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Morita S, O'Dair MK, Groves JT. Discrete protein condensation events govern calcium signal dynamics in T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.31.606035. [PMID: 39211144 PMCID: PMC11360922 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.31.606035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Calcium level variations, which occur downstream of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, are an essential aspect of T cell antigen recognition. Although coordinated ion channel activities are known to drive calcium oscillations in other cell types, observations of nonperiodic and heterogeneous calcium patterns in T cells are inconsistent with this mechanism. Here, we track the complete ensemble of individual molecular peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) binding events to TCR, while simultaneously imaging LAT condensation events and calcium level. Individual LAT condensates induce a rapid and additive calcium response, which quickly attenuates upon condensate dissolution. No evidence of cooperativity between LAT condensates or oscillatory calcium response was detected. These results reveal stochastic LAT protein condensation events as a primary driver of calcium signal dynamics in T cells. One-Sentence Summary Ca 2+ fluctuations in T cells reflect stochastic protein condensation events triggered by single molecular antigen-TCR binding.
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Ju X, Wang K, Wang C, Zeng C, Wang Y, Yu J. Regulation of myofibroblast dedifferentiation in pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2024; 25:284. [PMID: 39026235 PMCID: PMC11264880 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a lethal, progressive, and irreversible condition that has become a significant focus of medical research due to its increasing incidence. This rising trend presents substantial challenges for patients, healthcare providers, and researchers. Despite the escalating burden of pulmonary fibrosis, the available therapeutic options remain limited. Currently, the United States Food and Drug Administration has approved two drugs for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis-nintedanib and pirfenidone. However, their therapeutic effectiveness is limited, and they cannot reverse the fibrosis process. Additionally, these drugs are associated with significant side effects. Myofibroblasts play a central role in the pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis, significantly contributing to its progression. Consequently, strategies aimed at inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation or promoting their dedifferentiation hold promise as effective treatments. This review examines the regulation of myofibroblast dedifferentiation, exploring various signaling pathways, regulatory targets, and potential pharmaceutical interventions that could provide new directions for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Ju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Congjian Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Olivas-Aguirre M, Cruz-Aguilar LH, Pottosin I, Dobrovinskaya O. Reduction of Ca 2+ Entry by a Specific Block of KCa3.1 Channels Optimizes Cytotoxic Activity of NK Cells against T-ALL Jurkat Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2065. [PMID: 37626875 PMCID: PMC10453324 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Degranulation mediated killing mechanism by NK cells is dependent on store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and has optimum at moderate intracellular Ca2+ elevations so that partial block of SOCE optimizes the killing process. In this study, we tested the effect of the selective blocker of KCa3.1 channel NS6180 on SOCE and the killing efficiency of NK cells from healthy donors and NK-92 cells against T-ALL cell line Jurkat. Patch-clamp analysis showed that only one-quarter of resting NK cells functionally express KCa3.1 current, which increases 3-fold after activation by interleukins 15 and 2. Nevertheless, blockage of KCa3.1 significantly reduced SOCE and intracellular Ca2+ rise induced by IL-15 or target cell recognition. NS6180 (1 μM) decreased NK degranulation at zero time of coculture with Jurkat cells but already after 1 h, the degranulation reached the same level as in the control. Monitoring of target cell death by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy demonstrated that NS6180 significantly improved the killing ability of NK cells after 1 h in coculture with Jurkat cells and increased the Jurkat cell fraction with apoptotic and necrotic markers. Our data evidence a strong dependence of SOCE on KCa3.1 activity in NK cells and that KCa3.1 specific block can improve NK cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Olivas-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico
- Division of Exact, Natural and Technological Sciences, South University Center (CUsur), University of Guadalajara, Guzmán City 49000, Mexico
| | - Laura Hadit Cruz-Aguilar
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico
| | - Igor Pottosin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico
| | - Oxana Dobrovinskaya
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico
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Vasileva VY, Khairullina ZM, Sudarikova AV, Chubinskiy-Nadezhdin VI. Role of Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels in Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Human Chronic Myeloid Leukemia K562 Cells. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:583. [PMID: 37367787 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa) are important participants in calcium signaling pathways due to their ability to be activated by an increase in intracellular free calcium concentration. KCa channels are involved in the regulation of cellular processes in both normal and pathophysiological conditions, including oncotransformation. Previously, using patch-clamp, we registered the KCa currents in the plasma membrane of human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells, whose activity was controlled by local Ca2+ entry via mechanosensitive calcium-permeable channels. Here, we performed the molecular and functional identification of KCa channels and have uncovered their role in the proliferation, migration and invasion of K562 cells. Using a combined approach, we identified the functional activity of SK2, SK3 and IK channels in the plasma membrane of the cells. Selective SK and IK channel inhibitors, apamin and TRAM-34, respectively, reduced the proliferative, migratory and invasive capabilities of human myeloid leukemia cells. At the same time, the viability of K562 cells was not affected by KCa channel inhibitors. Ca2+ imaging showed that both SK and IK channel inhibitors affect Ca2+ entry and this could underlie the observed suppression of pathophysiological reactions of K562 cells. Our data imply that SK/IK channel inhibitors could be used to slow down the proliferation and spreading of chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells that express functionally active KCa channels in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Y Vasileva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Zuleikha M Khairullina
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Sudarikova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Nam YW, Downey M, Rahman MA, Cui M, Zhang M. Channelopathy of small- and intermediate-conductance Ca 2+-activated K + channels. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:259-267. [PMID: 35715699 PMCID: PMC9889811 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Small- and intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa2.x/KCa3.1 also called SK/IK) channels are gated exclusively by intracellular Ca2+. The Ca2+ binding protein calmodulin confers sub-micromolar Ca2+ sensitivity to the channel-calmodulin complex. The calmodulin C-lobe is constitutively associated with the proximal C-terminus of the channel. Interactions between calmodulin N-lobe and the channel S4-S5 linker are Ca2+-dependent, which subsequently trigger conformational changes in the channel pore and open the gate. KCNN genes encode four subtypes, including KCNN1 for KCa2.1 (SK1), KCNN2 for KCa2.2 (SK2), KCNN3 for KCa2.3 (SK3), and KCNN4 for KCa3.1 (IK). The three KCa2.x channel subtypes are expressed in the central nervous system and the heart. The KCa3.1 subtype is expressed in the erythrocytes and the lymphocytes, among other peripheral tissues. The impact of dysfunctional KCa2.x/KCa3.1 channels on human health has not been well documented. Human loss-of-function KCa2.2 mutations have been linked with neurodevelopmental disorders. Human gain-of-function mutations that increase the apparent Ca2+ sensitivity of KCa2.3 and KCa3.1 channels have been associated with Zimmermann-Laband syndrome and hereditary xerocytosis, respectively. This review article discusses the physiological significance of KCa2.x/KCa3.1 channels, the pathophysiology of the diseases linked with KCa2.x/KCa3.1 mutations, the structure-function relationship of the mutant KCa2.x/KCa3.1 channels, and potential pharmacological therapeutics for the KCa2.x/KCa3.1 channelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Woo Nam
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Myles Downey
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Mohammad Asikur Rahman
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Meng Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University School of Pharmacy, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
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6
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Butler AS, Hancox JC, Marrion NV. Preferential formation of human heteromeric SK2:SK3 channels limits homomeric SK channel assembly and function. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102783. [PMID: 36502918 PMCID: PMC9841042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three isoforms of small conductance, calcium-activated potassium (SK) channel subunits have been identified (SK1-3) that exhibit a broad and overlapping tissue distribution. SK channels have been implicated in several disease states including hypertension and atrial fibrillation, but therapeutic targeting of SK channels is hampered by a lack of subtype-selective inhibitors. This is further complicated by studies showing that SK1 and SK2 preferentially form heteromeric channels during co-expression, likely limiting the function of homomeric channels in vivo. Here, we utilized a simplified expression system to investigate functional current produced when human (h) SK2 and hSK3 subunits are co-expressed. When expressed alone, hSK3 subunits were more clearly expressed on the cell surface than hSK2 subunits. hSK3 surface expression was reduced by co-transfection with hSK2. Whole-cell recording showed homomeric hSK3 currents were larger than homomeric hSK2 currents or heteromeric hSK2:hSK3 currents. The smaller amplitude of hSK2:hSK3-mediated current when compared with homomeric hSK3-mediated current suggests hSK2 subunits regulate surface expression of heteromers. Co-expression of hSK2 and hSK3 subunits produced a current that arose from a single population of heteromeric channels as exhibited by an intermediate sensitivity to the inhibitors apamin and UCL1684. Co-expression of the apamin-sensitive hSK2 subunit and a mutant, apamin-insensitive hSK3 subunit [hSK3(H485N)], produced an apamin-sensitive current. Concentration-inhibition relationships were best fit by a monophasic Hill equation, confirming preferential formation of heteromers. These data show that co-expressed hSK2 and hSK3 preferentially form heteromeric channels and suggest that the hSK2 subunit acts as a chaperone, limiting membrane expression of hSK2:hSK3 heteromeric channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Butler
