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Bulle A, Liu P, Seehra K, Bansod S, Chen Y, Zahra K, Somani V, Khawar IA, Chen HP, Dodhiawala PB, Li L, Geng Y, Mo CK, Mahsl J, Ding L, Govindan R, Davies S, Mudd J, Hawkins WG, Fields RC, DeNardo DG, Knoerzer D, Held JM, Grierson PM, Wang-Gillam A, Ruzinova MB, Lim KH. Combined KRAS-MAPK pathway inhibitors and HER2-directed drug conjugate is efficacious in pancreatic cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2503. [PMID: 38509064 PMCID: PMC10954758 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46811-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains clinically unsuccessful. We aim to develop a MAPK inhibitor-based therapeutic combination with strong preclinical efficacy. Utilizing a reverse-phase protein array, we observe rapid phospho-activation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in PDAC cells upon pharmacological MAPK inhibition. Mechanistically, MAPK inhibitors lead to swift proteasomal degradation of dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6). The carboxy terminus of HER2, containing a TEY motif also present in extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), facilitates binding with DUSP6, enhancing its phosphatase activity to dephosphorylate HER2. In the presence of MAPK inhibitors, DUSP6 dissociates from the protective effect of the RING E3 ligase tripartite motif containing 21, resulting in its degradation. In PDAC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, combining ERK and HER inhibitors slows tumour growth and requires cytotoxic chemotherapy to achieve tumour regression. Alternatively, MAPK inhibitors with trastuzumab deruxtecan, an anti-HER2 antibody conjugated with cytotoxic chemotherapy, lead to sustained tumour regression in most tested PDXs without causing noticeable toxicity. Additionally, KRAS inhibitors also activate HER2, supporting testing the combination of KRAS inhibitors and trastuzumab deruxtecan in PDAC. This study identifies a rational and promising therapeutic combination for clinical testing in PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashenafi Bulle
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kuljeet Seehra
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sapana Bansod
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yali Chen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kiran Zahra
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Vikas Somani
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Iftikhar Ali Khawar
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hung-Po Chen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Paarth B Dodhiawala
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yutong Geng
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Chia-Kuei Mo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jay Mahsl
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Govindan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sherri Davies
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jacqueline Mudd
- Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - William G Hawkins
- Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ryan C Fields
- Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - David G DeNardo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | | | - Jason M Held
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Patrick M Grierson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Andrea Wang-Gillam
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Marianna B Ruzinova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kian-Huat Lim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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2
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Wang H, Zhou R, Xu F, Yang K, Zheng L, Zhao P, Shi G, Dai L, Xu C, Yu L, Li Z, Wang J, Wang J. Beyond canonical PROTAC: biological targeted protein degradation (bioTPD). Biomater Res 2023; 27:72. [PMID: 37480049 PMCID: PMC10362593 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) is an emerging therapeutic strategy with the potential to modulate disease-associated proteins that have previously been considered undruggable, by employing the host destruction machinery. The exploration and discovery of cellular degradation pathways, including but not limited to proteasomes and lysosome pathways as well as their degraders, is an area of active research. Since the concept of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) was introduced in 2001, the paradigm of TPD has been greatly expanded and moved from academia to industry for clinical translation, with small-molecule TPD being particularly represented. As an indispensable part of TPD, biological TPD (bioTPD) technologies including peptide-, fusion protein-, antibody-, nucleic acid-based bioTPD and others have also emerged and undergone significant advancement in recent years, demonstrating unique and promising activities beyond those of conventional small-molecule TPD. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in bioTPD technologies, summarize their compositional features and potential applications, and briefly discuss their drawbacks. Moreover, we present some strategies to improve the delivery efficacy of bioTPD, addressing their challenges in further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Respirology, The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Runhua Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Fushan Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Kongjun Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Liuhai Zheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Respirology, The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Pan Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Respirology, The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Guangwei Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Dai
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Respirology, The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chengchao Xu
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Respirology, The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, P. R. China
| | - Le Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China.
| | - Zhijie Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Respirology, The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Jigang Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Respirology, The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, P. R. China.
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Sánchez-Méndez JI, Horstmann M, Méndez N, Frías L, Moreno E, Yébenes L, Roca MJ, Hernández A, Martí C. Surgical Interest of an Accurate Real-World Prediction of Primary Systemic Therapy Response in HER2 Breast Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2757. [PMID: 37345094 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched breast cancers (BC) present the highest rates of pathological response to primary systemic therapy (PST), but they are also the ones that tend to be larger at diagnosis, with microcalcifications and, often, with axillary involvement. If we do not have a reliable method to predict the degree of response, we may not be able to transfer the benefits of PST to surgery. The post-PST surgery planning is guided by the findings in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), whose predictive capacity, although high, is far from optimal. Thus, it seems interesting to find other variables to improve it. A retrospective observational study including women with HER2 BC treated with PST and further surgery was conducted. Information regarding clinical, radiological, and histopathological variables was gathered from a total of 132 patients included. Radiological complete response (rCR) was achieved in 65.9% of the sample, and pathological complete response (pCR), according to Miller and Payne criteria, in 58.3% of cases. A higher Ki67 value, the absence of Hormonal Receptors expression, and an rCR was significantly related to a pCR finding. This information impacts directly in surgery planning, as it permits adjustment of the breast resection volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ignacio Sánchez-Méndez
- Breast Unit, Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, University Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Horstmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Nieves Méndez
- Breast Unit, Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, University Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Frías
- Breast Unit, Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, University Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Moreno
- Breast Unit, Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, University Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Yébenes
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Breast Unit, Pathology Department, University Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mᵃ José Roca
- Breast Unit, Radiology Department, University Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Hernández
- Breast Unit, Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, University Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Covadonga Martí
- Breast Unit, Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, University Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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Kemmer S, Berdiel-Acer M, Reinz E, Sonntag J, Tarade N, Bernhardt S, Fehling-Kaschek M, Hasmann M, Korf U, Wiemann S, Timmer J. Disentangling ERBB Signaling in Breast Cancer Subtypes-A Model-Based Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102379. [PMID: 35625984 PMCID: PMC9139462 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer subtypes are characterized by the expression and activity of estrogen-, progesterone- and HER2-receptors and differ by the treatment as well as patient prognosis. Tumors of the HER2-subtype overexpress this receptor and are successfully targeted with anti-HER2 therapies. We wanted to know if the HER2-receptor and the downstream signaling network act similarly also in the other subtypes and if this network could potentially be a therapeutic target beyond the HER2-positive subtype. To this end, we quantitatively assessed the wiring of signaling events in the individual subtypes to unravel the characteristics of HER-signaling. Our data along with a model-based analysis suggest that major parts of the intracellular signal transduction network are unchanged between the different breast cancer subtypes and that the clinical differences mostly come from the different levels at which these receptors are present in tumor cells as well as from the particular mutations that are present in individual tumors. Abstract Targeted therapies have shown striking success in the treatment of cancer over the last years. However, their specific effects on an individual tumor appear to be varying and difficult to predict. Using an integrative modeling approach that combines mechanistic and regression modeling, we gained insights into the response mechanisms of breast cancer cells due to different ligand–drug combinations. The multi-pathway model, capturing ERBB receptor signaling as well as downstream MAPK and PI3K pathways was calibrated on time-resolved data of the luminal breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and T47D across an array of four ligands and five drugs. The same model was then successfully applied to triple negative and HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines, requiring adjustments mostly for the respective receptor compositions within these cell lines. The additional relevance of cell-line-specific mutations in the MAPK and PI3K pathway components was identified via L1 regularization, where the impact of these mutations on pathway activation was uncovered. Finally, we predicted and experimentally validated the proliferation response of cells to drug co-treatments. We developed a unified mathematical model that can describe the ERBB receptor and downstream signaling in response to therapeutic drugs targeting this clinically relevant signaling network in cell line that represent three major subtypes of breast cancer. Our data and model suggest that alterations in this network could render anti-HER therapies relevant beyond the HER2-positive subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Kemmer
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.K.); (M.F.-K.)
- FDM—Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mireia Berdiel-Acer
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.-A.); (E.R.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.B.); (U.K.)
| | - Eileen Reinz
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.-A.); (E.R.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.B.); (U.K.)
| | - Johanna Sonntag
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.-A.); (E.R.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.B.); (U.K.)
| | - Nooraldeen Tarade
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.-A.); (E.R.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.B.); (U.K.)
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Bernhardt
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.-A.); (E.R.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.B.); (U.K.)
| | - Mirjam Fehling-Kaschek
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.K.); (M.F.-K.)
- FDM—Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Korf
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.-A.); (E.R.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.B.); (U.K.)
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.-A.); (E.R.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.B.); (U.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Jens Timmer
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.K.); (M.F.-K.)
- FDM—Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (J.T.)
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5
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Met–HER3 crosstalk supports proliferation via MPZL3 in MET-amplified cancer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:178. [PMID: 35249128 PMCID: PMC8898245 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04149-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractReceptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are recognized as targets of precision medicine in human cancer upon their gene amplification or constitutive activation, resulting in increased downstream signal complexity including heterotypic crosstalk with other RTKs. The Met RTK exhibits such reciprocal crosstalk with several members of the human EGFR (HER) family of RTKs when amplified in cancer cells. We show that Met signaling converges on HER3–tyrosine phosphorylation across a panel of seven MET-amplified cancer cell lines and that HER3 is required for cancer cell expansion and oncogenic capacity in vitro and in vivo. Gene expression analysis of HER3-depleted cells identified MPZL3, encoding a single-pass transmembrane protein, as HER3-dependent effector in multiple MET-amplified cancer cell lines. MPZL3 interacts with HER3 and MPZL3 loss phenocopies HER3 loss in MET-amplified cells, while MPZL3 overexpression can partially rescue proliferation upon HER3 depletion. Together, these data support an oncogenic role for a HER3–MPZL3 axis in MET-amplified cancers.
