1
|
Abraham BG, Haikarainen T, Vuorio J, Girych M, Virtanen AT, Kurttila A, Karathanasis C, Heilemann M, Sharma V, Vattulainen I, Silvennoinen O. Molecular basis of JAK2 activation in erythropoietin receptor and pathogenic JAK2 signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl2097. [PMID: 38457493 PMCID: PMC10923518 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mediates type I/II cytokine receptor signaling, but JAK2 is also activated by somatic mutations that cause hematological malignancies by mechanisms that are still incompletely understood. Quantitative superresolution microscopy (qSMLM) showed that erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) exists as monomers and dimerizes upon Epo stimulation or through the predominant JAK2 pseudokinase domain mutations (V617F, K539L, and R683S). Crystallographic analysis complemented by kinase activity analysis and atomic-level simulations revealed distinct pseudokinase dimer interfaces and activation mechanisms for the mutants: JAK V617F activity is driven by dimerization, K539L involves both increased receptor dimerization and kinase activity, and R683S prevents autoinhibition and increases catalytic activity and drives JAK2 equilibrium toward activation state through a wild-type dimer interface. Artificial intelligence-guided modeling and simulations revealed that the pseudokinase mutations cause differences in the pathogenic full-length JAK2 dimers, particularly in the FERM-SH2 domains. A detailed molecular understanding of mutation-driven JAK2 hyperactivation may enable novel therapeutic approaches to selectively target pathogenic JAK2 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Teemu Haikarainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Joni Vuorio
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mykhailo Girych
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anniina T. Virtanen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Kurttila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Christos Karathanasis
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mike Heilemann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Silvennoinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rodriguez Moncivais OJ, Chavez SA, Estrada Jimenez VH, Sun S, Li L, Kirken RA, Rodriguez G. Structural Analysis of Janus Tyrosine Kinase Variants in Hematological Malignancies: Implications for Drug Development and Opportunities for Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14573. [PMID: 37834019 PMCID: PMC10572942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) variants are known drivers for hematological disorders. With the full-length structure of mouse JAK1 being recently resolved, new observations on the localization of variants within closed, open, and dimerized JAK structures are possible. Full-length homology models of human wild-type JAK family members were developed using the Glassman et al. reported mouse JAK1 containing the V658F structure as a template. Many mutational sites related to proliferative hematological disorders reside in the JH2 pseudokinase domains facing the region important in dimerization of JAKs in both closed and open states. More than half of all JAK gain of function (GoF) variants are changes in polarity, while only 1.2% are associated with a change in charge. Within a JAK1-JAK3 homodimer model, IFNLR1 (PDB ID7T6F) and the IL-2 common gamma chain subunit (IL2Rγc) were aligned with the respective dimer implementing SWISS-MODEL coupled with ChimeraX. JAK3 variants were observed to encircle the catalytic site of the kinase domain, while mutations in the pseudokinase domain align along the JAK-JAK dimerization axis. FERM domains of JAK1 and JAK3 are identified as a hot spot for hematologic malignancies. Herein, we propose new allosteric surfaces for targeting hyperactive JAK dimers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar J. Rodriguez Moncivais
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Chavez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Victor H. Estrada Jimenez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Shengjie Sun
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Computational Sciences Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Computational Sciences Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Robert A. Kirken
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Georgialina Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hernandez LM, Montersino A, Niu J, Guo S, Faezov B, Sanders SS, Dunbrack RL, Thomas GM. Palmitoylation-dependent control of JAK1 kinase signaling governs responses to neuropoietic cytokines and survival in DRG neurons. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104965. [PMID: 37356718 PMCID: PMC10413081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus Kinase-1 (JAK1) plays key roles during neurodevelopment and following neuronal injury, while activatory JAK1 mutations are linked to leukemia. In mice, Jak1 genetic deletion results in perinatal lethality, suggesting non-redundant roles and/or regulation of JAK1 for which other JAKs cannot compensate. Proteomic studies reveal that JAK1 is more likely palmitoylated compared to other JAKs, implicating palmitoylation as a possible JAK1-specific regulatory mechanism. However, the importance of palmitoylation for JAK1 signaling has not been addressed. Here, we report that JAK1 is palmitoylated in transfected HEK293T cells and endogenously in cultured Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) neurons. We further use comprehensive screening in transfected non-neuronal cells and shRNA-mediated knockdown in DRG neurons to identify the related enzymes ZDHHC3 and ZDHHC7 as dominant protein acyltransferases (PATs) for JAK1. Surprisingly, we found palmitoylation minimally affects JAK1 localization in neurons, but is critical for JAK1's kinase activity in cells and even in vitro. We propose this requirement is likely because palmitoylation facilitates transphosphorylation of key sites in JAK1's activation loop, a possibility consistent with structural models of JAK1. Importantly, we demonstrate a leukemia-associated JAK1 mutation overrides the palmitoylation-dependence of JAK1 activity, potentially explaining why this mutation is oncogenic. Finally, we show that JAK1 palmitoylation is important for neuropoietic cytokine-dependent signaling and neuronal survival and that combined Zdhhc3/7 loss phenocopies loss of palmitoyl-JAK1. These findings provide new insights into the control of JAK signaling in both physiological and pathological contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiselys M Hernandez
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Audrey Montersino
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jingwen Niu
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shuchi Guo
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bulat Faezov
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Shaun S Sanders
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roland L Dunbrack
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gareth M Thomas
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xiao Z, Yang MG, Liu C, Sherwood T, Gilmore JL, Lin J, Li P, Wu DR, Tokarski J, Li S, Cheng L, Xie C, Fan J, Dierks E, Strnad J, Cvijic ME, Khan J, Ruzanov M, Galella M, Khandelwal P, Dyckman AJ, Mathur A, Lombardo LJ, Macor JE, Carter PH, Aranibar N, Burke JR, Weinstein DS. Structure-activity relationship study of central pyridine-derived TYK2 JH2 inhibitors: Optimization of the PK profile through C4' and C6 variations. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 91:129373. [PMID: 37315697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Efforts directed at improving potency and preparing structurally different TYK2 JH2 inhibitors from the first generation of compounds such as 1a led to the SAR study of new central pyridyl based analogs 2-4. The current SAR study resulted in the identification of 4h as a potent and selective TYK2 JH2 inhibitor with distinct structural differences from 1a. In this manuscript, the in vitro and in vivo profiles of 4h are described. The hWB IC50 of 4h was shown as 41 nM with 94% bioavailability in the mouse PK study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zili Xiao
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States.
| | - Michael G Yang
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Chunjian Liu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Trevor Sherwood
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - John L Gilmore
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - James Lin
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Peng Li
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Dauh-Rurng Wu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - John Tokarski
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Sha Li
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Lihong Cheng
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Chunshan Xie
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Jingsong Fan
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Elizabeth Dierks
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Joann Strnad
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Mary Ellen Cvijic
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Javed Khan
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Max Ruzanov
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Michael Galella
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Purnima Khandelwal
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Alaric J Dyckman
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Louis J Lombardo
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - John E Macor
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Percy H Carter
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Nelly Aranibar
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - James R Burke
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - David S Weinstein
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lahera A, López-Nieva P, Alarcón H, Marín-Rubio JL, Cobos-Fernández MÁ, Fernández-Navarro P, Fernández AF, Vela-Martín L, Sastre I, Ruiz-García S, Llamas P, López-Lorenzo JL, Cornago J, Santos J, Fernández-Piqueras J, Villa-Morales M. SOCS3 deregulation contributes to aberrant activation of the JAK/STAT pathway in precursor T-cell neoplasms. Br J Haematol 2023; 201:718-724. [PMID: 36786170 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway being frequently altered in T-ALL/LBL, no specific therapy has been approved for T-ALL/LBL patients with constitutive signalling by JAK/STAT, so there is an urgent need to identify pathway members that may be potential therapeutic targets. In the present study, we searched for JAK/STAT pathway members potentially modulated through aberrant methylation and identified SOCS3 hypermethylation as a recurrent event in T-ALL/LBL. Additionally, we explored the implications of SOCS3 deregulation in T-ALL/LBL and demonstrated that SOCS3 counteracts the constitutive activation of the JAK/STAT pathway through different molecular mechanisms. Therefore, SOCS3 emerges as a potential therapeutic target in T-ALL/LBL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lahera
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Genome dynamics and function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Area of Genetics and Genomics, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar López-Nieva
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Genome dynamics and function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Area of Genetics and Genomics, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Molecular Biology-IUBM (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hernán Alarcón
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Marín-Rubio
- Laboratory for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - María Á Cobos-Fernández
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Genome dynamics and function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Area of Genetics and Genomics, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Molecular Biology-IUBM (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Fernández-Navarro
- Unit of Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology, Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín F Fernández
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Vela-Martín
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Genome dynamics and function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Area of Genetics and Genomics, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sastre
- Department of Genome dynamics and function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Ruiz-García
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Genome dynamics and function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Area of Genetics and Genomics, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Llamas
- Division of Hematology and Hemotherapy, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L López-Lorenzo
- Division of Hematology and Hemotherapy, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Cornago
- Division of Hematology and Hemotherapy, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Santos
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Genome dynamics and function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Area of Genetics and Genomics, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Molecular Biology-IUBM (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Fernández-Piqueras
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Genome dynamics and function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Area of Genetics and Genomics, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Molecular Biology-IUBM (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Villa-Morales
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Genome dynamics and function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Area of Genetics and Genomics, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Molecular Biology-IUBM (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mustafa AHM, Krämer OH. Pharmacological Modulation of the Crosstalk between Aberrant Janus Kinase Signaling and Epigenetic Modifiers of the Histone Deacetylase Family to Treat Cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:35-61. [PMID: 36752816 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivated Janus kinase (JAK) signaling is an appreciated drug target in human cancers. Numerous mutant JAK molecules as well as inherent and acquired drug resistance mechanisms limit the efficacy of JAK inhibitors (JAKi). There is accumulating evidence that epigenetic mechanisms control JAK-dependent signaling cascades. Like JAKs, epigenetic modifiers of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) family regulate the growth and development of cells and are often dysregulated in cancer cells. The notion that inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACi) abrogate oncogenic JAK-dependent signaling cascades illustrates an intricate crosstalk between JAKs and HDACs. Here, we summarize how structurally divergent, broad-acting as well as isoenzyme-specific HDACi, hybrid fusion pharmacophores containing JAKi and HDACi, and proteolysis targeting chimeras for JAKs inactivate the four JAK proteins JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and tyrosine kinase-2. These agents suppress aberrant JAK activity through specific transcription-dependent processes and mechanisms that alter the phosphorylation and stability of JAKs. Pharmacological inhibition of HDACs abrogates allosteric activation of JAKs, overcomes limitations of ATP-competitive type 1 and type 2 JAKi, and interacts favorably with JAKi. Since such findings were collected in cultured cells, experimental animals, and cancer patients, we condense preclinical and translational relevance. We also discuss how future research on acetylation-dependent mechanisms that regulate JAKs might allow the rational design of improved treatments for cancer patients. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Reversible lysine-ɛ-N acetylation and deacetylation cycles control phosphorylation-dependent Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling. The intricate crosstalk between these fundamental molecular mechanisms provides opportunities for pharmacological intervention strategies with modern small molecule inhibitors. This could help patients suffering from cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Al-Hassan M Mustafa
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (A.-H.M.M., O.H.K.) and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt (A.-H.M.M.)
