1
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Fleming Martinez AK, Storz P. Protein kinase D1 - A targetable mediator of pancreatic cancer development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119646. [PMID: 38061566 PMCID: PMC10872883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Members of the Protein kinase D (PKD) kinase family each play important cell-specific roles in the regulation of normal pancreas functions. In pancreatic diseases PKD1 is the most widely characterized isoform with roles in pancreatitis and in induction of pancreatic cancer and its progression. PKD1 expression and activation increases in pancreatic acinar cells through macrophage secreted factors, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) signaling, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), driving the formation of precancerous lesions. In precancerous lesions PKD1 regulates cell survival, growth, senescence, and generation of doublecortin like kinase 1 (DCLK1)-positive cancer stem cells (CSCs). Within tumors, regulation by PKD1 includes chemoresistance, apoptosis, proliferation, CSC features, and the Warburg effect. Thus, PKD1 plays a critical role throughout pancreatic disease initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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2
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Hahn E, Xu B, Katabi N, Dogan S, Smith SM, Perez-Ordonez B, Patel PB, MacMillan C, Lubin DJ, Gagan J, Weinreb I, Bishop JA. Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma, Cribriform Subtype: Identifying Novel Fusions and Fusion Partners. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100305. [PMID: 37595638 PMCID: PMC11225962 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) is a common, usually low-grade salivary gland carcinoma. While conventional PACs are most associated with PRKD1 p.E710D hotspot mutations, the cribriform subtype is often associated with gene fusions in PRKD1, PRKD2, or PRKD3. These fusions have been primarily identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, with a minority evaluated by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Many of the reported fusions were detected by break-apart FISH probes and therefore have unknown partners or were negative by FISH altogether. In this study, we aimed to further characterize the fusions associated with PAC with NGS. Fifty-four PACs (exclusively cribriform and mixed/intermediate types to enrich the study for fusion-positive cases) were identified and subjected to NGS. Fifty-one cases were successfully sequenced, 28 of which demonstrated gene fusions involving PRKD1, PRKD2, or PRKD3. There were 10 cases with the PRKD1 p.E710D mutation. We identified a diverse group of fusion partners, including 13 novel partners, 3 of which were recurrent. The most common partners for the PRKD genes were ARID1A and ARID1B. The wide variety of involved genes is unlike in other salivary gland malignancies and warrants a broader strategy of sequencing for molecular confirmation for particularly challenging cases, as our NGS study shows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elan Hahn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nora Katabi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Snjezana Dogan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bayardo Perez-Ordonez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Christina MacMillan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel J Lubin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey Gagan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ilan Weinreb
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin A Bishop
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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3
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Burciaga SD, Saavedra F, Fischer L, Johnstone K, Jensen ED. Protein kinase D3 conditional knockout impairs osteoclast formation and increases trabecular bone volume in male mice. Bone 2023; 172:116759. [PMID: 37044359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Studies using kinase inhibitors have shown that the protein kinase D (PRKD) family of serine/threonine kinases are required for formation and function of osteoclasts in culture. However, the involvement of individual protein kinase D genes and their in vivo significance to skeletal dynamics remains unclear. In the current study we present data indicating that protein kinase D3 is the primary form of PRKD expressed in osteoclasts. We hypothesized that loss of PRKD3 would impair osteoclast formation, thereby decreasing bone resorption and increasing bone mass. Conditional knockout (cKO) of Prkd3 using a murine Cre/Lox system driven by cFms-Cre revealed that its loss in osteoclast-lineage cells reduced osteoclast differentiation and resorptive function in culture. Examination of the Prkd3 cKO mice showed that bone parameters were unaffected in the femur at 4 weeks of age, but consistent with our hypothesis, Prkd3 conditional knockout resulted in 18 % increased trabecular bone mass in male mice at 12 weeks and a similar increase at 6 months. These effects were not observed in female mice. As a further test of our hypothesis, we asked if Prkd3 cKO could protect against bone loss in a ligature-induced periodontal disease model but did not see any reduction in bone destruction in this system. Together, our data indicate that PRKD3 promotes osteoclastogenesis both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Burciaga
- Department of Diagnostic & Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Flavia Saavedra
- Department of Diagnostic & Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lori Fischer
- Department of Diagnostic & Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Karen Johnstone
- Department of Diagnostic & Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Eric D Jensen
- Department of Diagnostic & Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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4
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Varga A, Nguyen MT, Pénzes K, Bátai B, Gyulavári P, Gurbi B, Murányi J, Csermely P, Csala M, Vántus T, Sőti C. Protein Kinase D3 (PKD3) Requires Hsp90 for Stability and Promotion of Prostate Cancer Cell Migration. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020212. [PMID: 36672148 PMCID: PMC9857065 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer metastasis is a significant cause of mortality in men. PKD3 facilitates tumor growth and metastasis, however, its regulation is largely unclear. The Hsp90 chaperone stabilizes an array of signaling client proteins, thus is an enabler of the malignant phenotype. Here, using different prostate cancer cell lines, we report that Hsp90 ensures PKD3 conformational stability and function to promote cancer cell migration. We found that pharmacological inhibition of either PKDs or Hsp90 dose-dependently abrogated the migration of DU145 and PC3 metastatic prostate cancer cells. Hsp90 inhibition by ganetespib caused a dose-dependent depletion of PKD2, PKD3, and Akt, which are all involved in metastasis formation. Proximity ligation assay and immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated a physical interaction between Hsp90 and PKD3. Inhibition of the chaperone-client interaction induced misfolding and proteasomal degradation of PKD3. PKD3 siRNA combined with ganetespib treatment demonstrated a specific involvement of PKD3 in DU145 and PC3 cell migration, which was entirely dependent on Hsp90. Finally, ectopic expression of PKD3 enhanced migration of non-metastatic LNCaP cells in an Hsp90-dependent manner. Altogether, our findings identify PKD3 as an Hsp90 client and uncover a potential mechanism of Hsp90 in prostate cancer metastasis. The molecular interaction revealed here may regulate other biological and pathological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Varga
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Minh Tu Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Pénzes
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Bátai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Gyulavári
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- IQVIA Hungary, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bianka Gurbi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Murányi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Csermely
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Csala
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vántus
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Sőti
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (C.S.)
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5
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Lv D, Chen H, Feng Y, Cui B, Kang Y, Zhang P, Luo M, Chen J. Small-Molecule Inhibitor Targeting Protein Kinase D: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:680221. [PMID: 34249722 PMCID: PMC8263921 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.680221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase D (PKD) family is a family of serine-threonine kinases that are members of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK) superfamily. PKDs have been increasingly implicated in multiple pivotal cellular processes and pathological conditions. PKD dysregulation is associated with several diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and obesity. Over the past few years, small-molecule inhibitors have emerged as alternative targeted therapy with fewer adverse side effects than currently available chemotherapy, and these specifically targeted inhibitors limit non-specific toxicities. The successful development of PKD inhibitors would significantly suppress the growth and proliferation of various cancers and inhibit the progression of other diseases. Various PKD inhibitors have been studied in the preclinical setting. In this context, we summarize the PKD inhibitors under investigation and their application for different kinds of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bomiao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingzhu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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6
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Gilles P, Voets L, Van Lint J, De Borggraeve WM. Developments in the Discovery and Design of Protein Kinase D Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2158-2171. [PMID: 33829655 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is a serine/threonine kinase family belonging to the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase group. Since its discovery two decades ago, many efforts have been put in elucidating PKD's structure, cellular role and functioning. The PKD family consists of three highly homologous isoforms: PKD1, PKD2 and PKD3. Accumulating cell-signaling research has evidenced that dysregulated PKD plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy and several cancer types. These findings led to a broad interest in the design of small-molecule protein kinase D inhibitors. In this review, we present an extensive overview on the past and recent advances in the discovery and development of PKD inhibitors. The focus extends from broad-spectrum kinase inhibitors used in PKD signaling experiments to intentionally developed, bioactive PKD inhibitors. Finally, attention is paid to PKD inhibitors that have been identified as an off-target through large kinome screening panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Gilles
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F - Box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lauren Voets
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F - Box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Van Lint
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, KU Leuven O&N I, Herestraat 49 - Box 901, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F - Box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Zhang X, Connelly J, Chao Y, Wang QJ. Multifaceted Functions of Protein Kinase D in Pathological Processes and Human Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030483. [PMID: 33807058 PMCID: PMC8005150 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is a family of serine/threonine protein kinases operating in the signaling network of the second messenger diacylglycerol. The three family members, PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3, are activated by a variety of extracellular stimuli and transduce cell signals affecting many aspects of basic cell functions including secretion, migration, proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and immune response. Dysregulation of PKD in expression and activity has been detected in many human diseases. Further loss- or gain-of-function studies at cellular levels and in animal models provide strong support for crucial roles of PKD in many pathological conditions, including cancer, metabolic disorders, cardiac diseases, central nervous system disorders, inflammatory diseases, and immune dysregulation. Complexity in enzymatic regulation and function is evident as PKD isoforms may act differently in different biological systems and disease models, and understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences and their biological significance in vivo is essential for the development of safer and more effective PKD-targeted therapies. In this review, to provide a global understanding of PKD function, we present an overview of the PKD family in several major human diseases with more focus on cancer-associated biological processes.