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Zhou Z, Zhang C, Ma Z, Wang H, Tuo B, Cheng X, Liu X, Li T. Pathophysiological role of ion channels and transporters in HER2-positive breast cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1097-1104. [PMID: 34997219 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00407-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of breast cancer (BC) has been increasing each year, and BC is now the most common malignant tumor in women. Among the numerous BC subtypes, HER2-positive BC can be treated with a variety of strategies based on targeting HER2. Although there has been great progress in the treatment of HER2-positive BC, recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance remain considerable challenges. The dysfunction of ion channels and transporters can affect the development and progression of HER2-positive BC, so these entities are expected to be new therapeutic targets. This review summarizes various ion channels and transporters associated with HER2-positive BC and suggests potential targets for the development of new and effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxing Zhou
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chengmin Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Cheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Taolang Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou Province, China.
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7
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Zhu Y, Zhu X, Wei X, Tang C, Zhang W. HER2-targeted therapies in gastric cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188549. [PMID: 33894300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular targeted therapy of cancer has always been the focus of clinicians. Among those therapeutic targets, the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) signaling pathway is one of the most popular targets for translational research in cancer. However, unlike prospect in breast cancer, HER-2 inhibitor trastuzumab is the only molecular targeted drug approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the first-line treatment of HER-2 positive advanced gastric cancer. On this basis, a variety of novel HER2- targeted drugs for gastric cancer are under development, and related clinical researches are in full swing, including small molecular kinase inhibitors (e.g., afatinib, neratinib, pyrotinib), antibody-drug conjugates (e.g., DS-8201a, RC48-ADC) and other novel therapies (e.g., ZW25, CAR-T, BVAC-B). In this study, we will summarize the recent advances in anti-HER-2 agents, potential mechanisms of resistance to HER2-targeted therapy in HER2-positive gastric cancer. We will also discuss the future prospects of potential strategies to overcome anti-HER-2 resistance and development of novel anti-HER-2 approaches for the treatment of HER2-positive gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xuedan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Cuiju Tang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
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8
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Wang Z, Goto Y, Allevato MM, Wu VH, Saddawi-Konefka R, Gilardi M, Alvarado D, Yung BS, O'Farrell A, Molinolo AA, Duvvuri U, Grandis JR, Califano JA, Cohen EEW, Gutkind JS. Disruption of the HER3-PI3K-mTOR oncogenic signaling axis and PD-1 blockade as a multimodal precision immunotherapy in head and neck cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2383. [PMID: 33888713 PMCID: PMC8062674 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22619-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has revolutionized head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment, but <20% of patients achieve durable responses. Persistent activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling circuitry represents a key oncogenic driver in HNSCC; however, the potential immunosuppressive effects of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors may limit the benefit of their combination with ICB. Here we employ an unbiased kinome-wide siRNA screen to reveal that HER3, is essential for the proliferation of most HNSCC cells that do not harbor PIK3CA mutations. Indeed, we find that persistent tyrosine phosphorylation of HER3 and PI3K recruitment underlies aberrant PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in PIK3CA wild type HNSCCs. Remarkably, antibody-mediated HER3 blockade exerts a potent anti-tumor effect by suppressing HER3-PI3K-AKT-mTOR oncogenic signaling and concomitantly reversing the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment. Ultimately, we show that HER3 inhibition and PD-1 blockade may provide a multimodal precision immunotherapeutic approach for PIK3CA wild type HNSCC, aimed at achieving durable cancer remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yusuke Goto
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael M Allevato
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Victoria H Wu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert Saddawi-Konefka
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Mara Gilardi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Bryan S Yung
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aoife O'Farrell
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alfredo A Molinolo
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Umamaheswar Duvvuri
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph A Califano
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ezra E W Cohen
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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9
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Kanda Y, Mizuno A, Takasaki T, Satoh R, Hagihara K, Masuko T, Endo Y, Tanabe G, Sugiura R. Down-regulation of dual-specificity phosphatase 6, a negative regulator of oncogenic ERK signaling, by ACA-28 induces apoptosis in NIH/3T3 cells overexpressing HER2/ErbB2. Genes Cells 2020; 26:109-116. [PMID: 33249692 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) is a key negative feedback regulator of the member of the RAS-ERK MAPK signaling pathway that is associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation. Deterioration of DUSP6 expression could therefore result in deregulated growth activity. We have previously discovered ACA-28, a novel anticancer compound with a unique property to stimulate ERK phosphorylation and induce apoptosis in ERK-active melanoma cells. However, the mechanism of cancer cell-specific-apoptosis by ACA-28 remains obscure. Here, we investigated the involvement of DUSP6 in the mechanisms of the ACA-28-mediated apoptosis by using the NIH/3T3 cells overexpressing HER2/ErbB2 (A4-15 cells), as A4-15 exhibited higher ERK phosphorylation and are more susceptible to ACA-28 than NIH/3T3. We showed that A4-15 exhibited high DUSP6 protein levels, which require ERK activation. Notably, the silencing of the DUDSP6 gene by siRNA inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in A4-15, but not in NIH/3T3, indicating that A4-15 requires high DUSP6 expression for growth. Importantly, ACA-28 preferentially down-regulated the DUSP6 protein and proliferation in A4-15 via the proteasome, while it stimulated ERK phosphorylation. Collectively, the up-regulation of DUSP6 may exert a growth-promoting role in cancer cells overexpressing HER2. DUSP6 down-regulation in ERK-active cancer cells might have the potential as a novel cancer measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kanda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayami Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Teruaki Takasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Satoh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Kanako Hagihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Masuko
- Laboratory of Natural Drug Resources, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Endo
- Laboratory of Natural Drug Resources, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Genzoh Tanabe
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Reiko Sugiura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Japan.,Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
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10
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Abstract
Pseudokinases are members of the protein kinase superfamily but signal primarily through noncatalytic mechanisms. Many pseudokinases contribute to the pathologies of human diseases, yet they remain largely unexplored as drug targets owing to challenges associated with modulation of their biological functions. Our understanding of the structure and physiological roles of pseudokinases has improved substantially over the past decade, revealing intriguing similarities between pseudokinases and their catalytically active counterparts. Pseudokinases often adopt conformations that are analogous to those seen in catalytically active kinases and, in some cases, can also bind metal cations and/or nucleotides. Several clinically approved kinase inhibitors have been shown to influence the noncatalytic functions of active kinases, providing hope that similar properties in pseudokinases could be pharmacologically regulated. In this Review, we discuss known roles of pseudokinases in disease, their unique structural features and the progress that has been made towards developing pseudokinase-directed therapeutics.
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11
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Zhang Y, Wu S, Zhuang X, Weng G, Fan J, Yang X, Xu Y, Pan L, Hou T, Zhou Z, Chen S. Identification of an Activating Mutation in the Extracellular Domain of HER2 Conferring Resistance to Pertuzumab. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11597-11608. [PMID: 31920346 PMCID: PMC6941612 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s232912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aberrant expression of HER2 is highly associated with tumour occurrence and metastasis, therefore HER2 is extensively targeted for tumour immunotherapy. For example, trastuzumab and pertuzumab are FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies that target HER2-positive tumour cells. Despite their advances in clinical applications, emerging resistance to these two HER2-targeting antibodies has hindered their further application. Somatic mutations in HER2 receptor have been identified as one of the major reasons for resistance to anti-HER2 antibodies. Methods We analysed the frequency of somatic mutations in various tumour types based on TCGA and COSMIC databases. Then, the effect of the most frequent mutation (S310F) on the interaction between pertuzumab and HER2 was analysed by molecular modelling analysis. The effect of the S310F mutation was further evaluated through multiple in vitro binding experiments and antitumour activity assays. Results We found through bioinformatics analysis that S310F, an activating mutation in the HER2 extracellular domain, was the most frequent mutation in HER2. The S310F mutation was shown to confer resistance of HER2-positive tumour cells to pertuzumab treatment. With molecular modelling analysis, we confirmed the possibility that the S310F mutation might disrupt the interaction between pertuzumab and HER2 as a result of a significant change in the critical residue S310. Further functional analyses revealed that the S310F mutation completely abolished pertuzumab binding to HER2 receptor and inhibited pertuzumab antitumour efficacy. Conclusion We demonstrated the loss-of-function mechanism underlying pertuzumab resistance in HER2-positive tumour cells bearing the S310F mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlei Zhuang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoqi Weng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Fan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Yang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Pan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Computer Aided Design and Computer Graphics (CAD&CG), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqing Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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12
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Resistance mechanisms to anti-HER2 therapies in HER2-positive breast cancer: Current knowledge, new research directions and therapeutic perspectives. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 139:53-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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13
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Wu J, Liu H, Chu T, Jiang P, Li ST. Neuregulin-1β attenuates sepsis-induced diaphragm atrophy by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 40:43-51. [PMID: 30989579 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of neuregulin-1β (NRG-1β) on sepsis-induced diaphragm atrophy and the possible underlying mechanisms. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham, sepsis and NRG groups. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). In the NRG group, rats received tail vein injections of NRG-1β (10 μg/kg) every 12 h for 72 h after CLP. At 3 days after surgery, diaphragm contractile forces were measured by determining the force-frequency curve and muscle fiber areas by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Moreover, the NRG-1 expression level in the diaphragm was detected by Western blotting. Furthermore, the proteins in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and its downstream Akt-mTOR and Akt-FOXO axes were detected by Western blotting analysis. In L6 myotubes treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and NRG-1β, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related protein expression was further determined using the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Exogenous NRG-1β could compensate for sepsis-induced diminished NRG-1 in the diaphragm and attenuate the reduction in diaphragm contractile forces and muscle fiber areas during sepsis. Moreover, NRG-1β treatment could activate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the diaphragm during sepsis. The inhibition of p70S6K and 4E-BP1 on the Akt-mTOR axis and the increased expression of Murf1 on the Akt-FOXO axis were reversed after NRG-1 treatment. In addition, NRG-1β could activate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in L6 myotubes treated with LPS, while the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 blocked the effects of NRG-1β. NRG-1 expression in the diaphragm was reduced during sepsis, and exogenously administered recombinant human NRG-1β could attenuate sepsis-induced diaphragm atrophy by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jie Fang Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Hai Ning Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ting Chu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dian Li Road, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jie Fang Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shi-Tong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Hai Ning Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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14
