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Schweitzer-Stenner R. Probing the versatility of cytochrome c by spectroscopic means: A Laudatio on resonance Raman spectroscopy. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 259:112641. [PMID: 38901065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Over the last 50 years resonance Raman spectroscopy has become an invaluable tool for the exploration of chromophores in biological macromolecules. Among them, heme proteins and metal complexes have attracted considerable attention. This interest results from the fact that resonance Raman spectroscopy probes the vibrational dynamics of these chromophores without direct interference from the surrounding. However, the indirect influence via through-bond and through-space chromophore-protein interactions can be conveniently probed and analyzed. This review article illustrates this point by focusing on class 1 cytochrome c, a comparatively simple heme protein generally known as electron carrier in mitochondria. The article demonstrates how through selective excitation of resonance Raman active modes information about the ligation, the redox state and the spin state of the heme iron can be obtained from band positions in the Raman spectra. The investigation of intensities and depolarization ratios emerged as tools for the analysis of in-plane and out-of-plane deformations of the heme macrocycle. The article further shows how resonance Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize partially unfolded states of oxidized cytochrome c. Finally, it describes its use for exploring structural changes due to the protein's binding to anionic surfaces like cardiolipin containing membranes.
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Kumar N, Yang ML, Sun P, Hunker KL, Li J, Jia J, Fan F, Wang J, Ning X, Gao W, Xu M, Zhang J, Chang L, Chen YE, Huo Y, Zhang Y, Ganesh SK. Genetic variation in CCDC93 is associated with elevated central systolic blood pressure, impaired arterial relaxation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011151. [PMID: 39250516 PMCID: PMC11421807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies of blood pressure (BP) traits to date have been performed on conventional measures by brachial cuff sphygmomanometer for systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP, integrating several physiologic occurrences. Genetic associations with central SBP (cSBP) have not been well-studied. Genetic discovery studies of BP have been most often performed in European-ancestry samples. Here, we investigated genetic associations with cSBP in a Chinese population and functionally validated the impact of a novel associated coiled-coil domain containing 93 (CCDC93) gene on BP regulation. An exome-wide association study (EWAS) was performed using a mixed linear model of non-invasive cSBP and peripheral BP traits in a Han Chinese population (N = 5,954) from Beijing, China genotyped with a customized Illumina ExomeChip array. We identified four SNP-trait associations with three SNPs, including two novel associations (rs2165468-SBP and rs33975708-cSBP). rs33975708 is a coding variant in the CCDC93 gene, c.535C>T, p.Arg179Cys (MAF = 0.15%), and was associated with increased cSBP (β = 29.3 mmHg, P = 1.23x10-7). CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing was used to model the effect of Ccdc93 loss in mice. Homozygous Ccdc93 deletion was lethal prior to day 10.5 of embryonic development. Ccdc93+/- heterozygous mice were viable and morphologically normal, with 1.3-fold lower aortic Ccdc93 protein expression (P = 0.0041) and elevated SBP as compared to littermate Ccdc93+/+ controls (110±8 mmHg vs 125±10 mmHg, P = 0.016). Wire myography of Ccdc93+/- aortae showed impaired acetylcholine-induced relaxation and enhanced phenylephrine-induced contraction. RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis of Ccdc93+/- mouse thoracic aortae identified significantly enriched pathways altered in fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial metabolism. Plasma free fatty acid levels were elevated in Ccdc93+/- mice (96±7mM vs 124±13mM, P = 0.0031) and aortic mitochondrial dysfunction was observed through aberrant Parkin and Nix protein expression. Together, our genetic and functional studies support a novel role of CCDC93 in the regulation of BP through its effects on vascular mitochondrial function and endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Min-Lee Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Pengfei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kristina L. Hunker
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianjia Ning
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lin Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Hypertension Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Santhi K. Ganesh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Kim KH, Lee CB. Socialized mitochondria: mitonuclear crosstalk in stress. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1033-1042. [PMID: 38689084 PMCID: PMC11148012 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, mitochondria are considered sites of energy production. However, recent studies have suggested that mitochondria are signaling organelles that are involved in intracellular interactions with other organelles. Remarkably, stressed mitochondria appear to induce a beneficial response that restores mitochondrial function and cellular homeostasis. These mitochondrial stress-centered signaling pathways have been rapidly elucidated in multiple organisms. In this review, we examine current perspectives on how mitochondria communicate with the rest of the cell, highlighting mitochondria-to-nucleus (mitonuclear) communication under various stresses. Our understanding of mitochondria as signaling organelles may provide new insights into disease susceptibility and lifespan extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hwa Kim
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 840 Hadan-dong, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Korea.
| | - Cho Bi Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 840 Hadan-dong, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Korea
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4
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Zhou H, Sun X, Dai Y, Wang X, Dai Z, Li X. 14-3-3-η interacts with BCL-2 to protect human endothelial progenitor cells from ox-LDL-triggered damage. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:290-299. [PMID: 38100125 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) causes dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and we recently reported that 14-3-3-η can attenuate the damage triggered by ox-LDL in EPCs. However, the molecular mechanisms by which 14-3-3-η protects EPCs from the damage caused by ox-LDL are not fully understood. In this study, we observed that the expression of 14-3-3-η and BCL-2 were downregulated in ox-LDL-treated EPCs. Overexpression of 14-3-3-η in ox-LDL-treated EPC significantly increased BCL-2 level, while knockdown of BCL-2 reduced 14-3-3-η expression and mitigated the protective effect of 14-3-3-η on EPCs. In addition, we discovered that 14-3-3-η colocalizes and interacts with BCL-2 in EPCs. Taken together, these data suggest that 14-3-3-η protects EPCs from ox-LDL-induced damage by its interaction with BCL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaopei Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhihong Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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5
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Zhan J, Zeng D, Xiao X, Fang Z, Huang T, Zhao B, Zhu Q, Liu C, Jiang B, Zhou X, Li C, He L, Yang D, Liu M, Zhang X. Real-Time Observation of Conformational Changes and Translocation of Endogenous Cytochrome c within Intact Mitochondria. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4455-4466. [PMID: 38335066 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (cyt c) is a multifunctional protein with varying conformations. However, the conformation of cyt c in its native environment, mitochondria, is still unclear. Here, we applied NMR spectroscopy to investigate the conformation and location of endogenous cyt c within intact mitochondria at natural isotopic abundance, mainly using widespread methyl groups as probes. By monitoring time-dependent chemical shift perturbations, we observed that most cyt c is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and partially unfolded, which is distinct from its native conformation in solution. When suffering oxidative stress, cyt c underwent oxidative modifications due to increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), weakening electrostatic interactions with the membrane, and gradually translocating into the inner membrane spaces of mitochondria. Meanwhile, the lethality of oxidatively modified cyt c to cells was reduced compared with normal cyt c. Our findings significantly improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of ROS by cyt c in mitochondria. Moreover, it highlights the potential of NMR to monitor high-concentration molecules at a natural isotopic abundance within intact cells or organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongpei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinjun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Conggang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lichun He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Daiwen Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Maili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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6
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Yu H, Ning N, He F, Xu J, Zhao H, Duan S, Zhao Y. Targeted Delivery of Geraniol via Hyaluronic Acid-Conjugation Enhances Its Anti-Tumor Activity Against Prostate Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:155-169. [PMID: 38204602 PMCID: PMC10778230 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s444815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Targeted delivery systems have been developed to improve cancer treatment by reducing side effects and enhancing drug efficacy. Geraniol, a natural product, has demonstrated promising anti-cancer effects in various cancer types, including prostate cancer, which is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a natural carrier targeting CD44-positive prostate cancer cells, can be utilized in a targeted delivery system. Purpose This study investigated the efficacy of a conjugate of HA and geraniol linked via a disulfide bond linker (HA-SS-Geraniol) in prostate cancer. Materials and Methods The cytotoxicity of HA-SS-Geraniol was evaluated on human PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Flow cytometry was used to assess its effects on mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. Additionally, proteomic analysis was conducted to explore the underlying mechanism of action induced by HA-SS-Geraniol treatment. A subcutaneous xenograft tumor model was established in nude mice to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of HA-SS-Geraniol in vivo. Results The results demonstrated that HA-SS-Geraniol exhibited potent cytotoxicity against PC-3 prostate cancer cells by inducing mitochondrial membrane potential loss and apoptosis in vitro. The proteomic analysis further supported the hypothesis that HA-SS-Geraniol induces cell death through mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, as evidenced by differential protein expression. The in vivo mouse model confirmed the safety of HA-SS-Geraniol and its ability to inhibit tumor growth. Conclusion HA-SS-Geraniol holds promise as a biologically safe and potentially effective therapeutic agent for prostate cancer treatment. Its targeted delivery system utilizing HA as a carrier shows potential for improving the efficacy of geraniol in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325060, People’s Republic of China