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8
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Giardoglou P, Bournele D, Park M, Kanoni S, Dedoussis GV, Steinberg SF, Deloukas P, Beis D. A zebrafish forward genetic screen identifies an indispensable threonine residue in the kinase domain of PRKD2. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio.058542. [PMID: 33597201 PMCID: PMC7969590 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D2 belongs to a family of evolutionarily conserved enzymes regulating several biological processes. In a forward genetic screen for zebrafish cardiovascular mutants, we identified a mutation in the prkd2 gene. Homozygous mutant embryos develop as wild type up to 36 h post-fertilization and initiate blood flow, but fail to maintain it, resulting in a complete outflow tract stenosis. We identified a mutation in the prkd2 gene that results in a T757A substitution at a conserved residue in the kinase domain activation loop (T714A in human PRKD2) that disrupts catalytic activity and drives this phenotype. Homozygous mutants survive without circulation for several days, allowing us to study the extreme phenotype of no intracardiac flow, in the background of a functional heart. We show dysregulation of atrioventricular and outflow tract markers in the mutants and higher sensitivity to the Calcineurin inhibitor, Cyclosporin A. Finally we identify TBX5 as a potential regulator of PRKD2. Our results implicate PRKD2 catalytic activity in outflow tract development in zebrafish. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: We identified, through a zebrafish forward screen, an evolutionarily conserved residue in the catalytic domain of protein kinase D2 and its homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Giardoglou
- Zebrafish Disease Model lab, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 115 27, Greece.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens 176 71, Greece
| | - Despina Bournele
- Zebrafish Disease Model lab, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Misun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York 100 27, USA
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Clinical Pharmacology Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - George V Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens 176 71, Greece
| | - Susan F Steinberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York 100 27, USA
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Clinical Pharmacology Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 222 52, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Zebrafish Disease Model lab, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 115 27, Greece
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9
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Liu Y, Song H, Zhou Y, Ma X, Xu J, Yu Z, Chen L. The oncogenic role of protein kinase D3 in cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:735-739. [PMID: 33403031 PMCID: PMC7778554 DOI: 10.7150/jca.50899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D3 (PRKD3), a serine/threonine kinase, belongs to protein kinase D family, which contains three members: PRKD1, PRKD2, and PRKD3. PRKD3 is activated by many stimuli including phorbol esters, and G-protein-coupled receptor agonists. PRKD3 promotes cancer cell proliferation, growth, migration, and invasion in various tumor types including colorectal, gastric, hepatic, prostate, and breast cancer. Accumulating data supports that PRKD3 is a promising therapeutic target for treatment of cancer. This review discusses the functions and mechanisms of PRKD3 in promoting tumorigenesis and tumor progression of various tumor types as well as the latest developments of small-molecule inhibitors selection for PRKD/PRKD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Institute of cancer, Department of biochemistry, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hang Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, P. R.China
| | - Yehui Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Xinxing Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, P. R.China
| | - Zhenghong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P. R.China
| | - Liming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Institute of cancer, Department of biochemistry, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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10
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Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang X, Ye SD. Inhibition of protein kinase D by CID755673 promotes maintenance of the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. Development 2020; 147:dev185264. [PMID: 32747433 DOI: 10.1242/dev.185264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The identification of novel mechanisms to maintain embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency is of crucial importance, because the currently used culture conditions are not suitable for ESCs from all species. In this study, we show that the protein kinase D (PKD) inhibitor CID755673 (CID) is able to maintain the undifferentiated state of mouse ESCs in combination with the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor. The expression levels of PKD members, including PKD1, PKD2 and PKD3, were low in mouse ESCs but significantly increased under differentiation conditions. Therefore, depletion of three PKD genes was able to phenocopy PKD inhibition. Mechanistically, PKD inhibition activated PI3K/AKT signaling by increasing the level of AKT phosphorylation, and the addition of a PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibitor partially reduced the cellular response to PKD inhibition. Importantly, the self-renewal-promoting effect of CID was maintained in human ESCs. Simultaneous knockdown of the three human PKD isoforms enabled short-term self-renewal in human ESCs, whereas PI3K/AKT signaling inhibition eliminated this self-renewal ability downstream of the PKD inhibitor. These findings expand our understanding of the gene regulatory network of ESC pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhu
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Shou-Dong Ye
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
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11
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Herwig M, Kolijn D, Lódi M, Hölper S, Kovács Á, Papp Z, Jaquet K, Haldenwang P, Dos Remedios C, Reusch PH, Mügge A, Krüger M, Fielitz J, Linke WA, Hamdani N. Modulation of Titin-Based Stiffness in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy via Protein Kinase D. Front Physiol 2020; 11:240. [PMID: 32351396 PMCID: PMC7174613 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The giant protein titin performs structure-preserving functions in the sarcomere and is important for the passive stiffness (Fpassive) of cardiomyocytes. Protein kinase D (PKD) enzymes play crucial roles in regulating myocardial contraction, hypertrophy, and remodeling. PKD phosphorylates myofilament proteins, but it is not known whether the giant protein titin is also a PKD substrate. Here, we aimed to determine whether PKD phosphorylates titin and thereby modulates cardiomyocyte Fpassive in normal and failing myocardium. The phosphorylation of titin was assessed in cardiomyocyte-specific PKD knock-out mice (cKO) and human hearts using immunoblotting with a phosphoserine/threonine and a phosphosite-specific titin antibody. PKD-dependent site-specific titin phosphorylation in vivo was quantified by mass spectrometry using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) of SILAC-labeled mouse heart protein lysates that were mixed with lysates isolated from hearts of either wild-type control (WT) or cKO mice. Fpassive of single permeabilized cardiomyocytes was recorded before and after PKD and HSP27 administration. All-titin phosphorylation was reduced in cKO compared to WT hearts. Multiple conserved PKD-dependent phosphosites were identified within the Z-disk, A-band and M-band regions of titin by quantitative mass spectrometry, and many PKD-dependent phosphosites detected in the elastic titin I-band region were significantly decreased in cKO. Analysis of titin site-specific phosphorylation showed unaltered or upregulated phosphorylation in cKO compared to matched WT hearts. Fpassive was elevated in cKO compared to WT cardiomyocytes and PKD administration lowered Fpassive of WT and cKO cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients showed higher Fpassive compared to control hearts and significantly lower Fpassive after PKD treatment. In addition, we found higher phosphorylation at CaMKII-dependent titin sites in HCM compared to control hearts. Expression and phosphorylation of HSP27, a substrate of PKD, were elevated in HCM hearts, which was associated with increased PKD expression and phosphorylation. The relocalization of HSP27 in HCM away from the sarcomeric Z-disk and I-band suggested that HSP27 failed to exert its protective action on titin extensibility. This protection could, however, be restored by administration of HSP27, which significantly reduced Fpassive in HCM cardiomyocytes. These findings establish a previously unknown role for PKDin regulating diastolic passive properties of healthy and diseased hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Herwig
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochums, Germany.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Detmar Kolijn
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochums, Germany.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mária Lódi
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochums, Germany.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Soraya Hölper
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Árpád Kovács
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochums, Germany.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Zoltán Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kornelia Jaquet
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochums, Germany.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter Haldenwang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Bergmannsheil Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Cris Dos Remedios
- School of Medical Sciences, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter H Reusch
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Mügge
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochums, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Fielitz
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Linke
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochums, Germany.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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12
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Thomas W, Dooley R, Quinn S, Robles MY, Harvey BJ. Protein kinase D2 regulates epithelial sodium channel activity and aldosterone non-genomic responses in renal cortical collecting duct cells. Steroids 2020; 155:108553. [PMID: 31836481 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase D2 (PKD2) is a serine/threonine protein kinase which plays an important role in vesicle fission at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to coordinate subcellular trafficking with gene expression. We found that in the rat kidney, PKD2 is specifically expressed in collecting duct principal cells predominantly at the apical membrane and with lower basal expression in cytosolic compartments. When rats were maintained on a Na+ depleted diet (<0.87 mmol Na+/kg) to increase plasma aldosterone levels, PKD2 became internalized to a cytoplasmic compartment. Treatment of murine M1 cortical collecting duct (M1-CCD) cells with aldosterone (10 nM) promoted PKD2 co-localization with the trans-Golgi network within 30 min. PKD2 underwent autophosphorylation at Ser876 within 10 min of aldosterone treatment and remained phosphorylated (active) for at least 24 h. A stable PKD2 shRNA knock-down (PKD2 KD) M1-CCD cell line was developed to study the role of PKD2 in epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) trafficking and transepithelial Na+ transport (SCC) in epithelial monolayers grown in Ussing chambers. The PKD2 KD cells developed transepithelial resistance with kinetics equivalent to wild-type cells, however the transepithelial voltage and Na+ current were significantly elevated in PKD2 knock-down CCD epithelia. The higher basal SCC was due to increased ENaC activity. Aldosterone treatment for 24 h resulted in a decline in ENaC activity in the PKD2 KD cells as opposed to the increase observed in the wild-type cells. The paradoxical inhibition of SCC by aldosterone in PKD2 KD epithelium was attributed to a reduction in ENaC current and lower membrane abundance of ENaC, demonstrating that PKD2 plays a critical tonic role in ENaC trafficking and channel subunit stability. The rapid activation of PKD2 by aldosterone is synergistic with the transcriptional activity of MR and contributes to increased ENaC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Thomas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland; Perdana University - Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine, Block D MAEPS, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ruth Dooley
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Sinead Quinn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Manuel Yusef Robles
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Brian J Harvey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland; Centro di Estudios Cientificos CECs, Valdivia, Chile.