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Sequist LV, Gray JE, Harb WA, Lopez-Chavez A, Doebele RC, Modiano MR, Jackman DM, Baggstrom MQ, Atmaca A, Felip E, Provencio M, Cobo M, Adiwijaya B, Kuesters G, Kamoun WS, Andreas K, Pipas JM, Santillana S, Cho BC, Park K, Shepherd FA. Randomized Phase II Trial of Seribantumab in Combination with Erlotinib in Patients with EGFR Wild-Type Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Oncologist 2019; 24:1095-1102. [PMID: 30975923 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seribantumab (MM-121) is a fully human IgG2 monoclonal antibody that binds to human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3/ErbB3) to block heregulin (HRG/NRG)-mediated ErbB3 signaling and induce receptor downregulation. This open-label, randomized phase 1/2 study evaluated safety and efficacy of seribantumab plus erlotinib in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we report the activity of seribantumab plus erlotinib, versus erlotinib alone, in patients with EGFR wild-type tumors and describe the potential predictive power of HRG. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with EGFR wild-type NSCLC were assigned randomly to receive seribantumab + erlotinib or erlotinib alone. Patients underwent pretreatment core needle biopsy and archived tumor samples were collected to support prespecified biomarker analyses. RESULTS One hundred twenty-nine patients received seribantumab + erlotinib (n = 85) or erlotinib alone (n = 44). Median estimated progression-free survival (PFS) in the unselected intent-to-treat (ITT) population was 8.1 and 7.7 weeks in the experimental and control arm, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 0.822; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37-1.828; p = 0.63), and median estimated overall survival was 27.3 and 40.3 weeks in the experimental and control arm, respectively (HR, 1.395; 95% CI, 0.846 to 2.301; p = .1898) In patients whose tumors had detectable HRG mRNA expression, treatment benefit was observed in the seribantumab + erlotinib combination (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.16-0.76; p = .008). In contrast, in patients whose tumors were HRG negative, the HR was 2.15 (95% CI, 0.97-4.76; p = .059, HRG-by-treatment interaction, p value = .0016). CONCLUSION The addition of seribantumab to erlotinib did not result in improved PFS in unselected patients. However, predefined retrospective exploratory analyses suggest that detectable HRG mRNA levels identified patients who might benefit from seribantumab. An ongoing clinical trial of seribantumab, in combination with docetaxel, is underway in patients with advanced NSCLC and high HRG mRNA expression (NCT02387216). IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The poor prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) underscores the need for more effective treatment options, highlighting the unmet medical need in this patient population. The results of this study show that a novel biomarker, heregulin, may help to identify patients with advanced NSCLC who could benefit from treatment with seribantumab. On the basis of the observed safety profile and promising clinical efficacy, a prospective, randomized, open-label, international, multicenter phase II trial (SHERLOC, NCT02387216) is under way to investigate the efficacy and safety of seribantumab in combination with docetaxel in patients with heregulin-positive advanced adenocarcinoma.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- ErbB Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- Erlotinib Hydrochloride/pharmacology
- Erlotinib Hydrochloride/therapeutic use
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neuregulin-1/analysis
- Neuregulin-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Patient Selection
- Progression-Free Survival
- Receptor, ErbB-3/analysis
- Receptor, ErbB-3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Retrospective Studies
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wael A Harb
- Horizon Oncology Center, Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Ariel Lopez-Chavez
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Akin Atmaca
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Research at Krankenhaus Nordwest, UCT-University Cancer Center, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Manuel Cobo
- Hospital Regional Universitario Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Walid S Kamoun
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen Andreas
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Marc Pipas
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Keunchil Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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15
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Eiger D, Pondé NF, de Azambuja E. Pertuzumab in HER2-positive early breast cancer: current use and perspectives. Future Oncol 2019; 15:1823-1843. [PMID: 30938542 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the prognosis of HER2-positive breast cancer patients has dramatically improved with modern chemotherapy and the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, up to 31% of them will experience a recurrence in the long term. After the unprecedented benefit in overall survival with the addition of the second monoclonal antibody pertuzumab for patients with metastatic disease, the drug was tested with various degrees of success in the preoperative and postoperative settings. In this review, we will focus on the pharmacologic aspects of the drug, including mechanism of action and toxicities, and discuss clinical data regarding its use in advanced and early stage HER2-positive breast cancer, placing in perspective the pros and cons regarding other available drugs and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eiger
- Institut Jules Bordet - Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Medical Oncology Department, Academic Promoting Team at Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Noam Falbel Pondé
- Institut Jules Bordet - Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Medical Oncology Department, Academic Promoting Team at Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evandro de Azambuja
- Institut Jules Bordet - Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Medical Oncology Department, Academic Promoting Team at Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Turowec JP, Lau EWT, Wang X, Brown KR, Fellouse FA, Jawanda KK, Pan J, Moffat J, Sidhu SS. Functional genomic characterization of a synthetic anti-HER3 antibody reveals a role for ubiquitination by RNF41 in the anti-proliferative response. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:1396-1409. [PMID: 30523157 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases is involved in the progression of many cancers. Antibodies targeting the dimerization domains of family members EGFR and HER2 are approved cancer therapeutics, but efficacy is restricted to a subset of tumors and resistance often develops in response to treatment. A third family member, HER3, heterodimerizes with both EGFR and HER2 and has also been implicated in cancer. Consequently, there is strong interest in developing antibodies that target HER3, but to date, no therapeutics have been approved. To aid the development of anti-HER3 antibodies as cancer therapeutics, we combined antibody engineering and functional genomics screens to identify putative mechanisms of resistance or synthetic lethality with antibody-mediated anti-proliferative effects. We developed a synthetic antibody called IgG 95, which binds to HER3 and promotes ubiquitination, internalization, and receptor down-regulation. Using an shRNA library targeting enzymes in the ubiquitin proteasome system, we screened for genes that effect response to IgG 95 and uncovered the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF41 as a driver of IgG 95 anti-proliferative activity. RNF41 has been shown previously to regulate HER3 levels under normal conditions and we now show that it is also responsible for down-regulation of HER3 upon treatment with IgG 95. Moreover, our findings suggest that down-regulation of RNF41 itself may be a mechanism for acquired resistance to treatment with IgG 95 and perhaps other anti-HER3 antibodies. Our work deepens our understanding of HER3 signaling by uncovering the mechanistic basis for the anti-proliferative effects of potential anti-HER3 antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Turowec
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics, The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Esther W T Lau
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics, The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics, The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Kevin R Brown
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics, The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Frederic A Fellouse
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics, The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Kamaldeep K Jawanda
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics, The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - James Pan
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics, The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics, The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics, The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.
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17
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Croessmann S, Formisano L, Kinch LN, Gonzalez-Ericsson PI, Sudhan DR, Nagy RJ, Mathew A, Bernicker EH, Cristofanilli M, He J, Cutler RE, Lalani AS, Miller VA, Lanman RB, Grishin NV, Arteaga CL. Combined Blockade of Activating ERBB2 Mutations and ER Results in Synthetic Lethality of ER+/HER2 Mutant Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:277-289. [PMID: 30314968 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the role of ERBB2-activating mutations in endocrine therapy resistance in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ERBB2 mutation frequency was determined from large genomic databases. Isogenic knock-in ERBB2 mutations in ER+ MCF7 cells and xenografts were used to investigate estrogen-independent growth. Structural analysis was used to determine the molecular interaction of HER L755S with HER3. Small molecules and siRNAs were used to inhibit PI3Kα, TORC1, and HER3. RESULTS Genomic data revealed a higher rate of ERBB2 mutations in metastatic versus primary ER+ tumors. MCF7 cells with isogenically incorporated ERBB2 kinase domain mutations exhibited resistance to estrogen deprivation and to fulvestrant both in vitro and in vivo, despite maintaining inhibition of ERα transcriptional activity. Addition of the irreversible HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor neratinib restored sensitivity to fulvestrant. HER2-mutant MCF7 cells expressed higher levels of p-HER3, p-AKT, and p-S6 than cells with wild-type HER2. Structural analysis of the HER2 L755S variant implicated a more flexible active state, potentially allowing for enhanced dimerization with HER3. Treatment with a PI3Kα inhibitor, a TORC1 inhibitor or HER3 siRNA, but not a MEK inhibitor, restored sensitivity to fulvestrant and to estrogen deprivation. Inhibition of mutant HER2 or TORC1, when combined with fulvestrant, equipotently inhibited growth of MCF7/ERBB2 V777L xenografts, suggesting a role for TORC1 in antiestrogen resistance induced by ERBB2 mutations. CONCLUSIONS ERBB2 mutations hyperactivate the HER3/PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis, leading to antiestrogen resistance in ER+ breast cancer. Dual blockade of the HER2 and ER pathways is required for the treatment of ER+/HER2 mutant breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Croessmann
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lisa N Kinch
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Paula I Gonzalez-Ericsson
- Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dhivya R Sudhan
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Aju Mathew
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | | | - Jie He
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - Nick V Grishin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Biophysics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. .,Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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18
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Nami B, Maadi H, Wang Z. Mechanisms Underlying the Action and Synergism of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab in Targeting HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10100342. [PMID: 30241301 PMCID: PMC6210751 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in 20⁻30% of breast cancers. HER2 is a preferred target for treating HER2-positive breast cancer. Trastuzumab and pertuzumab are two HER2-targeted monoclonal antibodies approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to use as adjuvant therapy in combination with docetaxel to treat metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. Adding the monoclonal antibodies to treatment regimen has changed the paradigm for treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Despite improving outcomes, the percentage of the patients who benefit from the treatment is still low. Continued research and development of novel agents and strategies of drug combinations is needed. A thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the action and synergism of trastuzumab and pertuzumab is essential for moving forward to achieve high efficacy in treating HER2-positive breast cancer. This review examined and analyzed findings and hypotheses regarding the action and synergism of trastuzumab and pertuzumab and proposed a model of synergism based on available information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Nami
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Hamid Maadi
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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19
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Coleman KG, Crews CM. Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras: Harnessing the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System to Induce Degradation of Specific Target Proteins. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030617-050430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig M. Crews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology; Department of Chemistry; and Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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20
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Prevalence and influence on outcome of HER2/neu, HER3 and NRG1 expression in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:717-722. [PMID: 28582279 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to explore the impact of the HER2/neu, HER3 receptor as well as their ligands' neuregulin (NRG1) expression on the outcome of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). NRG1, HER2/neu and HER3 expression was evaluated in 208 patients with mCRC receiving 5-FU/LV plus irinotecan or irinotecan plus oxaliplatin as the first-line treatment. Biomarker expression was correlated with the outcome of patients. NRG1 (low: 192 vs. high: 16), HER2/neu (low: 201 vs. high: 7) and HER3 (low: 69 vs. high: 139) expressions were assessed in 208 patients. High versus low NRG1 expression significantly affected progression-free survival (PFS) [4.7 vs. 8.2 months, hazard ratio (HR): 2.45; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45-4.13; P=0.001], but not overall survival (OS) (15.5 vs. 20.7 months, HR: 1.33; 95% CI: 0.76-2.35; P=0.32). High versus low HER3 expression (PFS: 7.1 vs. 8.8 months, HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.82-1.50; P=0.50; OS: 19.8 vs. 21.1 months, HR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.70-1.30; P=0.75) and high compared with low HER2/neu expression (PFS: 7.7 vs. 8.0 months, HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.71-1.60; P=0.75; OS: 16.6 vs. 21.1 months, HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.75-1.71; P=0.57) did not influence outcome. High NRG1 expression was associated with inferior PFS in the FIRE-1 trial. We did not detect a prognostic impact of HER2/neu and HER3 overexpression in mCRC. The frequency of overexpression was comparable with other studies.
