1
|
Li Q, Maierheba K. Identification and role of differentially expressed genes/proteins between pulmonary tuberculosis patients and controls across lung tissues and blood samples. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1350. [PMID: 39023413 PMCID: PMC11256885 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentially expressed genes/proteins (DEGs/DEPs) play critical roles in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) diagnosis and treatment. However, there is a scarcity of reports on DEGs/DEPs in lung tissues and blood samples in PTB patients. OBJECTIVE We aim to identify the DEGs/DEPs in lung tissues and blood samples of PTB patients and investigate their roles in PTB. MATERIALS AND METHODS The lung granulomas and normal tissues were collected from PTB patients for proteomic and transcriptomic analyses. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses annotated the functions of DEGs/DEPs. The GSE107994 data set was downloaded to identify the DEGs/DEPs in peripheral blood. The common DEGs and DEPs were identified. A nomogram was established. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted. RESULTS Eighty-three DEGs/DEPs were identified. These DEGs/DEPs were mainly enriched in the movement of cell or subcellular components, regulation of cellular component biogenesis, and actin filament-based process as well as in the pathways of inositol phosphate metabolism, adherens junction, phosphatidylinositol signaling system, leukocyte transendothelial migration, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and tight junction. There were eight common DEGs/DEPs (TYMP, LAP3, ADGRL2, SIL1, LMO7, SULF 1, ANXA3, and PACSIN3) between the lung tissues and blood samples. They were effective in predicting tuberculosis. Moreover, the activated dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and regulatory T cells were significantly positively correlated with TYMP (r > .50), LAP3 (r > .50), SIL1 (r > .50), ANXA3 (r > .5), and PACSIN3 (r < .50), while negatively correlated with LMO7 (r < -0.50) (p < .05). ADGRL2 and SULF1 did not have a significant correlation (p > .05). LIMITATIONS The sample size was small. CONCLUSIONS Eight common DEGs/DEPs of lung tissues and blood samples were identified. They were correlated with immune cells and demonstrated predictive value for PTB. Our data may facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of PTB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Li
- Xinjiang Hospital of Beijing Children's HospitalChildren's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Institute of PediatricsUrumqiChina
| | - Kuerbanjiang Maierheba
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public HealthXinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dumont V, Lehtonen S. PACSIN proteins in vivo: Roles in development and physiology. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13783. [PMID: 34990060 PMCID: PMC9285741 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons (PACSINs), or syndapins (synaptic dynamin‐associated proteins), are a family of proteins involved in the regulation of cell cytoskeleton, intracellular trafficking and signalling. Over the last twenty years, PACSINs have been mostly studied in the in vitro and ex vivo settings, and only in the last decade reports on their function in vivo have emerged. We first summarize the identification, structure and cellular functions of PACSINs, and then focus on the relevance of PACSINs in vivo. During development in various model organisms, PACSINs participate in diverse processes, such as neural crest cell development, gastrulation, laterality development and neuromuscular junction formation. In mouse, PACSIN2 regulates angiogenesis during retinal development and in human, PACSIN2 associates with monosomy and embryonic implantation. In adulthood, PACSIN1 has been extensively studied in the brain and shown to regulate neuromorphogenesis, receptor trafficking and synaptic plasticity. Several genetic studies suggest a role for PACSIN1 in the development of schizophrenia, which is also supported by the phenotype of mice depleted of PACSIN1. PACSIN2 plays an essential role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and participates in kidney repair processes after injury. PACSIN3 is abundant in muscle tissue and necessary for caveolar biogenesis to create membrane reservoirs, thus controlling muscle function, and has been linked to certain genetic muscular disorders. The above examples illustrate the importance of PACSINs in diverse physiological or tissue repair processes in various organs, and associations to diseases when their functions are disturbed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Dumont
- Department of Pathology and Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Sanna Lehtonen
- Department of Pathology and Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Pathology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Boll E, Cantrelle FX, Landrieu I, Hirel M, Sinnaeve D, Levy G. 1H, 13C, and 15N chemical shift assignment of human PACSIN1/syndapin I SH3 domain in solution. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2020; 14:175-178. [PMID: 32236802 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-020-09940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human neuron-specific PACSIN1 plays a key role in synaptic vesicle recycling and endocytosis, as well as reorganization of the microtubule dynamics to maintain axonal plasticity. PACSIN1 contains a highly conserved C-terminal SH3 domain and an F-bar domain at its N-terminus. Due to its remarkable interaction network, PACSIN1 plays a central role in key neuronal functions. Here, we present a robust backbone and side-chain assignment of PACSIN1 SH3 domain based on 2D [1H,15N] HSQC or HMQC, and 3D BEST-HNCO, -HNCACB, -HN(CO)CACB, -HN(CA)CO, and standard (H)CC(CO)NH, HN(CA)NNH, HN(COCA)NH, HBHANNH, HNHA, HBHA(CO)NH, H(CC)(CO)NH, HCCH-TOCSY, that covers 96% for all 13CO, 13Cα and 13Cβ, 28% of 13Cγδε, and 95% of 1HN and 15N chemical shifts. Modelling based on sequence homology with a known related structure, and chemical shift-based secondary structure predictions, identified the presence of five β-strands linked by flexible loops. Taken together, these results open up new avenues to investigate and develop new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Boll
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- CNRS ERL Integrative Structural Biology, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Francois-Xavier Cantrelle
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- CNRS ERL Integrative Structural Biology, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Landrieu
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- CNRS ERL Integrative Structural Biology, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Matthieu Hirel
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- CNRS ERL Integrative Structural Biology, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Davy Sinnaeve
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- CNRS ERL Integrative Structural Biology, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Géraldine Levy
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France.