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325060, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325060, People’s Republic of China
- Dorothy and George Hennings College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ, 07083, USA
| | - Na Ning
- College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325060, People’s Republic of China
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325060, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fujin He
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao Xu
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaofeng Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People’s Republic of China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunqi Zhao
- College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325060, People’s Republic of China
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325060, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325060, People’s Republic of China
- Dorothy and George Hennings College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ, 07083, USA
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7
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Cascella R, Banchelli M, Abolghasem Ghadami S, Ami D, Gagliani MC, Bigi A, Staderini T, Tampellini D, Cortese K, Cecchi C, Natalello A, Adibi H, Matteini P, Chiti F. An in situ and in vitro investigation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 inclusions reveals the absence of a clear amyloid signature. Ann Med 2023; 55:72-88. [PMID: 36495262 PMCID: PMC9746631 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2148734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Several neurodegenerative conditions are associated with a common histopathology within neurons of the central nervous system, consisting of the deposition of cytoplasmic inclusions of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43). Such inclusions have variably been described as morphologically and molecularly ordered aggregates having amyloid properties, as filaments without the cross-β-structure and dye binding specific for amyloid, or as amorphous aggregates with no defined structure and fibrillar morphology.Aims and Methods: Here we have expressed human full-length TDP-43 in neuroblastoma x spinal cord 34 (NSC-34) cells to investigate the morphological, structural, and tinctorial properties of TDP-43 inclusions in situ. We have used last-generation amyloid diagnostic probes able to cross the cell membrane and detect amyloid in the cytoplasm and have adopted Raman and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopies to study in situ the secondary structure of the TDP-43 protein in the inclusions. We have then used transmission electron microscopy to study the morphology of the TDP-43 inclusions.Results: The results show the absence of amyloid dye binding, the lack of an enrichment of cross-β structure in the inclusions, and of a fibrillar texture in the round inclusions. The aggregates formed in vitro from the purified protein under conditions in which it is initially native also lack all these characteristics, ruling out a clear amyloid-like signature.Conclusions: These findings indicate a low propensity of TDP-43 to form amyloid fibrils and even non-amyloid filaments, under conditions in which the protein is initially native and undergoes its typical nucleus-to-cell mislocalization. It cannot be excluded that filaments emerge on the long time scale from such inclusions, but the high propensity of the protein to form initially other types of inclusions appear to be an essential characteristic of TDP-43 proteinopathies.KEY MESSAGESCytoplasmic inclusions of TDP-43 formed in NSC-34 cells do not stain with amyloid-diagnostic dyes, are not enriched with cross-β structure, and do not show a fibrillar morphology.TDP-43 assemblies formed in vitro from pure TDP-43 do not have any hallmarks of amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cascella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Banchelli
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Diletta Ami
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Milan Center of Neuroscience (NeuroMI), Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Gagliani
- Cellular Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bigi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Staderini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Davide Tampellini
- U 1195 INSERM-Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.,Institut Professeur Baulieu, Paris, France
| | - Katia Cortese
- Cellular Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cristina Cecchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Milan Center of Neuroscience (NeuroMI), Milan, Italy
| | - Hadi Adibi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Paolo Matteini
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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8
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Behnam B, Taghizadeh-Hesary F. Mitochondrial Metabolism: A New Dimension of Personalized Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4058. [PMID: 37627086 PMCID: PMC10452105 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy is needed by cancer cells to stay alive and communicate with their surroundings. The primary organelles for cellular metabolism and energy synthesis are mitochondria. Researchers recently proved that cancer cells can steal immune cells' mitochondria using nanoscale tubes. This finding demonstrates the dependence of cancer cells on normal cells for their living and function. It also denotes the importance of mitochondria in cancer cells' biology. Emerging evidence has demonstrated how mitochondria are essential for cancer cells to survive in the harsh tumor microenvironments, evade the immune system, obtain more aggressive features, and resist treatments. For instance, functional mitochondria can improve cancer resistance against radiotherapy by scavenging the released reactive oxygen species. Therefore, targeting mitochondria can potentially enhance oncological outcomes, according to this notion. The tumors' responses to anticancer treatments vary, ranging from a complete response to even cancer progression during treatment. Therefore, personalized cancer treatment is of crucial importance. So far, personalized cancer treatment has been based on genomic analysis. Evidence shows that tumors with high mitochondrial content are more resistant to treatment. This paper illustrates how mitochondrial metabolism can participate in cancer resistance to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. Pretreatment evaluation of mitochondrial metabolism can provide additional information to genomic analysis and can help to improve personalized oncological treatments. This article outlines the importance of mitochondrial metabolism in cancer biology and personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Behnam
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, Amarex Clinical Research, NSF International, Germantown, MD 20874, USA
| | - Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1445613131, Iran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1445613131, Iran
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9
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Taghizadeh-Hesary F, Houshyari M, Farhadi M. Mitochondrial metabolism: a predictive biomarker of radiotherapy efficacy and toxicity. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:6719-6741. [PMID: 36719474 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiotherapy is a mainstay of cancer treatment. Clinical studies revealed a heterogenous response to radiotherapy, from a complete response to even disease progression. To that end, finding the relative prognostic factors of disease outcomes and predictive factors of treatment efficacy and toxicity is essential. It has been demonstrated that radiation response depends on DNA damage response, cell cycle phase, oxygen concentration, and growth rate. Emerging evidence suggests that altered mitochondrial metabolism is associated with radioresistance. METHODS This article provides a comprehensive evaluation of the role of mitochondria in radiotherapy efficacy and toxicity. In addition, it demonstrates how mitochondria might be involved in the famous 6Rs of radiobiology. RESULTS In terms of this idea, decreasing the mitochondrial metabolism of cancer cells may increase radiation response, and enhancing the mitochondrial metabolism of normal cells may reduce radiation toxicity. Enhancing the normal cells (including immune cells) mitochondrial metabolism can potentially improve the tumor response by enhancing immune reactivation. Future studies are invited to examine the impacts of mitochondrial metabolism on radiation efficacy and toxicity. Improving radiotherapy response with diminishing cancer cells' mitochondrial metabolism, and reducing radiotherapy toxicity with enhancing normal cells' mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Clinical Oncology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Houshyari
- Clinical Oncology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Kang JB, Koh PO. Retinoic Acid Has Neuroprotective effects by Modulating Thioredoxin in Ischemic Brain Damage and Glutamate-exposed Neurons. Neuroscience 2023; 521:166-181. [PMID: 37149281 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a neurological disorder that causes pathological changes by increasing oxidative stress. Retinoic acid is one of the metabolites of vitamin A. It regulates oxidative stress and exerts neuroprotective effects. Thioredoxin is a small redox protein with antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether retinoic acid modulates the expression of thioredoxin in ischemic brain injury. Cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery and retinoic acid (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered to adult male rats for four days prior to surgery. MCAO induced neurological deficits and increased oxidative stress and retinoic acid attenuated these changes. Retinoic acid ameliorated the MCAO-induced decrease in thioredoxin expression. MCAO decreases the interaction between thioredoxin and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), and retinoic acid treatment alleviates this decrease. Glutamate (5 mM) exposure induced cell death and decreased thioredoxin expression in cultured neurons. Retinoic acid treatment attenuated these changes in a dose-dependent manner. Retinoic acid prevented the decrease of bcl-2 expression and the increase of bax expression caused by glutamate exposure. Moreover, retinoic acid attenuated the increases in caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome c in glutamate-exposed neurons. However, the mitigation effects of retinoic acid were lower in thioredoxin siRNA-transfected neurons than in non-transfected neurons. These results demonstrate that retinoic acid regulates oxidative stress and thioredoxin expression, maintains the interaction between thioredoxin and ASK1, and modulates apoptosis-associated proteins. Taken together, these results suggest that retinoic acid has neuroprotective effects by regulating thioredoxin expression and modulating apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Bin Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Phil-Ok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju 52828, South Korea.