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21
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Alvarado D, Ligon GF, Lillquist JS, Seibel SB, Wallweber G, Neumeister VM, Rimm DL, McMahon G, LaVallee TM. ErbB activation signatures as potential biomarkers for anti-ErbB3 treatment in HNSCC. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181356. [PMID: 28723928 PMCID: PMC5517012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) accounts for 3–5% of all tumor types and remains an unmet medical need with only two targeted therapies approved to date. ErbB3 (HER3), the kinase-impaired member of the EGFR/ErbB family, has been implicated as a disease driver in a number of solid tumors, including a subset of HNSCC. Here we show that the molecular components required for ErbB3 activation, including its ligand neuregulin-1 (NRG1), are highly prevalent in HNSCC and that HER2, but not EGFR, is the major activating ErbB3 kinase partner. We demonstrate that cetuximab treatment primarily inhibits the ERK signaling pathway and KTN3379, an anti-ErbB3 monoclonal antibody, inhibits the AKT signaling pathway, and that dual ErbB receptor inhibition results in enhanced anti-tumor activity in HNSCC models. Surprisingly, we found that while NRG1 is required for ErbB3 activation, it was not sufficient to fully predict for KTN3379 activity. An evaluation of HNSCC patient samples demonstrated that NRG1 expression was significantly associated with expression of the EGFR ligands amphiregulin (AREG) and transforming growth factor α (TGFα). Furthermore, NRG1-positive HNSCC cell lines that secreted high levels of AREG and TGFα or contained high levels of EGFR homodimers (H11D) demonstrated a better response to KTN3379. Although ErbB3 and EGFR activation are uncoupled at the receptor level, their respective signaling pathways are linked through co-expression of their respective ligands. We propose that NRG1 expression and EGFR activation signatures may enrich for improved efficacy of anti-ErbB3 therapeutic mAb approaches when combined with EGFR-targeting therapies in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Alvarado
- Kolltan Pharmaceuticals., New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gwenda F. Ligon
- Kolltan Pharmaceuticals., New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jay S. Lillquist
- Kolltan Pharmaceuticals., New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Scott B. Seibel
- Kolltan Pharmaceuticals., New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Gerald Wallweber
- Monogram Biosciences, Laboratory Corporation of America® Holdings, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Veronique M. Neumeister
- Yale Pathology Tissue Services, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - David L. Rimm
- Yale Pathology Tissue Services, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Gerald McMahon
- Kolltan Pharmaceuticals., New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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22
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Pool M, de Boer HR, Hooge MNLD, van Vugt MA, de Vries EG. Harnessing Integrative Omics to Facilitate Molecular Imaging of the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family for Precision Medicine. Theranostics 2017; 7:2111-2133. [PMID: 28638489 PMCID: PMC5479290 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a growing problem worldwide. The cause of death in cancer patients is often due to treatment-resistant metastatic disease. Many molecularly targeted anticancer drugs have been developed against 'oncogenic driver' pathways. However, these treatments are usually only effective in properly selected patients. Resistance to molecularly targeted drugs through selective pressure on acquired mutations or molecular rewiring can hinder their effectiveness. This review summarizes how molecular imaging techniques can potentially facilitate the optimal implementation of targeted agents. Using the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family as a model in (pre)clinical studies, we illustrate how molecular imaging may be employed to characterize whole body target expression as well as monitor drug effectiveness and the emergence of tumor resistance. We further discuss how an integrative omics discovery platform could guide the selection of 'effect sensors' - new molecular imaging targets - which are dynamic markers that indicate treatment effectiveness or resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pool
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H. Rudolf de Boer
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn N. Lub-de Hooge
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A.T.M. van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth G.E. de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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23
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Satoh R, Hagihara K, Matsuura K, Manse Y, Kita A, Kunoh T, Masuko T, Moriyama M, Moriyama H, Tanabe G, Muraoka O, Sugiura R. Identification of ACA-28, a 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate analogue compound, as a novel modulator of ERK MAPK signaling, which preferentially kills human melanoma cells. Genes Cells 2017; 22:608-618. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Satoh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kindai University; Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Kanako Hagihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kindai University; Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Kazuki Matsuura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kindai University; Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Manse
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kindai University; Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka 577-8502 Japan
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy; Kindai University; Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Ayako Kita
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kindai University; Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kunoh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kindai University; Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Takashi Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kindai University; Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Mariko Moriyama
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute; Kindai University; Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Moriyama
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute; Kindai University; Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Genzoh Tanabe
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy; Kindai University; Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy; Kindai University; Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Reiko Sugiura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kindai University; Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka 577-8502 Japan
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Worthington J, Spain G, Timms JF. Effects of ErbB2 Overexpression on the Proteome and ErbB Ligand-specific Phosphosignaling in Mammary Luminal Epithelial Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:608-621. [PMID: 28174229 PMCID: PMC5383782 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.061267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most breast cancers arise from luminal epithelial cells, and 25–30% of these tumors overexpress the ErbB2/HER2 receptor that correlates with disease progression and poor prognosis. The mechanisms of ErbB2 signaling and the effects of its overexpression are not fully understood. Herein, stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), expression profiling, and phosphopeptide enrichment of a relevant, non-transformed, and immortalized human mammary luminal epithelial cell model were used to profile ErbB2-dependent differences in protein expression and phosphorylation events triggered via EGF receptor (EGF treatment) and ErbB3 (HRG1β treatment) in the context of ErbB2 overexpression. Bioinformatics analysis was used to infer changes in cellular processes and signaling events. We demonstrate the complexity of the responses to oncogene expression and growth factor signaling, and we identify protein changes relevant to ErbB2-dependent altered cellular phenotype, in particular cell cycle progression and hyper-proliferation, reduced adhesion, and enhanced motility. Moreover, we define a novel mechanism by which ErbB signaling suppresses basal interferon signaling that would promote the survival and proliferation of mammary luminal epithelial cells. Numerous novel sites of growth factor-regulated phosphorylation were identified that were enhanced by ErbB2 overexpression, and we putatively link these to altered cell behavior and also highlight the importance of performing parallel protein expression profiling alongside phosphoproteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Worthington
- From the ‡Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia Spain
- From the ‡Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - John F Timms
- From the ‡Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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25
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Morano M, Angotti C, Tullio F, Gambarotta G, Penna C, Pagliaro P, Geuna S. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion upregulates the transcription of the Neuregulin1 receptor ErbB3, but only postconditioning preserves protein translation: Role in oxidative stress. Int J Cardiol 2017; 233:73-79. [PMID: 28162790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.01.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuregulin1 (Nrg1) and its receptors ErbB are crucial for heart development and for adult heart structural maintenance and function and Nrg1 has been proposed for heart failure treatment. Infarct size is the major determinant of heart failure and the mechanism of action and the role of each ErbB receptor remain obscure, especially in the post-ischemic myocardium. We hypothesized that Nrg1 and ErbB are affected at transcriptional level early after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and that the protective postconditioning procedure (PostC, brief cycles of ischemia/reperfusion carried out after a sustained ischemia) can influence this pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS The Langendorff's heart was used as an ex-vivo model to mimic an I/R injury in the whole rat heart; after 30min of ischemia and 2h of reperfusion, with or without PostC, Nrg1 and ErbB expression were analysed by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. While no changes occur for ErbB2, ErbB4 and Nrg1, an increase of ErbB3 expression occurs after I/R injury, with and without PostC. However, I/R reduces ErbB3 protein, whereas PostC preserves it. An in vitro analysis with H9c2 cells exposed to redox-stress indicated that the transient over-expression of ErbB3 alone is able to increase cell survival (MTT assay), limiting mitochondrial dysfunction (JC-1 probe) and apoptotic signals (Bax/Bcl-2 ratio). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests ErbB3 as a protective factor against death pathways activated by redox stress and supports an involvement of this receptor in the pro-survival responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Morano
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Carmelina Angotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Tullio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Torino, Italy
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26
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A ROR1-HER3-lncRNA signalling axis modulates the Hippo-YAP pathway to regulate bone metastasis. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:106-119. [PMID: 28114269 PMCID: PMC5336186 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastases remain as a serious health concern because of limited therapeutic options. Here, we report that crosstalk between ROR1-HER3 and the Hippo-YAP pathway promotes breast cancer bone metastasis in a long noncoding RNA-dependent fashion. Mechanistically, the orphan receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 phosphorylates HER3 at a previously unidentified site Tyr1307, upon neuregulin stimulation, independently of other ErbB family members. p-HER3 Tyr1307 recruits the LLGL2-MAYA-NSUN6 RNA-protein complex to methylate Hippo/MST1 at Lys59. This methylation leads to MST1 inactivation and activation of YAP target genes in tumor cells, which elicits osteoclast differentiation and bone metastasis. Furthermore, increased ROR1, p-HER3 Tyr1307 and MAYA levels correlate with tumor metastasis and unfavorable outcomes. Our data provide insights into the mechanistic regulation and linkage of the ROR1-HER3 and Hippo-YAP pathway in cancer-specific context, and also imply valuable therapeutic targets for bone metastasis and possible therapy-resistant tumors.