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (A.-H.M.M., O.H.K.) and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt (A.-H.M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hsieh HH, Yao H, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Xiao X, Stephens H, Wajahat N, Chung SS, Xu L, Xu J, Rampal RK, Huang LJS. Epo-IGF1R cross talk expands stress-specific progenitors in regenerative erythropoiesis and myeloproliferative neoplasm. Blood 2022; 140:2371-2384. [PMID: 36054916 PMCID: PMC9837451 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We found that in regenerative erythropoiesis, the erythroid progenitor landscape is reshaped, and a previously undescribed progenitor population with colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) activity (stress CFU-E [sCFU-E]) is expanded markedly to restore the erythron. sCFU-E cells are targets of erythropoietin (Epo), and sCFU-E expansion requires signaling from the Epo receptor (EpoR) cytoplasmic tyrosines. Molecularly, Epo promotes sCFU-E expansion via JAK2- and STAT5-dependent expression of IRS2, thus engaging the progrowth signaling from the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R). Inhibition of IGF1R and IRS2 signaling impairs sCFU-E cell growth, whereas exogenous IRS2 expression rescues cell growth in sCFU-E expressing truncated EpoR-lacking cytoplasmic tyrosines. This sCFU-E pathway is the major pathway involved in erythrocytosis driven by the oncogenic JAK2 mutant JAK2(V617F) in myeloproliferative neoplasm. Inability to expand sCFU-E cells by truncated EpoR protects against JAK2(V617F)-driven erythrocytosis. In samples from patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm, the number of sCFU-E-like cells increases, and inhibition of IGR1R and IRS2 signaling blocks Epo-hypersensitive erythroid cell colony formation. In summary, we identified a new stress-specific erythroid progenitor cell population that links regenerative erythropoiesis to pathogenic erythrocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Hsien Hsieh
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Huiyu Yao
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Yuannyu Zhang
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Helen Stephens
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Naureen Wajahat
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Stephen S. Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jian Xu
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Raajit K. Rampal
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fernandes JC, Fenerich BA, Alves-Silva AB, Fonseca NP, Coelho-Silva JL, Scheucher PS, Rego EM, Figueiredo-Pontes LL, Machado-Neto JA, Traina F. Differential cytotoxic activity of pharmacological inhibitors of IGF1R-related pathways in JAK2 V617F driven cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 83:105384. [PMID: 35568132 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) belong to a group of clonal diseases of hematopoietic stem cells characterized by aberrant proliferation of mature myeloid lineages. The constitutive activation of the JAK2/STAT signaling pathway is now well established to play a central role in MPN pathogenesis; however, accumulating evidence now indicates that the IGF1R-mediated signaling pathway contributes to the maintenance of the malignant phenotype. Studies using inhibitors of IGF1-mediated signaling have reported cytotoxic effects in cellular and murine models of MPN, but no consensus has been reached regarding the potency and efficacy of inhibitors of the IGF1R-related pathway in this context. In the present study, we compared the potency and efficacy of three inhibitors of IGF1R-related pathways in a JAK2V617F-driven cellular model. These inhibitors (NT157, OSI-906, and NVP-AEW54) present antineoplastic activity with similar efficacy in Ba/F3 JAK2V617F cells, with NT157 showing the greatest potency. Both the induction of apoptosis and reduction in cell proliferation were associated with the observed reduction in cell viability. Downregulation of JAK2/STAT signaling was an advantageous off-target effect of all three inhibitors. These preclinical studies reinforce the potential of the IGF1R-related pathway as a therapeutic target in MPN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Cristina Fernandes
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Alves Fenerich
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio Bruno Alves-Silva
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Natasha Peixoto Fonseca
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juan Luiz Coelho-Silva
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Santos Scheucher
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Magalhães Rego
- Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lorena Lôbo Figueiredo-Pontes
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiola Traina
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Locke GA, Muckelbauer J, Tokarski JS, Barbieri CM, Belić S, Falk B, Tredup J, Wang YK. Identification and characterization of TYK2 pseudokinase domain stabilizers that allosterically inhibit TYK2 signaling. Methods Enzymol 2022; 667:685-727. [PMID: 35525559 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kinase inhibition continues to be a major focus of pharmaceutical research and discovery due to the central role of these proteins in the regulation of cellular processes. One family of kinases of pharmacological interest, due to its role in activation of immunostimulatory pathways, is the Janus kinase family. Small molecule inhibitors targeting the individual kinase proteins within this family have long been sought-after therapies. High sequence and structural similarity of the family members makes selective inhibitors difficult to identify but critical because of their inter-related multiple cellular regulatory pathways. Herein, we describe the identification of inhibitors of the important Janus kinase, TYK2, a regulator of type I interferon response. In addition, the biochemical and structural confirmation of the direct interaction of these small molecules with the TYK2 pseudokinase domain is described and a potential mechanism of allosteric regulation of TYK2 activity through stabilization of the pseudokinase domain is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Locke
- Leads Discovery and Optimization, Mechanistic Pharmacology, Bristol Myers Squib, Lawrenceville, NJ, United States.
| | - Jodi Muckelbauer
- Leads Discovery and Optimization, Mechanistic Pharmacology, Bristol Myers Squib, Lawrenceville, NJ, United States
| | - John S Tokarski
- Leads Discovery and Optimization, Mechanistic Pharmacology, Bristol Myers Squib, Lawrenceville, NJ, United States
| | - Christopher M Barbieri
- Leads Discovery and Optimization, Mechanistic Pharmacology, Bristol Myers Squib, Lawrenceville, NJ, United States
| | - Stefan Belić
- Leads Discovery and Optimization, Mechanistic Pharmacology, Bristol Myers Squib, Lawrenceville, NJ, United States
| | - Bradley Falk
- Leads Discovery and Optimization, Mechanistic Pharmacology, Bristol Myers Squib, Lawrenceville, NJ, United States
| | - Jeffrey Tredup
- Leads Discovery and Optimization, Mechanistic Pharmacology, Bristol Myers Squib, Lawrenceville, NJ, United States
| | - Ying-Kai Wang
- Leads Discovery and Optimization, Mechanistic Pharmacology, Bristol Myers Squib, Lawrenceville, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Glassman CR, Tsutsumi N, Saxton RA, Lupardus PJ, Jude KM, Garcia KC. Structure of a Janus kinase cytokine receptor complex reveals the basis for dimeric activation. Science 2022; 376:163-169. [PMID: 35271300 PMCID: PMC9306331 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn8933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines signal through cell surface receptor dimers to initiate activation of intracellular Janus Kinases (JAKs). We report the 3.6-Å resolution cryo-EM structure of full-length JAK1 complexed with a cytokine receptor intracellular Box1/Box2 domain, captured as an activated homodimer bearing the Val→Phe (VF) mutation prevalent in myeloproliferative neoplasms. The seven domains of JAK1 form an extended structural unit whose dimerization is mediated by close-packed pseudokinase (PK) domains. The oncogenic VF mutation lies within the core of the JAK1 PK dimer interface, enhancing packing complementarity to facilitate ligand-independent activation. The C-terminal tyrosine kinase domains are poised to phosphorylate the receptor STAT-recruiting motifs projecting from the overhanging FERM-SH2 domains. Mapping of constitutively active JAK mutants supports a two-step allosteric activation mechanism and reveals new opportunities for selective therapeutic targeting of oncogenic JAK signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb R Glassman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Naotaka Tsutsumi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert A Saxton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Patrick J Lupardus
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin M Jude
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Exploring the oncogenic and therapeutic target potential of the MYB-TYK2 fusion gene in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1140-1152. [PMID: 35022522 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
TYK2-rearrangements have recently been identified in high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (HR-ALL) cases and are associated with poor outcome. Current understanding of the leukemogenic potential and therapeutic targetability of activating TYK2 alterations in the ALL setting is unclear, thus further investigations are warranted. Consequently, we developed in vitro, and for the first time, in vivo models of B-cell ALL from a patient harboring the MYB-TYK2 fusion gene. These models revealed JAK/STAT signaling activation and the oncogenic potential of the MYB-TYK2 fusion gene in isolation. High throughput screening identified the HDAC inhibitor, vorinostat and the HSP90 inhibitor, tanespimycin plus the JAK inhibitor, cerdulatinib as the most effective agents against cells expressing the MYB-TYK2 alteration. Evaluation of vorinostat and cerdulatinib in pre-clinical models of MYB-TYK2-rearranged ALL demonstrated that both drugs exhibited anti-leukemic effects and reduced the disease burden in treated mice. Importantly, these findings indicate that activating TYK2 alterations can function as driver oncogenes rather than passenger or secondary events in disease development. In addition, our data provide evidence for use of vorinostat and cerdulatinib in the treatment regimens of patients with this rare yet aggressive type of high-risk ALL that warrants further investigation in the clinical setting.