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11
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Atlante A, Valenti D. Mitochondria Have Made a Long Evolutionary Path from Ancient Bacteria Immigrants within Eukaryotic Cells to Essential Cellular Hosts and Key Players in Human Health and Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4451-4479. [PMID: 37232752 PMCID: PMC10217700 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have made a long evolutionary path from ancient bacteria immigrants within the eukaryotic cell to become key players for the cell, assuming crucial multitasking skills critical for human health and disease. Traditionally identified as the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells due to their central role in energy metabolism, these chemiosmotic machines that synthesize ATP are known as the only maternally inherited organelles with their own genome, where mutations can cause diseases, opening up the field of mitochondrial medicine. More recently, the omics era has highlighted mitochondria as biosynthetic and signaling organelles influencing the behaviors of cells and organisms, making mitochondria the most studied organelles in the biomedical sciences. In this review, we will especially focus on certain 'novelties' in mitochondrial biology "left in the shadows" because, although they have been discovered for some time, they are still not taken with due consideration. We will focus on certain particularities of these organelles, for example, those relating to their metabolism and energy efficiency. In particular, some of their functions that reflect the type of cell in which they reside will be critically discussed, for example, the role of some carriers that are strictly functional to the typical metabolism of the cell or to the tissue specialization. Furthermore, some diseases in whose pathogenesis, surprisingly, mitochondria are involved will be mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Atlante
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Valenti
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
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12
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Barichello T, Giridharan VV, Catalão CHR, Ritter C, Dal-Pizzol F. Neurochemical effects of sepsis on the brain. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:401-414. [PMID: 36942500 PMCID: PMC11315270 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction triggered by a dysregulated host immune response to eliminate an infection. After the host immune response is activated, a complex, dynamic, and time-dependent process is triggered. This process promotes the production of inflammatory mediators, including acute-phase proteins, complement system proteins, cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial peptides, which are required to initiate an inflammatory environment for eliminating the invading pathogen. The physiological response of this sepsis-induced systemic inflammation can affect blood-brain barrier (BBB) function; subsequently, endothelial cells produce inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade tight junction (TJ) proteins and decrease BBB function. The resulting BBB permeability allows peripheral immune cells from the bloodstream to enter the brain, which then release a range of inflammatory mediators and activate glial cells. The activated microglia and astrocytes release reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines, chemokines, and neurochemicals, initiate mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal damage, and exacerbate the inflammatory milieu in the brain. These changes trigger sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), which has the potential to increase cognitive deterioration and susceptibility to cognitive decline later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Barichello
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, U.S.A
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Vijayasree V Giridharan
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Carlos Henrique R Catalão
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, U.S.A
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Ritter
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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13
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Mitra S, Dash R, Sohel M, Chowdhury A, Munni YA, Ali C, Hannan MA, Islam T, Moon IS. Targeting Estrogen Signaling in the Radiation-induced Neurodegeneration: A Possible Role of Phytoestrogens. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:353-379. [PMID: 35272592 PMCID: PMC10190149 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220310115004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation for medical use is a well-established therapeutic method with an excellent prognosis rate for various cancer treatments. Unfortunately, a high dose of radiation therapy comes with its own share of side effects, causing radiation-induced non-specific cellular toxicity; consequently, a large percentage of treated patients suffer from chronic effects during the treatment and even after the post-treatment. Accumulating data evidenced that radiation exposure to the brain can alter the diverse cognitive-related signaling and cause progressive neurodegeneration in patients because of elevated oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and loss of neurogenesis. Epidemiological studies suggested the beneficial effect of hormonal therapy using estrogen in slowing down the progression of various neuropathologies. Despite its primary function as a sex hormone, estrogen is also renowned for its neuroprotective activity and could manage radiation-induced side effects as it regulates many hallmarks of neurodegenerations. Thus, treatment with estrogen and estrogen-like molecules or modulators, including phytoestrogens, might be a potential approach capable of neuroprotection in radiation-induced brain degeneration. This review summarized the molecular mechanisms of radiation effects and estrogen signaling in the manifestation of neurodegeneration and highlighted the current evidence on the phytoestrogen mediated protective effect against radiationinduced brain injury. This existing knowledge points towards a new area to expand to identify the possible alternative therapy that can be taken with radiation therapy as adjuvants to improve patients' quality of life with compromised cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Mitra
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Md. Sohel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Apusi Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, North-South University, Dhaka-12 29, Bangladesh
| | - Yeasmin Akter Munni
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Chayan Ali
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 08, Sweden
| | - Md. Abdul Hannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju38066, Republic of Korea
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14
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Ahmad F, Ramamorthy S, Areeshi MY, Ashraf GM, Haque S. Isolated Mitochondrial Preparations and In organello Assays: A Powerful and Relevant Ex vivo Tool for Assessment of Brain (Patho)physiology. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1433-1449. [PMID: 36872352 PMCID: PMC10324330 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230303123555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria regulate multiple aspects of neuronal development, physiology, plasticity, and pathology through their regulatory roles in bioenergetic, calcium, redox, and cell survival/death signalling. While several reviews have addressed these different aspects, a comprehensive discussion focussing on the relevance of isolated brain mitochondria and their utilities in neuroscience research has been lacking. This is relevant because the employment of isolated mitochondria rather than their in situ functional evaluation, offers definitive evidence of organelle-specificity, negating the interference from extra mitochondrial cellular factors/signals. This mini-review was designed primarily to explore the commonly employed in organello analytical assays for the assessment of mitochondrial physiology and its dysfunction, with a particular focus on neuroscience research. The authors briefly discuss the methodologies for biochemical isolation of mitochondria, their quality assessment, and cryopreservation. Further, the review attempts to accumulate the key biochemical protocols for in organello assessment of a multitude of mitochondrial functions critical for neurophysiology, including assays for bioenergetic activity, calcium and redox homeostasis, and mitochondrial protein translation. The purpose of this review is not to examine each and every method or study related to the functional assessment of isolated brain mitochondria, but rather to assemble the commonly used protocols of in organello mitochondrial research in a single publication. The hope is that this review will provide a suitable platform aiding neuroscientists to choose and apply the required protocols and tools to address their particular mechanistic, diagnostic, or therapeutic question dealing within the confines of the research area of mitochondrial patho-physiology in the neuronal perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Siva Ramamorthy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Mohammed Y. Areeshi
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Md. Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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15
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Sphingosine as a New Antifungal Agent against Candida and Aspergillus spp. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415510. [PMID: 36555152 PMCID: PMC9779773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether sphingosine is effective as prophylaxis against Aspergillus spp. and Candida spp. In vitro experiments showed that sphingosine is very efficacious against A. fumigatus and Nakeomyces glabrataa (formerly named C. glabrata). A mouse model of invasive aspergillosis showed that sphingosine exerts a prophylactic effect and that sphingosine-treated animals exhibit a strong survival advantage after infection. Furthermore, mechanistic studies showed that treatment with sphingosine leads to the early depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and to a release of cytochrome C within minutes, thereby presumably initiating apoptosis. Because of its very good tolerability and ease of application, inhaled sphingosine should be further developed as a possible prophylactic agent against pulmonary aspergillosis among severely immunocompromised patients.
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16
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Shukla AK, Abidi SMS, Sharma C, Chand Saini T, Acharya A. Single-walled carbon nanotube conjugated cytochrome c as exogenous nano catalytic medicine to combat intracellular oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:238-252. [PMID: 36257485 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to be one of the main causes of many diseases including cancer, type2 diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiac ischemia, sepsis, muscular dystrophy, etc. Under in vitro conditions, Cytochrome C (Cyt C) maintains mitochondrial homeostasis and stimulates apoptosis, along with being a key participant in the life-supporting function of ATP synthesis. Hence, the medicinal importance of Cyt C as catalytic defense is immensely important in various mitochondrial disorders. Here, we have developed a nanomaterial via electrostatically conjugating oxidized single-wall carbon nanotube with Cyt C (Cyt C@cSWCNT) for the exogenous delivery of Cyt C. The chemical and morphological characterization of the developed Cyt C@cSWCNT was done using UV-vis, FTIR, XPS, powder XRD, TGA/DSC, TEM, etc. The developed Cyt C@cSWCNT exhibited bifunctional catalase and peroxidase activity with Km (∼ 642.7 μM and 351.6 μM) and Vmax (∼0.33 μM/s and 2.62 μM/s) values, respectively. Also, through this conjugation Cyt C was found to retain its catalytic activity even at 60 °C, excellent catalytic recyclability (at least up to 3 times), and wider pH activity (pH = 3 to 9). Cyt C@cSWCNT was found to promote intracellular ROS quenching and maintain mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular membrane integrity via Na+/K+ ion homeostasis during the H2O2 stress. Overall the present strategy provides an alternative approach for the exogenous delivery of Cyt C which can be used as nano catalytic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Shukla
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (H.P.), 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Syed M S Abidi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (H.P.), 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Chandni Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (H.P.), 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Trilok Chand Saini
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (H.P.), 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Amitabha Acharya
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (H.P.), 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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17
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Lin MM, Liu N, Qin ZH, Wang Y. Mitochondrial-derived damage-associated molecular patterns amplify neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2439-2447. [PMID: 35233090 PMCID: PMC9525705 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation are implicated in neurodegeneration and neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulating evidence shows multiple links between mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Mitochondrial-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are recognized by immune receptors of microglia and aggravate neuroinflammation. On the other hand, inflammatory factors released by activated glial cells trigger an intracellular cascade, which regulates mitochondrial metabolism and function. The crosstalk between mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammatory activation is a complex and dynamic process. There is strong evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction precedes neuroinflammation during the progression of diseases. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the specific molecular mechanisms associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the progression of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases may contribute to the identification of new targets for the treatment of diseases. In this review, we describe in detail the DAMPs that induce or aggravate neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases including mtDNA, mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR), mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), transcription factor A mitochondria (TFAM), cardiolipin, cytochrome c, mitochondrial Ca2+ and iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Deus CM, Tavares H, Beatriz M, Mota S, Lopes C. Mitochondrial Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns Content in Extracellular Vesicles Promotes Early Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:2364. [PMID: 35954208 PMCID: PMC9367540 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common hallmark in different neurodegenerative conditions that share neuronal dysfunction and a progressive loss of a selectively vulnerable brain cell population. Alongside ageing and genetics, inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are considered key risk factors. Microglia are considered immune sentinels of the central nervous system capable of initiating an innate and adaptive immune response. Nevertheless, the pathological mechanisms underlying the initiation and spread of inflammation in the brain are still poorly described. Recently, a new mechanism of intercellular signalling mediated by small extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been identified. EVs are nanosized particles (30-150 nm) with a bilipid membrane that carries cell-specific bioactive cargos that participate in physiological or pathological processes. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are cellular components recognised by the immune receptors of microglia, inducing or aggravating neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders. Diverse evidence links mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation mediated by mitochondrial-DAMPs (mtDAMPs) such as mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and cardiolipin, among others. Mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) are a subtype of EVs produced after mild damage to mitochondria and, upon fusion with multivesicular bodies are released as EVs to the extracellular space. MDVs are particularly enriched in mtDAMPs which can induce an immune response and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, growing evidence supports the association between mitochondrial dysfunction, EV release and inflammation. Here, we describe the role of extracellular vesicles-associated mtDAMPS in physiological conditions and as neuroinflammation activators contributing to neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sandra Mota
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, III-Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.D.); (H.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Carla Lopes
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, III-Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.D.); (H.T.); (M.B.)