- CNRS ERL Integrative Structural Biology, 59000, Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ioannou MS, Kulasekaran G, Fotouhi M, Morein JJ, Han C, Tse S, Nossova N, Han T, Mannard E, McPherson PS. Intersectin-s interaction with DENND2B facilitates recycling of epidermal growth factor receptor. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:2119-2130. [PMID: 29030480 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) activates the EGF receptor (EGFR) and stimulates its internalization and trafficking to lysosomes for degradation. However, a percentage of EGFR undergoes ligand-independent endocytosis and is rapidly recycled back to the plasma membrane. Importantly, alterations in EGFR recycling are a common hallmark of cancer, and yet, our understanding of the machineries controlling the fate of endocytosed EGFR is incomplete. Intersectin-s is a multi-domain adaptor protein that is required for internalization of EGFR Here, we discover that intersectin-s binds DENND2B, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the exocytic GTPase Rab13, and this interaction promotes recycling of ligand-free EGFR to the cell surface. Intriguingly, upon EGF treatment, DENND2B is phosphorylated by protein kinase D and dissociates from intersectin-s, allowing for receptor targeting to degradation. Our study thus reveals a novel mechanism controlling the fate of internalized EGFR with important implications for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Ioannou
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gopinath Kulasekaran
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maryam Fotouhi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Justin J Morein
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chanshuai Han
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Tse
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadya Nossova
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tony Han
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erin Mannard
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Senju Y, Suetsugu S. Possible regulation of caveolar endocytosis and flattening by phosphorylation of F-BAR domain protein PACSIN2/Syndapin II. BIOARCHITECTURE 2016; 5:70-7. [PMID: 26745030 PMCID: PMC4832444 DOI: 10.1080/19490992.2015.1128604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT. Caveolae are flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane. The BAR domain proteins form crescent-shaped dimers, and their oligomeric filaments are considered to form spirals at the necks of invaginations, such as clathrin-coated pits and caveolae. PACSIN2/Syndapin II is one of the BAR domain-containing proteins, and is localized at the necks of caveolae. PACSIN2 is thought to function in the scission and stabilization of caveolae, through binding to dynamin-2 and EHD2, respectively. These two functions are considered to be switched by PACSIN2 phosphorylation by protein kinase C (PKC) upon hypotonic stress and sheer stress. The phosphorylation decreases the membrane binding affinity of PACSIN2, leading to its removal from caveolae. The removal of the putative oligomeric spiral of PACSIN2 from caveolar membrane invaginations could lead to the deformation of caveolae. Indeed, PACSIN2 removal from caveolae is accompanied by the recruitment of dynamin-2, suggesting that the removal provides space for the function of dynamin-2. Otherwise, the removal of PACSIN2 decreases the stability of caveolae, which could result in the flattening of caveolae. In contrast, an increase in the amount of EHD2 restored caveolar stability. Therefore, PACSIN2 at caveolae stabilizes caveolae, but its removal by phosphorylation could induce both caveolar endocytosis and flattening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Senju
- a Institute of Biotechnology; University of Helsinki ; Helsinki , Finland
| | - Shiro Suetsugu
- b Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Cell Biology; Graduate School of Biosciences; Nara Institute of Science and Technology ; Ikoma , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Linkner J, Witte G, Zhao H, Junemann A, Nordholz B, Runge-Wollmann P, Lappalainen P, Faix J. The inverse BAR-domain protein IBARa drives membrane remodelling to control osmoregulation, phagocytosis and cytokinesis. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1279-92. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.140756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we analyzed the single I-BAR family member IBARa from D. discoideum. The X-ray structure of the N-terminal I-BAR domain solved at 2.2 Å resolution revealed an all-α helical structure that self-associates into a 165 Å zeppelin-shaped antiparallel dimer. The structural data are consistent with its shape in solution obtained by small-angle X-ray-scattering. Cosedimentation, fluorescence-anisotropy as well as fluorescence and electron microscopy revealed the I-BAR domain to bind preferentially to phosphoinositide-containing vesicles and drive the formation of negatively curved tubules. Immunofluorescence labelling further showed accumulation of endogenous IBARa at the tips of filopodia, the rim of constricting phagocytic cups, in foci connecting dividing cells during the final stage of cytokinesis, and most prominently at the osmoregulatory contractile vacuole (CV). Consistently, IBARa-null mutants displayed defects in CV formation and discharge, growth, phagocytosis and mitotic cell division, whereas filopodia formation was not compromised. Of note, IBARa-null mutants were also strongly impaired in cell spreading. Together, these data suggest IBARa to constitute an important regulator of numerous cellular processes intimately linked with the dynamic rearrangement of cellular membranes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Quan A, Robinson PJ. Syndapin--a membrane remodelling and endocytic F-BAR protein. FEBS J 2013; 280:5198-212. [PMID: 23668323 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Syndapin [also called PACSIN (protein kinase C and casein kinase II interacting protein)] is an Fes-CIP4 homology Bin-amphiphysin-Rvs161/167 (F-BAR) and Src-homology 3 domain-containing protein. Three genes give rise to three main isoforms in mammalian cells. They each function in different endocytic and vesicle trafficking pathways and provide critical links between the cytoskeletal network in different cellular processes, such as neuronal morphogenesis and cell migration. The membrane remodelling activity of syndapin via its F-BAR domain and its interaction partners, such as dynamin and neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein binding to its Src-homology 3 domain, are important with respect to its function. Its various partner proteins provide insights into its mechanism of action, as well as its differential roles in these cellular processes. Signalling pathways leading to the regulation of syndapin function by phosphorylation are now contributing to our understanding of the broader functions of this family of proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Quan