Collapse
|
12
|
Untwining Anti-Tumor and Immunosuppressive Effects of JAK Inhibitors-A Strategy for Hematological Malignancies? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112611. [PMID: 34073410 PMCID: PMC8197909 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway is aberrantly activated in many malignancies. Inhibition of this pathway via JAK inhibitors (JAKinibs) is therefore an attractive therapeutic strategy underlined by Ruxolitinib (JAK1/2 inhibitor) being approved for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms. As a consequence of the crucial role of the JAK-STAT pathway in the regulation of immune responses, inhibition of JAKs suppresses the immune system. This review article provides a thorough overview of the current knowledge on JAKinibs’ effects on immune cells in the context of hematological malignancies. We also discuss the potential use of JAKinibs for the treatment of diseases in which lymphocytes are the source of the malignancy. Abstract The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway propagates signals from a variety of cytokines, contributing to cellular responses in health and disease. Gain of function mutations in JAKs or STATs are associated with malignancies, with JAK2V617F being the main driver mutation in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Therefore, inhibition of this pathway is an attractive therapeutic strategy for different types of cancer. Numerous JAK inhibitors (JAKinibs) have entered clinical trials, including the JAK1/2 inhibitor Ruxolitinib approved for the treatment of MPN. Importantly, loss of function mutations in JAK-STAT members are a cause of immune suppression or deficiencies. MPN patients undergoing Ruxolitinib treatment are more susceptible to infections and secondary malignancies. This highlights the suppressive effects of JAKinibs on immune responses, which renders them successful in the treatment of autoimmune diseases but potentially detrimental for cancer patients. Here, we review the current knowledge on the effects of JAKinibs on immune cells in the context of hematological malignancies. Furthermore, we discuss the potential use of JAKinibs for the treatment of diseases in which lymphocytes are the source of malignancies. In summary, this review underlines the necessity of a robust immune profiling to provide the best benefit for JAKinib-treated patients.
Collapse
|
13
|
Deregulation of the Interleukin-7 Signaling Pathway in Lymphoid Malignancies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050443. [PMID: 34066732 PMCID: PMC8151260 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin-7 (IL-7) and its receptor are critical for lymphoid cell development. The loss of IL-7 signaling causes severe combined immunodeficiency, whereas gain-of-function alterations in the pathway contribute to malignant transformation of lymphocytes. Binding of IL-7 to the IL-7 receptor results in the activation of the JAK-STAT, PI3K-AKT and Ras-MAPK pathways, each contributing to survival, cell cycle progression, proliferation and differentiation. Here, we discuss the role of deregulated IL-7 signaling in lymphoid malignancies of B- and T-cell origin. Especially in T-cell leukemia, more specifically in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, a high frequency of mutations in components of the IL-7 signaling pathway are found, including alterations in IL7R, IL2RG, JAK1, JAK3, STAT5B, PTPN2, PTPRC and DNM2 genes.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ross DM, Babon JJ, Tvorogov D, Thomas D. Persistence of myelofibrosis treated with ruxolitinib: biology and clinical implications. Haematologica 2021; 106:1244-1253. [PMID: 33472356 PMCID: PMC8094080 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.262691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of JAK-STAT signaling is one of the hallmarks of myelofibrosis, a myeloproliferative neoplasm that leads to inflammation, progressive bone marrow failure, and a risk of leukemic transformation. Around 90% of patients with myelofibrosis have a mutation in JAK2, MPL, or CALR: so-called 'driver' mutations that lead to activation of JAK2. Ruxolitinib, and other JAK2 inhibitors in clinical use, provide clinical benefit but do not have a major impact on the abnormal hematopoietic clone. This phenomenon is termed 'persistence', in contrast to usual patterns of resistance. Multiple groups have shown that type 1 inhibitors of JAK2, which bind the active conformation of the enzyme, lead to JAK2 becoming resistant to degradation with consequent accumulation of phospho-JAK2. In turn, this can lead to exacerbation of inflammatory manifestations when the JAK inhibitor is discontinued, and it may also contribute to disease persistence. The ways in which JAK2 V617F and CALR mutations lead to activation of JAK-STAT signaling are incompletely understood. We summarize what is known about pathological JAK-STAT activation in myelofibrosis and how this might lead to future novel therapies for myelofibrosis with greater disease-modifying potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Ross
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide; Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide; Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide.
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville
| | - Denis Tvorogov
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology
| | - Daniel Thomas
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pharmacological Inhibition of Insulin Growth Factor-1 Receptor (IGF-1R) Alone or in Combination With Ruxolitinib Shows Therapeutic Efficacy in Preclinical Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Models. Hemasphere 2021; 5:e565. [PMID: 33954282 PMCID: PMC8092367 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Even after development of the JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib, myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients require novel therapeutic options. While ruxolitinib can considerably improve quality of life and prolong survival, it does not modify the natural disease course in most patients. Moreover, resistance develops with prolonged use. Therefore, various combination treatments are currently being investigated. Published data provide a compelling rationale for the inhibition of insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling in MPN. Here we report that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of IGF-1R selectively reduced Jak2V617F-driven cytokine-independent proliferation ex vivo. Two different structurally unrelated IGF-1R inhibitors ameliorated disease phenotype in a murine MPN model and significantly prolonged survival. Moreover, in mice, low-dose ruxolitinib synergized with IGF-1R inhibition to increase survival. Our data demonstrate preclinical efficacy of IGF-1R inhibition in a murine MPN model.
Collapse
|
16
|
Janus Kinases in Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040800. [PMID: 33672930 PMCID: PMC7918039 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) transduce signals from dozens of extracellular cytokines and function as critical regulators of cell growth, differentiation, gene expression, and immune responses. Deregulation of JAK/STAT signaling is a central component in several human diseases including various types of leukemia and other malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Different types of leukemia harbor genomic aberrations in all four JAKs (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2), most of which are activating somatic mutations and less frequently translocations resulting in constitutively active JAK fusion proteins. JAKs have become important therapeutic targets and currently, six JAK inhibitors have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of both autoimmune diseases and hematological malignancies. However, the efficacy of the current drugs is not optimal and the full potential of JAK modulators in leukemia is yet to be harnessed. This review discusses the deregulation of JAK-STAT signaling that underlie the pathogenesis of leukemia, i.e., mutations and other mechanisms causing hyperactive cytokine signaling, as well as JAK inhibitors used in clinic and under clinical development.