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13
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Dash R, Arifuzzaman M, Mitra S, Abdul Hannan M, Absar N, Hosen SMZ. Unveiling the Structural Insights into the Selective Inhibition of Protein Kinase D1. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1059-1074. [PMID: 31131745 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190527095510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although protein kinase D1 (PKD1) has been proved to be an efficient target for anticancer drug development, lack of structural details and substrate binding mechanisms are the main obstacles for the development of selective inhibitors with therapeutic benefits. OBJECTIVE The present study described the in silico dynamics behaviors of PKD1 in binding with selective and non-selective inhibitors and revealed the critical binding site residues for the selective kinase inhibition. METHODS Here, the three dimensional model of PKD1 was initially constructed by homology modeling along with binding site characterization to explore the non-conserved residues. Subsequently, two known inhibitors were docked to the catalytic site and the detailed ligand binding mechanisms and post binding dyanmics were investigated by molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy calculations. RESULTS According to the binding site analysis, PKD1 serves several non-conserved residues in the G-loop, hinge and catalytic subunits. Among them, the residues including Leu662, His663, and Asp665 from hinge region made polar interactions with selective PKD1 inhibitor in docking simulation, which were further validated by the molecular dynamics simulation. Both inhibitors strongly influenced the structural dynamics of PKD1 and their computed binding free energies were in accordance with experimental bioactivity data. CONCLUSION The identified non-conserved residues likely to play critical role on molecular reorganization and inhibitor selectivity. Taken together, this study explained the molecular basis of PKD1 specific inhibition, which may help to design new selective inhibitors for better therapies to overcome cancer and PKD1 dysregulated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Dash
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Chittagong-4202, Bangladesh.,Molecular Modeling and Drug Design Laboratory, Pharmacology Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chittagong-4220, Bangladesh.,Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University Graduate School of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
| | - Md Arifuzzaman
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-38541, Korea
| | - Sarmistha Mitra
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Plasma-bio display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Korea
| | - Md Abdul Hannan
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University Graduate School of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Nurul Absar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Chittagong-4202, Bangladesh
| | - S M Zahid Hosen
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Design Laboratory, Pharmacology Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chittagong-4220, Bangladesh
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14
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Wang Y, Hoeppner LH, Angom RS, Wang E, Dutta S, Doeppler HR, Wang F, Shen T, Scarisbrick IA, Guha S, Storz P, Bhattacharya R, Mukhopadhyay D. Protein kinase D up-regulates transcription of VEGF receptor-2 in endothelial cells by suppressing nuclear localization of the transcription factor AP2β. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15759-15767. [PMID: 31492751 PMCID: PMC6816101 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) signals primarily through its cognate receptor VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) to control vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, key physiological processes in cardiovascular disease and cancer. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), knockdown of protein kinase D-1 (PKD1) or PKD2 down-regulates VEGFR-2 expression and inhibits VEGF-induced cell proliferation and migration. However, how PKD regulates VEGF signaling is unclear. Previous bioinformatics analyses have identified binding sites for the transcription factor activating enhancer-binding protein 2 (AP2) in the VEGFR-2 promoter. Using ChIP analyses, here we found that PKD knockdown in HUVECs increases binding of AP2β to the VEGFR-2 promoter. Luciferase reporter assays with serial deletions of AP2-binding sites within the VEGFR-2 promoter revealed that its transcriptional activity negatively correlates with the number of these sites. Next we demonstrated that AP2β up-regulation decreases VEGFR-2 expression and that loss of AP2β enhances VEGFR-2 expression in HUVECs. In vivo experiments confirmed increased VEGFR-2 immunostaining in the spinal cord of AP2β knockout mouse embryos. Mechanistically, we observed that PKD phosphorylates AP2β at Ser258 and Ser277 and suppresses its nuclear accumulation. Inhibition of PKD activity with a pan-PKD inhibitor increased AP2β nuclear localization, and overexpression of both WT and constitutively active PKD1 or PKD2 reduced AP2β nuclear localization through a Ser258- and Ser277-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, substitution of Ser277 in AP2β increased its binding to the VEGFR-2 promoter. Our findings uncover evidence of a molecular pathway that regulates VEGFR-2 expression, insights that may shed light on the etiology of diseases associated with aberrant VEGF/VEGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Luke H Hoeppner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Ramcharan Singh Angom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Enfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Shamit Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Heike R Doeppler
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650221, China
| | - Isobel A Scarisbrick
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Sushovan Guha
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona 85004
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
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15
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Matsumura K, Baba M, Nagayasu K, Yamamoto K, Kondo M, Kitagawa K, Takemoto T, Seiriki K, Kasai A, Ago Y, Hayata-Takano A, Shintani N, Kuriu T, Iguchi T, Sato M, Takuma K, Hashimoto R, Hashimoto H, Nakazawa T. Autism-associated protein kinase D2 regulates embryonic cortical neuron development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:626-632. [PMID: 31540692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by impaired social interaction, repetitive behavior and restricted interests. Although the molecular etiology of ASD remains largely unknown, recent studies have suggested that de novo mutations are significantly involved in the risk of ASD. We and others recently identified spontaneous de novo mutations in PKD2, a protein kinase D family member, in sporadic ASD cases. However, the biological significance of the de novo PKD2 mutations and the role of PKD2 in brain development remain unclear. Here, we performed functional analysis of PKD2 in cortical neuron development using in utero electroporation. PKD2 is highly expressed in cortical neural stem cells in the developing cortex and regulates cortical neuron development, including the neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells and migration of newborn neurons. Importantly, we determined that the ASD-associated de novo mutations impair the kinase activity of PKD2, suggesting that the de novo PKD2 mutations can be a risk factor for the disease by loss of function of PKD2. Our current findings provide novel insight into the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Matsumura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Transdisciplinary Graduate Degree Programs, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Research Fellowships for Young Scientists of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Masayuki Baba
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagayasu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kana Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Momoka Kondo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kohei Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takemoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kaoru Seiriki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Transdisciplinary Graduate Degree Programs, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukio Ago
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hayata-Takano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norihito Shintani
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Kuriu
- Osaka Medical College, Research and Development Center, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Tokuichi Iguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Sato
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takuma
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan; Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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16
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Youssef I, Ricort JM. Deciphering the Role of Protein Kinase D1 (PKD1) in Cellular Proliferation. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1961-1974. [PMID: 31311827 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase D1 (PKD1) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase family, and is involved in multiple mechanisms implicated in tumor progression such as cell motility, invasion, proliferation, protein transport, and apoptosis. While it is expressed in most tissues in the normal state, PKD1 expression may increase or decrease during tumorigenesis, and its role in proliferation is context-dependent and poorly understood. In this review, we present and discuss the current landscape of studies investigating the role of PKD1 in the proliferation of both cancerous and normal cells. Indeed, as a potential therapeutic target, deciphering whether PKD1 exerts a pro- or antiproliferative effect, and under what conditions, is of paramount importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilige Youssef
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR_8113, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, Cachan, France.,École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ricort
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR_8113, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, Cachan, France. .,École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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17
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Pang Z, Wang Y, Ding N, Chen X, Yang Y, Wang G, Liu Q, Du J. High PKD2 predicts poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma via promoting Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1324. [PMID: 30718593 PMCID: PMC6362154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D2 (PKD2) has been reported to be related with progression and invasion in various cancers. However, its prognostic value and the underlying mechanism in lung cancer remains unclear. Herein we evaluated the expression of PKD2 in lung adenocarcinoma and investigated its relationship with EMT. GSEA, TCGA and K-M plotter database were applied and revealed that high PKD2 expression predicted poor outcome and related with lymph nodes metastasis in lung cancer. IHC and qRT-PCR were performed and found PKD2 was elevated in lung adenocarcinoma and negatively related with OS (p = 0.015), PFS (p = 0.006) and the level of E-cadherin (p = 0.021). Experiment in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines demonstrated up-regulation of PKD2 led to high expression of mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, vim, mmp9 et al.) and EMT transcription factors(zeb1, twist, snail), and the results were reversed when PKD2 was knocked down. Further investigation showed that abrogation of PKD2 inhibited A549 cell migration, invasion, proliferation and induced cell arrest in G2/M phase. We concluded that high expression of PKD2 was associated with poor prognosis and cancer progression in lung adenocarcinoma patients by promoting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofei Pang
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Ding
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufan Yang
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Du
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Deficiency of PRKD2 triggers hyperinsulinemia and metabolic disorders. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2015. [PMID: 29789568 PMCID: PMC5964083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia is the earliest symptom of insulin resistance (IR), but a causal relationship between the two remains to be established. Here we show that a protein kinase D2 (PRKD2) nonsense mutation (K410X) in two rhesus monkeys with extreme hyperinsulinemia along with IR and metabolic defects by using extreme phenotype sampling and deep sequencing analyses. This mutation reduces PRKD2 at both the mRNA and the protein levels. Taking advantage of a PRKD2-KO mouse model, we demonstrate that PRKD2 deletion triggers hyperinsulinemia which precedes to IR and metabolic disorders in the PRKD2 ablation mice. PRKD2 deficiency promotes β-cell insulin secretion by increasing the expression and activity of L-type Ca2+ channels and subsequently augmenting high glucose- and membrane depolarization-induced Ca2+ influx. Altogether, these results indicate that down-regulation of PRKD2 is involved in the pathogenesis of hyperinsulinemia which, in turn, results in IR and metabolic disorders. Hyperinsulinemia can precede the development of insulin resistance. Here the authors identify a PKD2 mutation that leads to hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in Rhesus monkey and show that PKD2 deficiency promotes beta cell insulin secretion by activating L-type Ca2+ channels.