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hoffman PL, Bennett B, Saba LM, Bhave SV, Carosone-Link PJ, Hornbaker CK, Kechris KJ, Williams RW, Tabakoff B. Using the Phenogen website for 'in silico' analysis of morphine-induced analgesia: identifying candidate genes. Addict Biol 2011; 16:393-404. [PMID: 21054686 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The identification of genes that contribute to polygenic (complex) behavioral phenotypes is a key goal of current genetic research. One approach to this goal is to combine gene expression information with genetic information, i.e. to map chromosomal regions that regulate gene expression levels. This approach has been termed 'genetical genomics', and, when used in conjunction with the identification of genomic regions (QTLs) that regulate the complex physiological trait under investigation, provides a strong basis for candidate gene discovery. In this paper, we describe the implementation of the genetical genomic/phenotypic approach to identify candidate genes for sensitivity to the analgesic effect of morphine in BXD recombinant inbred mice. Our analysis was performed 'in silico', using an online interactive resource called PhenoGen (http://phenogen.ucdenver.edu). We describe in detail the use of this resource, which identified a set of candidate genes, some of whose products regulate the cellular localization and activity of the mu opiate receptor. The results demonstrate how PhenoGen can be used to identify a novel set of genes that can be further investigated for their potential role in pain, morphine analgesia and/or morphine tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula L Hoffman
- University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Halbach A, Mörgelin M, Baumgarten M, Milbrandt M, Paulsson M, Plomann M. PACSIN 1 forms tetramers via its N-terminal F-BAR domain. FEBS J 2007; 274:773-82. [PMID: 17288557 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability of protein kinase C and casein kinase 2 substrate in neurons (PACSIN)/syndapin proteins to self-polymerize is crucial for the simultaneous interactions with more than one Src homology 3 domain-binding partner or with lipid membranes. The assembly of this network has profound effects on the neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein-mediated attachment of the actin polymerization machinery to vesicle membranes as well as on the movement of the corresponding vesicles. Also, the sensing of vesicle membranes and/or the induction of membrane curvature are more easily facilitated in the presence of larger PACSIN complexes. The N-terminal Fes-CIP homology and Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (F-BAR) domains of several PACSIN-related proteins have been shown to mediate self-interactions, whereas studies using deletion mutants derived from closely related proteins led to the view that oligomerization depends on the formation of a trimeric complex via a coiled-coil region present in these molecules. To address whether the model of trimeric complex formation is applicable to PACSIN 1, the protein was recombinantly expressed and tested in four different assays for homologous interactions. The results showed that PACSIN 1 forms tetramers of about 240 kDa, with the self-interaction having a K(D) of 6.4 x 10(-8) M. Ultrastructural analysis of these oligomers after negative staining showed that laterally arranged PACSIN molecules bind to each other via a large globular domain and form a barrel-like structure. Together, these results demonstrate that the N-terminal F-BAR domain of PACSIN 1 forms the contact site for a tetrameric structure, which is able to simultaneously interact with multiple Src homology 3 binding partners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arndt Halbach
- Center for Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chitu V, Stanley ER. Pombe Cdc15 homology (PCH) proteins: coordinators of membrane-cytoskeletal interactions. Trends Cell Biol 2007; 17:145-56. [PMID: 17296299 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cellular adhesion, motility, endocytosis, exocytosis and cytokinesis involve the coordinated reorganization of the cytoskeleton and of the plasma membrane. The 'Pombe Cdc15 homology' (PCH) family of adaptor proteins has recently been shown to coordinate the membrane and cytoskeletal dynamics involved in these processes by curving membranes, recruiting dynamin and controlling the architecture of the actin cytoskeleton. Mutations in PCH family members or proteins that interact with them are associated with autoinflammatory, neurological or neoplastic diseases. Here, we review the nature, actions and disease associations of the vertebrate PCH family members, highlighting their fundamental roles in the regulation of processes involving membrane-cytoskeletal interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental Biology and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Roach W, Plomann M. PACSIN3 overexpression increases adipocyte glucose transport through GLUT1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 355:745-50. [PMID: 17320047 PMCID: PMC1855247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PACSIN family members regulate intracellular vesicle trafficking via their ability to regulate cytoskeletal rearrangement. These processes are known to be involved in trafficking of GLUT1 and GLUT4 in adipocytes. In this study, PACSIN3 was observed to be the only PACSIN isoform that increases in expression during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Overexpression of PACSIN3 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes caused an elevation of glucose uptake. Subcellular fractionation revealed that PACSIN3 overexpression elevated GLUT1 plasma membrane localization without effecting GLUT4 distribution. In agreement with this result, examination of GLUT exofacial presentation at the cell surface by photoaffinity labeling revealed significantly increased GLUT1, but not GLUT4, after overexpression of PACSIN3. These results establish a role for PACSIN3 in regulating glucose uptake in adipocytes via its preferential participation in GLUT1 trafficking. They are consistent with the proposal, which is supported by a recent study, that GLUT1, but not GLUT4, is predominantly endocytosed via the coated pit pathway in unstimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Roach