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jules C Hancox
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Neil V Marrion
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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7
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Bohmwald K, Gálvez NMS, Andrade CA, Mora VP, Muñoz JT, González PA, Riedel CA, Kalergis AM. Modulation of Adaptive Immunity and Viral Infections by Ion Channels. Front Physiol 2021; 12:736681. [PMID: 34690811 PMCID: PMC8531258 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.736681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cellular functions require of ion homeostasis and ion movement. Among others, ion channels play a crucial role in controlling the homeostasis of anions and cations concentration between the extracellular and intracellular compartments. Calcium (Ca2+) is one of the most relevant ions involved in regulating critical functions of immune cells, allowing the appropriate development of immune cell responses against pathogens and tumor cells. Due to the importance of Ca2+ in inducing the immune response, some viruses have evolved mechanisms to modulate intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and the mobilization of this cation through Ca2+ channels to increase their infectivity and to evade the immune system using different mechanisms. For instance, some viral infections require the influx of Ca2+ through ionic channels as a first step to enter the cell, as well as their replication and budding. Moreover, through the expression of viral proteins on the surface of infected cells, Ca2+ channels function can be altered, enhancing the pathogen evasion of the adaptive immune response. In this article, we review those ion channels and ion transporters that are essential for the function of immune cells. Specifically, cation channels and Ca2+ channels in the context of viral infections and their contribution to the modulation of adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bohmwald
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás M. S. Gálvez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina A. Andrade
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina P. Mora
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José T. Muñoz
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Dwivedi D, Bhalla US. Physiology and Therapeutic Potential of SK, H, and M Medium AfterHyperPolarization Ion Channels. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:658435. [PMID: 34149352 PMCID: PMC8209339 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.658435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SK, HCN, and M channels are medium afterhyperpolarization (mAHP)-mediating ion channels. The three channels co-express in various brain regions, and their collective action strongly influences cellular excitability. However, significant diversity exists in the expression of channel isoforms in distinct brain regions and various subcellular compartments, which contributes to an equally diverse set of specific neuronal functions. The current review emphasizes the collective behavior of the three classes of mAHP channels and discusses how these channels function together although they play specialized roles. We discuss the biophysical properties of these channels, signaling pathways that influence the activity of the three mAHP channels, various chemical modulators that alter channel activity and their therapeutic potential in treating various neurological anomalies. Additionally, we discuss the role of mAHP channels in the pathophysiology of various neurological diseases and how their modulation can alleviate some of the symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanjali Dwivedi
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, India.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Stanley Center at the Broad, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Upinder S Bhalla
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, India
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9
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Löhndorf A, Hosang L, Dohle W, Odoardi F, Waschkowski SA, Rosche A, Bauche A, Winzer R, Tolosa E, Windhorst S, Marry S, Flügel A, Potter BVL, Diercks BP, Guse AH. 2-Methoxyestradiol and its derivatives inhibit store-operated Ca 2+ entry in T cells: Identification of a new and potent inhibitor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118988. [PMID: 33581218 PMCID: PMC8062851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
T cell activation starts with formation of second messengers that release Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and thereby activate store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), one of the essential signals for T cell activation. Recently, the steroidal 2-methoxyestradiol was shown to inhibit nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). We therefore investigated 2-methoxyestradiol for inhibition of Ca2+ entry in T cells, screened a library of 2-methoxyestradiol analogues, and characterized the derivative 2-ethyl-3-sulfamoyloxy-17β-cyanomethylestra-1,3,5(10)-triene (STX564) as a novel, potent and specific SOCE inhibitor. STX564 inhibits Ca2+ entry via SOCE without affecting other ion channels and pumps involved in Ca2+ signaling in T cells. Downstream effects such as cytokine expression and cell proliferation were also inhibited by both 2-methoxyestradiol and STX564, which has potential as a new chemical biology tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Löhndorf
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leon Hosang
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dohle
- Drug Discovery & Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Odoardi
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sissy-Alina Waschkowski
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anette Rosche
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Bauche
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Riekje Winzer
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Windhorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen Marry
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Flügel
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Barry V L Potter
- Drug Discovery & Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Björn-Philipp Diercks
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Guse
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Floreani A, Okazaki K, Uchida K, Gershwin ME. IgG4-related disease: Changing epidemiology and new thoughts on a multisystem disease. J Transl Autoimmun 2020; 4:100074. [PMID: 33490938 PMCID: PMC7806798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2020.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) represents an immune-mediated fibroinflammatory condition with peculiar histopathologic changes that can affect various organs. In 2012 its unified nomenclature was published, which allows to abandon other synonymous names. Up to now, only little is known about its epidemiology around the world. However, although it is generally considered a rare condition, the number of patients with IgG4-RD is increasing enormously. Likewise, the annual number of publications on this subject has increased progressively. The spectrum of clinical manifestations in IgG4-RD is highly variable, depending on the severity of the disease as well as the presence of organ(s) involvement. This review gives an overview on changing epidemiology of IgG4-RD focusing the attention on the large cohorts of patients published in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarosa Floreani
- Scientific Consultant IRCCS Negrar, Verona, Italy
- Senior Scholar, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Kazuichi Okazaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazushige Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - M. Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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11
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ORAI1 and ORAI2 modulate murine neutrophil calcium signaling, cellular activation, and host defense. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24403-24414. [PMID: 32929002 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008032117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium signals are initiated in immune cells by the process of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), where receptor activation triggers transient calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum, followed by opening of plasma-membrane calcium-release activated calcium (CRAC) channels. ORAI1, ORAI2, and ORAI3 are known to comprise the CRAC channel; however, the contributions of individual isoforms to neutrophil function are not well understood. Here, we show that loss of ORAI1 partially decreases calcium influx, while loss of both ORAI1 and ORAI2 completely abolishes SOCE. In other immune-cell types, loss of ORAI2 enhances SOCE. In contrast, we find that ORAI2-deficient neutrophils display decreased calcium influx, which is correlated with measurable differences in the regulation of neutrophil membrane potential via KCa3.1. Decreased SOCE in ORAI1-, ORAI2-, and ORAI1/2-deficient neutrophils impairs multiple neutrophil functions, including phagocytosis, degranulation, leukotriene, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, rendering ORAI1/2-deficient mice highly susceptible to staphylococcal infection. This study demonstrates that ORAI1 and ORAI2 are the primary components of the neutrophil CRAC channel and identifies subpopulations of neutrophils where cell-membrane potential functions as a rheostat to modulate the SOCE response. These findings have implications for mechanisms that modulate neutrophil function during infection, acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, and cancer.
