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Kommoju V, Mariaselvam CM, Bulusu SN, Michael BNR, Kavadichanda C, Thabah MM, Negi VS. Rheumatoid arthritis autologous synovial fluid affects the plasticity and function of peripheral and induced T regulatory cells in vitro. Immunol Lett 2024; 267:106859. [PMID: 38670465 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The synovial fluid (SF) microenvironment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may alter the stability and function of Tregs. In the present study, we assessed cytokine levels and percentage of Tregs, Tregs expressing CXCR3 (Th1-like Treg), CCR6 (Th17-like Treg) in RA peripheral blood (PB) and RA-SF using fluorescence cytometry. Effect of autologous SF on plasticity and function of RA-PB Tregs (pTregs; CD4+CD25hiCD127Lo/-) and induced vimentin-pulsed Tregs (iTregsVIM) was assessed in vitro. Cytokines and percentage of Th1-like and Th17-like Tregs were higher in RA-PB than OA-PB; higher in RA-SF than osteoarthritis (OA)-SF. Compared to OA-SF exposed OA-pTregs, RA-SF exposed RA-pTregs showed higher percentage of Th1-like (11% vs 20%) and Th17-like (16% vs 36%) Tregs; higher T-bet (p = 0.0001), RORγ (p = 0.0001) and lower FOXP3 (p = 0.0001) gene expression; and diminished percentage suppression of autologous T effector cells (36% vs 74%). RA-SF exposed iTregsVIM showed increased percentage of Th1-like and Th17-like Tregs compared to iTregsVIM exposed to AB serum (8% vs 0.1%; 21% vs 0.1%). IL-2, Tocilizumab and 5-azacytidine reduced the conversion of iTregsVIM (8% vs 2.4%; 21% vs 6.9%), when used in combination. To conclude, microenvironment in the RA synovial fluid is possibly responsible for conversion of pTregs into Th-like Tregs and their functional loss. A blockade of cytokine receptors and methyl transferases could inhibit Tregs conversion, providing clinical relevance for future Tregs targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vallayyachari Kommoju
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry 605 006, India
| | - Christina Mary Mariaselvam
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry 605 006, India
| | - Sree Nethra Bulusu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry 605 006, India
| | - Benita Nancy Reni Michael
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry 605 006, India
| | - Chengappa Kavadichanda
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry 605 006, India
| | - Molly Mary Thabah
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry 605 006, India
| | - Vir Singh Negi
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry 605 006, India; All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh 174001, India.
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2
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Woods R, Lorusso J, Fletcher J, ElTaher H, McEwan F, Harris I, Kowash H, D'Souza SW, Harte M, Hager R, Glazier JD. Maternal immune activation and role of placenta in the prenatal programming of neurodevelopmental disorders. Neuronal Signal 2023; 7:NS20220064. [PMID: 37332846 PMCID: PMC10273029 DOI: 10.1042/ns20220064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal infection during pregnancy, leading to maternal immune activation (mIA) and cytokine release, increases the offspring risk of developing a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including schizophrenia. Animal models have provided evidence to support these mechanistic links, with placental inflammatory responses and dysregulation of placental function implicated. This leads to changes in fetal brain cytokine balance and altered epigenetic regulation of key neurodevelopmental pathways. The prenatal timing of such mIA-evoked changes, and the accompanying fetal developmental responses to an altered in utero environment, will determine the scope of the impacts on neurodevelopmental processes. Such dysregulation can impart enduring neuropathological changes, which manifest subsequently in the postnatal period as altered neurodevelopmental behaviours in the offspring. Hence, elucidation of the functional changes that occur at the molecular level in the placenta is vital in improving our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of NDDs. This has notable relevance to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, where inflammatory responses in the placenta to SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and NDDs in early childhood have been reported. This review presents an integrated overview of these collective topics and describes the possible contribution of prenatal programming through placental effects as an underlying mechanism that links to NDD risk, underpinned by altered epigenetic regulation of neurodevelopmental pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Woods
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Jarred M. Lorusso
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Jennifer Fletcher
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Heidi ElTaher
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Francesca McEwan
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Isabella Harris
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Hager M. Kowash
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, U.K
| | - Stephen W. D'Souza
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, U.K
| | - Michael Harte
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Reinmar Hager
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Jocelyn D. Glazier
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
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3
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DNA Methylation in Regulatory T Cell Differentiation and Function: Challenges and Opportunities. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091282. [PMID: 36139121 PMCID: PMC9496199 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a bona fide epigenetic marker, DNA methylation has been linked to the differentiation and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells, a subset of CD4 T cells that play an essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis and suppressing autoimmunity and antitumor immune response. DNA methylation undergoes dynamic regulation involving maintenance of preexisting patterns, passive and active demethylation, and de novo methylation. Scattered evidence suggests that these processes control different stages of Treg cell lifespan ranging from lineage induction to cell fate maintenance, suppression of effector T cells and innate immune cells, and transdifferentiation. Despite significant progress, it remains to be fully explored how differential DNA methylation regulates Treg cell fate and immunological function. Here, we review recent progress and discuss the questions and challenges for further understanding the immunological roles and mechanisms of dynamic DNA methylation in controlling Treg cell differentiation and function. We also explore the opportunities that these processes offer to manipulate Treg cell suppressive function for therapeutic purposes by targeting DNA methylation.
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Alimohammadi M, Makaremi S, Rahimi A, Asghariazar V, Taghadosi M, Safarzadeh E. DNA methylation changes and inflammaging in aging-associated diseases. Epigenomics 2022; 14:965-986. [PMID: 36043685 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging as an inevitable phenomenon is associated with pervasive changes in physiological functions. There is a relationship between aging and the increase of several chronic diseases. Most age-related disorders are accompanied by an underlying chronic inflammatory state, as demonstrated by local infiltration of inflammatory cells and greater levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the bloodstream. Within inflammaging, many epigenetic events, especially DNA methylation, change. During the aging process, due to aberrations of DNA methylation, biological processes are disrupted, leading to the emergence or progression of a variety of human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The focus of this review is on DNA methylation, which is involved in inflammaging-related activities, and how its dysregulation leads to human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Shima Makaremi
- School of Medicine & Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 5618985991, Iran
| | - Ali Rahimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 5618985991, Iran
| | - Vahid Asghariazar
- Deputy of Research & Technology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 5618985991, Iran
| | - Mahdi Taghadosi
- Department of Immunology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714869914, Iran
| | - Elham Safarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, & Immunology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 5618985991, Iran
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Rysz J, Franczyk B, Rysz-Górzyńska M, Gluba-Brzózka A. Are Alterations in DNA Methylation Related to CKD Development? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137108. [PMID: 35806113 PMCID: PMC9267048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The modifications in genomic DNA methylation are involved in the regulation of normal and pathological cellular processes. The epigenetic regulation stimulates biological plasticity as an adaptive response to variations in environmental factors. The role of epigenetic changes is vital for the development of some diseases, including atherogenesis, cancers, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The results of studies presented in this review have suggested that altered DNA methylation can modulate the expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic genes, as well those essential for kidney development and function, thus stimulating renal disease progression. Abnormally increased homocysteine, hypoxia, and inflammation have been suggested to alter epigenetic regulation of gene expression in CKD. Studies of renal samples have demonstrated the relationship between variations in DNA methylation and fibrosis and variations in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in human CKD. The unravelling of the genetic–epigenetic profile would enhance our understanding of processes underlying the development of CKD. The understanding of multifaceted relationship between DNA methylation, genes expression, and disease development and progression could improve the ability to identify individuals at risk of CKD and enable the choice of appropriate disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 113 Żeromskego Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 113 Żeromskego Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Magdalena Rysz-Górzyńska
- Department of Otolaryngology, Laryngological Oncology, Audiology and Phoniatrics, Medical Univesity of Lodz, 113 Żeromskego Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 113 Żeromskego Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Barouti Z, Heidari-Beni M, Shabanian-Boroujeni A, Mohammadzadeh M, Pahlevani V, Poursafa P, Mohebpour F, Kelishadi R. Effects of DNA methylation on cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:150. [PMID: 35655232 PMCID: PMC9161587 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenetic changes, especially DNA methylation have a main role in regulating cardiometabolic disorders and their risk factors. This study provides a review of the current evidence on the association between methylation of some genes (LINE1, ABCG1, SREBF1, PHOSPHO1, ADRB3, and LEP) and cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar and Scopus up to end of 2020. All observational human studies (cross-sectional, case–control, and cohort) were included. Studies that assessed the effect of DNA methylation on cardiometabolic risk factors were selected. Results Among 1398 articles, eight studies and twenty-one studies were included in the meta-analysis and the systematic review, respectively. Our study showed ABCG1 and LINE1 methylation were positively associated with blood pressure (Fisher’s zr = 0.07 (0.06, 0.09), 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.08). Methylation in LINE1, ABCG1, SREBF1, PHOSPHO1 and ADRB3 had no significant association with HDL levels (Fisher’s zr = − 0.05 (− 0.13, 0.03), 95% CI:-0.12 to 0.02). Positive association was existed between LINE1, ABCG1 and LEP methylation and LDL levels (Fisher’s zr = 0.13 (0.04, 0.23), 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.23). Moreover, positive association was found between HbA1C and ABCG1 methylation (Fisher’s zr = 0.11 (0.09, 0.13), 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.12). DNA methylation of LINE1, ABCG1 and SREBF1 genes had no significant association with glucose levels (Fisher’s zr = 0.01 (− 0.12, 0.14), 95% CI:-0.12 to 0.14). Conclusion This meta-analysis showed that DNA methylation was associated with some cardiometabolic risk factors including LDL-C, HbA1C, and blood pressure. Registration Registration ID of the protocol on PROSPERO is CRD42020207677.