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Allaire PD, Ritter B, Thomas S, Burman JL, Denisov AY, Legendre-Guillemin V, Harper SQ, Davidson BL, Gehring K, McPherson PS. Connecdenn, a novel DENN domain-containing protein of neuronal clathrin-coated vesicles functioning in synaptic vesicle endocytosis. J Neurosci 2006; 26:13202-12. [PMID: 17182770 PMCID: PMC6674997 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4608-06.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Revised: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) are responsible for the endocytosis of multiple cargo, including synaptic vesicle membranes. We now describe a new CCV protein, termed connecdenn, that contains an N-terminal DENN (differentially expressed in neoplastic versus normal cells) domain, a poorly characterized protein module found in multiple proteins of unrelated function and a C-terminal peptide motif domain harboring three distinct motifs for binding the alpha-ear of the clathrin adaptor protein 2 (AP-2). Connecdenn coimmunoprecipitates and partially colocalizes with AP-2, and nuclear magnetic resonance and peptide competition studies reveal that all three alpha-ear-binding motifs contribute to AP-2 interactions. In addition, connecdenn contains multiple Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-binding motifs and coimmunoprecipitates with the synaptic SH3 domain proteins intersectin and endophilin A1. Interestingly, connecdenn is enriched on neuronal CCVs and is present in the presynaptic compartment of neurons. Moreover, connecdenn has a uniquely stable association with CCV membranes because it resists extraction with Tris and high-salt buffers, unlike most other CCV proteins, but it is not detected on purified synaptic vesicles. Together, these observations suggest that connecdenn functions on the endocytic limb of the synaptic vesicle cycle. Accordingly, disruption of connecdenn interactions with its binding partners through overexpression of the C-terminal peptide motif domain or knock down of connecdenn through lentiviral delivery of small hairpin RNA both lead to defects in synaptic vesicle endocytosis in cultured hippocampal neurons. Thus, we identified connecdenn as a component of the endocytic machinery functioning in synaptic vesicle endocytosis, providing the first evidence of a role for a DENN domain-containing protein in endocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D. Allaire
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 2B4
| | - Brigitte Ritter
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 2B4
| | - Sebastien Thomas
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 2B4
| | - Jonathon L. Burman
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 2B4
| | - Alexei Yu. Denisov
- Department of Biochemistry and Montreal Joint Centre for Structural Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1Y6, and
| | - Valerie Legendre-Guillemin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 2B4
| | - Scott Q. Harper
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Beverly L. Davidson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Kalle Gehring
- Department of Biochemistry and Montreal Joint Centre for Structural Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1Y6, and
| | - Peter S. McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 2B4
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gillardon F, Steinlein P, Bürger E, Hildebrandt T, Gerner C. Phosphoproteome and transcriptome analysis of the neuronal response to a CDK5 inhibitor. Proteomics 2005; 5:1299-307. [PMID: 15712243 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200400992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis deregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) causes hyperphosphorylation of tau and neurofilament proteins, respectively, leading to neuronal cell death. We have demonstrated recently that pharmacological inhibition of CDK5 protects neurons under various stressful conditions (Weishaupt J. H., et al., Molec. Cell. Neurosci. 2003, 24, 489-502). To get an overview on the cellular mechanisms of action we analyzed global changes in protein phosphorylation in cultured cerebellar granule neurons by [(32)P]orthophosphate labeling after administration of a CDK5 inhibitor. Since CDK5 has recently been shown to phosphorylate and inactivate transcription factor MEF2, we included gene expression profiling using cDNA microarrays. By two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-TOF)-mass spectrometry we identified several phosphoproteins that were modulated by compound administration. Among them syndapin I which is involved in vesicle recycling, and dynein light intermediate chain 2 which represents a regulatory subunit of the dynein protein complex. These findings are consistent with the known physiological function of CDK5 in synaptic signaling and axonal transport. Moreover, we detected phosphoproteins acting in neuronal surival and/or neurite outgrowth, such as cofilin and collapsin response mediator protein. Subsequent testing in cell cultures revealed that the CDK5 inhibitor blocked mitochondrial translocation of pro-apoptotic cofilin in cerebellar granule neurons and enhanced neurite outgrowth in dorsal root ganglia. Numerous genes exhibiting MEF2 consensus binding sequences were modulated by CDK5 inhibitor treatment. Among them some that may contribute to neurite elongation or neuronal survival, but also several genes functioning in synaptic transmission. Taken together, phosphoproteome and transcriptome analysis indicate that the compound promotes both neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth, but also may affect synaptic function in cultured neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Gillardon
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Research, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Reineke A, Löbmann S. Gene expression changes in Ephestia kuehniella caterpillars after parasitization by the endoparasitic wasp Venturia canescens analyzed through cDNA-AFLPs. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 51:923-32. [PMID: 15949813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2004] [Revised: 03/29/2005] [Accepted: 04/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To understand the transcriptional response of Ephestia kuehniella caterpillars to parasitization by the endoparasitic wasp Venturia canescens, we examined patterns of gene expression in parasitized and unparasitized host caterpillars using the cDNA-AFLP (cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism) technique. Among the approximately 1860 cDNA-fragments detected by using 88 different AFLP primer combinations, we identified 13 transcripts in parasitized caterpillars that showed a suppressed expression pattern with cDNA-AFLP results being confirmed by virtual Northern blot or RT-PCR analysis. Apparently, two different wasp genotypes (RP, RM) seem to differ in their ability to regulate host physiology with regard to suppression of certain genes. Sequence analysis of the cDNA fragments revealed that some of the respective genes are likely to be involved in energy metabolism, protein synthesis, or in signal transduction. In addition, one sequence corresponds to a gene encoding the lepidopteran silk protein fibroin. The putative function of these genes in the interactions between endoparasitoids and their host insects is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Reineke