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19
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Zhang M, Yang D, Dong C, Huang H, Feng G, Chen Q, Zheng Y, Tang H, Chen Y, Jing X. Two-Dimensional MXene-Originated In Situ Nanosonosensitizer Generation for Augmented and Synergistic Sonodynamic Tumor Nanotherapy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9938-9952. [PMID: 35639357 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the merits of high tissue-penetrating depth, no ionizing radiation, and low cost, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) still suffers from a low quantum yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS), limited delivery efficiency, and potential toxicity of sonosensitizers. Different from the direct delivery of sonosensitizers into tumor tissue for SDT, this work reports the fabrication of two-dimensional (2D) nanosonosensitizers/nanocatalysts (Ti3C2/CuO2@BSA) for the in situ generation of nanosonosensitizers by responding to the tumor microenvironment, achieving the high-performance and synergistic sonodynamic/chemodynamic tumor therapy. CuO2 nanoparticle integration on 2D Ti3C2 MXene achieved in situ H2O2 generation in an acidic tumor microenvironment for oxidizing Ti3C2 to produce TiO2 nanosonosensitizers, accompanied by the enhanced separation of electrons (e-) and holes (h+) by the carbon matrix after oxidation, further augmenting the SDT efficacy. Ultrasound irradiation during the sonodynamic process also enhanced the Cu-initiated Fenton-like reaction to produce more ROS for synergizing the sonodynamic tumor therapy. The experimental results confirm and demonstrate the synergistic therapeutic effects of chemodynamic and sonodynamic nanotherapy both in vitro and in vivo. The antitumor mechanisms of synergistic chemodynamic and sonodynamic therapies are associated with the upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation, ROS generation, and apoptosis as demonstrated by RNA sequencing. This work thus provides a distinct paradigm of 2D MXene-originated in situ nanosonosensitizer generation for augmented and synergistic sonodynamic tumor nanotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, P. R. China
| | - Dayan Yang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, P. R. China
| | - Caihong Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Guiying Feng
- Department of Ultrasonography, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, P. R. China
| | - Qiqing Chen
- Department of Ultrasonography, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyi Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P. R. China
| | - Hailin Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xiangxiang Jing
- Department of Ultrasonography, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, P. R. China
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Haslem L, Hays JM, Hays FA. p66Shc in Cardiovascular Pathology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111855. [PMID: 35681549 PMCID: PMC9180016 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
p66Shc is a widely expressed protein that governs a variety of cardiovascular pathologies by generating, and exacerbating, pro-apoptotic ROS signals. Here, we review p66Shc’s connections to reactive oxygen species, expression, localization, and discuss p66Shc signaling and mitochondrial functions. Emphasis is placed on recent p66Shc mitochondrial function discoveries including structure/function relationships, ROS identity and regulation, mechanistic insights, and how p66Shc-cyt c interactions can influence p66Shc mitochondrial function. Based on recent findings, a new p66Shc mitochondrial function model is also put forth wherein p66Shc acts as a rheostat that can promote or antagonize apoptosis. A discussion of how the revised p66Shc model fits previous findings in p66Shc-mediated cardiovascular pathology follows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon Haslem
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (L.H.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Jennifer M. Hays
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (L.H.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Franklin A. Hays
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (L.H.); (J.M.H.)
- Stephenson Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Correspondence:
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21
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Li M, Du X, Yuan Z, Cheng M, Dong P, Bai Y. Lentinan triggers oxidative stress-mediated anti-inflammatory responses in lung cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 477:469-477. [PMID: 34783966 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses change several aspects of malignancies such as proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis and lead to tumor progression. Lung cancer is the leading type of cancer worldwide and cancer-related inflammatory mediators challenge the successful treatments. Lentinan, a polysaccharide derived from Lentinula edodes, has shown anti-inflammatory characteristics in colitis and has been approved as an adjuvant therapy for cancer treatment. In the present study, we explored the mechanism underlying anti-inflammatory function of Lentinan in lung cancer cells. We showed that Lentinan reduced the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated A549 cells at the concentrations much lower than the IC50. Lentinan failed to alter the NLRP3 expression profile at transcriptional and translational levels. However, it showed a huge inhibition of caspase-1 activity. Lentinan downregulated the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β at the mRNA level. We also showed that Lentinan altered the oxidative status of the cells by increasing the intracellular ROS content and attenuating the activity of GPx4, the key player in the anti-oxidative defense system. Lentinan-induced ROS generation was associated with caspase-3 activation and induction of DNA breaks. This alteration was also associated with mitochondrial membrane depolarization shown by TMRE staining. Using recombinant caspase-1, we showed that Lentinan did not directly target caspase-1 but it led to caspase-1 inhibition. In conclusion, cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory functions are separated by the dose of Lentinan. Lentinan increased the ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction in a level that is insufficient to induce cell death, but is sufficient to regulate the NLRP3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zheng Yuan
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Mengzhi Cheng
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Penghua Dong
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116023, China.
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22
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Sabatier P, Beusch CM, Gencheva R, Cheng Q, Zubarev R, Arnér ESJ. Comprehensive chemical proteomics analyses reveal that the new TRi-1 and TRi-2 compounds are more specific thioredoxin reductase 1 inhibitors than auranofin. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102184. [PMID: 34788728 PMCID: PMC8591550 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer drugs that target cellular antioxidant systems have recently attracted much attention. Auranofin (AF) is currently evaluated in several clinical trials as an anticancer agent that targets the cytosolic and mitochondrial forms of the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase, TXNRD1 and TXNRD2. Recently, two novel TXNRD1 inhibitors (TRi-1 and TRi-2) have been developed that showed anticancer efficacy comparable to AF, but with lower mitochondrial toxicity. However, the cellular action mechanisms of these drugs have not yet been thoroughly studied. Here we used several proteomics approaches to determine the effects of AF, TRi-1 and TRi-2 when used at IC50 concentrations with the mouse B16 melanoma and LLC lung adenocarcinoma cells, as these are often used for preclinical mouse models in evaluation of anticancer drugs. The results demonstrate that TRi-1 and TRi-2 are more specific TXNRD1 inhibitors than AF and reveal additional AF-specific effects on the cellular proteome. Interestingly, AF triggered stronger Nrf2-driven antioxidant responses than the other two compounds. Furthermore, AF affected several additional proteins, including GSK3A, GSK3B, MCMBP and EEFSEC, implicating additional effects on glycogen metabolism, cellular differentiation, inflammatory pathways, DNA replication and selenoprotein synthesis processes. Our proteomics data provide a resource for researchers interested in the multidimensional analysis of proteome changes associated with oxidative stress in general, and the effects of TXNRD1 inhibitors and AF protein targets in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Sabatier
- Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Christian M Beusch
- Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Radosveta Gencheva
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Qing Cheng
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Roman Zubarev
- Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden; Department of Pharmacological & Technological Chemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119146, Russia; The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, 115478, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden; Department of Selenoprotein Research, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary.