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19
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Azoitei N, Cobbaut M, Becher A, Van Lint J, Seufferlein T. Protein kinase D2: a versatile player in cancer biology. Oncogene 2017; 37:1263-1278. [PMID: 29259300 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase D2 (PKD2) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the PKD family of calcium-calmodulin kinases, which comprises three isoforms: PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3. PKD2 is activated by many stimuli including growth factors, phorbol esters, and G-protein-coupled receptor agonists. PKD2 participation to uncontrolled growth, survival, neovascularization, metastasis, and invasion has been documented in various tumor types including pancreatic, colorectal, gastric, hepatic, lung, prostate, and breast cancer, as well as glioma multiforme and leukemia. This review discusses the versatile functions of PKD2 from the perspective of cancer hallmarks as described by Hanahan and Weinberg. The PKD2 status, signaling pathways affected in different tumor types and the molecular mechanisms that lead to tumorigenesis and tumor progression are presented. The latest developments of small-molecule inhibitors selective for PKD/PKD2, as well as the need for further chemotherapies that prevent, slow down, or eliminate tumors are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninel Azoitei
- Center for Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Mathias Cobbaut
- Laboratory for Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Johan Van Lint
- Laboratory for Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Zhang L, Zhao Z, Xu S, Tandon M, LaValle CR, Deng F, Wang QJ. Androgen suppresses protein kinase D1 expression through fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 in prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12800-12811. [PMID: 28077787 PMCID: PMC5355056 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In prostate cancer, androgen/androgen receptor (AR) and their downstream targets play key roles in all stages of disease progression. The protein kinase D (PKD) family, particularly PKD1, has been implicated in prostate cancer biology. Here, we examined the cross-regulation of PKD1 by androgen signaling in prostate cancer cells. Our data showed that the transcription of PKD1 was repressed by androgen in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells. Steroid depletion caused up regulation of PKD1 transcript and protein, an effect that was reversed by the AR agonist R1881 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, thus identifying PKD1 as a novel androgen-repressed gene. Kinetic analysis indicated that the repression of PKD1 by androgen required the induction of a repressor protein. Furthermore, inhibition or knockdown of AR reversed AR agonist-induced PKD1 repression, indicating that AR was required for the suppression of PKD1 expression by androgen. Downstream of AR, we identified fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 (FRS2) and its downstream MEK/ERK pathway as mediators of androgen-induced PKD1 repression. In summary, PKD1 was identified as a novel androgen-suppressed gene and could be downregulated by androgen through a novel AR/FRS2/MEK/ERK pathway. The upregulation of prosurvival PKD1 by anti-androgens may contribute to therapeutic resistance in prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhenlong Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuping Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Manuj Tandon
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Courtney R LaValle
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q Jane Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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21
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Yang H, Xu M, Chi X, Yan Q, Wang Y, Xu W, Zhuang K, Li A, Liu S. Higher PKD3 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues predicts poorer prognosis for HCC patients. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2017; 41:554-563. [PMID: 28363424 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Protein kinase D (PKD) acts as a key mediator in several cancer development signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance and prognostic value of PKD3 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after hepatectomy. METHODS PKD3 mRNA and protein expression levels in tumor and matched non-tumoral (NT) tissues, HCC cell lines were evaluated by quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting and immunohistochemical staining (IHC). Additionally, PKD3 mRNA expression in HCC tissues correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and survival. RESULTS PKD3 mRNA and protein expression was elevated in HCC tissues and HCC cell lines. Our data also showed that in HCC patients after resection, a high-expression of PKD3 mRNA and protein significantly correlated with multiple tumor nodules (P=0.009, P=0.020, respectively), poor tumor differentiation (P=0.001, P=0.004, respectively), high serum AFP level (P=0.005, P=0.002, respectively), vascular invasion (P=0.006, P=0.009, respectively) and advanced AJCC stage (P=0.001, P=0.022, respectively). A Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that an elevated PKD3 mRNA expression correlated with shorter overall survival (OS) (P<0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P=0.008). Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that a high-expression of PKD3 was an independent prognostic factor for three-year overall survival rate. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that abnormal PKD3 expression might contribute to HCC progression. Furthermore, high PKD3 expression predicts a poor prognosis in HCC patients after hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People(')s Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People(')s Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Xiufang Chi
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, China
| | - Qun Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kangmin Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Aimin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Side Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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22
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Roy A, Ye J, Deng F, Wang QJ. Protein kinase D signaling in cancer: A friend or foe? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:283-294. [PMID: 28577984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase D is a family of evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinases that belongs to the Ca++/Calmodulin-dependent kinase superfamily. Signal transduction pathways mediated by PKD can be triggered by a variety of stimuli including G protein-coupled receptor agonists, growth factors, hormones, and cellular stresses. The regulatory mechanisms and physiological roles of PKD have been well documented including cell proliferation, survival, migration, angiogenesis, regulation of gene expression, and protein/membrane trafficking. However, its precise roles in disease progression, especially in cancer, remain elusive. A plethora of studies documented the cell- and tissue-specific expressions and functions of PKD in various cancer-associated biological processes, while the causes of the differential effects of PKD have not been thoroughly investigated. In this review, we have discussed the structural-functional properties, activation mechanisms, signaling pathways and physiological functions of PKD in the context of human cancer. Additionally, we have provided a comprehensive review of the reported tumor promoting or tumor suppressive functions of PKD in several major cancer types and discussed the discrepancies that have been raised on PKD as a major regulator of malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhiraj Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiming Jane Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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23
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Liu Y, Li J, Zhang J, Yu Z, Yu S, Wu L, Wang Y, Gong X, Wu C, Cai X, Mo L, Wang M, Gu J, Chen L. Oncogenic Protein Kinase D3 Regulating Networks in Invasive Breast Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:748-758. [PMID: 28656000 PMCID: PMC5485630 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.18472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Kinase D3 (PRKD3) functions as an important oncogenic driver in invasive breast cancer, which is the leading cause of women mortality. However, PRKD3 regulating network is largely unknown. In this study, we systematically explored PRKD3 regulating networks via investigating phosphoproteome, interactome and transcriptome to uncover the molecular mechanism of PRKD3 in invasive breast cancer. Using iTRAQ, 270 proteins were identified as PRKD3 regulated phosphoproteins from 4619 phosphosites matching 3666 phosphopeptides from 2016 phosphoproteins with p-value <0.005. Transcriptome analysis using affymetrix microarray identified 45 PRKD3 regulated genes, in which 20 genes were upregulated and 25 genes were downregulated with p-value <0.005 upon silencing PRKD3. Using Co-IP in combination of MS identification, 606 proteins were identified to be PRKD3 interacting proteins from 2659 peptides. Further network analysis of PRKD3 regulated phosphoproteins, interacting proteins and regulated genes, reveals 19 hub nodes, including ELAVL1, UBC and BRCA1. UBC was recognized as the most common hub node in PRKD3 regulating networks. The enriched pathway analysis reveals that PRKD3 regulates pathways contributing to multiple cancer related events, including cell cycle, migration and others. Enrichment of cell cycle and cell mobility related pathways across PRKD3 networks, explained the observations that depletion of oncogenic PRKD3 led to alternation of cell cycle and decrease of cell migration ability. Taken together, our current study provided valuable information on the roles as well as the molecular mechanisms of PRKD3 in invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Zhenghong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, NanJing 210002, P. R. China
| | - Shiyi Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Lele Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yuzhi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xue Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xiuxiu Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Lin Mo
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, NanJing 210002, P. R. China
| | - Mingya Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, NanJing 210002, P. R. China
| | - Liming Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
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24
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Hofvander J, Arbajian E, Stenkula KG, Lindkvist-Petersson K, Larsson M, Nilsson J, Magnusson L, von Steyern FV, Rissler P, Hornick JL, Mertens F. Frequent low-level mutations of protein kinase D2 in angiolipoma. J Pathol 2017; 241:578-582. [PMID: 28139834 DOI: 10.1002/path.4865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumours displaying differentiation towards normal fat constitute the most common subgroup of soft tissue neoplasms. A series of such tumours was investigated by whole-exome sequencing followed by targeted ultra-deep sequencing. Eighty per cent of angiolipomas, but not any other tumour type, displayed mutations in the protein kinase D2 (PRKD2) gene, typically in the part encoding the catalytic domain. The absence of other aberrations at the chromosome or RNA level suggests that PRKD2 mutations are critical for angiolipoma development. Consistently, the mutated PRKD2 alleles were present at low (3-15%) frequencies, indicating that only a subset of the tumour cells is affected. Indeed, by sequencing mature fat cells and other cells separately, the former typically showed the highest mutation frequencies. Thus, we hypothesize that altered PRKD2 signalling in the adipocytic cells drives tumourigenesis and, in agreement with its pivotal role in angiogenesis, induces the vessel formation that is characteristic for angiolipoma. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Hofvander
