) is a hematopoietic- and myeloid leukaemia-specific protease inhibitor with unknown function. RESULTS We found that the majority of naturally expressed bomapin was located in the nucleus. Both the natural and recombinant bomapin had a disulfide bond which linked the only two bomapin cysteines: one located in the CD-loop and the other near the C-terminus. Computer modelling showed that the cysteines are distant in the reduced bomapin, but can easily be disulfide-linked without distortion of the overall bomapin structure. Low-level ectopic expression of bomapin in bomapin-deficient K562 cells resulted in about 90% increased cell proliferation under normal growth conditions. On the other hand, antisense-downregulation of natural bomapin in U937 cells resulted in a decreased cell proliferation. Bomapin C395S mutant, representing the reduced form of the serpin, had no effect on cell proliferation, suggesting that the disulfide bond-linked conformation of bomapin is biologically important. The bomapin-dependent effect was specific for myeloid cells, since ectopic expression of the serpin in HT1080 cells did not change cell proliferation. In contrast to the survival-promoting activity of bomapin in cells cultured under optimal growth conditions, bomapin enhanced cell apoptosis following growth factor withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS We propose that bomapin is a redox-sensitive nuclear serpin that augments proliferation or apoptosis of leukaemia cells, depending on growth factors availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Przygodzka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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13
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Tonnetti L, Netzel-Arnett S, Darnell GA, Hayes T, Buzza MS, Anglin IE, Suhrbier A, Antalis TM. SerpinB2 protection of retinoblastoma protein from calpain enhances tumor cell survival. Cancer Res 2008; 68:5648-57. [PMID: 18632617 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-5850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor retinoblastoma protein (Rb) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cell proliferation and sensitivity to apoptosis through binding to E2F transcription factors. Loss of Rb in response to genotoxic stress or inflammatory cytokines can enhance cell death, in part, by eliminating Rb-mediated repression of proapoptotic gene transcription. Here we show that calpain cleavage of Rb facilitates Rb loss by proteasome degradation and that this may occur during tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis. The cytoprotective, Rb-binding protein SerpinB2 (plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2) protects Rb from calpain cleavage, increasing Rb levels and enhancing cell survival. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays show that the increased Rb levels selectively enhance Rb repression of proapoptotic gene transcription. This cytoprotective role of SerpinB2 is illustrated by reduced susceptibility of SerpinB2-deficient mice to multistage skin carcinogenesis, where Rb-dependent cell proliferation competes with apoptosis during initiation of papilloma development. These data identify SerpinB2 as a cell survival factor that modulates Rb repression of proapoptotic signal transduction and define a new posttranslational mechanism for selective regulation of the intracellular levels of Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tonnetti
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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14
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Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are a family of proteins that are important in the regulation of several biological processes. This mainly involves the inhibition of serine proteases, although some serpins inhibit a different class of proteases or even function without inhibitory activity. In contrast to other protease inhibitor families, serpins inhibit their target proteases by a specific mechanism, which depends on a change in conformation. This review primarily focuses on one subgroup of serpins--ovalbumin (ov)-serpins. Different than most members of the family, this group of serpins lacks secretion signal sequences and therefore, mainly functions intracellularly. In addition to expression in most normal tissues, ov-serpins can be found in multiple different cells of the immune system. Interestingly, expression of ov-serpins in these cells is tightly regulated, indicating a role for these serpins in the regulation of immune responses. The role of serpins in the immune response will be the topic of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bots
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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15
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Duan S, Huang RS, Zhang W, Bleibel WK, Roe CA, Clark TA, Chen TX, Schweitzer AC, Blume JE, Cox NJ, Dolan ME. Genetic architecture of transcript-level variation in humans. Am J Hum Genet 2008; 82:1101-13. [PMID: 18439551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the results of testing the pairwise association of 12,747 transcriptional gene-expression values with more than two million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in samples of European (CEPH from Utah; CEU) and African (Yoruba from Ibadan; YRI) ancestry. We found 4,677 and 5,125 significant associations between expression quantitative nucleotides (eQTNs) and transcript clusters in the CEU and the YRI samples, respectively. The physical distance between an eQTN and its associated transcript cluster was referred to as the intrapair distance. An association with 4 Mb or less intrapair distance was defined as local; otherwise, it was defined as distant. The enrichment analysis of functional categories shows that genes harboring the local eQTNs are enriched in the categories related to nucleosome and chromatin assembly; the genes harboring the distant eQTNs are enriched in the categories related to transmembrane signal transduction, suggesting that these biological pathways are likely to play a significant role in regulation of gene expression. We highlight in the EPHX1 gene a deleterious nonsynonymous SNP that is distantly associated with gene expression of ORMDL3, a susceptibility gene for asthma.