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Kosic M, Paunovic V, Ristic B, Mircic A, Bosnjak M, Stevanovic D, Kravic-Stevovic T, Trajkovic V, Harhaji-Trajkovic L. 3-Methyladenine prevents energy stress-induced necrotic death of melanoma cells through autophagy-independent mechanisms. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 147:156-167. [PMID: 34294367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of 3-methyladenine (3MA), a class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-blocking autophagy inhibitor, on cancer cell death induced by simultaneous inhibition of glycolysis by 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) and mitochondrial respiration by rotenone. 2DG/rotenone reduced ATP levels and increased mitochondrial superoxide production, causing mitochondrial swelling and necrotic death in various cancer cell lines. 2DG/rotenone failed to increase proautophagic beclin-1 and autophagic flux in melanoma cells despite the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). 3MA, but not autophagy inhibition with other PI3K and lysosomal inhibitors, attenuated 2DG/rotenone-induced mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, ATP depletion, and cell death, while antioxidant treatment mimicked its protective action. The protection was not mediated by autophagy upregulation via class I PI3K/Akt inhibition, as it was preserved in cells with genetically inhibited autophagy. 3MA increased AMPK and mTORC1 activation in energy-stressed cells, but neither AMPK nor mTORC1 inhibition reduced its cytoprotective effect. 3MA reduced JNK activation, and JNK pharmacological/genetic suppression mimicked its mitochondria-preserving and cytoprotective activity. Therefore, 3MA prevents energy stress-triggered cancer cell death through autophagy-independent mechanisms possibly involving JNK suppression and decrease of oxidative stress. Our results warrant caution when using 3MA as an autophagy inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Kosic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Paunovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Ristic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Mircic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Bosnjak
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Stevanovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Kravic-Stevovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ljubica Harhaji-Trajkovic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research, "Sinisa Stankovic"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Zhang XJ, Gu Y, Fu W. A novel PPRC1 point mutation in a Chinese family with premature ovarian failure: A case study. J Gene Med 2021; 23:e3335. [PMID: 33818872 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with premature ovarian failure (POF) have an at least 6-month history of amenorrhea and elevated follicle-stimulating hormone levels in plasma. Most of the POF causes are idiopathic and hereditary, and chromosomal abnormalities have been associated with POF development. A pedigree study was performed on a family with idiopathic POF to observe the possible link between gene mutation and POF development. METHODS In total, eight women were diagnosed with POF and seven POF patients and five non-POF members from the same family were evaluated by whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. An apoptotic assay, senescence staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and overexpression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-related 1 (PPRC1) gene were performed to examine the association of POF in vitro. RESULTS Through whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing, a novel point mutation (NM_015062: c.2902C>T:p.Thr958Ile) was identified and verified in the PPRC1 gene on chromosome 10 (10q24.32). The point mutation only presented in all the seven POF cases and not in non-POF cases or public databases. Subsequent expression of PPRC1 in COV434 granulosa cells showed that PPRC1 might be involved in regulating granulosa cell apoptosis but not senescence-associated POF development. CONCLUSIONS A novel point mutation in the PPRC1 gene was identified by the pedigree study and by sequence analysis of the case series with idiopathic POF in the present study. The subsequent PPRC1 expression analysis showed that PPRC1 was not involved in senescence-associated POF development. Further studies will be needed to confirm the link between PPRC1 gene mutation and POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jin Zhang
- Obstertric and Gynecologic Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Obstertric and Gynecologic Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Obstertric and Gynecologic Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Sedlák E, Žár T, Varhač R, Musatov A, Tomášková N. Anion-Specific Effects on the Alkaline State of Cytochrome c. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:59-73. [PMID: 33705282 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Specific effects of anions on the structure, thermal stability, and peroxidase activity of native (state III) and alkaline (state IV) cytochrome c (cyt c) have been studied by the UV-VIS absorbance spectroscopy, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, and circular dichroism. Thermal and isothermal denaturation monitored by the tryptophan fluorescence and circular dichroism, respectively, implied lower stability of cyt c state IV in comparison with the state III. The pKa value of alkaline isomerization of cyt c depended on the present salts, i.e., kosmotropic anions increased and chaotropic anions decreased pKa (Hofmeister effect on protein stability). The peroxidase activity of cyt c in the state III, measured by oxidation of guaiacol, showed clear dependence on the salt position in the Hofmeister series, while cyt c in the alkaline state lacked the peroxidase activity regardless of the type of anions present in the solution. The alkaline isomerization of cyt c in the presence of 8 M urea, measured by Trp59 fluorescence, implied an existence of a high-affinity non-native ligand for the heme iron even in a partially denatured protein conformation. The conformation of the cyt c alkaline state in 8 M urea was considerably modulated by the specific effect of anions. Based on the Trp59 fluorescence quenching upon titration to alkaline pH in 8 M urea and molecular dynamics simulation, we hypothesize that the Lys79 conformer is most likely the predominant alkaline conformer of cyt c. The high affinity of the sixth ligand for the heme iron is likely a reason of the lack of peroxidase activity of cyt c in the alkaline state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Sedlák
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, 04154, Slovakia. .,Centre for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, 04154, Slovakia
| | - Tibor Žár
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, 04154, Slovakia.
| | - Rastislav Varhač
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, 04154, Slovakia.
| | - Andrej Musatov
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, 040 01, Slovakia.
| | - Nataša Tomášková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, 04154, Slovakia.
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26
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Miyata Y, Mukae Y, Harada J, Matsuda T, Mitsunari K, Matsuo T, Ohba K, Sakai H. Pathological and Pharmacological Roles of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Malignant Neoplasms: Therapies Involving Chemical Compounds, Natural Products, and Photosensitizers. Molecules 2020; 25:E5252. [PMID: 33187225 PMCID: PMC7697499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in cellular processes. Consequently, oxidative stress also affects etiology, progression, and response to therapeutics in various pathological conditions including malignant tumors. Oxidative stress and associated outcomes are often brought about by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulation of ROS occurs due to dysregulation of homeostasis in an otherwise strictly controlled physiological condition. In fact, intracellular ROS levels are closely associated with the pathological status and outcome of numerous diseases. Notably, mitochondria are recognized as the critical regulator and primary source of ROS. Damage to mitochondria increases mitochondrial ROS (mROS) production, which leads to an increased level of total intracellular ROS. However, intracellular ROS level may not always reflect mROS levels, as ROS is not only produced by mitochondria but also by other organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes. Thus, an evaluation of mROS would help us to recognize the biological and pathological characteristics and predictive markers of malignant tumors and develop efficient treatment strategies. In this review, we describe the pathological significance of mROS in malignant neoplasms. In particular, we show the association of mROS-related signaling in the molecular mechanisms of chemically synthesized and natural chemotherapeutic agents and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.M.); (J.H.); (T.M.); (K.M.); (T.M.); (K.O.); (H.S.)
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27
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Toth A, Aufschnaiter A, Fedotovskaya O, Dawitz H, Ädelroth P, Büttner S, Ott M. Membrane-tethering of cytochrome c accelerates regulated cell death in yeast. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:722. [PMID: 32892209 PMCID: PMC7474732 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02920-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic apoptosis as a modality of regulated cell death is intimately linked to permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane and subsequent release of the protein cytochrome c into the cytosol, where it can participate in caspase activation via apoptosome formation. Interestingly, cytochrome c release is an ancient feature of regulated cell death even in unicellular eukaryotes that do not contain an apoptosome. Therefore, it was speculated that cytochrome c release might have an additional, more fundamental role for cell death signalling, because its absence from mitochondria disrupts oxidative phosphorylation. Here, we permanently anchored cytochrome c with a transmembrane segment to the inner mitochondrial membrane of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, thereby inhibiting its release from mitochondria during regulated cell death. This cytochrome c retains respiratory growth and correct assembly of mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplexes. However, membrane anchoring leads to a sensitisation to acetic acid-induced cell death and increased oxidative stress, a compensatory elevation of cellular oxygen-consumption in aged cells and a decreased chronological lifespan. We therefore conclude that loss of cytochrome c from mitochondria during regulated cell death and the subsequent disruption of oxidative phosphorylation is not required for efficient execution of cell death in yeast, and that mobility of cytochrome c within the mitochondrial intermembrane space confers a fitness advantage that overcomes a potential role in regulated cell death signalling in the absence of an apoptosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Toth
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Svante Arrheniusväg 16, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Aufschnaiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Svante Arrheniusväg 16, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Olga Fedotovskaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Svante Arrheniusväg 16, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannah Dawitz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Svante Arrheniusväg 16, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pia Ädelroth
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Svante Arrheniusväg 16, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Büttner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Martin Ott
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Svante Arrheniusväg 16, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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28
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Qi C, Liu X, Xiong T, Wang D. Tempol prevents isoprenaline-induced takotsubo syndrome via the reactive oxygen species/mitochondrial/anti-apoptosis /p38 MAPK pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173439. [PMID: 32871175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Takotsubo Syndrome (TS) is a kind of acute cardiac syndrome with a complex pathophysiological mechanism that remains to be elucidated. The relationship between TS and reactive oxygen species has received increasing attention over in recent years. Therefore, the relationship between TS and reactive oxygen species was investigated in vivo and in vitro. Isoprenaline (ISO) was used to induce TS and tempol (quercetin) was selected as a scavenger to eliminate reactive oxygen species in animal experiments, and echocardiography was used to determine the incidence of TS. The H9C2 cells were cultured with different reagents to investigate the detailed mechanism; Reactive oxygen species levels and mitochondrial function were evaluated. Cell apoptosis rate was analyzed by TUNEL staining and the proteins involved in the signaling pathways were examined by Western blotting. It was found that a high dose of tempol almost eliminated TS and protected the cardiac function. Moreover, tempol also decreased the reactive oxygen species levels and reduced lipid droplet deposition in myocardial tissue. In terms of the cultured cells, tempol preconditioning decreased reactive oxygen species production as well as lipid droplet deposition, and protected the mitochondrial function by reducing mitochondrial swelling, thereby maintaining the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) at a level that was higher than that of controls. Furthermore, tempol could reduce cells apoptosis after ISO treatment and decrease the protein level of p38, which is a member of the MAPK family, which and thus plays an important role in regulating cells apoptosis. This antiapoptotic effect of tempol was similar to that of a control reagent, SB203580, which is a specific inhibitor of phospha-p38 (p-p38). This study demonstrated, for the first time, a sudden increase in reactive oxygen species and effects of the downstream cascades play core roles in the development of TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Qi
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Sir Run Run Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 109#, Longmian Ave, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuesong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 172#, Tongzipo Ave, Changsha, HuNan, China
| | - Ting Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 172#, Tongzipo Ave, Changsha, HuNan, China
| | - Daxin Wang
- Clinical Medical College Yangzhou University, 88(#) South University Ave, Yangzhou; Jiangsu, China; Department of Medical Research Centre, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, 98#,West Nantong Ave, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Zip code, 225009, China.
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29
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Wheel and Deal in the Mitochondrial Inner Membranes: The Tale of Cytochrome c and Cardiolipin. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6813405. [PMID: 32377304 PMCID: PMC7193304 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6813405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin oxidation and degradation by different factors under severe cell stress serve as a trigger for genetically encoded cell death programs. In this context, the interplay between cardiolipin and another mitochondrial factor—cytochrome c—is a key process in the early stages of apoptosis, and it is a matter of intense research. Cytochrome c interacts with lipid membranes by electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic effects. Experimental conditions (including pH, lipid composition, and post-translational modifications) determine which specific amino acid residues are involved in the interaction and influence the heme iron coordination state. In fact, up to four binding sites (A, C, N, and L), driven by different interactions, have been reported. Nevertheless, key aspects of the mechanism for cardiolipin oxidation by the hemeprotein are well established. First, cytochrome c acts as a pseudoperoxidase, a process orchestrated by tyrosine residues which are crucial for peroxygenase activity and sensitivity towards oxidation caused by protein self-degradation. Second, flexibility of two weakest folding units of the hemeprotein correlates with its peroxidase activity and the stability of the iron coordination sphere. Third, the diversity of the mode of interaction parallels a broad diversity in the specific reaction pathway. Thus, current knowledge has already enabled the design of novel drugs designed to successfully inhibit cardiolipin oxidation.