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Wei K, Jiang P, Zhao J, Jin Y, Zhang R, Chang C, Xu L, Xu L, Shi Y, Guo S, He D. Biomarkers to Predict DMARDs Efficacy and Adverse Effect in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865267. [PMID: 35418971 PMCID: PMC8995470 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), one of the most common immune system diseases, mainly affects middle-aged and elderly individuals and has a serious impact on the quality of life of patients. Pain and disability caused by RA are significant symptoms negatively affecting patients, and they are especially seen when inappropriate treatment is administered. Effective therapeutic strategies have evolved over the past few decades, with many new disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) being used in the clinic. Owing to the breakthrough in the treatment of RA, the symptoms of patients who could not be treated effectively in the past few years have been relieved. However, some patients complain about symptoms that have not been reported, implying that there are still some limitations in the RA treatment and evaluation system. In recent years, biomarkers, an effective means of diagnosing and evaluating the condition of patients with RA, have gradually been used in clinical practice to evaluate the therapeutic effect of RA, which is constantly being improved for accurate application of treatment in patients with RA. In this article, we summarize a series of biomarkers that may be helpful in evaluating the therapeutic effect and improving the efficiency of clinical treatment for RA. These efforts may also encourage researchers to devote more time and resources to the study and application of biomarkers, resulting in a new evaluation system that will reduce the inappropriate use of DMARDs, as well as patients’ physical pain and financial burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wei
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianan Zhao
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yehua Jin
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Runrun Zhang
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Cen Chang
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxia Xu
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Linshuai Xu
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Shi
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, United States.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dongyi He
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
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8
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Aigner GP, Nenning P, Fiechtner B, Šrut M, Höckner M. DNA Methylation and Detoxification in the Earthworm Lumbricus terrestris Exposed to Cadmium and the DNA Demethylation Agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. TOXICS 2022; 10:100. [PMID: 35202286 PMCID: PMC8879108 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms are well-established model organisms for testing the effects of heavy metal pollution. How DNA methylation affects cadmium (Cd) detoxification processes such as the expression of metallothionein 2 (MT2), however, is largely unknown. We therefore exposed Lumbricus terrestris to 200 mg concentrations of Cd and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (Aza), a demethylating agent, and sampled tissue and coelomocytes, cells of the innate immune system, for 48 h. MT2 transcription significantly increased in the Cd- and Cd-Aza-treated groups. In tissue samples, a significant decrease in MT2 in the Aza-treated group was detected, showing that Aza treatment inhibits basal MT2 gene activity but has no effect on Cd-induced MT2 levels. Although Cd repressed the gene expression of DNA-(cytosine-5)-methyltransferase-1 (DNMT1), which is responsible for maintaining DNA methylation, DNMT activity was unchanged, meaning that methylation maintenance was not affected in coelomocytes. The treatment did not influence DNMT3, which mediates de novo methylation, TET gene expression, which orchestrates demethylation, and global levels of hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), a product of the demethylation process. Taken together, this study indicates that Aza inhibits basal gene activity, in contrast to Cd-induced MT2 gene expression, but does not affect global DNA methylation. We therefore conclude that Cd detoxification based on the induction of MT2 does not relate to DNA methylation changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Martina Höckner
- Department of Zoology, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (G.P.A.); (P.N.); (B.F.); (M.Š.)
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9
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Couch ACM, Berger T, Hanger B, Matuleviciute R, Srivastava DP, Thuret S, Vernon AC. Maternal immune activation primes deficiencies in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:410-422. [PMID: 34352366 PMCID: PMC8478664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis, the process in which new neurons are generated, occurs throughout life in the mammalian hippocampus. Decreased adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is a common feature across psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, depression- and anxiety-related behaviours, and is highly regulated by environmental influences. Epidemiological studies have consistently implicated maternal immune activation (MIA) during neurodevelopment as a risk factor for psychiatric disorders in adulthood. The extent to which the reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis in adulthood may be driven by early life exposures, such as MIA, is however unclear. We therefore reviewed the literature for evidence of the involvement of MIA in disrupting AHN. Consistent with our hypothesis, data from both in vivo murine and in vitro human models of AHN provide evidence for key roles of specific cytokines induced by MIA in the foetal brain in disrupting hippocampal neural progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation early in development. The precise molecular mechanisms however remain unclear. Nonetheless, these data suggest a potential latent vulnerability mechanism, whereby MIA primes dysfunction in the unique hippocampal pool of neural stem/progenitor cells. This renders offspring potentially more susceptible to additional environmental exposures later in life, such as chronic stress, resulting in the unmasking of psychopathology. We highlight the need for studies to test this hypothesis using validated animal models of MIA, but also to test the relevance of such data for human pathology at a molecular basis through the use of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) differentiated into hippocampal progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie C M Couch
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bjørn Hanger
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Deepak P Srivastava
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony C Vernon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK.
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10
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Wang J, Yang J, Li D, Li J. Technologies for targeting DNA methylation modifications: Basic mechanism and potential application in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188454. [PMID: 33075468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation abnormalities are regarded as critical event for cancer initiation and development. Tumor-associated genes encompassing aberrant DNA methylation alterations at specific locus are correlated with chromatin remodeling and dysregulation of gene expression in various malignancies. Thus, technologies designed to manipulate DNA methylation at specific loci of genome are necessary for the functional study and therapeutic application in the context of cancer management. Traditionally, the method for DNA methylation modifications demonstrates an unspecific feature, adversely causing global-genome epigenetic alterations and confusing the function of desired gene. Novel approaches for targeted DNA methylation regulation have a great advantage of manipulating gene epigenetic alterations in a more specific and efficient method. In this review, we described different targeting DNA methylation techniques, including both their advantages and limitations. Through a comprehensive understanding of these targeting tools, we hope to open a new perspective for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, P.R. China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, P.R. China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, P.R. China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, P.R. China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.