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27
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Thokala S, Inapurapu S, Bodiga VL, Vemuri PK, Bodiga S. Loss of ErbB2-PI3K/Akt signaling prevents zinc pyrithione-induced cardioprotection during ischemia/reperfusion. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:309-324. [PMID: 28119233 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine if zinc homeostasis is affected during ischemia/reperfusion, if so, whether zinc pyrithione limits myocardial cell death and improves hemodynamics when administered as an adjunct to reperfusion and if ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases that are important for the long-term structural integrity of the heart are indispensable for reperfusion salvage. METHODS Isolated perfused rat hearts were subjected to 35min of global ischemia and reperfused for 120min to determine the relative intracellular zinc levels by TSQ staining. The hearts were reperfused in the presence of incremental concentrations of zinc pyrithione for the first 10min during reperfusion. Silencing or blockade of ErbB2 using a monoclonal antibody, ErbB2 kinase inhibition and PI3kinase inhibition was used to study their critical role in zinc pyrithione-induced cardioprotection. RESULTS We found that there was a profound decrease in intracellular zinc after ischemia/reperfusion resulting in increased apoptosis, caspase-3 activation, and infarct size. A dose-dependent reduction of infarct size with zinc pyrithione in the range of 5-20μmol/l (optimal protection was seen at 10μmol/l with infarct size of 16±2% vs. I/R vehicle, 33±2%, p<0.01). Increased TUNEL staining and caspase-3 activity observed after ischemia/reperfusion were attenuated by zinc pyrithione administration during the reperfusion. Moreover, this protection was sensitive to silencing and blockade of ErbB2, inhibition of ErbB2 kinase activity or PI3-kinase activity. Western blot analysis revealed that zinc pyrithione resulted in decreased caspase-3 activation, rapid stabilization of ErbB2/ErbB1 heterodimers, and increased activation of PI3K/Akt signaling cascade. CONCLUSIONS Zinc pyrithione attenuates lethal perfusion-induced injury in a manner that is reliant on ErbB2/PI3K/Akt activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Thokala
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya University, Vidyaranyapuri, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Santhipriya Inapurapu
- Institute of Genetics & Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Begumpet, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi Bodiga
- Institute of Genetics & Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Begumpet, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Vemuri
- Department of Biotechnology, KL University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sreedhar Bodiga
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya University, Vidyaranyapuri, Warangal, Telangana, India.
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28
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Abstract
The ErbB receptor family, also known as the EGF receptor family or type I receptor family, includes the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) or ErbB1/Her1, ErbB2/Her2, ErbB3/Her3, and ErbB4/Her4. Among all RTKs, EGFR was the first RTK identified and the first one linked to cancer. Thus, EGFR has also been the most intensively studied among all RTKs. ErbB receptors are activated after homodimerization or heterodimerization. The ErbB family is unique among the various groups of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in that ErbB3 has impaired kinase activity, while ErbB2 does not have a direct ligand. Therefore, heterodimerization is an important mechanism that allows the activation of all ErbB receptors in response to ligand stimulation. The activated ErbB receptors bind to many signaling proteins and stimulate the activation of many signaling pathways. The specificity and potency of intracellular signaling pathways are determined by positive and negative regulators, the specific composition of activating ligand(s), receptor dimer components, and the diverse range of proteins that associate with the tyrosine phosphorylated C-terminal domain of the ErbB receptors. ErbB receptors are overexpressed or mutated in many cancers, especially in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. The overexpression and overactivation of ErbB receptors are correlated with poor prognosis, drug resistance, cancer metastasis, and lower survival rate. ErbB receptors, especially EGFR and ErbB2 have been the primary choices as targets for developing cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Wang
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 835 MSB, 114 St NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2H7.
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29
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Hua J, Sima C, Cypert M, Dougherty ER, Trent JM, Bittner ML. Dynamical Analysis of Drug Efficacy and Mechanism of Action Using GFP Reporters. Biometrics 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0983-7.ch045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To the development of effective cancer drug, it is necessary to, first, identify drugs and their possible combinations that could exert desired control over the type of cancer being considered; second, have a drug testing method that allows one to assess the variety of responses that can be provoked by drugs. To facilitate such an experiment-modeling-experiment cycle for drug development, a method based on the dynamical systems of pathways is presented. It involves a three-state experimental design: (1) formulate an oncologic pathway model of relevant cancer; (2) perturb the pathways with the drugs of known effects on components of the pathways of interest; and (3) measure process activity indicators at various points on cell populations. To evaluate the drug response in a high-throughput manner, a green fluorescent protein reporter-based technology has been developed. The authors apply the dynamical approach to several issues in the context of colon cancer cell lines.
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30
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HER-3 targeting alters the dimerization pattern of ErbB protein family members in breast carcinomas. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5576-97. [PMID: 26716646 PMCID: PMC4868707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast carcinogenesis is a multi-step process in which membrane receptor tyrosine kinases are crucial participants. Lots of research has been done on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER-2 with important clinical results. However, breast cancer patients present intrinsic or acquired resistance to available HER-2-directed therapies, mainly due to HER-3. Using new techniques, such as proximity ligation assay, herein we evaluate the dimerization pattern of HER-3 and the importance of context-dependent dimer formation between HER-3 and other HER protein family members. Additionally, we show that the efficacy of novel HER-3 targeting agents can be better predicted in certain breast cancer patient sub-groups based on the dimerization pattern of HER protein family members. Moreover, this model was also evaluated and reproduced in human paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues.
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31
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Chen JY, Chen YJ, Yen CJ, Chen WS, Huang WC. HBx sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to lapatinib by up-regulating ErbB3. Oncotarget 2016; 7:473-89. [PMID: 26595522 PMCID: PMC4808012 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor prognosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) involves HBV X protein (HBx)-induced tumor progression. HBx also contributes to chemo-resistance via inducing the expressions of anti-apoptosis and multiple drug resistance genes. However, the impact of HBx expression on the therapeutic efficacy of various receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors remains unknown. In this study, our data showed that HBx overexpression did not alter the cellular sensitivity of HCC cell lines to sorafenib but unexpectedly enhanced the cell death induced by EGFR family inhibitors, including gefitinib, erlotinib, and lapatinib due to ErbB3 up-regulation. Mechanistically, HBx transcriptionally up-regulates ErbB3 expression in a NF-κB dependent manner. In addition, HBx also physically interacts with ErbB2 and ErbB3 proteins and enhances the formation of ErbB2/ErbB3 heterodimeric complex. The cell viability of HBx-overexpressing cells was decreased by silencing ErbB3 expression, further revealing the pivotal role of ErbB3 in HBx-mediated cell survival. Our data suggest that HBx shifts the oncogenic addiction of HCC cells to ErbB2/ErbB3 signaling pathway via inducing ErbB3 expression and thereby enhances their sensitivity to EGFR/ErbB2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhen-Yu Chen
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Chen
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Internal Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shu Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chien Huang
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Liu JF, Ray-Coquard I, Selle F, Poveda AM, Cibula D, Hirte H, Hilpert F, Raspagliesi F, Gladieff L, Harter P, Siena S, Del Campo JM, Tabah-Fisch I, Pearlberg J, Moyo V, Riahi K, Nering R, Kubasek W, Adiwijaya B, Czibere A, Naumann RW, Coleman RL, Vergote I, MacBeath G, Pujade-Lauraine E. Randomized Phase II Trial of Seribantumab in Combination With Paclitaxel in Patients With Advanced Platinum-Resistant or -Refractory Ovarian Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:4345-4353. [PMID: 27998236 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.67.1891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Seribantumab is a fully human immunoglobulin G2 monoclonal antibody that binds to human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 3 (ErbB3), blocking heregulin (HRG) -mediated ErbB3 signaling and inducing ErbB3 receptor downregulation. This open-label randomized phase II study evaluated progression-free survival (PFS) with seribantumab in combination with once-per-week paclitaxel compared with paclitaxel alone in patients with platinum-resistant or -refractory ovarian cancer. A key secondary objective was to determine if any of five prespecified biomarkers predicted benefit from seribantumab. Patients and Methods Patients with platinum-resistant or -refractory epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer were randomly assigned at a ratio of two to one to receive seribantumab plus paclitaxel or paclitaxel alone. Patients underwent pretreatment core needle biopsy; archival tumor samples were also obtained to support biomarker analyses. Results A total of 223 patients were randomly assigned (seribantumab plus paclitaxel, n = 140; paclitaxel alone, n = 83). Median PFS in the unselected intent-to-treat population was 3.75 months with seribantumab plus paclitaxel compared with 3.68 months with paclitaxel alone (hazard ratio [HR], 1.027; 95% CI, 0.741 to 1.425; P = .864). Among patients whose tumors had detectable HRG mRNA and low HER2 (n = 57 [38%] of 151 with available biomarker data), increased treatment benefit was observed in those receiving seribantumab plus paclitaxel compared with paclitaxel alone (PFS HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.76; P = .007). The HR in patients not meeting these criteria was 1.80 (95% CI, 1.08 to 2.98; P = .023). Conclusion The addition of seribantumab to paclitaxel did not result in improved PFS in unselected patients. Exploratory analyses suggest that detectable HRG and low HER2, biomarkers that link directly to the mechanism of action of seribantumab, identified patients who might benefit from this combination. Future clinical trials are needed to validate this finding and should preselect for HRG expression and focus on cancers with low HER2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce F Liu