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30
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Sha Z, Fishovitz J, Wang S, Chilakala S, Xu Y, Lee I. A Selective Fluorogenic Peptide Substrate for the Human Mitochondrial ATP-Dependent Protease Complex ClpXP. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2037-2048. [PMID: 32180333 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work is to identify differences in the substrate determinants of two human mitochondrial matrix ATP-dependent proteases, human ClpXP (hClpXP) and human Lon (hLon). This information allows the generation of protease-specific peptide substrates that can be used as chemical biology tools to investigate the physiological functions of hClpXP. These enzymes play a role in protein quality control, but currently the physiological functions of human ClpXP are not well defined. In this study, the degradation profile of casein, an alanine positional scanning decapeptide library, and a specific peptide sequence found in an endogenous substrate of bacterial ClpXP by hClpXP as well as hLon were examined. Based on our findings, we generated a specific fluorogenic peptide substrate, FR-Cleptide, for hClpXP with a kcat of 2.44±0.15 s-1 and Km =262±43 μM, respectively. The FR-Cleptide substrate was successfully used to identify a leucine methyl ketone as a potent lead inhibitor, and to detect endogenous hClpXP activity in HeLa cell lysate. We propose that the fluorogenic peptide substrate is a valuable tool for quantitatively monitoring the activity of hClpXP in cell lysate, as well as mechanistic characterization of hClpXP. The peptide-based chemical tools developed in this study will complement the substrates developed for human Lon in aiding the investigation of the physiological functions of the respective protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Sha
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Jennifer Fishovitz
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
| | - Susan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Sujatha Chilakala
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44115, USA.,Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Beverly Hills, CA, 90211, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44115, USA
| | - Irene Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
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Benzyl Isothiocyanate Induces Apoptosis via Reactive Oxygen Species-Initiated Mitochondrial Dysfunction and DR4 and DR5 Death Receptor Activation in Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120839. [PMID: 31817791 PMCID: PMC6995572 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is known to inhibit the metastasis of gastric cancer cells but further studies are needed to confirm its chemotherapeutic potential against gastric cancer. In this study, we observed cell shrinkage and morphological changes in one of the gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines, the AGS cells, after BITC treatment. We performed 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5- diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, a cell viability assay, and found that BITC decreased AGS cell viability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) analyses using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) revealed that BITC-induced cell death involved intracellular ROS production, which resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, cell viability was partially restored when BITC-treated AGS cells were preincubated with glutathione (GSH). Western blotting indicated that BITC regulated the expressions of the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis signaling molecules, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and cytochrome c (Cyt c). In addition, BITC increased death receptor DR5 expression, and activated the cysteine-aspartic proteases (caspases) cascade. Overall, our results showed that BITC triggers apoptosis in AGS cells via the apoptotic pathways involved in ROS-promoted mitochondrial dysfunction and death receptor activation.
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Trisolini L, Gambacorta N, Gorgoglione R, Montaruli M, Laera L, Colella F, Volpicella M, De Grassi A, Pierri CL. FAD/NADH Dependent Oxidoreductases: From Different Amino Acid Sequences to Similar Protein Shapes for Playing an Ancient Function. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122117. [PMID: 31810296 PMCID: PMC6947548 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavoprotein oxidoreductases are members of a large protein family of specialized dehydrogenases, which include type II NADH dehydrogenase, pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductases, ferredoxin-NAD+ reductases, NADH oxidases, and NADH peroxidases, playing a crucial role in the metabolism of several prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Although several studies have been performed on single members or protein subgroups of flavoprotein oxidoreductases, a comprehensive analysis on structure-function relationships among the different members and subgroups of this great dehydrogenase family is still missing. Here, we present a structural comparative analysis showing that the investigated flavoprotein oxidoreductases have a highly similar overall structure, although the investigated dehydrogenases are quite different in functional annotations and global amino acid composition. The different functional annotation is ascribed to their participation in species-specific metabolic pathways based on the same biochemical reaction, i.e., the oxidation of specific cofactors, like NADH and FADH2. Notably, the performed comparative analysis sheds light on conserved sequence features that reflect very similar oxidation mechanisms, conserved among flavoprotein oxidoreductases belonging to phylogenetically distant species, as the bacterial type II NADH dehydrogenases and the mammalian apoptosis-inducing factor protein, until now retained as unique protein entities in Bacteria/Fungi or Animals, respectively. Furthermore, the presented computational analyses will allow consideration of FAD/NADH oxidoreductases as a possible target of new small molecules to be used as modulators of mitochondrial respiration for patients affected by rare diseases or cancer showing mitochondrial dysfunction, or antibiotics for treating bacterial/fungal/protista infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna De Grassi
- Correspondence: (A.D.G.); or (C.L.P.); Tel.: +39-080-544-3614 (A.D.G. & C.L.P.); Fax: +39-080-544-2770 (A.D.G. & C.L.P.)
| | - Ciro Leonardo Pierri
- Correspondence: (A.D.G.); or (C.L.P.); Tel.: +39-080-544-3614 (A.D.G. & C.L.P.); Fax: +39-080-544-2770 (A.D.G. & C.L.P.)
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Wenzel TJ, Bajwa E, Klegeris A. Cytochrome c can be released into extracellular space and modulate functions of human astrocytes in a toll-like receptor 4-dependent manner. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:129400. [PMID: 31344401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic activation of glial cells contributes to neurodegenerative diseases. Cytochrome c (CytC) is a soluble mitochondrial protein that can act as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) when released into the extracellular space from damaged cells. CytC causes immune activation of microglia in a toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-dependent manner. The effects of extracellular CytC on astrocytes are unknown. Astrocytes, which are the most abundant glial cell type in the brain, express TLR 4 and secrete inflammatory mediators; therefore, we hypothesized that extracellular CytC can interact with the TLR 4 of astrocytes inducing their release of inflammatory molecules and cytotoxins. METHOD Experiments were conducted using primary human astrocytes, U118 MG human astrocytic cells, BV-2 murine microglia, and SH-SY5Y human neuronal cells. RESULTS Extracellularly applied CytC increased the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-12 p70 by cultured primary human astrocytes. Anti-TLR 4 antibodies blocked the CytC-induced secretion of IL-1β and GM-CSF by astrocytes. Supernatants from CytC-activated astrocytes were toxic to human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. We also demonstrated CytC release from damaged glial cells by measuring CytC in the supernatants of BV-2 microglia after their exposure to cytotoxic concentrations of staurosporine, amyloid-β peptides (Aβ42) and tumor necrosis factor-α. CONCLUSION CytC can be released into the extracellular space from damaged glial cells causing immune activation of astrocytes in a TLR 4-dependent manner. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Astrocyte activation by CytC may contribute to neuroinflammation and neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases. Astrocyte TLR 4 could be a potential therapeutic target in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Wenzel
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ekta Bajwa
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada.