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elsa Arbajian
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin G Stenkula
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Malin Larsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nilsson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Linda Magnusson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Vult von Steyern
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pehr Rissler
- Department of Pathology, Office for Medical Services, Division of Laboratory Medicine, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jason L Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fredrik Mertens
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Office for Medical Services, Division of Laboratory Medicine, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
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25
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Wood BM, Bossuyt J. Emergency Spatiotemporal Shift: The Response of Protein Kinase D to Stress Signals in the Cardiovascular System. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:9. [PMID: 28174535 PMCID: PMC5258689 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Kinase D isoforms (PKD 1-3) are key mediators of neurohormonal, oxidative, and metabolic stress signals. PKDs impact a wide variety of signaling pathways and cellular functions including actin dynamics, vesicle trafficking, cell motility, survival, contractility, energy substrate utilization, and gene transcription. PKD activity is also increasingly linked to cancer, immune regulation, pain modulation, memory, angiogenesis, and cardiovascular disease. This increasing complexity and diversity of PKD function, highlights the importance of tight spatiotemporal control of the kinase via protein–protein interactions, post-translational modifications or targeting via scaffolding proteins. In this review, we focus on the spatiotemporal regulation and effects of PKD signaling in response to neurohormonal, oxidant and metabolic signals that have implications for myocardial disease. Precise targeting of these mechanisms will be crucial in the design of PKD-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent M Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis CA, USA
| | - Julie Bossuyt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis CA, USA
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26
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Durand N, Borges S, Storz P. Functional and therapeutic significance of protein kinase D enzymes in invasive breast cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4369-82. [PMID: 26253275 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase D (PKD) family members, PKD1, PKD2 and PKD3 constitute a family of serine/threonine kinases that are essential regulators of cell migration, proliferation and protein transport. Multiple types of cancers are characterized by aberrant expression of PKD isoforms. In breast cancer PKD isoforms exhibit distinct expression patterns and regulate various oncogenic processes. In highly invasive breast cancer, the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths in females, the loss of PKD1 is thought to promote invasion and metastasis, while PKD2 and upregulated PKD3 have been shown to be positive regulators of proliferation, chemoresistance and metastasis. In this review, we examine the differential expression pattern, mechanisms of regulation and contributions made by each PKD isoform to the development and maintenance of invasive breast cancer. In addition, we discuss the potential therapeutic approaches for targeting PKD in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Durand
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Griffin Room 306, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Sahra Borges
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Griffin Room 306, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Griffin Room 306, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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27
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Chen YL, Kan WM. Down-regulation of superoxide dismutase 1 by PMA is involved in cell fate determination and mediated via protein kinase D2 in myeloid leukemia cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2662-75. [PMID: 26241492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid leukemia cells maintain a high intracellular ROS level and use redox signals for survival. The metabolism of ROS also affects cell fate, including cell death and differentiation. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are major antioxidant enzymes that have high levels of expression in myeloid leukemia cells. However, the role of SODs in the regulation of myeloid leukemia cells' biological function is still unclear. To investigate the function of SODs in myeloid leukemia cell death and differentiation, we used myeloid leukemia cell lines K562, MEG-01, TF-1, and HEL cells for this study. We found that PMA-induced megakaryocytic differentiation in myeloid leukemia cells is accompanied by cell death and SOD1 down-regulation, while SOD2 expression is not affected. The role of SOD1 is verified when ATN-224, a SOD1 specific inhibitor, inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell death in myeloid leukemia cells without PMA treatment. Moreover, inhibition or silencing of SODs further increases cell death and decreases polyploidization induced by PMA while they were partially reversed by SOD1 overexpression. Thus, SOD1 expression is required for myeloid leukemia cell fate determination. In addition, the knockdown of PKD2 reduces cell death and promotes polyploidization induced by PMA. PMA/PKD2-mediated necrosis via PARP cleavage involves both SOD1-dependent and -independent pathways. Finally, ATN-224 enhanced the inhibition of cell proliferation by Ara-C. Taken together, the results demonstrate that SOD1 regulates cell death and differentiation in myeloid leukemia cells. ATN-224 may be beneficial for myeloid leukemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wai-Ming Kan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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28
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Varga A, Gyulavári P, Greff Z, Futosi K, Németh T, Simon-Szabó L, Kerekes K, Szántai-Kis C, Brauswetter D, Kokas M, Borbély G, Erdei A, Mócsai A, Kéri G, Vántus T. Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and protein kinase D1 related pathways by a multiple kinase inhibitor in angiogenesis and inflammation related processes in vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124234. [PMID: 25874616 PMCID: PMC4396990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and protein kinase D1 (PKD1) signaling axis plays a critical role in normal and pathological angiogenesis and inflammation related processes. Despite all efforts, the currently available therapeutic interventions are limited. Prior studies have also proved that a multiple target inhibitor can be more efficient compared to a single target one. Therefore, development of novel inflammatory pathway-specific inhibitors would be of great value. To test this possibility, we screened our molecular library using recombinant kinase assays and identified the previously described compound VCC251801 with strong inhibitory effect on both VEGFR2 and PKD1. We further analyzed the effect of VCC251801 in the endothelium-derived EA.hy926 cell line and in different inflammatory cell types. In EA.hy926 cells, VCC251801 potently inhibited the intracellular activation and signaling of VEGFR2 and PKD1 which inhibition eventually resulted in diminished cell proliferation. In this model, our compound was also an efficient inhibitor of in vitro angiogenesis by interfering with endothelial cell migration and tube formation processes. Our results from functional assays in inflammatory cellular models such as neutrophils and mast cells suggested an anti-inflammatory effect of VCC251801. The neutrophil study showed that VCC251801 specifically blocked the immobilized immune-complex and the adhesion dependent TNF-α -fibrinogen stimulated neutrophil activation. Furthermore, similar results were found in mast cell degranulation assay where VCC251801 caused significant reduction of mast cell response. In summary, we described a novel function of a multiple kinase inhibitor which strongly inhibits the VEGFR2-PKD1 signaling and might be a novel inhibitor of pathological inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Varga
- Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Gyulavári
- Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Krisztina Futosi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Németh
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laura Simon-Szabó
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kerekes
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Diána Brauswetter
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Kokas
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Borbély
- Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Erdei
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Kéri
- Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vántus
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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29
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Tandon M, Salamoun JM, Carder EJ, Farber E, Xu S, Deng F, Tang H, Wipf P, Wang QJ. SD-208, a novel protein kinase D inhibitor, blocks prostate cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth in vivo by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119346. [PMID: 25747583 PMCID: PMC4352033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) has been implicated in many aspects of tumorigenesis and progression, and is an emerging molecular target for the development of anticancer therapy. Despite recent advancement in the development of potent and selective PKD small molecule inhibitors, the availability of in vivo active PKD inhibitors remains sparse. In this study, we describe the discovery of a novel PKD small molecule inhibitor, SD-208, from a targeted kinase inhibitor library screen, and the synthesis of a series of analogs to probe the structure-activity relationship (SAR) vs. PKD1. SD-208 displayed a narrow SAR profile, was an ATP-competitive pan-PKD inhibitor with low nanomolar potency and was cell active. Targeted inhibition of PKD by SD-208 resulted in potent inhibition of cell proliferation, an effect that could be reversed by overexpressed PKD1 or PKD3. SD-208 also blocked prostate cancer cell survival and invasion, and arrested cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Mechanistically, SD-208-induced G2/M arrest was accompanied by an increase in levels of p21 in DU145 and PC3 cells as well as elevated phosphorylation of Cdc2 and Cdc25C in DU145 cells. Most importantly, SD-208 given orally for 24 days significantly abrogated the growth of PC3 subcutaneous tumor xenografts in nude mice, which was accompanied by reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis and decreased expression of PKD biomarkers including survivin and Bcl-xL. Our study has identified SD-208 as a novel efficacious PKD small molecule inhibitor, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of targeted inhibition of PKD for prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuj Tandon
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States of America
| | - Evan J. Carder
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States of America
| | - Elisa Farber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States of America
| | - Shuping Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States of America
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, 75708, United States of America
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States of America