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Ray-Coquard
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederic Selle
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrés M Poveda
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Cibula
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hal Hirte
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Felix Hilpert
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Raspagliesi
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurence Gladieff
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philipp Harter
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Salvatore Siena
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Josep Maria Del Campo
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Tabah-Fisch
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joseph Pearlberg
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Victor Moyo
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaveh Riahi
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rachel Nering
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - William Kubasek
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bambang Adiwijaya
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Akos Czibere
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Wendel Naumann
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert L Coleman
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gavin MacBeath
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Pujade-Lauraine
- Joyce F. Liu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Isabelle Tabah-Fisch and Joseph Pearlberg, Sanofi Oncology; Victor Moyo, Kaveh Riahi, Rachel Nering, William Kubasek, Bambang Adiwijaya, Akos Czibere, and Gavin MacBeath, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA; R. Wendel Naumann, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Robert L. Coleman, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard, and Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Lyon; Frederic Selle, Hôpital Tenon and GINECO; Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes, and GINECO, Paris; Laurence Gladieff, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, and GINECO, Toulouse, France; Andrés M. Poveda, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia; Josep Maria del Campo, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and GEICO, Barcelona, Spain; David Cibula, General University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hal Hirte, Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Felix Hilpert, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Philipp Harter, Kliniken Essen Mitte and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany; Francesco Raspagliesi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Siena, Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; and Ignace Vergote, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
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Kawasaki Y, Sakimura A, Park CM, Tomaru R, Tanaka T, Ozawa T, Zhou Y, Narita K, Kishi H, Muraguchi A, Sakurai H. Feedback control of ErbB2 via ERK-mediated phosphorylation of a conserved threonine in the juxtamembrane domain. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31502. [PMID: 27531070 PMCID: PMC4987620 DOI: 10.1038/srep31502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase activity of the asymmetric EGFR homodimer is negatively regulated via ERK-mediated phosphorylation of Thr-669 in the juxtamembrane domain. In the present study, we investigated in human breast cancer cells whether a similar mechanism plays a role in the feedback regulation of the ErbB2/ErbB3 heterodimer, the most potent ErbB receptor dimer. Constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation of ErbB2 and ErbB3 was significantly decreased in phorbol ester- and growth factor-treated BT-474 and MDA-MB-453 cells. In contrast to the decreased tyrosine phosphorylation, Phos-tag Western blot analysis revealed that TPA induced phosphorylation of ErbB2 in an ERK-dependent manner. The target threonine residue corresponding to EGFR Thr-669 and the surrounding residues are highly conserved in ErbB2, but not in ErbB3. Therefore, we demonstrated ERK-mediated phosphorylation of ErbB2 at Thr-677 by generating phospho-specific monoclonal antibodies. Moreover, treatment with trametinib and SCH772984, inhibitors of the MEK-ERK pathway, and substitution of Thr-677 to alanine impaired the feedback inhibition of ErbB2 and ErbB3. These results demonstrated that ERK-mediated phosphorylation of the conserved threonine is a common mechanism for the negative feedback control of active ErbB receptor dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kawasaki
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sakimura
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Chul Min Park
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Rika Tomaru
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kaori Narita
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Muraguchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Sheng X, Wang Z. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 regulates multiple signaling pathways to promote lung cancer cell proliferation. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:567. [PMID: 27480244 PMCID: PMC4970276 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2632-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) catalyzes the formation of symmetrical dimethylation of arginine residues in proteins. WD repeat domain 77 (WDR77), also known as p44, MEP50, or WD45, forms a stoichiometric complex with PRMT5. The PRMT5/p44 complex is required for cellular proliferation of lung and prostate epithelial cells during earlier stages of development and is re-activated during prostate and lung tumorigenesis. The molecular mechanisms by which PRMT5 and p44 promote cellular proliferation are unknown. METHODS Expression of PRMT5 and p44 in lung and prostate cancer cells was silenced and their target genes were identified. The regulation of target genes was validated in various cancer cells during lung development and tumorigenesis. Altered expression of target genes was achieved by ectopic cDNA expression and shRNA-mediated silencing. RESULTS PRMT5 and p44 regulate expression of a specific set of genes encoding growth and anti-growth factors, including receptor tyrosine kinases and antiproliferative proteins. Genes whose expression was suppressed by PRMT5 and p44 encoded anti-growth factors and inhibited cell growth when ectopically expressed. In contrast, genes whose expression was enhanced by PRMT5 and p44 encoded growth factors and increased cell growth when expressed. Altered expression of target genes is associated with re-activation of PRMT5 and p44 during lung tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide the molecular basis by which PRMT5 and p44 regulate cell growth and lay a foundation for further investigation of their role in lung tumor initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Sheng
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 2012013 China
| | - Zhengxin Wang
- The Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Drive, S.W, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA
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35
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Liu W, Barnette AR, Andreansky S, Landgraf R. ERBB2 Overexpression Establishes ERBB3-Dependent Hypersensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells to Withaferin A. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2750-2757. [PMID: 27474152 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The catalytically deficient ERBB3 strongly synergizes with the receptor tyrosine kinase ERBB2, and elevated levels represent an overall risk factor for unfavorable disease outcomes in breast cancer. Although itself not a target of pan-ERBB kinase inhibitors, it contributes to resistance in ERBB2-targeted treatment regiments. The steroidal lactone Withaferin A (WA) has established broad anticancer properties through several modes of action and was shown to be effective against triple-negative breast cancers at elevated concentrations. We found that ERBB2 overexpression does render cells hypersensitive to WA. Although ERBB2 downregulation is one aspect of WA treatment at high concentrations, it is not causal for the elevated sensitivity at lower dosages. Instead, WA targets the ability of ERBB3 to amplify ERBB2 signaling. ERBB3 receptor levels, constitutive phosphorylation of both ERBB3 and ERBB2, as well as signaling through AKT are eliminated by WA treatment. By targeting ERBB2/ERBB3 as a functional unit, it is also effective in cases in which ERBB2-directed inhibitors, such as lapatinib, alone show reduced potency. Hence, WA or derivatives thereof may present a low toxicity addition to ERBB2-targeting therapeutics, especially in cases in which ERBB3 involvement is driving resistance or reduced overall sensitivity. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(11); 2750-7. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Annalise R Barnette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Samita Andreansky
- Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Ralf Landgraf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida. .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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Heregulin/ErbB3 Signaling Enhances CXCR4-Driven Rac1 Activation and Breast Cancer Cell Motility via Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:2011-26. [PMID: 27185877 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00180-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth factor heregulin (HRG), a ligand of ErbB3 and ErbB4 receptors, contributes to breast cancer development and the promotion of metastatic disease, and its expression in breast tumors has been associated with poor clinical outcome and resistance to therapy. In this study, we found that breast cancer cells exposed to sustained HRG treatment show markedly enhanced Rac1 activation and migratory activity in response to the CXCR4 ligand SDF-1/CXCL12, effects mediated by P-Rex1, a Rac-guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) aberrantly expressed in breast cancer. Notably, HRG treatment upregulates surface expression levels of CXCR4, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) implicated in breast cancer metastasis and an indicator of poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. A detailed mechanistic analysis revealed that CXCR4 upregulation and sensitization of the Rac response/motility by HRG are mediated by the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) via ErbB3 and independently of ErbB4. HRG caused prominent induction in the nuclear expression of HIF-1α, which transcriptionally activates the CXCR4 gene via binding to a responsive element located in positions -1376 to -1372 in the CXCR4 promoter, as revealed by mutagenesis analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Our results uncovered a novel function for ErbB3 in enhancing breast cancer cell motility and sensitization of the P-Rex1/Rac1 pathway through HIF-1α-mediated transcriptional induction of CXCR4.