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Phytomedicine, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu Y, Shi H, Wei S, Wong SH, Hong W. Mutually exclusive interactions of EHD1 with GS32 and syndapin II. Mol Membr Biol 2005; 21:269-77. [PMID: 15371016 DOI: 10.1080/09687680410001716871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
GS32/SNAP-29 is a SNAP-25-like SNARE and has been shown to interact with syntaxin 6. Using immobilized recombinant GS32, we have recovered EHD1 as a major GS32-interacting protein from total HeLa cell extracts. This interaction is mediated by the EH domain of EHD1 and the N-terminal NPF-containing 17-residue region of GS32. Co-immunoprecipitation suggests that GS32 could also interact with EHD1 in intact cells. When immobilized GST-EHD1 was used to fish out interacting proteins from total brain extracts, syndapin II was identified as a major interacting partner. Similar to the GS32-EHD1 interaction, syndapin II also interacts with the EH domain of EHD1 via its NPF repeat region. Interaction of endogenous EHD1 and syndapin II was also established by co-immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, interaction of GS32 and syndapin II with EHD1 was shown to be mutually exclusive, suggesting that EHD1 may regulate/participate in the functional pathways of both GS32 and syndapin II in a mutual exclusive manner. Opposing roles of GS32 and syndapin II in regulating the surface level of transferrin receptor (TfR) were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- Membrane Biology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kamioka Y, Fukuhara S, Sawa H, Nagashima K, Masuda M, Matsuda M, Mochizuki N. A novel dynamin-associating molecule, formin-binding protein 17, induces tubular membrane invaginations and participates in endocytosis. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:40091-9. [PMID: 15252009 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m404899200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamin associates with a variety of SH3 domain-containing molecules via a C-terminal proline-rich motif and takes part, with them, in endocytic processes. Here, we have investigated a new dynamin-associating molecule, formin-binding protein 17 (FBP17), involved in deforming the plasma membrane and in endocytosis. FBP17 formed tubular invaginations originating from the plasma membrane. Its N-terminal Fer/CIP4 homology domain, a coiled-coil domain, and a proline-rich motif were required for tubular invagination and self-assembly, by which tubular invagination might be induced. Using anti-FBP17 antibody, we detected positive immunoreactions in the testis that were restricted to the germ cells. We also detected FBP17 in the brain by immunoblotting and in situ hybridization. When COS cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged FBP17 were incubated with fluorescently labeled transferrin, epidermal growth factor, and cholera toxin, these molecules co-localized with FBP17-induced tubular invaginations, suggesting that FBP17 is involved in dynamin-mediated endocytosis in both a clathrin-dependent and -independent manner. These observations therefore indicate that FBP17 interacts with dynamin and regulates endocytosis by forming vesicotubular structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kamioka
- Department of Structural Analysis, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kessels MM, Qualmann B. The syndapin protein family: linking membrane trafficking with the cytoskeleton. J Cell Sci 2004; 117:3077-86. [PMID: 15226389 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndapins – also called PACSINs – are highly conserved Src-homology 3 (SH3)-domain-containing proteins that seem to exist in all multicellular eukaryotes. They interact with the large GTPase dynamin and several other proteins implicated in vesicle trafficking. Syndapin-dynamin complexes appear to play an important role in vesicle fission at different donor membranes, including the plasma membrane (endocytosis) and Golgi membranes. In addition, syndapins are implicated in later steps of vesicle cycling in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Syndapins also interact with N-WASP, a potent activator of the Arp2/3 complex that forms a critical part of the actin polymerization machinery. Syndapin oligomers can thereby couple bursts of actin polymerization with the vesicle fission step involving dynamins. This allows newly formed vesicles to move away from the donor membrane driven by actin polymerization. Syndapins also engage in additional interactions with molecules involved in several signal transduction pathways, producing crosstalk at the interface between membrane trafficking and the cytoskeleton. Given the distinct expression patterns of the different syndapins and their splice forms, these proteins could have isoform-specific functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Kessels
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Das UN. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in memory formation and consolidation: further evidence and discussion. Nutrition 2004; 19:988-93. [PMID: 14624950 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(03)00174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- EFA Sciences LLC, Norwood, Massachusetts 02062, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Internalization of receptors, lipids, pathogens, and other cargo at the plasma membrane involves several different pathways and requires coordinated interactions between a variety of protein and lipid molecules. The actin cytoskeleton is an integral part of the cell cortex, and there is growing evidence that F-actin plays a direct role in these endocytic events. Genetic studies in yeast have firmly established a functional connection between actin and endocytosis. Identification of several proteins that may function at the interface between actin and the endocytic machinery has provided further evidence for this association in both yeast and mammalian cells. Several of these proteins are directly involved in regulating actin assembly and could thus harness forces produced during actin polymerization to facilitate specific steps in the endocytic process. Recent microscopy studies in mammalian cells provide powerful evidence that localized recruitment and polymerization of actin occurs at endocytic sites. In this review, we focus on progress made in elucidating the functions of the actin cytoskeleton in endocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asa E Y Engqvist-Goldstein