| | - Q. Jane Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Alpsoy A, Gündüz U. Protein kinase D2 silencing reduced motility of doxorubicin-resistant MCF7 cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4417-26. [PMID: 25874490 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Success of chemotherapy is generally impaired by multidrug resistance, intrinsic resistance, or acquired resistance to functionally and structurally irrelevant drugs. Multidrug resistance emerges via distinct mechanisms: increased drug export, decreased drug internalization, dysfunctional apoptotic machinery, increased DNA damage repair, altered cell cycle regulation, and increased drug detoxification. Several reports demonstrated that multidrug resistance is a multifaceted problem such that multidrug resistance correlates with increased aggressiveness and metastatic potential. Here, we tested the involvement of protein kinase D2, a serine/threonine kinase that was previously implicated in proliferation, drug resistance, and motility in doxorubicin-resistant MCF7 (MCF7/DOX) cell line, which served as an in vitro model for drug resistance and invasiveness. We showed that basal level activity of protein kinase D2 (PKD2) was higher in MCF7/DOX cells than parental MCF7 cells. To elucidate the roles of PKD2 MCF7/DOX, PKD2 expression was reduced via small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown. Results showed that acquired resistance of MCF7/DOX to doxorubicin was not affected by PKD2 silencing, while motility of MCF7/DOX cells was reduced. The results implied that PKD2 silencing might inhibit migration of MCF7/DOX cells without affecting chemoresistance significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aktan Alpsoy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
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Liachko NF, McMillan PJ, Strovas TJ, Loomis E, Greenup L, Murrell JR, Ghetti B, Raskind MA, Montine TJ, Bird TD, Leverenz JB, Kraemer BC. The tau tubulin kinases TTBK1/2 promote accumulation of pathological TDP-43. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004803. [PMID: 25473830 PMCID: PMC4256087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological aggregates of phosphorylated TDP-43 characterize amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP), two devastating groups of neurodegenerative disease. Kinase hyperactivity may be a consistent feature of ALS and FTLD-TDP, as phosphorylated TDP-43 is not observed in the absence of neurodegeneration. By examining changes in TDP-43 phosphorylation state, we have identified kinases controlling TDP-43 phosphorylation in a C. elegans model of ALS. In this kinome-wide survey, we identified homologs of the tau tubulin kinases 1 and 2 (TTBK1 and TTBK2), which were also identified in a prior screen for kinase modifiers of TDP-43 behavioral phenotypes. Using refined methodology, we demonstrate TTBK1 and TTBK2 directly phosphorylate TDP-43 in vitro and promote TDP-43 phosphorylation in mammalian cultured cells. TTBK1/2 overexpression drives phosphorylation and relocalization of TDP-43 from the nucleus to cytoplasmic inclusions reminiscent of neuropathologic changes in disease states. Furthermore, protein levels of TTBK1 and TTBK2 are increased in frontal cortex of FTLD-TDP patients, and TTBK1 and TTBK2 co-localize with TDP-43 inclusions in ALS spinal cord. These kinases may represent attractive targets for therapeutic intervention for TDP-43 proteinopathies such as ALS and FTLD-TDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole F. Liachko
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Pamela J. McMillan
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Strovas
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Elaine Loomis
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lynne Greenup
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jill R. Murrell
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Murray A. Raskind
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Montine
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas D. Bird
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - James B. Leverenz
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brian C. Kraemer
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Olala LO, Shapiro BA, Merchen TC, Wynn JJ, Bollag WB. Protein kinase C and Src family kinases mediate angiotensin II-induced protein kinase D activation and acute aldosterone production. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 392:173-81. [PMID: 24859649 PMCID: PMC4120960 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown a role for the serine/threonine protein kinase D (PKD) in the regulation of acute aldosterone secretion upon angiotensin II (AngII) stimulation. However, the mechanism by which AngII activates PKD remains unclear. In this study, using both pharmacological and molecular approaches, we demonstrate that AngII-induced PKD activation is mediated by protein kinase C (PKC) and Src family kinases in primary bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells and leads to increased aldosterone production. The pan PKC inhibitor Ro 31-8220 and the Src family kinase inhibitors PP2 and Src-1 inhibited both PKD activation and acute aldosterone production. Additionally, like the dominant-negative serine-738/742-to-alanine PKD mutant that cannot be phosphorylated by PKC, the dominant-negative tyrosine-463-to-phenylalanine PKD mutant, which is not phosphorylatable by the Src/Abl pathway, inhibited acute AngII-induced aldosterone production. Taken together, our results demonstrate that AngII activates PKD via a mechanism involving Src family kinases and PKC, to underlie increased aldosterone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence O Olala
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, United States; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Brian A Shapiro
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Todd C Merchen
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - James J Wynn
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, United States; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
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Döppler H, Bastea LI, Borges S, Spratley SJ, Pearce SE, Storz P. Protein kinase d isoforms differentially modulate cofilin-driven directed cell migration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98090. [PMID: 24840177 PMCID: PMC4026536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein kinase D (PKD) enzymes regulate cofilin-driven actin reorganization and directed cell migration through both p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) and the phosphatase slingshot 1L (SSH1L). The relative contributions of different endogenous PKD isoforms to both signaling pathways have not been elucidated, sufficiently. Methodology/Principal Findings We here analyzed two cell lines (HeLa and MDA-MB-468) that express the subtypes protein kinase D2 (PKD2) and protein kinase D3 (PKD3). We show that under normal growth conditions both isoforms can form a complex, in which PKD3 is basally-active and PKD2 is inactive. Basal activity of PKD3 mediates PAK4 activity and downstream signaling, but does not significantly inhibit SSH1L. This signaling constellation was required for facilitating directed cell migration. Activation of PKD2 and further increase of PKD3 activity leads to additional phosphorylation and inhibition of endogenous SSH1L. Net effect is a dramatic increase in phospho-cofilin and a decrease in cell migration, since now both PAK4 and SSH1L are regulated by the active PKD2/PKD3 complex. Conclusions/Significance Our data suggest that PKD complexes provide an interface for both cofilin regulatory pathways. Dependent on the activity of involved PKD enzymes signaling can be balanced to guarantee a functional cofilin activity cycle and increase cell migration, or imbalanced to decrease cell migration. Our data also provide an explanation of how PKD isoforms mediate different effects on directed cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Döppler
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ligia I. Bastea
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sahra Borges
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Samantha J. Spratley
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Pearce
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Aldosterone regulates blood pressure through its effects on the kidney and the cardiovascular system. Dysregulation of aldosterone signalling can result in hypertension which in turn can lead to chronic pathologies of the kidney such as renal fibrosis and nephropathy. Aldosterone acts by binding to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), which acts as a ligand-dependent transcription factor in target tissues such as segments of the distal nephron including the connecting tubule and cortical collecting duct (CCD). Aldosterone also promotes the activation of protein kinase signalling cascades that are coupled to growth factor receptors and act directly on specific substrates in the cell membrane or cytoplasm. The rapid actions of aldosterone can also modulate gene expression through the phosphorylation of transcription factors. Aldosterone is a key regulator of Na(+) conservation in the distal nephron, largely through multiple mechanisms that modulate the activity of the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC). Aldosterone transcriptionally up-regulates the ENaCα subunit and also up regulates serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 (SGK1) that indirectly regulates the ubiquitination of ENaC subunits. Aldosterone promotes the activation of protein kinase D1 (PKD1) which can modify the activity of ENaC and other transporters through effects on sub-cellular trafficking. In M1-CCD cells, early sub-cellular trafficking causes the redistribution of ENaC subunits within minutes of treatment with aldosterone. ENaC subunits can also interact directly with phosphatidylinositide signalling intermediates in the membrane and the mechanism by which PKD isoforms regulate protein trafficking is through the control of vesicle fission from the trans Golgi network by activation of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinaseIIIβ (PI4KIIIβ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad Quinn
- Molecular Medicine Laboratories, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Brian J Harvey
- Molecular Medicine Laboratories, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Warren Thomas
- Molecular Medicine Laboratories, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Li G, Wang Y. Protein kinase D: a new player among the signaling proteins that regulate functions in the nervous system. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:497-504. [PMID: 24526660 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is an evolutionarily-conserved family of protein kinases. It has structural, regulatory, and enzymatic properties quite different from the PKC family. Many stimuli induce PKD signaling, including G-protein-coupled receptor agonists and growth factors. PKD1 is the most studied member of the family. It functions during cell proliferation, differentiation, secretion, cardiac hypertrophy, immune regulation, angiogenesis, and cancer. Previously, we found that PKD1 is also critically involved in pain modulation. Since then, a series of studies performed in our lab and by other groups have shown that PKDs also participate in other processes in the nervous system including neuronal polarity establishment, neuroprotection, and learning. Here, we discuss the connections between PKD structure, enzyme function, and localization, and summarize the recent findings on the roles of PKD-mediated signaling in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) belongs to a family of serine/threonine kinases that play an important role in basic cellular processes and are implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Progress in our understanding of the biological functions of PKD has been limited due to the lack of a PKD-specific inhibitor. The benzoxoloazepinolone CID755673 was recently reported as the first potent and kinase-selective inhibitor for this enzyme. For structure-activity analysis purposes, a series of analogs was prepared and their in vitro inhibitory potency evaluated.