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12
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Jakakul C, Kanjanasirirat P, Muanprasat C. Development of a Cell-Based Assay for Identifying K Ca3.1 Inhibitors Using Intestinal Epithelial Cell Lines. SLAS DISCOVERY 2020; 26:439-449. [PMID: 32830616 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220950661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the KCa3.1 potassium channel has therapeutic potential in a variety of human diseases, including inflammation-associated disorders and cancers. However, KCa3.1 inhibitors with high therapeutic promise are currently not available. This study aimed to establish a screening assay for identifying inhibitors of KCa3.1 in native cells and from library compounds derived from natural products in Thailand. The screening platform was successfully developed based on a thallium flux assay in intestinal epithelial (T84) cells with a Z' factor of 0.52. The screening of 1352 compounds and functional validation using electrophysiological analyses identified 8 compounds as novel KCa3.1 inhibitors with IC50 values ranging from 0.14 to 6.57 µM. These results indicate that the assay developed is of excellent quality for high-throughput screening and capable of identifying KCa3.1 inhibitors. This assay may be useful in identifying novel KCa3.1 inhibitors that may have therapeutic potential for inflammation-associated disorders and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanon Jakakul
- Section for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phongthon Kanjanasirirat
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samutprakarn, Thailand
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13
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Hu T, Krejsgaard T, Nastasi C, Buus TB, Nansen A, Hald A, Spee P, Nielsen PR, Blümel E, Gluud M, Willerslev-Olsen A, Woetmann A, Bzorek M, Eriksen JO, Ødum N, Rahbek Gjerdrum LM. Expression of the Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel Kv1.3 in Lesional Skin from Patients with Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma and Benign Dermatitis. Dermatology 2019; 236:123-132. [PMID: 31536992 DOI: 10.1159/000502137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 (KCNA3) is expressed by effector memory T cells (TEM) and plays an important role in their activation and proliferation. Mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), was recently proposed to be a malignancy of skin-resident TEM. However, the expression of Kv1.3 in CTCL has not been investigated. OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine the expression of Kv1.3 in situ and in vitro in CTCL. METHODS The expression of Kv1.3 was examined by immunohistochemistry in skin lesions from 38 patients with MF, 4 patients with Sézary syndrome (SS), and 27 patients with benign dermatosis. In 4 malignant T-cell lines of CTCL (Myla2059, PB2B, SeAx, and Mac2a) and a non-malignant T-cell line (MyLa1850), the expression of Kv1.3 was determined by flow cytometry. The proliferation of those cell lines treated with various concentrations of Kv1.3 inhibitor ShK was measured by 3H-thymdine incorporation. RESULTS Half of the MF patients (19/38) displayed partial Kv1.3 expression including 1 patient with moderate Kv1.3 positivity, while the other half (19/38) exhibited Kv1.3 negativity. An almost identical distribution was observed in patients with benign conditions, that is, 44.4% (12/27) were partially positive for Kv1.3 including 1 patient with moderate Kv1.3 positivity, while 55.6% (15/27) were Kv1.3 negative. In contrast, 3 in 4 SS patients displayed partial Kv1.3 positivity including 2 patients with weak staining and 1 with moderate staining, while 1 in 4 SS patients was Kv1.3 negative. In addition, all malignant T-cell lines, and a non-malignant T-cell line, displayed low Kv1.3 surface expression with a similar pattern. Whereas 2 cell lines (PB2B and Mac2a) were sensitive to Kv1.3 blockade, the other 2 (Myla2059 and SeAx) were completely resistant. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first evidence of a heterogeneous Kv1.3 expression in situ in CTCL lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengpeng Hu
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorbjørn Krejsgaard
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudia Nastasi
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terkild Brink Buus
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anneline Nansen
- Department of in vivo Pharmacology, Zealand Pharma A/S, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Andreas Hald
- Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Pia Rude Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Edda Blümel
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Gluud
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Willerslev-Olsen
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Woetmann
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Bzorek
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jens O Eriksen
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Niels Ødum
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Hu T, Buus TB, Krejsgaard T, Nansen A, Lundholt BK, Spee P, Fredholm S, Petersen DL, Blümel E, Gluud M, Monteiro MN, Willerslev-Olsen A, Andersen MH, Straten PT, Met Ö, Stolearenco V, Fogh H, Gniadecki R, Nastasi C, Litman T, Woetmann A, Gjerdrum LMR, Ødum N. Expression and function of Kv1.3 channel in malignant T cells in Sézary syndrome. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4894-4906. [PMID: 31448055 PMCID: PMC6690676 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 (KCNA3) is expressed by a subset of chronically activated memory T cells and plays an important role in their activation and proliferation. Here, we show that primary malignant T cells isolated from patients with Sézary syndrome (SS) express Kv1.3 and are sensitive to potent Kv1.3 inhibitors ShK and Vm24, but not sensitive to a less potent inhibitor [N17A/F32T]-AnTx. Kv1.3 blockade inhibits CD3/CD28-induced proliferation and IL-9 expression by SS cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In parallel, CD3/CD28-mediated CD25 induction is inhibited, whereas Kv1.3 blockade has no effect on apoptosis or cell death as judged by Annexin V and PI staining. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence that malignant T cells in SS express functional Kv1.3 channels and that Kv1.3 blockade inhibits activation-induced proliferation as well as cytokine and cytokine receptor expression in malignant T cells, suggesting that Kv1.3 is a potential target for therapy in SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengpeng Hu
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terkild Brink Buus
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorbjørn Krejsgaard
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anneline Nansen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Zealand Pharma A/S, Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | | | - Simon Fredholm
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Leander Petersen
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edda Blümel
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Gluud
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Madalena N. Monteiro
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Willerslev-Olsen
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Hald Andersen
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per thor Straten
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Özcan Met
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veronica Stolearenco
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Fogh
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Gniadecki
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudia Nastasi
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Litman
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Woetmann
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Ødum
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Critical regulation of atherosclerosis by the KCa3.1 channel and the retargeting of this therapeutic target in in-stent neoatherosclerosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1219-1229. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ishikawa
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Center for Investigative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Applied Genetics, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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17
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Gain-of-Function Mutations in KCNN3 Encoding the Small-Conductance Ca 2+-Activated K + Channel SK3 Cause Zimmermann-Laband Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:1139-1157. [PMID: 31155282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Zimmermann-Laband syndrome (ZLS) is characterized by coarse facial features with gingival enlargement, intellectual disability (ID), hypertrichosis, and hypoplasia or aplasia of nails and terminal phalanges. De novo missense mutations in KCNH1 and KCNK4, encoding K+ channels, have been identified in subjects with ZLS and ZLS-like phenotype, respectively. We report de novo missense variants in KCNN3 in three individuals with typical clinical features of ZLS. KCNN3 (SK3/KCa2.3) constitutes one of three members of the small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels that are part of a multiprotein complex consisting of the pore-forming channel subunits, the constitutively bound Ca2+ sensor calmodulin, protein kinase CK2, and protein phosphatase 2A. CK2 modulates Ca2+ sensitivity of the channels by phosphorylating SK-bound calmodulin. Patch-clamp whole-cell recordings of KCNN3 channel-expressing CHO cells demonstrated that disease-associated mutations result in gain of function of the mutant channels, characterized by increased Ca2+ sensitivity leading to faster and more complete activation of KCNN3 mutant channels. Pretreatment of cells with the CK2 inhibitor 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole revealed basal inhibition of wild-type and mutant KCNN3 channels by CK2. Analogous experiments with the KCNN3 p.Val450Leu mutant previously identified in a family with portal hypertension indicated basal constitutive channel activity and thus a different gain-of-function mechanism compared to the ZLS-associated mutant channels. With the report on de novo KCNK4 mutations in subjects with facial dysmorphism, hypertrichosis, epilepsy, ID, and gingival overgrowth, we propose to combine the phenotypes caused by mutations in KCNH1, KCNK4, and KCNN3 in a group of neurological potassium channelopathies caused by an increase in K+ conductance.
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18
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Immler R, Simon SI, Sperandio M. Calcium signalling and related ion channels in neutrophil recruitment and function. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48 Suppl 2:e12964. [PMID: 29873837 PMCID: PMC6221920 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The recruitment of neutrophils to sites of inflammation, their battle against invading microorganisms through phagocytosis and the release of antimicrobial agents is a highly coordinated and tightly regulated process that involves the interplay of many different receptors, ion channels and signalling pathways. Changes in intracellular calcium levels, caused by cytosolic Ca2+ store depletion and the influx of extracellular Ca2+ via ion channels, play a critical role in synchronizing neutrophil activation and function. In this review, we provide an overview of how Ca2+ signalling is initiated in neutrophils and how changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels modulate neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Immler
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Scott I. Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
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19