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3202, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sarret P, Esdaile MJ, McPherson PS, Schonbrunn A, Kreienkamp HJ, Beaudet A. Role of Amphiphysin II in Somatostatin Receptor Trafficking in Neuroendocrine Cells. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:8029-37. [PMID: 14660576 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m310792200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiphysins are SH3 domain-containing proteins thought to function in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. To investigate the potential role of amphiphysin II in cellular trafficking of G protein-coupled somatostatin (SRIF) receptors, we generated an AtT-20 cell line stably overexpressing amphiphysin IIb, a splice variant that does not bind clathrin. Endocytosis of (125)I-[d-Trp(8)]SRIF was not affected by amphiphysin IIb overexpression. However, the maximal binding capacity (B(max)) of the ligand on intact cells was significantly lower in amphiphysin IIb overexpressing than in non-transfected cells. This difference was no longer apparent when the experiments were performed on crude cell homogenates, suggesting that amphiphysin IIb overexpression interferes with SRIF receptor targeting to the cell surface and not with receptor synthesis. Accordingly, immunofluorescence experiments demonstrated that, in amphiphysin overexpressing cells, sst(2A) and sst(5) receptors were segregated in a juxtanuclear compartment identified as the trans-Golgi network. Amphiphysin IIb overexpression had no effect on corticotrophin-releasing factor 41-stimulated adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion, suggesting that it is not involved in the regulated secretory pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that amphiphysin II is not necessary for SRIF receptor endocytosis but is critical for its constitutive targeting to the plasma membrane. Therefore, amphiphysin IIb may be an important component of the constitutive secretory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Sarret
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Regulated interactions between short, unstructured amino acid sequences and modular protein domains are central to cell signaling. Here we use synthetic peptides in "active" (e.g. phosphorylated) and "control" (e.g. non-phosphorylated) forms as baits in affinity pull-down experiments to determine such interactions by quantitative proteomics. Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture distinguishes specific binders directly by the isotope ratios determined by mass spectrometry (Blagoev, B., Kratchmarova, I., Ong, S.-E., Nielsen, M., Foster, L. J., and Mann, M. (2003) Nat. Biotechnol. 21, 315-318). A tyrosine-phosphorylated peptide of the epidermal growth factor receptor specifically retrieved the Src homology domain (SH) 2- and SH3 domain-containing adapter protein Grb2. A proline-rich sequence of Son of Sevenless also specifically bound Grb2, demonstrating that the screen maintains specificity with low affinity interactions. The proline-rich Sos peptide retrieved only SH3 domain containing proteins as specific binding partners. Two of these, Pacsin 3 and Sorting Nexin 9, were confirmed by immunoprecipitation. Our data are consistent with a change in the role of Sos from Ras-dependent signaling to actin remodeling/endocytic signaling events by a proline-SH3 domain switch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waltraud X Schulze
- Center for Experimental BioInformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
da Costa SR, Okamoto CT, Hamm-Alvarez SF. Actin microfilaments et al.--the many components, effectors and regulators of epithelial cell endocytosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2003; 55:1359-83. [PMID: 14597136 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2003.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to introduce the advances made over the past several years regarding the participation of actin and actin-associated proteins in clathrin-mediated endocytosis in simple cell models, and then to consider the evidence for the involvement of these effectors in apical clathrin-mediated endocytosis in epithelial cells. Basic mechanisms of clathrin-mediated endocytosis are initially addressed, followed by a detailed description of the actin cytoskeleton: its organization, function and, most importantly, the essential role played by proteins and signaling pathways responsible for the regulation of actin filament dynamics. Our focus then shifts to the GTPase, dynamin and its pivotal role as a bridge between various components of the clathrin endocytic machinery and the actin cytoskeleton. Mechanisms and effectors of dynamin-dependent endocytosis are then described, with a particular emphasis on novel proteins, which link dynamin to actin filaments. We consider additional effectors proposed to interact with actin to facilitate clathrin-mediated endocytosis in a dynamin-independent manner. The multiple roles which actin filaments are thought to play in endocytosis are addressed followed by a more detailed characterization of actin filament participation specifically in apical endocytosis. We conclude by discussing how these concepts may be integrated to improve drug internalization at the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia R da Costa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Since the ligand for the death factor CD95 (CD95L) was identified almost a decade ago, it has been established that this molecule (CD95L, FasL, Apo-1L, CD178, TNFSF6, APT1LG1) has multiple immunoregulatory and pathophysiologically relevant functions. CD95L does not only act as a death factor when externalized with secretory lysosomes on cytotoxic T and NK cells or when expressed on CD4(+) T cells in the course of activation-induced cell death, it is also a key molecule for the establishment of immune privilege or tumor cell survival and may serve as a costimulatory molecule during T cell activation. Moreover, alterations of expression or shedding of different forms of CD95L are associated with many diseases including various malignancies, HIV infection, autoimmune disorders (systemic lupus erythematodes, rheumatoid arthritis), acute myocardial infarction, traumatic injury and many others. In most cases, however, the physiological link between altered CD95L expression and pathophysiology is unknown. Given the potency of the molecule to regulate death and survival of many different cell types, the control of CD95L production, transport, storage, shedding and release is of tremendous biological and clinical interest. This commentary aims at briefly summarizing the current knowledge, hypotheses and controversies about CD95L as a multifunctional ligand and receptor. It touches upon the complex networks of intracellular dynamics of protein transport and trafficking and the potential bidirectional signal transduction capacity of CD95L with a focus on molecular interactions that have been worked out over the past years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Linkermann