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Gan H, Wang G, Hao Q, Wang QJ, Tang H. Protein kinase D promotes airway epithelial barrier dysfunction and permeability through down-regulation of claudin-1. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:37343-54. [PMID: 24265314 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.511527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
At the interface between host and external environment, the airway epithelium serves as a major protective barrier. In the present study we show that protein kinase D (PKD) plays an important role in the formation and integrity of the airway epithelial barrier. Either inhibition of PKD activity or silencing of PKD increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), resulting in a tighter epithelial barrier. Among the three PKD isoforms, PKD3 knockdown was the most efficient one to increase TEER in polarized airway epithelial monolayers. In contrast, overexpression of PKD3 wild type, but not PKD3 kinase-inactive mutant, disrupted the formation of apical intercellular junctions and their reassembly, impaired the development of TEER, and increased paracellular permeability to sodium fluorescein in airway epithelial monolayers. We further found that overexpression of PKD, in particular PKD3, markedly suppressed the mRNA and protein levels of claudin-1 but had only minor effects on the expression of other tight junctional proteins (claudin-3, claudin-4, claudin-5, occludin, and ZO-1) and adherent junctional proteins (E-cadherin and β-catenin). Immunofluorescence study revealed that claudin-1 level was markedly reduced and almost disappeared from intercellular contacts in PKD3-overexpressed epithelial monolayers and that claudin-4 was also restricted from intercellular contacts and tended to accumulate in the cell cytosolic compartments. Last, we found that claudin-1 knockdown prevented TEER elevation by PKD inhibition or silencing in airway epithelial monolayers. These novel findings indicate that PKD negatively regulates human airway epithelial barrier formation and integrity through down-regulation of claudin-1, which is a key component of tight junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachen Gan
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708 and
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Protein kinase D-mediated phosphorylation at Ser99 regulates localization of p21-activated kinase 4. Biochem J 2013; 455:251-60. [PMID: 23841590 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PAKs (p21-activated kinases) are effectors of RhoGTPases. PAK4 contributes to regulation of cofilin at the leading edge of migrating cells through activation of LIMK (Lin-11/Isl-1/Mec-3 kinase). PAK4 activity is regulated by an autoinhibitory domain that is released upon RhoGTPase binding as well as phosphorylation at Ser474 in the activation loop of the kinase domain. In the present study, we add another level of complexity to PAK4 regulation by showing that phosphorylation at Ser99 is required for its targeting to the leading edge. This phosphorylation is mediated by PKD1 (protein kinase D1). Phosphorylation of PAK4 at Ser99 also mediates binding to 14-3-3 protein, and is required for the formation of a PAK4-LIMK-PKD1 complex that regulates cofilin activity and directed cell migration.
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Ford JJ, Yeh LCC, Schmidgal EC, Thompson JF, Adamo ML, Lee JC. Protein kinase D1 is essential for bone acquisition during pubertal growth. Endocrinology 2013; 154:4182-91. [PMID: 23970783 PMCID: PMC5398594 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bone formation and maintenance represents the summation of the balance of local and endocrine hormonal stimuli within a complex organ. Protein kinase D (PKD) is a member of the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase superfamily of serine/threonine kinases and has been described as the crossroads for the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-IGF-I signaling axis, which plays a major role in bone formation. The current study exploits the PKD1-deficient mouse model to examine the role of PKD in vivo in the skeleton. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan analysis of male and female pubescent mice demonstrated significantly decreased bone mineral density in the whole body and femoral bone compartments of PKD1 (+/-) mice, compared with their wild-type littermates. The body weight, nasal-anal length, and percentage body fat of the mice were not significantly different from their wild-type littermates. Cultured bone marrow stromal cells from PKD1 (+/-) mice demonstrated lower alkaline phosphatase activity in early differentiating osteoblasts and decreased mineralized nodule formation in mature osteoblasts. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of osteoblast differentiation markers and osteoclast markers exhibited lower levels of expression in PKD1 (+/-) male mice than wild type. In female mice, however, only markers of osteoblast differentiation were reduced. PKD1 (+/-) mice also demonstrated a profound reduction in mRNA expression levels of BMP type II receptor and IGF-I receptor and in BMP-7 responsiveness in vitro. Together these data suggest that in mice, PKD1 action contributes to the regulation of osteoblastogenesis by altering gene expression with gender-specific effects on osteoclastogenesis, subsequently affecting skeletal matrix acquisition during puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery J Ford
- PhD, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229.
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40
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Dooley R, Angibaud E, Yusef YR, Thomas W, Harvey BJ. Aldosterone-induced ENaC and basal Na+/K+-ATPase trafficking via protein kinase D1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinaseIIIβ trans Golgi signalling in M1 cortical collecting duct cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 372:86-95. [PMID: 23541637 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone regulates Na(+) transport in the distal nephron through multiple mechanisms that include the transcriptional control of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase subunits. Aldosterone also induces the rapid phosphorylation of Protein Kinase D1 (PKD1). PKD isoforms regulate protein trafficking, by the control of vesicle fission from the trans Golgi network (TGN) through activation of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinaseIIIβ (PI4KIIIβ). We report rapid ENaCγ translocation to the plasma membrane after 30 min aldosterone treatment in polarized M1 cortical collecting duct cells, which was significantly impaired in PKD1 shRNA-mediated knockdown cells. In PKD1-deficient cells, the ouabain-sensitive current was significantly reduced and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase α and β subunits showed aberrant localization. PKD1 and PI4KIIIβ localize to the TGN, and aldosterone induced an interaction between PKD1 and PI4KIIIβ following aldosterone treatment. This study reveals a novel mechanism for rapid regulation of ENaC and the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, via directed trafficking through PKD1-PI4KIIIβ signalling at the level of the TGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dooley
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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41
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Protein kinase D2 and heat shock protein 90 beta are required for BCL6-associated zinc finger protein mRNA stabilization induced by vascular endothelial growth factor-A. Angiogenesis 2013; 16:675-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Scheiter M, Bulitta B, van Ham M, Klawonn F, König S, Jänsch L. Protein Kinase Inhibitors CK59 and CID755673 Alter Primary Human NK Cell Effector Functions. Front Immunol 2013; 4:66. [PMID: 23508354 PMCID: PMC3600540 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immune response and play a crucial role in the defense against tumors and virus-infected cells. Their effector functions include the specific killing of target cells, as well as the modulation of other immune cells by cytokine release. Kinases constitute a relevant part in signaling, are prime targets in drug research and the protein kinase inhibitor Dasatinib is already used for immune-modulatory therapies. In this study, we tested the effects of the kinase inhibitors CK59 and CID755673. These inhibitors are directed against calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII; CK59) and PKD family kinases (CID755673) that were previously suggested as novel components of NK activation pathways. Here, we use a multi-parameter, FACS-based assay to validate the influence of CK59 and CID755673 on the effector functions of primary NK cells. Treatment with CK59 and CID755673 indeed resulted in a significant dose-dependent reduction of NK cell degranulation markers and cytokine release in freshly isolated Peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations from healthy blood donors. These results underline the importance of CaMKII for NK cell signaling and suggest protein kinase D2 as a novel signaling component in NK cell activation. Notably, kinase inhibition studies on pure NK cell populations indicate significant donor variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxi Scheiter
- Research Group Cellular Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig, Germany
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Armacki M, Joodi G, Nimmagadda SC, de Kimpe L, Pusapati GV, Vandoninck S, Van Lint J, Illing A, Seufferlein T. A novel splice variant of calcium and integrin-binding protein 1 mediates protein kinase D2-stimulated tumour growth by regulating angiogenesis. Oncogene 2013; 33:1167-80. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ellwanger K, Hausser A. Physiological functions of protein kinase D in vivo. IUBMB Life 2013; 65:98-107. [PMID: 23288632 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The cellular functions of the serine/threonine protein kinase D (PKD) have been extensively studied within the last decade and distinct roles such as fission of vesicles at the Golgi compartment, coordination of cell migration and invasion, and regulation of gene transcription have been correlated with this kinase family. Here, we highlight the current state of in vivo studies on PKD function with a focus on animal models and discuss the molecular basis of the observed phenotypic characteristics associated with this kinase family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Ellwanger
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, Stuttgart, Germany
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45