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Radhiga T, Senthil S, Sundaresan A, Pugalendi KV. Ursolic acid modulates MMPs, collagen-I, α-SMA, and TGF-β expression in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:785-793. [PMID: 30977399 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119842620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the modulatory effect of ursolic acid (UA) on cardiac fibrosis and mitochondrial and lysosomal enzymes activity in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats were examined. Isoproterenol hydrochloride (ISO; 85 mg/kg body weight) was administered subcutaneously for first two consecutive days. ISO-induced MI in rats significantly decreased the activities of mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes and respiratory chain enzymes while increased the activities of lysosomal glycohydrolases and cathepsins. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, collagen type I, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were upregulated in ISO-induced MI in rats. UA administration to rats showed increased activities of mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes and respiratory chain enzymes and decreased activities of lysosomal glycohydrolases and cathepsins in ISO-induced rats. Furthermore, expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, collagen type I, α-SMA, and TGF-β downregulated in UA-administered rats. Thus, our results demonstrate that UA has an anti-fibrotic effect and attenuates the mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction in ISO-induced MI in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Radhiga
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Senthil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Sundaresan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K V Pugalendi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Yao S, Ma C, Lu Y, Wei X, Feng X, Miao P, Yang G, Zhang J, Yan M, Yu J. A FRET-based ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe for superoxide anion detection and imaging in living cells and tissues. Analyst 2019; 144:1704-1710. [PMID: 30657475 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The superoxide anion (O2˙-) plays a crucial role in several physiological processes and many human diseases. Developing new methods for O2˙- detection in biological systems is very important. A FRET-based two-photon (TP) fluorescent probe with a ratiometric signal, TFR-O, was developed. A naphthalene derivative based TP fluorescent group was selected as the energy donor group, and a rhodol fluorescent group was chosen as the energy acceptor; the trifluoromethanesulfonate group was chosen as the recognition moiety. After reacting with O2˙-, the recognition moiety was removed and the fluorophore was released, leading to a fluorescence intensity decrease at the wavelength of 425 nm and a significant enhancement of the fluorescence intensity at 550 nm. The fluorescence intensity ratio between 550 and 425 nm (I550/I425) varied from 0.15 to 6.72, with the O2˙- concentration increasing from 0 to 50 μM. The detection limit of the TFR-O was 83 nM. Moreover, TFR-O was applied for detecting and imaging O2˙- in cells and liver tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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Bajwa E, Pointer CB, Klegeris A. The Role of Mitochondrial Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Chronic Neuroinflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:4050796. [PMID: 31065234 PMCID: PMC6466851 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4050796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been established as a common feature of neurodegenerative disorders that contributes to disease pathology by causing impaired cellular energy production. Mitochondrial molecules released into the extracellular space following neuronal damage or death may also play a role in these diseases by acting as signaling molecules called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Mitochondrial DAMPs have been shown to initiate proinflammatory immune responses from nonneuronal glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes; thereby, they have the potential to contribute to the chronic neuroinflammation present in these disorders accelerating the degeneration of neurons. In this review, we highlight the mitochondrial DAMPs cytochrome c (CytC), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and cardiolipin and explore their potential role in the central nervous system disorders including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, which are characterized by neurodegeneration and chronic neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Bajwa
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Caitlin B. Pointer
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Wang D, Yang X, Zhang Y, Lin D, Li P, Zhang Z, Huang X, Gu D, Loo JFC. Platelet mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I variants with benzene poisoning. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:6811-6818. [PMID: 30746226 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.11.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Chronic benzene poisoning (CBP) is one of the most common chronic occupational poisoning which is associated with mitochondrial oxidative damage, and lead to increasing risk of respiratory diseases such as lung cancer. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) is one of the key enzymes that plays an important role in oxidative damage regulation by eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study investigated the relationship between COI gene variants and the risk of CBP. Methods We investigated 44 non-smoking patients who were diagnosed with CBP and 57 unexposed non-smoking controls between the ages of 23 and 60 with their background including work experience, lifestyle and medical records. Peripheral blood (2 mL) was collected in EDTA tube and the platelet was purified from the collected blood. Variants of COI were analyzed by PCR and sequencing. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between CBP exposure and variants. Results The frequency of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) T6392C, G6962 variants were 10, 7 out of 44 CBP group patients, which was higher when compared to that of 4, 2 out of 57 in the control group, suggesting these variants could be the risk factor for CBP [odds ratio (OR) 3.897, 95% CI: 1.131-13.425, P=0.023; OR 5.203, 95% CI: 1.024-26.442, P=0.034]. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) of COI variants, including T6392C and G6962A, in platelet mtDNA between patients and control samples. Meanwhile, the frequency of the mtDNA C7196A variant were 13 out of 44 control group, which was higher when compared to that of 2 of 57 in the CBP group patients, suggesting this variant could be the protective factor for CBP (OR 6.205, 95% CI: 1.320-29.162, P=0.010). Conclusions Our study suggests that T6392C, G6962A and C7196A from platelet mtDNA variants play a significant role in the etiology of CBP and facilitate the development of molecular biomarker on CBP diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianpeng Wang
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Xiangli Yang
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Dafeng Lin
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Paimao Li
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Xianqing Huang
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Dayong Gu
- Shenzhen International Travel Health Care Center and Shenzhen Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Jacky Fong-Chuen Loo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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38
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Schweitzer-Stenner R. Relating the multi-functionality of cytochrome c to membrane binding and structural conversion. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1151-1185. [PMID: 29574621 PMCID: PMC6082307 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c is known as an electron-carrying protein in the respiratory chain of mitochondria. Over the last 20 years, however, alternative functions of this very versatile protein have become the focus of research interests. Upon binding to anionic lipids such as cardiolipin, the protein acquires peroxidase activity. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that this requires a conformational change of the protein which involves partial unfolding of its tertiary structure. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of how cytochrome c interacts with cardiolipin-containing surfaces and how this affects its structure and function. In this context, we delineate partially conflicting results regarding the affinity of cytochrome c binding to cardiolipin-containing liposomes of different size and its influence on the structure of the protein and the morphology of the membrane.
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Developmental and molecular responses of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) cumulus–oocyte complex maturedin vitrounder heat shock conditions. ZYGOTE 2018; 26:177-190. [DOI: 10.1017/s0967199418000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SummaryTo investigate the effects of physiologically relevant heat shock during oocyte maturation, buffalo cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured at 38.5°C (control) or were exposed to 39.5°C (T1) or 40.5°C (T2) for the first 6 h ofin vitromaturation (IVM), followed by 38.5°C through the next 18 h/IVM and early embryonic development up to the blastocyst stage. Gene expression analysis was performed on selected target genes (HSF-1,HSF-2,HSP-70,HSP-90,BAX,p53,SOD1,COX1,MAPK14) in denuded oocytes and their isolated cumulus cells resulting from control COCs as well as from COCs exposed to a temperature of 39.5°C (T1). The results indicated that heat shock significantly (P< 0.01) decreased the maturation rate in T1 and T2 cells compared with the control. Afterin vitrofertilization (IVF), cleavage rate was lower (P< 0.01) for oocytes exposed to heat stress, and the percentage of oocytes arrested at the 2- or 4-cell stage was higher (P< 0.01) than that of the control. The percentage of oocytes that developed to the 8-cell, 16-cell or blastocyst stage was lower (P< 0.01) in both T1 and T2 groups compared with the control group. mRNA expression levels for the studied genes were decreased (P< 0.05) in treated oocytes (T1) except forHSP-90andHSF-1, which were increased. In cumulus cells isolated from COCs (T1), the expression for the target genes was upregulated except forBAX, which was downregulated. The results of this study demonstrated that exposure of buffalo oocytes to elevated temperatures for 6 h severely compromised their developmental competence and gene expression.
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Aberrant GSH reductase and NOX activities concur with defective CFTR to pro-oxidative imbalance in cystic fibrosis airways. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018. [PMID: 29524019 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated to impaired Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) channel also causing decreased glutathione (GSH) secretion, defective airway bacterial clearance and inflammation. Here we checked the main ROS-producing and ROS-scavenging enzymes as potential additional factors involved in CF pathogenesis. We found that CFBE41o-cells, expressing F508del CFTR, have increased NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity and expression level, mainly responsible of the increased ROS production, and decreased glutathione reductase (GR) activity, not dependent on GR protein level decrease. Furthermore, defective CFTR proved to cause both extracellular and intracellular GSH level decrease, probably by reducing the amount of extracellular GSH-derived cysteine required for cytosolic GSH synthesis. Importantly, we provide evidence that defective CFTR and NOX/GR activity imbalance both contribute to NADPH and GSH level decrease and ROS overproduction in CF cells.
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Alvarez-Paggi D, Hannibal L, Castro MA, Oviedo-Rouco S, Demicheli V, Tórtora V, Tomasina F, Radi R, Murgida DH. Multifunctional Cytochrome c: Learning New Tricks from an Old Dog. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13382-13460. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damián Alvarez-Paggi
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Department
of Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - María A. Castro
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Santiago Oviedo-Rouco
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Veronica Demicheli
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Veronica Tórtora
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Tomasina
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Daniel H. Murgida
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
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Chen X, Wong YK, Lim TK, Lim WH, Lin Q, Wang J, Hua Z. Artesunate Activates the Intrinsic Apoptosis of HCT116 Cells through the Suppression of Fatty Acid Synthesis and the NF-κB Pathway. Molecules 2017; 22:E1272. [PMID: 28786914 PMCID: PMC6152404 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The artemisinin compounds, which are well-known for their potent therapeutic antimalarial activity, possess in vivo and in vitro antitumor effects. Although the anticancer effect of artemisinin compounds has been extensively reported, the precise mechanisms underlying its cytotoxicity remain under intensive study. In the present study, a high-throughput quantitative proteomics approach was applied to identify differentially expressed proteins of HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line with artesunate (ART) treatment. Through Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, we discovered that the top-ranked ART-regulated biological pathways are abrogation of fatty acid biosynthetic pathway and mitochondrial dysfunction. Subsequent assays showed that ART inhibits HCT116 cell proliferation through suppressing the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway and activating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. In addition, ART also regulates several proteins that are involved in NF-κB pathway, and our subsequent assays showed that ART suppresses the NF-κB pathway. These proteomic findings will contribute to improving our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of ART for its therapeutic cytotoxic effect towards cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yin Kwan Wong
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Teck Kwang Lim
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Wei Hou Lim
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
- Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute and Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Zichun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute and Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou 213164, China.