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16
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Kummer JA, Micheau O, Schneider P, Bovenschen N, Broekhuizen R, Quadir R, Strik MCM, Hack CE, Tschopp J. Ectopic expression of the serine protease inhibitor PI9 modulates death receptor-mediated apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2007; 14:1486-96. [PMID: 17479112 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a highly controlled process, whose triggering is associated with the activation of caspases. Apoptosis can be induced via a subgroup of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, which recruit and activate pro-caspase-8 and -10. Regulation of apoptosis is achieved by several inhibitors, including c-FLICE-inhibitory protein, which prevents apoptosis by inhibiting the pro-apoptotic activation of upstream caspases. Here we show that the human intracellular serine protease inhibitor (serpin), protease inhibitor 9 (PI9), inhibits TNF-, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand- and Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis in certain TNF-sensitive cell lines. The reactive center P1 residue of PI9 was required for this inhibition since PI9 harboring a Glu --> Ala mutation in its reactive center failed to impair death receptor-induced cell death. This suggests a classical serpin-protease interaction. Indeed, PI9 inhibited apoptotic death by directly interacting with the intermediate active forms of caspase-8 and -10. This indicates that PI9 can regulate pro-apoptotic apical caspases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kummer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, BIL Biomedical Research Center, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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17
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Zhen G, Park SW, Nguyenvu LT, Rodriguez MW, Barbeau R, Paquet AC, Erle DJ. IL-13 and epidermal growth factor receptor have critical but distinct roles in epithelial cell mucin production. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2006; 36:244-53. [PMID: 16980555 PMCID: PMC1899314 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2006-0180oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Overproduction of mucus is a central feature of asthma. The cytokine, IL-13, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and transcription factor, FOXA2, have each been implicated in mucus production, but the mechanistic relationships between these molecules are not yet well understood. To address this, we established a primary normal human bronchial epithelial cell culture system with IL-13-induced mucus production and gene transcript expression changes similar to those seen in vivo in mice. IL-13 did not stimulate release of the EGFR ligand, transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha. However, there was constitutive release of TGF-alpha from normal human bronchial epithelial cells, and inhibition of TGF-alpha or EGFR reduced both constitutive and IL-13-induced mucin production. Microarray analysis revealed that IL-13 and the EGFR pathway appear to have almost completely independent effects on transcript expression. IL-13 induced a relatively small set of transcripts, including several novel transcripts that might play a role in pathogenesis of allergic airway disease. In contrast, EGFR activity had extensive effects, including altered expression of many transcripts associated with cell metabolism, survival, transcription, and differentiation. One of the few common effects of IL-13 and EGFR signaling was decreased expression of FOXA2, which is known to prevent mucus production. We conclude that the IL-13 and EGFR pathways make critical but quite distinct contributions to gene regulation in airway epithelial cells, and that both pathways affect expression of the key transcription factor, FOXA2, a known regulator of mucus production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Zhen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-2922, USA
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18
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Belin D, Guzman LM, Bost S, Konakova M, Silva F, Beckwith J. Functional activity of eukaryotic signal sequences in Escherichia coli: the ovalbumin family of serine protease inhibitors. J Mol Biol 2004; 335:437-53. [PMID: 14672654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2003.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
It is widely assumed that the functional activity of signal sequences has been conserved throughout evolution, at least between Gram-negative bacteria and eukaryotes. The ovalbumin family of serine protease inhibitors (serpins) provides a unique tool to test this assumption, since individual members can be secreted (ovalbumin), cytosolic (leukocyte elastase inhibitor, LEI), or targeted to both compartments (plasminogen activator inhibitor 2, PAI-2). The facultative secretion of PAI-2 is mediated by a signal sequence proposed to be inefficient by design. We show here that the same internal domain that promotes an inefficient translocation of murine PAI-2 in mammalian cells is a weak signal sequence in Escherichia coli. In contrast, the ovalbumin signal sequence is much more efficient, whereas the corresponding sequence elements from LEI, maspin and PI-10 are entirely devoid of signal sequence activity in E.coli. Mutations that improve the activity of the PAI-2 signal sequence and that convert the N-terminal regions of maspin and PI-10 into efficient signal sequences have been characterized. Taken together, these results indicate that several structural features contribute to the weak activity of the PAI-2 signal sequence and provide new insights into the plasticity of the "hydrophobic core" of signal sequences. High-level expression of two chimeric proteins containing the PAI-2 signal sequence is toxic, and the reduced viability is accompanied by a rapid decrease in the membrane proton motive force, in ATP levels and in translation. In unc- cells, which lack the F0F1 ATP-synthase, the chimeric proteins retain their toxicity and their expression only affected the proton motive force. Thus, the properties of these toxic signal sequences offer a new tool to dissect the interactions of signal sequences with the protein export machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Belin