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Das UN. Can memory be improved? A discussion on the role of ras, GABA, acetylcholine, NO, insulin, TNF-alpha, and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in memory formation and consolidation. Brain Dev 2003; 25:251-61. [PMID: 12767456 DOI: 10.1016/s0387-7604(02)00221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
It is proposed that long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids when given from the perinatal period will ensure proper development and growth of the brain and maintain the activity and/or concentrations of ras, nitric oxide, insulin, and various neurotransmitters and cytokines at physiological level and thus, improve memory and prevent learning deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- EFA Sciences LLC, 1420 Providence Highway, Suite # 266, Norwood, MA 02062, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells use actin polymerization to change shape, move, and internalize extracellular materials by phagocytosis and endocytosis, and to form contractile structures. In addition, several pathogens have evolved to use host cell actin assembly for attachment, internalization, and cell-to-cell spread. Although cells possess multiple mechanisms for initiating actin polymerization, attention in the past five years has focused on the regulation of actin nucleation-the formation of new actin filaments from actin monomers. The Arp2/3 complex and the multiple nucleation-promoting factors (NPFs) that regulate its activity comprise the only known cellular actin-nucleating factors and may represent a universal machine, conserved across eukaryotic phyla, that nucleates new actin filaments for various cellular structures with numerous functions. This review focuses on our current understanding of the mechanism of actin nucleation by the Arp2/3 complex and NPFs and how these factors work with other cytoskeletal proteins to generate structurally and functionally diverse actin arrays in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Welch
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 301 LSA, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3200, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
In this review we describe the potential roles of the actin cytoskeleton in receptor-mediated endocytosis in mammalian cells and summarize the efforts of recent years in establishing a relationship between these two cellular functions. With molecules such as dynamin, syndapin, HIP1R, Abp1, synaptojanin, N-WASP, intersectin, and cortactin a set of molecular links is now available and it is likely that their further characterization will reveal the basic principles of a functional interconnection between the membrane cytoskeleton and the vesicle-budding machinery. We will therefore discuss proteins involved in endocytic clathrin coat formation and accessory factors to control and regulate coated vesicle formation but we will also focus on actin cytoskeletal components such as the Arp2/3 complex, spectrin, profilin, and motor proteins involved in actin dynamics and organization. Additionally, we will discuss how phosphoinositides, such as PI(4,5)P2, small GTPases thought to control the actin cytoskeleton, such as Rho, Rac, and Cdc42, or membrane trafficking, such as Rab GTPases and ARF proteins, and different kinases may participate in the functional connection of actin and endocytosis. We will compare the concepts and different molecular mechanisms involved in mammalian cells with yeast as well as with specialized cells, such as epithelial cells and neurons, because different model organisms often offer complementary advantages for further studies in this thriving field of current cell biological research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britta Qualmann
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Faisal A, el-Shemerly M, Hess D, Nagamine Y. Serine/threonine phosphorylation of ShcA. Regulation of protein-tyrosine phosphatase-pest binding and involvement in insulin signaling. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:30144-52. [PMID: 12052829 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m203229200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine phosphorylation of the ShcA signaling molecule has been reported recently. In this work, we have identified 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)- and growth factor-induced serine/threonine phosphorylation sites in p52(Shc) and p66(Shc). Among them, Ser(29) in p52(Shc) (equivalent to Ser(138) in p66(Shc)) was phosphorylated only after TPA stimulation. Phosphorylation of this site together with the intact phosphotyrosine-binding domain was essential for ShcA binding to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTP-PEST. TPA-induced ShcA phosphorylation at this site (and hence, its association with PTP-PEST) was inhibited by a protein kinase C-specific inhibitor and was induced by overexpression of constitutively active mutants of protein kinase Calpha, -epsilon, and -delta isoforms. Insulin also induced ShcA/PTP-PEST association, although to a lesser extent than TPA. Overexpression of a PTP-PEST binding-defective mutant of p52(Shc) (S29A) enhanced insulin-induced ERK activation in insulin receptor-overexpressing HIRc-B cells. Consistent with this, p52(Shc) S29A was more tyrosine-phosphorylated than wild-type p52(Shc) after insulin stimulation. Thus, we have identified a new mechanism whereby serine phosphorylation of ShcA controls the ability of its phosphotyrosine-binding domain to bind PTP-PEST, which is responsible for the dephosphorylation and down-regulation of ShcA after insulin stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Faisal
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ghadimi MP, Sanzenbacher R, Thiede B, Wenzel J, Jing Q, Plomann M, Borkhardt A, Kabelitz D, Janssen O. Identification of interaction partners of the cytosolic polyproline region of CD95 ligand (CD178). FEBS Lett 2002; 519:50-8. [PMID: 12023017 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)02709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The CD95/Fas/Apo-1 ligand (CD95L, CD178) induces apoptosis through the death receptor CD95. CD95L was also described as a co-stimulatory receptor for T-cell activation in mice in vivo. The molecular basis for the bidirectional signaling capacity and directed expression of CD95L is unknown. In the present study we identify proteins that precipitate from T-cell lysates with constructs containing fragments of the CD95L cytosolic tail. The determined peptide mass fingerprints correspond to Grb2, actin, beta-tubulin, formin binding protein 17 (FBP17) and PACSIN2. Grb2 had been identified as a putative mediator of T-cell receptor-to-CD95L signaling before. FBP17 and PACSIN2 may be associated with expression and trafficking of CD95L. When overexpressed, CD95L co-precipitates with FBP17 and PACSIN. Protein-protein interactions are mediated via Src homology 3 (SH3) domain binding to the polyproline region of CD95L and can be abolished by mutation or deletion of the respective SH3 domain.