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu C, Lin J, Langevine C, Smith D, Li J, Tokarski JS, Khan J, Ruzanov M, Strnad J, Zupa-Fernandez A, Cheng L, Gillooly KM, Shuster D, Zhang Y, Thankappan A, McIntyre KW, Chaudhry C, Elzinga PA, Chiney M, Chimalakonda A, Lombardo LJ, Macor JE, Carter PH, Burke JR, Weinstein DS. Discovery of BMS-986202: A Clinical Tyk2 Inhibitor that Binds to Tyk2 JH2. J Med Chem 2020; 64:677-694. [PMID: 33370104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A search for structurally diversified Tyk2 JH2 ligands from 6 (BMS-986165), a pyridazine carboxamide-derived Tyk2 JH2 ligand as a clinical Tyk2 inhibitor currently in late development for the treatment of psoriasis, began with a survey of six-membered heteroaryl groups in place of the N-methyl triazolyl moiety in 6. The X-ray co-crystal structure of an early lead (12) revealed a potential new binding pocket. Exploration of the new pocket resulted in two frontrunners for a clinical candidate. The potential hydrogen bonding interaction with Thr599 in the pocket was achieved with a tertiary amide moiety, confirmed by the X-ray co-crystal structure of 29. When the diversity search was extended to nicotinamides, a single fluorine atom addition was found to significantly enhance the permeability, which directly led to the discovery of 7 (BMS-986202) as a clinical Tyk2 inhibitor that binds to Tyk2 JH2. The preclinical studies of 7, including efficacy studies in mouse models of IL-23-driven acanthosis, anti-CD40-induced colitis, and spontaneous lupus, will also be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunjian Liu
- Immunosciences Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - James Lin
- Immunosciences Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Charles Langevine
- Immunosciences Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Daniel Smith
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jianqing Li
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - John S Tokarski
- Molecular Structure and Design, Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Javed Khan
- Molecular Structure and Design, Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Max Ruzanov
- Molecular Structure and Design, Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Joann Strnad
- Immunosciences Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Adriana Zupa-Fernandez
- Immunosciences Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Lihong Cheng
- Immunosciences Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Kathleen M Gillooly
- Immunosciences Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - David Shuster
- Immunosciences Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Immunosciences Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Anil Thankappan
- Immunosciences Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Kim W McIntyre
- Immunosciences Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Charu Chaudhry
- Leads Discovery and Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Paul A Elzinga
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic Department, Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Manoj Chiney
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic Department, Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Anjaneya Chimalakonda
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic Department, Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Louis J Lombardo
- Immunosciences Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - John E Macor
- Immunosciences Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Percy H Carter
- Immunosciences Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - James R Burke
- Immunosciences Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - David S Weinstein
- Immunosciences Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Podoltsev NA, Wang X, Wang R, Hofmann JN, Liao LM, Zeidan AM, Mesa RA, Ma X. Diet and Risk of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms in Older Individuals from the NIH-AARP Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:2343-2350. [PMID: 32868318 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) is obscure, and no previous studies have evaluated the role of diet. METHODS In the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, a prospective cohort of 463,049 participants ages 50 to 71 years at baseline (1995-1996), we identified 490 MPN cases after a median follow-up of 15.5 years, including 190 with polycythemia vera (PV) and 146 with essential thrombocythemia (ET). We examined possible associations between various dietary factors and the risk of MPN as a group, as well as PV and ET, using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and adjust for potential confounding variables. RESULTS An increased risk was observed between fruit consumption and the risk of MPN overall (third tertile vs. first tertile, HR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.04-1.67; P trend = 0.02) and PV (third tertile vs. first tertile, HR = 2.00; 95% CI, 1.35-2.95; P trend < 0.01). Increased risk of PV was also observed among those with high intake of sugar (HR = 1.77; 95% CI, 1.12-2.79), sugar from natural sources (HR = 1.77; 95% CI, 1.16-2.71), sugar from natural beverage sources (HR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.08-2.29), and fructose (HR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.21-2.79). CONCLUSIONS The intake of fat and protein did not appear to influence PV risk-neither did meat or vegetable consumption. None of the dietary factors studied was associated with the risk of ET. The role of sugar intake in the etiology of PV in older individuals warrants further investigation. IMPACT Our results indicate that high sugar intake is associated with an increased risk of polycythemia vera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai A Podoltsev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amer M Zeidan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ruben A Mesa
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xu P, Shen P, Yu B, Xu X, Ge R, Cheng X, Chen Q, Bian J, Li Z, Wang J. Janus kinases (JAKs): The efficient therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases and myeloproliferative disorders. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 192:112155. [PMID: 32120325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Janus kinases or JAKs are a family of intracellular tyrosine kinases that play an essential role in the signaling of numerous cytokines that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and myeloproliferative disorders. JAKs are activated upon ligand induced receptor homo- or heterodimerization, which results in the immediate phosphorylation of tyrosine residues and the phosphotyrosines then serve as docking sites for cytoplasmic signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins which become phosphorylated by the JAKs upon recruitment to the receptor complex. The phosphorylated STAT proteins dimerize and travel to the cellular nucleus, where they act as transcription factors. Interfering in the JAK-STAT pathway has yielded the only approved small molecule kinase inhibitors for immunological indications. Numerous medicinal chemistry studies are currently aimed at the design of novel and potent inhibitors for JAKs. Additionally, whether the second-generation inhibitors which possessed selectivity for JAKs are more efficient are under research. This Perspective summarizes the progress in the discovery and development of JAKs inhibitors, including the potential binding site and approaches for identifying small-molecule inhibitors, as well as future therapeutic perspectives in autoimmune diseases and myeloproliferative disorders are also put forward in order to provide reference and rational for the drug discovery of novel and potent JAKs inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Pei Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xi Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Raoling Ge
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Xinying Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Qiuyu Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Jinlei Bian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21009, China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21009, China.
| | - JuBo Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cletzer E, Klahn S, Dervisis N, LeRoith T. Identification of the JAK-STAT pathway in canine splenic hemangiosarcoma, thyroid carcinoma, mast cell tumor, and anal sac adenocarcinoma. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 220:109996. [PMID: 31958674 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the Janus Kinase (JAK) - Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) cellular signaling pathway has been associated with the development and progression of multiple human cancers. STAT3 has been reported to be present and constitutively active in a number of veterinary cancers, and few studies have reported mutations or activation of JAK1 or JAK2. Archived tissue samples from 54 client-owned dogs with histologically-diagnosed HSA, MCT, TC, or AGASACA were evaluated by immunohistochemical scoring of JAK1, JAK2, STAT3, and the phosphorylated counterparts pJAK1, pJAK2, and pSTAT3. IHC scoring was retrospectively analyzed with retrospectively-collected clinical parameters, including patient characteristics, metastasis, and survival. JAK1, pJAK1, JAK2, pJAK2, STAT3, and pSTAT3 were present in all tumor types evaluated. Significant correlations between JAK 1/2 or STAT3 and activated or downstream components were identified in all tumor types. Clinically, pSTAT3 was correlated with development of metastasis in dogs with MCT, while increased JAK1 expression or activation may impact survival in dogs with MCT or HSA. These findings provide a foundation to further investigate the JAK-STAT pathway in canine malignancies for additional therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Cletzer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 205 Duck Pond Dr, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Shawna Klahn
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 205 Duck Pond Dr, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Nikolaos Dervisis
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 205 Duck Pond Dr, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 205 Duck Pond Dr, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
TYK2: An Upstream Kinase of STATs in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111728. [PMID: 31694222 PMCID: PMC6896190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we concentrate on the recent findings describing the oncogenic potential of the protein tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2). The overview on the current understanding of TYK2 functions in cytokine responses and carcinogenesis focusses on the activation of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 3 and 5. Insight gained from loss-of-function (LOF) gene-modified mice and human patients homozygous for Tyk2/TYK2-mutated alleles established the central role in immunological and inflammatory responses. For the description of physiological TYK2 structure/function relationships in cytokine signaling and of overarching molecular and pathologic properties in carcinogenesis, we mainly refer to the most recent reviews. Dysregulated TYK2 activation, aberrant TYK2 protein levels, and gain-of-function (GOF) TYK2 mutations are found in various cancers. We discuss the molecular consequences thereof and briefly describe the molecular means to counteract TYK2 activity under (patho-)physiological conditions by cellular effectors and by pharmacological intervention. For the role of TYK2 in tumor immune-surveillance we refer to the recent Special Issue of Cancers “JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway in Cancer”.
Collapse
|
22
|
Liau NPD, Laktyushin A, Morris R, Sandow JJ, Nicola NA, Kershaw NJ, Babon JJ. Enzymatic Characterization of Wild-Type and Mutant Janus Kinase 1. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111701. [PMID: 31683831 PMCID: PMC6896158 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) are found constitutively associated with cytokine receptors and are present in an inactive state prior to cytokine exposure. Activating mutations of JAKs are causative for a number of leukemias, lymphomas, and myeloproliferative diseases. In particular, the JAK2V617F mutant is found in most human cases of polycythemia vera, a disease characterized by over-production of erythrocytes. The V617F mutation is found in the pseudokinase domain of JAK2 and it leads to cytokine-independent activation of the kinase, as does the orthologous mutation in other JAK-family members. The mechanism whereby this mutation hyperactivates these kinases is not well understood, primarily due to the fact that the full-length JAK proteins are difficult to produce for structural and kinetic studies. Here we have overcome this limitation to perform a series of enzymatic analyses on full-length JAK1 and its constitutively active mutant form (JAK1V658F). Consistent with previous studies, we show that the presence of the pseudokinase domain leads to a dramatic decrease in enzymatic activity with no further decrease from the presence of the FERM or SH2 domains. However, we find that the mutant kinase, in vitro, is indistinguishable from the wild-type enzyme in every measurable parameter tested: KM (ATP), KM (substrate), kcat, receptor binding, thermal stability, activation rate, dephosphorylation rate, and inhibitor affinity. These results show that the V658F mutation does not enhance the intrinsic enzymatic activity of JAK. Rather this data is more consistent with a model in which there are cellular processes and interactions that prevent JAK from being activated in the absence of cytokine and it is these constraints that are affected by disease-causing mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P D Liau
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville 3050, VIC, Australia.
| | - Artem Laktyushin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville 3050, VIC, Australia.
| | - Rhiannon Morris
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville 3050, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jarrod J Sandow
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville 3050, VIC, Australia.
| | - Nicos A Nicola
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville 3050, VIC, Australia.