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11
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Hunter DJ, James L, Hussey B, Wadley AJ, Lindley MR, Mastana SS. Impact of aerobic exercise and fatty acid supplementation on global and gene-specific DNA methylation. Epigenetics 2019; 14:294-309. [PMID: 30764736 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1582276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle interventions, including exercise and dietary supplementation, can modify DNA methylation and exert health benefits; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we investigated the impact of acute aerobic exercise and the supplementation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on global and gene-specific (PPARGC1A, IL6 and TNF) DNA methylation, and DNMT mRNA expression in leukocytes of disease-free individuals. Eight trained male cyclists completed an exercise test before and after a four-week supplementation of n-3 PUFA and EVOO in a double-blind, randomised, repeated measures design. Exercise triggered global hypomethylation (Pre 79.2%; Post 78.7%; p = 0.008), alongside, hypomethylation (Pre 6.9%; Post 6.3%; p < 0.001) and increased mRNA expression of PPARGC1A (p < 0.001). Associations between PPARGC1A methylation and exercise performance were also detected. An interaction between supplement and trial was detected for a single CpG of IL6 indicating increased DNA methylation following n-3 PUFA and decreased methylation following EVOO (p = 0.038). Global and gene-specific DNA methylation associated with markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. The supplementation of EVOO reduced DNMT1 mRNA expression compared to n-3 PUFA supplementation (p = 0.048), whereas, DNMT3a (p = 0.018) and DNMT3b (p = 0.046) mRNA expression were decreased following exercise. In conclusion, we demonstrate that acute exercise and dietary supplementation of n-3 PUFAs and EVOO induce DNA methylation changes in leukocytes, potentially via the modulation of DNMT mRNA expression. Future studies are required to further elucidate the impact of lifestyle interventions on DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David John Hunter
- a Translational Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK.,b National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK
| | - Lynsey James
- a Translational Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK.,b National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK
| | - Bethan Hussey
- a Translational Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK.,b National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK
| | - Alex J Wadley
- b National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK.,c University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Infirmary Square , Leicester , UK
| | - Martin R Lindley
- a Translational Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK.,b National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK
| | - Sarabjit S Mastana
- a Translational Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK.,b National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK
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12
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13
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Mahmoudi S, Xu L, Brunet A. Turning back time with emerging rejuvenation strategies. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:32-43. [PMID: 30602763 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with the functional decline of all tissues and a striking increase in many diseases. Although ageing has long been considered a one-way street, strategies to delay and potentially even reverse the ageing process have recently been developed. Here, we review four emerging rejuvenation strategies-systemic factors, metabolic manipulations, senescent cell ablation and cellular reprogramming-and discuss their mechanisms of action, cellular targets, potential trade-offs and application to human ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Mahmoudi
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lucy Xu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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14
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Morais Junior GS, Souza VC, Machado-Silva W, Henriques AD, Avelar GG, Perez DIV, Lima RM, Silva RJS, Brito CJ, Nóbrega OT. Resistance Training Modulates the Humoral Inflammatory (but Not the DNA Methylation) Profile of Diabetic Older Adults Using Metformin. Neuroimmunomodulation 2019; 26:208-216. [PMID: 31553998 DOI: 10.1159/000502746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Inflammatory and methylation imbalances occur in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of acute resistance exercise on the inflammatory profile and on DNA methylation of elderly patients with T2DM using metformin. METHODS For this purpose, we enrolled 22 male and female older adults (68.2 ± 5.3 years), of whom 13 had controlled T2DM (D) under metformin use and 9 were nondiabetics (ND). All subjects underwent a neuromuscular circuit (8 exercises in 40 min, with each exercise performed in 3 sets of 40 s each and a 20-s interval between repetitions). RESULTS The main results indicated a significant difference between groups for baseline interleukin (IL)-10, with a higher concentration in the D group compared to the ND group (p = 0.019). An increase in IL-6 concentration after intervention was observed in group D (p = 0.035). No effect was observed in total DNA methylation within or between groups. CONCLUSIONS The resistance training protocol applied in this study modulates the IL-10 and IL-6 concentrations in elderly people with T2DM and under metformin use, possibly as a result of physiological adaptations, with no effect on nondiabetic elderly. No effects on absolute levels of DNA methylation were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinicius Carolino Souza
- Medical Faculty, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Wilcelly Machado-Silva
- Medical Faculty, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo Moreno Lima
- Medical Faculty, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Ciro José Brito
- Physical Education Department, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Otávio Toledo Nóbrega
- Medical Faculty, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil,
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Bergdolt L, Dunaevsky A. Brain changes in a maternal immune activation model of neurodevelopmental brain disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 175:1-19. [PMID: 30590095 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The developing brain is sensitive to a variety of insults. Epidemiological studies have identified prenatal exposure to infection as a risk factor for a range of neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Animal models corroborate this association and have been used to probe the contribution of gene-environment interactions to the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we review the behavior and brain phenotypes that have been characterized in MIA offspring, including the studies that have looked at the interaction between maternal immune activation and genetic risk factors for autism spectrum disorder or schizophrenia. These phenotypes include behaviors relevant to autism, schizophrenia, and other neurological disorders, alterations in brain anatomy, and structural and functional neuronal impairments. The link between maternal infection and these phenotypic changes is not fully understood, but there is increasing evidence that maternal immune activation induces prolonged immune alterations in the offspring's brain which could underlie epigenetic alterations which in turn may mediate the behavior and brain changes. These concepts will be discussed followed by a summary of the pharmacological interventions that have been tested in the maternal immune activation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Bergdolt
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Neurological Sciences, 985960 Nebraska Medical Center, 68105, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Anna Dunaevsky
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Neurological Sciences, 985960 Nebraska Medical Center, 68105, Omaha, NE, United States.
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16
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Lan X, Fu LJ, Hu ZY, Feng Q, Liu XQ, Zhang X, Chen XM, He JL, Wang YX, Ding YB. Methylated oligonucleotide (MON)-induced promoter hypermethylation is associated with repression of CDH1 expression and contributes to the migration and invasion of human trophoblast cell lines. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:1509-1520. [PMID: 27439778 DOI: 10.1071/rd16031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA cytosine-5 methylation plays a vital role in regulating the expression of E-cadherin, which is encoded by the CDH1 gene. In this study, we characterised the DNA methylation and expression pattern of CDH1 in an extravillous trophoblast cell line (HTR-8/SVneo) and two trophoblast cell lines -- JEG-3 and JAR. Promoter hypermethylation with reduced E-cadherin expression in HTR-8/SVneo cells and promoter hypomethylation with increased E-cadherin expression in JEG-3 and JAR cells were observed. Demethylation treatment significantly restored E-cadherin expression, contributing to decreases in the motility and invasiveness of HTR-8/SVneo cells. Sense-methylated oligonucleotides (MONs) labelled with Cy5 and complementary to a region of the human CDH1 promoter were designed, with the cytosines in 5'-cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3' (CpG) dinucleotides being replaced by methylated cytosines. Following MON transfection into JEG-3 cells, the level of CDH1 promoter DNA methylation as well as cell motility and invasiveness were increased and gene expression was significantly repressed. Our results indicate that MON-mediated DNA methylation of the CDH1 promoter and subsequent alterations in gene expression may contribute to trophoblast motility and invasion, suggesting a potential method for controlling the biological function of trophoblasts in vitro through epigenetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lan
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Li-Juan Fu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo-Ying Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qian Feng
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Qing Liu
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Mei Chen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Lin He
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Bin Ding
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
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17
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Basil P, Li Q, Gui H, Hui TCK, Ling VHM, Wong CCY, Mill J, McAlonan GM, Sham PC. Prenatal immune activation alters the adult neural epigenome but can be partly stabilised by a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:125. [PMID: 29967385 PMCID: PMC6028639 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An unstable epigenome is implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. This is important because the epigenome is potentially modifiable. We have previously reported that adult offspring exposed to maternal immune activation (MIA) prenatally have significant global DNA hypomethylation in the hypothalamus. However, what genes had altered methylation state, their functional effects on gene expression and whether these changes can be moderated, have not been addressed. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing (NGS) for methylome profiling in a MIA rodent model of neurodevelopmental disorders. We assessed whether differentially methylated regions (DMRs) affected the chromatin state by mapping known DNase I hypersensitivity sites (DHSs), and selected overlapping genes to confirm a functional effect of MIA on gene expression using qPCR. Finally, we tested whether methylation differences elicited by MIA could be limited by post-natal dietary (omega) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation. These experiments were conducted using hypothalamic brain tissue from 12-week-old offspring of mice injected with viral analogue PolyI:C on gestation day 9 of pregnancy or saline on gestation day 9. Half of the animals from each group were fed a diet enriched with n-3 PUFA from weaning (MIA group, n = 12 units, n = 39 mice; Control group, n = 12 units, n = 38 mice). The results confirmed our previous finding that adult offspring exposed to MIA prenatally had significant global DNA hypomethylation. Furthermore, genes linked to synaptic plasticity were over-represented among differentially methylated genes following MIA. More than 80% of MIA-induced hypomethylated sites, including those affecting chromatin state and MECP2 binding, were stabilised by the n-3 PUFA intervention. MIA resulted in increased expression of two of the 'top five' genes identified from an integrated analysis of DMRs, DHSs and MECP2 binding sites, namely Abat (t = 2.46, p < 0.02) and Gnas9 (t = 2.96, p < 0.01), although these changes were not stabilised by dietary intervention. Thus, prenatal MIA exposure impacts upon the epigenomic regulation of gene pathways linked to neurodevelopmental conditions; and many of the changes can be attenuated by a low-cost dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Basil