- Département de Pathologie, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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19
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Stewart LV, Song K, Hsing AY, Danielpour D. Regulation of trespin expression by modulators of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis in prostatic epithelial cells. Exp Cell Res 2003; 284:303-15. [PMID: 12651162 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4827(02)00037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We recently identified a novel rat ov-serpin, Trespin, which inhibits the trypsin-like serine proteinase plasmin and is expressed in several tissues, including prostate. In this report Trespin expression was studied in prostatic cell lines, NRP-152, NRP-154, and DP-153, derived from the Lobund-Wistar rat. Northern blots revealed Trespin mRNA is expressed in NRP-152 and DP-153 basal epithelial cell lines but not in the luminal line, NRP-154. Similarly, Trespin levels drop >30-fold following transdifferentiation of NRP-152 cells toward a luminal variant, further suggesting Trespin expression is specific for basal prostatic epithelial cells. Trespin expression in NRP-152 cells is up-regulated by dexamethasone (Dex) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), each of which stimulate growth and prevent differentiation and apoptosis. However, Dex (alone) facilitates loss of Trespin by TGF-beta, yet enhances the ability of LR(3)-IGF-I to reverse such loss, similar to the pattern of apoptosis induced by TGF-beta. Likewise, several apoptosis inducers markedly decrease Trespin mRNA levels. HEK293 cells stably overexpressing Trespin display increased cell proliferation and partial resistance to growth inhibition and phosphorylation of c-Jun induced by the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Together these data strongly suggest that Trespin has critical functions tied to the regulation of growth, differentiation, and apoptosis of prostatic epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- LaMonica V Stewart
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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20
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Chipuk JE, Stewart LV, Ranieri A, Song K, Danielpour D. Identification and characterization of a novel rat ov-serpin family member, trespin. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:26412-21. [PMID: 11986314 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m201244200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Serpins are responsible for regulating a variety of proteolytic processes through a unique irreversible suicide substrate mechanism. To discover novel genes regulated by transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta 1), we performed differential display reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis of NRP-152 rat prostatic epithelial cells and cloned a novel rat serpin that is transcriptionally down-regulated by TGF-beta and hence named trespin (TGF-beta-repressible serine proteinase inhibitor (trespin). Trespin is a 397-amino acid member of the ov-serpin clade with a calculated molecular mass of 45.2 kDa and 72% amino acid sequence homology to human bomapin; however, trespin exhibits different tissue expression, cellular localization, and proteinase specificity compared with bomapin. Trespin mRNA is expressed in many tissues, including brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, prostate, skin, spleen, and stomach. FLAG-trespin expressed in HEK293 cells is localized predominantly in the cytoplasm and is not constitutively secreted. The presence of an arginine at the P1 position of trespin's reactive site loop suggests that trespin inhibits trypsin-like proteinases. Accordingly, in vitro transcribed and translated trespin forms detergent-stable and thermostable complexes with plasmin and elastase but not subtilisin A, trypsin, chymotrypsin, thrombin, or papain. Trespin interacts with plasmin at a near 1:1 stoichiometry, and immunopurified mammal-expressed trespin inhibits plasmin in a dose-dependent manner. These data suggest that trespin is a novel and functional member of the rat ov-serpin family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry E Chipuk
- Ireland Cancer Center Research Laboratories and Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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21
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Jiang N, Meng Y, Zhang S, Mensah-Osman E, Sheng S. Maspin sensitizes breast carcinoma cells to induced apoptosis. Oncogene 2002; 21:4089-98. [PMID: 12037665 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2001] [Revised: 03/15/2002] [Accepted: 03/19/2002] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Maspin, a novel serine protease inhibitor (serpin), suppresses the growth and metastasis of breast tumor in vivo. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. In the current study, we report the first evidence that endogenous maspin expression in mammary carcinoma cells MDA-MB-435 enhanced staurosporine (STS)-induced apoptosis as judged by the increased fragmentation of DNA, increased proteolytic inactivation of poly-[ADP-ribose]-polymerase (PARP), as well as the increased activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3. In parallel, recombinant maspin did not directly regulate the proteolytic activities of either caspase-3 or caspase-8 in vitro. Consistent with this result, maspin expressing normal mammary epithelial cells underwent more rapid STS-induced apoptosis as compared to breast carcinoma cells. Interestingly, maspin transfectant cells did not undergo spontaneous apoptosis in the absence of STS. Moreover, neither purified maspin protein added from outside nor endogenous maspin secreted to the cell culture media sensitized cells to STS-induced apoptosis. To investigate the structural determinants of maspin in its apoptosis-sensitizing