| | - Nadia J Kershaw
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville 3050, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville 3050, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hammarén HM, Virtanen AT, Raivola J, Silvennoinen O. The regulation of JAKs in cytokine signaling and its breakdown in disease. Cytokine 2019; 118:48-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
24
|
Vainchenker W, Plo I, Marty C, Varghese LN, Constantinescu SN. The role of the thrombopoietin receptor MPL in myeloproliferative neoplasms: recent findings and potential therapeutic applications. Expert Rev Hematol 2019; 12:437-448. [PMID: 31092065 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2019.1617129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Classical Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs) include three disorders: Polycythemia Vera (PV), Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) and Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF). MPNs are associated with constitutive activation of JAK2 leading to persistent cell signaling downstream of the dimeric myeloid cytokine receptors due to mutations in three genes encoding JAK2, calreticulin (CALR) and the thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor (MPL or TPOR). CALR and MPL mutants induce JAK2 activation that depends on MPL expression, thus explaining why they induce megakaryocyte pathologies including ET and PMF, but not PV. In contrast, JAK2 V617F drives all three diseases as it induces persistent signaling via EPOR, G-CSFR (CSF3R) and MPL. Areas Covered: Here, we review how different pathogenic mutations of MPL are translated into active receptors by inducing stable dimerization. We focus on the unique role of MPL on the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), explaining why MPL is indispensable for the development of all MPNs. Last but not least, we describe how CALR mutants are pathogenic via binding and activation of MPL. Expert Opinion: Altogether, we believe that MPL is an important, but challenging, therapeutic target in MPNs that requires novel strategies to interrupt the specific conformational changes induced by each mutation or pathologic interaction without compromising the key functions of wild type MPL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Vainchenker
- a UMR1170 , INSERM , Villejuif , France.,b Université Paris-Saclay , Villejuif , France
| | - Isabelle Plo
- a UMR1170 , INSERM , Villejuif , France.,b Université Paris-Saclay , Villejuif , France
| | - Caroline Marty
- a UMR1170 , INSERM , Villejuif , France.,b Université Paris-Saclay , Villejuif , France
| | - Leila N Varghese
- c Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels , Brussels , Belgium.,d de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Stefan N Constantinescu
- c Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels , Brussels , Belgium.,d de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium.,e WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology) , Brussels , Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu C, Lin J, Moslin R, Tokarski JS, Muckelbauer J, Chang C, Tredup J, Xie D, Park H, Li P, Wu DR, Strnad J, Zupa-Fernandez A, Cheng L, Chaudhry C, Chen J, Chen C, Sun H, Elzinga P, D’arienzo C, Gillooly K, Taylor TL, McIntyre KW, Salter-Cid L, Lombardo LJ, Carter PH, Aranibar N, Burke JR, Weinstein DS. Identification of Imidazo[1,2- b]pyridazine Derivatives as Potent, Selective, and Orally Active Tyk2 JH2 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:383-388. [PMID: 30891145 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In sharp contrast to a previously reported series of 6-anilino imidazopyridazine based Tyk2 JH2 ligands, 6-((2-oxo-N1-substituted-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)amino)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine analogs were found to display dramatically improved metabolic stability. The N1-substituent on 2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine ring can be a variety of alkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl groups, but among them, 2-pyridyl provided much enhanced Caco-2 permeability, attributed to its ability to form intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Further structure-activity relationship studies at the C3 position led to the identification of highly potent and selective Tyk2 JH2 inhibitor 6, which proved to be highly effective in inhibiting IFNγ production in a rat pharmacodynamics model and fully efficacious in a rat adjuvant arthritis model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunjian Liu
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - James Lin
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Ryan Moslin
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - John S. Tokarski
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jodi Muckelbauer
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - ChiehYing Chang
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jeffrey Tredup
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Dianlin Xie
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Hyunsoo Park
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Peng Li
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Dauh-Rurng Wu
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Joann Strnad
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Adriana Zupa-Fernandez
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Lihong Cheng
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Charu Chaudhry
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Cliff Chen
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Huadong Sun
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Paul Elzinga
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Celia D’arienzo
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Kathleen Gillooly
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Tracy L. Taylor
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Kim W. McIntyre
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Luisa Salter-Cid
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Louis J. Lombardo
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Percy H. Carter
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Nelly Aranibar
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - James R. Burke
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - David S. Weinstein
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Leroy E, Balligand T, Pecquet C, Mouton C, Colau D, Shiau AK, Dusa A, Constantinescu SN. Differential effect of inhibitory strategies of the V617 mutant of JAK2 on cytokine receptor signaling. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:224-235. [PMID: 30707971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Janus kinase (JAK) 2 plays pivotal roles in signaling by several cytokine receptors. The mutant JAK2 V617F is the most common molecular event associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Selective targeting of the mutant would be ideal for treating these pathologies by sparing essential JAK2 functions. OBJECTIVE We characterize inhibitory strategies for JAK2 V617F and assess their effect on physiologic signaling by distinct cytokine receptors. METHODS Through structure-guided mutagenesis, we assessed the role of key residues around F617 and used a combination of cellular and biochemical assays to measure the activity of JAKs in reconstituted cells. We also assessed the effect of several specific JAK2 V617F inhibitory mutations on receptor dimerization using the NanoBiT protein complementation approach. RESULTS We identified a novel Janus kinase homology 2 (JH2) αC mutation, A598F, which is suggested to inhibit the aromatic stacking between F617 with F594 and F595. Like other JAK2 V617F inhibitory mutations, A598F decreased oncogenic activation and spared cytokine activation while preventing JAK2 V617F-promoted erythropoietin receptor dimerization. Surprisingly, A598F and other V617F-inhibiting mutations (F595A, E596R, and F537A) significantly impaired IFN-γ signaling. This was specific for IFN-γ because the inhibitory mutations preserved responses to ligands of a series of receptor complexes. Similarly, homologous mutations in JAK1 prevented signaling by IFN-γ. CONCLUSIONS The JH2 αC region, which is required for JAK2 V617F hyperactivation, is crucial for relaying cytokine-induced signaling of the IFN-γ receptor. We discuss how strategies aiming to inhibit JAK2 V617F could be used for identifying inhibitors of IFN-γ signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Leroy
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium; de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Balligand
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium; de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christian Pecquet
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium; de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Céline Mouton
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium; de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier Colau
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium; de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrew K Shiau
- Small Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Alexandra Dusa
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium; de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Stefan N Constantinescu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium; de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology), Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Trivedi S, Starz-Gaiano M. Drosophila Jak/STAT Signaling: Regulation and Relevance in Human Cancer and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124056. [PMID: 30558204 PMCID: PMC6320922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past three-decades, Janus kinase (Jak) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling has emerged as a paradigm to understand the involvement of signal transduction in development and disease pathology. At the molecular level, cytokines and interleukins steer Jak/STAT signaling to transcriptional regulation of target genes, which are involved in cell differentiation, migration, and proliferation. Jak/STAT signaling is involved in various types of blood cell disorders and cancers in humans, and its activation is associated with carcinomas that are more invasive or likely to become metastatic. Despite immense information regarding Jak/STAT regulation, the signaling network has numerous missing links, which is slowing the progress towards developing drug therapies. In mammals, many components act in this cascade, with substantial cross-talk with other signaling pathways. In Drosophila, there are fewer pathway components, which has enabled significant discoveries regarding well-conserved regulatory mechanisms. Work across species illustrates the relevance of these regulators in humans. In this review, we showcase fundamental Jak/STAT regulation mechanisms in blood cells, stem cells, and cell motility. We examine the functional relevance of key conserved regulators from Drosophila to human cancer stem cells and metastasis. Finally, we spotlight less characterized regulators of Drosophila Jak/STAT signaling, which stand as promising candidates to be investigated in cancer biology. These comparisons illustrate the value of using Drosophila as a model for uncovering the roles of Jak/STAT signaling and the molecular means by which the pathway is controlled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Trivedi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Michelle Starz-Gaiano
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Raivola J, Hammarén HM, Virtanen AT, Bulleeraz V, Ward AC, Silvennoinen O. Hyperactivation of Oncogenic JAK3 Mutants Depend on ATP Binding to the Pseudokinase Domain. Front Oncol 2018; 8:560. [PMID: 30560087 PMCID: PMC6287396 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) tyrosine kinase has a central role in the control of lymphopoiesis, and mutations in JAK3 can lead to either severe combined immunodeficiency or leukemia and lymphomas. JAK3 associates with the common gamma chain (γc) receptor and functions in a heteromeric signaling pair with JAK1. In IL-2 signaling JAK1 is the effector kinase for STAT5 phosphorylation but the precise molecular regulatory mechanisms of JAK1 and JAK3 and their individual domains are not known. The pseudokinase domain (JAK homology 2, JH2) of JAK3 is of particular interest as approximately half of clinical JAK3 mutations cluster into it. In this study, we investigated the role of JH2s of JAK1 and JAK3 in IL-2R signaling and show that STAT5 activation requires both JH1 and JH2 of JAK1, while both JH1 and JH2 in JAK3 are specifically required for the cytokine-induction of cellular signaling. Characterization of recombinant JAK3 JH2 in thermal shift assay shows an unstable protein domain, which is strongly stabilized by ATP binding. Unexpectedly, nucleotide binding to JAK3 JH2 was found to be cation-independent. JAK3 JH2 showed higher nucleotide binding affinity in MANT-ATP and fluorescent polarization competition assays compared to the other JAK JH2s. Analysis of the functional role of ATP binding in JAK3 JH2 in cells and in zebrafish showed that disruption of ATP binding suppresses ligand-independent activation of clinical JAK3 gain-of-function mutations residing in either JH2 or JH1 but does not inhibit constitutive activation of oncogenic JAK1. ATP-binding site mutations in JAK3 JH2 do not, however, abrogate normal IL-2 signaling making them distinct from JH2 deletion or kinase-deficient JAK3. These findings underline the importance of JAK3 JH2 for cellular signaling in both ligand-dependent and in gain-of-function mutation-induced activation. Furthermore, they identify the JH2 ATP-binding site as a key regulatory region for oncogenic JAK3 signaling, and thus a potential target for therapeutic modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juuli Raivola
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Henrik M Hammarén
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anniina T Virtanen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vilasha Bulleeraz