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China ,0000 0001 2160 926Xgrid.39382.33Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China ,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hongsheng Gui
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Tomy C. K. Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Vicki H. M. Ling
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Chloe C. Y. Wong
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cMRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Jonathan Mill
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cMRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF UK ,0000 0004 1936 8024grid.8391.3University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter University, St Luke’s Campus, Magdalen Street, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Grainne M. McAlonan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China ,0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cDepartment of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Pak-Chung Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Centre for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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18
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STAT3-mediated epigenetic silencing of FOXP3 in LADA T cells is regulated through HDAC5 and DNMT1. Clin Immunol 2018; 191:116-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Grassi D, Franz H, Vezzali R, Bovio P, Heidrich S, Dehghanian F, Lagunas N, Belzung C, Krieglstein K, Vogel T. Neuronal Activity, TGFβ-Signaling and Unpredictable Chronic Stress Modulate Transcription of Gadd45 Family Members and DNA Methylation in the Hippocampus. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:4166-4181. [PMID: 28444170 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal activity is altered in several neurological and psychiatric diseases. Upon depolarization not only neurotransmitters are released but also cytokines and other activators of signaling cascades. Unraveling their complex implication in transcriptional control in receiving cells will contribute to understand specific central nervous system (CNS) pathologies and will be of therapeutically interest. In this study we depolarized mature hippocampal neurons in vitro using KCl and revealed increased release not only of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) but also of transforming growth factor beta (TGFB). Neuronal activity together with BDNF and TGFB controls transcription of DNA modifying enzymes specifically members of the DNA-damage-inducible (Gadd) family, Gadd45a, Gadd45b, and Gadd45g. MeDIP followed by massive parallel sequencing and transcriptome analyses revealed less DNA methylation upon KCl treatment. Psychiatric disorder-related genes, namely Tshz1, Foxn3, Jarid2, Per1, Map3k5, and Arc are transcriptionally activated and demethylated upon neuronal activation. To analyze whether misexpression of Gadd45 family members are associated with psychiatric diseases, we applied unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) as established model for depression to mice. UCMS led to reduced expression of Gadd45 family members. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Gadd45 family members are new putative targets for UCMS treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Grassi
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Science and Health, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Henriette Franz
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Riccardo Vezzali
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Bovio
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heidrich
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fariba Dehghanian
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Lagunas
- Inserm U 930, Université François Rabelais, 37200 Tours, France
| | | | - Kerstin Krieglstein
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Vogel
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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20
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Tsuboi Y, Yamada H, Munetsuna E, Yamazaki M, Mizuno G, Murase Y, Ohashi K, Ishikawa H, Kondo M, Inoue T, Hashimoto S, Hamajima N, Suzuki K. Relationship between Long Interspersed Nuclear Element-1 DNA Methylation in Leukocytes and Dyslipidemia in the Japanese General Population. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 25:1231-1239. [PMID: 29628482 PMCID: PMC6249363 DOI: 10.5551/jat.43570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Aberrant global DNA methylation is involved in the development of several diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated whether the methylation of long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) in leukocytes is associated with dyslipidemia, a major risk factor for CVD, in the Japanese general population. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study consisting of 420 Japanese subjects (187 men and 233 women) without a clinical history of cancer, stroke, or ischemic heart disease. LINE-1 DNA methylation levels in leukocytes were measured using a pyrosequencing method. RESULTS Significantly higher odds ratios (ORs) for hypermethylation were observed in the high LDL cholesterol and high LDL/HDL ratio groups than the corresponding normal group (high LDLC group: OR, 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-2.96, high LDL/HDL ratio group: OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.20-3.01). Subjects with 2 or more lipid abnormalities had significantly higher ORs for hypermethylation than those with no lipid abnormality (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.11-4.82). CONCLUSION LINE-1 DNA hypermethylation in leukocytes was associated with CVD risk profiles: high LDLC, high LDL/HDL ratio, and the degree of abnormal lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Tsuboi
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences
| | - Hiroya Yamada
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Eiji Munetsuna
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Mirai Yamazaki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences
| | - Genki Mizuno
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences
| | - Yuri Murase
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences
| | - Hiroaki Ishikawa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences
| | - Mari Kondo
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences.,Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences
| | - Shuji Hashimoto
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Nobuyuki Hamajima
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences.,Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences
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21
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Garcia-Gomez A, Rodríguez-Ubreva J, Ballestar E. Epigenetic interplay between immune, stromal and cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment. Clin Immunol 2018; 196:64-71. [PMID: 29501540 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Compelling evidences highlight the critical role of the tumor microenvironment as mediator of tumor progression and immunosuppression in several types of cancer. The reciprocal interplay between neoplastic and non-tumoral host cells is mediated by direct cell-to-cell contact, soluble factors and exosomes that result in differential gene expression patterns that are driven by epigenetic mechanisms. In this regard, extensive literature has described the abnormalities in the DNA methylation status and histone modification profiles in tumor cells. However, little is known about the mechanisms of epigenetic dysregulation that participate as a consequence of the intricate crosstalk among the cells within the tumor niche. This review summarizes the current knowledge on epigenetic changes that result from the interactions between myeloid, stromal and cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment and its functional impact in both tumorigenesis and tumor progression. We also discuss potential niche-specific epigenetic biomarkers to improve the prognosis and clinical treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Garcia-Gomez
- Chromatin and Disease Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Programme (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Ubreva
- Chromatin and Disease Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Programme (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteban Ballestar
- Chromatin and Disease Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Programme (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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22
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Nair N, Wilson AG, Barton A. DNA methylation as a marker of response in rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:1323-1332. [PMID: 28836487 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex disease affecting approximately 0.5-1% of the population. While there are effective biologic therapies, in up to 40% of patients, disease activity remains inadequately controlled. Therefore, identifying factors that predict, prior to the initiation of therapy, which patients are likely to respond best to which treatment is a research priority and DNA methylation is increasingly being explored as a potential theranostic biomarker. DNA methylation is thought to play a role in RA disease pathogenesis and in mediating the relationship between genetic variants and patient outcomes. The role of DNA methylation has been most extensively explored in cancer medicine, where it has been shown to be predictive of treatment response. Studies in RA, however, are in their infancy and, while showing promise, further investigation in well-powered studies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Nair
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics & Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony G Wilson
- University College Dublin School of Medicine & Medical Science & Conway Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Barton
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics & Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal BRU, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
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23
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Current epigenetic aspects the clinical kidney researcher should embrace. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1649-1667. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), affecting 10–12% of the world’s adult population, is associated with a considerably elevated risk of serious comorbidities, in particular, premature vascular disease and death. Although a wide spectrum of causative factors has been identified and/or suggested, there is still a large gap of knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms and the complexity of the CKD phenotype. Epigenetic factors, which calibrate the genetic code, are emerging as important players in the CKD-associated pathophysiology. In this article, we review some of the current knowledge on epigenetic modifications and aspects on their role in the perturbed uraemic milieu, as well as the prospect of applying epigenotype-based diagnostics and preventive and therapeutic tools of clinical relevance to CKD patients. The practical realization of such a paradigm will require that researchers apply a holistic approach, including the full spectrum of the epigenetic landscape as well as the variability between and within tissues in the uraemic milieu.