Collapse
|
29
|
Hart TC, Zhang Y, Gorry MC, Hart PS, Cooper M, Marazita ML, Marks JM, Cortelli JR, Pallos D. A mutation in the SOS1 gene causes hereditary gingival fibromatosis type 1. Am J Hum Genet 2002; 70:943-54. [PMID: 11868160 PMCID: PMC379122 DOI: 10.1086/339689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2001] [Accepted: 01/10/2002] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare, autosomal dominant form of gingival overgrowth. Affected individuals have a benign, slowly progressive, nonhemorrhagic, fibrous enlargement of the oral masticatory mucosa. Genetic loci for autosomal dominant forms of HGF have been localized to chromosome 2p21-p22 (HGF1) and chromosome 5q13-q22 (HGF2). To identify the gene responsible for HGF1, we extended genetic linkage studies to refine the chromosome 2p21-p22 candidate interval to approximately 2.3 Mb. Development of an integrated physical and genetic map of the interval identified 16 genes. Sequencing of these genes, in affected and unaffected HGF1 family members, identified a mutation in the Son of sevenless-1 (SOS1) gene in affected individuals. In this report, we describe the genomic structure of the SOS1 gene and present evidence that insertion of a cytosine between nucleotides 126,142 and 126,143 in codon 1083 of the SOS1 gene is responsible for HGF1. This insertion mutation, which segregates in a dominant manner over four generations, introduces a frameshift and creates a premature stop codon, abolishing four functionally important proline-rich SH3 binding domains normally present in the carboxyl-terminal region of the SOS1 protein. The resultant protein chimera contains the wild-type SOS1 protein for the N-terminal amino acids 1-1083 fused to a novel 22-amino acid carboxyl terminus. Similar SOS1 deletion constructs are functional in animal models, and a transgenic mouse construct with a comparable SOS1 chimera produces a phenotype with skin hypertrophy. Clarification of the functional role of this SOS1 mutant has implications for understanding other forms of gingival fibromatosis and corrective gingival-tissue management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Hart
- Center For Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Division of Oral Biology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, 614 Salk Hall, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Di Paolo G, Sankaranarayanan S, Wenk MR, Daniell L, Perucco E, Caldarone BJ, Flavell R, Picciotto MR, Ryan TA, Cremona O, De Camilli P. Decreased synaptic vesicle recycling efficiency and cognitive deficits in amphiphysin 1 knockout mice. Neuron 2002; 33:789-804. [PMID: 11879655 DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00601-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The function of the clathrin coat in synaptic vesicle endocytosis is assisted by a variety of accessory factors, among which amphiphysin (amphiphysin 1 and 2) is one of the best characterized. A putative endocytic function of amphiphysin was supported by dominant-negative interference studies. We have now generated amphiphysin 1 knockout mice and found that lack of amphiphysin 1 causes a parallel dramatic reduction of amphiphysin 2 selectively in brain. Cell-free assembly of endocytic protein scaffolds is defective in mutant brain extracts. Knockout mice exhibit defects in synaptic vesicle recycling that are unmasked by stimulation and suggest impairments at multiple stages of the cycle. These defects correlate with increased mortality due to rare irreversible seizures and with major learning deficits, suggesting a critical role of amphiphysin for higher brain functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Di Paolo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
A convergence of cellular, genetic and biochemical studies supports the hypothesis that the actin cytoskeleton is coupled to endocytic processes, but the roles played by actin filaments during endocytosis are not yet clear. Recent studies have identified several proteins that may functionally link the endocytic machinery with actin filament dynamics. Three of these proteins, Abp1p, Pan1p and cortactin, are activators of actin assembly nucleated by the Arp2/3 complex, a key regulator of actin assembly in vivo. Two others, intersectin and syndapin, bind N-WASp, a potent activator of actin assembly via the Arp2/3 complex. All of these proteins also bind components of the endocytic machinery, and thus, could coordinately regulate actin assembly and trafficking events. Hip1R, an F-actin-binding protein that associates with clathrin-coated vesicles, may physically link endocytic vesicles to actin filaments. The GTPase dynamin is implicated in modulating actin filaments at specialized actin-rich structures of the cell cortex, suggesting that dynamin may regulate the organization of cortical actin filaments as well as regulate actin dynamics during endocytosis. Finally, myosin VI may generate actin-dependent forces for membrane invagination or vesicle movement during the early stages of endocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy A Schafer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63119, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lanzetti L, Di Fiore PP, Scita G. Pathways linking endocytosis and actin cytoskeleton in mammalian cells. Exp Cell Res 2001; 271:45-56. [PMID: 11697881 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2001.5369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Lanzetti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, 20141, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|