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Olli Silvennoinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yu Q, Qian W, Wang J, Wu Y, Zhang J, Chen W. An indel polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of JAK1 confers risk for hepatocellular carcinoma possibly by regulating JAK1 transcriptional activity in a Chinese population. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8088-8094. [PMID: 29731916 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to assess whether the rs112395617 polymorphism located in the Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) was associated with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to explore the potential mechanism of action. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 290 patients with HCC and 320 controls. A polymerase chain reaction-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assay was used to genotype the rs112395617 polymorphism. Quantitative (q)PCR was used to detect the genotype-phenotype association between HCC tissues and different genotypes. Vectors containing the insertion (ins)/ins or deletion (del)/del genotype of the rs112395617 polymorphism were constructed, and the luciferase assay was used to detect the JAK1 transcriptional activity affected by the rs112395617 polymorphism. It was identified that, when compared with the ins/ins genotype, the del/del and del/ins genotypes of rs112395617 were significantly associated with a decreased risk of HCC. The qPCR results demonstrated that the JAK1 mRNA expression level with ins/ins and ins/del genotypes was increased by 3.36 and 1.75-fold compared with the del/del genotype in human HCC tissue samples. In addition, the 'AATT' insertion allele of rs112395617 disrupted the binding site for microRNA (miR)-431-5p, thereby increasing JAK1 transcription in vitro. These data suggest that the rs112395617 polymorphism may contribute to HCC susceptibility, in full or at least partially through an effect on JAK1 transcriptional activity by disrupting its binding with miR-431-5p.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215002, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215002, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Changshu, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, P.R. China
| | - Yejiao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215002, P.R. China
| | - Jinkun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215002, P.R. China
| | - Weichang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vishwamitra D, George SK, Shi P, Kaseb AO, Amin HM. Type I insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling in hematological malignancies. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1814-1844. [PMID: 27661006 PMCID: PMC5352101 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system plays key roles in the establishment and progression of different types of cancer. In agreement with this idea, substantial evidence has shown that the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR) and its primary ligand IGF-I are important for maintaining the survival of malignant cells of hematopoietic origin. In this review, we discuss current understanding of the role of IGF-IR signaling in cancer with a focus on the hematological neoplasms. We also address the emergence of IGF-IR as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of different types of cancer including plasma cell myeloma, leukemia, and lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Vishwamitra
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suraj Konnath George
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ahmed O Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hesham M Amin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Progenitor B-1 B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is associated with collaborative mutations in 3 critical pathways. Blood Adv 2017; 1:1749-1759. [PMID: 29296821 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017009837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
B-1 and B-2 lymphocytes are derived from distinct developmental pathways and represent layered arms of the innate and adaptive immune systems, respectively. In contrast to a majority of murine B-cell malignancies, which stain positive with the B220 antibody, we discovered a novel form of B-cell leukemia in NUP98-PHF23 (NP23) transgenic mice. The immunophenotype (Lin- B220- CD19+ AA4.1+) was identical to that of progenitor (pro) B-1 cells, and VH gene usage was skewed toward 3' V regions, similar to murine fetal liver B cells. Moreover, the gene expression profile of these leukemias was most similar to that of fetal liver pro-B fraction BC, a known source of B-1 B cells, further supporting a pro-B-1 origin of these leukemias. The NP23 pro-B-1 acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) acquired spontaneous mutations in both Bcor and Janus kinase (Jak) pathway (Jak1/2/3 and Stat5a) genes, supporting a hypothesis that mutations in 3 critical pathways (stem-cell self-renewal, B-cell differentiation, and cytokine signaling) collaborate to induce B-cell precursor (BCP) ALL. Finally, the thymic stromal lymphopoietin (Tslp) cytokine is required for murine B-1 development, and chromosomal rearrangements resulting in overexpression of the TSLP receptor (CRLF2) are present in some patients with high-risk BCP-ALL (referred to as CRLF2r ALL). Gene expression profiles of NP23 pro-B-1 ALL were more similar to that of CRLF2r ALL than non-CRLF2r ALL, and analysis of VH gene usage from patients with CRLF2r ALL demonstrated preferential usage of VH regions used by human B-1 B cells, leading to the suggestion that this subset of patients with BCP-ALL has a malignancy of B-1, rather than B-2, B-cell origin.
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhu F, Hwang B, Miyamoto S, Rui L. Nuclear Import of JAK1 Is Mediated by a Classical NLS and Is Required for Survival of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:348-357. [PMID: 28031410 PMCID: PMC5473959 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
JAKs are non-receptor tyrosine kinases that are generally found in association with cytokine receptors. In the canonical pathway, roles of JAKs have well been established in activating STATs in response to cytokine stimulation to modulate gene transcription. In contrast, a noncanonical role of JAK2 has recently been discovered, in which JAK2 in the nucleus imparts the epigenetic regulation of gene transcription through phosphorylation of tyrosine 41 on the histone protein H3. Recent work further demonstrated that this noncanonical mechanism is conserved with JAK1, which is activated by the autocrine cytokines IL6 and IL10 in activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC DLBCL), a cancer type that is particularly difficult to treat and has poor prognosis. However, how JAK1 gains access to the nucleus to enable epigenetic regulation remains undefined. Here, we investigated this question and revealed that JAK1 has a classical nuclear localization signal toward the N-terminal region, which can be recognized by multiple importin α isoforms. Moreover, the nuclear import of JAK1 is independent of its kinase activity but is required for the optimal expansion of ABC DLBCL cells in vitroImplications: This study demonstrates that the nuclear import of JAK1 is essential for the optimal fitness of ABC DLBCL cells, and targeting JAK1 nuclear localization is a potential therapeutic strategy for ABC DLBCL. Mol Cancer Res; 15(3); 348-57. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Byounghoon Hwang
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Lixin Rui
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yao H, Ma Y, Hong Z, Zhao L, Monaghan SA, Hu MC, Huang LJ. Activating JAK2 mutants reveal cytokine receptor coupling differences that impact outcomes in myeloproliferative neoplasm. Leukemia 2017; 31:2122-2131. [PMID: 28057939 PMCID: PMC5589508 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Janus tyrosine kinase 2 (JAK2) mediates downstream signaling of cytokine receptors in all hematological lineages, yet constitutively active JAK2 mutants are able to drive selective expansion of particular lineage(s) in myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). The molecular basis of lineage specificity is unclear. Here, we show that three activating JAK2 mutants with similar kinase activities in vitro elicit distinctive MPN phenotypes in mice by differentially expanding erythroid vs granulocytic precursors. Molecularly, this reflects the differential binding of JAK2 mutants to cytokine receptors EpoR and GCSFR in the erythroid vs granulocytic lineage and the creation of unique receptor/JAK2 complexes that generate qualitatively distinct downstream signals. Our results demonstrate that activating JAK2 mutants can differentially couple to selective cytokine receptors and change the signaling repertoire, revealing the molecular basis for phenotypic differences elicited by JAK2 (V617F) or mutations in exon 12. On the basis of these findings, receptor-JAK2 interactions could represent new targets of lineage-specific therapeutic approaches against MPN, which may be applicable to other cancers with aberrant JAK-STAT signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Yao
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Y Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - L Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - S A Monaghan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - M-C Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - L J Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hou Q, Gong R, Liu X, Mao H, Xu X, Liu D, Dai Z, Wang H, Wang B, Hu C. Poly I:C facilitates the phosphorylation of Ctenopharyngodon idellus type I IFN receptor subunits and JAK kinase. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 60:13-20. [PMID: 27815207 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Janus kinase (JAK) family, JAK1 and TYK2 take part in JAK-STAT signaling pathway mediated by interferon in mammalian cells. Similar to the mammalian counterparts, fish JAK1 and TYK2 also perform their potential biological activities by phosphorylating cytokine receptors and STAT. In the present study, Ctenopharyngodon idellus JAK1 (CiJAK1) and TYK2 (CiTYK2) were cloned and identified. The full-length cDNA of CiJAK1 (KT724352.1) is 3829 bp, with an Open Reading Frame (ORF) of 3465 bp encoding a putative protein of 1154 amino acids. The full-length cDNA of CiTYK2 (KT724353.1) is 4337 bp, including an ORF of 3168 bp encoding 1055 amino acids. Structurally, both of them have B41, SH2, TyrKc and TyrKc common domains. CiJAK1 and CiTYK2 share a high degree of homology with their respective counterparts from Danio rerio and Cyprinus carpio by phylogenetic tree analysis. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), a synthetic dsRNA analogue, can launch the JAK-STAT antiviral signaling pathway. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of Poly I:C initiating the antiviral signaling pathway in fish, C. idellus kidney (CIK) cells were stimulated with Poly I:C and then the cell lysates were separated on 10% SDS-PAGE. The results showed that not only Poly I:C drastically increased the expression level of CiJAK1 and CiTYK2, but also it induced the phosphorylation of CiJAK1 and CiTYK2, as well as C. idellus type I IFN receptor subunits, CiCRFB1 and CiCRFB5. In detail, the levels of p-CiJAK1 and p-CiTYK2 were evidently up-regulated at 3 h post stimulation; however the phosphorylation levels of CiCRFB1 and CiCRFB5 displayed a sharp up-regulation at 12 h post stimulation of Poly I:C. As a basic mechnism of feedback regulation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway, overexpression of CiCRFB1 and CiCRFB5 in CIK cells facilitated the phosphorylation of CiJAK1 and CiTYK2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qunhao Hou
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Ruiyue Gong
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Xiancheng Liu
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Huiling Mao
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Zao Dai
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Haizhou Wang
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Binhua Wang
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Activating JAK1 mutation may predict the sensitivity of JAK-STAT inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5461-9. [PMID: 26701727 PMCID: PMC4868698 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common type of cancers worldwide. However, current therapeutic approaches for this epidemic disease are limited, and its 5-year survival rate hasn't been improved in the past decades. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor models have become an excellent in vivo system for understanding of disease biology and drug discovery. In order to identify new therapeutic targets for HCC, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on more than 60 HCC PDX models. Among them, four models exhibited protein-altering mutations in JAK1 (Janus Kinase 1) gene. To explore the transforming capability, these mutations were then introduced into HEK293FT and Ba/F3 cells. The results demonstrated that JAK1S703I mutation was able to activate JAK-STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) signaling pathway and drive cell proliferation in the absence of cytokine stimulation in vitro. Furthermore, the sensitivity to the treatment of a JAK1/2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib, was observed in JAK1S703I mutant PDX model, but not in other non-activating mutant or wild type models. Pharmacodynamic analysis showed that phosphorylation of STAT3 in the Ruxolitinib-treated tumor tissues was significantly suppressed. Collectively, our results suggested that JAK1S703I is an activating mutation for JAK-STAT signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo, and JAK-STAT pathway might represent a new therapeutic approach for HCC treatment. Monotherapy using a more potent and specific JAK1 inhibitor and combinatory therapy should be further explored in JAK1 mutant PDX models.