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Remely M, Ferk F, Sterneder S, Setayesh T, Kepcija T, Roth S, Noorizadeh R, Greunz M, Rebhan I, Wagner KH, Knasmüller S, Haslberger A. Vitamin E Modifies High-Fat Diet-Induced Increase of DNA Strand Breaks, and Changes in Expression and DNA Methylation of Dnmt1 and MLH1 in C57BL/6J Male Mice. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9060607. [PMID: 28613268 PMCID: PMC5490586 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation, increased ROS production and DNA damage. Supplementation with antioxidants might ameliorate DNA damage and support epigenetic regulation of DNA repair. C57BL/6J male mice were fed a high-fat (HFD) or a control diet (CD) with and without vitamin E supplementation (4.5 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) for four months. DNA damage, DNA promoter methylation and gene expression of Dnmt1 and a DNA repair gene (MLH1) were assayed in liver and colon. The HFD resulted in organ specific changes in DNA damage, the epigenetically important Dnmt1 gene, and the DNA repair gene MLH1. Vitamin E reduced DNA damage and showed organ-specific effects on MLH1 and Dnmt1 gene expression and methylation. These results suggest that interventions with antioxidants and epigenetic active food ingredients should be developed as an effective prevention for obesity—and oxidative stress—induced health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Remely
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sonja Sterneder
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Tatjana Kepcija
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sylvia Roth
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Rahil Noorizadeh
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Martina Greunz
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Irene Rebhan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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McLoughlin KC, Kaufman AS, Schrump DS. Targeting the epigenome in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2017; 6:350-365. [PMID: 28713680 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2017.06.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesotheliomas (MPM) are notoriously refractory to conventional treatment modalities. Recent insights regarding epigenetic alterations in MPM provide the preclinical rationale for the evaluation of novel combinatorial regimens targeting the epigenome in these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin C McLoughlin
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew S Kaufman
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David S Schrump
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Zhu Y, Zhou G, Yu X, Xu Q, Wang K, Xie D, Yang Q, Wang L. LC-MS-MS quantitative analysis reveals the association between FTO and DNA methylation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175849. [PMID: 28453518 PMCID: PMC5409144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase and responsible for demethylating N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in mRNA, 3-methylthymine (m3T) in single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and 3-methyluracil (m3U) in single-stranded RNA (ssRNA). Its other function remains unknown but thousands of mammalian DNA show 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5mdC) modification and 5mdC demethylases are required for mammalian energy homeostasis and fertility. Here, we aimed to confirm whether FTO proteins can demethylate 5mdC in DNA. However, we found that FTO exhibits no potent demethylation activity against 5mdC in vitro and in vivo by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The result showed FTO demethylase has the characteristics of high substrates specificity and selectivity. In addition, we also used immunofluorescence technique to demonstrate overexpression of wild type TET2, but not FTO and mutant TET2 in Hela cells results in higher levels of 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5hmdC) generated from 5mdC. In conclusion, our results not only reveal the enzymatic activity of FTO, but also may facilitate the future discovery of proteins involved in epigenetic modification function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Guangyu Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuebin Yu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Dan Xie
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qingkai Yang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail: (QKY); (LNW)
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail: (QKY); (LNW)
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Wang J, Cui J, Chen R, Deng Y, Liao X, Wei Y, Li X, Su M, Yu J, Yi P. Prenatal Exposure to Lipopolysaccharide Alters Renal DNA Methyltransferase Expression in Rat Offspring. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169206. [PMID: 28103274 PMCID: PMC5245821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to inflammation results in hypertension during adulthood but the mechanisms are not well understood. Maternal exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alters interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the fetal environment. As reported in many recent studies, IL-6 regulates DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) through the transcription factor friend leukemia virus integration 1 (Fli-1). The present study explores the role of intrarenal DNMTs during development of hypertension induced by prenatal exposure to LPS. Pregnant rats were randomly divided into four treatment groups: control, LPS, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, a NF-κB inhibitor), and the combination of LPS and PDTC. Expression of IL-6, Fli-1, TNF-α, DNMT1 and DNMT3B was significantly increased in the offspring of LPS-treated rats. Global DNA methylation level of renal cortex also increased dramatically in rat offspring of the LPS group. Prenatal PDTC administration reversed the increases in gene expression and global DNA methylation level. These findings suggest that prenatal exposure to LPS may result in changes of intrarenal DNMTs through the IL-6/Fli-1 pathway and TNF-α, which probably involves hypertension in offspring due to maternal exposure to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinghong Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youcai Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanling Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Su
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Maiuri AR, O'Hagan HM. Interplay Between Inflammation and Epigenetic Changes in Cancer. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 144:69-117. [PMID: 27865469 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses can suppress tumorigenesis, but also contribute to cancer initiation and progression suggesting a complex interaction between the immune system and cancer. Epigenetic alterations, which are heritable changes in gene expression without changes to the DNA sequence, also play a role in carcinogenesis through silencing expression of tumor suppressor genes and activating oncogenic signaling. Interestingly, epithelial cells at sites of chronic inflammation undergo DNA methylation alterations that are similar to those present in cancer cells, suggesting that inflammation may initiate cancer-specific epigenetic changes in epithelial cells. Furthermore, epigenetic changes occur during immune cell differentiation and participate in regulating the immune response, including the regulation of inflammatory cytokines. Cancer cells utilize epigenetic silencing of immune-related genes to evade the immune response. This chapter will detail the interactions between inflammation and epigenetics in tumor initiation, promotion, and immune evasion and how these connections are being leveraged in cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Maiuri
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - H M O'Hagan
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, United States; Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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Folate status, regulatory T cells and MTHFR C677T polymorphism study in allergic children. Adv Med Sci 2016; 61:300-305. [PMID: 27149557 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate early-life folate serum concentrations in children with food, inhalant or mixed type allergy. The influence of folate levels on the FoxP3 expression in Treg (regulatory T) cells in the studied children, taking into account the MTHFR (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) genotypes was also analyzed. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was performed in 83 allergic children (study group) and 49 healthy children (control group), aged 2-72 months. Medical history of each child was obtained and laboratory tests (serum folic acid concentrations and MTHFR C677T polymorphism) were carried out. The percentage of Treg cells was evaluated in almost a half of the examined subjects (48.5%). RESULTS Significantly higher serum folate levels in the group of children with food allergy than in those with inhalant allergy was confirmed (P=0.037). In the study group the TT homozygotes were characterized by significantly lower folate concentrations than CC homozygotes (P=0.045). A negative correlation was demonstrated between the FoxP3 expression in CD4+CD25highFoxP3+ peripheral blood lymphocytes and serum folic acid concentrations. The correlation was more pronounced in the group of allergic children and it was statistically significant (r=-0.339, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of the study indicate a possibility of some effects of folate status on Treg cells, thus suggesting their potential role in the development and course of allergy in children.
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Mouihate A. Prenatal Activation of Toll-Like Receptor-4 Dampens Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in An IL-6 Dependent Manner. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:173. [PMID: 27445700 PMCID: PMC4927660 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal immune challenge has been associated with alteration in brain development and plasticity that last into adulthood. We have previously shown that prenatal activation of toll-like receptor 4 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces IL-6-dependent STAT-3 signaling pathway in the fetal brain. Whether this IL-6-dependent activation of fetal brain results in long lasting impact in brain plasticity is still unknown. Furthermore, it has been shown that prenatal LPS heightens the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response in adulthood. In the present study we tested whether LPS administration during pregnancy affects neurogenesis in adult male offspring. Because corticosterone, the end-product of HPA axis activity in rats, alters neurogenesis we tested whether this enhanced HPA axis responsiveness in adult male offspring played a role in the long lasting impact of LPS on neurogenesis during adulthood. Pregnant rats were given either LPS, or LPS and an IL-6 neutralizing antibody (IL-6Ab). The newly born neurons were monitored in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus of adult male offspring by monitoring doublecortin and T-box brain protein-2 expression: two well-established markers of newly born neurons. Prenatal LPS decreased the number of newly born neurons in the DG, but not in the SVZ of adult offspring. This decreased number of newly born neurons in the DG was absent when IL-6Ab was co-injected with LPS during pregnancy. Furthermore, administration of a corticosterone receptor blocker, RU-486, to adult offspring blunted the prenatal LPS induced decrease in newly born neurons in the DG. These data suggest that maternally triggered IL-6 plays a crucial role in the long lasting impact of LPS on adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdeslam Mouihate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Kuwait University Kuwait City, Kuwait
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31
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Abstract
A complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Environmental factors have crucial effects on the epigenetic trait of genes, which refers to a stably heritable phenotype resulting from changes in the chromosomes without alteration of the DNA sequence, but has profound effects on the cellular repertoire. Among the epigenetic patterns, DNA methylation is of great interest. DNA methylation occurs at both global and specific gene promoter levels and relates to atherosclerosis. Aberrant DNA methylation affects the transcription and expression of critical regulatory genes and induces a proatherogenic cellular phenotype, which plays key roles in endothelia cell dysfunction, abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, extracellular matrix formation, and inflammation in CVDs. This review focuses on the contribution of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- a Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital , The Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China.,b Chongqing Institute of Cardiology , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- a Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital , The Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China.,b Chongqing Institute of Cardiology , Chongqing , P.R. China