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Xie H, Lu J, Zhu Y, Meng X, Wang R. The KCa3.1 blocker TRAM-34 inhibits proliferation of fibroblasts in paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:408-415. [PMID: 30036685 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
KCa3.1, a Ca2+-activated K+ channel, plays an important role in modulating calcium signaling and maintaining membrane potential during cell activation. It has been reported to promote fibroblast function in many fibrotic diseases. However, the role of KCa3.1 in the pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis after paraquat (PQ) poisoning has not been studied. A rat model of PQ poisoning was used. After treatment with TRAM-34, which is a highly selective KCa3.1 blocker, the expression of KCa3.1, TGF-β1 and α-SMA were evaluated via Western blot, histology and other assays. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) marking and MTT assay were used to measure primary rat pulmonary fibroblast proliferation. The results showed that KCa3.1 expression was elevated after PQ poisoning. Blockade of KCa3.1 alleviated PQ-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Blockade of KCa3.1 also attenuated the level of collagen I and α-SMA and the proliferation of fibroblasts. However, TGF-β1 expression remained unaffected by blockade of KCa3.1 in rat lung tissues after PQ poisoning. The present study suggests that KCa3.1 expression increased and might promote pulmonary fibroblast proliferation in PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, we confirmed that TRAM-34 attenuates proliferation and collagen secretion of fibroblasts. Our findings indicated that TRAM-34 might inhibit PQ-induced proliferation of pulmonary fibroblasts and prevent progression of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ruilan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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20
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Valle-Reyes S, Valencia-Cruz G, Liñan-Rico L, Pottosin I, Dobrovinskaya O. Differential Activity of Voltage- and Ca 2+-Dependent Potassium Channels in Leukemic T Cell Lines: Jurkat Cells Represent an Exceptional Case. Front Physiol 2018; 9:499. [PMID: 29867547 PMCID: PMC5954129 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of resting T cells relies on sustained Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane, which in turn depends on the functional expression of potassium channels, whose activity repolarizes the membrane potential. Depending on the T-cells subset, upon activation the expression of Ca2+- or voltage-activated K+ channels, KCa or Kv, is up-regulated. In this study, by means of patch-clamp technique in the whole cell mode, we have studied in detail the characteristics of Kv and KCa currents in resting and activated human T cells, the only well explored human T-leukemic cell line Jurkat, and two additional human leukemic T cell lines, CEM and MOLT-3. Voltage dependence of activation and inactivation of Kv1.3 current were shifted up to by 15 mV to more negative potentials upon a prolonged incubation in the whole cell mode and displayed little difference at a stable state in all cell lines but CEM, where the activation curve was biphasic, with a high and low potential components. In Jurkat, KCa currents were dominated by apamine-sensitive KCa2.2 channels, whereas only KCa3.1 current was detected in healthy T and leukemic CEM and MOLT-3 cells. Despite a high proliferation potential of Jurkat cells, Kv and KCa currents were unexpectedly small, more than 10-fold lesser as compared to activated healthy human T cells, CEM and MOLT-3, which displayed characteristic Kv1.3high:KCa3.1high phenotype. Our results suggest that Jurkat cells represent perhaps a singular case and call for more extensive studies on primary leukemic T cell lines as well as a verification of the therapeutic potential of specific KCa3.1 blockers to combat acute lymphoblastic T leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Valle-Reyes
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Georgina Valencia-Cruz
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Liliana Liñan-Rico
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Igor Pottosin
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Oxana Dobrovinskaya
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
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21
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Mathew John C, Khaddaj Mallat R, George G, Kim T, Mishra RC, Braun AP. Pharmacologic targeting of endothelial Ca 2+-activated K + channels: A strategy to improve cardiovascular function. Channels (Austin) 2018; 12:126-136. [PMID: 29577810 PMCID: PMC5972810 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2018.1454814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial small and intermediate-conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCa2.3 and KCa3.1, respectively) play an important role in the regulation of vascular function and systemic blood pressure. Growing evidence indicates that they are intimately involved in agonist-evoked vasodilation of small resistance arteries throughout the circulation. Small molecule activators of KCa2.x and 3.1 channels, such as SKA-31, can acutely inhibit myogenic tone in isolated resistance arteries, induce effective vasodilation in intact vascular beds, such as the coronary circulation, and acutely decrease systemic blood pressure in vivo. The blood pressure-lowering effect of SKA-31, and early indications of improvement in endothelial dysfunction suggest that endothelial KCa channel activators could eventually be developed into a new class of endothelial targeted agents to combat hypertension or atherosclerosis. This review summarises recent insights into the activation of endothelial Ca2+ activated K+ channels in various vascular beds, and how tools, such as SKA-31, may be beneficial in disease-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cini Mathew John
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rayan Khaddaj Mallat
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Grace George
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Taeyeob Kim
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ramesh C. Mishra
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew P. Braun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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22
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Nam YW, Orfali R, Liu T, Yu K, Cui M, Wulff H, Zhang M. Structural insights into the potency of SK channel positive modulators. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17178. [PMID: 29214998 PMCID: PMC5719431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels play essential roles in the regulation of cellular excitability and have been implicated in neurological and cardiovascular diseases through both animal model studies and human genetic association studies. Over the past two decades, positive modulators of SK channels such as NS309 and 1-EBIO have been developed. Our previous structural studies have identified the binding pocket of 1-EBIO and NS309 that is located at the interface between the channel and calmodulin. In this study, we took advantage of four compounds with potencies varying over three orders of magnitude, including 1-EBIO, NS309, SKS-11 (6-bromo-5-methyl-1H-indole-2,3-dione-3-oxime) and SKS-14 (7-fluoro-3-(hydroxyimino)indolin-2-one). A combination of x-ray crystallographic, computational and electrophysiological approaches was utilized to investigate the interactions between the positive modulators and their binding pocket. A strong trend exists between the interaction energy of the compounds within their binding site calculated from the crystal structures, and the potency of these compounds in potentiating the SK2 channel current determined by electrophysiological recordings. Our results further reveal that the difference in potency of the positive modulators in potentiating SK2 channel activity may be attributed primarily to specific electrostatic interactions between the modulators and their binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Woo Nam
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Structural Biology Research Center, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Razan Orfali
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Structural Biology Research Center, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kunqian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University School of Pharmacy, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Structural Biology Research Center, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
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23
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Uzhachenko R, Shanker A, Dupont G. Computational properties of mitochondria in T cell activation and fate. Open Biol 2017; 6:rsob.160192. [PMID: 27852805 PMCID: PMC5133440 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we review how mitochondrial Ca2+ transport (mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and Na+/Ca2+ exchange) is involved in T cell biology, including activation and differentiation through shaping cellular Ca2+ signals. Based on recent observations, we propose that the Ca2+ crosstalk between mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm may form a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller. This PID mechanism (which is well known in engineering) could be responsible for computing cellular decisions. In addition, we point out the importance of analogue and digital signal processing in T cell life and implication of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Uzhachenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA .,Host-Tumor Interactions Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, and the Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Geneviève Dupont
- Unité de Chronobiologie Théorique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP231, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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24
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Liu L, Zhan P, Nie D, Fan L, Lin H, Gao L, Mao X. Intermediate-Conductance-Ca2-Activated K Channel IKCa1 Is Upregulated and Promotes Cell Proliferation in Cervical Cancer. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2017; 23:45-57. [PMID: 28280257 PMCID: PMC5358865 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.901462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating data point to intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (IKCa1) as a key player in controlling cell cycle progression and proliferation of human cancer cells. However, the role that IKCa1 plays in the growth of human cervical cancer cells is largely unexplored. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemical staining, and RT-PCR were first used for IKCa1protein and gene expression assays in cervical cancer tissues and HeLa cells. Then, IKCa1 channel blocker and siRNA were employed to inhibit the functionality of IKCa1 and downregulate gene expression in HeLa cells, respectively. After these treatments, we examined the level of cell proliferation by MTT method and measured IKCa1 currents by conventional whole-cell patch clamp technique. Cell apoptosis was assessed using the Annexin V-FITC/Propidium Iodide (PI) double-staining apoptosis detection kit. RESULTS We demonstrated that IKCa1 mRNA and protein are preferentially expressed in cervical cancer tissues and HeLa cells. We also showed that the IKCa1 channel blocker, clotrimazole, and IKCa1 channel siRNA can be used to suppress cervical cancer cell proliferation and decrease IKCa1 channel current. IKCa1 downregulation by specific siRNAs induced a significant increase in the proportion of apoptotic cells in HeLa cells. CONCLUSIONS IKCa1 is overexpressed in cervical cancer tissues, and IKCa1 upregulation in cervical cancer cell linea enhances cell proliferation, partly by reducing the proportion of apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiguang Mao
- Corresponding Authors: Xiguang Mao, e-mail: ; Lanyang Gao, e-mail:
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Valverde P, Kawai T, Taubman MA. Potassium Channel-blockers as Therapeutic Agents to Interfere with Bone Resorption of Periodontal Disease. J Dent Res 2016; 84:488-99. [PMID: 15914584 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508400603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory lesions of periodontal disease contain all the cellular components, including abundant activated/memory T- and B-cells, necessary to control immunological interactive networks and to accelerate bone resorption by RANKL-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Blockade of RANKL function has been shown to ameliorate periodontal bone resorption and other osteopenic disorders without affecting inflammation. Development of therapies aimed at decreasing the expression of RANKL and pro-inflammatory cytokines by T-cells constitutes a promising strategy to ameliorate not only bone resorption, but also inflammation. Several reports have demonstrated that the potassium channels Kv1.3 and IKCa1, through the use of selective blockers, play important roles in T-cell-mediated events, including T-cell proliferation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. More recently, a potassium channel-blocker for Kv1.3 has been shown to down-regulate bone resorption by decreasing the ratio of RANKL-to-OPG expression by memory-activated T-cells. In this article, we first summarize the mechanisms by which chronically activated/memory T-cells, in concert with B-cells and macrophages, trigger inflammatory bone resorption. Then, we describe the main structural and functional characteristics of potassium channels Kv1.3 and IKCa1 in some of the cells implicated in periodontal disease progression. Finally, this review elucidates some recent advances in the use of potassium channel-blockers of Kv1.3 and IKCa1 to ameliorate the clinical signs or side-effects of several immunological disorders and to decrease inflammatory bone resorption in periodontal disease. ABBREVIATIONS: AICD, activation-induced cell death; APC, antigen-presenting cells; B(K), large conductance; CRAC, calcium release-activated calcium channels; DC, dendritic cell; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; IP3, inositol (1,4,5)-triphosphate; (K)ir, inward rectifier; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; I(K), intermediate conductance; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; L, ligand; MCSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; NFAT, nuclear factor of activated T-cells; RANK, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB; TCM, central memory T-cells; TEM, effector memory T-cells; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; OPG, osteoprotegerin; Omp29, 29-kDa outer membrane protein; PKC, protein kinase C; PLC, phospholipase C; RT-PCR, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain-reaction; S(K), small conductance; TCR, T-cell receptor; and (K)v, voltage-gated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Valverde
- Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, One Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play a central role in tissue homoeostasis, sensing the local environment through numerous innate cell surface receptors. This enables them to respond rapidly to perceived tissue insults with a view to initiating a co-ordinated programme of inflammation and repair. However, when the tissue insult is chronic, the ongoing release of multiple pro-inflammatory mediators, proteases, cytokines and chemokines leads to tissue damage and remodelling. In asthma, there is strong evidence of ongoing MC activation, and their mediators and cell-cell signals are capable of regulating many facets of asthma pathophysiology. This article reviews the evidence behind this.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bradding
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - G Arthur
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Crottès D, Félix R, Meley D, Chadet S, Herr F, Audiger C, Soriani O, Vandier C, Roger S, Angoulvant D, Velge-Roussel F. Immature human dendritic cells enhance their migration through KCa3.1 channel activation. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:198-207. [PMID: 27020659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Migration capacity is essential for dendritic cells (DCs) to present antigen to T cells for the induction of immune response. The DC migration is supposed to be a calcium-dependent process, while not fully understood. Here, we report a role of the KCa3.1/IK1/SK4 channels in the migration capacity of both immature (iDC) and mature (mDC) human CD14(+)-derived DCs. KCa3.1 channels were shown to control the membrane potential of human DC and the Ca(2+) entry, which is directly related to migration capacities. The expression of migration marker such as CCR5 and CCR7 was modified in both types of DCs by TRAM-34 (100nM). But, only the migration of iDC was decreased by use of both TRAM-34 and KCa3.1 siRNA. Confocal analyses showed a close localization of CCR5 with KCa3.1 in the steady state of iDC. Finally, the implication of KCa3.1 seems to be limited to the migration capacities as T cell activation of DCs appeared unchanged. Altogether, these results demonstrated that KCa3.1 channels have a pro-migratory effect on iDC migration. Our findings suggest that KCa3.1 in human iDC play a major role in their migration and constitute an attractive target for the cell therapy optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crottès
- EA 4245Cellules Dendritiques, Immuno-modulation et Greffes, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, UFR de Médecine, 10 Bd Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Romain Félix
- EA 4245Cellules Dendritiques, Immuno-modulation et Greffes, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, UFR de Médecine, 10 Bd Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Daniel Meley
- EA 4245Cellules Dendritiques, Immuno-modulation et Greffes, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, UFR de Médecine, 10 Bd Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Stéphanie Chadet
- EA 4245Cellules Dendritiques, Immuno-modulation et Greffes, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, UFR de Médecine, 10 Bd Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Florence Herr
- EA 4245Cellules Dendritiques, Immuno-modulation et Greffes, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, UFR de Médecine, 10 Bd Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Cindy Audiger
- EA 4245Cellules Dendritiques, Immuno-modulation et Greffes, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, UFR de Médecine, 10 Bd Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Olivier Soriani
- Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), CNRS UMR7277, Inserm U1091, UNS 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Christophe Vandier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1069, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, 10 Bd Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Roger
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1069, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, 10 Bd Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Denis Angoulvant
- EA 4245Cellules Dendritiques, Immuno-modulation et Greffes, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, UFR de Médecine, 10 Bd Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France; Service de cardiologie, CHRU de Tours, 2 Bd Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Florence Velge-Roussel
- EA 4245Cellules Dendritiques, Immuno-modulation et Greffes, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, UFR de Médecine, 10 Bd Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France; UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Av Monge, F-37000 Tours, France.
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Bezrukov SM, Nestorovich EM. Inhibiting bacterial toxins by channel blockage. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftv113. [PMID: 26656888 PMCID: PMC4830228 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergent rational drug design techniques explore individual properties of target biomolecules, small and macromolecule drug candidates, and the physical forces governing their interactions. In this minireview, we focus on the single-molecule biophysical studies of channel-forming bacterial toxins that suggest new approaches for their inhibition. We discuss several examples of blockage of bacterial pore-forming and AB-type toxins by the tailor-made compounds. In the concluding remarks, the most effective rationally designed pore-blocking antitoxins are compared with the small-molecule inhibitors of ion-selective channels of neurophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey M Bezrukov
- Program in Physical Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Choi JY, Shin MY, Suh SH, Park S. Lyso-globotriaosylceramide downregulates KCa3.1 channel expression to inhibit collagen synthesis in fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:883-8. [PMID: 26592662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder that is caused by a deficiency of α-galactosidase A. The disease ultimately manifests as multiple organ dysfunctions owing to excessive accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). Among the several complications of Fabry disease, ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm is relatively common, which is classically associated with connective tissue disorders characterized by abnormal defects or deficiencies in structural proteins such as collagen and elastin. Although an elevated Gb3 level is regarded as a prerequisite for the manifestations of Fabry disease, only this excess accumulation cannot explain the pathophysiology of these complications. Recently, an increased plasma level of lyso-Gb3 was suggested as a new biomarker in Fabry disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of lyso-Gb3 on the pathogenesis of thoracic ascending aortic aneurysms in Fabry disease, with a particular focus on the responses related to aortic remodeling by fibroblasts. We found that lyso-Gb3 inhibited the growth of fibroblasts, as well as their differentiation into myofibroblasts, and collagen expression. Moreover, all of these compromised responses could be attributed to the effects of lyso-Gb3 on downregulation of KCa3.1 channel expression, and these impairments could be rescued when activating the KCa3.1 channel or increasing intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. This study provides new evidence that lyso-Gb3 inhibits the differentiation into myofibroblasts and collagen synthesis of fibroblasts owing to decreased Ca(2+) levels by KCa3.1 channel dysfunction. These findings suggest that the KCa3.1 channel can serve as a new target to attenuate and prevent development of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm in Fabry disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yeon Choi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Young Shin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Hyo Suh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghee Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Rabjerg M, Oliván-Viguera A, Hansen LK, Jensen L, Sevelsted-Møller L, Walter S, Jensen BL, Marcussen N, Köhler R. High expression of KCa3.1 in patients with clear cell renal carcinoma predicts high metastatic risk and poor survival. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122992. [PMID: 25848765 PMCID: PMC4388734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ca2+-activated K+ channels have been implicated in cancer cell growth, metastasis, and tumor angiogenesis. Here we hypothesized that high mRNA and protein expression of the intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel, KCa3.1, is a molecular marker of clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) and metastatic potential and survival. Methodology/Principal Findings We analyzed channel expression by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and patch-clamp in ccRCC and benign oncocytoma specimens, in primary ccRCC and oncocytoma cell lines, as well as in two ccRCC cell lines (Caki-1 and Caki-2). CcRCC specimens contained 12-fold higher mRNA levels of KCa3.1 than oncocytoma specimens. The large-conductance channel, KCa1.1, was 3-fold more highly expressed in ccRCC than in oncocytoma. KCa3.1 mRNA expression in ccRCC was 2-fold higher than in the healthy cortex of the same kidney. Disease specific survival trended towards reduction in the subgroup of high-KCa3.1-expressing tumors (p<0.08 vs. low-KCa3.1-expressing tumors). Progression-free survival (time to metastasis/recurrence) was reduced significantly in the subgroup of high-KCa3.1-expressing tumors (p<0.02, vs. low-KCa3.1-expressing tumors). Immunohistochemistry revealed high protein expression of KCa3.1 in tumor vessels of ccRCC and oncocytoma and in a subset of ccRCC cells. Oncocytoma cells were devoid of KCa3.1 protein. In a primary ccRCC cell line and Caki-1/2-ccRCC cells, we found KCa3.1-protein as well as TRAM-34-sensitive KCa3.1-currents in a subset of cells. Furthermore, Caki-1/2-ccRCC cells displayed functional Paxilline-sensitive KCa1.1 currents. Neither KCa3.1 nor KCa1.1 were found in a primary oncocytoma cell line. Yet KCa-blockers, like TRAM-34 (KCa3.1) and Paxilline (KCa1.1), had no appreciable effects on Caki-1 proliferation in-vitro. Conclusions/Significance Our study demonstrated expression of KCa3.1 in ccRCC but not in benign oncocytoma. Moreover, high KCa3.1-mRNA expression levels were indicative of low disease specific survival of ccRCC patients, short progression-free survival, and a high metastatic potential. Therefore, KCa3.1 is of prognostic value in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj Rabjerg