Collapse
|
37
|
Kiss R, Bajusz D, Baskin R, Tóth K, Monostory K, Sayeski PP, Keserű GM. Identification of 8-Hydroxyquinoline Derivatives Active Against Somatic V658F Mutant JAK1-Dependent Cells. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:925-933. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Kiss
- MTA-TTK-NAP B - Drug Discovery Research Group - Neurodegenerative Diseases; Research Center for Natural Sciences; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest Hungary
| | - Dávid Bajusz
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group; Research Centre for Natural Sciences; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest Hungary
| | - Rebekah Baskin
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics; University of Florida College of Medicine; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Katalin Tóth
- Metabolic Drug Interactions Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest Hungary
| | - Katalin Monostory
- Metabolic Drug Interactions Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest Hungary
| | - Peter P. Sayeski
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics; University of Florida College of Medicine; Gainesville FL USA
| | - György M. Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group; Research Centre for Natural Sciences; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang JC, Shi G, Baptiste S, Yarotska M, Sindhu H, Wong C, Kalavar M, Gotlieb V, Bandarchuk A, Chen H. Quantification of IGF-1 Receptor May Be Useful in Diagnosing Polycythemia Vera-Suggestion to Be Added to Be One of the Minor Criterion. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165299. [PMID: 27812134 PMCID: PMC5094699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous erythroid colony (EEC) formation is one of the minor criteria for diagnosing polycythemia vera (PV) according to 2008 WHO diagnostic criteria. But EEC requires bone marrow aspiration and sophisticated laboratory procedures; therefore, practically it is rarely used to diagnose PV. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) was found to be constitutively phosphorylated and was responsible for the EEC formation in PV; therefore, we measured IGF-1R levels in the peripheral blood of 26 PV patients and compared them with those of 33 patients with secondary polycythemia and 29 normal controls. Among the PV patients, 16 were treated with only phlebotomy, 9 received hydroxyurea, and 1 was treated with ruxolinitinib. We found that PV patients treated with only phlebotomy had significantly higher IGF-1R levels than did those PV patients treated with hydroxyurea or ruxolinitinib. None of the secondary PV patients or normal controls had elevated IGR-1R levels, while 14 of 16 (87%) PV patients had significantly elevated IGF-1R levels. The new 2016 WHO has eliminated EEC as a minor criterion for diagnosing PV, but there are still some cases that cannot be definitively diagnosed by the current criteria. Therefore, we suggest that quantifying the IGF-1R level in peripheral blood by flow cytometry to replace EEC as the minor criterion for diagnosing PV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jen C. Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Guanfang Shi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Stacey Baptiste
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Maryna Yarotska
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Hemant Sindhu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Ching Wong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Madhumati Kalavar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Vladimir Gotlieb
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Andrei Bandarchuk
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Hui Chen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Elevated Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Levels in Patients with Neurological Remission after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159764. [PMID: 27447486 PMCID: PMC4957810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
After traumatic spinal cord injury, an acute phase triggered by trauma is followed by a subacute phase involving inflammatory processes. We previously demonstrated that peripheral serum cytokine expression changes depend on neurological outcome after spinal cord injury. In a subsequent intermediate phase, repair and remodeling takes place under the mediation of growth factors such as Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1). IGF-1 is a promising growth factor which is thought to act as a neuroprotective agent. Since previous findings were taken from animal studies, our aim was to investigate this hypothesis in humans based on peripheral blood serum. Forty-five patients after traumatic spinal cord injury were investigated over a period of three months after trauma. Blood samples were taken according to a fixed schema and IGF-1 levels were determined. Clinical data including AIS scores at admission to the hospital and at discharge were collected and compared with IGF-1 levels. In our study, we could observe distinct patterns in the expression of IGF-1 in peripheral blood serum after traumatic spinal cord injury regardless of the degree of plegia. All patients showed a marked increase of levels seven days after injury. IGF-1 serum levels were significantly different from initial measurements at four and nine hours and seven and 14 days after injury, as well as one, two and three months after injury. We did not detect a significant correlation between fracture and the IGF-1 serum level nor between the quantity of operations performed after trauma and the IGF-1 serum level. Patients with clinically documented neurological remission showed consistently higher IGF-1 levels than patients without neurological remission. This data could be the base for the establishment of animal models for further and much needed research in the field of spinal cord injury.
Collapse
|
40
|
Cooperation of germ line JAK2 mutations E846D and R1063H in hereditary erythrocytosis with megakaryocytic atypia. Blood 2016; 128:1418-23. [PMID: 27389715 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-02-698951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of somatic JAK2 mutations in clonal myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) is well established. Recently, germ line JAK2 mutations were associated with polyclonal hereditary thrombocytosis and triple-negative MPNs. We studied a patient who inherited 2 heterozygous JAK2 mutations, E846D from the mother and R1063H from the father, and exhibited erythrocytosis and megakaryocytic atypia but normal platelet number. Culture of erythroid progenitors from the patient and his parents revealed hypersensitivity to erythropoietin (EPO). Using cellular models, we show that both E846D and R1063H variants lead to constitutive signaling (albeit much weaker than JAK2 V617F), and both weakly hyperactivate JAK2/STAT5 signaling only in the specific context of the EPO receptor (EPOR). JAK2 E846D exhibited slightly stronger effects than JAK2 R1063H and caused prolonged EPO-induced phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT5 via EPOR. We propose that JAK2 E846D predominantly contributes to erythrocytosis, but is not sufficient for the full pathological phenotype to develop. JAK2 R1063H, with very weak effect on JAK2/STAT5 signaling, is necessary to augment JAK2 activity caused by E846D above a threshold level leading to erythrocytosis with megakaryocyte abnormalities. Both mutations were detected in the germ line of rare polycythemia vera, as well as certain leukemia patients, suggesting that they might predispose to hematological malignancy.
Collapse
|
41
|
Kadri Z, Lefevre C, Goupille O, Penglong T, Granger-Locatelli M, Fucharoen S, Maouche-Chretien L, Leboulch P, Chretien S. Erythropoietin and IGF-1 signaling synchronize cell proliferation and maturation during erythropoiesis. Genes Dev 2016; 29:2603-16. [PMID: 26680303 PMCID: PMC4699388 DOI: 10.1101/gad.267633.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Kadri et al. show that erythropoietin activates AKT, which phosphorylates GATA-1 at Ser310, thereby increasing GATA-1 affinity for FOG-1. In turn, FOG-1 displaces pRb/E2F-2 from GATA-1, ultimately releasing free, proproliferative E2F-2. Mice bearing a GATA-1S310A mutation suffer from fatal anemia when a compensatory pathway for E2F-2 production involving IGF-1 signaling is simultaneously abolished. Tight coordination of cell proliferation and differentiation is central to red blood cell formation. Erythropoietin controls the proliferation and survival of red blood cell precursors, while variations in GATA-1/FOG-1 complex composition and concentrations drive their maturation. However, clear evidence of cross-talk between molecular pathways is lacking. Here, we show that erythropoietin activates AKT, which phosphorylates GATA-1 at Ser310, thereby increasing GATA-1 affinity for FOG-1. In turn, FOG-1 displaces pRb/E2F-2 from GATA-1, ultimately releasing free, proproliferative E2F-2. Mice bearing a Gata-1S310A mutation suffer from fatal anemia when a compensatory pathway for E2F-2 production involving insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling is simultaneously abolished. In the context of the GATA-1V205G mutation resulting in lethal anemia, we show that the Ser310 cannot be phosphorylated and that constitutive phosphorylation at this position restores partial erythroid differentiation. This study sheds light on the GATA-1 pathways that synchronize cell proliferation and differentiation for tissue homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kadri
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR-E 007, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Carine Lefevre
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR-E 007, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Olivier Goupille
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR-E 007, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Tipparat Penglong
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR-E 007, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 73170 Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Marine Granger-Locatelli
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR-E 007, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Suthat Fucharoen
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 73170 Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Leila Maouche-Chretien
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR-E 007, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Leboulch
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR-E 007, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 73170 Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Stany Chretien
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR-E 007, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 75013 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Uncoupling JAK2 V617F activation from cytokine-induced signalling by modulation of JH2 αC helix. Biochem J 2016; 473:1579-91. [PMID: 27029346 PMCID: PMC4888464 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which JAK2 is activated by the prevalent pseudokinase (JH2) V617F mutation in blood cancers remain elusive. Via structure-guided mutagenesis and transcriptional and functional assays, we identify a community of residues from the JH2 helix αC, SH2-JH2 linker and JH1 kinase domain that mediate V617F-induced activation. This circuit is broken by altering the charge of residues along the solvent-exposed face of the JH2 αC, which is predicted to interact with the SH2-JH2 linker and JH1. Mutations that remove negative charges or add positive charges, such as E596A/R, do not alter the JH2 V617F fold, as shown by the crystal structure of JH2 V617F E596A. Instead, they prevent kinase domain activation via modulation of the C-terminal residues of the SH2-JH2 linker. These results suggest strategies for selective V617F JAK2 inhibition, with preservation of wild-type function.