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Zawada AM, Schneider JS, Michel AI, Rogacev KS, Hummel B, Krezdorn N, Müller S, Rotter B, Winter P, Obeid R, Geisel J, Fliser D, Heine GH. DNA methylation profiling reveals differences in the 3 human monocyte subsets and identifies uremia to induce DNA methylation changes during differentiation. Epigenetics 2016; 11:259-72. [PMID: 27018948 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1158363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human monocytes are a heterogeneous cell population consisting of 3 subsets: classical CD14++CD16-, intermediate CD14++CD16+ and nonclassical CD14+CD16++ monocytes. Via poorly characterized mechanisms, intermediate monocyte counts rise in chronic inflammatory diseases, among which chronic kidney disease is of particular epidemiologic importance. DNA methylation is a central epigenetic feature that controls hematopoiesis. By applying next-generation Methyl-Sequencing we now tested how far the 3 monocyte subsets differ in their DNA methylome and whether uremia induces DNA methylation changes in differentiating monocytes. We found that each monocyte subset displays a unique phenotype with regards to DNA methylation. Genes with differentially methylated promoter regions in intermediate monocytes were linked to distinct immunological processes, which is in line with results from recent gene expression analyses. In vitro, uremia induced dysregulation of DNA methylation in differentiating monocytes, which affected several transcription regulators important for monocyte differentiation (e.g., FLT3, HDAC1, MNT) and led to enhanced generation of intermediate monocytes. As potential mediator, the uremic toxin and methylation inhibitor S-adenosylhomocysteine induced shifts in monocyte subsets in vitro, and associated with monocyte subset counts in vivo. Our data support the concept of monocyte trichotomy and the distinct role of intermediate monocytes in human immunity. The shift in monocyte subsets that occurs in chronic kidney disease, a proinflammatory condition of substantial epidemiological impact, may be induced by accumulation of uremic toxins that mediate epigenetic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Zawada
- a Department of Internal Medicine IV , Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg , Germany
| | - Jenny S Schneider
- a Department of Internal Medicine IV , Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg , Germany
| | - Anne I Michel
- a Department of Internal Medicine IV , Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg , Germany
| | - Kyrill S Rogacev
- a Department of Internal Medicine IV , Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg , Germany.,b University Heart Center Luebeck, Medical Clinic II (Cardiology/Angiology/Intensive Care Medicine), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein , Luebeck , Germany
| | - Björn Hummel
- c Department of Clinical Hemostaseology and Transfusion Medicine , Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg , Germany.,d Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine/Central Laboratory, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg , Germany
| | | | - Soeren Müller
- e GenXPro GmbH , Frankfurt/Main , Germany.,f Department of Neurological Surgery , University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | | | | | - Rima Obeid
- d Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine/Central Laboratory, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg , Germany
| | - Jürgen Geisel
- d Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine/Central Laboratory, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg , Germany
| | - Danilo Fliser
- a Department of Internal Medicine IV , Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg , Germany
| | - Gunnar H Heine
- a Department of Internal Medicine IV , Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg , Germany
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Rokavec M, Öner MG, Hermeking H. lnflammation-induced epigenetic switches in cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:23-39. [PMID: 26394635 PMCID: PMC11108555 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The link between inflammation and cancer is well established. Chronic inflammation promotes cancer initiation and progression. Various studies showed that the underlying mechanisms involve epigenetic alterations. These epigenetic alterations might culminate into an epigenetic switch that transforms premalignant cells into tumor cells or non-invasive into invasive tumor cells, thereby promoting metastasis. Epigenetic switches require an initiating event, which can be inflammation, whereas the resulting phenotype is inherited without the initiating signal. Epigenetic switches are induced and maintained by DNA methylation, histone modifications, polycomb group (PcG)/trithorax group (TrxG) proteins, and feedback loops consisting of transcription factors and microRNAs. Since epigenetic switches are reversible, they might represent an important basis for the design of novel anticancer therapeutics. This review summarizes published evidence of epigenetic switches in cancer development that are induced by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaz Rokavec
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Meryem Gülfem Öner
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Hermeking
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, 80337, Munich, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Horsburgh S, Todryk S, Toms C, Moran CN, Ansley L. Exercise-conditioned plasma attenuates nuclear concentrations of DNA methyltransferase 3B in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/12/e12621. [PMID: 26660547 PMCID: PMC4760429 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is modifiable by acute and chronic exercise. DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) catalyze this process; however, there is a lack of literature concerning the specific mechanisms by which exercise‐induced modifications occur. Interleukin 6 (IL‐6) stimulation of various cell lines has been shown to augment DNMT expression and nuclear translocation, which suggests a possible pathway by which exercise is able to elicit changes in epigenetic enzymes. The present study sought to elucidate the response of the de novo methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B to circulatory factors found in plasma isolated from whole blood before and after 120‐min of treadmill running at an intensity of 60% of individual velocity at V˙O2max (vV˙O2max) interspersed with 30‐sec sprints at 90% of vV˙O2max every 10‐min. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from a resting participant were incubated with plasma isolated from exercising participants (n = 10) or recombinant IL‐6 (rIL‐6), followed by nuclear protein extraction and quantification of DNMT3A and DNMT3B concentrations. Nuclear concentrations of DNMT3B significantly decreased following the experimental protocol (P = 0.03), with no change observed in DNMT3A (P = 0.514).Various concentrations of rIL‐6 caused an elevation in both DNMT3A and DNMT3B nuclear concentration compared with the blank control. The conflicting results between exercising and rIL‐6 conditions suggests that IL‐6 does regulate DNMT nuclear transport, however, other plasma mediators may also exert significant influence on the nuclear concentrations of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Horsburgh
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England
| | - Stephen Todryk
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England
| | - Christopher Toms
- Research Department, British College of Osteopathic Medicine, London, England
| | - Colin N Moran
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
| | - Les Ansley
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England
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Sundararaj KP, Thiyagarajan T, Molano I, Basher F, Powers TW, Drake RR, Nowling TK. FLI1 Levels Impact CXCR3 Expression and Renal Infiltration of T Cells and Renal Glycosphingolipid Metabolism in the MRL/lpr Lupus Mouse Strain. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:5551-60. [PMID: 26538397 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The ETS factor Friend leukemia virus integration 1 (FLI1) is a key modulator of lupus disease expression. Overexpressing FLI1 in healthy mice results in the development of an autoimmune kidney disease similar to that observed in lupus. Lowering the global levels of FLI1 in two lupus strains (Fli1(+/-)) significantly improved kidney disease and prolonged survival. T cells from MRL/lpr Fli1(+/-) lupus mice have reduced activation and IL-4 production, neuraminidase 1 expression, and the levels of the glycosphingolipid lactosylceramide. In this study, we demonstrate that MRL/lpr Fli1(+/-) mice have significantly decreased renal neuraminidase 1 and lactosylceramide levels. This corresponds with a significant decrease in the number of total CD3(+) cells, as well as CD4(+) and CD44(+)CD62L(-) T cell subsets in the kidney of MRL/lpr Fli1(+/-) mice compared with the Fli1(+/+) nephritic mice. We further demonstrate that the percentage of CXCR3(+) T cells and Cxcr3 message levels in T cells are significantly decreased and correspond with a decrease in renal CXCR3(+) cells and in Cxcl9 and Cxcl10 expression in the MRL/lpr Fli1(+/-) compared with the Fli1(+/+) nephritic mice. Our results suggest that reducing the levels of FLI1 in MRL/lpr mice may be protective against development of nephritis in part through downregulation of CXCR3, reducing renal T cell infiltration and glycosphingolipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamala P Sundararaj
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Thirumagal Thiyagarajan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Ivan Molano
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Fahmin Basher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; and
| | - Thomas W Powers
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Richard R Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Tamara K Nowling
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425;
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Depression, Cytokine, and Cytokine by Treatment Interactions Modulate Gene Expression in Antipsychotic Naïve First Episode Psychosis. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5701-9. [PMID: 26491028 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In schizophrenia, genetic and environmental factors affect neurodevelopment and neuroprogressive trajectory. Altered expression of neuro-immune genes and increased levels of cytokines are observed, especially in patients with comorbid depression. However, it remains unclear whether circulating levels of cytokines and expression of these genes are associated, and how antipsychotic treatments impact this association. Relationships between messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of 11 schizophrenia-related genes and circulating levels of cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) were analyzed in 174 antipsychotic naïve first episode psychosis (FEP) and in 77 healthy controls. A subgroup of 72 patients was reassessed after treatment with risperidone. FEP patients were divided into those with and without depression. FEP patients with depression showed increased COMT expression and decreased NDEL1 expression. Increased IL-6 was associated with lowered AKT1 and DROSHA expression, while increased IL-10 was associated with increased NDEL1, DISC1, and MBP expression. IL-6 levels significantly increased the risperidone-induced expression of AKT1, DICER1, DROSHA, and COMT mRNA. The differential mRNA gene expression in FEP is largely associated with increased cytokine levels. While increased IL-6 may downregulate AKT-mediated cellular functions and dysregulate genes involved in microRNA (miRNA) machinery, increased IL-10 has neuroprotective properties. Increased IL-6 levels may prime the expression of genes (AKT1, DICER1, DROSHA, and COMT) in response to risperidone, suggesting that cytokine × treatment × gene interactions may improve cell function profiles. FEP patients with depression show a different gene expression profile reinforcing the theory that depression in FEP is a different phenotype.