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Lars Koch Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Line Jensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Linda Sevelsted-Møller
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Steen Walter
- Department of Urology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Boye L. Jensen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Niels Marcussen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Ralf Köhler
- Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y Desarrollo (ARAID), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Roach KM, Feghali-Bostwick C, Wulff H, Amrani Y, Bradding P. Human lung myofibroblast TGFβ1-dependent Smad2/3 signalling is Ca(2+)-dependent and regulated by KCa3.1 K(+) channels. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2015; 8:5. [PMID: 25829947 PMCID: PMC4379608 DOI: 10.1186/s13069-015-0022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common and invariably lethal interstitial lung disease with poorly effective therapy. Blockade of the K(+) channel KCa3.1 reduces constitutive α-SMA and Smad2/3 nuclear translocation in IPF-derived human lung myofibroblasts (HLMFs), and inhibits several transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1)-dependent cell processes. We hypothesized that KCa3.1-dependent cell processes also regulate the TGFβ1-dependent Smad2/3 signalling pathway in HLMFs. HLMFs obtained from non-fibrotic controls (NFC) and IPF lungs were grown in vitro and examined for αSMA expression by immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, and flow cytometry. Two specific and distinct KCa3.1 blockers (TRAM-34 200 nM and ICA-17043 [Senicapoc] 100 nM) were used to determine their effects on TGFβ1-dependent signalling. Expression of phosphorylated and total Smad2/3 following TGFβ1 stimulation was determined by Western blot and Smad2/3 nuclear translocation by immunofluorescence. RESULTS KCa3.1 block attenuated TGFβ1-dependent Smad2/3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, and this was mimicked by lowering the extracellular Ca(2+) concentration. KCa3.1 block also inhibited Smad2/3-dependent gene transcription (αSMA, collagen type I), inhibited KCa3.1 mRNA expression, and attenuated TGFβ1-dependent αSMA protein expression. CONCLUSIONS KCa3.1 activity regulates TGFβ1-dependent effects in NFC- and IPF-derived primary HLMFs through the regulation of the TGFβ1/Smad signalling pathway, with promotion of downstream gene transcription and protein expression. KCa3.1 blockers may offer a novel approach to treating IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy M Roach
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP UK
| | - Carol Feghali-Bostwick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Yassine Amrani
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP UK
| | - Peter Bradding
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP UK
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Placing ion channels into a signaling network of T cells: from maturing thymocytes to healthy T lymphocytes or leukemic T lymphoblasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:750203. [PMID: 25866806 PMCID: PMC4383400 DOI: 10.1155/2015/750203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
T leukemogenesis is a multistep process, where the genetic errors during T cell maturation cause the healthy progenitor to convert into the leukemic precursor that lost its ability to differentiate but possesses high potential for proliferation, self-renewal, and migration. A new misdirecting "leukemogenic" signaling network appears, composed by three types of participants which are encoded by (1) genes implicated in determined stages of T cell development but deregulated by translocations or mutations, (2) genes which normally do not participate in T cell development but are upregulated, and (3) nondifferentially expressed genes which become highly interconnected with genes expressed differentially. It appears that each of three groups may contain genes coding ion channels. In T cells, ion channels are implicated in regulation of cell cycle progression, differentiation, activation, migration, and cell death. In the present review we are going to reveal a relationship between different genetic defects, which drive the T cell neoplasias, with calcium signaling and ion channels. We suggest that changes in regulation of various ion channels in different types of the T leukemias may provide the intracellular ion microenvironment favorable to maintain self-renewal capacity, arrest differentiation, induce proliferation, and enhance motility.
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SK channels and ventricular arrhythmias in heart failure. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2015; 25:508-14. [PMID: 25743622 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (SK) currents are important in the repolarization of normal atrial (but not ventricular) cardiomyocytes. However, recent studies showed that the SK currents are upregulated in failing ventricular cardiomyocytes, along with increased SK channel protein expression and enhanced sensitivity to intracellular Ca(2+). The SK channel activation may be either anti-arrhythmic or pro-arrhythmic, depending on the underlying clinical situations. While the SK channel is a new target of anti-arrhythmic therapy, drug safety is still one of the major concerns.
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Abstract
Ion channels and transporters mediate the transport of charged ions across hydrophobic lipid membranes. In immune cells, divalent cations such as calcium, magnesium, and zinc have important roles as second messengers to regulate intracellular signaling pathways. By contrast, monovalent cations such as sodium and potassium mainly regulate the membrane potential, which indirectly controls the influx of calcium and immune cell signaling. Studies investigating human patients with mutations in ion channels and transporters, analysis of gene-targeted mice, or pharmacological experiments with ion channel inhibitors have revealed important roles of ionic signals in lymphocyte development and in innate and adaptive immune responses. We here review the mechanisms underlying the function of ion channels and transporters in lymphocytes and innate immune cells and discuss their roles in lymphocyte development, adaptive and innate immune responses, and autoimmunity, as well as recent efforts to develop pharmacological inhibitors of ion channels for immunomodulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Edward Y. Skolnik
- Division of Nephrology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
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Badarau E, Dilly S, Wouters J, Seutin V, Liégeois JF. Chemical modifications of the N -methyl-laudanosine scaffold point to new directions for SK channels exploration. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5616-5620. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Marquèze-Pouey B, Mailfert S, Rouger V, Goaillard JM, Marguet D. Physiological epidermal growth factor concentrations activate high affinity receptors to elicit calcium oscillations. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106803. [PMID: 25265278 PMCID: PMC4179260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling mediated by the epidermal growth factor (EGF) is crucial in tissue development, homeostasis and tumorigenesis. EGF is mitogenic at picomolar concentrations and is known to bind its receptor on high affinity binding sites depending of the oligomerization state of the receptor (monomer or dimer). In spite of these observations, the cellular response induced by EGF has been mainly characterized for nanomolar concentrations of the growth factor, and a clear definition of the cellular response to circulating (picomolar) concentrations is still lacking. We investigated Ca2+ signaling, an early event in EGF responses, in response to picomolar doses in COS-7 cells where the monomer/dimer equilibrium is unaltered by the synthesis of exogenous EGFR. Using the fluo5F Ca2+ indicator, we found that picomolar concentrations of EGF induced in 50% of the cells a robust oscillatory Ca2+ signal quantitatively similar to the Ca2+ signal induced by nanomolar concentrations. However, responses to nanomolar and picomolar concentrations differed in their underlying mechanisms as the picomolar EGF response involved essentially plasma membrane Ca2+ channels that are not activated by internal Ca2+ store depletion, while the nanomolar EGF response involved internal Ca2+ release. Moreover, while the picomolar EGF response was modulated by charybdotoxin-sensitive K+ channels, the nanomolar response was insensitive to the blockade of these ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Marquèze-Pouey
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UM2 Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7280, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Sébastien Mailfert
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UM2 Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Rouger
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UM2 Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Goaillard
- INSERM, UMR_S 1072, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UNIS, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Marguet
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UM2 Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7280, Marseille, France
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Potassium currents inhibition by gambierol analogs prevents human T lymphocyte activation. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:1119-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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38