Collapse
|
43
|
Nussenzveig RH, Pham HT, Perkins SL, Prchal JT, Agarwal AM, Salama ME. Increased frequency of co-existingJAK2exon-12 orMPLexon-10 mutations in patients with lowJAK2V617Fallelic burden. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 57:1429-35. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1091932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
44
|
Leitner NR, Witalisz-Siepracka A, Strobl B, Müller M. Tyrosine kinase 2 - Surveillant of tumours and bona fide oncogene. Cytokine 2015; 89:209-218. [PMID: 26631911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a member of the Janus kinase (JAK) family, which transduces cytokine and growth factor signalling. Analysis of TYK2 loss-of-function revealed its important role in immunity to infection, (auto-) immunity and (auto-) inflammation. TYK2-deficient patients unravelled high similarity between mice and men with respect to cellular signalling functions and basic immunology. Genome-wide association studies link TYK2 to several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases as well as carcinogenesis. Due to its cytokine signalling functions TYK2 was found to be essential in tumour surveillance. Lately TYK2 activating mutants and fusion proteins were detected in patients diagnosed with leukaemic diseases suggesting that TYK2 is a potent oncogene. Here we review the cell intrinsic and extrinsic functions of TYK2 in the characteristics preventing and enabling carcinogenesis. In addition we describe an unexpected function of kinase-inactive TYK2 in tumour rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Leitner
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnieszka Witalisz-Siepracka
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Springuel L, Renauld JC, Knoops L. JAK kinase targeting in hematologic malignancies: a sinuous pathway from identification of genetic alterations towards clinical indications. Haematologica 2015; 100:1240-53. [PMID: 26432382 PMCID: PMC4591756 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.132142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive JAK-STAT pathway activation occurs in most myeloproliferative neoplasms as well as in a significant proportion of other hematologic malignancies, and is frequently a marker of poor prognosis. The underlying molecular alterations are heterogeneous as they include activating mutations in distinct components (cytokine receptor, JAK, STAT), overexpression (cytokine receptor, JAK) or rare JAK2 fusion proteins. In some cases, concomitant loss of negative regulators contributes to pathogenesis by further boosting the activation of the cascade. Exploiting the signaling bottleneck provided by the limited number of JAK kinases is an attractive therapeutic strategy for hematologic neoplasms driven by constitutive JAK-STAT pathway activation. However, given the conserved nature of the kinase domain among family members and the interrelated roles of JAK kinases in many physiological processes, including hematopoiesis and immunity, broad usage of JAK inhibitors in hematology is challenged by their narrow therapeutic window. Novel therapies are, therefore, needed. The development of more selective inhibitors is a questionable strategy as such inhibitors might abrogate the beneficial contribution of alleviating the cancer-related pro-inflammatory microenvironment and raise selective pressure to a threshold that allows the emergence of malignant subclones harboring drug-resistant mutations. In contrast, synergistic combinations of JAK inhibitors with drugs targeting cascades that work in concert with JAK-STAT pathway appear to be promising therapeutic alternatives to JAK inhibitors as monotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Springuel
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Renauld
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Knoops
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium Hematology Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pilati C, Zucman-Rossi J. Mutations leading to constitutive active gp130/JAK1/STAT3 pathway. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:499-506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
47
|
Min X, Ungureanu D, Maxwell S, Hammarén H, Thibault S, Hillert EK, Ayres M, Greenfield B, Eksterowicz J, Gabel C, Walker N, Silvennoinen O, Wang Z. Structural and Functional Characterization of the JH2 Pseudokinase Domain of JAK Family Tyrosine Kinase 2 (TYK2). J Biol Chem 2015; 290:27261-27270. [PMID: 26359499 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.672048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK (Janus family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases) family tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) participates in signaling through cytokine receptors involved in immune responses and inflammation. JAKs are characterized by dual kinase domain: a tyrosine kinase domain (JH1) that is preceded by a pseudokinase domain (JH2). The majority of disease-associated mutations in JAKs map to JH2, demonstrating its central regulatory function. JH2s were considered catalytically inactive, but JAK2 JH2 was found to have low autoregulatory catalytic activity. Whether the other JAK JH2s share ATP binding and enzymatic activity has been unclear. Here we report the crystal structure of TYK2 JH2 in complex with adenosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate) (ATP-γS) and characterize its nucleotide binding by biochemical and biophysical methods. TYK2 JH2 did not show phosphotransfer activity, but it binds ATP and the nucleotide binding stabilizes the protein without inducing major conformational changes. Mutation of the JH2 ATP-binding pocket increased basal TYK2 phosphorylation and downstream signaling. The overall structural characteristics of TYK2 JH2 resemble JAK2 JH2, but distinct stabilizing molecular interactions around helix αAL in the activation loop provide a structural basis for differences in substrate access and catalytic activities among JAK family JH2s. The structural and biochemical data suggest that ATP binding is functionally important for both TYK2 and JAK2 JH2s, whereas the regulatory phosphorylation appears to be a unique property of JAK2. Finally, the co-crystal structure of TYK2 JH2 complexed with a small molecule inhibitor demonstrates that JH2 is accessible to ATP-competitive compounds, which offers novel approaches for targeting cytokine signaling as well as potential therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Min
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Daniela Ungureanu
- the Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sarah Maxwell
- Departments of Inflammation, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Henrik Hammarén
- the School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Steve Thibault
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | | | - Merrill Ayres
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Brad Greenfield
- Departments of Inflammation, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - John Eksterowicz
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Chris Gabel
- Departments of Inflammation, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Nigel Walker
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Olli Silvennoinen
- the School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Hematology, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Zhulun Wang
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
van der Weyden L, Giotopoulos G, Wong K, Rust AG, Robles-Espinoza CD, Osaki H, Huntly BJ, Adams DJ. Somatic drivers of B-ALL in a model of ETV6-RUNX1; Pax5(+/-) leukemia. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:585. [PMID: 26269126 PMCID: PMC4542115 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is amongst the leading causes of childhood cancer-related mortality. Its most common chromosomal aberration is the ETV6-RUNX1 fusion gene, with ~25% of ETV6-RUNX1 patients also carrying PAX5 alterations. METHODS We have recreated this mutation background by inter-crossing Etv6-RUNX1 (Etv6 (RUNX1-SB)) and Pax5(+/-) mice and performed an in vivo analysis to find driver genes using Sleeping Beauty transposon-mediated mutagenesis and also exome sequencing. RESULTS Combination of Etv6-RUNX1 and Pax5(+/-) alleles generated a transplantable B220 + CD19+ B-ALL with a significant disease incidence. RNA-seq analysis showed a gene expression pattern consistent with arrest at the pre-B stage. Analysis of the transposon common insertion sites identified genes involved in B-cell development (Zfp423) and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway (Jak1, Stat5 and Il2rb), while exome sequencing revealed somatic hotspot mutations in Jak1 and Jak3 at residues analogous to those mutated in human leukemias, and also mutation of Trp53. CONCLUSIONS Powerful synergies exists in our model suggesting STAT pathway activation and mutation of Trp53 are potent drivers of B-ALL in the context of Etv6-RUNX1;Pax5(+/-).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise van der Weyden
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK.
| | - George Giotopoulos
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Kim Wong
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK.
| | - Alistair G Rust
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK.
| | | | - Hikari Osaki
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Brian J Huntly
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK.
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Movement disorders, classically involving dysfunction of the basal ganglia commonly occur in neurodegenerative and structural brain disorders. At times, however, movement disorders can be the initial manifestation of a systemic disease. In this article we discuss the most common movement disorders which may present in infectious, autoimmune, paraneoplastic, metabolic and endocrine diseases. Management often has to be multidisciplinary involving primary care physicians, neurologists, allied health professionals including nurses, occupational therapists and less frequently neurosurgeons. Recognizing and treating the underlying systemic disease is important in order to improve the neurological symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
The MDM4/MDM2-p53-IGF1 axis controls axonal regeneration, sprouting and functional recovery after CNS injury. Brain 2015; 138:1843-62. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|