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Oyasiji T, Zhang J, Kuvshinoff B, Iyer R, Hochwald SN. Molecular Targets in Biliary Carcinogenesis and Implications for Therapy. Oncologist 2015; 20:742-51. [PMID: 26025932 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) encompass a group of invasive carcinomas, including cholangiocarcinoma (intrahepatic, perihilar, or extrahepatic), and gallbladder carcinoma. Approximately 90% of patients present with advanced, unresectable disease and have a poor prognosis. The latest recommendation is to treat advanced or metastatic disease with gemcitabine and cisplatin, although chemotherapy has recorded modest survival benefits. Comprehension of the molecular basis of biliary carcinogenesis has resulted in experimental trials of targeted therapies in BTCs, with promising results. This review addresses the emerging role of targeted therapy in the treatment of BTCs. Findings from preclinical studies were reviewed and correlated with the outcomes of clinical trials that were undertaken to translate the laboratory discoveries. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Biliary tract cancers are rare. Approximately 90% of patients present with advanced, unresectable disease and have a poor prognosis. Median overall and progression-free survival are 12 and 8 months, respectively. Because chemotherapy has recorded modest survival benefits, targeted therapies are being explored for personalized treatment of these cancers. A comprehensive review of targeted therapies in biliary tract cancers was undertaken to present emerging evidence from laboratory and/or molecular studies as they translate to clinical trials and outcomes. The latest evidence on this topic is presented to clinicians and practitioners to guide decisions on treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolutope Oyasiji
- Departments of Surgical Oncology and Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jianliang Zhang
- Departments of Surgical Oncology and Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Boris Kuvshinoff
- Departments of Surgical Oncology and Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Renuka Iyer
- Departments of Surgical Oncology and Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Steven N Hochwald
- Departments of Surgical Oncology and Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Epigenetic and transgenerational reprogramming of brain development. Nat Rev Neurosci 2015; 16:332-44. [PMID: 25921815 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental programming - the implementation of the genetic and epigenetic blueprints that guide and coordinate normal brain development - requires tight regulation of transcriptional processes. During prenatal and postnatal time periods, epigenetic processes fine-tune neurodevelopment towards an end product that determines how an organism interacts with and responds to exposures and experiences throughout life. Epigenetic processes also have the ability to reprogramme the epigenome in response to environmental challenges, such as maternal stress, making the organism more or less adaptive depending on the future challenges presented. Epigenetic marks generated within germ cells as a result of environmental influences throughout life can also shape future generations long before conception occurs.
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Jasoni CL, Sanders TR, Kim DW. Do all roads lead to Rome? The role of neuro-immune interactions before birth in the programming of offspring obesity. Front Neurosci 2015; 8:455. [PMID: 25691854 PMCID: PMC4315034 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of the nervous system can be powerfully modulated by the immune system. Although traditionally considered to be quite separate, neuro-immune interactions are increasingly recognized as critical for both normal and pathological nervous system function in the adult. However, a growing body of information supports a critical role for neuro-immune interactions before birth, particularly in the prenatal programming of later-life neurobehavioral disease risk. This review will focus on maternal obesity, as it represents an environment of pathological immune system function during pregnancy that elevates offspring neurobehavioral disease risk. We will first delineate the normal role of the immune system during pregnancy, including the role of the placenta as both a barrier and relayer of inflammatory information between the maternal and fetal environments. This will be followed by the current exciting findings of how immuno-modulatory molecules may elevate offspring risk of neurobehavioral disease by altering brain development and, consequently, later life function. Finally, by drawing parallels with pregnancy complications other than obesity, we will suggest that aberrant immune activation, irrespective of its origin, may lead to neuro-immune interactions that otherwise would not exist in the developing brain. These interactions could conceivably derail normal brain development and/or later life function, and thereby elevate risk for obesity and other neurobehavioral disorders later in the offspring's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Jasoni
- Department of Anatomy, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tessa R Sanders
- Department of Anatomy, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
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Prenatal maternal immune activation causes epigenetic differences in adolescent mouse brain. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e434. [PMID: 25180573 PMCID: PMC4203009 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation have been implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders including schizophrenia and autism. Epigenetic changes can be induced by environmental exposures such as inflammation. Here we tested the hypothesis that prenatal inflammation, a recognized risk factor for schizophrenia and related neurodevelopmental conditions, alters DNA methylation in key brain regions linked to schizophrenia, namely the dopamine rich striatum and endocrine regulatory centre, the hypothalamus. DNA methylation across highly repetitive elements (long interspersed element 1 (LINE1) and intracisternal A-particles (IAPs)) were used to proxy global DNA methylation. We also investigated the Mecp2 gene because it regulates transcription of LINE1 and has a known association with neurodevelopmental disorders. Brain tissue was harvested from 6 week old offspring of mice exposed to the viral analog PolyI:C or saline on gestation day 9. We used Sequenom EpiTYPER assay to quantitatively analyze differences in DNA methylation at IAPs, LINE1 elements and the promoter region of Mecp2. In the hypothalamus, prenatal exposure to PolyI:C caused significant global DNA hypomethylation (t=2.44, P=0.019, PolyI:C mean 69.67%, saline mean 70.19%), especially in females, and significant hypomethylation of the promoter region of Mecp2, (t=3.32, P=0.002; PolyI:C mean 26.57%, saline mean 34.63%). IAP methylation was unaltered. DNA methylation in the striatum was not significantly altered. This study provides the first experimental evidence that exposure to inflammation during prenatal life is associated with epigenetic changes, including Mecp2 promoter hypomethylation. This suggests that environmental and genetic risk factors associated with neurodevelopmental disorders may act upon similar pathways. This is important because epigenetic changes are potentially modifiable and their investigation may open new avenues for treatment.
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41
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Comparative analysis of cigarette smoke induced cellular proteome distributions on bovine aortic endothelial cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-014-0015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Campos B, Lee T, Roy-Chaudhury P. Arteriovenous fistula failure: is there a role for epigenetic regulation? Semin Nephrol 2014; 33:400-6. [PMID: 24011582 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype that occur without alterations in the DNA sequence. In the past decade, epigenetics has been identified as a key regulator of gene expression and therefore is likely to play a major role in multiple disease processes. More importantly, we now recognize epigenetics to be a sensitive, dynamic, and reversible process that has opened the door to multiple novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies for human diseases. The focus of this review, however, is to explore the potential role of epigenetics in arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation. AVF maturation failure is currently the single most important cause of dialysis vascular access dysfunction and most important is the result of a peri-anastomotic stenosis thought to be caused by a combination of neointimal hyperplasia and inadequate outward remodeling. At a pathogenetic level, however, AVF maturation failure is likely the end result of the interaction between hemodynamic stressors (injury) and the vascular response to these stressors; the latter being influenced by uremia, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Interestingly, these same factors (hemodynamic shear stress, oxidative stress, inflammation, and uremia) are also important mediators of epigenetic modifications. We therefore believe that epigenetic factors potentially could play an important role in the pathogenesis of AVF maturation failure. The current review therefore tries to unravel some of these critical biological connections, with an emphasis on the future development of epigenetic-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for AVF maturation failure (a clinical problem for which there are currently no effective therapeutic interventions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Campos
- Dialysis Vascular Access Research Group, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
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43
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Abstract
DNA methylation is a heritable, stable, and also reversible way of DNA modification; it can regulate gene expression without changing the nucleotide sequences. Because it takes part in regulation of immune responses, the loss of methylation homeostasis in immune cells will result in autoimmune disease by inducing aberrant gene expression. Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease with many immune deficiencies. Recently, it was well documented that abnormal DNA methylation is also involved in the etiology of ITP. In this review, we elucidate the role of DNA methylation in autoimmune diseases by summarizing the DNA methylation-sensitive genes and the relationship between DNA methylation and ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, PR China
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Maeda S, Ohno K, Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Tomiyasu H, Fujino Y, Tsujimoto H. Methylation of TNFRSF13B and TNFRSF13C in duodenal mucosa in canine inflammatory bowel disease and its association with decreased mucosal IgA expression. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 160:97-106. [PMID: 24814046 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Although decreased intestinal IgA expression has been reported in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the mechanism underlying this decrease is unknown. Transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating cyclophilin-ligand interactor (TACI) and B cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) receptor (BAFF-R) are key receptors for T cell-independent IgA class switching by the binding of IgA-inducing cytokine a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) and BAFF. Here we show decreased TACI and BAFF-R mRNA expression and hypermethylation of their corresponding genes TNFRSF13B and TNFRSF13C, respectively in the duodenal mucosa of dogs with IBD. To examine whether DNA methylation of the TNFRSF13B and TNFRSF13C influences the mRNA expression of TACI and BAFF-R, respectively, we first analyzed methylation and mRNA expression levels in vitro using 2 canine B lymphoid cell lines, GL-1 and CLBL-1. Methylation profiles in the cells were examined by bisulfite sequencing and methylation-specific PCR (MSP) with primer pairs specific to methylated or unmethylated sequences. These methylation analyses revealed hypermethylation of the CpG islands of both TNFRSF13B and TNFRSF13C in GL-1, but not in CLBL-1 cells. The mRNA expression levels of TACI and BAFF-R were significantly lower in GL-1 than in CLBL-1 cells. Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine significantly increased TACI and BAFF-R mRNA expression in GL-1 cells through demethylation of TNFRSF13B and TNFRSF13C, respectively. These results suggest that the mRNA expression of TACI and BAFF-R is regulated through methylation of their genes in canine B cells. Quantitative real-time MSP showed significant hypermethylation of the CpG islands of TNFRSF13B and TNFRSF13C in the duodenal mucosa of dogs with IBD. Furthermore, duodenal mRNA expression levels of TACI and BAFF-R were significantly lower in dogs with IBD than in healthy controls. The mRNA expression levels of TACI positively correlated with intestinal IgA expression, whereas the methylation level of its gene (TNFRSF13B) negatively correlated with IgA expression. The present results suggest the role of TACI in the regulation of mucosal IgA expression through epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Aki Fujiwara-Igarashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Fujino