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Ohya S, Fukuyo Y, Kito H, Shibaoka R, Matsui M, Niguma H, Maeda Y, Yamamura H, Fujii M, Kimura K, Imaizumi Y. Upregulation of KCa3.1 K(+) channel in mesenteric lymph node CD4(+) T lymphocytes from a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 306:G873-85. [PMID: 24674776 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00156.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The intermediate-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel KCa3.1/KCNN4 plays an important role in the modulation of Ca(2+) signaling through the control of the membrane potential in T lymphocytes. Here, we study the involvement of KCa3.1 in the enlargement of the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The mouse model of IBD was prepared by exposing male C57BL/6J mice to 5% dextran sulfate sodium for 7 days. Inflammation-induced changes in KCa3.1 activity and the expressions of KCa3.1 and its regulators in MLN CD4(+) T lymphocytes were monitored by real-time PCR, Western blot, voltage-sensitive dye imaging, patch-clamp, and flow cytometric analyses. Concomitant with an upregulation of KCa3.1a and nucleoside diphosphate kinase B (NDPK-B), a positive KCa3.1 regulator, an increase in KCa3.1 activity was observed in MLN CD4(+) T lymphocytes in the IBD model. Pharmacological blockade of KCa3.1 elicited the following results: 1) a significant decrease in IBD disease severity, as assessed by diarrhea, visible fecal blood, inflammation, and crypt damage of the colon and MLN enlargement compared with control mice, and 2) the restoration of the expression levels of KCa3.1a, NDPK-B, and Th1 cytokines in IBD model MLN CD4(+) T lymphocytes. These findings suggest that the increase in KCa3.1 activity induced by the upregulation of KCa3.1a and NDPK-B may be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD by mediating the enhancement of the proliferative response in MLN CD4(+) T lymphocyte and, therefore, that the pharmacological blockade of KCa3.1 may decrease the risk of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ohya
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan;
| | - Yuka Fukuyo
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kito
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rina Shibaoka
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miki Matsui
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Niguma
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Maeda
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan; and
| | - Hisao Yamamura
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masanori Fujii
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kimura
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan; and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuji Imaizumi
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Ramírez-Cordero B, Toledano Y, Cano-Sánchez P, Hernández-López R, Flores-Solis D, Saucedo-Yáñez AL, Chávez-Uribe I, Brieba LG, del Río-Portilla F. Cytotoxicity of recombinant tamapin and related toxin-like peptides on model cell lines. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:960-7. [PMID: 24821061 DOI: 10.1021/tx4004193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The scorpion toxin tamapin displays the most potent and selective blockage against KCa2.2 channels known to date. In this work, we report the biosynthesis, three-dimensional structure, and cytotoxicity on cancer cell lines (Jurkat E6-1 and human mammary breast cancer MDA-MB-231) of recombinant tamapin and five related peptides bearing mutations on residues (R6A,R7A, R13A, R6A-R7A, and GS-tamapin) that were previously suggested to be important for tamapin's activity. The indicated cell lines were used as they constitutively express KCa2.2 channels. The studied toxin-like peptides displayed lethal responses on Jurkat T cells and breast cancer cells; their effect is dose- and time-dependent with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. The order of potency is r-tamapin>GS-tamapin>R6A>R13A>R6A-R7A>R7A for Jurkat T cells and r-tamapin>R7A for MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Our structural determination by NMR demonstrated that r-tamapin preserves the folding of the αKTx5 subfamily and that neither single nor double alanine mutations affect the three-dimensional structure of the wild-type peptide. In contrast, our activity assays show that changes in cytotoxicity are related to the chemical nature of certain residues. Our results suggest that the toxic activity of r-tamapin on Jurkat and breast cancer cells could be mediated by the interaction of charged residues in tamapin with KCa2.2 channels via the apoptotic cell death pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Ramírez-Cordero
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior s/n, México, D.F. 04510, México
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40
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Xu H, Lai W, Zhang Y, Liu L, Luo X, Zeng Y, Wu H, Lan Q, Chu Z. Tumor-associated macrophage-derived IL-6 and IL-8 enhance invasive activity of LoVo cells induced by PRL-3 in a KCNN4 channel-dependent manner. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:330. [PMID: 24885636 PMCID: PMC4024187 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are known to promote cancer progression and metastasis through the release of a variety of cytokines. Phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL-3) has been considered as a marker of colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis. Our previous research suggests that PRL-3 can enhance the metastasis of CRC through the up-regulation of intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (KCNN4) channel, which is dependent on the autocrine secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). However, whether TAMs participate in the progression and metastasis of CRC induced by PRL-3 remains unknown. Methods We used flow cytometry, coculture, western blotting, invasion assays, real-time quantitative PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assays, and immunofluorescence staining to determine the effect of TAMs on the ability of PRL-3 to promote invasiveness of CRC cells. Results In this study, we found that TAMs facilitated the metastasis of CRC induced by PRL-3. When TAMs were cocultured with CRC cells, the expression of KCNN4 was increased in TAMs and the invasion of CRC cells was enhanced. Furthermore, cytokines that were secreted by TAMs, such as IL-6 and IL-8, were also significantly increased. This response was attenuated by treating TAMs with the KCNN4 channel-specific inhibitor, 1-[(2-chlorophenyl) diphenylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole (TRAM-34), which suggested that KCNN4 channels may be involved in inducing the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 by TAMs and improving CRC cell invasiveness. Moreover, the expression of KCNN4 channels in TAMs was regulated through the NF-κB signal pathway, which is activated by TNF-α from CRC cells. Immunofluorescence analysis of colorectal specimens indicated that IL-6 and IL-8 double positive cells in the stroma showed positive staining for the TAM marker CD68, suggesting that TAMs produce IL-6 and IL-8. Increased numbers of these cells correlated with higher clinical stage. Conclusions Our findings suggested that TAMs participate in the metastasis of CRC induced by PRL-3 through the TNF-α mediated secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 in a paracrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhonghua Chu
- Department of Gastroenteropancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P,R, China.
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Schattling B, Eggert B, Friese MA. Acquired channelopathies as contributors to development and progression of multiple sclerosis. Exp Neurol 2014; 262 Pt A:28-36. [PMID: 24656770 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), the most frequent inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), affects about two and a half million individuals worldwide and causes major burdens to the patients, which develop the disease usually at the age of 20 to 40. MS is likely referable to a breakdown of immune cell tolerance to CNS self-antigens resulting in focal immune cell infiltration, activation of microglia and astrocytes, demyelination and axonal and neuronal loss. Here we discuss how altered expression patterns and dysregulated functions of ion channels contribute on a molecular level to nearly all pathophysiological steps of the disease. In particular the detrimental redistribution of ion channels along axons, as well as neuronal excitotoxicity with regard to imbalanced glutamate homeostasis during chronic CNS inflammation will be discussed in detail. Together, we describe which ion channels in the immune and nervous system commend as attractive future drugable targets in MS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schattling
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Britta Eggert
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany.
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Butler MS, Towerzey L, Pham NB, Hyde E, Wadi SK, Guymer GP, Quinn RJ. Cardenolide glycosides from Elaeodendron australe var. integrifolium. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 98:160-163. [PMID: 24361289 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracts from dried leaf and stems of Elaeodendron australe var. integrifolium (Celastraceae) collected in South East Queensland, Australia, were active in an assay that measured Ca(2+) driven expression of IL-2/luciferase designed to identify inhibitors of the ICRAC channel. Bioassay-guided isolation using C18 and polyamide column chromatography, HPLC (Phenyl and C18) and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) led to the isolation of digitoxigenin (1) and three cardenolide glycosides, glucoside 2, quinovoside 3 and the new natural product xyloside 4, as the active components with low nM activity in the reporter assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Butler
- Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Leanne Towerzey
- Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Ngoc B Pham
- Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Edward Hyde
- Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Sao Khemar Wadi
- Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Gordon P Guymer
- Queensland Herbarium, Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts, Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ronald J Quinn
- Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
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Roach KM, Duffy SM, Coward W, Feghali-Bostwick C, Wulff H, Bradding P. The K+ channel KCa3.1 as a novel target for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85244. [PMID: 24392001 PMCID: PMC3877378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common, progressive and invariably lethal interstitial lung disease with no effective therapy. We hypothesised that KCa3.1 K+ channel-dependent cell processes contribute to IPF pathophysiology. Methods KCa3.1 expression in primary human lung myofibroblasts was examined using RT-PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence and patch-clamp electrophysiology. The role of KCa3.1 channels in myofibroblast proliferation, wound healing, collagen secretion and contraction was examined using two specific and distinct KCa3.1 blockers (TRAM-34 and ICA-17043 [Senicapoc]). Results Both healthy non fibrotic control and IPF-derived human lung myofibroblasts expressed KCa3.1 channel mRNA and protein. KCa3.1 ion currents were elicited more frequently and were larger in IPF-derived myofibroblasts compared to controls. KCa3.1 currents were increased in myofibroblasts by TGFβ1 and basic FGF. KCa3.1 was expressed strongly in IPF tissue. KCa3.1 pharmacological blockade attenuated human myofibroblast proliferation, wound healing, collagen secretion and contractility invitro, and this was associated with inhibition of TGFβ1-dependent increases in intracellular free Ca2+. Conclusions KCa3.1 activity promotes pro-fibrotic human lung myofibroblast function. Blocking KCa3.1 may offer a novel approach to treating IPF with the potential for rapid translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Morgan Roach
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Mark Duffy
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - William Coward
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Centre for Respiratory Research and Nottingham Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Feghali-Bostwick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Peter Bradding