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Franklin MP, Sathyanarayan A, Mashek DG. Acyl-CoA Thioesterase 1 (ACOT1) Regulates PPARα to Couple Fatty Acid Flux With Oxidative Capacity During Fasting. Diabetes 2017; 66:2112-2123. [PMID: 28607105 PMCID: PMC5521868 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic acyl-CoA thioesterase 1 (ACOT1) catalyzes the conversion of acyl-CoAs to fatty acids (FAs) and CoA. We sought to determine the role of ACOT1 in hepatic lipid metabolism in C57Bl/6J male mice 1 week after adenovirus-mediated Acot1 knockdown. Acot1 knockdown reduced liver triglyceride (TG) as a result of enhanced TG hydrolysis and subsequent FA oxidation. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Acot1 knockdown led to greater TG turnover and FA oxidation, suggesting that ACOT1 is important for controlling the rate of FA oxidation. Despite increased FA oxidation, Acot1 knockdown reduced the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) target genes, whereas overexpression increased PPARα reporter activity, suggesting ACOT1 regulates PPARα by producing FA ligands. Moreover, ACOT1 exhibited partial nuclear localization during fasting and cAMP/cAMP-dependent protein kinase signaling, suggesting local regulation of PPARα. As a consequence of increased FA oxidation and reduced PPARα activity, Acot1 knockdown enhanced hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation. The effects of Acot1 knockdown on PPARα activity, oxidative stress, and inflammation were rescued by supplementation with Wy-14643, a synthetic PPARα ligand. We demonstrate through these results that ACOT1 regulates fasting hepatic FA metabolism by balancing oxidative flux and capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory P Franklin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | | | - Douglas G Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Yu Z, Rayile A, Zhang X, Li Y, Zhao Q. Ulinastatin protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction via downregulation of lncRNA MALAT1 and EZH2 in sepsis. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1269-1276. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Morrison R, Lodge T, Evidente A, Kiss R, Townley H. Ophiobolin A, a sesterpenoid fungal phytotoxin, displays different mechanisms of cell death in mammalian cells depending upon the cancer cell origin. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:773-786. [PMID: 28112374 PMCID: PMC5358713 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we have undertaken a systematic analysis of the effects of the fungal derivative ophiobolin A (OphA) on eight cancer cell lines from different tissue types. The LD50 for each cell line was determined and the change in cell size determined. Flow cytometric analysis and western blotting were used to assess the cell death markers for early apoptosis, late apoptosis and necrosis, and the involvement of the caspase signalling pathway. Alterations in calcium levels and reactive oxygen species were assessed due to their integral involvement in intracellular signalling. Subsequently, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial responses were investigated more closely. The extent of ER swelling, and the upregulation of proteins involved in the unfolded protein responses (UPR) were seen to vary according to cell line. The mitochondria were also shown to behave differently in response to the OphA in the different cell lines in terms of the change in membrane potential, the total area of mitochondria in the cell and the number of mitochondrial bifurcations. The data obtained in the present study indicate that the cancer cell lines tested are unable to successfully activate the ER stress/UPR responses, and that the mitochondria appear to be a central player in OphA-induced cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Morrison
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tiffany Lodge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universita di Napoli Federico II Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Robert Kiss
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie Experimentale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Helen Townley
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Liu C, Sun Y, Song Y, Saito T, Kurasaki M. Nonylphenol diethoxylate inhibits apoptosis induced in PC12 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1389-1398. [PMID: 25847295 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol and short-chain nonylphenol ethoxylates such as NP2 EO are present in aquatic environment as wastewater contaminants, and their toxic effects on aquatic species have been reported. Apoptosis has been shown to be induced by serum deprivation or copper treatment. To understand the toxicity of nonylphenol diethoxylate, we investigated the effects of NP2 EO on apoptosis induced by serum deprivation and copper by using PC12 cell system. Nonylphenol diethoxylate itself showed no toxicity and recovered cell viability from apoptosis. In addition, nonylphenol diethoxylate decreased DNA fragmentation caused by apoptosis in PC12 cells. This phenomenon was confirmed after treating apoptotic PC12 cells with nonylphenol diethoxylate, whereas the cytochrome c release into the cytosol decreased as compared to that in apoptotic cells not treated with nonylphenol diethoxylates. Furthermore, Bax contents in apoptotic cells were reduced after exposure to nonylphenol diethoxylate. Thus, nonylphenol diethoxylate has the opposite effect on apoptosis in PC12 cells compared to nonylphenol, which enhances apoptosis induced by serum deprivation. The difference in structure of the two compounds is hypothesized to be responsible for this phenomenon. These results indicated that nonylphenol diethoxylate has capability to affect cell differentiation and development and has potentially harmful effect on organisms because of its unexpected impact on apoptosis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1389-1398, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Liu
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yongkun Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453-003, China
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yutong Song
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kurasaki
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
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Cheng YT, Yang CC, Shyur LF. Phytomedicine-Modulating oxidative stress and the tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2016; 114:128-143. [PMID: 27794498 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the current advances and achievements in systems biology and translational medicinal research, the current strategies for cancer therapy, such as radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and chemotherapy remain palliative or unsatisfactory due to tumor metastasis or recurrence after surgery/therapy, drug resistance, adverse side effects, and so on. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a critical role in chronic/acute inflammation, carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and tumor invasion/metastasis which is also attributed to the dynamic and complex properties and activities in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Re-educating or reprogramming tumor-associated stromal or immune cells in the TME provides an approach for restoring immune surveillance impaired by disease in cancer patients to increase overall survival and reduce drug resistance. Herbal medicines or plant-derived natural products have historically been a major source of anti-cancer drugs. Delving into the lore of herbal medicine may uncover new leads for anti-cancer drugs. Phytomedicines have been widely documented to directly or indirectly target multiple signaling pathways and networks in cancer cells. A combination of anti-cancer drugs and polypharmacological plant-derived extracts or compounds may offer a significant advantage in sensitizing the efficacy of monotherapy and overcoming drug-induced resistance in cancer patients. This review introduces several phytochemicals and phytoextracts derived from medicinal plants or dietary vegetables that have been studied for their efficacy in preclinical cancer models. We address the underlying modes of action of induction of OS and deregulation of TME-associated stromal cells, mediators and signaling pathways, and reference the related clinical investigations that look at the single or combination use of phytochemicals and phytoextracts to sensitize anti-cancer drug effects and/or overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Cheng
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chih Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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Bosch RV, Alvarez-Flores MP, Maria DA, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. Hemolin triggers cell survival on fibroblasts in response to serum deprivation by inhibition of apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:537-46. [PMID: 27470394 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are the main cellular component of connective tissues and play important roles in health and disease through the production of collagen, fibronectin and growth factors. Under certain conditions, such as wound healing, fibroblasts intensify their metabolic demand, while the restriction of nutrients affect matrix composition, cell metabolism and behavior. In lepidopterans, wound healing is regulated by ecdysteroid hormones, which upregulate multifunctional proteins such as hemolin. However, the role of hemolin in cell proliferation and wound healing is not clear. rLosac is a recombinant hemolin from the caterpillar Lonomia obliqua whose proliferative and cytoprotective effects on endothelial cells have been described. Here, we show that rLosac induces a marked cell survival effect on fibroblast submitted to serum deprivation, which is observable as early as 24h, as demonstrated through the MTT assay, as well as an increase in migration of human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). No effects on cell proliferation or cell cycle distribution of fibroblasts in normal conditions were observed, suggesting that rLosac induces an effect in stressful conditions such serum deprivation but not when nutrient are sufficient. By flow cytometry, rLosac caused an apparent dose-dependent increase in cells in the S phase of the cell cycle and a significant reduction of cells with fragmented DNA. Furthermore, treatment with rLosac results in a significant decrease in the production of reactive oxygen species and in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating that a reduction in oxidative stress is involved in rLosac-mediated cytoprotection. Our results also show an up-regulation of Bcl-2 and a down-regulation of Bax protein levels, inhibition of cytochrome c release and a reduction in caspase-3 levels, all considered critical factors for apoptosis. Moreover, rLosac treatment reduces the morphological changes induced by prolonged serum deprivation including the emergence of apoptotic bodies, nucleus fragmentation, cytoplasmic vacuolization and loss of extracellular matrix organization. The wound scratch test assay revealed that rLosac could enhance wound healing in vitro. Altogether, these findings suggest that rLosac strongly induces cellular protection in conditions of stress by serum deprivation preventing damage and loss of mitochondrial function by inhibiting apoptosis. This finding opens a new perspective to further understand the role of hemolin proteins during cellular processes such as wound healing and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Viola Bosch
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Miryam Paola Alvarez-Flores
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Center of Research in Toxins, Immune Response and Cell Signaling (CETICS), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Center of Excellence in the New Target Discovery, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Center of Research in Toxins, Immune Response and Cell Signaling (CETICS), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Center of Excellence in the New Target Discovery, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Wilson J, Berntsen HF, Zimmer KE, Frizzell C, Verhaegen S, Ropstad E, Connolly L. Effects of defined mixtures of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on multiple cellular responses in the human hepatocarcinoma cell line, HepG2, using high content analysis screening. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 294:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Peroxynitrite is Involved in the Apoptotic Death of Cultured Cerebellar Granule Neurons Induced by Staurosporine, but not by Potassium Deprivation. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:316-27. [PMID: 26700430 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) regulates numerous physiological process and is the main source of reactive nitrogen species (RNS). NO promotes cell survival, but it also induces apoptotic death having been involved in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. NO and superoxide anion react to form peroxynitrite, which accounts for most of the deleterious effects of NO. The mechanisms by which these molecules regulate the apoptotic process are not well understood. In this study, we evaluated the role of NO and peroxynitrite in the apoptotic death of cultured cerebellar granule neurons (CGN), which are known to experience apoptosis by staurosporine (St) or potassium deprivation (K5). We found that CGN treated with the peroxynitrite catalyst, FeTTPs were completely rescued from St-induced death, but not from K5-induced death. On the other hand, the inhibition of the inducible nitric oxide synthase partially protected cell viability in CGN treated with K5, but not with St, while the inhibitor L-NAME further reduced the cell viability in St, but it did not affect K5. Finally, an inhibitor of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) diminished the cell viability in K5, but not in St. Altogether, these results shows that NO promotes cell survival in K5 through sGC-cGMP and promotes cell death by other mechanisms, while in St NO promotes cell survival independently of cGMP and peroxynitrite results critical for St-induced death. Our results suggest that RNS are differentially handled by CGN during cell death depending on the death-inducing conditions.
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