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Elliott JE, Greising SM, Mantilla CB, Sieck GC. Functional impact of sarcopenia in respiratory muscles. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2016; 226:137-46. [PMID: 26467183 PMCID: PMC4838572 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The risk for respiratory complications and infections is substantially increased in old age, which may be due, in part, to sarcopenia (aging-related weakness and atrophy) of the diaphragm muscle (DIAm), reducing its force generating capacity and impairing the ability to perform expulsive non-ventilatory motor behaviors critical for airway clearance. The aging-related reduction in DIAm force generating capacity is due to selective atrophy of higher force generating type IIx and/or IIb muscle fibers, whereas lower force generating type I and IIa muscle fiber sizes are preserved. Fiber type specific DIAm atrophy is also seen following unilateral phrenic nerve denervation and in other neurodegenerative disorders. Accordingly, the effect of aging on DIAm function resembles that of neurodegeneration and suggests possible common mechanisms, such as the involvement of several neurotrophic factors in mediating DIAm sarcopenia. This review will focus on changes in two neurotrophic signaling pathways that represent potential mechanisms underlying the aging-related fiber type specific DIAm atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Elliott
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sarah M Greising
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Carlos B Mantilla
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Luque-Cabal M, García-Teijido P, Fernández-Pérez Y, Sánchez-Lorenzo L, Palacio-Vázquez I. Mechanisms Behind the Resistance to Trastuzumab in HER2-Amplified Breast Cancer and Strategies to Overcome It. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2016; 10:21-30. [PMID: 27042153 PMCID: PMC4811269 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s34537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of trastuzumab therapy markedly improved the poor prognosis associated with HER2-amplified breast cancers. Despite this, the presence of primary and acquired resistance to trastuzumab treatment remains a significant common challenge. The identification of resistance mechanisms and the incorporation of new drugs that achieve a better blockade of HER family receptors signaling have resulted in improved outcomes. The phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, cross-talk with estrogen receptors, immune response, cell cycle control mechanisms, and other tyrosine kinase receptors such as insulin-like growth factor I receptor are potential pathways involved in trastuzumab resistance. Different therapeutic interventions targeting these pathways are currently under evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luque-Cabal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Yolanda Fernández-Pérez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Luisa Sánchez-Lorenzo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Isabel Palacio-Vázquez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Sheng X, Bowen N, Wang Z. GLI pathogenesis-related 1 functions as a tumor-suppressor in lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:25. [PMID: 26988096 PMCID: PMC4797332 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GLI pathogenesis-related 1 (GLIPR1) was originally identified in glioblastomas and its expression was also found to be down-regulated in prostate cancer. Functional studies revealed both growth suppression and proapoptotic activities for GLIPR1 in multiple cancer cell lines. GLIPR1’s role in lung cancer has not been investigated. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a protein arginine methyltransferase and forms a stoichiometric complex with the WD repeat domain 77 (WDR77) protein. Both PRMT5 and WDR77 are essential for growth of lung epithelial and cancer cells. But additional gene products that interact genetically or biochemichally with PRMT5 and WDR77 in the control of lung cancer cell growth are not characterized. Methods DNA microarray and immunostaining were used to detect GLIPR1 expression during lung development and lung tumorigenesis. GLIPR1 expression was also analyzed in the TCGA lung cancer cohort. The consequence of GLIPR1 on growth of lung cancer cells in the tissue culture and lung tumor xenografts in the nude mice was observed. Results We found that GLIPR1 expression is negatively associated with PRMT5/WDR77. GLIPR1 is absent in growing epithelial cells at the early stages of mouse lung development and highly expressed in the adult lung. Expression of GLIPR1 was down-regulated during lung tumorigenesis and its expression suppressed growth of lung cancer cells in the tissue culture and lung tumor xenografts in mice. GLIPR1 regulates lung cancer growth through the V-Erb-B avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 3 (ErbB3). Conclusions This study reveals a novel pathway that PRMT5/WDR77 regulates GLIPR1 expression to control lung cancer cell growth and GLIPR1 as a potential therapeutic agent for lung cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-016-0508-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Sheng
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.,The Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Drive, S.W., Atlanta, Georgia, 30314, USA
| | - Nathan Bowen
- The Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Drive, S.W., Atlanta, Georgia, 30314, USA
| | - Zhengxin Wang
- The Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Drive, S.W., Atlanta, Georgia, 30314, USA.
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40
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Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching Analysis of the Diffusional Mobility of Plasma Membrane Proteins: HER3 Mobility in Breast Cancer Cell Membranes. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1376:97-105. [PMID: 26552678 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3170-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) method is a straightforward means of assessing the diffusional mobility of membrane-associated proteins that is readily performed with current confocal microscopy instrumentation. We describe here the specific application of the FRAP method in characterizing the lateral diffusion of genetically encoded green fluorescence protein (GFP)-tagged plasma membrane receptor proteins. The method is exemplified in an examination of whether the previously observed segregation of the mammalian HER3 receptor protein in discrete plasma membrane microdomains results from its physical interaction with cellular entities that restrict its mobility. Our FRAP measurements of the diffusional mobility of GFP-tagged HER3 reporters expressed in MCF7 cultured breast cancer cells showed that despite the observed segregation of HER3 receptors within plasma membrane microdomains their diffusion on the macroscopic scale is not spatially restricted. Thus, in FRAP analyses of various HER3 reporters a near-complete recovery of fluorescence after photobleaching was observed, indicating that HER3 receptors are not immobilized by long-lived physical interactions with intracellular species. An examination of HER3 proteins with varying intracellular domain sequence truncations also indicated that a proposed formation of oligomeric HER3 networks, mediated by physical interactions involving specific HER3 intracellular domain sequences, either does not occur or does not significantly reduce HER3 mobility on the macroscopic scale.
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41
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Chen S, Huang W, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang W, Zhou M, Gao X, Zhang X. Soluble CD44 and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in patients with acute primary angle closure. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93:e261-5. [PMID: 25306926 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) in acute primary angle closure (APAC) can cause huge damage to the variable cells in the eye; however, the mechanisms that connect the two processes still remain unclear. In this study, we aim to evaluate the levels of soluble CD44 (sCD44) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the aqueous humour of acute primary angle closure patients. METHODS This study included 24 eyes of 24 APAC patients (11 eyes with current APAC and 13 eyes with previous APAC) and 15 eyes of 15 cataract subjects. Clinical data were acquired, and aqueous humour was collected. The levels of sCD44 and VEGF in the aqueous humour were determined by ELISA and magnetic bead immunoassay technique. RESULTS The concentrations of the sCD44 and VEGF in the current APAC were 9.9 ± 8.8 ng/ml and 2440.2 ± 2107.1 ng/ml, respectively, which were significantly higher when compared to the previous APAC group (p = 0.001) and cataract (p < 0.001); however, there were no significant differences between the group with previous APAC and with cataract. Higher IOP was associated with higher concentration of sCD44 (Rho = 0.617, p = 0.001). The concentration of the VEGF in aqueous humour of APAC patients was closely related to the sCD44 levels (Rho = 0.752, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION After acute increase of IOP in the APAC, the level of sCD44 and VEGF increased significantly in the aqueous humour. The damage due to high IOP may therefore be mediated through the release of sCD44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shida Chen
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Wenbin Huang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Wei Wang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Minwen Zhou
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xinbo Gao
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiulan Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
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42
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Trono P, Di Modugno F, Circo R, Spada S, Di Benedetto A, Melchionna R, Palermo B, Matteoni S, Soddu S, Mottolese M, De Maria R, Nisticò P. hMENA(11a) contributes to HER3-mediated resistance to PI3K inhibitors in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2015; 35:887-96. [PMID: 25961924 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human Mena (hMENA), an actin regulatory protein of the ENA/VASP family, cooperates with ErbB receptor family signaling in breast cancer. It is overexpressed in high-risk preneoplastic lesions and in primary breast tumors where it correlates with HER2 overexpression and an activated status of AKT and MAPK. The concomitant overexpression of hMENA and HER2 in breast cancer patients is indicative of a worse prognosis. hMENA is expressed along with alternatively expressed isoforms, hMENA(11a) and hMENAΔv6 with opposite functions. A novel role for the epithelial-associated hMENA(11a) isoform in sustaining HER3 activation and pro-survival pathways in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells has been identified by reverse phase protein array and validated in vivo in a series of breast cancer tissues. As HER3 activation is crucial in mechanisms of cell resistance to PI3K inhibitors, we explored whether hMENA(11a) is involved in these resistance mechanisms. The specific hMENA(11a) depletion switched off the HER3-related pathway activated by PI3K inhibitors and impaired the nuclear accumulation of HER3 transcription factor FOXO3a induced by PI3K inhibitors, whereas PI3K inhibitors activated hMENA(11a) phosphorylation and affected its localization. At the functional level, we found that hMENA(11a) sustains cell proliferation and survival in response to PI3K inhibitor treatment, whereas hMENA(11a) silencing increases molecules involved in cancer cell apoptosis. As shown in three-dimensional cultures, hMENA(11a) contributes to resistance to PI3K inhibition because its depletion drastically reduced cell viability upon treatment with PI3K inhibitor BEZ235. Altogether, these results indicate that hMENA(11a) in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells sustains HER3/AKT axis activation and contributes to HER3-mediated resistance mechanisms to PI3K inhibitors. Thus, hMENA(11a) expression can be proposed as a marker of HER3 activation and resistance to PI3K inhibition therapies, to select patients who may benefit from these combined targeted treatments. hMENA(11a) activity could represent a new target for antiproliferative therapies in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Trono
- Laboratory of Immunology, Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - F Di Modugno
- Laboratory of Immunology, Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - R Circo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - S Spada
- Laboratory of Immunology, Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Di Benedetto
- Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - R Melchionna
- Laboratory of Immunology, Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - B Palermo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Matteoni
- Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - S Soddu
- Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - M Mottolese
- Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - R De Maria
- Scientific Direction, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - P Nisticò
- Laboratory of Immunology, Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Kawamoto T, Ishige K, Thomas M, Yamashita-Kashima Y, Shu S, Ishikura N, Ariizumi S, Yamamoto M, Kurosaki K, Shoda J. Overexpression and gene amplification of EGFR, HER2, and HER3 in biliary tract carcinomas, and the possibility for therapy with the HER2-targeting antibody pertuzumab. J Gastroenterol 2015; 50:467-79. [PMID: 25112701 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-014-0984-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pertuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to HER2 at an epitope that prevents HER2 from dimerizing with ligand-activated HER-family receptors. To assess the potential of pertuzumab as a new therapy, the expression status of HER family members was determined in biliary tract carcinoma (BTC), and the antitumor activity of pertuzumab was investigated by assessing the inhibition of BTC cell growth. METHODS The expression status of HER family members in 113 archival specimens of BTC was analyzed by using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Using ten BTC cell lines, heregulin-alpha (HRG-α) stimulated cell proliferation and its inhibition by pertuzumab was tested in vitro. The phosphorylated HER family proteins and their respective downstream molecules were analyzed. In vivo antitumor activity of pertuzumab was evaluated in a xenograft model. RESULTS Protein overexpression of HER2 and/or HER3 was observed in 23-34 % of the specimens and gene amplification in 17-27 %. Seven of the ten cell lines showed HER2 and/or HER3 protein overexpression and gene amplification, and HRG-α stimulated cell proliferation was observed in four of the ten cell lines. In a BTC cell line co-overexpressing HER2 and HER3, pertuzumab potently inhibited the HRG-α stimulated cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and completely blocked the phosphorylation of HER3. Suppression of downstream pathway molecules including p-AKT was also observed. Pertuzumab inhibited the in vivo growth of subcutaneous tumors, and increased the number of apoptotic cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Pertuzumab exerts potent antitumor activity in BTC cells co-overexpressing HER2 and HER3. Pertuzumab provides a new therapeutic option against BTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kawamoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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44