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Chotoo CK, Silverman GA, Devor DC, Luke CJ. A small conductance calcium-activated K+ channel in C. elegans, KCNL-2, plays a role in the regulation of the rate of egg-laying. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75869. [PMID: 24040423 PMCID: PMC3769271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the nervous system of mice, small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels function to regulate neuronal excitability through the generation of a component of the medium afterhyperpolarization that follows action potentials. In humans, irregular action potential firing frequency underlies diseases such as ataxia, epilepsy, schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. Due to the complexity of studying protein function in the mammalian nervous system, we sought to characterize an SK channel homologue, KCNL-2, in C. elegans, a genetically tractable system in which the lineage of individual neurons was mapped from their early developmental stages. Sequence analysis of the KCNL-2 protein reveals that the six transmembrane domains, the potassium-selective pore and the calmodulin binding domain are highly conserved with the mammalian homologues. We used widefield and confocal fluorescent imaging to show that a fusion construct of KCNL-2 with GFP in transgenic lines is expressed in the nervous system of C. elegans. We also show that a KCNL-2 null strain, kcnl-2(tm1885), demonstrates a mild egg-laying defective phenotype, a phenotype that is rescued in a KCNL-2-dependent manner. Conversely, we show that transgenic lines that overexpress KCNL-2 demonstrate a hyperactive egg-laying phenotype. In this study, we show that the vulva of transgenic hermaphrodites is highly innervated by neuronal processes and by the VC4 and VC5 neurons that express GFP-tagged KCNL-2. We propose that KCNL-2 functions in the nervous system of C. elegans to regulate the rate of egg-laying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavita K. Chotoo
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gary A. Silverman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and Magee-Women’s Hospital Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Daniel C. Devor
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CJL); (DCD)
| | - Cliff J. Luke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and Magee-Women’s Hospital Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CJL); (DCD)
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Characterization of a novel CRAC inhibitor that potently blocks human T cell activation and effector functions. Mol Immunol 2013; 54:355-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Ferreira R, Schlichter LC. Selective activation of KCa3.1 and CRAC channels by P2Y2 receptors promotes Ca(2+) signaling, store refilling and migration of rat microglial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62345. [PMID: 23620825 PMCID: PMC3631179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation involves Ca(2+) signaling, and numerous receptors can evoke elevation of intracellular Ca(2+). ATP released from damaged brain cells can activate ionotropic and metabotropic purinergic receptors, and act as a chemoattractant for microglia. Metabotropic P2Y receptors evoke a Ca(2+) rise through release from intracellular Ca(2+) stores and store-operated Ca(2+) entry, and some have been implicated in microglial migration. This Ca(2+) rise is expected to activate small-conductance Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) (SK) channels, if present. We previously found that SK3 (KCa2.3) and KCa3.1 (SK4/IK1) are expressed in rat microglia and contribute to LPS-mediated activation and neurotoxicity. However, neither current has been studied by elevating Ca(2+) during whole-cell recordings. We hypothesized that, rather than responding only to Ca(2+), each channel type might be coupled to different receptor-mediated pathways. Here, our objective was to determine whether the channels are differentially activated by P2Y receptors, and, if so, whether they play differing roles. We used primary rat microglia and a rat microglial cell line (MLS-9) in which riluzole robustly activates both SK3 and KCa3.1 currents. Using electrophysiological, Ca(2+) imaging and pharmacological approaches, we show selective functional coupling of KCa3.1 to UTP-mediated P2Y2 receptor activation. KCa3.1 current is activated by Ca(2+) entry through Ca(2+)-release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC/Orai1) channels, and both CRAC/Orai1 and KCa3.1 channels facilitate refilling of Ca(2+) stores. The Ca(2+) dependence of KCa3.1 channel activation was skewed to abnormally high concentrations, and we present evidence for a close physical association of the two channel types. Finally, migration of primary rat microglia was stimulated by UTP and inhibited by blocking either KCa3.1 or CRAC/Orai1 channels. This is the first report of selective coupling of one type of SK channel to purinergic stimulation of microglia, transactivation of KCa3.1 channels by CRAC/Orai1, and coordinated roles for both channels in store refilling, Ca(2+) signaling and microglial migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Ferreira
- Genes and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lyanne C. Schlichter
- Genes and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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KCNN4 channels participate in the EMT induced by PRL-3 in colorectal cancer. Med Oncol 2013; 30:566. [PMID: 23572150 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) promotes the invasion, migration, and metastasis of human tumor cells by facilitating an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the mechanism by which PRL-3 induces tumor cell EMT is unknown. Our previous research revealed that PRL-3 promotes LoVo cell proliferation by up-regulating KCNN4 channels. In the current study, we explored the mechanism by which PRL-3 mediates EMT. We demonstrated that PRL-3 induced the expression of KCNN4 channels, leading to EMT and the down-regulation of E-cadherin. Further studies revealed that KCNN4 channels increased intracellular calcium levels and activated components of cell signaling downstream of calcium, including CaM-kinase II and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3 beta), which increased Snail expression. Inhibiting KCNN4 with siRNA and TRAM-34, a specific inhibitor, restored E-cadherin expression and inhibited Snail expression. These results implicated the up-regulation of KCNN4 channels in the PRL-3-mediated induction of EMT and promotion of cancer metastasis.
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The role of PSD-95 in the rearrangement of Kv1.3 channels to the immunological synapse. Pflugers Arch 2013; 465:1341-53. [PMID: 23553419 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1256-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Establishment of the immunological synapse (IS) between T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells is a key step in the adaptive immune response. Several proteins accumulate in the IS, such as the Kv1.3 potassium channel; however, the mechanism of this translocation is unknown. PSD-95 and SAP97 are adaptor proteins that regulate the polarized cell surface expression and localization of Kv1 channels in neurons. We investigated whether these proteins affect the redistribution of Kv1.3 into the IS in non-excitable human T cells. We show here that PSD-95 and SAP97 are expressed in Jurkat and interact with the C terminus of Kv1.3. Disruption of the interaction between PSD-95 or SAP97 and Kv1.3 in Jurkat was realized by the expression of a C-terminal truncated Kv1.3, which lacks the binding domain for these proteins, or by the knockdown of the expression of PSD-95 or SAP97 using specific shRNA. Expression of the truncated Kv1.3 or knockdown of PSD-95, but not the knockdown of SAP97, inhibited the recruitment of Kv1.3 into the IS; the fraction of cells showing polarized Kv1.3 expression upon engagement in an IS was significantly lower than in control cells expressing the full-length Kv1.3, and the rearrangement of Kv1.3 did not show time dependence. In contrast, Jurkat cells expressing the full-length channel showed marked time dependence in the recruitment into the IS peaking at 1 min after the conjugation of the cells. These results demonstrate that PSD-95 participates in the targeting of Kv1.3 into the IS, implying its important role in human T-cell activation.
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The potassium channel KCa3.1 as new therapeutic target for the prevention of obliterative airway disease. Transplantation 2013; 95:285-92. [PMID: 23325003 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e318275a2f4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1 is critically involved in T-cell activation as well as in the proliferation of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. We sought to investigate whether KCa3.1 contributes to the pathogenesis of obliterative airway disease (OAD) and whether knockout or pharmacologic blockade would prevent the development of OAD. METHODS Tracheas from CBA donors were heterotopically transplanted into the omentum of C57Bl/6J wild-type or KCa3.1 mice. C57Bl/6J recipients were either left untreated or received the KCa3.1 blocker TRAM-34 (120 mg/kg/day). Histopathology and immunologic assays were performed on postoperative day 5 or 28. RESULTS Subepithelial T-cell and macrophage infiltration on postoperative day 5, as seen in untreated allografts, was significantly reduced in the KCa3.1 and TRAM-34 groups. Also, systemic Th1 activation was significantly and Th2 mildly reduced by KCa3.1 knockout or blockade. After 28 days, luminal obliteration of tracheal allografts was reduced from 89%±21% in untreated recipients to 53%±26% (P=0.010) and 59%±33% (P=0.032) in KCa3.1 and TRAM-34-treated animals, respectively. The airway epithelium was mostly preserved in syngeneic grafts, mostly destroyed in the KCa3.1 and TRAM-34 groups, and absent in untreated allografts. Allografts triggered an antibody response in untreated recipients, which was significantly reduced in KCa3.1 animals. KCa3.1 was detected in T cells, airway epithelial cells, and myofibroblasts. TRAM-34 dose-dependently suppressed proliferation of wild-type C57B/6J splenocytes but did not show any effect on KCa3.1 splenocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that KCa3.1 channels are involved in the pathogenesis of OAD and that KCa3.1 blockade holds promise to reduce OAD development.
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Yang D, Arifhodzic L, Ganellin CR, Jenkinson DH. Further studies on bis-charged tetraazacyclophanes as potent inhibitors of small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:907-23. [PMID: 23685886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Previously, quinolinium-based tetraazacyclophanes, such as UCL 1684 and UCL 1848, have been shown to be extraordinarily sensitive to changes in chemical structure (especially to the size of the cyclophane system) with respect to activity as potent non-peptidic blockers of the small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) ion channels (SKCa). The present work has sought to optimize the structure of the linking chains in UCL 1848. We report the synthesis and SKCa channel-blocking activity of 29 analogues of UCL 1848 in which the central CH2 of UCL 1848 is replaced by other groups X or Y = O, S, CF2, CO, CHOH, CC, CHCH, CHMe to explore whether subtle changes in bond length or flexibility can improve potency still further. The possibility of improving potency by introducing ring substituents has also been explored by synthesizing and testing 25 analogues of UCL 1684 and UCL 1848 with substituents (NO2, NH2, CF3, F, Cl, CH3, OCH3, OCF3, OH) in the 5, 6 or 7 positions of the aminoquinolinium rings. As in our earlier work, each compound was assayed for inhibition of the afterhyperpolarization (AHP) in rat sympathetic neurons, an action mediated by the SK3 subtype of the SKCa channel. One of the new compounds (39, R(7) = Cl, UCL 2053) is twice as potent as UCL 1848 and UCL 1684: seven are comparable in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglai Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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