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Wu J, Xu Y, Mo D, Huang P, Sun R, Huang L, Pan S, Xu J. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) vIL-6 promotes cell proliferation and migration by upregulating DNMT1 via STAT3 activation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93478. [PMID: 24675762 PMCID: PMC3968168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is etiologically associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), the most common AIDS-related malignancy. KSHV vIL-6 promotes KS development, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we reported that KSHV vIL-6 enhanced the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in endothelial cells,increased the global genomic DNA methylation, and promoted cell proliferation and migration. And this effect could be blocked by the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-azadeoxycytidine. We also showed that vIL-6 induced up-regulation of DNMT1 was dependent on STAT3 activation. Therefore, the present study suggests that vIL-6 plays a role in KS tumorigenesis partly by activating DNMT1 and inducing aberrant DNA methylation, and it might be a potential target for KS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqiao Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongping Mo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peijun Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruihong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyang Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (JX); (SP)
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (JX); (SP)
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer death, and its development is influenced by the status of inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver. Although oxidative stress might induce genetic changes and play a role in HCC development, many epigenetic alterations have also been reported in this type of tumor, suggesting the importance of epigenetic instability in hepatocarcinogenesis. Epigenetic instability results in 2 types of DNA alterations: hypermethylation of the promoter of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), and hypomethylation of nonpromoter CpG, such as repetitive elements and satellite DNA. The former causes transcriptional inactivation of TSGs, while the latter reportedly induces chromosomal instability and an abnormal activation of oncogenes as well as mobile genetic elements. Oxidative stress could induce epigenetic instability and inactivate TSGs through the recruitment of the polycomb repressive complex to the promoter sequence carrying DNA damage induced by oxidation. Inflammatory cytokines from immune cells also reportedly induce expression of several histone and DNA modulators. On the other hand, DNA oxidation could lead to activation of DNA repair pathways and affect the binding of methyl cytosine-binding protein to DNA, which could cause DNA hypomethylation. The decrease of the level of methyl group donors also contributes to the alteration in the methylation status. These mechanisms should act in concert and induce epigenetic instability, leading to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoshi Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
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Brown LY, Bonney EA, Raj RS, Nielsen B, Brown S. Generalized disturbance of DNA methylation in the uterine decidua in the CBA/J x DBA/2 mouse model of pregnancy failure. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:120. [PMID: 24108302 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.113142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonchromosomal pregnancy failure is a common but poorly understood phenomenon. Because recent data have suggested that epigenetic abnormalities such as abnormal placental DNA methylation may play a role in human pregnancy failure, we undertook experiments to test whether decidual and/or placental DNA methylation abnormalities are present in a mouse model of pregnancy failure. A large number of studies have shown that crosses between CBA/J female mice and DBA/2 males result in pregnancies with a high rate of failure/resorption, whereas other crosses with CBA/J females produce normal pregnancies. Although the CBA/J × DBA/2 mouse has frequently been used as a model for miscarriage, a detailed explanation for the pregnancy failure phenotype is lacking. We performed timed matings between CBA/J female and DBA/2 male mice as well as between DBA/2 female and CBA/J male mice. Decidual caps were isolated at Embryonic Day (E) 9.5 from both crosses, and a microarray-based method was used to comparatively assess genomic methylation at approximately 16,000 loci on mouse chromosome 7. In comparison with decidual caps from DBA/2 × CBA/J pregnancies, CBA/J × DBA/2 decidual caps were characterized by widely and apparently randomly disturbed methylation. In another set of analogous experiments, genomic methylation of placental DNA from E8.5 pregnancies was assessed using the same microarray-based method. This analysis revealed that in contrast to the decidua, placental DNA methylation from CBA/J × DBA/2 pregnancies was indistinguishable from that of normal controls. We conclude that abnormal DNA methylation in the uterine decidua likely plays a role in the CBA/J × DBA/2 model of pregnancy failure. To our knowledge, these experiments are the first to demonstrate that epigenetic abnormalities of the decidua are associated with pregnancy failure, and they set the stage for future efforts to understand the role of DNA methylation at the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Y Brown
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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Sia D, Tovar V, Moeini A, Llovet JM. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: pathogenesis and rationale for molecular therapies. Oncogene 2013; 32:4861-70. [PMID: 23318457 PMCID: PMC3718868 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive malignancy with very poor prognosis. Genome-wide, high-throughput technologies have made major advances in understanding the molecular basis of this disease, although important mechanisms are still unclear. Recent data have revealed specific genetic mutations (for example, KRAS, IDH1 and IDH2), epigenetic silencing, aberrant signaling pathway activation (for example, interleukin (IL)-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), tyrosine kinase receptor-related pathways) and molecular subclasses with unique alterations (for example, proliferation and inflammation subclasses). In addition, some ICCs share common genomic traits with hepatocellular carcinoma. All this information provides the basis to explore novel targeted therapies. Currently, surgery at early stage is the only effective therapy. At more advanced stages, chemotherapy regimens are emerging (that is, cisplatin plus gemcitabine), along with molecular targeted agents tested in several ongoing clinical trials. Nonetheless, a first-line conclusive treatment remains an unmet need. Similarly, there are no studies assessing tumor response related with genetic alterations. This review explores the recent advancements in the knowledge of the molecular alterations underlying ICC and the future prospects in terms of therapeutic strategies leading towards a more personalized treatment of this neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sia
- HCC Translational Research Laboratory, Liver Unit, Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Gastrointestinal Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - V Tovar
- HCC Translational Research Laboratory, Liver Unit, Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Moeini
- HCC Translational Research Laboratory, Liver Unit, Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - JM Llovet
- HCC Translational Research Laboratory, Liver Unit, Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program [Divisions of Liver Diseases], Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Lindroth AM, Park YJ. Epigenetic biomarkers: a step forward for understanding periodontitis. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2013; 43:111-20. [PMID: 23837125 PMCID: PMC3701832 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2013.43.3.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common oral disease that is characterized by infection and inflammation of the tooth supporting tissues. While its incidence is highly associated with outgrowth of the pathogenic microbiome, some patients show signs of predisposition and quickly fall into recurrence after treatment. Recent research using genetic associations of candidates as well as genome-wide analysis highlights that variations in genes related to the inflammatory response are associated with an increased risk of periodontitis. Intriguingly, some of the genes are regulated by epigenetic modifications, supposedly established and reprogrammed in response to environmental stimuli. In addition, the treatment with epigenetic drugs improves treatment of periodontitis in a mouse model. In this review, we highlight some of the recent progress identifying genetic factors associated with periodontitis and point to promising approaches in epigenetic research that may contribute to the understanding of molecular mechanisms involving different responses in individuals and the early detection of predispositions that may guide in future oral treatment and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders M Lindroth
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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50
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Aseem O, Barth JL, Klatt SC, Smith BT, Argraves WS. Cubilin expression is monoallelic and epigenetically augmented via PPARs. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:405. [PMID: 23773363 PMCID: PMC3706236 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cubilin is an endocytic receptor that is necessary for renal and intestinal absorption of a range of ligands. Endocytosis mediated by cubilin and its co-receptor megalin is the principal mechanism for proximal tubule reabsorption of proteins from the glomerular filtrate. Cubilin is also required for intestinal endocytosis of intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 complex. Despite its importance, little is known about the regulation of cubilin expression. Results Here we show that cubilin expression is under epigenetic regulation by at least two processes. The first process involves inactivation of expression of one of the cubilin alleles. This monoallelic expression state could not be transformed to biallelic by inhibiting DNA methylation or histone deacetylation. The second process involves transcriptional regulation of cubilin by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) transcription factors that are themselves regulated by DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. This is supported by findings that inhibitors of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation, 5Aza and TSA, increase cubilin mRNA and protein in renal and intestinal cell lines. Not only was the expression of PPARα and γ inducible by 5Aza and TSA, but the positive effects of TSA and 5Aza on cubilin expression were also dependent on both increased PPAR transcription and activation. Additionally, 5Aza and TSA had similar effects on the expression of the cubilin co-receptor, megalin. Conclusions Together, these findings reveal that cubilin and megalin mRNA expression is under epigenetic control and thus point to new avenues for overcoming pathological suppression of these genes through targeting of epigenetic regulatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaidullah Aseem
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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