effect, MDA-MB-435 cells were also transfected with maspin/PAI-1 and PAI-1/maspin chimeric constructs resulting from swapping the N-terminal and the C-terminal domains between maspin and PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1). The resulting stable transfectant clones expressing maspin/PAI-1 and PAI-1/maspin, respectively, did not undergo spontaneous apoptosis, and were similarly inhibited as maspin transfectant cells in motility assay. Interestingly, however, expression of both maspin/PAI-1 and PAI-1/maspin in MDA-MB-435 cells failed to sensitize these cells to STS-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our evidence provides new insights into the complex molecular mechanisms of maspin that may suppress breast tumor progression not only at the step of invasion and motility, but also by regulating tumor cell apoptosis. The sensitizing effect of maspin on apoptosis is to be contrasted by the pro-survival effect of several other serpins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, Michigan, MI 48201, USA
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22
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Bladergroen BA, Meijer CJLM, ten Berge RL, Hack CE, Muris JJF, Dukers DF, Chott A, Kazama Y, Oudejans JJ, van Berkum O, Kummer JA. Expression of the granzyme B inhibitor, protease inhibitor 9, by tumor cells in patients with non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma: a novel protective mechanism for tumor cells to circumvent the immune system? Blood 2002; 99:232-7. [PMID: 11756176 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v99.1.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In tumor cells, the serine protease granzyme B is the primary mediator of apoptosis induced by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)/natural killer (NK) cells. The human intracellular serpin proteinase inhibitor 9 (PI9) is the only known human protein able to inhibit the proteolytic activity of granzyme B. When present in the cytoplasm of T lymphocytes, PI9 is thought to protect CTLs against apoptosis induced by their own misdirected granzyme B. Based on the speculation that tumors may also express PI9 to escape CTL/NK cell surveillance, immunohistochemical studies on the expression of PI9 in various lymphomas were performed. Ninety-two cases of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), 75 cases of B-cell NHL, and 57 cases of Hodgkin lymphomas were stained with a PI9-specific monoclonal antibody. In T-cell NHL, highest PI9 expression was found in the extranodal T-cell NHL. In nearly 90% of enteropathy-type T-cell NHLs and 80% of NK/T-cell, nasal-type lymphomas, the majority of the tumor cells expressed PI9. In nodal T-anaplastic large cell lymphomas and peripheral T-cell lymphomas (not otherwise specified), PI9 expression occurred less frequently. In B-cell NHL, PI9 expression was associated with high-grade malignancy; 43% of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas showed PI9(+) tumor cells. Finally, PI9 expression was also found in 10% of Hodgkin lymphomas. This is the first report describing the expression of the granzyme B inhibitor PI9 in human neoplastic cells in vivo. Expression of this inhibitor is yet another mechanism used by tumor cells to escape their elimination by cytotoxic lymphocytes.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Apoptosis
- Granzymes
- Histocytochemistry
- Hodgkin Disease/immunology
- Hodgkin Disease/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/immunology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/metabolism
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/metabolism
- Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Serpins/analysis
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/enzymology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
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Morris EC, Carrell RW, Coughlin PB. Intracellular serpins in haemopoietic and peripheral blood cells. Br J Haematol 2001; 115:758-66. [PMID: 11843806 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.03157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E C Morris
- Department of Haematology, University College Hospital, London, UK
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Ogbourne SM, Antalis TM. Characterisation of PAUSE-1, a powerful silencer in the human plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 gene promoter. Nucleic Acids Res 2001; 29:3919-27. [PMID: 11574673 PMCID: PMC60233 DOI: 10.1093/nar/29.19.3919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) is a serine protease inhibitor traditionally regarded as a regulator of fibrinolysis and extracellular matrix degradation. More recently, PAI-2 has been implicated in diverse processes such as keratinocyte differentiation, cell death and viral pathogenesis. The PAI-2 promoter tightly regulates PAI-2 gene expression in a cell-specific manner and this control is mediated, in part, by the upstream silencer element, PAUSE-1. Here we have defined PAUSE-1 and investigated its activity as a silencer. A series of mutations were generated within the PAUSE-1 element and analysed for transcription factor binding and transcriptional silencing activity. These studies have defined the minimal functional PAUSE-1 element as TCTN(x)AGAN(3)T(4), where x = 0, 2 or 4. Examination of related elements present in other promoters, such as the human IFNbeta promoter, suggests that PAUSE-1 is a member of a family of universal silencers with the consensus sequence TCTN(x)AGA. UV crosslinking analyses determined that the PAUSE-1 binding protein was approximately 67 kDa. Insertion of PAUSE-1 into the heterologous (SV40) or the minimal PAI-2 promoters silenced transcription by 2.5-fold. These data show that PAUSE-1 acts as a powerful silencer of PAI-2 gene transcription and is likely to be important in the silencing of other genes as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Ogbourne
- Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, Queensland Cancer Fund Experimental Oncology Program, University of Queensland, 4029 Queensland, Australia
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