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Kang JC, Poovassery JS, Bansal P, You S, Manjarres IM, Ober RJ, Ward ES. Engineering multivalent antibodies to target heregulin-induced HER3 signaling in breast cancer cells. MAbs 2013; 6:340-53. [PMID: 24492289 PMCID: PMC3984324 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.27658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of antibodies in therapy and diagnosis has undergone an unprecedented expansion during the past two decades. This is due in part to innovations in antibody engineering that now offer opportunities for the production of “second generation” antibodies with multiple specificities or altered valencies. The targeting of individual components of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)3-PI3K signaling axis, including the preferred heterodimerization partner HER2, is known to have limited anti-tumor effects. The efficacy of antibodies or small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in targeting this axis is further reduced by the presence of the HER3 ligand, heregulin. To address these shortcomings, we performed a comparative analysis of two distinct approaches toward reducing the proliferation and signaling in HER2 overexpressing tumor cells in the presence of heregulin. These strategies both involve the use of engineered antibodies in combination with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/HER2 specific TKI, lapatinib. In the first approach, we generated a bispecific anti-HER2/HER3 antibody that, in the presence of lapatinib, is designed to sequester HER3 into inactive HER2-HER3 dimers that restrain HER3 interactions with other possible dimerization partners. The second approach involves the use of a tetravalent anti-HER3 antibody with the goal of inducing efficient HER3 internalization and degradation. In combination with lapatinib, we demonstrate that although the multivalent HER3 antibody is more effective than its bivalent counterpart in reducing heregulin-mediated signaling and growth, the bispecific HER2/HER3 antibody has increased inhibitory activity. Collectively, these observations provide support for the therapeutic use of bispecifics in combination with TKIs to recruit HER3 into complexes that are functionally inert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson, TX USA; Department of Immunology; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX USA
| | - Jayakumar S Poovassery
- Department of Immunology; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX USA; Department of Electrical Engineering; University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson, TX USA
| | - Pankaj Bansal
- Department of Immunology; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Department of Immunology; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX USA; Department of Electrical Engineering; University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson, TX USA
| | - Isabel M Manjarres
- Department of Immunology; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX USA; Department of Electrical Engineering; University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson, TX USA
| | - Raimund J Ober
- Department of Immunology; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX USA; Department of Electrical Engineering; University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson, TX USA
| | - E Sally Ward
- Department of Immunology; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX USA
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Epstein RJ. The unpluggable in pursuit of the undruggable: tackling the dark matter of the cancer therapeutics universe. Front Oncol 2013; 3:304. [PMID: 24377088 PMCID: PMC3859984 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The notion that targeted drugs can unplug gain-of-function tumor pathways has revitalized pharmaceutical research, but the survival benefits of this strategy have so far proven modest. A weakness of oncogene-blocking approaches is that they do not address the problem of cancer progression as selected by the recessive phenotypes of genetic instability and apoptotic resistance which in turn arise from loss-of-function – i.e., undruggable – defects of caretaker (e.g., BRCA, MLH1) or gatekeeper (e.g., TP53, PTEN) suppressor genes. Genetic instability ensures that rapid cell kill is balanced by rapid selection for apoptotic resistance and hence for metastasis, casting doubt on the assumption that cytotoxicity (“response”) remains the best way to identify survival-enhancing drugs. In the absence of gene therapy, it is proposed here that caretaker-defective (high-instability) tumors may be best treated with low-lethality drugs inducing replicative (RAS-RAF-ERK) arrest or dormancy, causing “stable disease” rather than tumorilytic remission. Gatekeeper-defective (death-resistant) tumors, on the other hand, may be best managed by combining survival (PI3K-AKT-mTOR) pathway blockade with metronomic or sequential pro-apoptotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Epstein
- Laboratory of Genome Evolution & Informatics, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, and Clinical Informatics & Research Centre, Department of Oncology, St Vincent's Hospital, UNSW Clinical School , Sydney, NSW , Australia
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46
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Klempner SJ, Myers AP, Cantley LC. What a tangled web we weave: emerging resistance mechanisms to inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. Cancer Discov 2013; 3:1345-54. [PMID: 24265156 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-13-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is one of the most frequently mutated pathways in cancer, and is actively being pursued as a therapeutic target. Despite the importance of the PI3K pathway in cancer, durable responses to PI3K pathway-targeted therapies are uncommon with monotherapy. Several in vitro and xenograft models have elucidated compensatory signaling and genomic changes which may limit the therapeutic effectiveness of PI3K inhibitors in the clinic. Future clinical trials with prospective evaluation of tumor signaling and genomic changes are likely to identify novel resistance mechanisms as well as subsets of patients who may derive maximal benefit from PI3K pathway inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE There are multiple ongoing clinical trials targeting the PI3K pathway members in several malignancies. This review summarizes the known mechanisms of resistance to targeting the PI3K pathway. Understanding of resistance mechanisms will help to inform more rational clinical trial design to optimize the clinical impact of targeting the PI3K pathway in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Klempner
- 1Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California; 2Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; 3Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; and 4Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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47
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Abstract
Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) represents a significant advancement in the treatment of HER2(+) breast cancers. Its clinical efficacy however will be limited by the development of therapeutic resistance. In this report, the HER3 ligand neuregulin is shown to mediate T-DM1 resistance, which was overcome by administration of pertuzumab, a steric inhibitor of HER2 dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Gwin
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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48
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Posttranslational protein knockdown coupled to receptor tyrosine kinase activation with phosphoPROTACs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:8942-7. [PMID: 23674677 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1217206110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational knockdown of a specific protein is an attractive approach for examining its function within a system. Here we introduce phospho-dependent proteolysis targeting chimeras (phosphoPROTACs), a method to couple the conditional degradation of targeted proteins to the activation state of particular kinase-signaling pathways. We generated two phosphoPROTACs that couple the tyrosine phosphorylation sequences of either the nerve growth factor receptor, TrkA (tropomyosin receptor kinase A), or the neuregulin receptor, ErbB3 (erythroblastosis oncogene B3), with a peptide ligand for the E3 ubiquitin ligase von Hippel Lindau protein. These phosphoPROTACs recruit either the neurotrophic signaling effector fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2α or the survival-promoting phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, respectively, to be ubiquitinated and degraded upon activation of specific receptor tyrosine kinases and phosphorylation of the phosphoPROTACs. We demonstrate the ability of these phosphoPROTACs to suppress the short- and long-term effects of their respective activating receptor tyrosine kinase pathways both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we show that activation of phosphoPROTACs is entirely dependent on their kinase-mediated phosphorylation, as phenylalanine-containing null variants are inactive. Furthermore, stimulation of unrelated growth factor receptors does not induce target protein knockdown. Although comparable in efficiency to RNAi, this approach has the added advantage of providing a degree of temporal and dosing control as well as cell-type selectivity unavailable using nucleic acid-based strategies. By varying the autophosphorylation sequence of a phosphoPROTAC, it is conceivable that other receptor tyrosine kinase/effector pairings could be similarly exploited to achieve other biological effects.
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HUA JIANPING, SIMA CHAO, CYPERT MILANA, GOODEN GERALDC, SHACK SONSOLES, ALLA LALITAMBA, SMITH EDWARDA, TRENT JEFFREYM, DOUGHERTY EDWARDR, BITTNER MICHAELL. DYNAMICAL ANALYSIS OF DRUG EFFICACY AND MECHANISM OF ACTION USING GFP REPORTERS. J BIOL SYST 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218339012400049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two issues are critical to the development of effective cancer-drug combinations. First, it is necessary to determine common combinations of alterations that exert strong control over proliferation and survival regulation for the general type of cancer being considered. Second, it is necessary to have a drug testing method that allows one to assess the variety of responses that can be provoked by drugs acting at key points in the cellular processes dictating proliferation and survival. Utilizing a previously reported GFP (green fluorescent protein) reporter-based technology that provides dynamic measurements of individual reporters in individual cells, the present paper proposes a dynamical systems approach to these issues. It involves a three-state experimental design: (1) formulate an oncologic pathway model of relevant processes; (2) perturb the pathways with the test drug and drugs with known effects on components of the pathways of interest; and (3) measure process activity indicators at various points on cell populations. This design addresses the fundamental problems in the design and analysis of combinatorial drug treatments. We apply the dynamical approach to three issues in the context of colon cancer cell lines: (1) identification of cell subpopulations possessing differing degrees of drug sensitivity; (2) the consequences of different drug dosing strategies on cellular processes; and (3) assessing the consequences of combinatorial versus monotherapy. Finally, we illustrate how the dynamical systems approach leads to a mechanistic hypothesis in the colon cancer HCT116 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- JIANPING HUA
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - CHAO SIMA
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - MILANA CYPERT
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - GERALD C. GOODEN
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - SONSOLES SHACK
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - LALITAMBA ALLA
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - EDWARD A. SMITH
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- PBS-Bio, Inc., 2036 E. Hackamore St., Mesa, AZ 85213, USA
| | - JEFFREY M. TRENT
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - EDWARD R. DOUGHERTY
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3128, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - MICHAEL L. BITTNER
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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50
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Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the catalytically inactive ErbB3 (HER3) protein plays a fundamental role in normal tyrosine kinase receptor signaling as well as in aberrant functioning of these signaling pathways, resulting in several forms of human cancers and some mental disorders. Here we report the generation of a specific anti-ErbB3 antibody intended for use in diagnosing disease or therapeutic application. By using the hybridoma technique, one cell line (2E(12)C(3)) stably producing anti-ErbB3 antibody was obtained. Its molecular weight was about 185 kDa and its isotype was IgG 2a and κ, respectively. The affinity constant (Kaff) of the anti-ErbB3 MAb was 5.83×10(10) M(-1). This antibody may become a useful tool for diagnostic and therapeutic targeting of ErbB3-expressing cancers or helpful in highlighting the etiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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