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Hao F, Wu DD, Xu X, Cui MZ. Histamine induces activation of protein kinase D that mediates tissue factor expression and activity in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H1344-52. [PMID: 23001835 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00500.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Histamine, an inflammatory mediator, has been shown to influence the pathogenesis of vascular wall cells. However, the molecular basis of its influence is not well understood. Our data reveal that histamine markedly induces protein kinase D (PKD) activation in human aortic smooth muscle cells. PKD belongs to a family of serine/threonine protein kinases, and its function in vascular disease is largely unknown. Our data show that histamine-induced PKD phosphorylation is dependent on the activation of histamine receptor 1 and protein kinase C (PKC). To determine the role of PKD in the histamine pathway, we employed a small-interfering RNA approach to downregulate PKD expression and found that PKD1 and PKD2 are key mediators for expression of tissue factor (TF), which is the key initiator of blood coagulation and is important for thrombosis. Our results show that PKD2 predominantly mediates histamine-induced TF expression via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, whereas PKD1 mediates histamine-induced TF expression through a p38 MAPK-independent pathway. We demonstrate that histamine induces TF expression via the PKC-dependent PKD activation. Our data provide the first evidence that PKD is a new component in histamine signaling in live cells and that PKD has a novel function in the histamine signaling pathway leading to gene expression, as evidenced by TF expression. Importantly, our data reveal a regulatory link from histamine to PKD and TF, providing new insights into the mechanisms of coagulation and the development of atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hao
- Department of Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Onodera Y, Nam JM, Hashimoto A, Norman JC, Shirato H, Hashimoto S, Sabe H. Rab5c promotes AMAP1-PRKD2 complex formation to enhance β1 integrin recycling in EGF-induced cancer invasion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 197:983-96. [PMID: 22734003 PMCID: PMC3384417 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201201065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
EGF signaling activates Rab5c and promotes the intracellular association of AMAP1 and PRKD2 to enhance β1 integrin recycling and promote the invasiveness of breast cancer cells. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is one of the crucial factors in breast cancer malignancy. Breast cancer cells often overexpress Arf6 and its effector, AMAP1/ASAP1/DDEF1; in these cells, EGFR signaling may activate the Arf6 pathway to induce invasion and metastasis. Active recycling of some integrins is crucial for invasion and metastasis. Here, we show that the Arf6–AMAP1 pathway links to the machinery that recycles β1 integrins, such as α3β1, to promote cell invasion upon EGFR stimulation. We found that AMAP1 had the ability to bind directly to PRKD2 and hence to make a complex with the cytoplasmic tail of the β1 subunit. Moreover, GTP-Rab5c also bound to AMAP1, and activation of Rab5c by EGFR signaling was necessary to promote the intracellular association of AMAP1 and PRKD2. Our results suggest a novel mechanism by which EGFR signaling promotes the invasiveness of some breast cancer cells via integrin recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Onodera
- Department of Molecular Biology and 2 Department of Radiation Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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LaValle CR, Zhang L, Xu S, Eiseman JL, Wang QJ. Inducible silencing of protein kinase D3 inhibits secretion of tumor-promoting factors in prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:1389-99. [PMID: 22532599 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) acts as a major mediator of several signaling pathways related to cancer development. Aberrant PKD expression and activity have been shown in multiple cancers, and novel PKD inhibitors show promising anticancer activities. Despite these advances, the mechanisms through which PKD contributes to the pathogenesis of cancer remain unknown. Here, we establish a novel role for PKD3, the least studied member of the PKD family, in the regulation of prostate cancer cell growth and motility through modulation of secreted tumor-promoting factors. Using both a stable inducible knockdown cell model and a transient knockdown system using multiple siRNAs, we show that silencing of endogenous PKD3 significantly reduces prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, conditioned medium from PKD3-knockdown cells exhibits less migratory potential compared with that from control cells. Further analysis indicated that depletion of PKD3 blocks secretion of multiple key tumor-promoting factors including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and GROα but does not alter mRNA transcript levels for these factors, implying impairment of the secretory pathway. More significantly, inducible depletion of PKD3 in a subcutaneous xenograft model suppresses tumor growth and decreases levels of intratumoral GROα in mice. These data validate PKD3 as a promising therapeutic target in prostate cancer and shed light on the role of secreted tumor-promoting factors in prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R LaValle
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Pusapati GV, Eiseler T, Rykx A, Vandoninck S, Derua R, Waelkens E, Van Lint J, von Wichert G, Seufferlein T. Protein kinase D regulates RhoA activity via rhotekin phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:9473-83. [PMID: 22228765 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.339564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the protein kinase D (PKD) family of serine/threonine kinases are major targets for tumor-promoting phorbol esters, G protein-coupled receptors, and activated protein kinase C isoforms (PKCs). The expanding list of cellular processes in which PKDs exert their function via phosphorylation of various substrates include proliferation, apoptosis, migration, angiogenesis, and vesicle trafficking. Therefore, identification of novel PKD substrates is necessary to understand the profound role of this kinase family in signal transduction. Here, we show that rhotekin, an effector of RhoA GTPase, is a novel substrate of PKD. We identified Ser-435 in rhotekin as the potential site targeted by PKD in vivo. Expression of a phosphomimetic S435E rhotekin mutant resulted in an increase of endogenous active RhoA GTPase levels. Phosphorylation of rhotekin by PKD2 modulates the anchoring of the RhoA in the plasma membrane. Consequently, the S435E rhotekin mutant displayed enhanced stress fiber formation when expressed in serum-starved fibroblasts. Our data thus identify a novel role of PKD as a regulator of RhoA activity and actin stress fiber formation through phosphorylation of rhotekin.
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Chen J, Feng Y, Lu L, Wang H, Dai L, Li Y, Zhang P. Interferon-γ-induced PD-L1 surface expression on human oral squamous carcinoma via PKD2 signal pathway. Immunobiology 2011; 217:385-93. [PMID: 22204817 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Many cells located in the tumor microenvironment function to protect or promote the ability of tumor cells to escape immune destruction. Previous studies have shown that programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), a ligand of the B7 superfamily, is expressed on a series of human tumors and can inhibit anti-tumor immune responses. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a cytokine produced and secreted by inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment, is a main stimulator of PD-L1 expression in tumor cells. Making clear the mechanism of IFN-γ induced the expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells that is benefit to find a way to inhibit the function of PD-L1 and improve cancer cell-reactive immune responses. Herein, we have identified protein kinase D isoform 2 (PKD2) as an important regulator of PD-L1 expression on human oral squamous carcinoma cells induced by IFN-γ. IFN-γ induced the expression of PD-L1 and PKD2 in human oral squamous carcinoma Tca8113 in both time and dose dependent manner. The expression of PD-L1 was decreased significantly after PKD2 knockdown with shRNA/siRNA interference or PKD chemical inhibitor following induction with IFN-γ. The apoptosis of CD8(+) T cell which is induced by tumor cells via PD-1/PD-L1 pathway was significantly decreased, as a result, the anti-tumor effects of tumor antigen specific T cell were increased in vivo. Together, these data combined with our previous results, indicate PKD2 as an important target candidate for tumor biotherapy. Inhibition of PKD2 activation not only inhibits PD-L1 expression and promotes an anti-tumor effect, but also decreases drug resistance in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, PR China.
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50
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Azoitei N, Kleger A, Schoo N, Thal DR, Brunner C, Pusapati GV, Filatova A, Genze F, Möller P, Acker T, Kuefer R, Van Lint J, Baust H, Adler G, Seufferlein T. Protein kinase D2 is a novel regulator of glioblastoma growth and tumor formation. Neuro Oncol 2011; 13:710-24. [PMID: 21727210 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme, a highly aggressive tumor of the central nervous system, has a dismal prognosis that is due in part to its resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. The protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine threonine kinases has been implicated in the formation and proliferation of glioblastoma multiforme. Members of the protein kinase D (PKD) family, which consists of PKD1, -2 and, -3, are prominent downstream targets of PKCs and could play a major role in glioblastoma growth. PKD2 was highly expressed in both low-grade and high-grade human gliomas. The number of PKD2-positive tumor cells increased with glioma grading (P < .001). PKD2 was also expressed in CD133-positive glioblastoma stem cells and various glioblastoma cell lines in which the kinase was found to be constitutively active. Inhibition of PKDs by pharmacological inhibitors resulted in substantial inhibition of glioblastoma proliferation. Furthermore, specific depletion of PKD2 by siRNA resulted in a marked inhibition of anchorage-dependent and -independent proliferation and an accumulation of glioblastoma cells in G0/G1, accompanied by a down-regulation of cyclin D1 expression. In addition, PKD2-depleted glioblastoma cells exhibited substantially reduced tumor formation in vivo on chicken chorioallantoic membranes. These findings identify PKD2 as a novel mediator of glioblastoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo and thereby as a potential therapeutic target for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine l, Medical University of Ulm, Germany
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